002774   ZHANG H, JIA W, SUN H, ZHANG X, GUO L, HU J (Hebei Univ of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, People’s Republic of China, Email: zhanghuimin73101@163.com) : Electrochemical preparation and magnetic properties of Co–Cu nanometric granular alloy films. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 103.

A detailed electrodeposition of Co–Cu nanometric granular alloy films in citrate solution has been performed based on a galvanostatic technique. Electrochemical behaviour of the bath solution containing both Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry. Cathodic polarization curves indicated that high quality Co–Cu nanometric granular alloy films can be obtained at room temperature with a pH of 6 and current density equal to or more negative than − 1.0 mA cm⁻². Magnetic properties of the films were measured at room temperature by the physical property measurement system. Magnetization curves of the as-prepared Co–Cu nanometric granular alloy films displayed superparamagnetism (SPM). However, after annealing at 450^◦C for 1 h, magnetic property of the films changed from SPM to ferromagnetism. Meanwhile, the annealed Co–Cu nanometric granular alloy films showed an increase in saturation magnetization with the increase of the current density.

6 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

002680   ALAYANDE S O, ADESELUKA T V, ODEWUMI B J, TORIMIRO N, DARAMOLA O B, SODEINDE K, IGHODARO O M, OFUDJE E A, AJAO J A (Industrial Chemistry Dep, First Technical Univ, P.M.B. 5015, Ibadan, Nigeria, Email: gbengaalayande@gmail.com) : Evaluation of microbial inhibition properties of green and chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 101.

Nanosized particles of zinc oxide have gained much attention due to several applications which includes bacterial inhibition. Therefore, this work evaluates zinc oxide properties synthesized using reduction (chemical) and bio-reduction (green) processes and their corresponding inhibition potentials. The bio-reduction process was achieved using Amaranthus spinosus at 70^◦C while the reduction process was initiated in the chemical process using sodium hydroxide. The optical measurement of ZnO was carried out using an UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized ZnO were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The elemental composition was carried out using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity property of the nanoparticles was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. The degree of susceptibility of ZnO nanoparticles was higher in the bio-reduction process than chemically synthesized for selected microorganisms. A sustainable pathway for development of bio-antibiotic is presented.

5 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

002767   XIAO S, BI F, ZHAO L, WANG L, GAI G (Jilin Jianzhu Univ, Changchun 130118, People’s Republic of China, Email: xiaoshanshan@jlju.edu.cn) : A hollow Fe₃O₄-based nanocomposite anode for lithium-ion batteries with outstanding cycling performance. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 97.

The fabrication of hybrid electrodes with conversion-type electrode materials has drawn growing interest in improving the capacity performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for many high-energy applications. However, as a typical conversion-type electrode material, Fe₃O₄ is usually restricted by large amount of volume change during repeated lithiation/delithiation course, which dramatically hinders the cycling stability of the constructed LIBs. We design a hybrid electrode of Fe₃O₄ nanospheres with a hollow structure wrapped by MnO₂ nanosheets (H-Fe₃O₄/MnO₂ NSs nanospheres). As a result of the synergetic effect of a high-capacity material coating and a robust hollow core, the H-Fe₃O₄/MnO₂ NS hybrid electrode delivers reversible capacity as high as 590 mAh g⁻¹ at a current rate of 0.1 C and maintains 92% of the initial reversible capacity after 1000 cycles at 1 C.

5 tables, 44 ref

002750   SINGH N P, DEVI Y R, SINGH N R, SINGH N M (Chemistry Dep, A. R. S. D. Coll, Delhi Univ, New Delhi - 110 021, Email: premjit.naorem@yahoo.in) : Synthesis of Tb³⁺ ion doped ZnWO₄ phosphors and investigation of their photoluminescence properties: concentration effect. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 96.

In this paper, the effects of Tb³⁺ ion concentration on the structural and photoluminescence properties of ZnWO₄:Tb³⁺ have been reported. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the monoclinic structure of the samples and the crystallinity were found to decrease with the increase of Tb³⁺ ion concentration due to the distortion in the crystal lattice. The formation of the monoclinic structure was further supported by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The transmission electron microscopy image of ZnWO₄:Tb³⁺ (7 %) showed a spherical morphology with crystallite sizes in the range of ∼8–12 nm. The excitation spectrum showed a strong broad band originated from the electronic transition within the WO₆^6- group. Upon excitation at 270 nm, the prepared ZnWO₄:Tb³⁺ phosphors exhibited sharp and narrow emission peaks, characteristic of the f–f transitions of Tb³⁺ ions besides a broad band with the maximum at around 460 nm due to the host lattice. The intensity of the broad emission band was found to decrease gradually with the increase of Tb³⁺ ion concentration and reached minimum at 7 at %. The decay time of the prepared phosphors was investigated in detail and the maximum average lifetime value is found to be 1.187 ms.

6 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

002747   SI P Z, PARK J, QIAN H D, CHOI C J, LI Y S, GE H L (China Jiliang Univ, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China, Email: pzsi@mail.com) : Enhanced magnetic performance of bulk nanocrystalline MnAl–C prepared by high pressure compaction of gas atomized powders. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 95.

High density MnAl–C magnets with enhanced coercivity and remanent magnetization were prepared by highpressure compaction of the τ-phase obtained by annealing the as-prepared gas-atomized powders, which are spherical in shape with size in the range of 1–7 μm. The as-prepared gas-atomized powders were composed of ε- as the major phase and γ2- as the minor phase. The massive phase transformation of ε → τ in the gas-atomized powders occurs at 720 K and accomplishes at 806 K, both of which are lower than those of the water-quenched ε-MnAl–C alloys with the same composition. An optimized temperature of 760 K, at which the decomposition of metastable τ-phase was minimized, was selected to prepare the ferromagnetic τ- from the ε-phase. The spherical τ-phase powders were pressed at room temperature into two dimensional plates that stack along the direction of compaction, forming high density (98.6%) bulk magnets that exhibit larger coercivity and higher remanent magnetization than that of the τ-phase powders. The grain size of the compacted samples was observed to be in the range of 10–100 nm. The coercivity (0.34 T) of the dense samples is twice as large as that of the τ-phase powders, owing to the refined grain size and enlarged dislocation density resulting from high-pressure compaction.

5 illus, 22 ref

002734   RAJARAM R, KARUPPASAMY D, RAGUPATHY P, MATHIYARASU J (Electrochemical Power Sources Div, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi 630 003, Email: ragupathyp@cecri.res.in) : Understanding the role of glucose oxidase on carbon felt as electrodes in biocapacitor studies. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 90.

In this work, we have reported glucose oxidase incorporated carbon felt bioelectrodes (GOx/CFE) as biocapacitors for energy storage. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was incorporated into a carbon felt electrode (CFE) and the electrode was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, it was found that GOx was successfully incorporated into a bare CFE and enhances the specific capacitance of the electrode and it was stable up to 500 charge–discharge cycles. Consequently, it was observed that GOx/CFE exhibits enhanced energy storage capacitance compared to that of pristine carbon felt. The capacitance of GOx/CFE is found to be 4.21 mF cm⁻² (23 F g⁻¹) while the bare CFE shows 3.68 mF cm⁻² in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0). Albeit the capacitance values are small compared to conventional supercapacitors, the utility of these biocapacitors is expected to have a significant impact on glucose monitoring. Columbic efficiency obtained with the GOx/CFE matrix is 89 %, and the electrode is stable up to 225 cycles with 100% retention of capacitance. After 225 cycles, the electrode loses the capacitance up to 12 % retaining the capacitance of 88 % up to 500 cycles. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that GOx/CFE is capable of energy storage with a 200 µA higher capacitive loop than the bare CFE at a scan rate of 10 mV s⁻¹. Electrochemical impedance analysis measurements also confirmed that GOx/CFE possess minimum resistivity. Moreover, it is very eco-friendly due to which unwanted pollution can be avoided. From the proposed matrix, it is believed that a green, eco-friendly, clean, renewable material for energy storage could be realized.

8 illus, 36 ref

002726   NAGARAJU G, JAYALAKSHMI T, ASHOK S, MANJUNATH K (Chemistry Dep, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru - 272 103, Email: nagarajugn@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis of V₂O₅ nanoparticles: Cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 88.

Vanadium oxide-based nanomaterials have been showing great promise as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Among these, nanostructured V₂O₅ shows a high discharge capacity due to its layer structure and thermodynamically stable form. This work reports the synthesis of V₂O₅ nanoparticles via a simple low temperature hydrothermal method using ammonium vanadate and quinol. The reduced size of V₂O₅ has resulted in the blue shift of the absorption spectrum. The material has been examined as a cathode material to study lithium intercalation/deintercalation. It shows an initial discharge capacity of 310 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.1 mA g⁻¹ at 1.5–4 V and retains a specific discharge capacity of 184 mAh g⁻¹ even after 58 cycles. The present study manifests how the nanostructured size V₂O₅ could be applied as a high-energy cathode material for LIBs.

7 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

002746   SHARMA A, DAS T D (Basic & Applied Science Dep, National Institute of Technology, Papum Pare 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, Email: tddas@hotmail.com) : Effect of strain on GaAs_1−x−yN_xBi _y/GaAs to extract the electronic band structure and optical gain by using 16-band kp Hamiltonian. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 87.

GaAs_1−x−yN_xBi_y is a suitable candidate for 1.06 µm solid state lasers and high-efficiency solar cells. Mathematical models such as 16-band kp model is used to study the band structure, strain generated effect, band offset and variation of their parameters with Bi and N concentrations. Lattice constants of alloy GaAs_1−x−yN_xBi_y with x/y = 0.58 can match those of GaAs with the incorporation of Bi and N into GaAsNBi. Arsenic atom substitution due to the incorporation of N and Bi impurity atoms causes a significant band gap reduction of ∼200 meV for GaAs_0.937N_0.023Bi_0.04 alloys under lattice-matched conditions and in addition, by tuning the concentrations of N and Bi, the electrical and optical properties of GaAsNBi can be controlled. Optical gain of GaAs_1−x−yN_xBi_y quantum well (QW) and GaAs as a barrier are calculated in generalized mode and observed the effect of the energy level of GaAs barrier on the GaAsNBi QW.

9 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

002695   DOSEN A, MARINKOVIC B A (Chemical and Materials Engineering Dep, Pontifical Catholic Univ of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil, Email: bojan@puc-rio.br) : Negative thermal expansion and cationic migration in zeolite Y used in FCC catalysts. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 86.

The influence of extra-framework cations on the intrinsic negative thermal expansion (NTE) of calcined ultrastable and lanthanum-exchanged zeolites Y was analysed. High-temperature thermal behaviour, cationic migration and dealumination were examined by in situ high temperature X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. We analysed protonated ultrastable zeolite Y and zeolite Y containing 13 % La2O3 (LaY), and investigated how the presence of La³⁺ influences thermal behaviour of zeolite Y. Uncalcined LaY was also analysed to observe the La³⁺ migration before calcination. Mass loss up to 990 ^◦C was accompanied by TG analyses. X-ray powder diffraction data were analysed by Rietveld method. Our data show that lanthanum migration from supercages to sodalitic cavities is not reversible. However, some La³⁺ migration occurs above 400^◦C and we observe emptying of site I , migration to site I and to some extent to site II . Furthermore, we examined the dealumination process as well. Both samples show two distinct thermal behaviours, positive or near-zero thermal expansion up to 500^◦C and NTE above this temperature. Together with intrinsic NTE in faujasite type zeolites, the dealumination process is largely responsible for NTE at high temperatures.

6 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

002765   WANG L, LIU L (Electro-Communications Univ, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan, Email: linsheng_wang@yahoo.com) : Fabrication of Pt–Re atomic alloy catalysts by alloying of atomically dispersed Pt with Re inside the β-zeolite pores for an oxygen reduction reaction. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 85.

The Pt–Re atomic alloy is fabricated by alloying of atomically dispersed Pt with Re inside the β-zeolite pores with a size of 0.5–0.6 nanometres. The atomically dispersed Pt–Re alloy species exhibit a surprisingly high mass activity of about 60 A g_Pt⁻¹ for the oxygen reduction reaction, which is much higher than that of the existing Pt nanoparticle catalysts with a Pt particle size of several nanometres.

6 illus, 18 ref

002698   GAVIT H B, PATEL N M (B.K. Modi Government Pharmacy Coll, Rajkot, Gujarat) : Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and physicochemical evaluation of Amaranthus blitum L. leaves from south Gujarat. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 2148-55.

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate various quality control parameters of Amaranthus blitum L. leaves. The morphological features included simple leaf, ovate - lanceolate shape, tapering base, entire margin, obtuse, retuse, mucronate and emarginate apex with pinnate reticulate venation. Microscopy of leaf showed presence of palisade parenchyma interrupted with peripheral bundle sheath, rosette calcium oxalate, collateral closed vascular bundles, uniseriate multicellular covering trichomes. Leaf constants like stomatal index, vein islet number were also evaluated. Preliminary physicochemial screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins and phenolics. Fluorescence analysis of leaf powder showed different fluorescence with various chemical and reagents. The physicochemical parameters like ash values, extractive values, moisture content, foaming index were evaluated to establish quality standards. TLC study of various extracts were performed in different solvent systems to have an idea about presence of phytocostituents. Since there are many closely related species of the Amaranthus genus are available, this work will help in proper pharmacognostical identification of the plant.

6 illus, 7 tables, 21 ref

002736   RANVIR S, KELE V, NIKAM P, SINGH M, DASRIYA V (Dairy Chemistry Div, Dairy Science and Food Technology Coll, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : A review on advanced technique for assessment the quality of milk and milk products. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1923-9.

This paper presents the advanced instrumental analytical techniques used in milk and milk products analysis. Milk is a complex matrix consisting of different components and because of this, it often becomes impossible to accurately analyze one component in the presence of others using the classical method of analysis. The major advantages of advanced instruments analysis are more sensitive and rapid. Milk and milk products are analysed for a variety of reasons, e.g. compliance with legal and labelling requirements, assessment of product quality, composition, determination of nutritive value, detection of adulteration, and in research & development. The present paper briefly discussed various application of GCMS, HPLC, AAS, FTIR, DLS, NALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF in dairy sector.

1 table, 64 ref

002738   ROOPASHREE K M, NAIK D (Biochemistry Dep, Dscign Biosys Pvt. Ltd., Gerupalya, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Advanced method of secondary metabolite extraction and quality analysis. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1829-42.

Plant had been used as medicine in ancient. Now day’s Pharmaceutical companies start processing of medicinal and aromatic plants in their formulation by using extraction of active components. Extraction of plant components likes volatile, Essential or ethereal oils and mixtures composed of volatile liquid and solid compounds depend upon their composition and their boiling point. Now days there are several processes like distillation, enfleurage, maceration, expression, solvent extraction and fluid extraction are available for extraction of plant component and different kinds of laboratory facilities are needed for the extraction and quali-quantitative analysis. Recent extraction technology such as Accelerated Solvent Extraction or Microwave Assisted Extraction in combination with hyphenated techniques such as Gas Chromathography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) represent a modern approach to perform fast and reproducible analytical methods for the quality control of secondary metabolite production from plant material.

4 illus, 76 ref

002754   SURYAVANSHI A W, SURYAWANSHI V V (Chemistry Dep, Shri Madhavrao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Murum, Maharashtra) : Extraction and isolation of clerodane as a bioactive molecule from Tragia ramosa. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1135-8.

Medicinal plants have been commendable source for as an alternative remedy for treating numerous diseases, because of the plant having analgesic activity, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, insecticidal activity & cytotoxicity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products interest particularly in Tragia ramosa plants has grown throughout the Maharashtra. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include extraction, isolation & characterization of active ingredients from Tragia ramosa plant, As extraction is the most important steps in the analysis of bioactive molecule present in plant extracts. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts was characterized by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectral & ¹H NMR method.

4 illus, 11 ref

002721   MANJUNATHA R L, USHARANI K V, NAIK D (Soil Health and Analytical Dep, DSCiGN BIOSYS Pvt. Ltd, Gerupalya, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1095-101.

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound and usually appears as a white powder. It also called a multifunctional material because of to its unique physical and chemical properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method, precipitation method, green leaf extract, and microwave method, wet chemical and hydrothermal method. Different compositions of zinc oxides nano composites were characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer and Photoluminescence Spectrofluorophotometer studies. The X-ray diffraction studies reveals that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 20 to 30 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation reveals that the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticle is spherical in hydrothermal process and varies to flower like arrangement in sol-gel process. Crystalline oxide powders, combined with other materials, provide possibilities for obtaining improved chemical, mechanical, optical or electrical properties.

1 table, 42 ref

002709   KAVIYA K, SHUKLA P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : Physiochemical analysis and phytochemical screening of ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt leaves. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1091-4.

Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds which are responsible for treating various diseases. In the present study, physiochemical parameters and phytochemical screening of ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt leaves were investigated. The physiochemical parameters such as moisture content (8.3 % w/w), total ash (19.6 % w/w), acid insoluble ash (1.1 % w/w) and water soluble ash (7.55 % w/w) were determined. The extractive value of ivy gourd leaf extract in aqueous solvent was found to be maximum (12.16 % w/w) than methanolic extract (8.96 % w/w), ethanolic extract (6.48 % w/w), chloroform extract (4.16 % w/w), acetone extract (3.44 % w/w) and ethyl acetate extract (2.48 % w/w). Phytochemical screening of ivy gourd leaf extract was carried out using different solvents namely methanol, ethanol, aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, reducing sugar, amino acid, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols and flavanoids were found to be present. These phytochemicals are the reason for medicinal value of ivy gourd leaves and can be used as dietary adjunct in our day to day life.

3 tables, 14 ref

002703   JACQUES K D, BARTHÉLEMY A K, CLAUDE K A L, FAUSTIN K A, DONALD K K B, TIMOTHÉE O A, SANDRINE A A-G, DRISSA S, ARMAND K A (Félix Houphouët-Boign Univ, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire) : Evaluation of antioxidant activities of methanol extracts and cassane diterpenoids from Erythrophleum suaveolens [(Guill. et Perr.) Brenan] (Fabaceae). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1051-5.

Erythrophleum suaveolens (Fabaceae), a medicinal plant from Côte d’Ivoire, was investigated for its antioxidant constituents. This led to the isolation of two cassane diterpenoid amides, 6-hydroxy-norcassamide (1) and nor-cassamide (2), from the root barks. Their structures were established according to their spectroscopic analyzes (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESIMS, IR). The antioxidant capacity of methanol extracts and isolated compounds were measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP). A significantly increased DPPH and FRAP activities were observed for all samples. But, the best activity was obtained with methanol crud extract of the root barks from E. suaveolens (ESER).

5 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

002705   JAGDALE R A, SOMKUWAR A P, BHOYE S K, SARODE K G, LIMSAY R P (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Nagpur Veterinary Coll, Nagpur, Maharashtra) : In vivo anti-inflammatory activity and GC-MS analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 929-34.

To investigate the GC-MS analysis and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic extract of C. bonducella seeds in wistar rats. The acute anti-inflammatory activity was studied by Carrageenan induced rat paw edema while chronic anti-inflammatory activity by cotton pellet induced granuloma model. The GC-MS analysis showed presence of 32 phytoconstituents. Among these 16 compounds which were previously reported for the presence of various biological activities. From the study, it was shown that the extract significantly inhibited paw volume in acute inflammation and weight of granuloma formation in chronic inflammation at both the doses in dose dependent manner. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the C. bonducella extract possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity which validated its ethnopharmacological use in treatment of inflammation.

4 tables, 33 ref

002690   BORA J, SYIEM D, BHAN S (Biochemistry Dep, North Eastern Hill Univ, Shillong, Meghalaya) : Quantitative analysis of total phenolic, flavonoid contents and HPTLC fingerprinting of flower extracts of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 906-11.

To quantify total phenolic, flavonoid contents in Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus to evaluate the antioxidant potential along with HPTLC fingerprinting for identification of phytocompounds present in this medicinal plant. Phytochemical screening, content of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined. The HPTLC fingerprinting of methanolic flower extract (MFE) of the Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus was also carried out using CAMAG-HPTLC system. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, saponins, glycosides and flavonoids. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 65 µg/mg and 46 µg/mg, respectively. HPTLC analysis of MFE revealed numerous bands, indicating the presence of diverse groups of phytocompounds and also confirmed naringenin and ascorbic acid in the MFE sample. It can be concluded that HPTLC fingerprint analysis of MFE of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus can be used as a diagnostic tool for the correct identification of the plant and it is also useful as a phytochemical marker.

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

002722   MODH D, PANDYA J (Herbal Drug Technology Dep, M.S Univ of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat) : Development and validation of HPLC methods for the standardization of Stigmasterol & Lupeol from the extract of Butea monosperma (Lam) and it’s formulation. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 834-6.

The determination of natural compounds Lupeol and Stigmastrol in plant extracts using HPLC Shimadzu model Lc20AD AHT to manual sampler (UV-SPD-20A Detector) is reported. The methods were applied to the analysis of Lupeol and Stigmastrol in petroleum ether extract originating of Butea monosperma (Lam) bark. The method was validated using ICH guidelines in terms of precision, repeatability, recovery and accuracy. Regarding HPLC method validation, the optimize mobile phase system used was Methanol: Water (98:2 %v/v) with the 1 ml/min flow rate and the detection wavelength was 220 nm.

4 tables, 9 ref

002712   KOSHTI L, PATIL D, PATIL A (Biotechnology Dep, B. K. Birla Coll of Arts, Science & Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan (West), Maharashtra) : Chemo-profile development of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. leaves using High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 664-8.

Compounds derived from natural sources have been gaining importance since past few decades because of the vast chemical diversity they offer. This has led to phenomenal increase in the demand of herbal medicines which necessitates ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. One such reputed plant in the Ayurvedic system of medicine is Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Family: Asclepiadaceae), commonly called as “gurmar” for its distinct property as sugar destroyer. The plant exhibits a broad range of secondary metabolites which act as an effective natural remedy for diabetes, arthritis, diuretic anemia, osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia and many other diseases. One of the important modern analytical technique for the qualitative, semi quantitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites is High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). In the present study, a pioneering attempt has been made to focus on HPTLC chemoprofiling of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. leaf for presence of thirteen different secondary metabolites. Results of this phytochemical screening revealed the presence of all thirteen secondary metabolites in Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. leaf.

1 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

002689   BONDE S D, JAT R, PATEL M (JJTU Jhunjhunu, Churela, Rajasthan) : Simultaneous marker based standardization of inhouse gel by HPTLC with gallic acid and Berberine. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 543-7.

The present paper deals with marker based standardization of in-house gel containing ethanol extract of dried peels of punica granatum and dried root bark of berberis aristata. The bioactive markers were gallic acid and Berberine used to develop and validate the High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic method. The method was performed on TLC aluminum plates Precoated with silica gel 60F254. Good separation was achieved in the mobile phase composed of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid (3.5: 5: 1:0.5) and detected at wavelength 254 nm in reflectance/absorbance mode. The developed method was well validated by different parameters mentioned in ICH guidelines such as linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness.

4 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

002684   ANUGRAHA S, VENNILA L, ASAIKUMAR L, VIJAYAKUMAR N, PANBILNATHAN A, AJAY KRISHNAN U, ARYA R (Biochemistry and Biotechnology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu) : In-vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf and root extracts of Elephantopus scaber. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 404-12.

Natural antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of many diseases and promotion of health. Among natural antioxidants, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds are powerful antioxidants. The antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts from the leaf and root extracts of Elephantopus scaber (E. scaber) were assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) quenching assay, 2,2’-azinobis3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) decolorization test, reducing power activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) radical, hydroxy radical scavenging assay. In the present study, reducing power, FRAP and the free radical scavenging activity were increased in a dose depending manner. The antioxidant activity of the samples was comparable with that of the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The results indicate that both the leaf and root extracts of E. scaber displayed antioxidant activity, which may be attributed to the presence of adequate phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This study suggests that E. scaber extracts exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for the nutritional and medicinal purpose.

11 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

002699   GHOSH S, CHATTERJEE J K, CHALKROBORTY B, HAZRA A K (Animal Science Dep, Palli Shiksha Bhavan, Sriniketan) : Comparison of different aqueous extraction methods for optimum extraction of polyphenols and in-vitro anti-oxidant activity from pomegranate peel. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 342-7.

Pomegranate (Punica grantum L.) peel is the source of vast array of bioactive polyphenols that may be safely extracted using water as a solvent. Water based extraction is not only safe but also suitable for animal consumption. Objective of the present study was to compare three different aqueous extraction techniques (Continuous shaking extraction, maceration, hot water infusion) used for extraction of polyphenols and to evaluate their in-vitro antioxidant activity. Results demonstrated that hot water infusion method gives significant (P<0.05) level of antioxidant activity over others. It could be concluded that hot water infusion method of extraction is a simple, cheap and convenient method for polyphenol extraction from pomegranate peel and it might be used for further in-vivo antioxidant testing in animal models.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

002693   CHIRCHIR D K, CHEPLOGOI P K, OMOLO J O (Chemistry Dep, Egerton Univ, Egerton, Kenya) : Chemical characterization of Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae) stem bark extracts. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 278-82.

Medicinal plants used in the folk medicine may be an interesting and largely unexplored source for the development of potential new compounds. This study reports on the Phytochemistry and anticancer activity of Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae). S. guineense is a medicinal plant that is traditionally used by the Kipsigis and the Ogiek communities in Kenya in the management of various human diseases. Decoctions from the bark of this plant is reported to have been used as a purgative, anthelmintic, antituberculosis, anticancer and treatment of chest ailments. Cold extraction method was used to prepare the crude extracts which were later fractionated and purified using chromatographic techniques (TLC and CC). Two previously established compounds, β-Sitosterol and Betulinic acid, whose anticancer activity has been reported were isolated alongside fatty acids. This study gives a scientific basis for the use of the medicinal plant in the traditional folklore as an anticancer agent.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

002711   KHAN S, RICHA, KAUR H, JHAMTA R (Botany Dep, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh) : Evaluation of antioxidant potential and phytochemical characterization using GCMS analysis of bioactive compounds of Achillea filipendulina (L.) Leaves. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 258-65.

Achillea filipendulina (L.) is an important medicinal herb of family Asteraceae was investigated with aim to the screening of bioactive compounds present in its leaves. The qualitative test reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, saponin and tannin. 31 bioactive compounds were identified from GCMS analysis. Among the identified compounds, 13-Docosenamide, (Z) and 9- Octadecenamide was found to be the major compound. In vitro antioxidant scavenging activity was performed by DPPH assay and hydrogen peroxide assay showing the highest % inhibition of 92.98 % and 82.02 % as compared to standard respectively. Analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid content exhibited the presence of significant amount of phenolic content i.e. 261.77 ± 0.54 mg/g and flavonoid 54.51 ± 0.01 mg/g. Since the plant possess high content of phenols and flavonoids and also significantly high antioxidant scavenging activity it may have large number of pharmacological values. The results suggested the possible use of A. filipendulina for the development of highly potent, safe and novel antioxidant compounds.

4 illus, 5 tables, 31 ref

002760   THAKKAR S, LADDHA K (Pharmaceutical science and Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga East, Maharashtra) : Isolation and characterization of urolithin B from asphaltum. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 138-40.

Asphaltum (vernacular name: Shilajit), is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine used as aphrodisiac. The present study was aimed for extraction, isolation, method development and validation of RP-HPLC method for bioactive compound called urolithin B (benzocoumarin) for Asphaltum. HPLC method was developed with the help of PDA detector for isolated compound. Method validation was performed as per International Conference of Harmonization guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification of urolithin B. Intra-day and Inter-day precisions for urolithin B was found precise as ≤ 2.0 % in intraday exercise & ≤ 3.0 % in inter day exercise. The concentration found in Asphaltum is 0.38 % of urolithin B. The proposed method for estimation of urolithin B is found to be accurate, precise, reproducible and repeatable.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

002710   KENANDA O E, OMOSA L K (Research and Extension Dep, Kisii Univ, Kisii, Kenya) : Anti-leishmanial activities of some compounds of Tarchonanthus camphoratus leaf surface exudates. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 96-100.

One sesquiterpene, (-)-parthenolide (1), and four known methoxylated flavonoids; 5,7,3´,4´-tetrahydroxy3-methoxyflavone (2), 5,7,4´-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone (3), 5,7,3´,4´-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavone (4) and 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone (5) were characterized from leaf surface exudates of Tarchonanthus camphoratus. The structures of the compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data analyses. Compound 2 exhibited moderate anti-leishmanial activities against Leishmania donovani with IC₅₀ value of 12.84 µg/mL. (vs 0.85 for pentamidine and 0.12 µg/mL for amphotericin B). Compound 4 and 5 also showed anti-leishmanial activities with IC₅₀ values of 26.24 and 23.15 µg/mL respectively. All compounds tested were not cytotoxic at 5 µg/mL.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

002679   AGGARWAL N, PATNAIK A (Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai- 600 036, Email: archita@iitm.ac.in) : Dimeric conformation sensitive electronic excited states of tetracene congeners and their unconventional non-fluorescent behaviour. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(6), 52.

Unconventional non-fluorescent J-aggregates of Tetracene (TC) and Naphtho[2,1,8-qra]tetracene (NT) were witnessed and their consequent dramatic quenching was unravelled by a steady state, time-resolved and transient spectroscopy in conjunction with excited state density functional calculations. The TC O-aggregate with slippage angle θ = 22.3^◦ < 54.7^◦ exhibited substantial transition dipole moment (TDM) for both lower (2.79 D) and higher (1.59 D) energy singlet excitations, while, NT formed an ideal J-aggregate (polarization angle, α ∼ 0◦) with a predominant TDM to only a lower excitonic state (2.69 D). Subsequently, their unusual quenching was quantified with large drops in the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) from 0.116 to 0.002 upon TC O-aggregation and from 0.478 to 0.038 upon NT J-aggregation. These intense PL drops were systematically investigated for possible occurrence of excimer-like emission quenching and/or photodegradation of the TC core unit. In view of the TC O-aggregates exhibiting a perfect energetic balance between the singlet (2.34 eV) and triplet (1.28 eV) energies for singlet fission (SF) and a concomitant delayed fluorescence signal, their S₁ decay characteristics were attributed to SF followed by an inverse triplet-triplet recombination. In contrast, the energetic imbalance (E(S₁) < 2xE(T₁)) in NT J-aggregates permitted only forward process of SF and the resulting long-lived triplet formation was traced with a positive transient absorption (T₁ → T_n) band at 500 nm. Accordingly, the singlet excited state (S₁) dynamics of TC O- and NT J-aggregates, being largely dominated by SF, depicted a depleted S1 population, accounting for the large deviation from aggregation induced enhanced emission, exhibited by classical dye J-aggregates.

7 illus, 66 ref

002744   SAWKMIE M L, PAUL D, KHATUA S, CHATTERJEE P N (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Meghalaya- 793 003, Email: paresh.chatterjee@nitm.ac.in) : Active bismuth mediated allylation of carbonyls/N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(6), 51.

Active bismuth is synthesized by the chemical reduction of bismuth trichloride using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as the reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized active bismuth is applied as a reagent for the synthesis of homoallyl alcohol/homopropargyl alcohol from allyl bromide/propargyl bromide and carbonyl compounds in water at 50 ^◦C. The homoallyl amines are also synthesized from N-tosyl aldimines and allyl bromide using active bismuth reagent in good yields. No assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The waste bismuth material obtained after the completion of the organic reaction can be reduced to active bismuth by sodium stannite solution and successfully reused for mediating the allylation of aldehydes.

2 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

002718   LIU N, SHI L, MENG X (East China Univ of Science and Technology, Shanghai- 200 237, People’s Republic of China, Email: mengxuan@ecust.edu.cn) : Tuning the adsorption properties of UiO-66 via acetic acid modulation. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(6), 50.

UiO-66 (Universitetet i Oslo) is one of the most known metal-organic frameworks with high hydrothermal stability. In this work, a series of UiO-66 were prepared using acetic acid as a modulator to produce linker defects. Samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis and adsorptive desulfurization test. Results indicated that increasing the amount of acetic acid to 30 % equivalent with respect to terephthalic acid did not have an obvious negative effect on the structure. At the same time, surface area and micropore pore volume are further increased from 988 m²/g, 0.34 cm³/g to 1424 m²/g, 0.54 cm³/g. Adsorptive desulfurization performance is also significantly improved from 6.0 mg/g to 7.9 mg/g. So, the linker defects produced by acetic acid can remarkably enhance the adsorption ability. Adsorptive desulfurization kinetics indicates that while indicating the monomolecular layer, chemical adsorption occupies the dominant position, and there is no special chemical force formed between the defects and dibenzothiophene.

5 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

002769   XU J, LIU Y, CAO Q, JING B, WANG X, TAN L (Xiangtan Univ, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China, Email: wjcaoqi@163.com) : A high-performance gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)/thermoplastic polyurethane/poly(propylene carbonate) for lithium-ion batteries. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(6), 49.

Fibrous membranes of composites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) are prepared with different concentrations by electrospinning method. The physical properties of the films are characterized, such as morphology, porosity, thermal stability and mechanical properties. After electrospun films with different concentrations are activated to gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), we test their electrochemical properties. The morphology and the thermal stability of the PVDF/TPU/PPC nanofibers (NFs) with a concentration of 12 % are the best. It shows the high tensile strength of 9.9 MPa and the maximum elongation of 110.8 %. The ionic conductivity of its corresponding GPE is as high as 5.32 mS cm⁻¹, and the electrochemical stability window is up to 5.4 V at room temperature. In addition, it shows a high initial charge capacity of 165.8 mAh g⁻¹ and a high initial discharge capacity of 165.1 mAh g⁻¹. The excellent properties make the PVDF/TPU/PPC based GPE (12 %) more suitable for lithium-ion batteries.

9 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

002762   TOMAR K, RAMANATHAN G (Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh- 208 016, Email: gurunath@iitk.ac.in) : New self-assembled archetypes in crown ether substituted Δ^ZPhe containing tripeptides. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(6), 47.

We examine the effect of crown ether ring sizes on structure and properties of three terminally protected tripeptides containing substituted dehydrophenylalanine residues; Bz-ΔPhe(12-crown4)-Phe-Phe-OMe, Bz-ΔPhe(15-crown-5)-Phe-Phe-OMe, Bz-ΔPhe(18-crown-6)-Phe-Phe-OMe. The resultant self-assembly of the peptides generates nano-vesicles, which further alter into the necklace type of structures that were characterized via their SEM, LRTEM, and AFM images. We also report the disruption of these vesicles in the presence of different metal ions.

12 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

002713   KOTIAN S Y, ABISHAD P M, BYRAPPA K, RAI K M L (Chemistry Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysuru, Karnataka, Email: sumanakotian@gmail.com) : Potassium iodate (KIO₃) as a novel reagent for the synthesis of isoxazolines: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the products. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 46.

A novel reagent for the synthesis of isoxazolines has been reported. Aryl aldoximes were made to react with alkenes in the presence of KIO₃ as the oxidising agent. This new reagent has been useful as an oxidant in the synthesis of isoxazoline and its function is attributed to the generation of nitrile oxide, which is an important intermediate for the synthesis of the valuable heterocycle like isoxazoline.

1 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

002757   SZEWCZYK M, PUNDA P, JANIKOWSKA K, MAKOWIEC S (Organic Chemistry Dep, Gdansk Univ of Technology, Gdansk, Poland, Email: mak@pg.edu.pl) : Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of new 5-HT reuptake inhibitors based on modified 1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[b] indol-3(4H)-one scaffold. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 45.

A new group of serotonin reuptake inhibitors containing 1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[b]indol-3(4H)-one scaffold was synthesized, starting from indole 5-((1H-indol-3-yl)(1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones as a key intermediates. Following three transformations including intramolecular cyclization and formation of imines, a series of new ligand for human serotonin transporter was obtained. The ability of these ligands to inhibit human TS3 serotonin transporter as well as selectivity toward human D3 dopamine receptor and dopamine transporter were tested in silico using docking software.

4 illus, 5 tables, 51 ref

002724   MRAD K, KHEMIRI N, SCHOENSTEIN F, MERCONE S, MESSAOUDA M B, ABDERRABBA M, MESSAOUDI S (Carthage Univ, Bizerte, Tunisia, Email: sabri_messaoudi@yahoo.fr) : Elucidation of the oxidation-reduction reactions in the synthesis of Co-based nanoparticles through polyol process using 1, 2-butanediol (BEG): A theoretical study. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 44.

The role of BEG 1,2-butanediol as a reducing agent in Co-based nanoparticle synthesis in the polyol process has not been well-detailed yet. So, we focused on the determination of the main active species derived from 1,2-butanediol (BEG) in Co-based nanoparticle synthesis and their reducing abilities through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the reaction medium, BEG is deprotonated by the hydroxyl ions introduced in the solution then oxidized by the metal ions. The progression of reduction and dissociation reactions of metal ions is relatively related to the reducing ability of polyols. Three species which are: dianion, monoanion and neutral molecule of BEG were considered in our investigation. The highest occupied orbital energy was estimated for the different configurations. Considering the experimental and theoretical studies, the monoanion state was suggested as the most active form. A comparative study was carried out between three polyols: BEG, PEG (1, 2-propanediol) and EG (Ethylen glycol), which are the most used solvents in Co-based nanoparticle synthesis. We showed that the highest occupied orbital energy of BEG monoanion state is relatively high compared to PEG and EG ones. Thus, BEG could reduce metal ions more easily by giving its electrons and its use can make the reaction kinetics faster.

6 illus, 21 ref

002758   TARIF E, MUKHERJEE K, BARMAN A, BISWAS R (S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata- 700 106, Email: ranjit@bose.res.in) : Are water-xylitol mixtures heterogeneous? An investigation employing composition and temperature dependent dielectric relaxation and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 43.

Aqueous xylitol solutions at six different concentrations were studied employing dielectric relaxation (DR) and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) measurements in the temperature range 295–323 K. The focus was to explore the solution heterogeneity aspect via monitoring the viscosity coupling of the average relaxation rates at various temperatures. TRF measurements were done using both hydrophobic and hydrophilic probes to explore the preferences, if any, for solute locations in these binary mixtures. Energy-selective population excitations and the corresponding fluorescence emissions did not suggest any significant spatial heterogeneity in solution structure within the lifetimes of these probes. DR measurements and TRF experiments indicated mild deviations from the hydrodynamic viscosity dependence of the measured relaxation rates. All these suggest mild spatiotemporal heterogeneity for these water-xylitol mixtures in the temperature range considered. In addition, DR timescales appear to originate from reorientational and H-bond relaxation dynamics, excluding the possibility of full molecular rotations.

7 illus, 2 tables, 68 ref

002770   XU L, ZHANG Q, ZHANG M, MAO L, HU J, LIU Z, XIE Y (Inner Mongolia Univ for Nationalities, Mongolia- 028 000, China, Email: yanxie@dicp.ac.cn) : Synthesis of micro-mesoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5/SBA-15: Tuning aluminium content for tert-butylation of phenol. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 42.

Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5/SBA-15 molecular sieve was derived from mesoporous molecular sieves SBA-15 by hydrothermal crystallization approach. The silica-alumina ratio significantly affects the structure and catalytic performance of ZSM-5/SBA-15. When the n_Si/n_Al is less than 25, the two-dimensional hexagonal pore structure of SBA-15 keeps intact with relatively low crystallinity of the pore wall. However, when the n_Si/n_Al is larger than 50, the SBA-15 pores are severely damaged. When n_Si/n_Al is 25, the catalyst ZSM-5/SBA-15 retains relatively good pore structure and shows excellent catalytic performance with 96.2 % phenol conversion and 53.5 % selectivity to 2,4-ditert-butyl phenol in the tert-butylation of phenol.

9 illus, 1 table, 50 ref

002686   ATASEN S K, ALCAY Y, YAVUZ O, YUCEL B, YILMAZ I (Chemistry Dep, Istanbul Technical Univ, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: iyilmaz@itu.edu.tr) : Beryllium ion sensing through the ion pair formation between the electrochemically reduced ferrocenyl naphthoquinone radicals and Be²⁺ ions. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 41.

We explored the mechanistic aspects of ion pair formation between electrochemically reduced radicals (Fc–cnq–1a^•− /Fc–cnq–1b^•− ) and dianions (Fc–cnq–1a²⁻/Fc–cnq–1b²⁻) of ferrocenyl naphthoquinones (Fc–cnq–1a and Fc–cnq–1b) and several metal ions by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and spectroelectrochemistry, for the first time. The experiments demonstrated that Fc–cnq–1a²⁻/Fc–cnq–1b²⁻ were moderately affected with Na⁺, K⁺ and Cs⁺ by slightly shifting to the anodic side, but were strongly influenced with Li+ ion. Fc–cnq–1a^•− /Fc–cnq–1b^•− were not affected by alkali metal ions, indicating no ion pair formation between the radicals and these ions. Fc–cnq–1a²⁻/Fc–cnq–1b²⁻ was not evolved in the presence of Be²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺, but Fc–cnq–1a^•− /Fc–cnq–1b^•− appeared with their cathodic waves, and participated with intermediates, [(Fc–cnq–1b)₂^•− –Be²⁺ and [(Fc–cnq–1a)^•− –Cl]. The most pronounced effect on the ion-pair formation of the Fc–cnq–1a^•− /Fc–cnq–1b^•− was observed in Be²⁺, indicating that Fc–cnq–1a or Fc–cnq–1b can selectively sense ultra-trace amount of Be²⁺ (LOD = 3.6 ppb) among the other metal ions with SWV titration, for the first time, based on the strong ion pair formation reaction between the radicals and Be²⁺.

11 illus, 50 ref

002772   YELCHURI V, SRIKANTH K, PRASAD R B, KARUNA M S L (CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad- 500 007, Email: mslkaruna@gmail.com) : Olefin metathesis of fatty acids and vegetable oils. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 39.

The article reviews various olefin metathesis reactions namely self-metathesis (SM), crossmetathesis (CM), acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization, ring closing metathesis (RCM) and ring opening metathesis (ROM) reactions for the synthesis of a variety of platform chemicals with potential industrial applications from vegetable oils and fatty acids. Different fatty acids employed for various metathesis reactions were oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, erucic, petroselinic, sterculic, undecenoic and ricinoleic acids, while vegetable oils used were Helianthus (sunflower), Brassica napus (rapeseed), Glycine max (soybean), Hevea brasiliensis (rubber), Butea monosperma (palash), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) and Sterculia foetida (jangli badam). Even though Grubbs’ catalysts were employed for most of the reactions, other catalysts such as rhenium, molybdenum and tungsten based have also been used for selective reactions of vegetable oils and fatty acids. The article reviews some of the mechanistic pathways involved in the generation of unusual intermediates from fatty acids and triglycerides.

12 illus, 119 ref

002773   YUN D, CHAE J B, KIM C (Fine Chemicals Dep, Seoul National Univ of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-740, Republic of Korea, Email: chealkim@snut.ac.kr) : An imine-based colorimetric chemodosimeter for the detection of hypochlorite (ClO−) in aqueous media: Its application in test strips and real water samples. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 38.

A highly selective colorimetric chemodosimeter ASAD, (E)-2-((4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino)-5-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid, was readily synthesized and characterized. The probe ASAD could selectively recognize hypochlorite (ClO⁻) through an oxidative cleavage of C=N bond with a color change from yellow to colorless and detected it down to a low concentration of 0.95 μM. Importantly, ASAD could be employed as a practical and efficient optical sensor for ClO⁻ in test strips and water samples. Moreover, the detection process of ASAD to hypochlorite was demonstrated by UV-vis spectroscopy, NMR titration and theoretical calculations.

7 illus, 1 table, 52 ref

002702   ILKHANI A R (Chemistry Dep, Alberta Univ, AB T6G 2G2, Canada, Email: ilkhaniali@iauyazd.ac.ir) : Deformation of E₄ (E = P, As, Sb) tetrahedron structures via doping two atoms with elements from group 13: A study of the pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 37.

White phosphorus and yellow arsenic are the most famous inorganic four-membered tetrahedral molecules in nature. Due to the recent application of the tetrahedron-based system as a carrier in drug delivery, the manipulation of the E₄ (E = P, As, Sb) tetrahedron structure by replacing two of the E atoms by elements from group 13 (D = Al, Ga,In) has been computationally explored. The symmetry-breaking phenomenon induced by the pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect was reported in the E₂D₂ tetrahedral structure. State averaging of the four low-lying electronic states along the _a2 deformation normal coordinate for the series in CASSCF(4,4)/cc– pVTZ–(PP) was carried out to formulate the (1A₁ + 2A₁ + 1A₂) ⊗ a₂ PJTE problem and their corresponding coupling constants estimated by fitting the obtained state energies. Moreover, the deformed C_2v tetrahedral configuration of E₂D₂ can be restored by i) the protonation of the D atoms or ii) trapping a noble gas dication in the center cavity cage of the systems. Furthermore, the calculated thermodynamic properties of the E₂D₂ show that the protonation reaction acts as a spontaneous process fulfilling the ΔG < 0 conditions and the considered series obeys the Bronsted–Lowry base behaviors.

4 illus, 3 tables, 49 ref

002742   SAMANTA S, HALDER S, MANNA U, DAS G (Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati- 781 039, Email: gdas@iitg.ernet.in) : Specific detection of hypochlorite: A cyanine based turn-on fluorescent sensor. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 36.

Judiciously designed cyanine based fluorogenic probe (L) can exhibit interesting solvent polarity induced isomerization. The probe displayed a highly selective TURN-ON fluorescence response towards hypochlorite among various reactive oxygen species (ROS) and analytes in a mixed aqueous medium. The sensing process was attributed to the formation of a probe-OCl adduct which results in restricting the donoracceptor extended conjugation. The detection limit was found to be as low as 3 μM. The proposed sensing mechanism is supported by mass spectrometric analysis and HPLC study.Judiciously designed cyanine based fluorogenic probe (L) can exhibit interesting solvent polarity induced isomerization. The probe displayed a highly selective TURN-ON fluorescence response towards hypochlorite among various reactive oxygen species (ROS) and analytes in a mixed aqueous medium. The sensing process was attributed to the formation of a probe-OCl adduct which results in restricting the donoracceptor extended conjugation. The detection limit was found to be as low as 3 μM. The proposed sensing mechanism is supported by mass spectrometric analysis and HPLC study.

5 illus, 73 ref

002719   MADHURA T R, KUMAR G G, RAMARAJ R (Physical Chemistry Dep, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Tamil Nadu- 625 021, Email: kumarg2006@gmail.com) : Gold nanoparticles decorated silicate sol-gel matrix embedded reduced graphene oxide and manganese ferrite nanocomposite materials-modified electrode for glucose sensor application. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(5), 35.

Gold nanoparticles decorated on silicate sol-gel matrix embedded manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄)- reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites were synthesized through a facile chemical method. The prepared samples were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses. The Au nanostructures on rGO-MnFe₂O₄ improved the electrocatalytic activity of the rGO-MnFe₂O₄@Au composite-materials-modified electrodes towards glucose oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric methods were used to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of the rGO-MnFe₂O₄@Au modified electrodes towards glucose oxidation in 0.1 M NaOH at a less-positive potential (0.2 V) in the absence of any enzyme or redox mediator. The  nanocomposite-modified electrode (GCE/EDAS/rGO-MnFe₂O₄@Au) was successfully used for the amperometric sensing of glucose and the experimental detection limit of 10 μM glucose was observed. The common interfering agents did not interfere with the detection of glucose. The present sensor showed good stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. The nanocomposite-modified electrode was successfully used for the determination of glucose in the urine sample.

5 illus, 2 tables, 49 ref

002706   JALUTHRIYA V, BEDARKAR P, PATGIRI B J, HARISHA C R (Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana Dep, Gujarat Ayurved Univ, Jamnagar, Gujarat, Email: 14vasu87@gmail.com) : Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical evaluation of poly herbal formulation: Agastyaharitaki avaleha. J Phytopharmacol 2019, 8(3), 104-10.

In the era of increasing demand for indigenous medicines, maintaining quality standards is the need of the hour. Agastyaharitaki Avaleha is a poly herbal formulation used for the management of various diseases like kasa, Shwasa, and urdvaroga etc. It containing Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), 20 kwatha dravya, Pippali, Guda, Tila taila, Go-ghrita, Madhu. The nomenclature of Agastyaharitaki Avaleha is based on its one main ingredient is Haritaki. It has told by Mahrishai Agastya. Therefore the first time this is explained as Agastyaharitaki Rasayana in Charaka samhita and Ashtangahridayama. Hence, the present study was undertaken to standardize the compound Ayurvedic formulation through Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical evaluation. The sample was subjected for various phytochemical parameters like water soluble extractive (66.4 % w/w), alcohol soluble extractive (8.31 % w/w), ash value (30 % w/w), loss on drying (31.16 % w/w), pH (6.4), Total sugar (21.1 %) and Reducing sugar (18.2 %). The HPTLC, solvent system was showed the presence of 7 spots at 254 nm and 3 spots at 366 nm. Thus, the physiochemical and microscopic characters achieved may provide guidelines for standardization of Agastyaharitaki Avaleha formulation.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

001448   PAL R (Chemistry Dep, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Coll, Kolkata - 700 020, Email: pal_rammohan@yahoo.com) : A green synthesis of amino Schiff bases using mango water as a natural catalyst under hand grinding technique. Indian J Chem Sec B 2019, 58B(04), 522-6.

The application of edible fruit juice in organic synthesis has attracted the interest of chemists, particularly from the view of green chemistry. A series of amino Schiff bases have been prepared in good to excellent yield from the condensation of 1,2-diaminobenzenes with various aromatic aldehydes in presence of mango water as a natural acid catalyst under hand grinding technique. The reaction is green and economically viable. The product is purified by simple filtration followed by crystallisation with ethanol and drying processes.

2 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

001458   RUPAVANI B, VENKATESWARLU P (Chemistry Dep, Adarsh Degree & PG Coll (Affliated to Palamuru Univ), Mahabubnagar - 509 001, Email: drrupavanimrsc@gmail.com) : Synthesis and biological activity of some novel isoxazoles derived from benzosuberones. Indian J Chem Sec B 2019, 58B(04), 511-5.

A class of novel isoxazoles 3a-h derived from 2, 3-dimethyl-6-arylidene-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H- benzo[a]cyclohepten-5-ones 2a-h have been reported and characterized by spectral analysis. The compounds have been assayed for their potential anticancer activity on human cancer cell lines. Compounds 3a, 3c show moderate anti cancer activity towards prostate cancer and 3a, 3c, 3f show mild activity towards breast cancer.

1 table, 18 ref

001431   KUNDLIKAR S G, RANDHAVANE P V, AKOLKAR H N, KARALE B K (Chemistry Dep, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar - 414 001, Email: bkkarale@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial screening of fluorinated benzofuran containing heterocycles. Indian J Chem Sec B 2019, 58B(04), 504-10.

2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-phenylbenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid 1 when treated with substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenones 2 in dry pyridine and POCl₃ affords compound 3 which when reacted with pyridine/KOH by B. V. transformation gives 4. Compound 4 on refluxing with different reagents Ac₂O in presence of sodium acetate, acetic acid in HCl, and hydrazinehydrate in alcohol gives 5, 6 and 7 respectively. The structures of all synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for their antibacterial activity.

1 table, 22 ref

001462   SHIVARAJ B B, HARIPRASAD K S, RATHOD B B, PRAKASHAM R S, RAJU B C (Chemistry Div, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500 007, Email: chinaraju@iict.res.in) : Synthesis and anti-microbial activity of 2H-chromenylmethylene benzohydrazides^#. Indian J Chem Sec B 2019, 58B(04), 497-503.

2H-Chromenylmethylene benzohydrazides 6a-t have been prepared by the reaction of 2H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes 4a-e with benzohydrizides 5a-c and isonicotinohydrazide 5d in ethyl alcohol at room temperature. All the synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their anti-microbial activity. Compounds 6a, 6f, 6p and 6t have potent anti-bacterial activity. Compounds 6a and 6f are highly potent and 6l, 6p and 6t have equi potent anti-fungal activity.

2 tables, 23 ref

001455   PRASAD S, MITTAL A, SHARMA S K (Chemistry Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi - 110 007, Email: sksharma@chemistry.du.ac.in) : Synthesis of novel acrylyl pyranochromen-2-one derivatives and their antibacterial activity evaluation. Indian J Chem Sec B 2019, 58B(04), 482-96.

A series of fourteen pyranochromen-2-one acrylate derivatives has been synthesized by acid-catalyzed esterification reaction of the corresponding pyranochromen-2-one acrylic acids with various alcohols under reflux conditions. In order to have comparison of the activity profiles of esters and amides, the synthesis of ten pyranochromen-2-one acrylamides from corresponding acrylic acids using different coupling agents has also been carried out. All of the synthesized compounds have been fully characterized from their spectral data and evaluated for antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). It is inferred form the results that the presence of hydroxyl group along with longer hydrophobic alkyl chain is favorable for a compound to inhibit bacterial growth, which can be used to design and develop the next generation of compounds with higher antibacterial efficacy.

2 illus, 1 table, 34 ref