005258   Shabana Begum M;Muhammad Ilyas M H; Burkanudeen A (Biochemistry Dep, MCAS, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, Email: shabanabegum2004@yahoo.com) : Pharmacognostical studies of Justicia tranquebariensis leaves. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 899-901.

The leaves of Justicia tranquebariensis (Acanthaceae) are reported to have medicinal values in traditional system of medicine. Therefore, the study deals with pharmacognostical examination (morphological, microscopical and powder microscopy) and phytochemical evaluations (% yield of various extracts, phytochemical analysis, fluorescence analysis, physicochemical analysis and HPTLC profile for identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids) of the leaves.

1 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

005257   Selvamuthukumaran T;Arivudainambi S (Entomology Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Email: entoselva@gmail.com) : Insecticidal properties of certain leaf fractions of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth (Family : Euphorbiaceae) against Spodoptera litura fab. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 683-5.

Eleven fractions obtained from the leaf extracts of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth (Family: Euphorbiaceae) by following cold solvent extraction method using acetone as solvent were evaluated against Spodoptera litura Fab. for their anti insect properties at one per cent concentration. Among them, fractions VII, VIII and IX were found possessing significant activities over control. When, these three fractions (Fractions VII, VIII and IX) were tested through leaf disc bio assay at lower concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 ppm, the fraction VII at 10 ppm concentration, exerted 100 per cent, 96.67 per cent and 90 per cent mortality against third, fourth and fifth instar of Spodoptera litura larvae respectively and proved to be highly insecticidal.

3 tables, 8 ref

005256   Sankararamasubramaniam M;Karuppasamy K; Rajadurai R (Post Graduate and Research Zoology Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi-626 124) : Productivity and biological parameters of a pond in uchinatham village (Kadaladi Taluk, Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu, India). Oikoassay 2007, 20(1-2), 3-8.

A study on the productivity, phyto and zooplanktons, macro invertebrates and aquatic birds was carried out in a pond located at Uchinatham village during July 2004 to February 2005. Primary productivity value increased after rainy season 21 species of phytoplanktons belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were recorded. Maximum number of phytoplankton species (17) was recorded in July 2004. 21 species of zooplanktons belonging to Cladocera, Copepoda, and Rotifera were identified. More diversity of zooplanktons (18) was recorded in July 2004. Ten species of macroinvertebrates and 13 species of aquatic birds were recorded during the study.

5 tables, 17 ref

005255   Sankararamasubramaniam M;Karuppasamy K;Kannan K (PG and Res Zool Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamilnadu-626-124) : Physicochemical parameters of a pond in Uchinatham village (Kadaladi Taluk, Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu, India). Oikoassay 2007, 20(1-2), 31-4.

A study on the physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, transparency, electrical conductivity (EG), salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, Water Quality Index (WQI) 9f a pond in Uchinatham village have been carried out from July 2004 to February 2005. Water temperature was lower than the atmospheric temperature. Transparency was low in November and high in February. Higher EC was recorded during November. Salinity values fluctuated, peak value was recorded in September 2004.Water Quality Index showed fluctuation in different months of study. Raintall had a direct effect on the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment.

10 ref

005254   Samanta K;Chowdhury R;Bhattacharya P (Chemical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: pinaki_che@yahoo.com) : Effect of substrate concentration on the transient dynamics of specific cell growth during bioconversion of Cr<. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 209-15.

The transient dynamics of specific cell growth rate during bioconversion of hcxavalent chromium (Cr⁺⁶) to trivalent chromium (Cr⁺³) has been studied covering both Cr⁺⁶ uninhibited and Cr⁺⁶ inhibited conditions in a batch contacting system. Suitable polyculture consortia necessary for this bioconversion have been isolated and purified from tannery waste. It is observed that above the Cr⁺⁶ concentration of 33 mg/dm³, effect of Cr⁺⁶ inhibition on the specific cell growth rate is appreciably high. Detailed simulation and modeling work indicate that while Monod model equation is capable of describing the cell growth dynamics under Cr⁺⁶ uninhibited condition, the same can well be represented by Briggs-Haldane uncompetitive type model equation under Cr⁺⁶ inhibited condition. Since for the present system the difference in magnitudes of two intrinsic kinetic parameters, namely, Monod constant, K_s and the inhibition constant, K_i is not appreciably large, a unified transient specific cell growth dynamic equation has been presented.

6 illus, 29 ref

005253   Sahu M K;Sivakumar K;Kannan L (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: maloyksahu@yahoo.com) : Alkaline protease production by an actinomycete strain isolated from the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (fabricius, 1798). Natn Acad Sci Lett 2007, 30(1-2), 61-5.

Actinomycetes were isolated from the gut contents of the Tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Out of the 17 strains tested, the strain PE-9 which was tentatively identified as Streptomyces galbus showed protease activity. Optimum production of protease (14.52 IU/ml) was observed after 72 h of incubation at pH 9, temperature 39°C with starch and casein as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The study indicates scope for the use of S. galbus as an ideal organism for the industrial production of extra-cellular protease.

^ssc2 tables, 24 ref

005252   Roy A;Chainy G B N (Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar-751 004) : Effect of age on the role of high and low affinity-Ca<. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(4), 349-61.

There has been a growing concern to understand the mechanisms involved in age-associated decline in physiological functions of an organism. Loss of mitochondrial function and ATP production can have a major impact on cellular defenses and repair processes. Role of calcium in different physiological reactions inside the cell including fertility regulation is well established. Membrane bound high affinity Ca² -Mg² - ATPase plays an important role in maintaining intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations and thus maintains the cellular homeostasis. This study presents a developmental and age related changes in the activities of total, high-affinity and low-affinity Ca²⁺ -Mg²⁺ - ATP ase as well as Mg²⁺- ATP ase enzymes in teslicular mitochondrial membrane of rat to understand their role in differentiation and development of testis during critical stages of maturation.

4 illus, 38 ref

005251   Ranganayukulu D;Rajamanickam V;Ramesh S; Shankarananth V (Sri Padmavathi School of Pharmacy, Tiruchanoor, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, Email: shankraja2004@rediffmail.com) : Phytochemical constituents and some biological activity of leaf extract of Aristolochla bracteata. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 871-2.

The chloroform and alcoholic extracts of Aristolochia bracteata at a dose level of 1.5 μgm/ml shows significant antibacterial activity by filter paper disc method. The chloroform and the alcoholic extracts of Aristolochia bracteata at a dose level of 100 mg/kg showed significant anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan induced paw oedema model in mice.

3 tables, 10 ref

005250   Ramanathan T;Hariharan B;Ganesan K (NO, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: drtrcasmb@gmail.com) : Antidiabetic activity of a coastal mangrove leaves of Rhizophora mucronata. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 931-3.

Mangroves are among the most productive ecosystem and sustain a variety of marine and estuarine communities. It has been observed that leaves of Rhizophora mucronata possess a wide range of pharmacological applications. Experiments have been carried out on the anti-diabetic activity and screening of bioactive compounds.

5 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

005249   Ramanathan T (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: drtrcasmb@gmail.com) : Evaluation of local anaesthetic activity from Calotropis procera L. in Euphlyctis hexadactylus. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 995-7.

The milky latex extracted from Calotropisprocera was used to find out the local anaesthetic activity in the animal frog. Local anaesthetics are intended to relieve pain by depressing (or) blocking the sensory nerves reversibly. The term anaesthetics is desired from the Greek word anaesthesia which means in sensibility and hence anaesthetics are those drugs and other measures which produce insensibility to the vital functions of all types of cells, especially those of the nervous system. Local anaesthetics (milky latex) block nerve conduction where applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentration 1:10 and 1:100. They act on any part of the various systems and on every type of nerve fibre. Lumbar plexus Anaesthesia method (or) nerve block Anaesthesia method is used to study the activity briefly. Local Anaesthetic was studied by plexus an anaesthesia in frogs by employing the methods suggested by Sollaman (1918), Tripathi (1994) and Kulkarni (1999). This study proves that the natural milky latex is equally superior as that of the synthetic standard drug Xyclocaine. It has proved on comparative study of test VS standard milky latex is placed in sciatic nerve, will anaesthetic activity was confirmed.

3 tables, 3 ref

005248   Rajasekara Pandian M;Sharmila Banu G;Kumar G; Rema S (Centre for Biotech., Muthayammal College of Arts and Sci., Kakkaveri, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu) : Hypoglycemic effect of Boswellia serrata roxb. in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats.. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(1), 33-6.

The hypoglycemic effect of ethanolic extract of gum of Boswellia serrata was investigated in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats the gum of Boswellia serrata (3 g/kg p.o) significantly (P< 0.001) reduced the blood sugar levels from 78.74 ± 4.38 to 59.54 ± 2.1 mg/dl 6h after administration and after 21 days of treatment. Boswellia serrata reduced blood glucose levels of streptozotocin diabetic rats from 312.3 ± 7.4 to 119.5 ± 0.4 mg/dl after 6h of oral administration (P<0.001). Repeated oral administration of Boswellia serrata to streptozotocin diabetic rats significantly lowered the blood glucose after 7 days of treatment (135 ± 3.6 mg/dl) at 7 days Vs 312.32 ± 7.4mg/dl at the baseline values (P<0.001). It continuously decreased thereafter and showed a rapid normalization after 7 days of treatment. The results suggested that the raw deseed fruit of Boswellia serrata possess a potential hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats.

3 tables, 11 ref

005247   Rahman M M;Tareque M I;Rahman K M M (Population Science and Human Resource Development Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh) : Living arrangements and health status of the rural elderly of Naogaon district, Bangladesh. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(4), 378-93.

This paper focuses on living arrangements and health status of the rural elderly population, using 300 data from rural areas under Naogaon district out of which 160 are male and rest are female. The study reveals that most of the older persons are illiterate and unhealthy and they have been suffering from more than one disease like arthritis, gastric, eye problem asthma etc. Also the study shows that most of the older people are living with married children, which indicates that older persons like to live in a family atmosphere. A multivariate technique is used to extract which factors are influential for living arrangement and health status in terms of morbidity of the elderly population. Results indicate that 91% elderly are less preferable to living with married children whose monthly income is below 3000 taka. For health status in terms of morbidity reflect that 59% elderly (60-69) have less risk to suffer from any disease than 70+ years aged population.

5 tables, 23 ref

005246   Philip A;Umaya Suganthi R;Parvatham R (Research Scholar, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore-641 007) : Protective effect of Aloe vera leaf extract on aflatoxin B₁ - induced liver injury. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 737-9.

Protective effect of Aloe vera leaf was studied on Aflatoxin B₁ induced liver damage. Treatment of rats with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of Aloe vera leaf extract protected rats against Aflatoxin B₁ liver injury by significantly lowering the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid peroxide levels compared to control. The leaf extract at both doses also significantly restored depleted levels of glutathione and vitamin E compared to control. Reduction in lipid peroxidation, restoration of glutathione and vitamin E levels indicate strong antioxidant property of the leaf. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract of A. vera indicates the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, lignin, tannins and saponins.

2 tables, 16 ref

005245   Patil R C;Jadhav U;Upadhye M V;Utekar A Y; Mali G (Life Sicences Dep, Mumbai Univ, Kalina, Mumbai-400 098) : Isolation and characterisation of moderate halophiles from salty environment. Aquacult 2008, 9(1), 63-6.

Moderate halophiles are salt loving microorganisms that require 5-15% of salt concentration for their optimal growth. They are found to be commercially important and have applications in number of industries. study was designed to isolate and characterise the moderate halophiles from creek water and salted spoilt fish samples. Colony characteristics of the isolate and enrichment were studied. Haloduric or Halophilic nature was also found out.

3 tables, 4 ref

005244   Paliwal G;Mathur M (Human Development, P.G. Dep of Home Science, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur) : Life satisfaction and its correlates among aging adults. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(4), 454-62.

The Indian aged population is currently the second largest in world. Aging is a universal phenomenon, it is not a uniform experience among aging adults. Some persons achieve a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction in their old age, while others turn bitter and lament the decline of their physical abilities and social significance. Life satisfaction among the aged is an important concept, as it has far reaching implications and it can give us an over all view of the larger populations ageing successfully or not in our society. Some influencing factors of successful aging are health status, marital status, socio-economic status and age. The paper discusses the various factors as marital status, socio-economic, age, gender and social supports in affecting the quality of life and life satisfaction among the aged in India.

34 ref

005243   Ogunbameru O A;Bamiwuye O (Sociology and Anthropology Dep, Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Ile-Ife, Nigeria) : Attitude of Nigerian retiress towards retirement. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(4), 415-24.

This study investigates positive and negative attitude of male and female Nigerian retirees in Ondo State. Nigeria, towards life after retirement. Early studies focused only pre-retirement education and attitude towards retirement. In the study effort was made to relate some selected background characteristics to attitude towards life after retirement The data for this study was obtained from a random sample 282 retirees in Ondo State, Nigeria. The findings show that men are significantly more likely to have a positive attitude towards retirement than women seeing retirement not as the end of life. In addition. men are about three times significantly more likely to report happiness in retirement than their female counterparts.

6 tables, 15 ref

005242   Nair R;Vaghaisya Y;Godvani N;Solanki A;Baluja S;Chanda S (Biosciences Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot-360 005, Email: sumitrachanda@yahoo.com) : Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum stem. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 671-3.

Aqueous and different organic solvent extracts of Punica granatum L. stem were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Bacillus megatarium ATCC 9885) and Gram negative (Proteus morganii NCIM 2040, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Alcaligenes fecalis ATCC 8750) bacteria. Aqueous extracts did not show any antibacterial activity while organic solvent extracts showed different degree of activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; the best activity was shown by 1, 4-dioxan extract. The most susceptible bacteria was P. morganii while E. aerogenes was the most resistant strain. The results of this study support the traditional use of P. granatum.

1 table, 18 ref

005241   Muthuselvam K;Tholkappian P;Parthasarathi R (Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Enzymatic activities of biomass wastes during vermicomposting process. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 881-5.

Vermicomposting technology is a low-cost technology involving earthworms and associated microorganisms with a wide variety of organic wastes. Vermicompost are rich in macronutrients, micronutrients, secondary nutrients and various plant growth promoting substances. The quality of vermicompost depends on several factors viz., type of substrate used, aeration, humidity, pH, temperature and the earthworm species used for vermicomposting. Enzyme activities have been indirectly used as an index representing soil fertility or ecosystem status due to their involvement in biological transformation of native and foreign components in the soil. Enzyme activities are due to the enzymes present in a living or dead cells, cell debris, free enzymes and/or enzymes adsorbed clay or immobilized in humic complex molecules Thus necessitates determining the relationship between microbial population and enzymatic activities during organic matter decomposition which would lead to better understanding of earthworm and microorganism interaction. The enzymes such as cellulase, protease and phosphatase which are involved in breakdown of complex organic matter into simple substances during vermicomposting of agricultural biomass residues viz., water hyacinth, coir pith, sugarcane trash, and parthenium with cattle dung. The epigeic earthworms Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae were used as mono culturing and dual culturing methods. All the enzyme activities are significantly enhanced in earthworm inoculated treatments than control in the initial period of vermicomposting process thereafter gradual decrease in activity indicated the organic matter are stabilized by the action of earthworms. However there was no significant difference were found between the earthworm treatments as monoculture and dual culturing.

4 tables, 36 ref

005240   Mallikarjuna Reddy R;Vijaya CH (Dairy Science Dep, Jawahar Bharati Degree and P.G. College, Kavali, Andhra Pradesh) : Solid state fermentation technique to improve the nutritive value of paddy straw using soil fungi. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(1), 111-18.

Solid state fermentation method, using three soil fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, Humicola fuscoatra and Penicillium notatum, was applied for biological treatment of paddy straw for a period of 10, 20 and 30 days. The pH of the urea treated straw has been changed by fungi from basic to acidic side (7.8 to 6.5), which is favourable for rumen microflora. Substantial increase in cellulolytic (C_x and C₁), lignolytic (lignin peroxidase - LiP and Laccase - Lac), amylolytic, proteolytic enzymes, urease and phosphatase were noticed during the solid state fermentation. Combined treatment using chemical and biological methods enhanced the nutrient availability of paddy straw. Biomolecules like carbohydrates (reducing sugars) increased seven times, proteins (amino acids) enhanced 18 times, inorganic phosphorus and total organic matter enhanced four times that of untreated straw. Solid State Fermentation treatment using soil fungi in the presence of 1% urea for a period of 10 days is considered to be appropriate to improve the nutritive value of paddy straw. Among the three soil fungi used Humicola fuscoatra and Penicillium notatum exhibited better performance.

2 tables, 34 ref

005239   Kavitha D;Padma P R (Biochemistry and Biotechnology Dep, Avinashilingam Univ for Women, Coimbatore-641 043) : Biotherapeutic potential of flower and bark extracts of Couroupita guianensis AUBL. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 569-71.

Plants have always been the remedy for diseases. It was from these herbs that the active compounds were isolated for making drugs. Couroupita guianensis is a plant used traditionally for treating skin diseases. The present study showed that the methanolic extracts of flower and bark were found to effective against Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aueus and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined to indicate the minimum dose level. The methanolic extract of flower is more potent.

2 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

005238   Kalai Chelvan V K;Ramanathan T;Manavalan R; Balamurugan K (Pharmacy Dep, FEAT, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Hepatoprotective activity of Mella azedarach Linn. flower extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1003-5.

Methanolic extract of flowers of Melia azedarach Linn. (500 mg/kg) in 1% gum tragacanth was administered orally for 7 days and the hepatoprotective activity was studied in Paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rat model. The hepato protective activity was assessed using various serum bio chemical parameters such as total bilirubin, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetic Tansaminase (SCOT), Serum Gulatamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phospatase (ALP) and total protein. There was a significant increase in serum levels of total bilirubin, (SGOT), (SGPT), (ALP) and decrease in total protein level in Paracetamol treated animals, reflecting liver injury. In the methanol extract treated animals showed decrease in serum levels of the markers, total bilirubin and significant increase in total protein, indicating the recovery of hepatic cells. The flower extract of Melia azedarach Linn, afforded significant protection against Paracetamol induced hepatocellular injury due to its anti oxidant property.

1 table, 12 ref

005237   Kalai Chelvan V K;Manavalan R;Balamurugan K; Ramanathan T (Pharmacy, FEAT, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: vkkalaichelvan@yahoo.co.in) : Hepatoprotective activity of Pongamia pinnata flower extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1023-25.

Methanolic extract of flowers of Pongamia pinnata (300 mg/kg) in 1% gum tragacanth was administered orally for 7 days and the hepatoprotective activity was studied in Paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rat model. The hepato protective activity was assessed using various serum bio chemical parameters such as total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein. There was a significant increase in serum levels of total bilirubin, (SGOT), (SGPT), (ALP) and decrease in total protein level in Paracetamol treated animals, reflecting liver injury. In the Methanol extract treated animals there were decrease in serum levels of the markers, total bilirubin and significant increase in total protein, indicating the recovery of hepatic cells. The flower extract of Pongamia pinnata afforded significant protection against Paracetamol induced hepatocellular injury due to its anti oxidant property.

1 table, 11 ref

005236   Hossen M A (Faculty of Social Work, Social Work Dep, Shahjalal Univ of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh) : Modernization theory and its implication on the elderly in rural Bangladesh. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(4), 394-414.

Like other developing countries, the aging population in Bangladesh is increasing rapidly. The existing structure of society is changing because of mass education, urbanization, migration, poverty, landlessness, and unplanned urbanization. It is the modernization theory which argue that when a society is changed due to these factors (according to them which are the symptoms of modernization) the status of the elderly declines. In order to examine the extent to which modernization theory describes the status and situation of the elderly in rural Bangladesh, this paper will discuss the various assumptions and schools of thought relating to modernization theory. Finally, it will examine the extent to which western theory is applicable in a country like Bangladesh where the socio-economic condition is somewhat different and strong religious and social values inspire other family members to take care of elderly and a joint family structure is still the norm. This article will also focus a little bit on various theories of aging in order to get an idea about the theory areas relating to elderly.

1 illus, 63 ref

005235   Gupta S;Jain D K;Raghuwanshi M B;Khan M A; Chandel H S;Pathak A K (Truba Institute of Pharmacy, Karond-Gandhi Nagar Bypass Road, Bhopal-462 038, Email: sonika_112002@yahoo.co.in) : Wound healing activity of polyherbal formulation on excision based wound model in mice. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 783-5.

A Polyherbal ointment containing ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava, Azadirachta indica, Cassia fistula and Argemone mexicana was evaluated for its wound healing activity on excision based wound model in mice. The groups treated with polyherbal formulation (ointment) showed increase in the rate of wound contraction and decrease in the period of epithelization in animals which may be attributed to its wound healing activity.

10 ref

005234   Gupta R;Johri S;Sharma P;Saxena A M (Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Blood sugar lowering activity of Tricosanthes dioica roxb. in different experimental rat models. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(1), 53-6.

95% ethanolic extract of Tricosanthes dioica Roxb whole plant fed orally by canula at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight to male albino rats consisting of fasted, fed, glucose loaded and diabetic models. Extract caused significant blood sugar lowering in all models. In terms of percentage lowering from initial value the effect was more pronounced in fasted model. On the basis of results T. dioica can be regarded as effective blood sugar lowering plant in male albino rats.

2 tables, 7 ref

005233   Charantimath A S;Lakshman H C (Studies in Botany Dep, Karnataka Univ, Dharwad, Karnatak) : AMF and PSB- an effective tool to improve growth and nutrient status of medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia willd. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(1), 37-40.

The study clearly brought out the synergistic interaction between an efficient AM fungus, G. fasciculatum and P. solubilizer P. striata resulting in better nutrition and growth of Tinospora cordifolia stem cuttings at nursery level. It is evident from such synergistic interaction studies that Phosphate solublizing bacteria rendered more Phosphate soluble while mycorrhiza enhance phosphate uptake. Because, many of the phosphate solublizers are known to produce phytoharmones and growth promoting substances.

2 tables, 13 ref

005232   Behera C;Rautji R;Lalwani S;Dogra T D (Forensic Medicine Dep, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune) : Elder homicide : a 10-year retrospective study from south Delhi. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(4), 362-7.

Sixty six autopsy cases of elder homicide received from South Delhi were studied during the 10-year period from Jan 1996 to Dec 2005 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Cases included those with victims more than 60 years of age. Data was analyzed with regard to the age and sex of the victim, cause of death, location of death, motive, perpetrator and sexual assault component. There were 38 male (57.6%) and 28 female (42.4%) victims. The age range of the homicide victim was 60 to 85 years with 3 victims of the age of 80 years or older. Blunt force trauma to head, thorax and abdomen was the most common cause of death (n=17, 26%) followed by mechanical asphyxia (n=16, 24%), stab injuries (n=16, 24%) and firearms (n=11, 17%).

5 illus, 8 ref

005231   Bagde E D;Ingle R W;Ambhore S N;Bhoyar A S; Patil M J (Plant Pathology Dep, Dr. B.S.K.K.V. Dapoli, Maharashtra) : Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis. Ann Pl Physiol 2007, 21(2), 276-80.

Investigation was carried out to study on morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters of B. subtilis by comparing local isolates with known culture NCIM- 2010. Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium produced maximum number of population i.e. 86 x 106 and maximum colony diameter 1.35mm on the Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium at 40°C, which was found to be most suitable for growth of B. subtilis. The maximum growth was observed at 5 g/lit NaCl concentration and tolerate salt up to 7 g/lit concentration. The biochemical characters showed positive test except KOH and gas production from sucrose, glucose and mannital.

4 tables, 11 ref

005230   Akinnibosun F I;Akinnibosun H A;Ibeh I N; Osaghae F (Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Life Sciences, Benin Univ, P.M.B. 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, 300001, Edo State, Nigeria, Email: fakinnibosun@yahoo.co.uk) : Antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus amarus schum and Thonn. on five vegetative organisms. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 563-8.

Antibacterial activity of hot and cold aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus on two Gram-positive (Staphylococcm aureus and Streptococcus Spp. and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Proteus sp.) vegetative organisms was carried out. Sensitivity disc test showed varied degree of inhibition at different concentrations on the test bacteria. The zones of inhibition produced was between 5mm - 12mm diameter. Highest inhibition zones with hot water extract were observed for E. coli and Streptococcus sp. at 10^-1 dilution, Salmonella sp. at 10^-2 dilution, Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus at 10^-5 dilution. Zones of inhibition with cold water extracts were observed to be highest for Salmonella sp. at 10^-1 dilution, Proteus sp. at 10^-2 and 10^-3 dilution, E. coli at 10^-2 dilution, Streptococcus sp. at 10^-3 and 10^-4 dilutions and Staphylococcus sp. at 10^-5 dilution. Positive antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus amarus on the two Gram-positve and three Gram-negative vegetative bacteria was confirmed.

2 tables, 28 ref

004340   YashRoy R C (Biophysics & Electron Microscopy Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareily-243 122, Email: rakeshyashroy@rediffmail.com) : Mechanism of infection of a human isolate Salmonella (3,10:r:-) in chicken ileum: ultrastructural study. Indian J med Res 2007, 126(6), 558-66.

Originally isolated from severe human food-poisoning cases, Salmonella (3,10:r:-), a monophasic variety of otherwise diphasic serotypes such as S. weltevreden and S. simi, causes serious infections in man, animals and poultry. Mechanism of infection of this versatile and deadly organism is important to understand for its control. The objective of this study was to enhance our understanding of infection of Salmonella (3,10:r:-) in vivo at cellular level. Aliquots of 10⁹ cfu of Salmonella (3,10:r:-) organisms were injected intra-ileally in 24 h pre-fasted 3 month old broiler chickens by standard ligated ileal loop method. After 18 h, the fluid accumulated in the ileum was drained and small tissue pieces were fixed in 2.5 per cent buffered (pH 7) glutaraldehyde and subsequently in 1 per cent aqueous osmium tetraoxide. Ultra-thin sections of araldite-embedded tissue pieces were examined under transmission electron microscope operated at 100 KV after staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Over 70 per cent of salmonellae interacting within 300 nm with ileal epithelial cells developed numerous surface blebs of periplasmic extensions designated "periplasmic organelles" (POs). Large sized POs were apparently pinched off as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), 50-90 nm in diameter. Type III secretion needle complex-like "rivet complexes" (RCs) were viewed to rivet the bacterial outer and inner membranes together, allowing only pockets of periplasm to expand/inflate in order to liberate OMVs. Many OMVs were found visibly docked on the plasma membrane of host epithelial cells. The invading organisms appeared to leave the epithelial cells so as to find entry into the lymphatic vessels, where, they again appeared to be closely interacting with ileal macrophages, by forming numerous POs and concomitantly liberating OMVs. Inside the cytoplasm of macrophages, numerous tight phagosomes were seen, each containing two organisms. The final stage appeared to contain replicated salmonellae, four in each loose phagosome and, at the same time, macrophages also showed signs of apoptotic disintegration, culminating in the release of replicated salmonellae. Outer membrane vesicles released from a fiercely virulent human isolate, Salmonella 3,10:r:- pathogens have been implicated in translocating biochemical signals from the host-interactive organisms to the eukaryotic cells at both stages of invasion leading to epithelial cell and macrophage infection in vivo, in the chicken ileal model. A comprehensive cellular mechanism at ultrastructural level is outlined for typhoid-like Salmonella infections caused by this humans-infecting organism.

2 illus, 58 ref

004339   Yadav K;Surendra Singh (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R.A. University, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Effect of fungicide ridomil on cholesterol in kidney of the fish, Channa punctatus. Bionotes 2008, 10(3), 95.

^ssc1 table, 3 ref

004338   Yadav A S (Genetics Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Email: yadavattar@hau.ernet.in) : Auxotrophy in rhizobia revisted. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 279-88.

Among the various types of mutations studied in rhizobia, the auxotrophic mutations (which confer on the mutants the inability to synthesize certain essential substances such as amino acids, vitamins and nucleic acids), are the most favoured ones as these can be used as suitable markers for genetic analysis. An important property of rhizobia is their effectiveness i.e. their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia within the nodule. Special interest in this category of mutations by rhizobial geneticists is due to the fact that there is a strong correlation between the metabolic defects and the ineffectiveness (Nod- and/or Fix-) of the rhizobial strains. Auxotrophic mutants of various species of rhizobia with defects in the synthesis of nucleic bases, vitamins and amino acids have been obtained by mutagenising with physical, chemical and Tn5 mutagens. These mutants have been used in mapping studies as well as in establishing a correlation between its metabolic requirement and symbiotic relationship with the host plant. Deals with the isolation of auxotrophs, and their genetic, biochemical and symbiotic characterization. It also encompasses the studies on the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of nutritional substances in rhizobia.

^iia1 illus, 91 ref

004337   Venkatesh S;Sailaxmi K;Madhava Reddy B;Ramesh M (NO, G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad-500 028, Email: venkateshama@hotmail.com) : Antimicrobial activity of Helicteres isora root. Indian J pharm Sci 2007, 69(5), 687-9.

The aqueous ethanol extract of Helicteres isora root were partitioned using various solvents like petroleum ether, Chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. Of the 10 tested microbial strains, all fractions exhibited antimicrobial activity against 9 microbial strains at concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5 mg/ml. Among tested organisms, Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were most sensitive and Salmonella typhimurium was most resistant. Butanol extract was found to possess most potent antimicrobial activity.

^ssc2 illus, 14 ref

004336   Varsha Gupta;Nidhi Singla;Jagdish Chander (NO, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh-160 030, Email: varshagupta_99@yahoo.com) : Detection of ESBLs using third & fourth generation cephalosporins in double disc synergy test. Indian J med Res 2007, 126(5), 486-7.

^ssc1 table, 8 ref

004335   Tayung K;Jha D K;Deka D C (Botany Dep, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014) : Isolation and identification of antimicrobial agent-producing bacterium from Taxus baccata rhizosphere antagonistic against clinically significant microbes. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 317-22.

Bacterium identified as Pseudomonas fluorescence was isolated from Taxus baccata rhizosphere. Ethyl acetate extract from its culture filtrate yielded an active antimicrobial compound that was purified by TLC. The active metabolites were resolved by column chromatography on silica gel (60-120 mesh). The compound was further characterized on the basis of spectral data (UV, IR and ¹HNMR), which indicated the presence of an aromatic ring and phenolic functionality. The compound showed significant antimicrobial activity against two-gram positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus), four-gram negative bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. flexneri and P. aeruginosa), and one pathogenic fungus (Candida albicans). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compound ranged between 75μg to 250 μg/ml.

5 illus, 19 ref

004334   Tale V S;Pawar V N;Wakte P S (Microbiology Dep, Dynopasak Shikshan Mandal's College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Parbhani-431 401, Email: vstale@gmail.com) : Pullulan fermentation optimization using Aureobasidium pullulans. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 22-5.

Pullulan is produced by dimorphic fungus Aureobasidium pullalans. The elaboration of pullalan bio-synthesizing ability of Aureobasidium pullans was standardized by optimizing nutritional and cultural growth parameters for desired yield. The standardization of fermentation conditions recorded highest yield of pullulan (14.3gL-1) at 2.0 gL-1 yeast extract. The maximum yield of pullulan to tune of 15.1 gL-1 was recorded with 5 percent sucrose as a carbon source. Amongst various carbon sources (sucrose, fructose, glucose, lactose and xylose) highest yield of pullulan was recorded by sucrose (15.5 gL-1) respectively. The optimal and effective cultural growth parameters for maximum yield of pullulan recorded are initial pH of culture medium (pH 6.5), period of fermentation (72h), age of inoculum (48 h) and size of inoculum (10 percent).

3 illus, 17 ref

004333   Subhosh Chandra M;Viswanath B;Rajasekhar Reddy B (Microbiology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003, Email: rajasaekhar_bontha@yahoo.co.in) : Cellulolytic enzymes on lignocellulosic substrates in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 323-8.

Production of cellulolytic enzymes by Aspergillus niger on lignocellulosic substrates groundnut fodder, wheat bran, rice bran and sawdust in solid state fermentation in a laboratory scale was compared. Czapek Dox liquid broth amended with cellulose (0.5%) was used to moisten lignocellulosic solid supports for cultivation of Aspergillus niger. The production of filter paperase, carboxymethyl cellulase and β-glucosidase were monitored at daily intervals for 5 days. The peak production of the enzymes occurred within 3 days of incubation. Among solid supports used in the study, wheat bran was the best solid matrix followed by groundnut fodder in production of cellulolytic enzymes in solid state fermentation. Groundnut fodder supported significant production of FPase (2.09 FPU/g), CMCase (1.36 U/g) and -glucosidase activity (0.0117 U/g) in solid state fermentation. Considerable secretion of protein (5.10 mg/g) on groundnut fodder at peak time interval 1st day of incubation was recorded.

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

004332   Subha T S;Gnanamani A (Microbiology Dep, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, Email: agmani_2000@yahoo.com) : Perfusion of antifungal agents through biofilms of Candida sp. Curr Sci 2008, 94(6), 774-8.

An in vitro bioassay system for evaluation of perfusion of antifungal agents through biofilms of Candida species has been developed. Cellulose membrane filter was used as substrate material for biofilm development. The chosen drugs were not able to penetrate the biofilm even at high concentration (2.0 mg/ml). However, partial penetration was exhibited by members of the azole family. Scanning electron micrograph reveals encapsulation of the matrix throughout the biofilm, which restricts-antifungal penetration. Of the two Candida species, C. tropicalis was less responsive to antifungal agents than C. albicans.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

004331   Singh B N (Genetics Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Email: bnsingh@bhu.ac.in) : Chromosome inversions and linkage disequilibrium in Drosophila. Curr Sci 2008, 94(4), 459-64.

Chromosomal polymorphism in Drosophila due to paracentric inversion is common and constitutes an adaptive trait. It has been studied in a number of species and shows interspecific variation with respect to its degree and pattern. Populations of certain species may also show seasonal, geographic, latitudinal and altitudinal variations with respect to inversion frequencies. Dobzhansky suggested that chromosomal polymorphism in Drosophila is a device to cope with the diversity of environments. Chromosome inversions provide a mechanism for maintaining heterotic systems through the suppression of crossing over. Particularly interesting in this regard is the occurrence of non-random associations (linkage disequilibrium) of linked inversions in many species of Drosophila. Although linkage disequilibrium between inversions was reported for the first time in D. robusta by Levitan, this phenomenon which is of considerable evolutionary significance, has been reported in many species of Drosophila. Factors causing linkage disequilibrium between inversions vary in different species and also in different chromosomes of the same species. The review documents the cases of linkage disequilibrium between inversions, their probable causes and evolutionary significance.

62 ref

004330   Sijuwade P O (School of Urban and Public Affairs, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas) : Mental illness and disability among elders in developing countries: a case study of Nigeria. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(3), 278-93.

This article attempts to document the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among elders in a rural town of Iseyin in the Southwestern part of Nigeria. In addition, the relationship between psychiatric illness and functional disability was investigated in order to assess the impact of disorder on social functioning. A semi-structured interview checklist to diagnose six disorders was used (=182). In Addition, elders older than age 60 were examined to assess the functional impact of mental health conditions by measuring functional disability. Eighteen percent of elders seem to have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, in general these elders were also less likely to receive assistance with the disabilities they report, compared with those who do not experience a psychiatric disorder. Documenting the extent of psychiatric disorder among elders in developng societies sensitizes health planners to the growing reality of aging in their societies and the need for expanded physical and psychiatric health care services.

3 tables, 43 ref

004329   Shelke S K;Phadke M (Microbiology Dep, S.I.E.S. College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Sion (West), Mumbai-400 028, Email: shridevi14985@yahoo.co.in) : Bio-ethanol production from pineapple waste. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 94-7.

Significant quantity of the pineapple juice waste rich in carbohydrate material is disposed off. Thus, the current study focuses on the bio-ethanol production from pineapple juice waste which is a potential source of sugars, proteins, vitamins and growth factors, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain obtained from SAF yeast. Yield of around 4.3 - 4.4 g% alcohol with the cell culture is obtained which is comparable with 4.65 - 4.67 g% of alcohol obtained using synthetic sucrose medium. Optimization of the process showed maximum ethanol yield at 28°C, with 10% initial sugar concentration of the waste and between the pH range of 4.0 - 4.5, after 48 hours of fermentation. Use of immobilized yeast in the production of ethanol resulted in 4.28 g% of alcohol. During the course of study determination of biomass yield of yeast and sugar utility is carried out to study behavioral changes of the Saccharomyces in response to the changing physiological conditions. Percentage efficiency of the overall process is found to be 85.12%. Also, 56% reduction in BOD values before and after fermentation helps in solving the waste disposal problem.

7 tabels, 4 ref

004328   Sharma B V;Majhi J (Anthropology Dep, Hyderabad Univ, Hyderabad, Email: majhi_hcu@yahoo.com) : Child birth and the role of traditional birth attendants among the Savara and Jatapu communities, Andhra Pradesh. Indian Anthrop 2007, 37(2), 55-69.

The Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) are viewed as important health functionaries in the rural communities. It is believed that they are divinely selected for their work and divinely inspired in it. The TBAs have remained as the most suitable persons for conducting deliveries in rural areas. They are valued as well as respected for their easy availability and cultural acceptability. Mainly focuses on role and acceptability of the TBAs, their position in the society, and obstetric practices followed by them in two tribal communities, namely Jatapu and Savara of Andhra Pradesh. Specific aspects analyzed for the study are acquisition of knowledge, training, skills, and antenatal as well as postnatal care by the TBAs.

4 tables, 26 ref

004327   Share K N;Anandhraman V;Meshram V G;Reddy M V R;Tumane P M;Goswami K (P G Dep of Microbiology & Rajiv Gandhi Biotechnology Centre, RTM, Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: goswamikln@rediffmail.com) : Anti-microfilarial activity of methanolic extract of Vitex negundo and aegle marmelos and their phytochemical analysis. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(2), 128-31.

Methanolic extracts of roots of Vitex negundo L. and extracts of leaves of Vitex negundo L., Ricinus communis L. and Aegle marmelos Corr. were explored for possible antifilarial effect against Brugia malayi microfilariae. It was observed that among the herbal extracts, root extract of Vitex negundo L. and leaves extract of Aegle marmelos Corr. at 100 ng/ml concentration showed complete loss of motility of microfilariae after 48 hr of incubation. Thin layer chromatography of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin and flavonoids in the roots of Vitex negundo L. and coumarin in the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr.

1 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

004326   Shailaja Raj M;Furtado I;Mavinkurve S (Microbiology Dep, St. Francis P.G. College for Women, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500 016) : Periplasmically located α-santonin binding factor in Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain S ATCC 43388. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 358-63.

Marked reduction in uptake of α-santonin, accompanied by loss of ability of cells to transform the substrate, is observed on shocking Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain S ATCC 43388 cells by freeze - thaw method. The shock fluid shows a 26% quench in fluorescence at 350 nm on incubation with the substrate. Addition of shock fluid to the freeze thawed cells restores both uptake as well as transformation of α-santonin to near normal.

4 illus, 30 ref

004325   Sathiyavathi S;Mathivanan V;Sabhanayakam S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: sathyaselvaraj.able@gmail.com) : Survellience of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in the Aids patients of Salam district, Salem, Tamilnadu. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2008, 27(1), 53-6.

HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus is of different types. Among them HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies are commonly occur in the infected patients. Efforts have made to study the types of antibodies among the patients in and around Salem District (Tamil Nadu). Most of the patients were having the HIV-1 antibodies and few of them only of HIV-2 antibodies.

1 table, 6 ref

004324   Saratale G D;Humnabadkar R P;Govindwar S P (Biochemistry Dep, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: spg_biochem@unishivaji.ac.in) : Mixed function oxidase system in Aspergillus ocharaceus (NCIM 1146). Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 304-9.

Aspergillus ochraceus (NCIM-1146) has shown the ability to degrade cholesterol, camphor and naphthalene, when 96 h grown mycelium incubated in medium containing these organic compounds. Presence of higher level of electron transport components and biotransformation enzyme activity were observed in Aspergillus ochraceus, when grown in potato dextrose medium for 96 h. The enzyme activity preferred NADPH as a cofactor and shows inhibition in the presence of CO, indicating cytochrome P-450 mediated reactions. A significant increase in the levels of electron transport components and biotransformation enzyme activity were observed in presence of different inducers (viz. cholesterol, camphor, naphthalene, veratrole, phenobarbital, n-hexane, kerosene and saffola oil) when compared with mycelium incubated in same way with similar conditions for 2 min incubation. Analyses of the products of cholesterol and camphor using HPLC and GCMS confirm the degradation of these compounds.

5 tables, 29 ref

004323   Saha M (NO, B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane, Maharashtra, Email: m_saha1@sify.com) : DNA nanotechnology - the journey forward. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 1-4.

18 ref

004322   Prasad A;Nasir A;Neem Singh (Network Programme on Gastro-intestinal Parasitism, Parasitology Dep, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Email: drarvind@ivri.up.nic.in) : Detection of anti-Haemonchus contortus antibodies in sheep by dot-ELISA with immunoaffinity purified fraction of ES antigen during prepatency. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(2), 94-9.

Haemonchosis is a very common disease in small ruminants caused by H. contortus, a blood sucking parasite causing anaemia that may be fatal particularly to young animals. Therefore, detection of the infection during prepatent period is important for early treatment. Excretory-Secretory (ES) protein of H. contortus was purified through immunoaffinity chromatography. Dot -ELBA was performed with crude ES antigen as well as immunoaffinity purified fraction (F-1) with experimental and natural sera of sheep infected with H. contortus. Solid dot formation took place with 4 day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks post infection sera. Dot formation did not take place with negative control serum and uninfected control animal serum. When crude ES antigens was reacted to natural sheep sera having H. contortus infection, 60% sera samples showed solid dot formation whereas in F-l fraction 75% of the sera samples showed solid dot indicating purified fraction was a more potent antigen. Crude ES and F-l were also fractionated through SDS-PAGE. ES antigen revealed polypeptides in the range of 10 to 200 kDa of which 26, 32, 60 and 120 kDa were found more prominent. F-1 fraction on SDS-PAGE analysis revealed only four polypeptides of 26, 32, 60, and 120 of which 60 and 120 kDa were found to be most prominent. Results indicate that the purified fraction of ES antigen may be utilized for early diagnosis of haemonchosis. Further studies on cross antigenicity of this fraction with other nemalode and trematode needs to be conducted.

6 illus, 22 ref

004321   Prakash I J (Psychology Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056) : Psychological issues in ageism and its prevention. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(2), 206-15.

Psychologists need to examine the origins and impact of Ageism on the well-being of older people. Media, medical services and often, older people themselves perpetuate ageist attitudes. Like any other form of discrimination. Ageism also dehumanizes the older people and curbs their rights. Prevention of Ageism needs action both at individual and group levels Awareness, activism, and advocacy are essential for fighting against Ageism. Active aging can counteract many of the negative stereotypes. This paper explores the psychological issues in the development and prevention of Ageism.

22 ref

004320   Paliwal A;Gurjar R K;Sharma H N (P.G. Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Etah-207 242) : Comparative effect of a pyre-throid and organophosphate on haematology of albino rat. Bionotes 2008, 10(3), 91-2.

1 table, 8 ref