047647   MATILDA J J, REJI T F A F (Chemistry and Research Centre Dep, Nesamony Memorial Christian Coll, Marthandam - 629 165, Email: abbsfen@gmail.com) : Synthesis, antioxidant activity and dft study of some novel N - methylated indole incorporating isoxazole moieties. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (2), 244 - 8.

A novel series of indolyl isoxazole derivatives were synthesized and the structure of the products is confirmed on the basis of IR, 1 H NMR, MS and analytical data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. The results revealed clearly those compounds 4b and 4d exhibited better radical scavenging ability. The optimized structural parameters of all compounds was carried out at the B3LYP/6 - 311++G (d, p) level of DFT basis set implemented in Gaussian 09 program package. Theoretical calculation of the title compounds were carried out using density functional theory method (DFT).

3 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

047646   DAO T P, QUYEN N T C, TRAN T H, THINH P V, LONG P Q, TOAN T Q, NGUYEN N H, VO D M H, LE X T, TRUNG L N Y @all (Food Technology Dep, Can Tho Univ, Vietnam, Email: nthithuong@ntt.edu.vn; nvmuoi@ctu.edu.vn) : Optimization of Operating Conditions of Essential Oil Extraction of Vietnamese Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Peels by Hydrodistillation Process. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (2), 237 - 43.

This study attempted the optimization of the extraction process involving essential oils from Vietnamese pomelo fruits. Three influential parameters including ratio of water and material, extraction time, and temperature were assumed to be impactful to the oil yield and were investigated by establishing a statistical model. A central composite design was adopted to generate dataset required for estimation of the model. Analysis of variance was used to calculate model significance. The results showed that optimum yield of pomelo oil is 4.46 % (v/w) corresponding to water ratio of 507 mL water to 100 g sample, temperature at 119.29 ?C and distillation time of 113.68 min. Predicted values proposed by the Design Expert 11 software well - agreed with the empirical data, suggesting the excellent predictability of the proposed models. In addition, the essential oil obtained under optimal conditions was analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The results indicated that D - limonene is the main component (97.318 %) of essential oil.

5 illus, 5 tables, 33 ref

047644   GARG A (Chemistry Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwar Univ, Mullana - 133 207, Email: amitagarg2003@gmail.com ) : Trace Determination of Thorium with 6 - Chloro - 3 - hydroxy - 2 - (2? - furyl) - 4H - chromen - 4 - one as an Analytical Reagent. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (2), 228 - 32.

A simple, rapid, highly sensitive and selective method for the spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of thorium(IV) has been worked out using 6 - chloro - 3 - hydroxy - 2 - (2? - furyl) - 4H - chromen - 4 - one (CHFC) as a complexing agents in a acidified (CH3COOH, pH 3.5) medium. The yellow complex shows a maximum absorbance at 425 - 435 nm. The method obeys Beer?s law upto 3.5 ?g Th cm - 2. As many as 31 cations and 11 anions and/or complexing agents do not interfere. The method has good reproducibility and can be satisfactorily applied to the determination of thorium in samples corresponding to Australian monazite in composition.

4 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

047643   VEERENDRA Y V S, BRAHMAN P K, MANKUMARE S D, CH J R, SATISH J (Chemistry Dep, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram - 522 502, Email: veerendrayvs@gmail.com) : Design of experimental approach to analytical robustness study for uhplc method developed for separation and quantification of spironolactone and its impurities in drug substances. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (2), 219 - 27.

The present work demonstrates the development of an optimal, robust, validated UHPLC method for quantification of related impurities and assay determination of spironolactone. Design of experiment procedure, in combination with statistical evaluation of the data was used to test the robustness of developed method. A stability indicating method was established by forced degradation experiments. Analytical robustness was determined using design of experiment approach. The chromatographic separation was achieved with Agilent SB - C18 RRHD column using gradient elution with mobile phase - A consists of a mixture of 0.1 % each formic acid and ammonia in water and methanol as mobile phase - B respectively. The developed method is exhaustively validated for parameters like precision, accuracy, linearity, LOD, LOQ, ruggedness and robustness. The stability tests were also performed on drug substances as per ICH norms. Base line separation was achieved for all impurities, degradation products and the API. All impurities were eluted within 12 min, there was a remarkable 3.5 - fold decrease in runtime and a clear baseline separation between all peaks in comparison with Ph.Eur monograph. A multi - dimensional design space was built to study the robustness of developed method using design expert software. Significant parameters such as effect of flow rate, buffer strength and mobile phase compositions were optimized at three levels. Plackett - Burman design was applied for screening of chromatographic conditions and factorial design was applied for optimization of essential factors in robustness studies.

5 illus, 7 tables, 20 ref

047642   LIU E, JIAN F (Henan Univ of Science and Technology, P.R. China, Email: ffj2013@163.com; 798233443@haust.edu.cn ) : Cobalt(II) Chloride Complex of Propylene - 1,3 - diamine as CO2 Absorber . Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 215 - 8.

A new CO2 absorber is reported in this paper. When CoCl3 is mixed with propylenediamine at room temperature and atmospheric ambient pressure, the extremely low concentration of CO2 in the air can be absorbed to form a stable metal complex [Co(PPD)2CO3]Cl?H2O (PPD = 1,3 - propylenediamine). The CO2 capture capacity can reach 23.6 wt. %. Although Co is relatively expensive, the practical use of cobalt metal complexes produced still needs to be developed. This study provides an idea of capturing CO2 at low concentration under normal conditions. Through the structural characterization and performance study of complex [Co(PPD)2CO3]Cl?H2O, a new method for CO2 capture was explored. Thermogravimetric analysis data show that the compound [Co(PPD)2CO3]Cl?H2O has the ability to desorption CO2 and H2O at 160 - 220 ?C, and the ability to adsorb CO2 or regenerate CO2 is being explored. The electrochemical property of compound [Co(PPD)2CO3]Cl?H2O were also investigated.

5 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

047641   KUMAR D, SINGH A K, KUMAR A, PRASAD D, KUMAR V, SHARMA S (Chemistry Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodhgaya - 824 234, Email: sharma.shivadhar@gmail.com) : Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological activity of metal(ii) complexes of 2,4,5 - trimethoxybenzaldehyde - S - benzyldithiocarbazone. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 209 - 14.

2,4,5 - Trimethoxybenzaldehyde was condensed with S - benzyldithiocarbazate to give Schiff base 2,4,5 - trimethoxy benzaldehyde - Sbenzyldithiocarbazone (BBTC), which was used for complexation with Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) metal ions. The complexes were formulated as M(BBTC)2X2 where X is Cl? , NO3 ? and CH3COO? . The FTIR spectra of the metal complexes in comparison to that of free ligand suggested the coordination through azomethine nitrogen and thion sulphur forming six membered chelating with metal ion. The magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectral bands revealed octahedral symmetry (Oh) around Mn(II) but tetragonally distorted octahedral symmetry (D4h) of Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes. The positive value of Dt for Fe(II) (68.42 - 135.2 cm - 1) and Co(II) (263 - 280 cm - 1) clearly indicated elongation along z - axis in these complexes which was also supported by the less value of Dq(z) than Dq(xy) for the metal complexes. The ligand as well as its metal complexes have been found active against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antibacterial activity of the free ligand has been observed to have enhanced in metal complexes

7 tables, 64 ref

047640   ASHOK D , MADHURI E L V, SARASIJA M (Chemistry Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad - 500 007, Email: ashokdou@gmail.com) : Green synthesis of spiropyranone 3 - aryl - 4 - methylcoumarin derivatives using carbonyldiimidazole. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 205 - 8.

A series of spiropyranone 3 - aryl - 4 - methylcoumarin derivatives have been synthesized from monospiro - 2 - hydroxy acetophenone in a novel and efficient green method using imidazolyl intermediates and inorganic base. Imidazolyl intermediates were in turn generated by grinding the respective phenylacetic acid along with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). Similarly, monospiro - 2 - hydroxy acetophenone derivatives were prepared selectively by avoiding formation of bis derivatives following literature procedure. The titled compounds were purified by preparative TLC technique and were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13C NMR as well as mass spectral methods.

1 table, 30 ref

047639   SINGH S K, TRIPATHI L (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Agra Public Pharmacy Coll, Artoni, Agra - 282 007, Email: tripathilaxmi1979@gmail.com) : Synthesis, anticonvulsant evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel benzo[1,3]dioxol - 5 - yloxy - N? - (4 - substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide Derivatives. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 199 - 204.

Novel (benzo[1,3]dioxol - 5 - yloxy) - N? - (4 - substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide derivatives were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activity evaluated by MES and scMET seizure models. Compound 2 - (benzo[d][1,3]dioxol - 5 - yloxy) - N? - benzylideneacetohydrazide (4a) was found to be most potent in MES seizure test and showed no neurotoxicity at the highest administered dose. All the compounds showed high docking score with ? - aminobutyric acid receptor, GABAAR - ?3 homopentamer (PDB ID: 4COF). Thus, the probable mechanism of action of benzo[1,3]dioxol - 5 - yloxy - N? - (4 - substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide derivatives (4a - h) may be augmentation of GABAergic activity.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

047638   SUN K J, CAI Z (Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China, Email: jsyc_czs@163.com; hgxskj@126.com) : Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of 2 - pyridinecarboxamide. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 195 - 8.

2 - Pyridinecarboxamide was synthesized from 2 - picoline through two - steps reaction. Initially, 2 - picoline was converted into 2 - cyanopyridine by ammoxidation in a stainless - steel fixed - bed reactor at 370 ?C with V2O5 loaded on TiO2 as catalyst. The 2 - cyanopyridine was transformed into 2 - pyridinecarboxamide through oxidation hydrolysis in basic solution using MnO2 as oxidant at 70 ?C. The final product was characterized by FT - IR, NMR and UV - visible analysis, and 2 - pyridinecarboxamide in the final product was determined using HPLC. The crystal structure of 2 - pyridinecarboxamide was investigated using X - ray diffraction and SHELX 2018/3 (sh) software and the result indicated that 2 - pyridinecarboxamide crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.207(2), b = 7.097(3), c = 16.243(6) ?, V = 595.7 (4) ?3 ; Z = 4.

5 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

047637   KUMARI S S (Chemistry & Research center Dep, South Travancore Hindu Coll, Nagercoil - 629 002, Email: sukumaris040@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial activity of copper(ii) and cobalt(ii) complexes of citral - valine derived schiff base. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 192 - 4.

In present work, the screening of antimicrobial activities of copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation of citral with valine (amino acid) was carried out on agar plates are reported. The antibacterial activity of Schiff base and its copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes were evaluated against two bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (Gram - positive), Escherichia coli (Gram - negative) and fungus Candida albicans. The results revealed that the Schiff base ligand exhibited the poor antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans except for Staphylococcus aureus. Generally, Gram - negative bacteria shows rigid outer membrane, well enough to defend against the drug but Schiff base (citral with valine derived) impregnated cobalt(II) complex seem to be more active against Escherichia coli organisms in comparison to copper(II) complex, which exhibits higher activity than uncomplexed ligand. The antimicrobial results revealed that cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes have a considerable antibacterial activity than antifungal activity and suggest their potential application as antibacterial agents.

1 table, 36 ref

047636   JEYA G, ANBARASU M, DHANALAKSHMI R, VINITHA V, SIVAMURUGAN V (Chemistry Dep, Pachaiyappa?s Coll, Chennai - 600 030, Email: sivaatnus@gmail.com) : Depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) wastes through glycolysis using lewis acidic bentonite catalysts. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 187 - 91.

In the present investigation, the authors explored the depolymerization of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) beverage bottles using glycolysis (transesterification) catalyzed by Al3+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ impregnated bentonite catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts such as clay, zeolite, alumina etc. preferred over homogeneous catalysts, thus we focused on the development of solid acid catalysts based on economically viable clay catalysts. The desired Lewis acidic nature was introduced by wet impregnation method at variable metal ion to clay ratio such as 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 wt. %. The effect of metal - ion loading on the surface area, pore volume and crystalline nature of the bentonite has been evaluated by nitrogen adsorption and desorption studies and XRD. The PET wastes collected from post - consumer beverage bottles were depolymerized using ethylene glycol as a glycolyting agent afforded bis(2 - hydroxy ethyl)terephthalate (BHET) in 85 - 90 % yield under optimized conditions. The yield of BHET was observed to be increasing with increase in Lewis acidic metal ions loading from 0.5 to 4.0 wt. % as well as increase in catalysts to PET ratio. Among the catalysts, Al3+ and Zn2+ - bentonite catalysts showed higher yield of BHET up to 90 % at 4 and 5 wt. % loading of metal - ion.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

047635   KISHORE R, KAMBOJ M, SHUKLA M, CHATURVEDI D (Chemistry Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Central Univ, Motihari - 845 401, Email: devduttchaturvedi@gmail.com ) : Triton - B mediated efficient synthesis of thioxoimidazolidine - 4,5 - diones. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 183 - 6.

A simple, mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of thioxoimidazolidine - 4,5 - diones (1 - 15) from substituted thiourea employing Triton - B/CS2 system has been discussed. The protocol described is an easy, efficient, nature - friendly method using cheap, easily available, less toxic reagents at room temperature. The synthesis involves the reaction between substituted thiourea in toluene and oxalyl chloride at room temperature using phase transfer catalyst Triton - B/CS2 system.

1 table, 31 ref

047633   HEMA , BHATT T, PANT T, DHONDIYAL C C, TIWARI H (Physics Dep, M.B. Government P.G. Coll, Haldwani - 263 139, Email: tarabhatt0511@gmail.com, itsmehemaarya@gmail.com) : Ultrasonic study of effect of temperature and concentration on molecular interaction in ternary liquid mixture (Propylene Glycol + Benzene + Ethanol). Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 167 - 73.

Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity in the ternary mixture of propylene glycol, benzene and ethanol have been measured at 303, 308, 313 and 318 K and 2 MHz. The values of excess thermo - acoustic parameters uE , ?E , Ks E , Lf E , Vm E , ZE ; and the Lennard - Jones potential repulsive term exponent (n) have been calculated by using the values of measured parameters. The variation in values and signs of excess parameters with increase in concentration of propylene glycol and temperature is explained by the mechanism of changing the nature of molecular interactions between unlike molecules. Further, the experimental ultrasonic velocities are compared with theoretical values calculated by using various theories like Nomoto?s relation (NR), Schaaffs?s collision factor theory (CFT) and Jacobson?s free length theory (FLT). The relative applicability of these theories is discussed in terms of average percentage errors (APE). The average percentage errors follows the order CFT < NR < FLT at each temperature.

7 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

047632   BASAVARAJA T, BHADRACHAR S, MAHADEVAN K M, VIJAYAKUMAR G R (Chemistry Dep, Tumkur Univ, Tumkur - 572 103, Email: vijaykumargr18@gmail.com) : . Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 161 - 6.

Transition metal complexes, viz., tetrapyridylbis(isothiocyanato)nickel(II) (1), dipyridylbis(isothiocyanato)copper(II) (2) and dipyridylbis - (isothiocyanato)zinc(II) (3) were synthesized by conventional methods. All the synthesized metal complexes were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. Diffused reflectance (DR) spectra of the complexes 1 - 3 recorded in the range 200 - 1100 nm exhibit major peaks at 450 nm and 750 nm (% diffused reflectance 50 and 55, respectively) for complex 1, 500 nm (20 % diffused reflectance) for complex 2 and 400 nm (50 % diffused reflectance) for complex 3. The excitation and emission peaks obtained from photoluminescence spectra indicated the emission of white, green and white lights by the complexes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. From diffused reflectance spectra, the measured band gap energies were found to be 3.95 eV for complex 1, 2.77 eV for complex 2 and 4.3 eV for complex 3. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.31533, 0.33082), (0.22605, 0.35099) and (0.28633, 0.31012) were calculated for the complexes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The phosphors 1 - 3 were readily soluble in various common organic solvents and they could become promising light emitting materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).

3 illus, 33 ref

047631   KUMAR H, DHANDA T (Chemistry Dep, Central Univ of Haryana, Mahendergarh - 123 031, Email: harimoudgil1@gmail.com) : Application of 1,2,3 - benzotriazole as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulphuric acid medium at different temperature. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 153 - 60.

Corrosion inhibition property of 1,2,3 - benzotriazole for mild steel in 0.1 N sulphuric acid was evaluated at different concentrations and temperatures using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, differential pulse, stripping voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The surface study was carried out using metallurgical research and SEM microscopy. Increase in Warburg impedance and capacitive current and decrease in Faradaic current and capacitive loop was observed with increase in concentration of inhibitor. 1,2,3 - Benzotriazole was found as a best corrosion inhibitor (94 %) for mild steel as compared to other inhibitors suggesting 1,2,3 - benzotriazole as a potential alternate corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4.

8 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

047630   GEETHA V T, PUTHILIBAI G, INDUJA S (Chemistry Dep, Sri Sairam Engineering Coll, Sai Leo Nagar, West Tambaram, Chennai - 600 044, Email: geethavt@yahoo.com) : Influence of structural, thermoelectric power and catalytic efficiency of Nd - Doped Mn3O4. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 147 - 152.

Hexagonal shape Nd doped Mn3O4 samples were prepared via microwave route using urea as reducing agent. Nd doped Mn3O4 magnetic, structural, optical and morphological properties of the synthesized hexagonal like particles were examined by diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL), XRD, SEM, TEM and vibrating sample measurements (VSM) studies. Morphological results showed the hexagonal shape morphology and uniform size dispersal. The crystallite size and the particle size calculated and the TEM monographs designate the correl - ation of the data obtained from both measurements. It could be noted that saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence (Mr) values reduce by maximizing neodymium replacement.

6 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

047629   JYOTHI P N, SIREESHA B (Chemistry Dep, Nizam Coll, Basheerbagh, Hyderabad - 500 001, Email: berleysiree@gmail.com) : Equilibrium, DNA cleavage and antimicrobial studies of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with novel 1 - propionyl - 4 - methyl - 3 - thiosemicarbazide. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 142 - 6.

Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes with novel Schiff base 1 - propionyl - 4 - methyl - 3 - thiosemicarbazide (PMTSC) were synthesized and characterized by LC - MS, IR, 1 H NMR (D2O exchangeable), 13C NMR and UV - visible spectra, ESR, TGA, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectro - analytical studies revealed the composition of complexes as ML2 for Cu(II) - PMTSC and Zn(II) - PMTSC complex. The proton - ligand dissociation constant and metal - ligand formation constants of PMTSC with Zn(II) have been determined in 70 % (v/v) DMF - water medium at 0.1M (KNO3) ionic strength and 303 K using potentiometric Irving - Rossotti titration technique. The results revealed that PMTSC acts as monobasic ligand by releasing proton from amide via enol form and forms 1:2 (Zn - L) complex in solution. The cleavage of plasmid pBR322 DNA without any additives was monitored by gel electrophoresis and these complexes exhibited hydrolytic cleavage of plasmid DNA. The antibacterial activity of the Schiff base and its Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were tested against Gram - positive and Gram - negative bacteria.

7 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

047628   ABRAHAM P, RENJINI S, ANITHAKUMARY V, CHITHRA P G (Chemistry Dep, Sree Narayana Coll for Women, Kollam - 691 001, Email: pinkyabrahampanavila80@gmail.com) : An electrochemical sensor based on electrodeposited ctab film on glassy carbon electrode for detection of morphine. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 137 - 141.

A simple, effective and rapid method for the electrochemical detection of morphine is described based on glassy carbon modified electrode with poly(CTAB). In this work, poly(CTAB) thin film was generated through elecropolymerization of the surfactant CTAB. The formation of nanoporous thin film of poly(CTAB) was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive spectra (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical behavior of morphine is explained in terms of the anodic oxidation of its tertiary amino group. The limit of detection was calculated as 0.2 ?M with a good regression between concentration and peak current of morphine by using differential pulse voltammetry within the range of 50 nM to 20 ?M. The poly(CTAB)/GCE based sensor shows excellent electrochemical performance for the detection of morphine and this sensing platform can be effective for the detection of similar molecules.

8 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

047627   DASH S (Chemistry Dep, Roland Institute of Technology, Berhampur - 761 008, Email: dash.simanchal73@gmail.com) : Inclusion complexes of some substituted 4 - thiazolidinones with activating and deactivating group . Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 133 - 6.

Some substituted 4 - thiazolidinones have been prepared by taking 2 - hydrazinobenzothiazole as a staring material. Polar solvent water makes less solubility of these compounds. Hence inclusions of compounds are prepared by taking suitable ratio of compound and ? - cyclodextrin. The purpose of this work is to synthesize more soluble and more bioaccesible compounds. The synthesized compounds and their inclusions are known from the study of their thermodynamic properties and spectral characteristics (UV, IR and NMR). Pharmaceutical activity of the compounds and inclusion can be performed by using the bacteria namely E. coli, S. aureus and P. vulgaris. Considering and discussing all the matters, it has been found that inclusion formation shows more antibacterial activity than simple compound.

4 tables, 28 ref

047626   JADHAV R L, YADAV A V, PATIL M V (Chemistry Dep, JADHAV R L, YADAV A V, PATIL M V, Limb - 415 001, Email: rahuljadhav_25@rediffmail.com ) : Poly sulfoxyamine grafted chitosan as bactericidal dressing for wound healing. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 127 - 132.

In this study, sulfoxyamine derivative of chitosan was carried out by reaction with thionyl chloride and further treated with ammonia. FTIR, 1 H NMR, elemental analysis and DSC methods are used for confirmation of modification. The results revealed that the modified chitosan exhibits better water solubility than chitosan. The evaluation of the applicability of sulfoxyamine modified chitosan in the treatment of dermal wound in rats was performed by induction of transcutaneous wound. The antibacterial activity was tested on Gramnegative and Gram - positive strains. It was found that the modified chitosan showed grater activity against Gram - negative stains as compared to Gram - positive strains. The superior wound healing and antibacterial activity might be due to the grafting of additional cationic group on the polymeric backbone and their ionic interaction with anionic cell wall of skin or bacteria. Modified chitosan also showed significant physical properties like mucoadhesion and film forming or coating properties. The modified chitosan forms film with good adhesion on wound which will protect the wound and also allows gas exchange. These properties are beneficial for treatment of wounds. Similar to chitosan, modified chitosan showed non - toxicity in skin irritation, oral acute toxicity and cytotoxicity.

6 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

047625   SUNAR S L, SINGH K S, KUNDU S (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Barjala, Jirania - 799046, Email: kundu12@gmail.com) : Synthesis and spectral studies of some Zn(II) complexes with substituted N,N - Donor ligands derived from pyridine - 2 - carbaldehyde. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 122 - 6.

A series of four neutral zinc complexes with substituted N,N - donor ligands viz. Ln = (E) - N - (pyridin - 2 - ylmethylene)anilines of composition [Zn(NO3)2(L1)] (1), [Zn(NO3)2L2] (2), [Zn(NO3)2L3] (3), [Zn(NO3)2L4] (4) were synthesized and characterized. The spectroscopic properties of the Zn(II) complexes were studied by UV - visible, fluorescence, IR and 1 H NMR spectral analysis. All the zinc(II) complexes are water soluble and non - electrolyte in solution. Efforts for getting single crystals suitable for X - ray crystal structure could not be achieved. However, on the basis of spectral studies, compounds 1 - 4 are proposed to have octahedral geometry. The emission spectra of all the complexes show ? - ?* (intra - ligand) transition.

2 illus, 1 table, 54 ref

047624   ADHIKARI C, KAUR M, RAVICHANDRAN (Chemistry Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara - 144411, Email: adhikarichemistry@gmail.com) : Sunlight assisted degradation of methylene blue as a model dye using bismuth oxychloride nanoparticles: ecofriendly and industry efficient photocatalysis for waste chemical treatment. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 115 - 121.

In this study, an efficient sunlight triggered dye degradation was demonstrated using methylene blue as a model dye and bismuth oxychloride nanoparticles were used as photocatalyst. Two different types of nanoparticles, nanoflower and nanodisk, were prepared to understand the effect of morphology on the photocatalysis. Both the particles were prepared following a straightforward and easy methodology from readily available chemicals. The particles were characterized using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, powder X - ray diffraction. UV - visible spectroscopy and colorimeter were used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. Both the nanoparticles were able to degrade the dye completely within 3 - 4 h under visible light. The photocatalytic rate constant analysis demonstrates that out of two morphology, nanoflower is found to be more effective than nanodisk towards dye degradation. The sunlight was also used to understand whether the photocatalyst can degrade the dye or not in presence of sunlight only. Both nanoparticles were able to degrade the dye 100 % in presence of sunlight within maximum 4 h. The photocatalytic dye degradation in presence of sunlight was conducted in between 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. when the maximum amount of sunlight is available with high intensity and energy. The catalysts were 100 % active after the first cycle and upto four cycles the dye degradation efficiency remain around 60 - 80%. The study demonstrates that sunlight can degrade the dye in presence of these photocatalyst which clearly indicates its energy saving approach thus making it more economic and green methodology for the industries.

9 illus, 37 ref

047623   JAYAN L M, KARTHIKEYAN S, SHEEBA D J, ANGEL G R, KRIPA E V, MADESWARAN S, STEPHEN A (VIT Univ, Vellore - 632 014, Email: stephen_arum@hotmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol - gum arabic polymer blend membranes. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 111 - 4.

Membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), gum arabic (GA) homopolymer and their blends of six different compositions (w/w) were prepared using solution casting method. Mixing of synthetic polymer e.g., PVA and natural polymer e.g., gum arabic can give a new class of polymer blend with better mechanical properties and biocompatibility than those of single components. The structural, optical and conductivity studies of these prepared membranes were examined by XRD, FTIR, UV and EIS. The XRD diffraction patterns for the polymer blend samples showed that they are more amorphous in nature as compared to pure PVA and pure gum arabic. The FTIR analysis of the samples gave information about various functional groups present in the samples. The energy band gap of various samples were obtained from UV - visible analysis. The conductivity of polymer membrane was analyzed by electronics impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Addition of natural polymer gum arabic has resulted slight increase in the conductivity of blend polymer

5 illus, 22 ref

047622   BEHERA M, BISWAL S K, PANDA B S, AHEMAD M A (Chemistry Dep, Silicon Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 024, Email: manoranjan@silicon.ac.in, dr.skbiswal@cutm.ac.in) : Study of optical, structural, thermal and dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene diflouride)/cuprous oxide polymer nanocomposites. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 106 - 110.

Herein, a development of cuprous oxide (Cu2O)/polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer nanocomposite (PNC) films by solution casting route is reported. The nanocomposite films were characterized using UV - visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X - ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and LCR meter. Formation of a broad band near 465 nm for polymer nanocomposite suggests that Cu2O nanoparticles are present in the film. Some of the vibrational bands of PVDF were slightly shifted from their original position and the intensity of some bands were found to increase in presence of nanoparticles. Such features reveal that some interaction occurs between PVDF and Cu2O nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the nanoparticles are interconnected to each other through PVDF polymer chain. Crystalline nature of Cu2O nanoparticles in the film was confirmed from XRD pattern. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that thermal stability of neat PVDF has increased in presence of nanoparticles. The neat PVDF showed dielectric constant value of 8 at frequency 100 Hz, while that of 1 wt% Cu2O doped PVDF polymer nanocomposite has exhibited dielectric constant value ~175 at the same frequency.

6 illus, 22 ref

047621   SUBASHINI C, PAVAI R E, BALU L (Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore - 641 046, Email: subashini.rajeshs@gmail.com : subashini.rajeshs@gmail.com : subashini.rajeshs@gmail.com ) : Effect of Pb2+ Ions on the mechanical, structural and thermal behaviour of B2O3 - CaO Glasses. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 101 - 5.

B2O3 - CaO - PbO glasses with different concentrations of PbO (5 - 20 mol % in four steps) were prepared by melt quench technique. The amorphous nature and homogeneities of the prepared glasses were confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses. Ultrasonic velocities and density were measured at 303 K using pulse - echo technique and Archimedes? principle respectively. Various parameters, viz., molar volume, longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Young?s modulus, Poisson?s ratio, micro - hardness and Debye temperature have been evaluated from the measured data. The results of ultrasonic properties indicate that the incorporation of lead ions expand the calcium borate network structure. FTIR spectra revealed that boron exists in both trigonal and tetrahedral structural units and no boroxial ring formation takes place in the glass structure. The transition temperature, melting temperature and crystallization temperature have been identified using DTA measurements.

6 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

047620   RAO N M, VIVEKA T L, RAJU K M, CHARY M T (Chemistry Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ Hyderabad, Hyderabad - 500 085, Email: an_madhavarao@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole Derivatives of 1,3 - Dihydro - 1 - oxoisobenzofuran - 5 - carboxylic Acid. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 95 - 100.

This work relates to the synthesis of novel 1,3,4 - oxadiazole derivatives (5a - h) from 1,3 - dihydro - 1 - oxoisobenzofuran - 5 - carboxylic acid. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by using IR, 1 H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Further these synthesized derivatives were subjected to biological activity.

1 table, 26 ref

047619   ALPHONSE L, THARMARAJ P , JOSEPHINE B A, TERESITA V M (Chemistry Dep, Stella Maris Coll, Chennai - 600 086, Email: alfosdb@gmail.com) : Novel triazine centred manganese based complex: A photophysical and biological studies. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 91 - 4.

In this work, Mn(II) complex of triazine based ligand has been synthesized and characterized using various physico - chemical methods including C,H,N elemental analysis, FT - IR, 1 H NMR and EI - mass analysis. The synthesized compounds serve as potential photoactive material as indicated from its characteristic fluorescent properties. The ligand and its metal complex were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity on four bacterial strains (S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and K. pneumoniae) using well - diffusion method and it was observed that metal complex showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against all tested strains as compared to ligand.

4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

047618   JYOTHI B, MADHAVI N (Chemistry Dep, J.K.C. Coll, Guntur - 522 006, Email: madhavijkcchempg@gmail.com) : Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel N - Arylimidazo[1,2 - a]pyrazine - 2 - Carboxamide Derivatives. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 84 - 90.

The article deals with the synthesis of some novel N - arylimidazo[1,2 - a]pyrazine - 2 - carboxamides (7a - l) by condensation reaction of imidazo[1,2 - a]pyrazine - 2 - carboxylic acid (5) with different aliphatic/aromatic amines (6a - l) by using 1 - methylimidazole, Mukaiyama?s reagent and 2 - chloro - 1 - methylpyridinium iodide under microwave irradiation conditions. A new series of compounds 7 have been prepared from 2 - iodopyrazine (1). Compound 1 on purged with ammonia gas in the presence of Cu2O and K2CO3 furnishes pyrazin - 2 - amine (2), which is treated with ethyl 3 - bromo - 2 - oxopropanoate (3) to produce ethyl imidazo[1,2 - a]pyrazine - 2 - carboxylate (4), which on hydrolysis with NaOH yields imidazo[1,2 - a]pyrazine - 2 - carboxylic acid (5). The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been elucidated on the basis of spectral (IR, 1 H and 13C NMR and MS) and analytical data. Compounds 7a - l have also been screened for their antimicrobial activity. Some of the compounds exhibit promising antimicrobial activity.

3 tables, 46 ref

047616   JANAKI P, SUDHA R, SRIBHARATHI T S, ANITHA P, POORNIMA K, PREMKUMAR P ( Chemistry Dep, Gnanamani Coll of Technology, Namakkal - 637 018, Email: sudhar8680@gmail.com, sribharathivicas@gmail.com, anitha1180@gmail.com) : Removal of Cadmium(II) from water using modified citrus limettioides peels: Thermodynamic and isotherm studies. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 73 - 8.

The adsorption performance of sulphuric acid treated low cost adsorbent synthesized by using Citrus limettioides peel as an effective raw material for the removal of cadmium(II) from water. The batch adsorption method was carried out to optimize some parameters like contact time, pH and adsorbent dose. The nonlinear isotherm equations were used to calculate the different isotherm constant of five isotherm models namely Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin - Radushkevich, Redlich - Peterson and Sips. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of chemically modified Citrus limettioides peel was found to be 287.60 mg g - 1. The negative values of ?G? and ?H? showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic.

6 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

047615   JHANSI T N, KUMAR D P, RAJANA N, KUMAR D J, RAO G N (Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, Email: jhansireddyau@gmail.com, tnagajhansi@drreddys.com) : Reverse phase chiral HPLC method for enantiomeric excess determination of 2 - aminobutanamide. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 69 - 72.

A reverse phase chiral HPLC method was developed for the determination of (R) - 2 - aminobutanamide isomer content in (S) - 2 - aminobutanamide key starting material for levetiracetam drug substance by using a CROWNPAK CR (+) column. Perchloric acid solution (0.05 %) was used as mobile phase and the flow rate was finalized as 0.3 mL/min. UV detection wavelength was 200 nm and column temperature was set as 15 ?C. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.0002 mg/mL and 0.0005 mg/mL, respectively. The linearity calibration curve of (R) - 2 - aminobutanamide was shown good from the range of 0.0005 mg/mL to 0.004 mg/mL. The recovery of (R) - 2 - aminobutanamide isomer was between the range of 93 to 106 % in presence of (S) - 2 - aminobutanamide. The method was validated and found to be precise, accurate and robust. The method can be used for determination of (R) - 2 - aminobutanamide in presence of (S) - 2 - aminobutanamide, which is the key intermediate for preparation of levetiracetam. This method was validated in as per ICH Q2 (R1) and USP validation of compendial methods (1225).

5 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

047614   KUMAR P, KUMAR D (Chemistry Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara - 144 411, Email: pushpendra.kmr1@gmail.com) : Gas sensing properties of ZnO - SnO2 nanocomposite. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 64 - 8.

In present study, ZnO - SnO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by co - precipitation method and its sensing properties with respect to carbon monoxide gas were investigated. X - ray diffraction pattern shows the exhaustive evolution of hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO and rutile phase of SnO2. Morphological study was done by FE - SEM and optical characterization was done by UV - visible spectrophotometer. To study the sensing properties, material was layered on conducting substrate and resistance was recorded in the presence of air and CO gas at different operating temperature. Sensing responses of pure ZnO and ZnO - SnO2 composite was also compared. ZnO - SnO2 showed much enhanced response along with better response and recovery time compared to pure ZnO.

7 illus, 24 ref

047613   KHAPATE S R, WANKHEDE D S, DESHPANDE A S, KHILLARE N S, KHANDAGALE A ( Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Vishnupuri, Nanded - 431 606, Email: dswchem@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, characterization and enzyme inhibition activity of organophosphorus trichalcones containing core - phosphate moiety. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 59 - 63.

Facile synthesis of various organophosphorus trichalcones, possessing substantial insecticidal activity, by using tris(4 - acetylphenyl) - phosphate (3) and substituted benzaldehydes as a precursor has been reported. Key precursor 3 has been prepared under mild conditions in presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer catalyst. All the synthesized compounds (5a - h) were screened for their antibacterial activity and inhibition of ? - amylase of insect pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionadeae). Biological activity evaluation study revealed that among all the compounds screened, compound 5g found to have promising inhibition of ? - amylase of insect pest, Tribolium castaneum. All the synthesized compounds revealed insignificant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria even at 500 ?g/mL.

2 tables, 40 ref

047612   SARANGI D, SAMANTARAY A C, SAHU R, NANDA B B (Chemistry Dep, KIIT Univ, Bhubaneswar - 751 024, Email: rojalinsahu.chem@gmail.com, bbnanda.driems@gmail.com) : Interactions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with 1,3 - dioxolane in water: a study of viscosity and volumetric properties. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 53 - 8.

Densities and viscosities of ternary mixtures containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous solution of 1,3 - dioxolane have been measured at 5 K intervals from 298.15 to 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results of viscosity and density have been analyzed by using Jones - Dole equation and Masson equation. The values of constants A and B of Jones - Dole equation have been interpreted in terms of solute - solute and solute - solvent interactions. The standard partial molar volume,V? 0 at infinite dilution were determined from Masson equations. The structure making/breaking capacity of solute is interpreted with the help of Helper equation. The positive value of Helper?s constant (?2 V? 0 /?T2 )p and the negative value of dB/dT shows that CTAB in studied organic solvent predominantly acts as a structure - maker.

2 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

047611   RAO M J, MURTHY K S R, KUMAR C S R, JHA A, CHOUDARY G S V R K, VARMA M C (Physics Dep, GITAM Univ, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, Email: mjrphysics1964@gmail.com) : Structural analysis using X - Ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic studies on Mn2+ Substituted CaWO4 materials synthesized by coprecipitation method. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 49 - 52 .

Present day technology requires synthesis of materials with low energy consumption, free mercury pollution and its reliability. A novel material with control of crystallite size, composition and simple for white light relies in synthesis of materials. The present focus of article attributes series of manganese doped Ca1 - xMnxWO4 luminescent materials with co - precipitation method. Reported studies attempts with change in structure of calcium tungstate (CaWO4) are observed with dopants like Eu3+, Eu2+, Tb3+, etc. However the effect of Mn2+ on structural properties of CaWO4 are quite interesting. The synthesized samples were characterized with X - ray diffraction for lattice parameters, crystallite size and FTIR studies for bonding mechanism of O - W - O stretching and W - O - W bridge bond. Rietveld profile refinement of XRD patterns using MAUD program Ca1 - xMnxWO4 revealed the Scheelite type structure with C4h point group and I41/a space group. Characterization studies reveal that doping of Mn2+ doping upto 0.1 in place of Ca2+ will not change the phase of Scheelite structure.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

047610   MAHESHWARI D P L, SATYANARAYANA B (GVK Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad - 500 076, Email: lokamaheshwari123@gmail.com) : One pot, four component synthesis of phthalazine - 1,4 - diones derivatives in [BMIM][OH] Medium. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 45 - 8.

[BMIM][OH] mediated, green and efficient synthesis of phthalazines (5) have been developed by condensing diethyl phthalate (1), ethyl cyanohydrazide (2), substituted benzaldehyde (3) and malononitrile (4) in the presence of Meldrum?s acid at 60 - 65 ?C and at room temperature for 60 - 90 min. The importance of this method includes shorter reaction time and high yield.

2 tables, 21 ref

047609   RIRIS I D , SILALAHI A, JUWITANINGSIH T, HUTABARAT W (Chemistry Dep, State Univ of Medan, Medan, Indonesia , Email: dumariris@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial activities of some indonesian medicinal plants against propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 27853) and Staphylococcus epidermis (ATCC 12228) causing Acne. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 41 - 4.

Secondary metabolites investigation of local plants, such as Psidium guajava L, Curcuma longa rhizome, Citrus hystrix and Lawsonia intracellularis shown that they have antibacterial activities against Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 27853) and Staphylococcus epidermis (ATCC 12228) with chloramphenicol as antibiotic controlled. The phytoscreening method used to find out compounds in the plants and inhibition tests carried out by diffuse test with a concentration variation of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 %. It was found that Lawsonia intracellularis plants has the highest inhibitory growth of 17; 12, 15, 14, 12 mm at 10 % concentration.

2 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

047608   NGAN T T K, THUY D T T, TUYEN T T, INH C T, BICH H T, LONG P Q, CHIEN N Q, LINH H T K, TRUNG L N Y, TUNG N Q (Graduate Univ of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam, Email: tranquoctoan2010@gmail.com) : Chemical components of agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) essential oils grown in various Regions of Asia. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 36 - 40.

This study presents a chemometric study on agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) essential oils extracted from selected agarwood samples grown in various regions of Asia. Adopting gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) technique, it was revealed that essential oils, produced by hydrodistillation,constitutes mainly volatile aromatic compounds. Several major components are shared in all samples including dihydro - agarofuran - 15 - al, jinkoeremol, 10 - epi - ? - eudesmol, agarospirol, valerianol, n - hexadecanoic acid, neopetasane and dihydrokaranone. Despite differences in composition, extraction yield and detected constituents found in analyzed samples, characteristic aromatic compounds were abundantly found in the Agarwood essential oil. These discrepancies could be due to cultivation season, climatic conditions and extraction methods. Unambiguous identification of components in agarwood essential oils thereby opens new potential in the application of high - value aromatic compounds in agarwood essential oil in cosmetic products, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals.

2 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

047607   VINUTHNA C, RAJU S, RAVINDER D (Chemistry Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad - 500 007, Email: vinuthnarjun@gmail.com) : Composition dependence of elastic moduli of mixed cobalt - zinc ferrites prepared by citrate precursor method. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 31-May.

CoxZn1 - xFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical citrate precursor synthesis method. The Young?s modulus ?E? and the rigidity modulus ?n? of mixed cobalt - zinc ferrites have been determined by the ultrasonic pulse transmission technique at 1 MHz. The elastic modules of the ferrites were corrected to zero porosity using the formulae of Harselman and Fulrath. The observed variation of the elastic module with composition has been interpreted on the basis of binding forces between the atoms of the spinal lattice. A linear relationship between Debye temperature ?D and average sound velocity Vm has also been observed.

4 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

047606   SULTANA R, NATH R K, HOSSAIN R (Chemistry Dep, Chittagong Univ of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram - 4349, Bangladesh, Email: rkn_chem@yahoo.com) : Isolation of Flaccidine, 3 - Sitostenone and ? - Sitosterol - 3 - O - ? - D - glucopyranoside from Polygonum hydropiper and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activities. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 26 - 30.

Flaccidine, 3 - sitostenone and ? - sitosterol - 3 - O - ? - D - glucopyranoside were isolated from aerial part of medicinal plant Polygonum hydropiper. These compounds were isolated upon repeat column chromatography, HPTLC, RP - 18 reverse phase column of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of the crude methnolic extract. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic technique. Antimicrobial activities of these compounds against some of bacteria and phyto - pathogenic fungus have been investigated in this study.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

047605   KARTHA V G, SURYAVANSHI V, MAHARANA T (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology, Raipur - 492 010, Email: tmaharana.chy@nitrr.ac.in) : Cassia alata seed extract loaded chitosan: Synthesis and release study. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 21-May.

In present study, a herbal extract, Cassia alata seed extract has been loaded into chitosan matrix as drug delivery systems. The major components of Cassia alata seed extract are flavonoids and anthraquinone. Cassia alata seed extract loaded chitosan has been characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, thermal and NMR analysis. The characterization has shown successful loading of Cassia alata seed extract into chitosan. Further, swelling properties and drug release profiles of Cassia alata seed extract loaded chitosan has been carried out at two different pH 2 and 7.4. It is observed that the swelling behaviour and drug release profile was much better at pH 2 than pH 7.4. Thus, the loaded chitosan can be used as a biomedicine.

7 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

047604   SUDARMA I M, SHOFIATI A, DARMAYANTI M G (Chemistry Dep, Univ of Mataram, Mataram 83125, Indonesia , Email: sud_arma@yahoo.co.id ) : Nitration of methyl eugenol derived from clove oil. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 17 - 20.

No report is available in literature for the nitration of methyl eugenol. The main goal of this work is to find an efficient method for the synthesis of 5 - nitro - methyl eugenol. 5 - Nitro - methyl eugenol is of considerable importance in the production of other fine chemicals such as 5 - amino - methyl eugenol for further chemical synthesis and has also possible to enhance its biological properties and other applications. The methyl eugenol can be prepared from methylation of eugenol which can be isolated from clove oil. In an attempt to synthesize nitro - methyl eugenol in high yield, three different nitration methods of methyl eugenol have been applied. Method (a) gave 5.97 %, (b) 84.37 % and (c) 11.40 %. Method (b) using a nitrating consisting mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 under mild condition has been found to give 5 - nitro - methyl eugenol in good yield.

6 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

047603   NURHAYATI N D, WIJAYA K, TRIYONO, HERALDY E (Chemistry Dep, Sebelas Maret Univ, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia, Email: nanikdn@gmail.com) : Effect of modifying shellac with citric acid on shellac - bagasse biocomposite. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 13-Jun.

This study was aimed at modifying local Shellac with citric acid in varied concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % (w/w) to prepare ShellacBagasse (Sh - Bg) biocomposite and determining its physico - chemical properties. The biocomposite was made from the natural Shellac matrices and Bagasse fibers. Physico - chemical properties of non - modified Shellac and Shellac modified with citric acid including functional groups, intrinsic viscosity, density, and mechanical tensile strength were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Oswald viscometer and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The analysis results showed an optimum modification of shellaccitric acid at a concentration of 4% (w/w). FTIR analysis of the modified Shellac showed a broad absorption at 3448 cm?1 which indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups ( - OH). The presence of C=O ester groups was indicated by the absorption appearing at 1712 cm?1. The absorption at 1251 - 1250 cm?1 indicated the presence of C - O groups, while the presence of - CH2 methylene groups was indicated by the absorption at 1465 cm?1. The modified Shellac with its optimal intrinsic viscosity of 169.97 mL/g indicated that there was a reaction between citric acid and Shellac to form an ester, so that the polymer chains formed were longer with a low density of 0,6662 - 0,8168 mg/ L when compared to Shellac without modification. The low density indicated that the citric acid - modified Shellac could be processed to be biocomposite. The biocomposite was made with various compositions of Shellac and Bagasse with hot press at 80 ?C and under a pressure of 6 Kgf/cm2 . The optimum ratio of Shellac to Bagasse in Shellac - Bagasse (Sh - Bg) biocomposite was of 60:40 %. While, the analysis using Universal testing machine resulted a mechanical tensile strength of 0.6 MPa and an elongation at break of 0.45 %.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

047600   SHADIQUE M A, PRATIK P (Chemistry Dep, , Darbhanga, Bihar, Email: athar.shadique942@gmail.com) : Synthesis and spectral characterization of fluoroquinolone drug - norfloxacin . Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci 2020, 8 (2), 009 - 11.

FTIR study provides the most direct and definitive identification of fluoroquinolone and offer a means for qualitative analysis of newly synthesized fluroquinolone drug - Norfloxacin. The vibrational spectroscopy, such as FTIR has been used to measure the vibrational modes of fluoroquinolones, provides information about structural differences of its individual members. Form the interpreted spectral data norfloxacin has been distinguished by the presence of different substituents in their parent nucleus.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

047599   KUMAR S (Chemistry Dep, Govt. Coll, Bilaspur, (H.P.), Email: kmrsarwan@gmail.com) : Impact of COVID - 19 on environment during lock - down period: A case study . Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci 2020, 8 (2), 012 - 6.

The coronavirus pandemic has caused a global reduction in economic activity and although this is major cause for concern, the slowing down of human activity during lockdown period appears to have had a positive impact on the environment. Due to less human activities, manmade pollution has gone to almost zero level in this period in many parts of the world. In India, many attempts have been made for making Ganga river clean during the last many years. That Ganga river has become clean in a three week lock - down. In the month of April, residents of Jalandhar city in Punjab, got a surprise when they witnessed Dhauladhar Mountain range situated at a distance of about 200 Km in Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) for the first time in a decade. Similarly the Pir Panjal range which extends from H.P. to Jammu and Kashmir was a blur to the locals, recently the view is completely clear.

5 illus, 22 ref

047597   PRATIK P, THAKUR R V (Chemistry Dep, M.L.S.M. Coll, Darbhanga, Bihar, Email: pratikpanshu@gmail.com) : Comparative physico - chemical, phytochemical, gc - ms and antibacterial studies between ethanolic extract of fresh green leaves and sun dried leaves of tilkor (Momoradica monadelpha) . Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci 2020, 8 (2), 001 - 8.

In continuation to our large number of previous works on Tlikor and keeping this view in our mind that ?Baids? often prefers fresh green leaves of medicinal plants for their herbal preparation, in this paper, works has been carried out as per intention to high light the comparative studies between ethanolic extract of fresh green leaves and sun dried leaves of Tilkor in terms of their Physico chemical studies, phytochemical investigation, GC? MS analysis and antimicrobial examinations.

6 illus, 6 tables, 33 ref

047595   PRIYA V, SHRAMA P, KUMAR A (Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, , Palampur (H.P.), Email: vishalpriyak@gmail.com) : Phytoremediation of banana leaf - functionalization of mercaptan - cellulose and its utilization for the removal of heavy metals in aqueous environment . Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci 2020, 8 (1), 26 - 38.

Biomass being renewable, cost effective and abundantly available is an attractive feedstock for many competent industrial materials. The most important component in biopolymer class is polysaccharides, an almost inexhaustible polymeric raw material with fascinating structure and properties. However, due to the structural limitations, the metal uptake capacities of these materials of otherwise obvious choice for alternate material, is low and different polymer analogous reactions are needed to affect chemical modification of these materials. In the present isolation of cellulose from banana leaf aim to utilise the waste biomass for the removal of heavy metals in aqueous system. Preparation of polymer follows green chemistry protocol with respect to green solvent utilization and zero waste generation. The dried banana leaf were first cleaned by Soxlet extraction, alkali treatment and bleaching. Extracted cellulose has been functionalized with thiomer via thiourea reactions in high degree of modification. The prepared material have been characterized by some physical and chemical methods such as analytical determination, UV, FTIR, Zeta, SEM and EDX analysis. The analytical results supported highest sulphur content of 20.50% in thiomer. Synthesized green thiomer have been explored as arsenic ion sorbent at 60ppm. The result showed maximum sorption efficiency 70 - 75% for arsenic in aqueous system.

14 illus, 6 tables, 40 ref

047503   DUBEY P, JAYANT S K, SRIVASTAVA N (Jiwaji Univ, Gwalior - 474 011, Madhya Pradesh, Email: nalinis21@yahoo.com) : Preliminary phytochemical screening, FTIR and GC - MS analyses of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of stem of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers for search of antidiabetic compounds. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 183 - 97.

Phytochemicals present in different medicinal plants have shown immense therapeutic potential against number of diseases including diabetes. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, a well known medicinal plant, has a high medicinal importance. The study is aimed to fractionate, identify and compile the structure and medicinal properties of each phytochemical of T. cordifolia from the available literature, so that the compounds with antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential can be studied further using in vivo system. The extracts of T. cordifolia, prepared in water, ethanol and methanol, were fractionated and the phytochemicals were identified by FTIR and GC - MS. The structure and properties of each component were compiled from the available literature, so that the compounds with antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects could be studied further. Qualitative tests for the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, alkaloids and flavanoids were performed in extracts of T. cordifolia. The peaks obtained in FTIR spectra of various extracts of T. cordifolia were identified for presence of different functional groups. The phytocomponents resolved by GC - MS in extracts of T. cordifolia are known to contribute to its antioxidant, cancer - preventive, hypercholesterolemic, nematicidal, antifungal, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Highest amounts of proteins, tannins, phenol and flavanoids were extracted in water while carbohydrates and glycosides were maximally present in methanolic extract and glycoside in ethanolic extract. Comparative phytochemical analysis of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of T. cordifolia showed differential distribution of antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds. Further validation of these effects under in vivo system may give leads for the development of herbal alternative for diabetes.

3 illus, 5 tables, 41 ref

047489   MALIK T, MADAN V K, PRAKASH R (Chemistry Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, Email: maliktamanna1996@gmail.com) : Herbs that heal: Floristic boon to the natural healthcare system. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 006 - 14.

Over the past decade, herbal medicines have become a topic of global importance, making an impact on both world health and international trade. Among prehistoric civilizations, India has been known to be loaded depository of medicinal herbs. Medicinal plants continue to play a vital role in the healthcare system of large proportions of the world?s population. Different herbs are obtained from different parts of the plant, i.e., roots, leaves, barks, seeds or flowers. The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been found to be associated with lowering of these diseases as they contain a large amount of phenolics compounds, antioxidants and flavonoids. Phenolics occur naturally in plants and are present in fruits, vegetables, leaves, nuts, seeds and flowers; therefore, they are present in the human diet, but are also used in some medicinal preparations. Medicinal plants have been acknowledged as an impending source of natural antioxidants throughout the world. The medicinal value of plant lies in chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on human body. The most essential bioactive constituents of these herbs include alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Taking into account of this fact, hereby the present study was conducted on Triphala and its fruit constituents, viz, Amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.), Bahera (Terminalia belerica Roxb.) and Harad (Terminalia chebula Retz.) in order to obtain these natural therapeutic agents to appear as a floristic boon to natural health care system. The results showed that aqueous fruit extracts of E. officinalis, T. chebula and T. belerica could serve as a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial constituents. This methodical exploration of these Indian medicinal herbs proved crucial for getting to know about their chemical constituents and functionality in Ayurvedic medicine, and contributes to the search for natural sources of strong antioxidants.

8 illus, 49 ref

047483   MALIK T, MADAN V K (Chemistry Dep, Coll of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Hissar - 125 004, Haryana, Email: maliktamanna1996@gmail.com) : Enhanced antimicrobial activity of as synthesized nanoparticles using natural antioxidants of plants origin. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 199 - 206.

To promote a healthy and disease free life, the Mother Nature has gifted mankind medicinal plants. A large number of medicinal plants used in a collection of herbal preparations of the Indian traditional health care system (Ayurveda) named Rasayana, are suggested for their interesting antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Triphala is an Indian and Thai traditional herbal formulation composed of Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Terminalia belerica Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz.. Amongst these natural therapeutic agents, Amla showed the highest antibacterial activity followed by Triphala powder, Bahera and Harad. In case of Antifungal activity, it was Bahera which showed the highest activity against the available test organisms followed by Amla, Harad and Triphala powder. Phyto - synthesized metallic nanoparticles have many applications such as antimicrobial, biomedical, agriculture, bio - insecticides, catalyst, biosensor, etc. The antibacterial activities were inversely proportional to the average nanoparticle sizes. Bimetallic nanoparticles possessed better antimicrobial activity as compared to monometallic nanoparticles. Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were more susceptible to gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. The order for antibacterial efficacies is as follows: Ag@AuNPs> AgNPs>AuNPs. In case of antifungal activities, AuNPs were better than AgNPs, i.e., the order is Ag@AuNPs> AuNPs>AgNPs. Aspergillus niger was most susceptible fungal organism as compared to Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans to the action of these plant derived therapeutic agents. The use of these compounds as therapeutic agents will open a chapter of cheaper and safe herbal substitute of antibiotics and may prove as a tool to check the problem of increasing antimicrobial resistance in pathogens.

5 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

047354   NADZIR N A A, ZAKARIA Z, ADZAHAN N M, MAYAKI A M (Medicine & Surgery of Farm & Exotic Animal Dep, , , Email: noraniza@upm.edu.my) : Antibiotic susceptibilities of biofilm producing bacteria isolated from horse wounds . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (1), 42 - 9.

The occurrence of wounds in horses is very high due to their flight instinct and the nature of their environment, however, the high risk of infection by environmental pathogens complicate the healing process with most wound becoming chronic. Biofilm formation has been identified as a major consequence of infected wound, implicated in chronic nonhealing wound. In this study, we demonstrated biofilm forming bacteria in horses wound and described their antibiotics susceptibility. Swab samples from wound of 30 horses were cultured and the biofilm forming potential of the bacteria isolate was assessed. The susceptibility of the biofilm state to ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamycin (CN) and tetracycline (TE) were also determined. A total of 65 bacterial isolates were identified from the wound, of which 48 prominent bacteria isolates were tested for BFP with 8.3 % being strong biofilm formers, 6.3 % moderate, 68.7 % weak and 16.7 % non - biofilm formers. There was significantly (P<0.05) higher minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for the three antibiotics tested against the biofilm formers than the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) required to inhibit the bacteria growth in their planktonic state. The MBEC was highest for the strong biofilm formers, follow by moderate and weak biofilm formers. CIP has the least MBEC for all the isolates tested. In conclusion, there is presence of bacteria biofilm in equine wound and irrespective of the type of biofilm formers, susceptibility to antibiotic is low as higher antibiotics concentrations is required to eradicate the bacteria in biofilm state.

4 tables, 44 ref