011924   Kanwate V S (Zoology Dep, Vasantrao Naik College, Wasarni, Nanded-431 605) : Calcium and magnesium contents in water from Sikara dam. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(1), 54.

1 table, 1 ref

011923   Kakati S S;Sarma H P (Environmental Science Dep, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam) : Bacteriological studies of drinking water in the Lakhimpur district, Assam, India. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 157-60.

Obtains an assessment of bacteriological quality of drinking water of the district as many as 168 drinking water samples were collected from different sources of the district and analysed for: (i) presence/absence of coliform organism test (ii) Most probable number (MPN) test and (Hi) test for faecal coliform organisms. During analysis it was found that 58.2% samples have coliform MPN more than 10 and 40% of samples have faecal contamination.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

011922   Javad Jafari M;Karimi J A;Rezazadeh Azari M (Occupational Health Dep, Faculty of Health, Tehran Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: ali_karimi@razi.tums.ac.ir) : Role of exhaust ventilation systems in reducing occupational exposure to organic solvents in a paint manufacturing factory. Indian J occup envir Med 2008, 12(2), 82-7.

The successful design and implementation of several exhaust ventilation systems in a paint manufacturing factory. The ventilation systems were designed based on American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recommendations. The duct works, fans, and other parts were made and mounted by local manufacturers. The concentrations of toluene and xylene as the common solvents used in paint mixing factories were measured to evaluate the role of ventilation systems in controlling the organic solvents. Occupational exposure to toluene and xylene as the major pollutants was assessed with and without applying ventilation systems. For this purpose, samples were taken from breathing zone of exposed workers using personal samples. The samples were analyzed using Occupational Safety and Health Administration analytical method No. 12. The samples were quantified using gas chromatography. The results showed that the ventilation systems successfully controlled toluene and xylene vapors in workplace, air well below the recommended threshold limit value of Iran (44.49 and 97.73 ppm, respectively). It was also discovered that benzene concentration in workplace air was higher than its allowable concentrations. This could be from solvents impurities that require more investigations.

10 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

011921   Jana B K;Roy P K;Mazumdar A (NO, Jadavpur University, School of Water Resources Engineering (SWRE), Kolkata-700 032) : Advanced vehicular technology and improved fuel quality mitigating CO₂ emission from vehicular exhaust: a case study of Kolkata. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(8), 676-82.

Among the sources of CO₂ emission. vehicular emission has an important role for contributing CO₂ level in ambient air. The need to reduce vehicular pollution has led to emission control through regulations in conjunction with increasing environment friendly technologies. In the year 2000, passenger cars and commercial vehicles were in effect for meeting Euro-I equivalent India 2000 norms. Euro-II equivalent Bharat Stage-II norms were in force from 2001 in 4 metro cities including Kolkata. Bharat Stage III equivalent to Euro III norms were in effect from April. 2005 for 11 major cities and Bharat Stage IV equivalent to Euro IV norms will be effected from the year 2010. The vehicular number in Kolkata increases by many folds during last few decades. Evaluates the quantum of CO₂ emission from vehicular exhaust in Kolkata by considering the emission coefficient of CO of different vehicles in different stages of norms and average distance traveled by each vehicle as surveyed in Kolkata. Also suggests some recommendations for mitigating the different aspects of vehicular pollution especially on CO₂ emission in Kolkata.

4 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

011920   Jacob C;Joseph P V (P.G. Dep of Zoology Alphonsa College, , Pala, Kottayam, Kerala) : Heavy metal levels in the soils of pala municipality, Kerala. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 279-83.

The study involves the atomic absorption analysis of four selected heavy metals lead, cadmium, zinc and copper pollution in the soil samples of Pala municipality. A total of 120 surface soil samples (0-5 cm) and corresponding 120 sub-surface soil samples (5-10cm) were collected from industrial, agricultural, road side and institutional areas. The result shows that the level of Cd and Pb exceeded the recommended level. Copper pollution was found only in the industrial area. There was no zinc pollution in the soil samples analyzed.

2 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

011919   Guangming Z;Panyue Z (State Key Lab of Urban Resource Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China, Email: gmgwen@gmail.com) : Comparison of different methods for sludge lysis. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 12-17.

Sludge lysis is the key step for lysis-cryptic growth, an important mechanism for sludge reduction in wastewater treatments. This paper comparatively studies various methods for sludge lysis, including heating, alkaline addition, alkaline-heating, ozonation, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, and sonication, using efficiencies in sludge disintegration and supernatant characteristic changes. The results show that all these methods except for alkaline addition were effective for sludge lysis but none could completely liquify the sludge. The sludge structure was disrupted; the cell materials and extracellular polymer substances were released into the surrounding water As a result, the soluble chemical oxygen demand, supernatant total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and polysaccharide increased significantly. At the same time, the suspended solids in the sludge decreased. The sludge dry solid and volatile solid reduction was lower than the inorganic matters decrease, indicating that sludge lysis was more effective for floc disintegration than for bacteria cell disruption. For increase of supernatant nitrogen, phosphorous, and polysaccharide, heating was best and hydrogen peroxide and sonication were the poorest. For sludge disintegration, alkaline-heating was the most effective with 73% sludge decomposition, and treatment time played a key role. Hydrogen peroxide was better than ozone because ozone is a stronger oxidant. Dose/energy saturation existed for ozone and ultrasound lysis due to oxidation of the supernatant soluble materials.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

011918   Goswami U;Sarma H P (Chemistry Dep, LCB College, Guwahati-781 011) : Status of hospital solid waste disposal in Guwahati city. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 335-8.

The disposal of hospital solid waste is an issue of growing concern to the eco-friendly atmosphere. Improper practice of hospital waste disposal affects not only medical people who come in contact with the waste, but also paramedical staff, labour staff, rag-pickers and citizens at large. Good waste disposal practices lead to reduction in medical expenditure arising out of illness, unsighty scenes at various disposal bins, dumpsites and help in the formation of healthy society. Considering and realising these facts, a study was conducted to evaluate the current status of biomedical solid waste management in hospitals and nursing homes of Guwahati city. The aim is to recognize the existing practice of biomedical solid waste handling and disposal methods adopted by the health care units and to provide suggestions for improvement. The investigation reveals that most of the hospitals and nursing homes are devoid of implementation of biomedical waste disposal rules.

1 table, 12 ref

011917   Goswami U;Sarma H P (Chemistry Dep, LCB College, Guwahati-781 011) : Generation of municipal solid wastes in Guwahati city. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 331-4.

Rapid industrialization and increasing population has resulted in huge amount. of solid waste generation in urban areas. The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated from different sources and areas is increasing at an alarning rate. The Guwahati city is also facing a serious problem due to the large amount of solid waste generation. Realising the depth of this problem, a study was conducted to assess the composition of municipal solid waste generated from different localities and sources of generation in Guwahati city area. The study revealed that comparatively high organic content was present in the MSW collected from vegetable market, temple area, hotels & restaurants, cow yard and this MSW can be used for good quality compost. The MSW collected from bus stand, railway station, school and college, recreational park was high in paper and plastic content, which can be recycled and reprocessed to make it reusable.

1 table, 11 ref

011916   Goswami U;Sarma H P (Chemistry Dep, LCB College, Guwahati-781 011) : Impact of municipal solid waste dumping on soil quality in Guwahati city. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 327-30.

Due to increasing population, industrialization and urbanization a huge amount of solid waste is generated daily in cities and towns. In Guwahati city, the solid waste generated is disposed by Guwahati Municipal Corporation in the dumping site. The present investigation has been carried out to study the quality of solid waste treated soil collected from different locations and depths of the presently abandoned municipal solid waste dumping ground at Adabari in Guwahati city. The study on the impact of municipal solid waste disposal on soil properties revealed that the experimental value for the physico-chemical parameters increased for the solid waste treated soil in comparison to the control soil. This leads to assess the changes in physico-chemical characteristics and propeties of solid waste treated soils.

2 tables, 11 ref

011915   Goswami U;Sarma H P (Chemistry Dep, LCB College, Guwahati-781 011) : Heavy metal content in the bio-degradable solid wastes of Guwahati City. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 265-8.

The huge amount of solid waste generation and their disposal has become a major case of concern at present. In Guwahati city about 500 metric tonnes of solid wastes are generated daily. The solid wastes collected from the various parts of the city has different heavy metal content depending upon the nature and type of solid wastes. Heavy metals contamination results from anthropogenic as well as natural activities and creates health hazards when entered the food chain through their application to soil. It was found through experimental analysis that on an average, in Guwahati city the heavy metal content available in the bio-degradable solid waste samples were least with Cd and highest with Zn, Heavy metals can create various detrimental effects on the eco-system and attribute to the environmental pollution due to their toxic impacts on plants, animals and human beings.

ref

011914   Goel S (Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India-721 302, Email: sudhagoel@civil.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in India. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 50(4), 319-28.

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the most neglected aspects of India's environment and the recent Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 have made it mandatory for the administrative authority of any area to undertake responsibility for all activities relating to municipal solid waste management (MSWM). A survey of MSWM practices in Indian urban local bodies (ULBs) and the literature suggest that major problems in MSWM in India are: underestimation of generation rates and therefore, underestimation of resource requirements, lack of technical and managerial inputs, and lack of reliable and updated information to the public and practitioners in the field. India is a developing country whose economy is currently growing at an extremely rapid annual growth rate of 8 to 9%. Based on trends in countries like the US, and China, and European countries, it is clear that a growing economy and population are likely to result in growth rates of 11 to 12% in MSW generation. These growth rates are much higher than the current expert estimates of 1.3 % for per capita MSW generation and 4.2% for total MSW generation. The present ad hoc approach to MSW collection and transport results in inefficient utilization of resources. Modern technology and tools like remote sensing, GIS and mathematical optimatization methods can be used for more efficient allocation and utilization of resources.

^iia3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

011913   Ghosh S;Mukherjee S;Sarkar S;Sunil Kumar (Civil Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: s_kumar@neeri.res.in) : Laboratory study on metal attenuation capacity of fine grained soil near ash pond site. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 50(4), 303-6.

Waste settling tanks of earthen containment nature are common in India for disposal of solid waste in slurry form. For a large pond system, e.g. ash slurry disposal tank of coal base thermal power plant, leachate generation and its migration pose a serious problem. A natural attenuation of controlling the migratory leachate is to use locally available clay material as lining system due to the adsorption properties of soil for reducing some metallic ions. The investigation was carried out to explore the Ni²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ removal capacity of surrounding soil of the ash pond site of Super Thermal Power Plant in West Bengal, India through some laboratory scale and field studies. The soil and water samples collected from the site showed the existence of Ni²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ in excess to permissible limit. A two-dimensional adsorption behaviour of these pollutants through soil was assessed. The results showed that more than 80% of nickel and 72% of chromium were found to be sorbed by the soil corresponding to initial concentrations of two ions,i.e. 1.366mg/L and 0.76 mg/L respectively. The batch adsorption data are tested Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and found reasonably fit. Breakthrough adsorption study uptake also showed a good adsorption capacity of the soil. The experimental results found to fit well with the existing two dimensional (2D) mathematical models as proposed by Fetter (1999)¹.

9 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

011912   Geetha Karthi A;Divaakar G (NO, , 4/26 East Main Road, Vallarar Nagar, Sainathapuram, Vellore-632 001, Email: geethakarthi@yahoo.com) : Spatial and seasonal variation of surface water qulaity in Pillavakkal irrigation system. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 77-82.

Water supply to the Public is a survey of general interest that must warrant the quantity and quality needed for the sustainable development of the territory. The surface water quality monitoring in a catchment is one of the most important tools for water management. The western zone of Virudhunagar district in South Tamilnadu depends upon the surface water from Pillavakkal irrigation system, comprising a number of interconnected surface tanks. The increase in agricultural products and industrial zones in this terrain results in an essential reinvestigation of the surface water quality and soil parameter. Further, reports few observed water and soil parameters for the first time, which provides viable information for consistent analysis. The analyzed parameters are pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and pH of soil. The variation of these parameters in the selected locations of Pillavakkal irrigation system has been discussed with respect to spatial and seasonal variations. The influencing factors of water quality such as effluents from small-scale industries and the strength of domestic sewage and also the rainfall are not constant throughout the Pillavakkal irrigation system under consideration.

11 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

011911   Elizabeth K M;Vardhini K V;Rao J (Microbiology Dep, GITAM Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Managem, Visakhapatnam-530 045, Email: kmelizabeth@yahoo.com) : Bioremediation of ammonia, nickel and hexavalent chromium from synthetic solutions by non-pathogenic microorganisms. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 285-6.

Bioremediation of Ammonia, Nickel and Chromium from synthetic solutions was assessed by non pathogenic microbial viable cell and biosorption techniques. The concentration of each pollutant was 100 mg/L. The sorbent concentration used in biosorption technique was 20 mg/L. The effect of pH on bioremediation was also determined. There was a maximum of 90% removal of ammonia by viable Bacillus Species -1 and Bacillus Species - 2 at pH 2 and 6 respectively. Viable Micrococcus species could remove 51% of Nickel at pH2 & 8. Viable Bacillus Species could remove 65.3% of hexavalent chromium. Bacillus Species could remove a range of 55.1% - 89.6% of ammonia by biosorption technique at different pH. Nitrosomonas species could remove a maximum of 93.1% of ammonia by biosorption technique.

^ssc 2 tables, 5 ref

011910   Ehinola O A;Oladunjoye M A;Okwuogoli U G (Geology Dep, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Email: ehinola01@yahoo.com) : Application of GIS and multicriteria analysis for delineating polluted underground water in parts of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 1-6.

Oil spillages and leakages through pipeline and flow line are causing problems to some communities in Nigeria. Eforts were been made to delineate and to evaluate methods for soil and aquifer remediation of polluted areas. The study focused on the use of Geographic Information System (GIS), hydro-chemical and geophysical techniques to delineate polluted zones in parts of Lagos aquifers and to suggest possible remedial measures. Base and 3D maps of pH, TDS, BOD, COD, NO₃ and Oil in Water were produced from the hydrochemical results. These maps show that samples collected from Baruwa and Fatade areas have been polluted and are not fit for consumption or domestic usage. Samples from the control hand-dug wells (Ipaja, Asipa and Agege) are portable. The results of the sounding data show five layers of which three are aquiferous units. These include topsoil (aquitard), saturated clay (aquiclude), sandy clay (1st aquifer), conglomeratic sand (2nd aquifer) and sand (3rd aquifer) with average resistivity of 64, 32, 167, 1299 and 278 Um respectively. The relatively high resistivity of the 3rd aquifer at depth of less than 30 m further confirm the hydrocarbon pollution of wells within Baruwa and Fatade areas, while low resistivity values were observed from the first and second aquifers of the control wells. The outcome of this investigation could be used for groundwater exploration in the area as well as being applied to the broader domain of land-use management in other parts of Nigeria.

7 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

011909   Ehinola O A;Falusi O D (Geology Dep, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Email: oa.ehinola@mail.ui.edu.ng) : Application of GIS for management and remediation of polluted water in parts of Lagos Creeks, Southwestern Nigeria. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 13-25.

Due to the serious environmental destruction caused by exploitation of petroleum resources, Imore and Ilado-odo oil-spill polluted sites in Lagos Creeks were selected for the study. The study is aimed at delineating the extent of pollution due to leakage and vandalization of petroleum products pipeline, ascertaining the possible health hazards and suggesting possible remedial measures. Twenty-five water samples were randomly collected from creeks, hand-dug wells and boreholes of the monitoring and control sites. Field parameters such as geographical co-ordinates, elevation, water level, colour, odour, taste and pH were determined. The hydrochemical parameters determined include anions (Cl^-, SO₄^-2 and HCO3^-) by titration, cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, total Fe and Mn) as well as some trace elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry technique. The field and laboratory data were processed using Geographic Information System technology to produce geochemical maps. Petroleum hydrocarbons extracted from six water samples were also analysed using Gas Chromatography techniques. Several hotªspots areas of elevated concentrations were identified from the geochemical maps, mainly in the oil spill areas and some of these concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible levels of the WHO Standard and Nigerian Industrial Standard. The petroleum hydrocarbon composition reveal inputs of petroleum products especially gas oil. The inorganic pollutants indicate natural and anthropogenic contribution while the organic pollutants are linked to oil spillage in the study area. Thus, drastic remedial measures should be taken to discontinue the spread of these pollutants and to ameliorate the present detrimental impacts posed to human health and the environment.

4 illus, 6 tables, 31 ref

011908   Edokpayi C A;Aneke J N (Marine Sciences Dep, Lagos Univ, Lagos, Nigeria, Email: cedokpayi@unilag.edu.ng) : Physico-chemical and macrobenthic invertebrate characteristics of a perturbed pond in Ekpoma, edo state, Nigeria. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 213-18.

The physico-chemistry and the macrobenthic invertebrates of a perturbed man made pond in Ekpoma was studied between July - September, 1997. Samples were collected once weekly between the hours of 0900 and 1200 for three months. Two stations were sampled. Station 1 is the easily accessible section of the pond with high human activity while station 2 is an undisturbed not easily accessible section of the pond. Only four (conductivity, sodium, chromium and lead) of the 27 physico-chemical parameters of the surfaced water studied were statistically different between the study sites. The various human activities at station 1 compared to station 2 could have been responsible for the statistically higher values of these four parameters at station 1 than station 2. A total of 3,432 individuals belonging to 67 taxa were collected. 1,944 individuals (56.6%) and 39 taxa (58.2%) occurred in station 1 while 1488 individuals (43.4%) and 57 taxa (85.1%) occurred in station 2. Although the overall fauna abundance was however not significantly different at the study sites, the taxa richness was higher at station 2 than station 1. Conchostraca was the dominant group at the study pond while Hemiptera and Ephemeroptera were sub-dominant and the other taxa were rare. Generally, the occurrence of few species in elevated number is a reflection of a physically controlled system.

4 tables, 31 ref

011907   Ebenso I E;Ologhobo A D (Animal Science Dep, Uyo Univ, Nigeria) : Edible land snail shell thickness as bioindicator of environmental lead metal pollution. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 293-4.

Investigated the effects of elevated lead metal pollution at abandoned battery factory sites on shell thickness of Achatina achatina as sentinels in plastic snaileries for 12 weeks. There was a gradual decrease in shell thickness across treatment groups, a trend towards increasing Pb pollution at sites with control < storage dump < effluent < waste dump. A. achatina is an excellent bioindicator of Pb pollution in terrestrial environments.

1 table, 12 ref

011906   Dhasarathan P;Jeevitha M V;George L; Padmalatha C (Biotechnology Dep, Sri Kaliswari College, Sivakasi-626 130) : Immunomodulation of carbosulfan following subchronic expossure in swiss albino mice. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 295-8.

Immunomodulation of sub chronic doses of carbosulfan exposure on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were studied in swiss albino mice using SRBC, BSA and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as antigens. Humoral immune responses were assessed by estimating antibody litre against antigen and spleenic plaque forming cells (PFC) assay. CMI responses were studied by using T lymphocyte erythrocyte assay and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response of humoral and cell mediated immune response in a dose dependent pattern. Hence, suppression of immune response by carbosulfan even at sub chronic doses it is clearly an important aspect for its safety evaluation.

2 tables, 12 ref

011905   Dhariwal A;Sharma A (Civil Engineering Dep, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342 011) : Noise pollution in the city of Jodhpur. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(8), 683-9.

Study was carried out to assess the vehicular traffic noise levels at CHB (Chopasani Housing Board) residential scheme of the Jodhpur city. To assess the vehicular noise levels of the various places of scheme the Quest - 1900 instrument has been used for day and night time observations. At 30 places of scheme area, 60 sets of observations were taken. The graphical representation of Leq (equivalent noise level) has been prepared for all locations to assess the noise level. The results reveled the equivalent noise levels (Leq) in commercial area during day and night time was 75.2 dB(A) and 63.1 dB(A), respectively. In residential area equivalent noise levels (Leq) during day time was found to be 72.7 dB(A), and at night time 53.1 dB(A). Even in silence zone equivalent noise level was found to be 73.8 dB(A) during day time and 54.4 dB(A) during night time. It was observed that the noise levels in all the zones were above the CPCB standards. To bring down the noise levels some control measures are also suggested.

2 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref

011904   Deolalikar R (Occupational Health, Narora Atomic Power Station Hospital, Type C, 11/2, N.A.P.S. Colony, N.A.P.P. Narora, Bulandshahr, Narora-202 389, Email: rdeolalikar@npcil.co.in) : Safety in cuclear power plants in India. Indian J occup envir Med 2008, 12(3), 122-7.

Safety in nuclear power plants (NPPs) in India is a very important topic and it is necessary to dissipate correct information to all the readers and the public at large. In this article, I have briefly described how the safety in our NPPs is maintained. Safety is accorded overriding priority in all the activities. NPPs in India are not only safe but are also well regulated, have proper radiological protection of workers and the public, regular surveillance, dosimetry, approved standard operating and maintenance procedures, a well-defined waste management methodology, proper well documented and periodically rehearsed emergency preparedness and disaster management plans. The NPPs have occupational health policies covering periodic medical examinations, dosimetry and bioassay and are backed-up by fully equipped Personnel Decontamination Centers manned by doctors qualified in Occupational and Industrial Health. All the operating plants are ISO 14001 and IS 18001 certified plants. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited today has 17 operating plants and five plants under construction, and our scientists and engineers are fully geared to take up many more in order to meet the national requirements.

2 illus, 16 ref

011903   Deniel R;Hima Bindu V;Prabhakara Rao A V S; Anjaneyulu Y (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Technology Univ, Hyderabad-500 072) : Removal of arsenic from wastewaters using electrocoagulation. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 50(4), 283-8.

The performance of electrocoagulation method with aluminium, iron and hybrid Al/Fe sacrificial anodes in the treatment of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] in pharmaceutical industrial effluents was investigated. Several working parameters, such as pH, current density, contact time and metal ion concentration, were studied in attempt to achieve optimum removal efficiency. The results obtained with synthetic samples revealed that the most effective removal of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] can be achieved when the pH increased, whereas when there was increase in current density from 0.0082 to 0.0816 mA cm^-1 the treatment rate was improved. The removal efficiency was quite high using iron sacrificial electrodes compared to aluminium and hybrid Al/Fe electrodes. By using this treatment method, a pharmaceutical industrial wastewater containing 28 ppm of As was removed to a level of 0.005 ppm within 15 min. This method was found efficient, relatively fast and clean compared to other conventional methods, such as chemical coagulation.

5 illus, 21 ref

011902   Deepa A K;Usha P T A;Gopakumar N (Pharmacology Toxicology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala) : Assessment of DDT residues in cattle of Eloor industrial area. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 315-16.

A study was conducted in Eloor Industrial area of Ernakulam district of Kerala to assess the level of environmental pollution by pesticide manufacturing factories in this region. Samples like blood, urine, dung and milk were collected from cattle belonging to this area and were analysed for DDT residues using the Gas Liquid Chromatography. Biochemical and haematological parameters were also analysed. All the samples were compared with samples collected from University livestock farm, Mannuthy where there was no chance of Industrial pollution. Samples from Eloor Industrial area contain DDT levels (ppm) of 0.6322 ± 0.3741 (serum), 0.0342 ± 0.0002 (urine), 0.1365 ± 0.0055 (milk) and 0.3015 ± 0.0476 (dung). Corresponding DDT values from University Livestock farm, Mannuthy were 0.2518 ± 0.0650 (serum), 0.0133 ± 0.0005 (urine), 0.0257 ± 0.0034 (dung) and DDT could not be detected in any samples of milk from University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy. Haematological values, total protein and albumin remained within the normal range but serum enzymes ALT and AST showed significant difference between Mannuthy and Eloor Industrial Area.

2 tables, 9 ref

011901   Chellababu S;Sivarajan M;Swaminathan G; Ramabrahman B V (Foster Wheeler India Private Limited, , Anna Salai, Little Mount, Chennai-600 015, Email: msivarajan@gmail.com) : Biosorption kinetics of basic dye (bismark brown) in aqueous solutions by chitosan. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 223-9.

Chitosan a natural material which has been used for fat absorption is employed in the study for exploiting its biosorption capacity in decolorization of chromophores of basic dye (Bismark Brown). The influence of process variables such as initial concentration of dye, pH, temperature, agitation and adsorbent dosage on biosorption have been investigated in detail. The decolorization efficiency of Chitosan was found to be substantial. The data were analyzed using a first order Lagergren kinetics and the biosorption data found to fit Langmuir isotherm. The results indicate that Chitosan can be used for the effective decolorization of effluents containing Bismark Brown.

8 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

011900   Chauhan A;Fazlurrahman;Oakeshott J G;Jain R K (NO, Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh) : Bacterial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: strategies for bioremediation. Indian J Microbiol 2008, 48(1), 95-113.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds of intense public concern due to their persistence in the environment and potentially deleterious effects on human, environmental and ecological health. The clean up of such contaminants using invasive technologies has proven to be expensive and more importantly often damaging to the natural resource properties of the soil, sediment or aquifer. Bioremediation, which exploits the metabolic potential of microbes for the clean-up of recalcitrant xenobiotic compounds, has come up as a promising alternative. Several approaches such as improvement in PAH solubilization and entry into the cell, pathway and enzyme engineering and control of enzyme expression etc. are in development but far from complete. Successful application of the microorganisms for the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites therefore requires a deeper understanding of the physiology, biochemistry and molecular genetics of potential catabolic pathways. Briefly summarize important strategies adopted for PAH bioremediation and discuss the potential for their improvement.

5 illus, 149 ref

011899   Chaturvedi M K;Shukla N P (All India Council of Technical Education, New Delhi. Emeritus Fellow,, C.S.J.M. Univ, Kanpur) : Bacterial enumeration of ground water from bore wells and hand pumps in Kanpur district. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 349-52.

Total heterotropic plate count (HPC), fecal coliform (FC), Escherichia coli (EC), Salmonella and Shigella were estimated in water samples collected from 21 bore wells and 15 hand pumps in and around Kanpur district, during early and post monsoon which revealed the unsanitary condition of water sources. Maximum HPC, FC, EC were 585 CFU/ ml, 48 CFU/ ml, 8 CFU/ ml CFU/100 ml of bore well water respectively and 725 CFU/ ml, 132 CFU/ ml, 18 CFU/100 ml of hand pump water respectively. Water samples from bore wells were free from Salmonella and Shigella contamination while Salmonella was detected in a few hand pump water samples. The ability of the bacterial isolates to degrade casine, lipids, starch, urea and nitrate indicated severe ground water pollution.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

011898   Chandrasekhar S V A;Hakeel M (NO, Freshwater Station, Zoolgical Survey of India, 1-1-300/B, Ashoknagar, Hyderabad-500 020) : Pocharam lake (Andhra Pradesh) waters for irrigation. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 189-91.

Assess the suitability of water quality for irrigation purposes at Pocharam lake which is forming a major wetland spread in between Medak and Nizamabad districts of Andhra Pradesh, the authors have studied the relevant parameters of the lake, required for irrigational purpose. The positive results obtained have been discussed in the light of its suitability.

1 table, 8 ref

011897   Chandrasekhar S V A;Hakeel M (NO, Freshwater Biological Station, Zoological Survey of India, 1-1-300/B, Ashoknagar, Hyderabad-500 020) : Recreational value of Safilguda lake waters in Hyderabad. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 185-7.

During the course of a random survey on Safilguda lake in Hyderabad, a study was undertaken on 24th July, 2004 to assess the water quality of Safilguda lake for health risks. Reports the results of the survey and analysis of physico-chemical as well as bacteriological data of Safilguda lake basin.

1 table, 3 ref

011896   Bojarajan A;Armugam M;Subramanian V V; Sivasubramanian V (NO, R.K. Vivekananda College, Chennai-600 004, Email: vsivasubramanian.gmail.com) : Heavy metal tolerance of the micro algae, Scenedesmus acuminatus and Ankistrodesmus convolutus - a laboratory study. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 97-102.

Planktonic green algae Scenedesmus acuminatus and Ankistrodesmus convolutus collected from Okiyum lake, were made unialgal culture and employed for the study. LC₅₀ values for cadmium, copper and zinc were determined. Influence of these metals at their LC₅₀ level on photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis was studied with cadmium and zinc the S. acuminatus showed a significant enhancement of _Chia and _Chib level while the cells grown in copper did not show any change in both the pigments. On the other hand, A. convolutus grown with all these three metals showed an increase in both _{Chia and Chib level. On the contrary, these heavy metals inhibited the rate of photosynthesis. Chia/Chib ratio showed a significant decrease in all the three heavy metals and nitrate reductase (NR) activity was also significantly reduced.}

4 illus, 4 tables, 44 ref

011895   Bhagia L J;Sadhu H G (Occupational Health, , Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad-380 016, Email: ljbhagia@rediffmail.com) : Cost-benefit analysis of installing dust control devices in the agate industry, Khambhat (Gujarat). Indian J occup envir Med 2008, 12(3), 128-31.

It is well known that an exposure to crystalline silica gives rise to silicosis and silico-tuberculosis (TB). In the agate industry of Khambhat (Gujarat) not only workers but also people staying in the vicinity of the agate-grinding facilities are exposed to crystalline silica. To reduce their dust exposure, dust control devices were developed. There are approximately 500 grinding machines located in Khambhat. A cost-benefit analysis of installing dust control devices on all agate-grinding machines was carried out by adding all positive factors and benefits and subtracting the negatives and costs. It was concluded that by installing dust control devices not only could the prevalence of silicosis and TB be reduced but also, in the long run, there could be financial benefits.

2 tables, 8 ref

011894   Balasubramani A;Pandian T J (NO, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Email: absmani@yahoo.com) : Endosulfan suppresses growth and reproduction in zebrafish. Curr Sci 2008, 94(7), 883-90.

Studies the effects of endosulfan, a mild estrogen-mimic, on survival, growth and reproduction of the model zebrafish Danio rerio, the hatchlings were discretely immersed at selected doses (44-1400 ng/l) for 14 h. Immersion at the dose of 350 ng/l resulted in 12 and 27% mortality at the end of the treatment and at the age of sexual maturity respectively, as well as in the production of 72% females. The frequency of `juveniles' increased from 17% at 44 ng/l to 44% at 1400 ng/l. Endosulfan acted as a growth suppressant and the magnitude of its suppression increased in the order of female > male > juveniles. During the 240-day experiment, it also postponed sexual maturity in females from the 120th dph (day post-hatching) in the control to the 181st dph in those treated at 1400 ng/l, reduced the spawning frequency (16-3 times) and cumulative fecundity (1424-159 eggs) by affecting the processes of maturation of eggs and vitellogenesis. In the treated but persisting males, it postponed sexual maturity (120-129th dph) and reduced fertilizability (91-13%) by reducing the motility duration of the sperm.

1 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

011893   Bagde U S;Upadhye H A;Fulzele D P (Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences Dep, Mumbai Univ, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai-400 098) : Mechanism of chromium toxicity in pathogenic sewage bacteria. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 287-92.

Toxic effects of chromium 011 pure culture of Salmonella paratyphi-B and Shigella flexneri isolated from sewage effluent were studied. When Chromium concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm were treated with S. paratyphi-B, the growth recorded was 92% and 66% respectively, as compared to 100% in the control. Similar concentrations of chromium when treated with Sh. flexneri, showed 93% and 51% growth respectively. Chromium concentration of 20 ppm was determined as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) which inhibited the growth, synthesis of protein, DNA, RNA and arrested the activity of glutamic, succinic, a-ketoglutaric and isocitric dehydrogenases of the TCA cycle in case of both the organisms. In S. paratyphi-B, 65% and 5% chromium got incorporated in cell membrane and cell wall respectively. While 55% and 9% chromium got localised in cell membrane and cell wall respectively of Sh. flexneri. As the activity of dehydrogenases was inhibited by chromium, cell was incapable of oxidising the substrate. It resulted in limiting supply of energy rich compounds like ATP that affected the synthesis of macromolecules and the growth and multiplication of the organism ceased.

4 illus, 3 tables, 46 ref

011892   Azeemunnisa S;Seshabala P;Chandra Sekhar Reddy P (NO, , 22-6-1019/2, Hussaini Manzil, Irani Lane, Hyderabad-500 002, Email: syeda_azeem@rediff.com) : Synergistic use of transgenic plant to remediate the soil. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 269-72.

The goal of this study was to assess the phytoremediation potential of transgenic Indian mustard plants (Pusa jai kisan). The increase in metal accumulation as the result of these genetic engineering approaches is typically two-to threefold more metal per plant, which potentially enhances phytoremediation efficiency by the same factor. The significance of this finding is that it is the first to demonstrate an enhanced capability of transgenic plants to phytoextract environmental soil containing a mixture of metals. Plant species have been recently used for heavy metal accumulation and most of the studies have been done on hyperaccumulator tolerant species. This study is a part of a series of studies that attempt to evaluate the phytoextraction potential of transgenic species of Brassica juncea which are commonly found with high biomass that are harmless, non-edible in nature. We have investigated transgenic accumulator plant Brassica juncea (pusa jai kisan), in a pot study to assess Chromium uptake in the range of 5 to 200 mg kg/L soil. The results indicated that transgenic species showed much greater tolerance to metals and was more effective at translocating chromium from soil to plant shoot.

1 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

011891   Azeemunnisa Begum M;Ali Siddiqui A;Ahmed M R (Zoology Dep, Abeda Inamdar College, Pune) : Seasonal variation in temperature and dissolved oxygen level in Katraj lake Pune, Maharashtra. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 305-8.

It was an attempt in the present work to study the fluctuations in the temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in the Katraj lake located at Pune, Maharashtra. The mean ± standard deviation of temperature recorded were 27.1±3.50, 26.8±3.00, 27.6±3.22 at station I, II, III respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of dissolved oxygen recorded were 7.73±3.93, 8.23±1.81, 7.68±1.42 at station I, II, III respectively. The values of temperature and dissolved oxygen level were well with in the permissible limits.

5 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

011890   Asrari E;Maddi M;Masoudi M (Civil Engineering Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Branch of Estahban, Iran) : Assessment of water quality (a case study:kor river-west southern of Iran). Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 353-4.

Water is only naturally pure accruing inorganic fluid in the universe but most of the surface water sources are no more inorganic, since the generated wastewaters polluting the freshwater sources and rendering them unfit for various purpose. The water must be treatable by conventional processes to yield a portable water meeting the drinking water standards. With this view, an attempt was made to assess the quality of water.Water samples from different locations were collected to check the suitability of water for human use. The parameters like BOD, COD, pH, EC, Temperature and coliforms were analyzed.

5 ref

011889   Asha B;Nehru Kumar V (Civil Engineering Dep, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Bio kinetic evaluation of diphasic anaerobic digester by using distillery wastewater. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 73-6.

Diphasic anaerobic digester model having an effective volume of 16 litres (in two reactors V/N in the ratio of 1:5) was studied for treating distillery waste streams. The experiment was conducted for different COD loadings (8360, 10000, 14240, 20280, 40040 mg/L) and different flow rates (0.864, 1.296,1.728,2.16 and 2.592 L/day). The COD reduction efficiency was observed to be 66.67 to 83.23%. The kinetic model prescribed by Moletta et al. (1986) was used to estimate the kinetic parameters using the experimental results.

5 illus, 7 ref

011888   Apaydin O;Gonullu M T (Environmental Engineering Dep, Yildiz Technical Univ, 34349, Yildiz, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: apaydin@yildiz.edu.tr) : Emission control with route optimization in solid waste collection process. Sadhana 2008, 33(2), 71-82.

Solid waste collection processes are usually carried out by using trucks with diesel engine. In solid waste collection process, the trucks emit to environment different emissions from its exhausts. For this reason, in solid waste collection process, it is necessary that route optimization should be performed in order to decrease the emissions. This study was performed in Trabzon City with 39 districts, a shortest path model was used in order to optimize solid waste collection/hauling processes to minimize emission. Unless it performs route optimization in solid waste collection/hauling process, emissions increase due to empty miles negativeness. A software was used as an optimization tool. The software provided Geographical Information System (GIS) elements such as numerical pathways, demographic distribution data, container distribution data and solid waste production data. In addition, thematic container layer was having 777 points for the entire city. By using the software, the optimized route was compared with the present route. If the optimized route in solid waste collection system is used, route distance and route time will be decreased by 24-6 % and 44.3% as mean of nine routes, respectively. By performing the stationary container collection process and route optimization, it is determined that CO₂, NOx, HC, CO, PM emissions will be reduced 831.4, 12.8, 1.2, 0.4, 0.7 g per route, respectively.

11 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

011887   Ansari F A;Singh D P;Khan A H;Kisku G C; Ashquin M;Ahmad I;Yunus M;Rahman Q (Environment Monitoring Sect, IRTC, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow-226 001, Email: ftdesct@yahoo.com) : Physico chemical characteristics of spent-wash of distillery industry. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 125-8.

Disposal of a large quantity of distillery effluent may pose an environmental problem. The study was performed in a molasses based distillery and generated waste termed "Spent-wash". The study represented the characteristics of distillery effluent. Untreated spent-wash influent consisted of temperature (70 - 100°C), pH (4.1), total dissolved solids (77,270 mg/L), total suspended solids (21,730 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (70,400 mg/L, biological oxygen demand (22,280 mg/L), oil and grease (50 mg/L) respectively higher than the permissible limit as per the standards. Treated effluent revealed temperature (40°C), pH (8), total dissolved solids (700 mg/L), total suspended solids (28 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (230 mg/L), biological oxygen demand (28 mg/L), oil and grease (9 mg/L), respectively under the permissible limits as per the standards.

1 table, 14 ref

011886   Al Shwafi N A A (Earth and Environmental Science Dep, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Yemen) : Concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment coastal of Aden city - Yemen. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 37-40.

Because of potential health hazards, there is great concern about setting up a baseline level for residual petroleum hydrocarbons concentration were determined by using Shimadzu DR-8100 spectroflourometer from nine selected sampling sites along Aden shoreline during April, 2001. The concentrations of residual petroleum hydrocarbons were found in comparable concentrations for unpolluted marine environments were generally lay within the normal range of values reported for other regions the world. The variation within the site were mainly attributed to the human activity, oil tanker, blowout, oil pipelines, storage tanks, vessels deballasting in the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea. The significant relationships found between residual petroleum hydrocarbons and organic carbon contents in sediments indicated that oil contamination was one of the possible sources for increasing the concentrations of organic materials in sediments (Mohammed, 2000).

2 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

010900   Weginwar N;Takarkhede A G;Kamble R K (NO, , NISCAIR, MAPA Section, 14, Satsang Marg, Special Institutional Area, New Delhi-110 067) : Groundwater fluoride in Chandrapur city in Maharashtra. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 648-53.

Increased incidences of fluoride concentration in groundwater and its impact on human health, has initiated to determine groundwater fluoride concentration in Chandrapur city of Maharashtra State. Groundwater sampling was carried out at 16 locations from dug wells and bore wells. Groundwater fluoride concentration was determined by reverse colori metric method. Results revealed the groundwater fluoride concentrations in all the 16 groundwater samples analyzed in the month of October is below the parmissible limits of APHA and BIS standards ( minimum acceptable concentration 0.7 mg/L ) while, one groundwater sample out of 16 analyzed ( 6.25 % ) in the month of December is within permissible limits. Fluoridation is recommended to maintain fluoride concentration within permissible limits of statutory norms, so as to prevent adverse effects on human being.

1 illus, 6 tables, 2 ref

010899   Viswanathan N;Meenakshi S (Chemistry Dep, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram-624 302) : Impact of dyeing effluents on ground water quality and its suitability for irrigation. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 617-24.

The waste from various dyeing units of Chinnalapatty village in Tamilnadu, South India is studied for its characterization. These effluents from the dyeing units were found to contain a high degree of pollutants. The wastewater 5s highly coloured and viscous due to dyestuff and suspended solids. It has a vary high impact on the nearby ground water samples. All the water samples have been severely polluted. In most of the water samples, the fevals of various water quality parameters are higher than that are present in the effluent itsalf. As these effluents are used for irrigation purpose, its suitability for irrigation has also been tested. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated for all the effluent and water samples in order to access the composite influence of all the quality parameters on the overall quality. The inter relationship among the water quality parameters and the effluence of all these parameters on the extent of pollution was measured quantitatively using correlation analysis.

2 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

010898   Vijayan A A;Srisudha S;Kalpana N (Botany Dep, Lady Doak College, Madurai-625 002) : Bioremoval of chromium from tannery effluent using seaweeds as biosorbents. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 213-19.

The investigation enlightens the potential of using seaweeds as biosorbents for the removal of Cr from tannery effluent by adsorption technique. The main objectives were to standardize the required biomass of seaweed biosorbents and to analyse the influence of biomass concentration, pH and contact time on removal of Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Biomass of Gracilaria edulis showed efficient biosorption at biomass concentration of 8g/1 and efficiently removed Cr upto 65%. Sargassum wightii efficiently removed Cr upto 90 % at pH 2. The adsorption of metal ions reached equilibrium in 30-60 minutes of contact time. Gracilaria edulis removed Cr efficiently at contact time of 30 minutes upto 83 %. The Cr uptake capacity of the biosorbents was evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. These isotherms fit the experimental data in studies with biomass, pH and contact time. The Langmuir model constants Qmax and b were calculated and the values obtained for biosorbents ranged from Qmax = 0.7 to 1.05 and b = 0.16 to 1.24. Freundlich model constants, K and n were calculated and the values obtained for various biosorbents were K = 0.02 to 1.07 and n = 0.01 to 0.25.

5 tables, 9 ref

010897   Verma O P;Singh N;Chaudhary O;Gupta A K (NO, Allahabad Agricultural Institute (Deemed University), College of Biote, Allahabad-211 007) : Comparative study of organic pollution level from diferent water bodies in Allahabad city. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 827-9.

Investigation was carried out to evaluate organic pollution level from different water samples in vicinity of Allahabad city. A total of 16 water samples were collected from different sources. The sources were Ganga (4), Yamuna (4), wastewater (4) and tubewell from different places. All the collected samples were subjected to the quality parameters that were pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and chlorine following standard methods of BIS. Dissolved oxygen value ranged between 4.05 to 9.3 mg/L. Biological oxygen demand ranged between 1.85 to 3.8 mg/L. Chemical oxygen demand value ranged between 3.2 to 95.3 mg/L and chlorine value ranged between 1.35 to 76.82 mg/L. The pH of the samples ranged between 6.5 to 8.5.

1 table, 9 ref

010896   Usharani P;Ezhili N;Sivakumar A A; Thirumathal K (NO, Centra for Environmental Education, Coimbatore-641 029) : Impact of acid pollution on the haemolymph cholesterol levels of a freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromous (Herbst). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 233-8.

Both plasma and serum cholesterol levels were found to decrease insignificantly in Paratelphusa hydrodromous when they were exposed to sub-acute toxicity of formic and sulphuric acids. The formic acid was found to have more pronounced effect on the blood cholesterol levels. The decrease in blood cholesterol levels of crab under toxic stress in the present study may be probably due to cholesterol being converted into free fatty acids or reduced absorption of dietary cholesterol or inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis.

2 tables, 17 ref

010895   Swami A;Joshi P C (Applied Science and Humanities Dep, Droncharya College of Engineering, Greater Noida-201 306) : Impact of automobile exhaust on few plant species at motichoor forest area, Haridwar. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 229-32.

Impact of automobile emission on Murraya koengii, Ardesia solanacea, Clerodendron viscosum, and Milletia auriculata, was studied. Parameters viz., chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, pH, relative moisture content and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) for these plant species were determined. Significant reductions in all these parameters were found in comparison to control. High air pollution tolerance (APTI) value indicates that these plants have higher power to combat against air pollution.

2 tables, 13 ref

010894   Suthar M B;Mesariya A R;Ravat N M (Biology Dep, K.K. Shah Jarodwala Maninagar Science College, Maninagar, Ahmedabad-380 008) : Analysis of water quality from Ahmedabad city (Gujarat) using chemical parameters. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 171-6.

Water is the most essential commodity for all living creatures in the universe. Underground and surface water are important for irrigation, industries and drinking purpose. The study was carried out in the Ahmedabad city during the year 2006. The water samples were collected and assessed by examining chemical characteristics by standard methods. All the water samples were colourless, odorless and devoid of any unpleasant taste. Compared to ICMR, WHO and BIS drinking water standards, the total hardness in most of the samples were either above desirable limits or maximum permissible limit. The calcium hardness was above the desirable limit in most of the samples. The magnesium hardness was more than maximum allowable limits. Most of the samples were showing chlorinity exceeding desirable limits. Salinity has also showed similar trend. The pH indicated alkaline nature of water but ranges within desirable limits. However, there is need of continuous monitoring for the water quality.

2 tables, 30 ref

010893   Sundaram L;Prakasam V R (Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom-695 531) : Distribution of iron in water of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 833-4.

Randomly selected 273 water samples from 85 dug wells, 45 bore walls, 65 ponds, 68 taps and 10 streams distributed in 84 panchayats of Thiruvananthapuram district showed iron concentrations ranring from 0.01 to 4.70 mg/L. The mean concentrations of iron ware 0.35 mg/L, 0.37 mg/L, 0.21 mg/L, 0.09 mg/L and 0,11 mg/L for dug well, bore well, pond, tap and stream, respectively. In the public distribution pipelines of the district, the concentration of iron was always below 10 mg/L (permissible limit for drinking water). However, in 17 panchayats concentrations of Fe below 1.0 mg/L were also recorded.

1 table, 4 ref

010892   Sundar I;Mohanraj R (Economics Dep, Directorate of Distance Education, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Land and water quality assessment in Barhur sipcot industrial region. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 153-60.

The environmental parameters likely to be affected by industrial activities are related to many factors, i.e., physical social, economic, agriculture and aesthetic. Opencast mining involves extraction of underneath minerals, it's dumping and dumping of waste along with other operations, viz. traffic network, and other vehicular movements. All the operations can disturb environment of the area in various ways, such as removal of mass, change of landscape, displacement of human settlement, flora and fauna of the area, surface drainage, change in air, water and soil quality. While for the purpose of development and economic upliftment of people, there is a need for establishment of industrial project, but these have to be environmentally friendly. Therefore it is essential to assess the impacts of industrial activities. On different environmental parameters. This paper deals with land quality assessment and water quality assessment in SlPCOT region. The soil and water test shows significant variations between SIPCOT industrial region and non industrial region. This paper concludes with some policy measures to protect the water and land from the industrial pollution.

7 tables, 17 ref

010891   Sudarsana Raju G;Rama Krishna Reddy M;Raghu Babu K (Geoinformatics Dep, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa-516 003) : Development of water resources and management in Rajampet taluk, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 782-98.

In spite of temporal and spatial variations in availability of water resources, adequate quality and quantity of various requirements for domestic, irrigation and. industrial use is the most important constraint in the development of the study area. Integrated geological, hydrological (surface and subsurface) and geochemical aspects have been studied for the development and management of water resources in drought prone Rajampet taluk. The study area is mainly composed of quartzites shales and limestones. There are 51 spring channels with a registered ayacut of 2256 ha a total of 35 tanks with a registered ayacut of about 3208 ha and land submerged under these tanks is about 1447 ha. From the chemical analysis the quality of groundwater in the study area is within the permissible limits for irrigation and domestic purposes. 54 vertical electrical soundings were carried out at different locations in the study area to know the water potential. Groundwater balance has been calculated on the basis of the norms recommended by Groundwater Estimation Committee for the better management and exploitation of groundwater resources.

5 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

010890   Singha D K;Navneet Kumar;Rastogi G K (Chemistry Dep, K.G.K. (P.G.) College, Moradabad-244 001) : Quantitative assessment of heavy metals in Gagan river water at Moradabad. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 804-8.

Thirteen different sites of Gagan river water in and around Moradabad were selected for estimation of heavy metals. Water samples were collected and preserved following standard methodology. Ten different metals, namely chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, cobalt, iron, zinc, cadmium and silver were estimated in river water samples by ICP- AES technique and the data was compared with water quality standards prescribed by WHO. River water was found to be excessively contaminated with iron, copper, lead, concentrations and moderately contaminated with nickel metal concentration. River water was deficient of zinc, micro-nutrient. Chromium and manganese metal concentrations were within prescribed limits. Silver and cadmium metals were found to be absent invariably at all the sites of study. Downstream sample-s, after the mixing up of effluents indicated a marked increase in heavy metals concentration. The study suggests that people exposed to river water are prone to health hazards of heavy metals in water and water quality management is urgently needed in the study area.

9 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref