Dhir A;Kulkarni S K
014200 Dhir A;Kulkarni S K (Pharmacology Div, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: skpu@yahoo.com) : Possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of MK-801 (dizocilpine), a NMDA receptor antagonist in mouse forced swim test. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(3), 164-70.
L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is an important signaling pathway involved in depression. With this information, the present study aimed to study the involvement of this signaling pathway in the antidepressant-like action of MK-801 (dizocilpine; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) in the mouse forced-swim test. Total immobility period was recorded in mouse forced swim test for 6 min. MK-801 (5-25 μg/kg., ip) produced a U-shaped curve in reducing the immobility period. The antidepressant-like effect of MK-801 (10 μg/kg, ip) was prevented by pretreatment with L-arginine (750 mg/kg, ip) [substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS)]. Pretreatment of mice with 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (25 mg/kg, ip) [a specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor] produced potentiation of the action of subeffective dose of MK-801 (5 μg/kg, ip). In addition, treatment of mice with methylene blue (10 mg/kg, ip) [direct inhibitor of both nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase] potentiated the effect of MK-801 (5 μg/kg, ip) in the forced-swim test. Further, the reduction in the immobility period elicited by MK-801 (10 μg/kg, ip) was also inhibited by pretreatment with sildenafil (5 mg/kg, ip) [phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor]. The various modulators used in the study and their combination did not produce any changes in locomotor activity per se and in combination with MK-801. MK-801 however, at higher doses (25 μg/kg, ip) produced hyperlocomotion. The results demonstrated the involvement of nitric oxide signaling pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of MK-801 in mouse forced-swim test.
2 illus, 1 table, 40 ref
DhanyaKumar N M;Singhania A;Shivanna V
014199 DhanyaKumar N M;Singhania A;Shivanna V (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, College of Dental Sciences (C.O.D.S.), Davangere-577 004) : To analyze the distribution of root canal stresses after simulated canal preparation of different canal taper in mandibular first premolar by finite element study - an in vitro study. Endodontology 2008, 20(2), 12-21.
Investigates stress distribution patterns in simulated biomechanically prepared mandibular first premolars with four different tapers at two different compaction forces and an occlusal load with finite element analysis. Six recently extracted, intact, non-carious, undestroyed mandibular premolars similar in-straight root canals were selected. Four finite element models were designed on the software varying only in canal taper of mandibular first premolars. Gutta-percha was compacted by vertical condensation technique in three separate vertical increments under two different vertical compaction forces that are 10N and 15N. Finite element meshes were generated with this model by using soft ware to know the pattern of distribution of radicular stresses during obturation. At last access opening will be filled by using simulated restorative material (composite). A masticatory load of SON was applied; again Finite element meshes were generated. The highest circumferential and radial stresses were found during compaction of first gutta percha increment, while an increase in taper reduced the stress level for the same compaction force. During obturation, higher stresses were found at the canal surface, using the smallest taper, in apical third, during the first gutta percha increment and gradually decreased along the canal length. Root stresses during occlusal load application generates the highest stresses at external root surface and concentrate at cervical third, an increase taper size caused only slight lower root stresses. With increasing taper root stresses decreased during root canal obturation. Root fracture at the apical third is likely initiated during obturation. Root fracture at the cervical third is likely initiated during occlusal load.
25 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref
Deshmukh M;Pawar P;Joseph M;Phalgune U; Kashalkar R;Deshpande N R
014198 Deshmukh M;Pawar P;Joseph M;Phalgune U; Kashalkar R;Deshpande N R (Chemistry Dep, Sir Parshurambhau College, Pune-411 030, Email: madhaviarya@rediffmail.com) : Efficacy of 4-methyl-1-hydroxy coumarin derivatives against vectors Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(11), 788-92.
4-Methyl-7-hydroxy coumarin is considered as a lead molecule as a biopesticide. Its mono bromo and tribromo derivatives were synthesized. Two more derivatives were synthesized by acylation. Compound 1 (3,6,8-tribromo-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-chromen-2-one) was found to be the most potent against IVth instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti the LC50 being 1.49 and 2.23 ppm respectively. It showed 100% larval mortality at 25 ppm against A aegypti and at 10 ppm against C. quinquefasciatus. Compounds 1 and 2 (3,6,8-tribromo-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-chromen-2'-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl acetate) showed remarkable ovicidal activity. Significant reduction of 80-85% hatching of eggs of both mosquito species was observed at the highest dose of 100 ppm. The hatched larvae showed 100% mortality in the successive instars. Compounds 3 and 4 (3-bromo-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-chromen-2-one and 3-bromo-4-methyl-2'-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl acetate) showed moderate activity against both mosquito species.
4 tables, 7 ref
Dechamma H J;Ashok Kumar C;Nagarajan G; Suryanarayana V V S
014197 Dechamma H J;Ashok Kumar C;Nagarajan G; Suryanarayana V V S (FMD Research Lab, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024, Email: dechammahj@yahoo.com) : Processing of multimer FMD virus VP1-2A protein expressed in E. coli into monomers. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(11), 760-3.
Expressions of several genes in bacteria were carried out by independent promoter. However, in case of eukaryotes ribosome skipping and introduction of IRES are employed as alternative to multiple translation initiation. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A peptide has been widely used for co-expression of multiple genes in eukaryotic, plant and mammalian systems. The 18 amino acid 2A peptide of FMDV facilitates efficient co-translational dissociation of the polyprotein into discrete protein products. To study the role of 2A in multimeric protein production a construct consisting of tandem repeat of 4 units of C- terminal VP1 linked through 2A sequence was made and expressed in E. coli. Along with tetramer protein, trimer, dimer and monomer proteins were produced. Stability studies showed that the tetramer protein was cleaved to smaller monomer on storage. The results provide scope for using FMDV 2A for expressing multiple genes under a single promoter in prokaryotes.
4 illus, 10 ref
de Almeida Leme J A C;Gomes R J;deMello M A R;Luciano E
014196 de Almeida Leme J A C;Gomes R J;deMello M A R;Luciano E (Physical Education Dep, Sao Paulo Sate Univ (UNESP), Av. 24, 1515, Bela Vista, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Email: zecuriacos@terra.com.br) : Moderate physical training increases brain insulin concentrations in experimental diabetic rats. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(6), 443-6.
Insulin is an important modulator of growth and metabolic function in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of swimming physical training (at 32 ° ±1 °C, 1 hr/day, 5 days/week, with an overload equivalent to 5% of the body weight, for 4 weeks) on brain insulin concentrations in alloxan induced type 1 diabetic rats. Training attenuated hyperglycemia but had no effect on insulinemia in diabetic rats. Hematocrit and blood albumin values remained without changes. Brain insulin did not change in diabetic rats. However, physical training increased the concentration in both control and diabetic rats. It is concluded that in the present experimental conditions, diabetes had no influence on brain insulin, however moderate physical training increased the hormone in both control and diabetic animals.
2 illus, 1 table, 34 ref
Das S;Guha D
014195 Das S;Guha D (S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, Calcutta Univ, 244B A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata-700 020, Email: debjaniguha@rediffmail.com) : CNS depressive role of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea L. leaves in adult male albino rats. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(3), 185-90.
Treatment with Spinacia oleracea extract (SO; 400 mg/kg body weight) decreased the locomotor activity, grip strength, increased pentobarbitone induced sleeping time and also markedly altered pentylenetetrazole induced seizure status in Holtzman strain adult male albino rats. SO increased serotonin level and decreased both norepinephrine and dopamine levels in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, midbrain and pons and medulla. Result suggests that SO exerts its CNS depressive effect in PTZ induced seizure by modulating the monoamines in different brain areas.
3 tables, 22 ref
Dabhi J K;Solanki J K;Mehta A
014194 Dabhi J K;Solanki J K;Mehta A (L.M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat Univ, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: jayesh@accutestindia.com) : Antiatherosclerotic activity of ibuprofen, a non-selective COX inhibitor-an animal study. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(6), 476-81.
Atherosclerosis being considered as an inflammatory disorder, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, and celecoxib) in hypercholesterolemia. Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitor known to reduce the production of prostaglandins that play prominent role in inflammation. Beside the anti-inflammatory effects that make ibuprofen interesting for the treatment of condition associated with hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. Various other properties of ibuprofen were investigated, ibuprofen showed better reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, very low density lipo-protein, low density lipo-protein and atherogenic index than aspirin and celecoxib in hypercholesterolemic animals. These properties of ibuprofen may be due to inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase initiating the synthesis of fatty acids. Ibuprofen significantly elevated antioxidant (super oxide dismutase; catalase) levels and reduced lipid peroxidation. Ibuprofen inhibits COX enzymes and thereby inhibits generation of free radicals during prostaglandins synthesis, which may be responsible for reduction in lipid peroxidation, super oxide dismutase levels and for high catalase levels. Interestingly, ibuprofen decreased total leukocyte count, monocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels. From the results of present study, it can be concluded that ibuprofen (non-selective COX inhibitor) showed promising antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and non-ulcerogenic activity in atherosclerotic animals as compared to aspirin (preferential COX-1 inhibitor) and celecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitors, suggesting the inducible role of COX in atherosclerosis.
4 tables, 26 ref
Chhabra M;Mittal M;Bhattacharya D;Rana U V S; Lal S
014193 Chhabra M;Mittal M;Bhattacharya D;Rana U V S; Lal S (NO, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, 22, Sham Nath Marg, New Delhi-110 054, Email: malachhabra@yahoo.co.in) : Chikungunya fever: a re-emerging viral infection. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(1), 5-12.
Chikungunya (CH1K) fever is a re-emerging viral disease characterized by abrupt onset of fever with severe arthralgia followed by constitutional symptoms and rash lasting for 1-7 days. The disease is almost self-limiting and rarely fatal. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a RNA virus belonging to family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Molecular characterization has demonstrated two distinct lineages of strains which cause epidemics in Africa and Asia. These geographical genotypes exhibit differences in the transmission cycles. In contrast to Africa where sylvatic cycle is maintained between monkeys and wild mosquitoes, in Asia the cycle continues between humans and the Aedes aegypti mosquito. CHIKV is known to cause epidemics after a period of quiescence. The first recorded epidemic occurred in Tanzania in 1952-1953. In Asia, CHIK activity was documented since its isolation in Bangkok, Thailand in 1958. Virus transmission continued till 1964. After hiatus, the virus activity re-appeared in the mid-1970s and declined by 1976. In India, well-documented outbreaks occurred in 1963 and 1964 in Kolkata and southern India, respectively. Thereafter, a small outbreak of CHIK was reported from Sholapur district, Maharashtra in 1973. CHIKV emerged in the islands of South West Indian Ocean viz. French island of La Reunion, Mayotee, Mauritius and Seychelles which are reporting the outbreak since February, 2005. After quiescence of about three decades, CHIKV re-emerged in India in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu since December, 2005. Cases have also been reported from Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kerala. The outbreak is still continuing. National Institute of Communicable Diseases has conducted epidemiological, entomological and laboratory investigations for confirmation of the outbreak. These have been discussed in detail along with the major challenges that the country faced during the current outbreak.
2 tables, 38 ref
Chawla R;Bhalla P;Bhalla K;Meghachandra Singh M;Garg S
014192 Chawla R;Bhalla P;Bhalla K;Meghachandra Singh M;Garg S (Microbiology Dep, Maulana Azad Medical, BSZ Marg, New Delhi-110 002, Email: rohitchawla_75@hotmail.com) : Community-based study on seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in New Delhi. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(1), 34-9.
Determines the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in two urban communities in Delhi and to correlate the presence of HSV-2 seroprevalence with sociodemographic profile, risk factors and presence of other reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Men and women aged between 15-49 years from an urban slum and an urban middle class colony were invited to participate in the study. They provided interview information; blood for HSV-2, HIV and syphilis serology; first void urine specimens for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection; and genital specimens for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. The prevalence of HSV-2 seropositivity was found to be 7 and 8.6% in men and women, respectively. HSV-2 seropositivity was found to be significantly associated with urban middle class community and older age. No statistically significant correlation was found between HSV-2 seropositivity and other laboratory-confirmed RTIs. The findings of our study indicate a relatively low prevalence of HSV-2 seropositivity and other sexually transmitted infections in the two communities that were studied.
4 tables, 18 ref
Chaube R;Joy K P
014191 Chaube R;Joy K P (Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalaya, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: kpjoy@bhu.ac.in) : In vitro brain tyrosine hydroxylase activation in catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch): seasonal changes in involvement of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and Ca<. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(11), 764-9.
The involvement of cAMP dependent-protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of forebrain (telencephalon and hypothalamus) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was demonstrated during the reproductive seasons of the female catfish H. fossilis. In the concentration studies conducted in prespawning phase, cAMP (0.05 nM, 0.5 nM, 1 mM and 2.0 mM) or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX-0.5-2.OmM) stimulated enzyme activity. Likewise, the incubation of the enzyme preparations with the cAMP dependent-protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (1 and 10 μM) and PKC inhibitor calphostin C (cal C; 1 and 10 μM) inhibited enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner. In seasonal studies, the incubation of the enzyme preparations with cAMP (1 mM), IBMX (1 mM), H-89 (10 μM) and cal-C (10 μM) produced season-dependent effects on enzyme activity. The stimulatory effect of cAMP and IBMX and the inhibitory effect of H-89 and cal C were greater in the resting and spawning phases. The results suggest the involvement of both signal transduction pathways in TH activation vis-a-vis catecholaminergic activity with a more dominant role by the cAMP-PKA pathway.
2 illus, 1 table, 32 ref
Changotra H;Dwivedi A;Nayyar A K;Sehajpal P K
014190 Changotra H;Dwivedi A;Nayyar A K;Sehajpal P K (Microbiology and Immunology Dep, Louisiana State Univ Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA, Email: sehajpalpk@yahoo.com) : Diagnosing different stages of hepatitis B infection using a competitive polymerase chain reaction assay. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(2), 138-42.
Different stages of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be defined by serum HBV DNA levels. This study attempts to (1) investigate serum HBV DNA levels in inactive carriers and patients with chronic HBV (CHB) infection and (2) define cut-off value between inactive carriers and HBeAg (precore antigen of HBV) negative CHB patients in Indian population. One hundred and forty samples encompassing 42 inactive HBsAg carriers and 98 CHB patients (53 HBeAg-positive and 45 HBeAg-negative) were analysed. Serum HBV DNA levels were determined employing an in-house competitive polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) assay. The HBeAg-positive patients were found to have the maximum median HBV DNA load, which was significantly higher than the HBeAg-negative ones (median; 1.25 x 108 vs. 2.30 x 105 copies/mL; P < 0.05). Interestingly, the latter group has significantly higher HBV DNA levels than the inactive carriers (median; 2.30 x 105 vs. 4.28 x 103 copies/mL; P < 0.05). The 2.5 x 104 copies/ml HBV DNA levels were optimal for discriminating CHB patients (HBeAg-negative) from inactive carriers with 75.6 and 78.6% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Despite the extensive overlapping of HBV DNA levels in inactive carriers and HBeAg negative CHB patients, 2.5 x 104 copies/mL is the most favourable cut-off value to classify these individuals and would be imperative in the better management of this dreadful disease.
2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref
Chandra Sekhar V;Surjeet Singh;Leelawati
014189 Chandra Sekhar V;Surjeet Singh;Leelawati (Plant Pathology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Cellulase activity of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) mutants. Res Crop 2007, 8(2), 440-1.
In the present study, the mycelium of the oyster mushroom was exposed to different doses of gamma radiation and analysed for the cellulose activity by dinitrisalicylic acid method. And it was found that even after exposure to varied range of gamma radiation on this mushroom, mutants have similar effect of cellulolytic degrading capacity as that of the parent
1 table, 4 ref
Ceretta R;Paula M M S;Angioletto E;Meier M M; Mitellstadt F G;Pich C T;Junior S A;Angioletto E
014188 Ceretta R;Paula M M S;Angioletto E;Meier M M; Mitellstadt F G;Pich C T;Junior S A;Angioletto E (Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude Av. Universitaria, , 1105 ZIP 88806-000 SC Brazil, Email: mms@unesc.net) : Evaluation of the effectiveness of peracetic acid in the sterilization of dental equipment. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(2), 117-22.
Evaluates the effectiveness of peracetic acid in the microbiological sterilisation of dental materials. Peracetic acid solution was evaluated at concentrations of 800, 1500 and 2500 ppm. At these concentrations, it was determined whether peracetic acid caused corrosion to dental instruments and induced cellular mutagenicity and cytotoxicidity. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), agar diffusion and diffusion by well method, were also verified. The corrosion rate, calculated from potentiodynamic assays was 10-6 cm/year, indicating that the product does not damage equipment. The sterilisation capacity of peracetic acid at 2500 ppm was the best. The comet assay indicated genotoxic activity at 2500 ppm. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of peracetic acid for sterilizing dental equipment, providing another alternative for the prevention of infections in clinics.
2 tables, 14 ref
Boskabady M H;Keyhanmanesh R;Ebrahimi Saadatloo M A
014187 Boskabady M H;Keyhanmanesh R;Ebrahimi Saadatloo M A (Physiology and Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants Dep, Mashhad Univ of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran, Email: boskabadymh@mums.ac.ir) : Relaxant effects of different fractions from Nigella sativa L. on guinea pig tracheal chains and its possible mechanism(s). Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(12), 805-10.
The relaxant effects of four cumulative concentrations of n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous fractions of N. sativa (0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 g%) in comparison with saline as negative control and four cumulative concentrations of theophylline (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mM) were examined by their relaxant effects on precontracted tracheal chains of guinea pig by 60 mA/KC1 (group 1) and 10 μM methacholine (group 2). In group 1, all concentrations of only theophylline showed significant relaxant effects. However, in group 2, all concentrations of theophylline and methanol fraction, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 g% concentrations of dichloromethane and 1.2 and 2.0 g% concentrations of n-hexane fractions showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline. In addition, in group 1, the relaxant effect of most concentrations of all fractions except the low concentration (0.8 g%) of dichloromethane and methanol fraction were significantly less than those of theophylline. The relaxant effect of different concentrations of methanol and dichloromethane fraction and 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 g% concentrations of n-hexane fraction were significantly greater in group 2 compared to group 1 experiments. There were significant positive correlations between the relaxant effects and concentrations for all fractions (except aqueous fraction) in group 2 and for theophylline in both groups but a negative correlation for n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol fractions in group 1. The results showed relaxant effect of most fractions from N. sativa on tracheal chains of guinea pigs which was more potent for methanol and dichloromethane fractions.
2 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref
Bhattacharjee K;Das S K
014186 Bhattacharjee K;Das S K (Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Dep of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, 8, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road, Kolkata-700 013, Email: sanjibkrd@yahoo.com) : Surface morphology of immunocompetent cells isolated from spleen of Bufo himalayanus (Gunther). Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(3), 191-5.
Immunocompetent cells were isolated from spleen of B. himalayanus and studied surface morphology of the three different cell types - (i) plastic adherent; (ii) nylon wool adherent; and (iii) nylon wool non-adherent cells. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, they resembled the macrophages, B and T cells, respectively. Presence of such cell types indicated that Bufo himalayanus possessed a well-organized immune system. Further work is needed to characterize the functional efficacy of these immunocompetent cells found in B. himalayanus.
3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
Bhattacharjee A;Anupurba S;Gaur A;Sen M R
014185 Bhattacharjee A;Anupurba S;Gaur A;Sen M R (Microbiology Dep, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Banaras Hindu Univ (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, Email: ab_0404@rediffmail.com) : Prevalence of inducible ampC β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(1), 89-90.
1 table, 5 ref
Bhatt K;Sarma A;Thaker V
014184 Bhatt K;Sarma A;Thaker V (Biosciences Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot-360 005, Email: vrindathaker@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of <. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(9), 673-6.
Influence of radiation doses (7Li) on cellular metabolism, specially endogenous hormonal level, was studied in monolayer of cotton fibers. Changes in endogenous phytohormone level were determined with two different fluences of 7Li equivalent to radiation doses of 1 Gy and 4 Gy. To estimate the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phenoxy acetic acid (PAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels, indirect ELISA was performed with the help of antibodies raised against each hormone. In samples at later stage, dose dependent response was apparent in PAA. Results showed that in vivo content of each hormone increased with radiation treatment except ABA.
1 illus, 16 ref
Bhandari U;Ansari M N
014183 Bhandari U;Ansari M N (Pharmacology Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard Univ, New Delhi-110 062, Email: uma_bora@hotmail.com) : Antihyperglycaemic activity of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes burm in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(8), 607-13.
Forty days of orally feeding the aqueous E. ribes extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) to streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, iv, single dose) induced diabetic rats produced significant decrease in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, blood glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and increase in blood glutathione levels as compared to pathogenic diabetic rats. Further, the extract significantly decreased the levels of pancreatic lipid peroxides and increased the levels of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. The results suggest that aqueous E. ribes extract exhibits a significant blood glucose and blood pressure lowering potential. Further, it enhances endogenous antioxidant defense against free radicals produced under hyperglycaemic conditions, thereby, seemingly protects the pancreatic β-cells against loss in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
1 illus, 3 tables, 43 ref
Bhalke R D;Mandole Y P;Mali N B
014182 Bhalke R D;Mandole Y P;Mali N B (Pharmaognosy Dep, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopergaon-423 603) : Effect of various extracts of Argemone mexicana (Papaveraceae) stem on clonidine and haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 121-6.
Study reports the anti-cataleptic activity of stems of Argemone mexicana Linn. as the drug is traditionally used as antiasthamatic. For induction of catalapsy, clonidine and haloperidol were used. Amongst all the extracts at 50 mg/kg, i.p. and standard drug pheniramine maleate at 10 mg/kg, i.p. only aqueous extract (50 mg/kg, i.p.) of stem significantly inhibited clonidine-induced catalepsy and haloperidol induced-catalepsy. It may be concluded that antihistaminic activity may be due to polar constituents of Argemone mexicana.
2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref
Barua P;Hazarika N K;Barua N;Rasul E;Laskar N
014181 Barua P;Hazarika N K;Barua N;Rasul E;Laskar N (NO, Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh, Email: purnima_barua@rediffmail.com) : Microscopy for cryptosporidiosis screening in remote areas. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(2), 203-4.
1 table, 5 ref
Baby Padmini S;Appala Raju B;Mani K R
014180 Baby Padmini S;Appala Raju B;Mani K R (School of Biotechnology, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: padmiraja@yahoo.com) : Detection of Enterobacteriaceae producing CTX-M extended spectrum β-lactamases from a tertiary care hospital in South India. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(2), 163-6.
Total of 23 clinical isolates (15 Escherichia coli and 8 Klebsiellapneumoniae), resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime recovered during 2002 and 2003, were investigated for production of CTX-M extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) by phenotypic and molecular methods. The presence of ESBL was tested by NCCLS phenotypic confirmatory test using cephalosporin/clavulanate combination discs and E-test ESBL strips. Determination of MIC of cefotaxime and ceftazidime was done with and without the presence of clavulanic acid by agar dilution technique. Polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of CTX-M type ESBLs in 19 isolates. Further sequencing resulted in identification of CTX-M-15 ESBLs. This is the first report identifying CTX-M type ESBL from clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from a tertiary care hospital in south India.
^ssc1 table, 13 ref
Arora U;Kaur S;Devi P
014179 Arora U;Kaur S;Devi P (Microbiology Dep, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Email: ushar_ora@yahoo.co.in) : Ochrobactrum anthropi Septicaemia. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(1), 81-3.
Ochrobactrum anthropi is an emerging opportunist pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of septicaemia due to O. anthropi in an elderly male patient with coronary artery disease with severe left ventricular dysfunction admitted in the Intensive coronary care unit. Following intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) insertion, the patient developed a haematoma at the local site, which led to septicaemia. In spite of intensive treatment, the condition of the patient continued to deteriorate and he died on the seventh day. This infection with the microbiological characteristics useful for identification of the organism is described.
^ccr6 ref
Anil Kumar;Goyal R
014178 Anil Kumar;Goyal R (Pharmacology Div, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: kumaruips@yahoo.com) : Gabapentin attenuates acute hypoxic stress-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative damage in mice: possible involvement of GABAergic mechanism. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(3), 159-63.
Effect of gabapentin has been investigated on acute hypoxic stress-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative damage in mice. Mice were subjected to hypoxia for 2 hr. Treatment with gabapentin (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly increased ambulatory movements, exerted anti-anxiety like effect and reduced oxidative damage in mice subjected to acute hypoxic stress. Treatment with picrotoxin (1.0 mg/kg) per se had no significant effect on behavioral and biochemical parameters of stressed mice. Treatment with muscimol (0.05 mg/kg) per se significantly increased the locomotor activity of stressed mice, exerted significant anti anxiety effect and significantly reduced the oxidative damage. Further, pretreatment with picrotoxin (1.0 mg/kg) significantly blocked whereas pretreatment with muscimol (0.05 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the neuroprotective effect of gabapentin. These results suggest that gabapentin produces its neuroprotective effect in mice subjected to acute hypoxic stress through GABAA receptor mechanism.
1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
Alfaresi M;Elkoush A
014177 Alfaresi M;Elkoush A (Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep, Microbiology Div, , Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Email: uaenow@emirates.net.ae) : West nile virus in the blood donors in UAE. Indian J med Microbiol 2008, 26(1), 92-3.
5 ref
Ahirrao R A;Borse L B;Pawar S P;Rane B R; Desai S G;Alagawadi K R
014176 Ahirrao R A;Borse L B;Pawar S P;Rane B R; Desai S G;Alagawadi K R (NO, P. S. G. V. P. M's College of Pharmacy, Shahada, Dist-Nandurbar, Maharashtra) : Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Corchorus trilocularis Linn. seed oil.. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 117-20.
Anti-inflammatory activity of petroleum ether extract of Corchorus trilocularis Linn, seed oil was determined in carrageenan induced rat paw edema. The result indicates that petroleum ether extract of seed oil of Corchorus trilocularis Linn, inhibited rat paw edema significantly (p<0.01) as compared to standard drug Aspirin (p<0.01) and untreated control group.
1 table, 12 ref
Zailani A H;Balogun E A;Adebayo J O
013262 Zailani A H;Balogun E A;Adebayo J O (Biochemistry Dep, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria) : Ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum violaceum Gurke leaves enhances kidney function in mouse model of malaria. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(5), 349-54.
Evaluation of the effects of daily oral administration of ethanolic extract of C. violaceum leaves (13 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days on some kidney function indices of uninfected and Plasmodium berghei-infected mice was done on days 3, 8 and 14 post-infection. The indices studied include serum urea and creatinine concentrations with the specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the kidney. Treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with ethanolic extract of C. violaceum leaves (13 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days was able to ameliorate significantly the alterations in the various parameters observed in infected untreated mice, comparing favourably with chloroquine treatment in most cases. Administration of extract to uninfected mice had no significant effect on both serum and kidney parameters compared to the uninfected control. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of C. violaceum leaves does not adversely affect kidney function at the dose used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria but rather enhances it.
Yadav A S;Surender Singh;Sharma M K;Arora P
013261 Yadav A S;Surender Singh;Sharma M K;Arora P (Human Genetics Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: abyzkuk@gmail.com) : Occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in human populations of two endogamous groups of Haryana. Int J Hum Genet 2008, 8(4), 343-8.
Cytogenetic assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PEL) have been done to assess the incidences of chromosomal aberrations among Meos and Sunni Muslims of Haryana. Baseline frequencies of chromosome aberrations (CA) were assessed in 28 subjects from each cast. The mean frequency of chromosomal gaps in Meos was found to be 0.786 ± 0.686 and the frequency of chromosomal break was 0.429 ± 0.504. Mean frequency of the satellite association in Meos was found to be 1.357 ± 1.821. Among the Sunni Muslims the mean frequency of chromosomal gaps was found to be 1.250 ±0.701 and the frequency of chromosomal breaks was 0.643 ñ 0.488. Mean frequency of satellite in Sunni Muslims was found to be 1.250 ± 1.435. Statistically non-significant differences were observed for the gaps, break and satellite associations, whereas values for total aberrations were found to be statistically significant among Meos and Sunni Muslims. The mean values for chromosomal aberrations and satellite associations were higher in Sunni Muslims (1.893) than in Meos (1.214).
4 tables, 63 ref
Yadav A S;Sharma M K
013260 Yadav A S;Sharma M K (Human Genetics Unit, Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, , Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: abyzkuk@gmail.com) : Ultra violet -B induced DNA damage in human leucocyte cells. Int J Hum Genet 2008, 8(3), 291-4.
The Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) Assay also known as Comet Assay is a rapid, simple and visual technique for assessing DNA damage in individual cells. Effect of UV-B was studied by irradiating human leucocytes. Irradiation of leucocyte increases the DNA instability, which can be assessed by Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay. The blood samples were exposed to UV-B radiation for various time period and a correlation was found out between length of the comet tail and time period of exposure to UV radiation. The UV-B irradiation showed clear-cut dose effect relationship. It was observed that with the increase in time of exposure to radiation, the mean tail length also increased.
3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref
Yadav A B;Sharma R;Muttil P;Singh A K;Verma R K;Mradul Mohan;Patel S K;Misra A
013259 Yadav A B;Sharma R;Muttil P;Singh A K;Verma R K;Mradul Mohan;Patel S K;Misra A (Pharmaceutics Div, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001) : Inhalable microparticles containing isoniazid and rifabutin target macrophages and 'stimulate the phagocyte' to achieve high efficacy. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(6), 469-74.
Macrophage responses to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and treatment with soluble isoniazid (INH) plus rifabutin (RFB) versus microparticles containing equivalent amounts of drugs were compared. It was investigated whether macrophages driven to alternative activation upon infection with MTB could be rescued to display the classical activation phenotype. It was established that microparticles sustain high levels of drugs in cytosol of macrophages for longer period as compared to soluble drugs. Microparticles co-localized with intracellular bacteria, and induced a variety of innate bactericidal responses, including induction of free radicals, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. The data strongly suggest that additional benefit may be derived from the nature of the drug delivery system, which fulfils Koch's dictum 'stimulate the phagocyte' for curing tuberculosis.
Winters C
013258 Winters C (NO, Uthman dan Fodio Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60642, USA, Email: c-winters@govst.edu) : Origin and spread of dravidian speakers. Int J Hum Genet 2008, 8(4), 325-9.
Some Researchers argue that there should be more cooperation between anthropologist and population geneticists due to the confounding variables that can influence patterns of interaction between populations and population structure generally, which are usually unknown by molecular biologists who know only the molecular evidence. They argue that the absence of cooperation between these groups may be the cause of disparity between the dates for Indian haplogroups among different population geneticists and interpretations of Indian populations. For example, many researchers claim that the Indian M haplogroup originated in situ among Dravidian speakers, because haplogroup Ml is only found in East Africa. Using molecular evidence we find that Ml is not isolated in East Africa. The molecular evidence indicates that Ml is spread across Sub-Saharan Africa, Arabia/Yemen and is even found in India; while the Indian haplogroup M3 is found on the Horn of Africa, Arabia/Yemen, and Iran along a migration path to South India, which is congruent with anthropological, linguistic and archaeological evidence that suggest a recent African origin for the Dravidian speakers in Nubia.
1 illus, 43 ref
Vrushabendra Swamy B M;Jayaveera K N
013257 Vrushabendra Swamy B M;Jayaveera K N (NO, Srinivasa Institute of Pharmaceutical, Sri Chowdeswari Nagar, Peddasetty, Palli, Proddadur-516 361, Email: vrushabendra@gmail.com) : Hepatoprotective activity of Momordica cymbalaria Hook. F against paracetamol induced hepatic injury in rats. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 850-6.
Methanolic extract of Momordica cymbalaria Hook. F. (MEMC) was studied against paracetamol induced hepatitis in rats. Alteration in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic damage like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, bilirubin, cholesterol, HDL, tissue GSH and lipid peroxidation were tested in both; treated and untreated groups. Pre-treatment with MEMC reduced biochemical markers of hepatic injury like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, bilirubin, cholesterol and lipid peroxide levels and increased HDL, GSH levels. Treatment with MEMC (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) has brought back the altered levels of biochemical markers to the near normal levels in the dose dependent manner. A significant hepatoprotective activity of the methanol extract of Momordica cymbalaria has been reported.
2 tables, 16 ref
Vora S R;Patil R B;Pillai M M
013256 Vora S R;Patil R B;Pillai M M (Zoology Dep, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004) : Protective effects of Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman ex A. W. Hill leaf extract on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in mouse brain. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(5), 338-42.
With an aim to examine the effect of ethanolic extract of P. crispum (Parsley) leaves on the D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in the brain of mouse, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) involved in oxygen radical (OR)-detoxification and antiperoxidative defense were measured in conjunction with an index of lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial fraction of various regions of the mouse brain. A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in D-galactose-stressed mice, while catalase activity was increased. Treatment of D-galactose-stressed mice with the ethanolic extract of P. crispum showed protection against the induced oxidative stress in brain regions. Concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive product was greatly elevated in D-galactose stress-induced mice and was significantly reduced in the brain regions of these mice upon treatment with P. crispum. It is postulated that parsley shows a protective effect against mitochondrial oxidative damage in the mouse brain.
Vimala H;Naik P R;Chandavar V R
013255 Vimala H;Naik P R;Chandavar V R (Zoology Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: vimala_sl@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes on body weight and biochemical parameters in experimentally-induced diabetes in Wistar rat. Biomedicine 2008, 28(3), 184-9.
Natural products, including plants and minerals have been the basis of treatment of human diseases. Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (knol khol) of the family Cruciferaceae possess antidiabetic property. In the investigation its antidiabetic potency was tested on the serum insulin level in experimental diabetes in Wistar rats. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of raw knol khol juice (KKJ) for 15 consecutive days in Alloxan induced (ALX 150 mg/kg b.w. i.p) diabetic rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Group-I served as control, group-II as plant extract control group (Nondiabetic+KKJ), group-Ill Diabetic group and group-IV diabetic rats treated with KKJ (Diabetic+KKJ). B. oleracea var. gongylodes with the concentration of 20 g/kg b.w. Group-IV animals restored the body weight gain. Homeostasis of serum glucose and serum cholesterol level was established. There was significant increase in the serum insulin level compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). Histological study revealed the recovery of the damaged islets and also even distribution of the islet cells like that of control sections. Results demonstrated that the treatment of B. oleracea var. gongylodes to diabetic rats had a therapeutic efficacy in recovering type-I diabetes in Wistar rats.
3 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref
Venkatesh D;Prashanth Kumar M
013254 Venkatesh D;Prashanth Kumar M (Physiology Dep, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, MSRIT post, Bangalore-560 054, Email: venkatesh40@gmail.com) : Functions of nitric oxide: revisited. Biomedicine 2008, 28(3), 156-62.
Nitric oxide (NO) is called a vital-poison. The right amount of NO is essential for life, but too much or too little can be disastrous. NO is one of the smallest molecules found in biological systems. It is a short-lived, endogenously produced gas that acts as a signaling molecule in the body. Signal transmission by a gas, produced by one cell, which penetrates membranes and regulates the function of other cells is an entirely new concept of signaling in the human beings. There is little doubt that NO is essential to the everyday activities of many cells and tissues in the body. Therefore, any pathology in production of NO in the body can lead to many diseases. This article reviews the influence of NO on the functions of different systems of the body.
^iia49 ref
Vakhlu J;Sudan A K;Johri B N
013253 Vakhlu J;Sudan A K;Johri B N (Biotechnology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006, Email: jyotivakhlu@gmail.com) : Metagenomics: future of microbial gene mining. Indian J Microbiol 2008, 48(2), 202-15.
Modern biotechnology has a steadily increasing demand for novel genes for application in various industrial processes and development of genetically modified organisms. Identification, isolation and cloning for novel genes at a reasonable pace is the main driving force behind the development of unprecedented experimental approaches. Metagenomics is one such novel approach for engendering novel genes. Metagenomics of complex microbial communities (both cultivable and uncultivable) is a rich source of novel genes for biotechnological purposes. The contributions made by metagenornics to the already existing repository of prokaryotic genes is quite impressive but nevertheless, this technique is still in its infancy. In the review we have drawn comparison between routine cloning techniques and metagenomic approach for harvesting novel microbial genes and described various methods to reach down to the specific genes in the metagenomc. Accomplishments made thus far, limitations and future prospects of this resourceful technique are discussed.
^iia1 illus, 2 tables, 97 ref
Usha Kumari;Bhat G K
013252 Usha Kumari;Bhat G K (Physiology Dep, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Univ, Manipal-576 104, Email: ushaharischandran@yahoo.co.in) : Sensitivity of lymphocytes of patients with fibroadenoma and breast cancer to gamma-rays as evaluated by chromosomal aberrations. Int J Hum Genet 2008, 8(4), 351-6.
Radiosensitivity as determined by chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of patients suffering from fibroadenoma (n=31) and breast cancer (n=41) and was compared with the data from those of healthy individuals (n=10). Lymphocytes from healthy control set of individuals were exposed at G0 stage to different doses (0.5 Gy, 1.0 Gy, 2.0 Gy and 4.0 Gy) of y-rays. As over 60% cells remained viable at a dose of 2 Gy, this dose was selected for further experimentation. Lymphocytes were cultured for 48 hours to obtain data from first mitotic metaphases. Frequencies of chromosomal aberrations namely acentric fragments, double minutes, dicentrics and rings were recorded. Lymphocytes of patients with fibroadenoma or breast cancer exhibited higher radiation sensitivity compared to lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Lymphocytes of patients with different stages of breast cancer showed an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations from stage I to IV.
8 tables, 24 ref
Uma Masheswari T N;Gnanasundaram N
013251 Uma Masheswari T N;Gnanasundaram N (Oral Medicine & Radiology Dep, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Univ, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: samsimahe@yahoo.com) : Hurler syndrome. Biomedicine 2008, 28(4), 313-14.
Getrud Hurler was the first person who described the case of Hurler syndrome in 1919. Children with these disorders are missing an enzyme called - L iduronidase which is essential for breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the body. Intracellular accumulation of GAG causes progressive multiorgan failure resulting in death. Case report of Hurler syndrome with characteristic oral and extra oral clinical findings to emphasis the significance of thorough clinical knowledge of these disorders to diagnose and manage such cases at an earlier stage.
^ccr2 illus, 5 ref
Uma Maheshwari A;Jaswanth A;Arunkumar A;Surya Prabha D;Punitha S;Vedha Hari B N
013250 Uma Maheshwari A;Jaswanth A;Arunkumar A;Surya Prabha D;Punitha S;Vedha Hari B N (Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology Dep, Bharathidasan Institute, Anna Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: aumph12@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of antiulcer effects of seeds extract of Annona reticulata. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 903-7.
The effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Annona reticulata, was investigated in rats to evaluate antiulcer activity by using pyloric ligation ulcer model and the phytochemical studies were also carried out. The parameters taken for antiulcer activity were the total gastric volume secretion, total acidity, pH and ulcer index. Ethanolic extract of seeds of Annona reticulata significantly (p < 0.001) decreased gastric volume secretion (2.1 mL), total acidity (92 meq/L/100 g), and ulcer index (33.4).
1 table, 10 ref
Tyub S;Reshi Z
013249 Tyub S;Reshi Z (Botany Dep, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar-190 006, Email: zreshi@yahoo.com) : Decomposition of mixed litter in a Kashmir Himalayan grassland. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2008, 34(1), 19-28.
Because of being a key process in nutrient and carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, decomposition of mixed litter in Kashmir Himalayan grassland was studied in relation to various biotic and abiotic factors. Litter decomposition rate was significantly higher in buried litter bags irrespective of their mesh size. Using the negative exponential model of litter breakdown, the decomposition constant (k) varied from -0.005 to -0.010 d-1 depending upon the placement (either on soil surface or buried into the soil) and mesh size of litter bags. Soil microbes, particularly saprophytic fungi, were of significance in the decomposition of mixed litter. The relationships between litter decomposition and some biotic and climatic factors examined through use of Pearson's correlation and stepwise regression analyses revealed that soil temperature together with soil fungi explained significant proportion of the variability in the mass loss of litter during the study period.
1 illus, 7 tables, 63 ref
Tayung K;Rath C C
013248 Tayung K;Rath C C (P.G. Dep of Botany, North Orissa Univ, Takatpur, Baripada-757 003, Email: kumanandnou@yahoo.com) : Antibacterial activity of eagle wood tree (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) essential oil against human pathogens. Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(3), 40-2.
Antimicrobial activity of essentials oils hydrodistilled from healthy and fungi infected eagle wood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) was tested against two Gram positive and four Gram negative human pathogens, as Staphylocococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculae and Escherichia coli. All the pathogens showed 100% susceptibility towards both the oils through agar cup method. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both the oils ranged from < 1.0 to 12.5 μL/ml. Lower MIC value were recorded against Gram negative pathogens. The oil from fungi infected and healthy trees showed MIC of < 1.0 μL/ml against two (33%) and one (16.5%) of the test pathogens respectively. The oil from fungi infected tree showed better antibacterial activity in comparison to the oil from healthy tree.
2 tables, 16 ref
Surekha D;Vishnupriya S;Sailaja K;Nageswara Rao D;Raghunadharao D
013247 Surekha D;Vishnupriya S;Sailaja K;Nageswara Rao D;Raghunadharao D (Genetics Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: drsttivishnupriya@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism on the risk for breast cancer. Int J Hum Genet 2008, 8(3), 277-82.
Apolipoprotein E (APO E) is a polymorphic gene involved in lipid metabolism with three common alleles ε2. ε3 and ε4.The ε4 allcle has been associated with elevated levels of cholesterol as well as greater risk for coronary heart disease and Alzheimer's disease. In the study 1 10 cases of breast cancer and control were studied for APOE genotype distribution using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique. Significant association of APOE 3/4 with breast cancer (17.3%) was observed. Higher frequency of Breast cancer patients with steroid hormone receptor positive status (18%) were found to be of 3/4 genotype. The elevation in 3/4 genotype frequencies was also found in premenopausai group (21.6%) and in patients with advanced tumor (77.7%). Body mass index (BMI) and familial incidence did not show association with APOE genotype. The results suggest the influence of APOE genotype on development of breast cancer.
1 illus, 6 tables, 29 ref
Sultana S;Prasad L;Jahangir T
013246 Sultana S;Prasad L;Jahangir T (Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology, Medical Elementol, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110 062) : Luteolin ameliorates ferric nitrilotriacetic acid induced renal toxicity and tumor promotional response in rat. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(5), 355-60.
Ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (Fe-NTA) (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, ip) caused significant depletion in the detoxification and antioxidant enzyme armory with concomitant elevation in renal lipidperoxidation, serum toxicity markers viz. creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hydrogen peroxide generation, ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H] thymidine incorporation into renal DNA in wistar rats. However, pretreatment of animals with luteolin (10 and 20 μmol/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive days resulted in significant decrease in above parameters level. Renal glutathione content, glutathione metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level. The enhanced reduced glutathione level and enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism and maintaining antioxidant status of cells is suggestive of a chemopreventive efficacy of luteolin against Fe-NTA mediated oxidative stress, toxicity and cell proliferation response in rats.
Sugawara I;Zhang J;Li C
013245 Sugawara I;Zhang J;Li C (Mycobacterial Reference Center, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-0022, Japan) : Cross-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates among streptomycin, kanamycin and amikacin. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(6), 520-2.
Seventy-four streptomycin (SM)-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were subjected to cross-resistance drug testing against two major aminoglycosides, kanamycin (KM) and amikacin (AMK). Among them, 15 clinical isolates (20.3%) were resistant to both KM and AMK. Fifteen (80%) of 19 KM-resistant isolates were AMK-resistant. Fifteen SM, KM, and AMK resistant isolates harbored rrs mutation, but only two had rrs and rpsL double mutations. Low-level SM resistance was associated with rpsL mutation, whereas high-level SM resistance was linked to rrs mutation.
Sudha S;Sangeetha R
013244 Sudha S;Sangeetha R (NO, Karpagam Arts & Science College, Coimbatore-641 021) : Determination of chromosomal aberrations in petrol pump workers. Res Highlight 2008, 18(3), 158-62.
2 tables, 5 ref
Subramanian S;Madhavadas S;Balasubramanian P
013243 Subramanian S;Madhavadas S;Balasubramanian P (Neurochemistry Dep, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore-560 029) : Influence of conformational antibodies on dissociation of fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ1-42) in vitro. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(5), 309-13.
Many neurodegenerative diseases result due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins as amyloid fibrils. Although the protein components of these fibrils from different disease states differ considerably, they appear to share common structure. Among these conformational disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases exhibit significant overlap in their mechanism of pathogenesis. The present report demonstrates that antibodies directed against the prion protein repeat motif, Tyr-Tyr-Arg motif, recognize recombinantly expressed human amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, these antibodies dissociate the preformed aggregates of Aβ in vitro. These findings illustrate an important property of conformation dependent antibodies viz., they specifically recognize the protein deposits associated with pathology and not the protein in normal tissue. These antibodies may benefit the development of approaches towards prevention and treatment of protein misfolding diseases.
Smiline Girija A S;Hariprasad G;Vijayashree Priyadharsini J;Pandi Suba K;Raghuraman R;Gnanavendhan S G
013242 Smiline Girija A S;Hariprasad G;Vijayashree Priyadharsini J;Pandi Suba K;Raghuraman R;Gnanavendhan S G (Microbiology Dep, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Univ, Madhuravoyal, Chennai-600 095, Email: smiline_girija@yahoo.co.in) : Antimicrobial potential of Loligo duvauceli ink against the common clinical bacterial & yeast isolates. Biomedicine 2008, 28(3), 213-15.
Emergence of drug resistance by the pathogenic microorganisms is a major challenge to the clinicians. The ink excreted by the mollusk has been of great interest as it has been reported to possess various biological properties. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the antimicrobial potential of Loligo duvauceli ink against the common clinical bacterial and yeast isolates. Fresh squids (Loligo duvauceli) were procured and dissected. The fresh ink was ejected from the ink sacs and was immediately added to various polar and non-polar solvents for extraction of the active components. The separation was done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The extracts were then evaporated and checked for its antimicrobial potential using conventional agar well diffusion technique. The hexane extract showed an average zone of inhibition of 15 mm against the commonest clinical isolates and 16 mm against the yeast at 5 mg/ml concentration. The ink from Loligo duvauceli shows promising antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
1 table, 14 ref
Singh V;Tiwari S C;Saxena S
013241 Singh V;Tiwari S C;Saxena S (Microbiology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Srinagar, Email: virender_micro83@yahoo.co.in) : Antimicrobial activity of ESBL producing Proteus in UTI patients of Doon valley. Biomedicine 2008, 28(4), 310-12.
The objective of the study is to find out the prevalence and antibacterial activity of extended spectrum a lactamase producing Proteus in UTI patients of Doon Valley. In the study a total of 192 consecutive Proteus were recovered in 640 urine samples of UTI patients, 83 isolates were ESBL producers and 109 isolates were non ESBL producers. The prevalence and antibacterial activity of ESBL producing Proteus in urine samples of UTI patients was detected by Kirby Bauer and Double disc diffusion method, on Muller Hinton Agar. The prevalence of extended spectrum a-lactamase producing Proteus in urine samples was 13%. Study showed that ESBL production was high among uropathogens. Hence the routine ESBL testing for uropathogens along with conventional antibiogram would be useful for all cases of UTI and Amikacin was found to be the drug of choice for treatment of UTI patients.
^ssc1 table, 12 ref
Singh K;Elhence P;Jyoti Kumar;Mukesh Kumar; Gaur N
013240 Singh K;Elhence P;Jyoti Kumar;Mukesh Kumar; Gaur N (Physiology Dep, Subharti Medical College, Meerut-250 002, Email: singhkiran15@yahoo.co.in) : Association between ABO blood groups and coagulation in healthy young adults: a prospective study. Biomedicine 2008, 28(3), 210-12.
Various studies have reported that blood of persons with groups A, B and AB clots more readily than group O. The study aimed to investigate possible association between ABO blood groups (O vs. non-O).and coagulation in healthy young adults. The subjects were 120 male medical students of different blood groups: O (n=45), A (n=25), B (n=40) and AB (n=10) aged 18-21 years. The parameters studied included blood group, bleeding time, platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Our result shows lower coagulability in O group individuals when compared with non-O group. It is concluded that due to hypercoagulability, the persons with blood groups A, B and AB might be at higher risk for future thrombotic and heart disease in comparisons with persons of O group.
^ssc2 tables, 18 ref
Singh A V;Singh S V;Sohal J S;Singh P K
013239 Singh A V;Singh S V;Sohal J S;Singh P K (NO, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura-281 122) : Comparative potential of modified indigenous, indigenous and commercial ELISA kits for diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in goat and sheep. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(5), 379-82.
Modified indigenous ELISA kit (kit 1) was compared with indigenous ELISA kit (kit 2) and commercial ELISA kit (kit 3) for its sensitivity and specificity with respect to faecal culture for diagnosis of Johne's disease in goats and sheep under natural conditions. Of the 64 positive animals, serum of 42.1, 48.4 and 18.7% animals yielded positive infection in kit 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Specificity of kit 1 (95.1%) was maximum followed by kit 3 (93.7%) and kit 2 (83.4%). Kit 1 showed superior diagnostic potential than the other two kits. Kit 1 may be used as single screening test regimen for diagnosis of MAP infection in the population of goats and sheep in India.
Sharma U;Singh S
013238 Sharma U;Singh S (Clinical Microbiology Div, Laboratory Medicine Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110 029) : Immunobiology of leishmaniasis. Indian J expl Biol 2009, 47(6), 412-23.
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by various species of Leishmania, a unicellular kinetoplastid protozoan flagellate. It manifests mainly in 3 clinical forms; visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), of which VL is the most severe form of the disease. VL is lethal if untreated and spontaneous cure is extremely rare. Cutaneous leishmaniasis usually has milder course and often results into a self-healing of ulcers. Resolution of leishmanial infection is dependent on the coordinated interactions between components of cell mediated immune response, specifically the activation of targeted T-cell populations for appropriate cytokine production and activation of macrophages. In murine model, the development of Th1 response is associated with control of infection, and Th2 response is associated with disease progression. However, Thl and Th2 dichotomy in the human system is not as distinct as in mice and the murine model does not strictly apply to human leishmaniasis. This review focuses the dichotomy of immune response against various clinical forms of the disease. An in-depth knowledge of sequences involved in the immune response to the parasite would help in designing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis.