047353   GUPTA V, KANT V, SHARMA M (Chemistry Dep, Univ of Jammu, Jammu, (J&K) - 180 006, Email: vijayta1gupta@gmail.com) : Synthesis and in vitro assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles for their antioxidant and antibacterial potentials . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 124 - 33.

Nanoparticles have emerged as wonders of medicine. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have received much attention and are in the forefront of research. In present study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical method and they were in vitro evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. The suspension of different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated for different parameters on day 1, 30 and 60 after its preparations. The average size of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized in this study was in the range of 73 - 87 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.578. ZnO nanoparticles scavenge different in vitro free radicals (ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide) in concentration dependent manner. The percent inhibitions and IC50 values of ZnO nanoparticles against free radicals were more and less, respectively on day 1 as compared to day 30 and 60. The antioxidant and antibacterial actions of ZnO nanoparticles suspensions was lower on day 60 as compared to day 1. MIC and MBC values of ZnO nanoparticles on day 1 against S. aureus were 8.0 and 64.0 ?g/ml, respectively. MIC and MBC values of ZnO nanoparticles on day 1 against E. coli were 32.0 and 256.0 mg/ml, respectively. MIC and MBC values against both bacterial strains were increased on storage of ZnO nanoparticles for 60 days. In conclusions, the use of ZnO nanoparticles can be extended in the field of Veterinary sciences, Medical sciences, agriculture, food sciences, tap water and wastewater disinfection etc. to counter the diseases/disorders/problems associated with free radicals and bacteria.

4 illus, 2 tables, 51 ref

047352   GUPTA V, PRASAD R, SINGH P, KANT V, KUMAR P, SHARMA M (Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Birsa Agricultural Univ, Ranchi, Email: drrajuprasad@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles and their cutaneous wound healing potential . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 188 - 94.

The remarkable financial burden and social impact due to impaired wound healing is forcing the research towards the development of newer drugs or formulations to accelerate the healing. In present study, effects of topical application of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were evaluated in cutaneous wound healing in rats. One square shaped open excision wound (approximately 400 mm2) was created on the back of fifteen rats and rats were equally divided into three groups viz. Group I, II and III. Ointment base, bulk CuO (0.3 %) and CuO nanoparticles (0.3 %) were topically applied on wounds of rats of group I, II and III, respectively for 15 days.The CuO nanoparticles treated group showed significant smaller wound area and increased per cent wound contraction on day 5, 10 and 15 post - wounding in comparison to control group. Histopathologically, wounds treated with CuO nanoparticles has decreased fibroblast number, decreased number of capillaries and compact collagen arranged in well - organized manner and orientation. The regeneration of epithelial layer covering more area of healing tissue was only evident in the CuO nanoparticles treated group. The overall wound maturity score was more evident in the CuO nanoparticles treated group as compared to other groups. In conclusion, topical application of CuO nanoparticles (0.3 %) has pronounced healing potential than its bulk form and its applications may be extended to complicated wounds.

3 illus, 27 ref

047302   KOCHHAR S R, URKUDE R, GUNJATE J K (Chemistry Dep, Nagpur Institute of Technology, Nagpur) : Assessing pesticidal formulation for lambda - cyhalothrin content. Bioinfolet 2020, 17 (3 B), 483 - 4.

Regular quality control of pesticide is essential to ensure purity of active ingredient in the formulation as claimed on the label of the container. In the present study , two samples of 5 per cent commercially available Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulations of synthetic pyrethroid insecticide lambda - cyhalothrin were tested for the concentration of active ingredient as per Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) specifications. It was observed that the active ingredient content was within the range 5.06 and 5.22 per cent, as against 4.75 to 5.50 per cent, specified by BIS. Thus the estimated concentration of lambda - cyhalothrin in the formulation was more or nearly equal to the standard requirement of 5 % as claimed on the label of the container.

3 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

047298   SAHARE A B, GHARDE B D (Chemistry Dep, Amravati's Science Coll, Bhandara, Maharashatra) : Adsorption of Hg and Pb on bio - adsorbent prepared from roots of Mangifera Indica. Bioinfolet 2020, 17 (3 B), 467 - 70.

Adsorption of Hg and Pb from aqueous phase on the bio - adsorbent prepared from the roots of Mangifera indica was studied, under various conditions like pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, doses of adsorbent and temperature. The bio - adsorbent had good adsorption capacity for both of the heavy metals at pH 5 and 6, with optimum contact time of about 75 minutes at low concentrations. The extent of adsorption was found to be inversely proportional to the temperature and increased with the doses of bio - adsorbent, which was found to be efficient in adsorption of toxic metal ions of Hg and Pb from aqueous medium.

7 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

047283   SAHOO S, VASU D, PAUL R, SEN T K SANJAY KUMAR RAY 2 AND PADIKKAL CHANDRAN (Soil Resource Studies Dep, ICAR - NBSSLUP, Nagpur - 440 033, Maharashtra, Email: pchandran1960@yahoo.co.in ) : Acid soils of Manipur of the North - eastern Region of India: Their mineralogy, pedology, taxonomy and edaphology . Clay Res 2024, 43 (1), 31 - 43.

The acid soils of the north - eastern region (NER) of India represent tropical soils of the Indian subcontinent. During the last few decades, ICAR - NBSS&LUP has developed a formidable database on the physical and chemical properties of soils of humid tropical (HT) climate, including some of the states of the NER. However, a detailed mineralogical database for Manipur state is not available. We studied the mineralogy of the soils representing four soil series of Manipur to advance the pedological knowledge on acid soils. The soils belong to Inceptisols and Ultisols that support agricultural land use, forestry, and Jhum cultivation. They have a considerable amount of clay fractions and are rich in organic carbon (OC). Addition of OC and illuviation of clays are the prevailing pedogenic processes in these soils. However, the B horizon is not always the Bt horizon because of the low B/A clay ratio (< 1.2), which is an intriguing issue in pedological parlance. Soils are not kaolinitic; instead, they have dominant kaolin clay mineral (a 0.72 nm mineral interstratified with 1.4 nm mineral), formed from the weathering of hydroxy - interlayered vermiculite (HIV). Hydroxy - interlayering of 2:1 expanding minerals in these acidic soils has caused a decrease in the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils and clays, which often misled the pedologists to designate their mineralogy class as kaolinitic. However, the enhancement of soil and clay CEC after determining the total acidity by using BaCl2 - TEA, mineralogy class could be fixed as mixed, which is compatible to their present capacity as abetter ecosystem service provider.

2 illus, 5 tables, 44 ref

047282   ALI R, MAHARAJ R, MOHAMMED S, WHITE D (Univ of Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago, W. I., Email: rean.maharaj@utt.edu.tt) : Reusing clay based spent media filter to modify trinidad asphaltic materials . Clay Res 2023, 42 (1), 23 - 30.

The disposal of spent filter media derived from the food processing industry which comprises of spent bleaching clay, diatomaceous earth and an organic (oily component), poses an environmental threat due to the current disposal method being employed. Previous studies conducted in Trinidad and Tobago reusing waste materials similar in nature to the components of spent filter media as an additive for bituminous road paving applications suggest that the waste spent filter media may also improve the mechanical and rheological properties of the modified bituminous binder sand and provide an alternative, environmentally sustainable method for disposal of this waste. The results of this study showed that modifying Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) with spent filter media resulted in changes in the rheological properties of the blends, demonstrated in the deviations in the material?s stiffness (G*) and elasticity ( ?). The optimum dosages to obtain highest stiffness and elasticity and lowest temperature susceptibility was found for modified TLA and TPB blends containing 1 % and 2 % spent media filter content respectively.

7 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

047281   VAJJA V, BEKKAM V R (Civil Engineering Dep, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad - 500 043, Email: varasays@gmail.com) : Ground water potential zones using vertical electrical sounding (VES) data in Osman Sagar and Himayath Sagar reservoirs catchment area. Clay Res 2022, 41 (1), 16 - 22.

Out of many geophysical methods like Seismic methods, Electromagnetic methods, Magnetic method, Gravity method etc., resistivity method is familiar to identify the ground water potential zones in view of resistivity variations of rocks with presence or absence of water. Surface geoelectrical investigations were carried out in the Osman sagar and Himayath sagar reservoir catchment area and used in order to know the thicknesses of different layers below the near surface of the earth. A total of 77 soundings are collected spreading over the entire area. All these soundings are conducted using Schlumberger configuration with a maximum half - distance of current electrode separation (AB/2) equal to 100 m until the sounding curve attained ?S? line which is an indication of establishment of contact with electrical basement points. From the result it is observed that the major aquifers are located in the northern half of the basin. More over the entire basin is covered by four principle layers namely soil layer, weathered layer, fractured layer and basement. The major aquifer layers are weathered and fractured layers whose thicknesses are varying from point to point.

10 illus, 12 ref

047280   DWIVEDI S P, SAXENA A (G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, Email: spdglb@gmail.com) : Microstructure, mechanical and thermal behaviour of Al - Clay composite material developed by stir casting technique. Clay Res 2021, 40 (1), 009 - 15.

Present study deals with the development of aluminium based composite reinforced with clay particles with an average size of 50?m. Stir casting technique has been employed to develop the composite material. The weight percentage of clay varied from 2.5 % to 17.5 %. Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of clay reinforced aluminium based composite were identified. Microstructure image of Al/12.5 % composite showed fair distribution as compared to other selected composition. Interfacial reaction layer developed between the clay and aluminium alloy has been also observed to identify the bond strength between the reinforcement material and matrix material. Interfacial reaction layer between the clay and aluminium alloy showed proper wettability between the reinforcement and the matrix material. Results showed that tensile strength and hardness were improved significantly by adding 12.5 wt. % of clay in aluminium alloy. However, ductility of the composite material continuously decreased by adding the clay in the aluminium alloy. Thermal expansion behaviour of the composite material has been also identified to observe the effect of clay addition in the aluminium alloy.

7 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

047279   ALQADOORI M A I, ISMAIL M M (Applied Sciences Dep, Univ of Technology, Baghdad - Iraq, Email: mustafa_alqdoori@yahoo.com) : Dielectric Properties of Kaolin Material with Different Concentrations of NaOH. Clay Res 2020, 39 (1), 001 - 8.

Kaolin powder (Al2O3.2SiO2.H2O) with average grain size of 350 5?m was mixed with five different concentrations (2, 3, 5, 8, 16) M of NaOH solutions. The capacitance and reactance of prepared samples were measured using LCR meter. At frequencies smaller than 1000 Hz, the addition of sodium hydroxide to kaolin resulted in a significant increase of capacitance, while the sample at concentration 3M showed significant stimulation in the capacitance and reactance. At high frequency, the sample at concentration 2 M was the most stimulating samples. At the 20 Hz and at the few concentrations of sodium hydroxide, the 3 M sample showed significant stimulation in the capacitance value. It found that the concentrations of the electrolytic solution create electrostatic forces that affect the prepared sample leading to an increase in dielectric constant and decreasing reactance which can be candidate for supercapacitor applications.

7 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

001542   GANGADHARA N, PRUTHVIRAJ R D, KAVYA H S, ANUSHA M, YASHASWINI (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Bengaluru- 560 074, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : Low cost nanotechnology for water purification- A review. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 142-5.

Sustainable nanotechnology has made substantial contributions in providing contaminant-free water to humanity. In this Review, we present the compelling need for providing access to clean water through nanotechnology-enabled solutions and the large disparities in ensuring their implementation. We also discuss the current nanotechnology frontiers in diverse areas of the clean water space with an emphasis on applications in the field and provide suggestions for future research. Extending the vision of sustainable and affordable clean water to environment in general, we note that cities can live and breathe well by adopting such technologies. By understanding the global environmental challenges and exploring remedies from emerging nanotechnologies, sustainability in clean water can be realized. We suggest specific pointers and quantify the impact of such technologies.

3 illus, 4 ref

001541   PRUTHVIRAJ R D, GANGADHARA N, SANTHOSH KUMAR A S (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Bengaluru- 560 074, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : A review on- a future prospectus of nanotechnology and its useful in water purification. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 139-41.

Providing clean and affordable drinking water is one of the modern-times challenges. The world’s growing population causes water scarcity, and pollutants contaminate whatever water sources are left. Nanotechnology has provided innovative solutions for water purification. This chapter reviews nanotechnology-enabled water-treatment processes, showing how they transform our water supply and wastewater treatment.

2 tables, 4 ref

001540   JATAU A M, AKAN J C, MOHAMMED Z, MSHELIA J U, AHMADU M, KHAN I Z (Pure and Applied Chemistry Dep, Maiduguri Univ, Borno, Nigeria, Email: jatauayuba65@gmail.com) : Assessment of herbicide residues in different varieties of sugarcane samples from savannah sugarcane plantation, numan l.g.a, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 129-38.

The uncontrolled usage of herbicide residues in agricultural production can lead to the accumulation of chemical contamination in soil and plants. In this study, varieties of sugarcane samples were collected from three agricultural locations (Garisa, Kem and Pita 145) in savannah sugarcane plantation Numan Local government area Adamawa State. Five variaties of sugarcane samples was collected. Sugarcane samples were prepared using standard procedures. Herbicide residues, propachlor, atrazine, paraquat, propanil, alachlor, metolachlor and butachlor were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results obtained from this study show that the sugarcane samples from the three agricultural locations contained some amounts of herbicides. There are significant differences in the mean concentrations of herbicides at the various sampling locations. Also, the concentrations of all the studied herbicides were significantly higher in the soil samples as compared to the sugarcane samples. Among the herbicide residues, paraquat was the most dominant in the study area, followed by butachlor. The study also revealed that most of the studied herbicide residues were significantly higher than the WHO and FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs) values.

7 illus, 17 ref

001539   BALAMI V M, YAKUBU J, MBAYA H A, SODIPO O A, KHAN I Z (Pure and Applied Chemistry Dep, Maiduguri Univ, Borno, Nigeria, Email: bmusavictor@yahoo.com) : Nutritional content, phytochemical evaluation and antipyretic effect of methanol leaf extract of Senna siamea (Kassod tree). Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 120-8.

Senna siamea is a medicinal plant used locally for the treatment of typhoid fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, menstrual pain, and is also used to reduce sugar level in the blood.The study aimed at phytochemical screening; antipyretic activities of methanol leaf extracts of Senna siamea. Fresh leaf of Senna siamea was air-dried, pulverized and extracted using maceration method of extraction technique with methanol. The percentage proximate analysis was carried out on the dry matter has highest percentage (88.50), carbohydrate has (64.84%), followed by fibre content (10.00%), moisture content (11.50%), ash content (5.00%), protein content (8.66%) and fat or lipid content (1.0%) respectively. The phytochemical studies of the methanol leaf extract of Senna siamea revealed the presence of some chemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The LD₅₀ of the stem bark extract was ≥5000 mg/kg. The percentage changes in average rectal temperature (oC) from induction of pyrexia to 2 hours after treatment with methanol leaf extract of Senna siemea. There was a dose dependent increase in percentage change in percentage change in rectal temperature, with the negative control showing the lowest (0.52%) change in rectal temperature. Extract dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg had a percentage decrease in rectal temperature of 0.85%, 2.07% and 3.26% respectively. However, the positive control had the highest percentage change in rectal temperature of 5.28 % when compared to the extract treatments. The leaf extracts decreased the rectal temperature of Brewer-induced pyrexia in albino rats, which was more effective at 200 mg/kg. Thus, this study has scientifically justified that the plant poses a degree of action on central nervous system thereby acting as in suppressing fever. This provides validity for the use of the plant locally for the management and treatment of fever related health problems.

3 tables, 48 ref

001538   YAKUBU J, DAVID S W, MAMZA U T, SHAH M, ARSHAD M, KHAN S, KHAN I Z (Pure and Applied Chemistry Dep, Maiduguri Univ, Borno, Nigeria, Email: jamesyakubiu96@gmail.com) : Phytochemical, antimicrobial, elemental and anionic analysis of methanol leaf extract of Ziziphus mauritiana LAM. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 113-9.

Ziziphus mauritiana is used as a medicinal plants especially its fruit and leaf. In this work the leaf of Z. Mauritiana was screened, investigated qualitatively for its Phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial study carried out using disc diffusion method on some selected microorganisms. Elemental and anionic contents were carried out to determine the concentration levels of Zn, Pb, K, SO₄ ^2- , Cl^- and PO₄ ^3- . The result of the phytochemical screening of the methanol leaf extractof Z. mauritiana revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycoside and flavonoids. While alkaloids, terpenoids and phlobatannins were absent. The antimicrobial study revealed significant activity concentration-dependent at P<0.05 against Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacteria spp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with highest zones of inhibitions of 14.50±0.71, 16.00±0.00, 18.00±0.00, and 14.50±0.71 respectively, although less effective than a standard drug (ciprofloxacine 500mg), While Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Streptococcus pyrogenes are resistant to the extract. Elemental and anionic contents indicate concentration levels of Zn, Pb, K, SO₄ ^2- , Cl^- and PO₄ ^3- which were all within/below WHO/FAO permissible limits. Thus, the study has justified the traditional use of the plant for the management of microbial related diseases and could be safe and nutritious for consumption.

1 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

001537   DALHATU A, YAKUBU J, MAMZA U T, SODIPO O A, KHAN I Z (Pure and Applied Chemistry Dep, Maiduguri Univ, Borno, Nigeria, Email: jamesyakubu96@gmail.com) : Toxicity profile and antidiarrhoeal efficacy of Cassia singueana (del.) methanol stem bark extract in rats. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 104-12.

Cassia singueana is a medicinal plant used in Northern Nigeria for the treatment and management of ailments which include ulcer, as diuretic, acute malaria, sooth stomach spasm, cure abdominal pain etc. This research study aimed to analyse the phytochemical content and evaluate the acute and antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaf of Cassia singueana. Fresh stem bark of the plant was air-dried, extracted using methanol and screened for phytochemicals. Acute toxicity of the crude methanol extract was evaluated using Lorke’s method, while the antidiarrhoeal study was carried out using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastrointestinal meal transit of charcoal meal and castor oil-induced enteropooling. The crude methanol stem bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrate, cardiac glycoside, steroid, saponins, flavonoids and terpenes. The extract had oral and i.pLD50 of ≥ 5000 mg/kg and 2150mg/kg respectively. It alsoproduced a marked anti-diarrhoeal effect in rats. Extract doses at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, exhibited % protection of 28, 53.30, 69.33against faeces produced upon administration of castor oil; it also slowed down the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract with % inhibition of 37.81, 60.09 and 76.60; as well as the extract significantly decreased intestinal fluid with % protection of 48.50, 38.80 and 22.30 volume in rats, when compared to standard antidiarrhoeal drug, loperamide (94.60 %) at 3 mg/kg, atropine (92.50 %) at 3 mg/kg and loperamide (15.90 %) at 3 mg/kg respectively. Thus, the methanol extracts of Cassia singueana exhibit anti-diarrhoeal properties, which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals. This study justifies its ethno-medicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea.

5 tables, 36 ref

001536   DAWA I S, YAKUBU J, MAMZA U T, BALAMI V M, SODIPO O A, ABDULRAHMAN F I, KHAN I (Pure and Applied Chemistry Dep, Maiduguri Univ, Borno, Nigeria, Email: izkhan5522@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial activities of methanol leaf extract of Carissa edulis vahl (apocynaceae). Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 96-103.

The research aims at evaluating in-vitro antimicrobial effects of methanolic leaf extract of Carissa edulis. The leaf of Carissa edulis was collected air-dried, ground to powder and extracted with methanol by cold extraction method to give a percentage yield of 28.03% w/w. The crude extract was defatted with n-hexane and partitioned with chloroform, n-butanol and water to give a percentage yield of 36.04%, 11.24%, 15.94% and 3.08% respectively. The extract fractions exhibited considerable amount of inhibition against almost all the test micro-organisms except for the n-hexane extract which had no activity. The activity of n-butanol extract (500 mg/ml), chloroform extract (500 mg/ml) and aqueous extract (500 mg/ml) was superior to the standard drug (Gentamacin) used. The MIC and MBC against the tested organisms ranged from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml respectively. The results obtained from this study revealed that the leaf extract of Carissa edulis possesses antibacterial activity against some pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

7 tables, 17 ref

001535   ARUN V, MANOJ S V, RAJ D B A (PG Chemistry Dep, Sree Narayana Coll, Punalur- 691 305, Kerala, Email: arun.organic.chem@gmail.com) : Synthesis and spectral characterization copper(ii) schiff base complex derived from 3-hydroxyquinoxaline-2-carboxaldehyde. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 90-5.

A new binuclear Schiff base complex of copper(II), [Cu2LCl2] (where H2L is N,N’- bis(3- hydroxyquinoxaline-2-carboxalidene) 1,2-diaminobenzene) with a square-planar geometry around each copper(II) has been synthesized. The complex was characterized using elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, UV-Visible spectra, FT-IR Spectra, EPR, thermal analysis and magnetic moment measurements.

3 illus, 21 ref

001534   KRISHNAMURTHY P P, VANDANA A, PULIPAKA S, GOLLAPALLI N R (Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam- 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, Email: gollapallinr@yahoo.com) : Study of ternary complexes of co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) with lhistidine and 1, 10-phenanthroline in 1-propanol-water mixtures. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 81-9.

The ternary systems of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes containing L-Histidine as primary ligand and 1,10-Phenanthroline as secondary ligand are studied in aqueous medium mixed with different amounts of 1-propanol. Through pH metric technique the stability constants were obtained for the complexes formed at 303K and ionic strength of 0.16 mol/L maintained with NaCl. The predominant species detected are MLXH and ML2X which were refined by using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected Based on statistical parameters. The relative stabilities of the ternary complexes as well as the distributions of all the complexes in solution were explained.

3 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

001533   JAHAGIRDHAR A A, PRUTHVIRAJ R D, SOMASHEKAR H M, PRAKASH V (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Bengaluru- 560 074, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : Corrosion behaviour of AL 5082 reinforced with tib₂ nano composite in marine environment. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 74-80.

Based on the application prominent choice of material is essential the development and end use. Aluminium nano composite can be used to replace the conventional aluminium alloy due to its considerable strength. Normally aluminium undergoes corrosion and the corrosion rate can be reduced by reinforcing suitable fillers in nano level. This attempt was made to study the influence of chromium addition to the corrosion behavior of AL 5082/TIB2 composites. A stir casting technique used to prepare different % at 0, 2, 4, 6% composite of nano TiB2 when it was immersed in 3.5 wt % from the Nyquist plots and equaling circuit fitting results. The charge transfer resistance values was observed to change from 10 to 3.7 30 to 9.5 19 to 2.8 for 0.3 and 6 wt % chromium content respectively after 72 hours of exposure. The increase in the charge of transferred resistance has obtained with an increasing chromium content has a clear indication of improved resistance to corrosion.

4 illus, 15 ref

001532   KUMAR N (Chemistry Dep, Teerthanker Mahaveer Univ, Moradabad- 244 001, Uttar Pradesh, Email: navkchem@gmail.com) : Physicochemical and biological characteristics of two wetlands in Dhampur. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 70-3.

Wetlands serve as important natural resources and play a major eco-hydrological role in environmental management. A methodical study has been carried out to estimate physico-chemical characteristics of the selected wetlands of Dhampur which is situated 17 km away from bank of Ramganga River. It is one of the tehsil of district Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh India and comes under Moradabad division. We conducted investigation to evaluate the physicochemical and biological characteristics of wetlands in Dhampur. During investigation, ten physico-chemical water quality parameters have been analyzed. In Dhampur around 6 wetland are present where water is combining with soil. It is present in saturated form by surface of ground water. Hydrological cycle is most important example of wetland. In the study of wetland we measure the properties of water like physical or chemical property as turbidity pH value and temperature.

1 table, 10 ref

001531   PRUTHVIRAJ R D, JAHAGIRDAR A A (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Bengaluru- 560 074, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : Corrosion inhibition effect of 1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3-(5-phenyl-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl)propan-1-one Inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 63-9.

The environmental friendly 1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propan-1-one (A1) inhibitor is synthesized and their corrosion inhibition for Mild Steel in a 1 M HCl solution was studied using weight loss methods, electrochemical measurements, and the surface morphology of mild steel with and without inhibitor were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The inhibition efficiency of 1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3-(5-phenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) propan1-one improved with increases in inhibitor concentration but decreased with increases in temperature. Results from potentiodynamic polarization and EIS showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of 1-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3-(5-phenyl-1, 3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propan-1-one was excellent. Morphology observation revealed that the Mild Steel was greatly protected by these 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propan-1-one inhibitor.

4 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

001530   SUDHAKARA A, PRABHAKARA VARMA P, PRUTHVIRAJ R D, RAMESHA S, NAIR P (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Bengaluru- 560 074, Karnataka, Email: suda.sagar@gmail.com) : Bismuth nitrate catalysed convenient synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydro xanthene derivatives. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 57-62.

Synthesis of wide variety of substituted 1, 8-dioxo-octahydro xanthene derivatives from reacting various Benzaldehydes with 5, 5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexane-dione via Bismuth Nitrate [Bi(NO₃)₃ 5H₂O] Catalysed reaction is described. The present methodology offers several significant advantages such as high yields, short reaction times, simple operation and convenient work-up.

2 tables, 15 ref

001529   MAMZA U T, YAKUBU J, CHIROMA M, BALAMI V M, MOSES S, SODIPO O A, ABDULRAHMAN F I, ALEMIKA T E, KHAN I Z (Pure and Applied Chemistry Dep, Maiduguri Univ, Nigeria, Email: drutmamza_2587@yahoo.com) : Phytochemical evaluation and in-vitro antibacterial properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Boswellia dalzielii hutch. (Burseraceae). Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec C 2021, 40C (2), 48-56.

The upsurge of multi-drug resistance by microbes is at alarming rate and poses serious challenges in the field of medical and pharmaceutical industries. This study was aimed to determine the active components and assess the antibacterial potency of methanolic leaf extract of Boswellia dalzielii. The plant specimen was collected, identified, prepared and cold macerated using 95% of methanol as solvent. The resulted crude extract was further assayed for anti-bacterial potency; adopting agar well diffusion protocol against some selected human pathogenic isolates viz S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. Subtilis, Corynebact. Spp. K. pneumoniae, S. typhi,P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using the standard protocol of microdilution assay. The antimicrobial assay of the crude extract showcased that B. dalzielii leaf is susceptible against all the tested pathogens by exhibiting significant degrees of inhibition zone of diameter (0.25±0.26to 27.16±0.76 mm). The positive control (ciprofloxacin) showed superior activity against the tested isolates (27.06±0.35 to31.03±0.64 mm). The MIC/MBC was observed at 25.0 to 6.25 mg/mL and 25.0 to 12.5 mg/mL against bacterial studied. S. aureus is the most susceptible pathogen with MIC/MBC values at 6.25/12.5 mg/ml respectively while S. Pyogene, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa were inhibitory at 12.5 mg/ml and bactericidal at 25mg/ml. Corynebact. Spp. and K. pneumoniae had the moderate MIC/MBC at 25mg/ml. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, resins, tannins and carbohydrates. This study showed that B. dalzielii leaf has a strong antibacterial activity against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria tested; this provides a scientific justification to the traditional healers for the utilization of the plant in the management of different ailments caused by the tested pathogens.

4 tables, 26 ref

001492   NAMINI N M, ABDOLLAHI A, MOVAHEDI M, RAZAVI A E, SAGHIR R (Biochemistry Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran-19585/466, Iran) : Association of SERPIND1 expression with grade, stage and presence of metastasis in breast cancer. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(1), 71-82.

The role of SERPIND1 gene in the development of breast cancer is completely unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of SERPIND1 in patients suffering from breast malignancies. Tumoural specimens and nontumoural adjacent tissues were collected from 31 patients who were pathologically confirmed for breast cancer. Furthermore, 43 fasting venous blood samples were collected from the breast cancer patients as well as from the healthy volunteers as control group. The SERPIND1 mRNA expression levels were assessed using the q-RT PCR while the plasma levels of SERPIND1 protein were detected using ELISA. The SERPIND1 relative expression levels were compared with the clinicopathological factors. The expression of the SERPIND1 was significantly higher at both mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer patients compared to the control groups. Moreover, the relative expression of the SERPIND1 showed a significant positive correlation with cancer grade, stage and presence of metastasis (P< 0.05). The findings suggest that the SERPIND1 may be a metastasis-enhancer factor in breast cancer and a strong predictive marker for distinguishing patients with poor prognosis.

2 illus, 8 tables, 37 ref

001491   REENA, NAMBIAR M P, BABU B K, BIJU A R (Chemistry Dep, Pazhassi Raja N.S.S. Coll, Mattanur-670 702, Kerala) : Evaluation of antiproliferative potential of manganese (II)-dafone complex. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(1), 62-70.

Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. In vitro toxicity is the scientific analysis of the effect of toxic chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells. In our work Manganese–4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one complex was prepared and its cytotoxicity was studied by standard MTT Assay in Cervical carcinoma cells HeLa. The result was compared with the normal fibroblast cell to check its influence on normal cells. On comparing the results, the complex is found to be more toxic to cervical carcinoma cells than the normal fibroblast cells. The photocatalytic activity of the complex was studied on the basis of the decomposition reaction of methylene blue dye in presence of the complex. The compound [Mn(C₁₁H₆N₂O)₂ (NCS)₂ ] was synthesised and characterised by various spectroscopic methods and the structure was confirmed by single-crystal XRD analysis. The molecular structure of the complex was optimized using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–311 G (d,p) level. The smallest HOMO–LUMO energy gap (0.66 eV) indicates the soft acid nature of the complex.

8 illus, 4 tables, 49 ref

001488   APPUNNI S, GUPTA D, RUBENS M, SINGH A K, SWARUP V, SINGH H N (Biochemistry Dep, Government Medical Coll, Kozhikode- 673 008, Kerala) : Targeting ROCK2 isoform with its widely used inhibitors for faster post-stroke recovery. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(1), 27-34.

Recovery after ischemic stroke is slow and highly variable. Activated ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase) pathway hampers recovery of impaired neurons. Though inhibiting ROCK pathway has shown therapeutic effects in vitro, the selectivity of most of the ROCK inhibitors is still not investigated. Present study aims to investigate the binding affinity in silico of nine widely used ROCK inhibitors with brainspecific ROCK2 isoform. Three-dimensional structures of ROCK2 and eight drugs were taken from Protein Data Bank and PubChem Chemical Compound Database, respectively, whereas, FSD-C10 structure was generated based on Xin et al., 2015. In docking, ROCK2 was set to be rigid and drugs were free to rotate. All simulations were carried out using AutoDock 4.2. This study demonstrated strong complexation between all ligands and ROCK2. All ROCK inhibitors, except FSD-C10, were able to bind to ROCK2 more strongly [Binding constant (Ka ) between 2.6 – 36.7 × 105 M−1] than fasudil (Ka = 2.5 × 105 M−1). SLx-2119 (KD-025) had the highest binding constant (Ka = 36.7 × 105 M−1) thus succeeding as a better ROCK2 specific inhibitor. Selectivity of ROCK inhibitors (in silico) towards ROCK2 can be an indicative measure to estimate therapeutic benefits or adverse effects prior to in vitro study.

1 illus, 3 tables, 45 ref

000911   Pruthviraj R D, Gangadhara N, Jahagirdar A A, Santhosh Kumar A S (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : Hybrid nanomaterials for future applications in construction. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect D 2021, 40C(1), 39-47.

Crossover nanomaterials contain at least two unique segments, commonly inorganic segments (metal particles, metal bunches or particles, salts, oxides, sulfides, non-metallic components and their subordinates, and so on) and natural segments (natural gatherings or atoms, ligands, biomolecules, drug substances, polymers, and so on) that are united by explicit cooperations which bring about the synergistic improvement of their practical properties. A pecking order of connections might be associated with the development of half breed materials, from the structure of atoms (covalent bonds, π-complexation, and so forth) to nanoscale restricting and self-gathering (a wide assortment of intermolecular collaborations, including electrostatic communications, scattering cooperations, H-holding, and so on) and microstructuring (agreeable collaborations in various modes). The blend of various segments and primary formats with various kinds of associations brings about a basically endless assortment of interesting assignment explicit materials.

26 ref

000910   Pruthviraj R D, Jahagirdar A A, Swamy M T, Vishwanath K C (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) extract inhibitors for aluminum 8088 alloy in a 1 M HCl solution. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect D 2021, 40C(1), 30-8.

Two environmental friendly Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) inhibitors 6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4- dithiol monosodium (DAN) and 6-dibutylamino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol mono sodium (DBN) were synthesized and their corrosion inhibition for aluminum 8088 in a 1 M HCl solution was studied using weight loss methods, electrochemical measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The inhibition efficiency of both DAN and DBN improved with increases in inhibitor concentration but decreased with increases in temperature. Results from potentiodynamic polarization and EIS showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of DAN and DBN was excellent. The adsorption of inhibitors on the aluminum 8088 surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Morphology observation revealed that the aluminum 8088 was greatly protected by these Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) inhibitors.

5 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

000909   Ghogge R, Kenchamarappa, Pruthviraj R D (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : Electrochemical studies of aluminium-2014 alloy in 1m acetic acid using olive leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect D 2021, 40C(1), 23-9.

The inhibition performance of atenolol on Aluminium-2014 in 1 M Acetic Acid solution was studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The results show the inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing the concentration of the inhibitor from 50 to 300 ppm. The maximum inhibition efficiency 93.8% was observed in the presence of 300 ppm inhibitor (in case of potentiodynamic polarization). The inhibition action of atenolol was explained in terms of adsorption on the Aluminium-2014 surface. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopic technique (EIS) exhibits one capacitive loop indicating that, the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. Polarization measurements showed that the inhibitor is of a mixed type. The results obtained from the different methods are in good agreement. The surface morphologies of Aluminium-2014 were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

6 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

000908   Nataraja G, Praveen B M, Pruthviraj R D, Sudhakara A (Chemistry Dep, Srinivas Univ, Karnataka, Email: nataraj.jit@gmail.com) : Stress corrosion studies of al 2014 alloy using synthesized pyrimidin derivative inhibitor in different concentration of HCL solution. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect D 2021, 40C(1), 16-22.

The stress corrosion resistance of AL 2014 in high temperature acidic media using The inhibitors MPPA and AMP O has been evaluated using an autoclave. The liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method was used to fabricate AL 2014 alloy. Stress corrosion tests were conducted using weight loss method for different exposure time, normality and temperature of the acidic medium. The corrosion rates of AL 2014 alloy was lower to that of Concentration increases of the inhibitor.

7 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

000907   Pruthviraj R D, Vishwanath K C, Jahagirdar A A, Swamy M T, Ashok S D (Chemistry Dep, Rajarajeswari Coll of Engineering, Karnataka, Email: pruthvirajrd@gmail.com) : Corrosion inhibitive effects of coconut water for al 7075 alloy in acidic medium. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect D 2021, 40C(1), 7-15.

The corrosion inhibitive effect of coconut water as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosion control of Al 7075 alloy in 0.5 Molar solution of H₂SO₄ acid have been investigated using the weight loss method which is considered more informative than other laboratory techniques. The studies were carried out using 30-110ml of the coconut water. The test coupons were totally immersed in the corroding medium containing various concentration of the inhibitor at the time intervals of 24-192 hours. The results obtained showed that the concentration of the inhibitor in the corrodent impacted differently on the test coupons. The corrosion rate was found to decrease while the inhibitor efficiency increases as the inhibitor concentration was increased. The plateau of maximum inhibition efficiency of 89.07% and 81.57% was obtained at the concentration of 90ml and 110ml for 24hours and 48hours immersion time respectively. The study showed that coconut water possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion of Al 7075 alloy in the acidic medium.

1 illus, 7 tables, 44 ref

000906   Tripathi A D, Singh V K, Purohit M, Bisht K, Rajput M (Chemistry Dep, Teerthanker Mahaveer Univ, Uttar Pradesh, Email: atri34tmu@gmail.com) : Excess molar volumes of binary liquid mixtures of ketocyclohexane (C₆H₁₀O), + CH₂Cl₂, +CHCl₃, + CH₂ClCH₂Cl, +CHClCCl₂, and + CCl₃CH₃ at 303.15 K. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect D 2021, 40C(1), 1-6.

Excess molar volumes, V_E, at T = 303.15 K, have been measured for binary liquid mixtures of ketocyclohexane (C₆H₁₀O) + dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), + trichloromethane (CHCl₃), + l,2-dichloroethane (CH₂ClCH₂Cl), + trichloroethene (CHClCCl₂), and + 1,1,1- trichloroethane (CCl₃CH₃). The values of VE have been fitted in appropriate equations using a least-squares method. V_E has been found to be negative throughout the entire range of composition for mixtures of C₆H₁₀O + CH₂Cl₂, + CHCl₃, + CHClCCl₂, and + CCl₃CH₃. For C₆H₁₀O + CH₂ClCH₂Cl, VE has been found to be positive at lower mole fractions of C₆H₁₀O, and negative at higher mole fractions. The results obtained have been discussed from the viewpoint of existence of specific interactions between the components.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

001308   BURAGOHAIN M, KAKOTI N, BURAGOHAIN I (Chemistry Dep, Lakhimpur Girls’ Coll, North Lakhimpur, Assam) : Utility of foldscope in microbiological research: A study in groundwater samples in Lakhimpur district of Assam, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 836-40.

The foldscope is an origami portable and affordable microscope that can be used as a high-end frugal technology for teaching science. Our local environment is fulfilling with various microorganisms which affect our community. It is impossible to identify them at the spot without sampling in laboratory. However, this can be done in spot with the help of a foldscope. The aim of this study was to isolate bacteria from arsenic contaminaed sites of Lakhimpur districts, Assam. The study estimated that arsenic concentration in water samples of the study area were found higher by (0.26±0.04 mg/l) than the permissible limit as prescribed by WHO. Total 10th morphologically completely different arsenic resistant bacteria isolated from water samples bacterial cultures were observed by performing staining at various time intervals. The slide was placed in the foldscope interfaced with a mobile phone. After staining the cells were observed under foldscope and recorded the images.

4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

001302   SARKAR C, BEJ S, SAHA N C (PG Zoology Dep, Krishnagar Govt Coll, Nadia- 741 101, West Bengal) : A study on the seasonal fluctuation of water quality parameters and Ichthyofaunal diversity in determination of ecological health of Mathura Beel, A Flood plain Wetland of West Bengal. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 790-8.

Fish diversity and their correlation with seasonal fluctuation of water quality parameters of Mathura Beel was studied during the period 2015-16 to 2017-18. 39 species of fish belonging to 18 families under 8 orders were recorded from this floodplain wetland of North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. The most dominant family was Cyprinidae with 13 species. The beel is alkaline in nature as the pH varies 7.7-10.5. The dissolved oxygen content is good. In this beel, Shannon-Weaver species diversity index (H’) has positive correlation with Free CO₂ , DO, alkalinity and hardness whereas negative correlation with temperature, pH and BOD. Margalef’s Species richness index (D) has positive correlation with temperature, pH and BOD while has negative correlation with Free CO₂ , DO, alkalinity and hardness. Pielou’s Species evenness index (J’) has positive correlation with Free CO₂ , alkalinity, hardness and BOD whereas negative correlation with temperature, pH and DO. The overall ecological health of the beel was suitable for aquaculture.

4 illus, 9 tables, 24 ref

001283   GOSWAMI B S, SARMA M, SARMA H (Chemistry Dep, B. Borooah Coll, Guwahati- 781 007, Assam) : Assessment of ground water quality with special emphasis on As, F and Fe: A case study in Morigaon District, Assam, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 663-72.

One of the main concern and a global challenge is the assessment of the quality of ground water. In the present work, water samples were collected from 23 different locations and the source was tube-wells, Dug wells respectively. The collected samples were analyzed with respect to general physico- chemical parameters, heavy metals and coliform bacterial contamination using established standard procedures. Most of the parameters are well within the specified limit as suggested by WHO, USEPA and IS:10500 except fluoride, iron, arsenic, manganese and lead content respectively. The fluoride content (1.66 mg/l - 4.2 mg/l) exceeded the tolerable limit (1.5 mg/l) at all the locations while iron concentration was ranged from 0.002 mg/l to 5.2 mg/l and tolerance limit (1.0 mg/l) prescribed by WHO was exceeded in six locations. The concentration of arsenic (2.22 µg/l to 19.77 µg/l) crossed the permissible limit (10 µg/l) fixed by US-EPA in only one site. Similarly the mean values of Mn and Pb exceeded their respective tolerance limit at specific locations prescribed by various organizations. The coliform bacterial contamination (0 – 450 per 100 mL) was also obtained in few of the water samples. Additionally, it was revealed by SAR studies that for irrigation purposes most of the ground water samples were excellent (<10). The present study revealed that the ground water quality was significantly contaminated with fluoride; iron, lead and to some extent manganese and bacterial load.

7 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

001227   KUMAR S, KUMAR S, KUMAR R (Chemistry Dep, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur Univ, Bhagalpur- 812 007, Bihar) : Analysis of drinking water of rural area of Kahalgaon Sub division, Bhagalpur: Bihar. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 155-8.

Physiochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium chloride and dissolved oxygen have been studied for drinking water of Kahalgaon sub division area lying under Bhagalpur district, Bihar. The result of the physio chemical parameters related to water quality standard were compared with the World Health Organization.

3 tables, 9 ref

001202   YADAV R K, MONIKA (Chemistry Dep, Government Raj Rishi Coll, Alwar- 301 001, Rajasthan) : Influence of carcinogenic industrial pollutants on groundwater quality of RIICO industrial area of Bhiwadi (Alwar), Rajasthan, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 407-14.

The groundwater is the primary source of freshwater in Alwar (Rajasthan) and needs of freshwater of Bhiwadi town (Alwar) for drinking, domestic, irrigation and industrial utilization are accomplished by the groundwater resources such as open well, tube-well, and hand pumps. The characterization of contaminated sites of RIICO industrial area of Bhiwadi (Alwar) was investigated by analyzing the groundwater that broadly affected and contaminated by the industrial wastewater. Ten groundwater sites of RIICO industrial area of Bhiwadi (Alwar) was investigated during the period of March-May of the year 2019. The groundwater samples were characterized for the numerous physicochemical parameters and carcinogenic substances following the standard operating procedures. The results of the study has shown that the considerable variations in the physico-chemical parameters was observed for the groundwater of RIICO industrial area of Bhiwadi (Alwar). Some of the groundwater sampling sites (B-4 to B-10) were found to contaminated due to large number of careless industrial activities around the sampling sites. Six sampling sites such as B-4, B5, B-6, B-8, B-9 and B-10 found to have exceeded amount of carcinogenic and toxic chemical substances that comes from industrial wastewater and the groundwater is found to unsuitable for human and animal drinking and for irrigational purpose.

1 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

001193   KARUPPIAH I, SUMATHI S (Chemistry Dep, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai- 603 103, Tamil Nadu) : Emission profile of Pm, Pm10 and Pm 2.5 of stationery sources from boilers using various fuels – An investigation. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 318-22.

This study describes emission profile of PM, PM10 and PM2.5 of stationery sources from boilers employed in four industries, in small scale sector, with stack heights ranging from 12.5 to 51.5 m. Boilers in which four different fuels, kerosene (SKO), and furnace oil (FO), coal and briquetted wood were selected for PM, PM10 and PM2.5 emission studies. PM10 and PM2.5 emission was more from liquid fuels compared to the solid fuels.

3 illus, 9 tables, 15 ref

001175   TYAGI P, SINGH R P (Chemistry Dep, St. John’s Coll, Agra- 282 002) : Column defluoridation of groundwater using modified inorganic composites. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 207-13.

For the removal of fluoride ions from groundwater to make it fit for drinking or industrial use, the main aim of this research was to prepare four types of inorganic composites based on carbon, calcium, silica, and magnesium namely carbon inorganic composite (CIC), calcium inorganic composite (CaIC), silica inorganic composite (SiO2 IC), and magnesium inorganic composite (MgIC) respectively, and to test the feasibility of their use in defluoridation of water by the column processat different fluoride concentrations, bed heights, pH and flow rates. The sorptive capacity of the most effective four ICs (CaIC, MgIC, SiO2 IC, and CIC), commercial activated alumina (AA), activated carbon (AC), and an anion exchange resin (AER) Ceralite IR 400 (Cl- form) were evaluated. CaIC showed comparable results to AER. Defluoridation was in the order AER >CaIC>MgIC> AA > SiO2 IC > CIC > AC over a wide range of initial concentration 1-10 mg/l at BH 30 cm, pH 6.0, temperature 25oC, flow rate 10 mL per minute. Under these conditions from 3.8 mg/l solution, they could remove 19.7, 17.2, 16.6, 15.4, 14.7, 13.2, and 12.6% fluoride removal. This order of ICs i.e., CaIC>MgIC> SiO2 IC > CIC is probably due to several factors such as particle size, ionic potential, pH, surface area, and environmental conditions. The sorption of fluoride ions increased as their concentration decreases from 9.5 to 1.9 mg/l. Leaching increased as the flow rate increased. The solution pH considerably affected the quantity of pollutant elimination. Most of the sorbents showed the maximum fluoride removal percent at pH 6. The sorption increased with increasing BH, but the equilibrium was attained in 2 hours for MgIC and AA, 2.5 hours for AC. Leaching increases considerably as the flow rate increases. It was concluded that CaIC, MgIC, SiO2 IC, and CIC are effective sorbents for F- ions. CaIC and MgIC are especially effective at a high concentration of fluoride (F- ) ion in water. A mixed solution containing 0.14 mol/l calcium chloride and 0.08 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate with pH adjusted to about 3 can be profitably used to regenerate the spent sorbent. CaIC, MgIC, SiO2 IC, and CIC are ecofriendly sorbents, and their sorption ability is much higher than others. They can be further modified to have enhanced fluoride sorption capacity to be used as a primary remediate of fluoride in wastewater or groundwater like AER.

4 tables, 37 ref

001083   HASSAN M Y, BURAGOHAIN N, BEZBARUA M S (Chemistry Dep, Assam Down Town Univ, Guwahati- 781 026, Assam) : Analysis of soil of agricultural field used for rice production with respect to boron and few selected cations of Lakhimpur District of Assam, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 40-3.

Rice is the major food grain in most of the countries of the world. The demand of rice is in increasing trend due to consumption of various food items prepared from rice starting from baby food to fast food with increasing population. But due to natural and anthropogenic reasons, the farmers are not getting the calculated production. Now to meet the increasing demand of the rice, it is essential to balance the theoretical and observed rice production by finding out the factors responsible for not getting the desired production. Hence an attempt is made to assess the soil quality of agricultural field by considering few selected cations.

4 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

003367   DEKA N J, NATH R, TAMULY S, HAZORIKA M, PEGU S R, DEKA S M (Biochemistry and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat - 785 013, Assam) : Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaves extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) and assessment of its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 171 - 7.

There is an increased demand for environment friendly non-toxic synthetic biological protocol for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The investigation was aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using leaves extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica L.), its characterization and assessment of in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Aqueous extract of the plant was used and synthesis of nanoparticles are confirmed by the colour change, followed by UV-Vis spectro photo meter analysis. The zeta potential measurement of the nanoparticles are found to be –48.9 mV and found stable. The synthesized nanoparticles are almost spherical in shape in SEM micrograph. In TEM analysis, the average size of the nanoparticles was found to be 38.54 ± 2.94 nm. It may be concluded that the leaves extract of the plant is found suitable for synthesis of silver nanoparticles, showed sensitive response against both grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles was also found higher than the extract alone.

7 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

003366   SHAMNA K P, MURALEEDHARAN A K, POYIL M M (Basic Medical Sciences Dep, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Univ, Saudi Arabia) : Standardization of beejakarishta preparation with respect to seasonal changes and the determination of its antibacterial activity against selected clinical isolates. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 160 - 170.

Beejakarishta is an ‘arishta’ (self-generated alcoholic) preparation in Ayurveda with a wide range of pharmacological applications including in digestive disorders, anaemia, piles, inflammation, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, jaundice, etc. Even though, there are many studies which show the effect of different containers and method of preparation in the fermentation process of different arishta-asavas (fermented ayurvedic potion); no studies have been conducted to analyse the effect of different seasons and different time duration on the physicochemical characteristics and pharmacological potentials of beejakarishta. So, present study investigated the effect of season and duration in fermentation process of beejakarishta and variation in their analytical properties. In this study, six samples are made in April (summer season–greeshmaritu), October (autumn season - sarataritu) and in January (winter season -sisiraritu). In each season, three samples each were kept for 10 days fermentation and for 20 days fermentation. Fermentation tests and physicochemical analysis were carried out for all the samples and compared. HPTLC analysis was performed to evaluate the compounds present in the test samples. Beejakarishta with 20 days fermentation in summer season (BAG₂₀), which showed typical physicochemical properties is examined for antibacterial analysis. 100 µl of BAG₂₀ showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (18 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm) and Klebsiella pneumonia (26 mm). From the study, it was confirmed, seasons have a greater impact in determining the properties of the beejakarishta. The BAG₂₀ can be developed as an effective novel antibacterial drugs for treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) infection.

26 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

003358   NAMPOOTHIRI L, SUDRA P, DEY A, DHADHAL S, KURESHI A A, KUMAR S, DHANANI T, SINGH R, KUMARI P (Chemistry Dep, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat - 395 007, Gujarat) : Fruit juice of Garcinia indica Choisy modulates dyslipidemia and lipid metabolism in cafeteria diet based rat model. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 78 - 85.

There is a significant rise in the incidences of dyslipidemia, leading to obesity. The therapeutics available for dyslipidemia are limited and associated with major side-effects. Thereby, researchers are shifting towards nutraceuticals compounds. In the current study, Garcinia indica Choisy, which is an endemic species of Western Ghats of India was evaluated for its anti-dyslipidemic properties in cafeteria diet fed obese rat model. Firstly, cafeteria diet fed rat model was developed and validated. After successful development of the model, the rats were orally fed with 1 ml G. indica fruit juice for 4 weeks and parameters such as OGTT, lipid profile, hormone levels of insulin and leptin, HMG CoA reductase and LCAT enzyme activities and toxicity parameters were evaluated. Identification and quantification of the hydroxycitric acid in G. indica fruit juice was done by HPLC method. Toxicity parameters like SGPT and creatinine were performed to evaluate the toxicity of the dose. Results showed that cafeteria diet fed animals exhibited increased body weight, increased food intake, decreased water intake, increased glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia at 10 weeks. Treatment with G. indica fruit juice for 4 weeks, reduced the body weight, improved the metabolic parameters like glucose sensitivity, dyslipidemia, insulin and leptin levels and lipid metabolizing levels without causing toxicity. Oral dosage of G. indica fruit juice for 4 weeks exhibits antiobesity potential in cafeteria diet fed dyslipidemic rats. The results obtained were better than orlistat, which is a standard mode of chemotherapy for management of dyslipidemic obesity.

4 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

003352   MEHROTRA N (Biochemistry Dep, SVKM’s Mithibai Coll of Arts, Mumbai - 400 056, Maharashtra) : Herbs that heal: Nature’s pharmacy endowed remedies for better health. Ann Phy 2021, Vol 10 (1), 6 - 22.

Today, humans have incorporated the indiscriminate use of chemicals in their daily routine. This includes the inhalation of undesired pollutants, consumption of food adulterants, synthetic insecticides and pesticides used for increasing yield and the medicines consumed for health/therapy. The allopathic medicines contain besides the active pharmaceutical ingredient, many more excipients like binders, fillers, disintegrators, flavors, colors, and preservatives. All these are known to cause adverse side effects, and thus the healer components themselves are fast transforming into causative agents for disorders. It is believed that even today a large population treats itself using traditional medicines, wherein plants, herbs and spices are used. The same has also been acknowledged by the WHO, which launched the traditional medicine strategy (2014-2023), with the aim to keep the world population healthy by prioritizing the use of traditional and complementary medicines. Many herbs and spices are now researched by scientists to give a logical understanding of their use for prevention and treatment of common illnesses. The world today is now accepting traditional medicines not only for cure but also for wellbeing. Plant-based herbal remedies are considered to be safe as they are obtained from natural resources. The current article bears the objective to highlight the utility of three common spices, which are an integral ingredient of cuisines across the globe. The herbal warriors considered are: Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Perry (clove), Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) and Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin). The article brings to light the scientific foundation to the utility of these spices as therapeutic agent for multiple diseases as well as to maintain holistic wellbeing.

6 illus, 6 tables, 169 ref

003307   ADEYEYE E I, IBIGBAMI O A, ADESINA A J, AZEEZ M A, OLALEYE A A, OLATOYE R A, GBOLAGADE Y A (Chemistry Dep, Ekiti State Univ, Nigeria) : Assessment of pesticides residues in water, sediment and fish parts: Case study of fish pond in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Asian Jr of Microbiol Biotech Env Sc 2021, Vol 23 (1), 42 - 50.

Occurrence, distribution and accumulation of pesticides residues in water, sediment and fish parts from a dam in Nigeria were studied. A gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was used to quantify the pesticides residues after careful extraction and clean-up. Trace amounts of the analysed pesticides were detected in all the sampled matrixes. High level of variations were reportedin the water and sediments values as observed in the calculated CV % but being more pronounced in sediments. In general, pesticides were obviously higher in the head and muscle than liver with a percentage ratio of 36.8: 33.7:29.5 respectively. Triadimefon, heptachlor, aldrin, chlordane and prochloraz showed evidence of high accumulation in the fish parts.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

003305   WULANDARI E, HAPSARI R A F, AINI K A, SAFITRI L S, KRISNADI S F (Biochemistry and histology Dep, Islamic State Univ Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia) : The effect of swallow’s bird nest extracts (Collocalia Fuciphaga Thunberg) on level of oxidative stress and function in liver. Asian Jr of Microbiol Biotech Env Sc 2021, Vol 23 (1), 24 - 30.

Sprague Dawley mice were given swallow’s nest extract at a dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg BW per oral previously induced H₂ O₂ on the 31^st and 32^nd days. In addition, there was also a normal group and a positive control group for vitamin E. After being turned off, the liver was taken and measured the GSH, MDA and AST/ALT activity of the liver tissue. The results showed a MDA level: control (+), normal, 10, 20, 40 mg/KgBW dose of swallow’s nest extract: 0,065; 0.050; 0.043; 0.051; 0.070 ng/mg tissues. Then GSH levels: control (+), normal, 10, 20, 40 mg/KgBW dose of swallow’s nest extract: 0.081; 0.077; 0.33; 0.057; 0.077 µg/mg tissues (ANOVA p 0.05). The histological image of Swallow’s Nest extract doses 10 and 40 shows normal cells. Swallow’s nest extract can reduce the level of oxidative stress as evidenced by increased GSH and decreased MDA levels, and can also reduce liver damage by reducing AST/ALT activity. Swallow’s nest extract does not cause damage to liver cells or tissue.

3 illus, 23 ref

003301   ULISES R, MARCELA M L, LUCIANA R, CÉSAR M M, MARIA G A (Univ Nacional del Litoral, Argentina) : Environment chemistry: Comparative studies and sublethal ecotoxicity of new antifungals on daphnia magna as model organism. Asian Jr of Microbiol Biotech Env Sc 2021, Vol 23 (1), 1 - 7.

The objective of this work was to compare through chronic tests, the sublethal effects of two compounds: the antifungal commercial Pellital Bio-F36 (TCMTB), and a synthetic eco-friendly gemini (Gem3e) compound in Daphnia magna. Both compounds are used in the industry as antifungals for the preservation of woods and leathers. The attributes of life history recorded as endpoints were: survival; growth; fecundity and net reproductive rate (Ro). The net reproductive rate (Ro) was =0 in the bioassays conducted with 1x10^-4, 5x10^-5 and 2.5x10^-5 mg L^-1 of TCMTB. This value is indicative of no reproductive events, condition that would indicate a population decline and possible local extinction. For the synthetic compound type-gemini (Gem-3e) only in the lowest concentration Ro was >1. Changes occurred in the life cycle of D. magna exposed to both compounds, but the concentrations tested with the commercial formulation was between 2100 and 2403 times lower than those of the Gem-3e compound.

2 illus, 1 tables, 36 ref

003254   MENGANE S K, KAMBLE A D (Chemistry Dep, Shri Yashwantrao Patil Science Coll, Solankur - 416 212) : Green synthesis and characterization of fe and ag core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles with the help of Launea procumbens. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 134 - 6.

Core shell bimetallic ferrous and silver bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Launea procumbens. Initially, Fe nanoparticles were obtained by using plant extract, with FeSO₄ as precursor salt, and thereafter AgNO₃ was added for the formation of shell on it without the help of plant extract. The Fe-Ag NPs thus prepared were characterized by UVvisible Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy.

2 illus, 12 ref

003241   DESHMUKH P, MOGLE U P (S.B. Lakhotia Commerce, and R.Benzonji Science Coll, Jalna - 431 203, Maharashtra) : Antifungal activity and characterization of ethanolic extracts of Ricinus communis (castor). Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 61 - 3.

Ethanolic extracts of Ricinus communis (castor) leaves showed strong antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. Studies with Gas chromatography, coupled with High resolution Mass Spcectroscope (GCHRMS) revealed that various classes of chemical compounds were present inthe ethanolic extracts of Ricinus communis.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

003211   ANAND H, SINGH N, KUMAR S (Chemistry Dep, Markanda National Coll, Shahabad Markanda - 136 135, Email: suresh980980@gmail.com) : Ion-solvent interactions investigated by isentropic compressibility measurements of lithium and sodium salts in binary mixtures of acetonitrile and nitromethane at 298.15 K. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (6), 1447 - 51.

Ultrasonic velocities (u) and densities (ρ) of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh₄), tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu₄NBPh₄) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu₄NClO₄) were measured in the concentration range 0.001-0.25 mol kg^-1 in acetonitrile (AN) and nitromethane (NM) binary mixtures consisting of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol%NM in AN at 298.15 K. The isentropic compressibility (K_s) and apparent molal isentropic compressibility (K_s,f) values of the above salts in all solvent mixtures have been evaluated from experimental data. Limiting apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (K^o _s,φ) for various salts were evaluated and split into the ionic contributions (K^o _s,φ)_±. The variation of (K^o _s,φ)_± with solvent compositions shows that Li⁺ and Na⁺ ions have very large negative (K^o _s,φ)_± values indicating strong solvation of both Li⁺ and Na⁺ ions in AN + NM mixtures over whole binary solvent composition range. Stronger solvation was further observed in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures. Li⁺ ions, however, showed much higher solvation as compared to Na+ ions at all compositions. The ClO₄ ^– ions showed feeble solvation in AN + NM mixtures through some interaction with AN binary mixtures with higher mol% of AN. The positive values of (K^o _s,φ)_± with large magnitude for Bu₄N⁺ and Ph₄B^– ions indicate solvophobic type of interaction with the solvent molecules, which is stronger in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures.

2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref