021199   Gibali A;Jadamba B;Khan A A;Oleksyn J (Mathematics Dep, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel) : Gradient and extragradient methods for an alliptic inverse problem of parameter identification: a numerical study. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1; Spl), 33-51.

In recent years, many gradient and extragradient methods have been studied for minimization problems and variational inequalities. However, only few of them have been implemented and there is currently no understanding of the relative efficiency and effectiveness of these methods. In this paper, authors employ gradient and extragradient type methods to solve the inverse problem of parameter identification. Presented a thorough numerical comparison of projected gradient method, scaled projected gradient method, and several extragradient methods including the Marcotte variants, He-Goldstein type method, the projection-contraction method proposed by Solodov and Tseng, and a hyperplane method.

8 illus, 33 ref

021198   Dorsett C (NO, Texas A&M Commerce Univ, Texas) : Additional characterizations of separation axioms using proper subspaces. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect A 2013, 25(2), 231-4.

Within this paper recent characterizations of separation axioms obtained by using proper subspaces and proper subspace inherited properties are used to further characterize the separation axioms.

4 ref

021197   Bhosle U N (NO, School of Mathematics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai-400 005, Email: usha@math.tifr.res.in) : Maps into projective spaces. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Mathl Sci 2013, 123(3), 331-44.

10 ref

021196   Bhaumik S;Mehta V (NO, School of Mathematics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai-400 005, Email: saurav@math.tifr.res.in) : Harder-narasimhan filtrations which are not split by the frobenius maps. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Mathl Sci 2013, 123(3), 361-3.

Produced a smooth projective scheme X over Z, a rank 2 vector bundle V on X with a line subbundle L having the following property. For a prime p, let F_p be the absolute Fobenius of X_p, and let L_p ⊂ V_p be the restriction of L ⊂ V. Then for almost all primes p, and for all t ≥ 0, (F_p*)^t L_p ⊂ (F_p*)^t V_p is a non-split Harder-Narasimhan filtration. In particular, (F_p*)^t V_p is not a direct sum of strongly semistable bundles for any t. This construction works for any full flag veriety G/B, with semisimple rank of G ≥ 2. For the construction, authors used Borel-Weil-Bott theorem in characteristic 0, and Frobenius splitting in characteristic p.

6 ref

021195   Bhatt S J;Karia D J;Shah M M (Mathematics Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388 120, Email: subhashbhaib@gmail.com) : On a class of smooth frechet subalgebras of C algebras. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Mathl Sci 2013, 123(3), 393-413.

Paper contributes to understanding the differential structure in a C*-algebra. Refining the Banach (D_p*)-algebras investigated by Kissin and Shulman as noncommutative analogues of the algebra C^p[a, b] of p-times continuously differ-entiable functions authors investigate a Frechet (D_∞*)-subalgebra B of a C*-algebra as a noncommutative analogue of the algebra C^∞ [a, b] of smooth functions. Regularity properties like spectral invariance, closure under functional calculi and domain invariance of homomorphisms are derived expressing B as an inverse limit over n of Banach (D_n*)-algebras. Several examples of such smooth algebras are exhibited.

21 ref

021194   Amara Jothi A;David N G;Baskar Babujee J (Mathematics Dep, Madras Christian College, Chennai-59, Email: amarajothia@gmail.com) : Variation of edge bimagic total labeling. Int J mathl Combinatorics 2014, 1(Mar), 49-60.

3 illus, 8 ref

021193   Ahmed Z (Applied Mathematics Dep, Rishiraj Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Fixed point theorems for generalized metric space. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect A 2013, 25(2), 227-30.

In this paper a unique fixed point theorem is proved for generalized metric space satisfying a generalized contractive condition, using asymptotic regularity. Our result unifies and generalizes various known results.

5 ref

020169   Zheng X;Wang J (Mathematics Dep, Jiangxi Normal Univ, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China, Email: xjzh1985@126.com ) : Symmetry results for systems involving fractional Laplacian. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 39-51.

25 ref

020168   Yun Y S (Mathematics Dep, Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National Univ, Jeju 690-756, Korea) : Exponential fuzzy probability for generalized quadratic fuzzy sets. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 77-83.

Zadeh defines the probability of the fuzzy event A using the probability P. defines the exponential fuzzy probability on R using the exponential distribution. And calculated the exponential fuzzy probability for generalized quadratic fuzzy sets.

5 ref

020167   Yun Y S (Mathematics Dep, Jeju National Univ, Jeju-690 756, Republic of Korea) : Exponential fuzzy probability for generalized triangular fuzzy sets. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 227-35.

Fuzzy event A is a fuzzy set on a probability space (Ω, ℑ, P). Zadeh defines the probability of the fuzzy event A using the probability P. Defined the exponential fuzzy probability on R using the exponential distribution. Also, calculated the exponential fuzzy probability for generalized triangular fuzzy sets.

6 ref

020166   Yang M (Mathematics Dep, Incheon Univ, Yeonsoo-Gu Songdo-Dong 12-1, Incheon-406 772, Korea, Email: mhyang@incheon.ac.kr) : Herglotz spaces related to the state spaces of linear systems. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 153-71.

Let S be an upper triangular operator such that M_S^L : υ₂ → υ₂ defined by M_S^L (F) = SF is contractive and 1 + S_[0] is invertible in D₂. Then there exists a Herglotz space related to the space H_L(S). Also, there exists the space ε such that the transformation T(F, H) = ((F - F_[0]) Z^-1, HZ^-1 + F_[0]) has an isometric adjoint in ε.

8 ref

020165   Xia E X W;Yao O X M (Mathematics Dep, Jiangsu Univ, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China, Email: ernestxwxia@163.com) : Some modular relations for the Gollnitz-Gordon functions and Ramanujan's modular equations. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 53-74.

Huang used the methods of Rogers, Watson and Bressoud to derive some new modular relations involving the Gollnitz-Gordon functions. In this paper, using Ramanujan's modular equations, we present a uniform method to prove these modular relations established by Huang.

14 ref

020164   Wang L;Wei J C (Mathematics Dep, Southest Univ, Nanjing, 210096, China, Email: wanglseu@hotmail.com) : Central semicommutative rings. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 13-25.

A ring R is central semicommutative if ab - 0 implies that aRb ⊆Z(R) for any a, b ∈ R. Since every semicommutative ring is central semicommutative, studied sufficient condition for central semicommutative rings to be semicommutative. It was proved that some results of semicommutative rings can be extended to central semicommutative rings for this general settings, in particular, it is shown that every central semicommutative ring is nil-semicommutative. It was also shown that the class of central semicommutative rings lies strictly between classes of semicommutative rings and abelian rings. For an Armendariz ring R, author proved that R is central semicommutative if and only if the polynomial ring R[x] is central semicommutative. Moreover, for a central semicommutative ring R, it is proven that (1) R is strongly regular if and only if R is a left GP-V '-ring whose maximal essential left ideals are GW-ideals if and only if R is a left GP-V' -ring whose maximal essential right ideals are GW-ideals. (2) If R is a left SF and central semicommutative ring, then R is a strongly regular ring.

10 ref

020163   Vahidi A R;Didgar M;Rach R C (Mathematics Dep, Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: alrevahidi@yahoo.com) : Improved approximate analytic solution for Riccati equations over extended intervals. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 27-38.

In this paper, author presented a new effective approach based on previous method for solving Riccati equations [Vahidi and Didgar, An improved method for determining the solution of Riccati equations, Neural Comput & Applic DOI 10.1007/s00521-012-1064-5, 2012]. The proposed technique combines transformation of variables with the Laplace Adomian decomposition method, which is a variant of the classic Adbmian decomposition method. The method examined practicality for several specific examples of the Riccati equation. Numerical results show that the proposed method is more efficient and accurate than other applied methods over extended intervals, and stands in good agreement to the exact solutions. The obtained results provide a rapidly convergent series, from which author achieved a high degree of accuracy using only a few terms of the recursion scheme. Thus we developed a natural sequence of rational approximations as a;technique of solution continuation for the Riccati equation.

3 tables, 20 ref

020162   Thangavelu K (Mathematics Dep, Pachaiyyappa's College, Chennai-600 030) : Some asymptotic properties of solutions of second order quasi linear neutral type difference equations. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 247-59.

Investigated asymptotic properties of solutions of the second order neutral type difference equation Δ(a_n(Δ(x_n + c_nx_n-k))^α + q_nf(x_n+1-1)g-(Δx_n = 0, n ∈ N(n₀), where {a_n), {c_n}, {q_n} are real sequences, k: and l are non-negative integers, a is a ratio of odd positive integers and f and g are continuous real valued functions. Our results improve and generalize some known results of neutral delay difference equations.

9 ref

020161   Sunthornwat R;Prommi P;Kreua-ongarjnukool N (Mathematics Dep, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's Technology Univ, North Bangkok 10800, Thailand, Email: rapin_ma@yahoo.com ) : Classification of molecular structure by symmetry group. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 261-72.

In this paper, authors apply composition of functions, permutation and symmetry groups to systematic classification of molecular structures. The results show that for some molecules the set of permutations of a molecule under the composition operation is a group. The symmetry of a molecule under geometric transformations can be represented mathematically by a point group. The point group of the water molecule has been developed and analyzed. A program written in VRML has been developed to give a 3-D picture of a point group and applied to the water molecule.

4 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

020160   Suganthi S;Nirmala G (NO, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Thirunelveli, Email: mathisuganthi@gmail.com) : Fundamental theorem of homomorphism in fuzzy subgroups. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2012, 6(2), 91-4.

In this paper, a new concept of homomorphism between two fuzzy subgroups μ and μ'is defined. Many results analogous to homomorphism of groups are established and Fundamental theorem of homomorphism in fuzzy subgroups is derived.

10 ref

020159   Subramanian N;Anbalagan P;Thirunavukkarasu P (Mathematics Dep, SASTRA Univ, Thanjavur-613 401, Email: nsmaths@yahoo.com) : The generalized modular sequence space of <72><. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 173-91.

In this paper, authors introduce the modular sequence space Γ² of fuzzy numbers using modulus function and examine some topological properties of these space also establish some duals results among them. We define the sequence spaces Γ_fλ² and Γ_g^2λ, where f = (f_mn) and g = (g_mn) are sequences of modulus functions such that f_mn and g_mn are mutually complementary for each m, n.

53 ref

020158   Sitthiwirattham T;Baitiang C (Mathematics Dep, Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's Univ of Technology North Ban, Bangkok 10800, Thailand) : Matching and edge covering number on strong product of complete graphs. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 165-72.

3 illus, 5 ref

020157   Sitthiwirattham T (Mathematics Dep, Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's Univ of Technology North Ban, Bangkok 10800, Thailand, Email: tst@kmutnb.ac.th) : Domination on lexicographical product of cycles. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 193-200.

3 illus, 5 ref

020156   Singh K K;Panday R K;Kumar A (NO, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Techology Design and Manufacturi, Jabalpur-482 005, Madhya Pradesh, Email: kks04540@gmail.com ) : Numerical inversion of laplace transforms using wavelet. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 88-93.

Presents a new approach for performing numerical inversion of the Laplace transform using rationalised Haar wavelet. Generally, the derivation of the operational matrix is difficult, presented an elementary approach to the operational matrices of orthogonal functions. The stated algorithm is simple and only matrix multiplications and ordinary algebraic operations are involved in the method.

1 table, 8 ref

020155   Singh K;Gupta R K;Sachin Kumar;Anupma (Mathematics Dep, Jaypee Information Technology Univ, Waknaghat, P.O. Dumehar Bani, District Solan-173 215, Email: sachin1jan@yahoo.com) : Symmetry reductions and exact solutions of modified B-family equation. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 52-60.

The b-family equation u_t - u_xxt + (b + 1)uu_x = bu_x u_xx + uu_xxx was introduced by D.D. Holm and M.F. Struley, which describes the balance between the convection and the stretching for small viscosity in the dynamics of 1-dimensional non-linear waves in fluids. In this paper, author first performed the direct method introduced by Clarkson and Kruksal (1989) for symmetries of the modified b-family equation u_t - u_xxt + (b + 1)u²u_x = bu_x u_xx + uu_xxx and using symmetries of the equation, similarity reductions are obtained and showed some exact solutions.

11 ref

020154   Sheela M;Nirmala G (Mathematics Dep, S.T.E.T. Women's College, Mannargudi, Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, Email: surthisri2004@gmail.com) : Fuzzy effective shortest spanning tree algorithm. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2012, 6(2), 77-81.

In this paper, Fuzzy Effective Spanning tree, Fuzzy Effective branch, Fuzzy Effective chord, Fuzzy Effective rank, Fuzzy Effective nullity, Fuzzy Effective shortest spanning tree, Fuzzy Effective ring sum and Fuzzy Effective fundamental circuit are introduced and some interesting results for these new parameters in Fuzzy Graphs are obtained.

8 illus, 12 ref

020153   Rahman M;Wu H (NO, Minnesota State Univ, Mankato, MN 56001 U.S.A., Email: mezbahur.rahman@mnsu.edu) : Tests for normality: a comparative study. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 143-84.

Subject of assessing whether a data set is from a specific distribution has received a good deal of attention. This topic is critically important for the normal distribution. Several test statistics' distributions are compared, such as, Anderson-Darling A test, Chi-square test, Shapiro-Francia W' test, D'Agostino-Pearson K² test, and three different likelihood tests by Zhang and Wu [15] which are modifications of commonly known tests, such as, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises, and Anderson-Darling tests. Chi-square test is considered for various number of groups. Practitioners are used to with the Chi-square test because all other tests are dependent on specialized tables and/or software. Here, we give algorithms, how those specialized tables can be generated and then the respective tests can be implemented without much difficulty.

1 illus, 15 ref

020152   Ponsawat J;Chaiyaratana N;Aporntewan C; Chongstitvatana P (Computer Engineering Dep, Chulalongkorn Univ, Thailand, Email: jiradej@kku.ac.th) : Using chi-square matrix to strengthen multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 57-76.

Many complex engineering problems have multi-objectives where each objective is conflicting with others. However, a lot research works in optimization by Competent Genetic Algorithm are focused on single objective methods. These algorithms work very well for single objective problems but stumble when trying to discover a large number of solutions naturally occurred in multi-objective problems. There are many multi-objective problems where solutions share common characteristic, for example decomposable multi-objective problems. This characteristic can be exploited to identify and compose these common structures. This work proposes to apply the concept of Building Blocks to improve evolutionary algorithms to tackle such problems. Building Block Identification algorithm is used to guide the crossover operator in order to maintain good Building Blocks and mix them effectively. The proposed method is evaluated by using Building Block Identification guided crossover in a well-known Genetic Algorithm to solve multiple-objective problems. The result shows that the proposed method is effective. Moreover, it obtains a good spread of solutions even when the Building Blocks are loosely encoded.

9 illus, 5 tables, 31 ref

020151   Phuengrattana W;Suantai S (Mathematics Dep, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat Univ, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand, Email: withun_ph@yahoo.com) : Existence and convergence theorems for generalized hybrid mappings in uniformly convex metric spaces. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 121-36.

In this paper, author showed a relationship between strictly convexity of type (I) and (II) defined by Takahashi and Talman, and proved that any uniformly convex metric space is strictly convex of type (II). Continuity of the convex structure is also shown on a compact domain. Then, prove the existence of a minimum point of a convex, lower semicontinuous and d-coercive function defined on a nonempty closed convex subset of a (Complete uniformly convex metric space. By using this property, proved fixed point theorems for (α, β)- generalized hybrid mappings in uniformly convex metric spaces. Also obtained a common fixed point theorem for a countable commutative family of (α, β)- generalized hybrid mappings in uniformly convex metric spaces. Finally, established strong convergence of a Mann type iteration to a fixed point of (α, β-generalized hybrid mapping in a uniformly convex metric space without assuming continuity of convex structure. These results can be applied to obtain the existence and convergence theorems for (α, β) -generalized hybrid mappings in Hilbert spaces, uniformly convex Banach spaces and CAT(0) spaces.

36 ref

020150   Park J S (Mathematics Education Dep, Institute of Mathematics Education Chinju National Univ of Education, Jinju 660-756, Korea, Email: parkjs@cue.ac.kr) : On common fixed point theorem using absorbing and reciprocally continuous maps. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 133-42.

In this paper, author introduce ε-chainable space, absorbing maps in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space and prove common fixed point theorem for these maps and generalize and extend the results of many authors.

10 ref

020149   Merca M (Mathematics Dep, Craiova Univ, A.I. Cuza 13, Craiova, 200585 Romania, Email: mircea.merca@profinfo.edu.ro ) : Generalization of the symmetry between complete and elementary symmetric functions. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 75-89.

Generalization for the symmetry between complete symmetric functions and elementary symmetric functions is given. As corollaries author derived the inverse of a triangular Toeplitz matrix and the expression of the Toeplitz-Hessenberg determinant. A very large variety of identities involving integer partitions and multinomial coefficients can be generated using this generalization. The partitioned binomial theorem and a new formula for the partition function p(n) are obtained in this way.

8 ref

020148   Mehra M;Behera R (Mathematics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: mmehra@maths.iitd.ac.in ) : Applications and properties of different kind of wavelet. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 1-15.

In this paper, author present an overview of different kinds of wavelet and its properties. Also point out advantages and disadvantages of differents kinds of wavelet.

2 tables, 28 ref

020147   Matinfar M;Aminzadeh M;Nemati M (Mathematics Dep, Mazandaran Univ, Babolsar, Iran, Email: m.matinfar@umz.ac.ir) : Exp-function method for the exact solutions of Sawada-Kotera equation. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 111-19.

In this paper, author used the Exp-Function method to construct some exact solutions of generalized Sawada-Kotera equation. It is shown that the Exp-Function method, with the help of symbolic computation, provides a powerful mathematical tool for solving other nonlinear evolution equations arising in mathematical physics.

2 illus, 16 ref

020146   MahadevaNaika M S;Chandankumar S;Suman N P (Mathematics Dep, Bangalore Univ, Central College Campus, Bangalore-560 001, Email: msmnaika@rediffmail.com) : Certain modular identities for Ramanujan's cubic continued fraction. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 101-24.

In this paper, first we establish some new relations for ratios of Ramanujan's theta functions. We also establish new relations connecting Ramanujan's cubic continued fraction V(q) with three other continued fractions V(q²⁴), V(q^8/3) and V(q²⁷).

12 ref

020145   Lin C F;Ma S H (NO, College of Science Lishui Univ, Lishui 323000, P.R. China, Email: zjlsfjp@yahoo.com.cn) : Variable separation solutions and the annihilation solitons in A (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 125-31.

With the mapping approach and a linear variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions (including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, and rational function solutions) for (2 + 1) -dimensional Burgers equation is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave solution, some specific solitons and the annihilation phenomena of solitons are also obtained.

2 illus, 9 ref

020144   Lee M (Mathematics Dep, Mokwono Univ, Daejeon, 302-729 Korea, Email: lmsds@mokwon.ac.kr) : Asymptotic average in shadowing property for volume preserving diffeomorphisms. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 47-56.

It is shown that if a volume preserving diffeomorphism has the C¹ -interior asymptotic average shadowing property, then it is Anosov.

8 ref

020143   Kirubaharan D R;Arunraj B (Mathematics Dep, AVVM Sri Pushpam College, Poondi-613 503, Email: jagkans@yahoo.com) : Application of gracefulness on V-tree. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2012, 6(2), 104-5.

In this paper, authors prove that V-tree* 2F_n is graceful.

4 illus, 7 ref

020142   Kang H J;Kim C S;Roh E H (Mathematics Education Dep, Institute of Mathematics Education Chinju National Univ of Education, Jinju 660-756, Korea, Email: kanghj@cue.ac.kr) : N-structures with application in p-ideals of BCI-algebras. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 1-13.

The notion of a p-ideal based on N -function (briefly, N_p -ideal) is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between N_p-ideals and N-ideals are considered. Characterizations and translations of an N_p -ideal are discussed.

17 ref

020141   John T M;Kuriakose S (Mathematics Dep, Marthoma College, Tiruvalla, Kerala) : Semigroup of alternaives using fuzzy valuation function. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 199-210.

Semigroup (Howie [5]; Hammond [4]) is a non-empty set with an associative binary operation defined on it. Rosenfield [6] formulated the notion of fuzzy semigroups and showed how some basic notions of group theory can be extended in an elementary manner using fuzzy subgroup. Here, in this paper, authors constructs a semigroup on the set of alternatives D, using the fuzzy valuation function ' V that has been defined. The ranking of alternatives simultaneously in a decision problem using the fuzzy valuation function 'V', is interpreted in this paper in terms of a binary operation 'o' on D, where the binary operation 'o' is the preference among the alternatives for the decision maker, thus giving D a semigroup structure. New definitions for minimal elements, identity element, inverses, regular elements and commutative elements are introduced for the semigroup (D, o) in this context and theorems related to it are proved.

11 ref

020140   Jiang G;Cai J;Han G (Mathematics Dep, Nanjing Normal Univ, Nanjing 210024, P.R. China, Email: guanghaoj@126.com ) : An intrinsic characterization of a kind of distribute posets. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 15-25.

In this paper, the concept of maximal weak ideals relative to a filter on posets is introduced and examined. An intrinsic characterization of a kind of distributive posets is obtained.

8 ref

020139   Jagatheeshwari R (Mathematics Dep, P.S.GR Krishnammal College for women, Coimbatore-641 004) : Some properties of level subsets in fuzzy set in a Γ near - ring. Res Highlight 2014, 24(1), 28-31.

The basic concepts of gamma near-ring and the extension of that fuzzy ideal of gamma near-ring were studied. These were applied in fuzzy level subsets and fuzzy left and right ideals.

9 ref

020138   Inan B;Bahadir A R (Mathematics Dep, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu Univ, 44280 Malatya, Turkey, Email: bilge.inan@inonu.edu.tr) : Numerical solution of the one-dimensional burgers' equation: implicit and fully implicit exponential finite difference methods. Pramana J Phys 2013, 81(4), 547-56.

This paper describes two new techniques which give improved exponential finite difference solutions of Burgers' equation. These techniques are called implicit exponential finite difference method and fully implicit exponential finite difference method for solving Burgers' equation. As the Burgers' equation is nonlinear, the scheme leads to a system of nonlinear equations. At each time-step, Newton's method is used to solve this nonlinear system. The results are compared with exact values and it is clearly shown that results obtained using both the methods are precise and reliable.

3 illus, 7 tables, 20 ref

020137   Hong Y;Wu Z (Mathematics Dep, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, 212013, P.R. China, Email: hongyanyong2008@zju.edu.cn) : Adjoint action for quantum algebra U_r,t. Indian J pure appl Math 2014, 45(1), 91-110.

The aim of this paper is to study the adjoint action for U_r,t (introduced by Wu in [13]) and the locally finite subalgebra of U_r,t at q not a root of unity. The structure of the locally finite subalgebra of U_r,t to characterize all its ideals and some primitive ideals of U_r,t.

14 ref

020136   Edward Samuel A;Venkatachalapathy M (Ramanujan Research Centre P.G. & Research Dep, Mathematics Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam-612 001, Email: aedward74_thrc@yahoo.co.in) : Improved zero point method for solving fuzzy transportation problems using ranking function. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 85-100.

In this paper, a proposed method, namely, Improved Zero Point Method (IZPM) [20] is used for solving fuzzy transportation problems by assuming that a decision maker is uncertain about the precise values of the transportation cost only. But there is no uncertainty about the supply and demand of the product. In the proposed method, transportation costs are represented by generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. To illustrate the proposed method, a numerical example is solved and the obtained result is compared with the results of existing approaches. The proposed method is easy to understand and apply on real life transportation problems for the decision makers.

37 ref

020135   Dobbs D E (Mathematics Dep, Tennessee Univ, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996-1320, U.S.A., Email: dobbs@math.utk.edu) : On towers of survival pairs of commutative rings. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 237-46.

Let R ⊆ S ⊆ T be (commutative unital) rings. If S is integral over R, then (R, T) is a survival pair if and only if (S, T) is a survival pair. An example is given to show that if (R, S) is a survival pair and (S, T) is a survival pair, then (R, T) need not be a survival pair; in this example, R is a field, T is integral over S, and S and T are integral domains. The survival pair concept is used to determine which rings S are integral over R.

5 ref

020134   Dey K K;Paul A C;Rakhimov I S (Mathematics Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh, Email: kkdmath@yahoo.com) : On commutativity in gamma-near-rings with symmetric BI-(σ, τ)- derivations. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 211-25.

In this paper, authors obtain the conditions Of prime gamma-near-ring to be commutative by means of symmetric bi- (σ, τ) -derivations. We prove that every prime gamma-near-ring will be a commutative gamma-ring under certain conditions.

20 ref

020133   Deka R K;Paul A (Mathematics Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: ashpau185@gmail.com) : Convectively driven flow past an infinite moving vertical cylinder with thermal and mass stratification. Pramana J Phys 2013, 81(4), 641-65.

An analysis is performed to study the unsteady, incompressible, one-dimensional, free convective flow over an infinite moving vertical cylinder under combined buoyancy effects of heat and mass transfer with thermal and mass stratifications. Laplace transform technique is adopted for finding solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration with unit Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. Solutions of unsteady state for larger times are compared with the solutions of steady state. Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analysed for various sets of physical parameters. Skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown graphically. It has been found that the thermal as well as mass stratification affects the flow appreciably.

20 illus, 22 ref

020132   Chowdhury K C;Dipti Nath (Mathematics Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: chowdhurykc@yahoo.com) : Some aspects of θ-wreath sum of near-rings. Far East J mathl Sci 2013, 75(1), 27-46.

In this paper, authors introduced a general setting of wreath sum of two near-rings and together with some characteristics of homomorphisms, we justifiably establish through some examples, how the varieties in the structures are not even isomorphic.

9 tables, 4 ref

020131   Chen M;Wu Z (School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xianning Univ, Hubei, Xianning-437100, P.R. China, Email: wuzj52@hotmail.com) : On nevanlinna direction of meromorphic function dealing with multiple values. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 189-97.

In this paper, by using Ahlfors' theory of covering surface, the existence of Nevanlinna direction of meromorphic function dealing with multiple values is obtained. Results are obtained extending the previous results.

14 ref

020130   Chaturvedi D K;Siddiqi A H;Chandiok A;Agarwal S (Faculty of Engineering, Electrical Dep, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: dkc_foe@gmail.com) : Annual rainfall prediction using neuro-fuzzy and wavelet approach. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 16-32.

Rainfall prediction has become an integral part of the hydrological model. This paper presents the method of annual rainfall forecasting using wavelet transform and neuro-fuzzy approach based on the past history. The historical data have been decomposed into wavelet domain constitutive sub-series. The behaviour of the wavelet domain constitutive series has been studied based on the statistical analysis. Forecasting performance of the wavelet-coupled model has been compared with classical neuro-fuzzy, neural network and multiple linear regression models. The benchmark result shows that wavelet coupled model produces significantly better results in comparison with the neuro-fuzzy, neural network and regression models.

14 illus, 7 tables, 34 ref

020129   Chanchal Kumar (NO, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge Ci, Sector 81 Sas Nagar 140 306, Email: chanchal@iisermohali.ac.in) : Gram-schmidt orthogonalization and legendre polynomials. Resonance 2013, 18(2), 163-76.

3 ref

020128   Bhardwaj R (Non-Linear Dynamics Research Lab, Mathematics Dep, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ, Dwarka, New Delhi, Email: rashmib22@gmail.com) : Chaos in satellite motion under aerodynamic torque. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 68-80.

Deals with chaotic oscillation of the satellite under the influence of aerodynamic torque in circular orbit. Non-linear planar equation of motion of the model has been derived. Using the Bogoliubov-Krylov-Mitropolskii (BKM) method, it is observed that resonances exist. The analysis regarding stability of stationary planar oscillation of satellite near resonance frequency shows that discontinuity occurs in the amplitude of oscillation at frequency of external periodic force which is less than frequency of the natural oscillation. The aerodynamic torque plays a very significant role in changing the motion of revolution into libration or infinite period separatrix. The half width of the chaotic separatrices estimated by the Chrikpv's criterion is not affected by the aerodynamic torque. It has been concluded that in the spin-orbit phase space, the regular curves start disintegrating due to aerodynamic torque (e) and the irregular mass distribution (n) of the satellite and this disintegration increases with the increase in e and n.

1 illus, 16 ref

020127   Basit B;Gunzler H (School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash Univ, P.O. Box No. 28M, Vic. 3800, Australia, Email: bolis.basit@sci.monash.edu.au) : On spectral criteria and inclusions for solutions of evolution equations via reduced spectra. Far East J mathl Sci 2012, 65(2), 273-88.

Revisited the notion of reduced spectra sp_F(φ) for bounded measurable functions φ ∈ L^∞(J, X), F ⊂ L_loc¹(J, X). In Section 2, we give two examples which seem to be of independent interest for spectral theory. In Section 3, authors prove a spectral inclusion result for bounded mild solutions of evolution equation.

16 ref