010839   Chanu E K;ShantibalaDevi G A (Life Science Dep, manipur Univ, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003) : Physico-chemical characteristics in relation to pollution of water of iril river, Manipur (India). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 225-8.

The Iril river is one of the major rivers of Manipur. The physico-chemical characteristic of water analyzed to assess the suitability of drinking and other domestic purposes from four different selected sites. The sampling was done monthly. The concentration of the parameters like Total Dissolved Solids, Conductivity, Turbidity, Calcium, Chlorides, Dissolved Oxygen, Hardness, Total Alkalinity etc. were compared with the standard prescribed by WHO (1985) and found within the limits. The concentration of inorganic phosphorus concentration was found to be higher than the standard permissible limit (0.050 mg/l). Extensive used of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides for agricultural practices in the catchment areas of the Iril river, must be the reasons for high concentration of inorganic phosphorus.

1 table, 16 ref

010838   Bhargava D S;Shrihari S (Bhargava Lane, , Devpura, Haridwar-249 401) : BOD contribution by benthalsludge deposits-part II : effect of stream characteristics. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 599-616.

Organic matter that settles to the river bottoms is the benthalsludge deposits. Decomposition of benthalsludge deposits in streams affect the overlying waters by removal of the dissolved oxygen (DO) from the overlying waters as well as by the benthos and periphytons in the aerobic top layers of the overlying waters and by the immediate oxygen demand of the reduced substances emanating from the deeper anaerobic layers. Secondly, the benthalsludge deposits can also release organic substances and various nutrients into the overlying waters. The oxygen utilisation rate by the benthalsludge deposits may also depend on the stream characteristics as well as the sludge characteristics. In this second part of the paper, the variations of the total oxygen uptake rate in any one days duration and the rate of BOD contribution in respect of different stream characteristic parameters have been correlated and discussed. The flow rate of overlying waters influenced the BOD contribution rate significantly, both at the top and bottom most layers of overlying waters. The rate of BOD contribution manifested optimum values affected by h/d ratios, at the top layers of overlying waters. Predictive models involving all the sludge and stream characteristic parameters have been developed.

15 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

010837   Bhargava D S;Shrihari S (Bhargava Lane, , Devpura, Haridwar-249 401) : BOD contribution by benthalsludge deposits part-1 : effect of sludge characteristics. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 577-98.

Organic matter that settles to their river bottoms is the benthalsludge deposits. Decomposition of benthalsludge deposits in streams affect the overlying waters by removal of the dissolved oxygen (DO) from the overlying waters as well as by the benthos and periphytons in the aerobic top layers of the overlying waters and by the immediate oxygen demand of the reduced substances emanating from the deeper anaerobic layers. Secondly, the benthalsludge deposits can also release organic substances and various nutrients into the overlying waters. The oxygen utilisation rate by the benthalsludge deposits may also depend on the sludge characteristics as well as the stream characteristics. In this first part of the paper, the variations of the total oxygen uptake rate in any one days duration and the rate of BOD contribution by benthalsludge in respect of different sludge characteristic parameters have been correlated and discussed. At the top layers of overlying waters, the rate of BOD contribution manifested an optimum high value at benthalsludge depth of 0.1m, and an optimum low value of initial BOD of benthalsludge top layers of around 475 mg/L. The cumulative oxygen consumption till a particular day, was lower or almost same at greater depths of benthalsludges, and manifested a low value at K_d-b value of 0.035. However, the influence of S_b-o seemed to be less. The percent BOD contribution indicating the sludge age, manifested an optimum low at benthalsludge depths of 0.2m, both at the top and bottom most layers of overlying waters. The COC values at the interface showed similar trends as in the top layers of overlying waters. The rate of BOD contributions as well as percent contributions, at the interface showed an increasing trend with the K_d-b values. The rate of BOD contributions at the interface also increased with increasing S_b-o values, but the percent BOD contributions manifested an optimum low value.

15 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

010836   Bhagavathi Perumal S;Thamarai P (Civil Engineering Dep, National College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 151) : Groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and irrigation use after tsunami in the coastal belt of Kanyakumari coastal area, south Tamil Nadu. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 769-81.

Hydrochemistry of groundwater in coastal area of Kanyakumari to Colachel coastal belt after Tsunami, South Tamil Nadu was used to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater, such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Na⁺,K^{+,Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HC0-₃, CO-₃, SO-₄, NO-₃, F-, B-- and SiO₂ were determined. Concentrations of the chemical constituents in groundwater vary spatially and temporarily. Interpretation of analytical data shows that mixed Ca-Mg-CI, Ca-CI and Na-CI are the dominant hydrochemical faces in the study area. Alkali earths (Ca2+, Mg2+) and strong acids (Cl-, SO2₄) are slightly dominating over alkalis (Na+, K+) and weak acids (HC0-₃, CO₃2-). The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ = CI>HC0₃>S02₄> N0₃>CO2-₃. Groundwater in the area is generally very good, pleasant, fresh to brackish, average to very low saline and low alkaline in nature and fit both for agriculture and drinking purposes. Permissible average total hardness and TDS in all places of the study area identify the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. In some areas due to high total hardness and TDS identified in ground water such areas require special care to provide adequate drainage and introduce alternative salt tolerance cropping. Based on the TDS value, the ground water in these areas is of bicarbonate/calcium chloride/ sodium chloride type. Fluoride and boron are within the permissible limits for human consumption and crops as per the international standards. Nitrate concentration is slightly high in some areas. In the study area less ground water extraction keeps the water table high. The elevated topography, more rainfall and limited ground water extraction, keeps the Kanyakumari coastal belt. free from sea water intrusion. The surface water resources have been fully utilized. The surface flow is more during monsoon periods. Surface water and rain water are widely used for irrigations. Surface water irrigation constitutes nearly 94% of major source of irrigation. Of the total net area irrigated only 6% is under well irrigation and hence there is no over extraction of ground water in the area. Quality of water is generally good through out the district except some places in the study area, like Keelamanagudi, Thengampudur and Colachel and some pockets along the coastal belt. Comparing the results of water parameters before and after Tsunami there is not much change in the quality.}

5 illus, 11 tables, 19 ref

010835   Ashwini Kumar;Mishra O;Shashi S B (University Department of Zoology, L.N.M. Univ, Darbhanga-846 008) : Seasonal periodicity and pollution level of a LNMU campus pond, Darbhanga. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 369-71.

Deals with the study of physico-chemical characteristics of a Mithila University pond of district Darbhanga situated just near Manokamna Mandir from February, 2007 to January, 2008. The water was analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters e.g. AT, WT, TR,pH, TDS, DO₂etc. The paper also includes the population density of planktons in this pond during the studied period.

2 tables, 9 ref

010834   Archana Devi C;Kumaraguru A K (Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources, Madurai-625 021) : Toxicity of heavy metals copper and cadmium on the brown macroalgal species of Pudumadam coast, gulf of Mannar. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 203-11.

The effect of Copper (essential metal) and Cadmium (non-essential metal) on the Daily Growth Rate (DGR) of brown macroalgae Padina gymnospora and Sargassum wightii was studied under outdoor laboratory condition for a period of 28 days. The brown macroalgae have been studied due to their ecological significance and biochemical characteristics including its high capability of heavy metal accumulation. The brown macroalgae were exposed to five concentrations of copper and cadmium each. Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used in this study, because they can detect low concentration of heavy metals in environmental samples. The DGR was measured as an increase in fresh weight. The DGR decreased significantly with an increase in copper as well as cadmium concentrations in the growth media. The levels of metal accumulated in algal tissues correlated well to exposure concentrations. The results showed that cadmium is more toxic when compared to copper at the five exposed toxicant concentrations. Low concentrations of both heavy metals are toxic to seaweed species after prolonged exposure of 28 days. The high values of metal concentration in the macroalgae suggest that these marine organisms can be used as biological indicators to study the marine pollutions.

6 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

010833   Anil Kumar V;Sowjanya V;Satish K;Raviteja M; Gayatri P;Unnisa S A;Mukkanti K (Jawaharlal Nehru echnological University, Centra for Environment, Inst, , Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500 085) : Pollution profile of Hussain Sagar lake. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 816-19.

Since ionic concentration in the lake Influence the lake's ability to assimilate pollutant. and maintain nutrients in the water, a detailed study on water quality was undertaken to get an insight on the natural and anthropogenic processes operating in Hussain Sagar lake during idol immersion in September-2007. The water samples were collected before and after the immersion of idols and were analyzed for various parameters. The analysis results indicate that water quality of lake-decline after the idol immersion along with other anthropogenic activities. For conservation of this lake, suitable methods are suggested, like immersion of idols in artificial ponds and two-size idol system should be practice to retain the glory and pristine beauty of this lake.

1 table, 11 ref

010832   Agrawal G D;Ranjan G (Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalay, Environmental Scie, , Chitrakoot-485 331) : Decentralized treatment of sewage for recycling it for inferior domestic uses. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 865-73.

2 illus, 4 tables

009884   Vijaya Lakshmi;Nooralam M (Zoology Dep, Giridih College, Giridih-815 301) : Effects of a pesticide, bayrusil on biological and haematological characters in a fresh water fish, Heteropneustes fossils (Bloch). Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 293-9.

This study was carried out to assess the effect of sub lethal concentration of bayrusil on the biology and haematology of a fresh water catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The toxic nature of the pesticide produced ill effect on the health and blood characters of the fish. A significant decrease in the body weight of the exposed fish was observed. In the blood of the exposed fish a gradual decrease in TEC, Hb, HCT and Oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin was found whereas E.S.R., TLC, and CT value showed increase with the duration of exposure.

1 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

009883   Verma Y (National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad-380 016) : Toxicity evaluation of deicing agent employing duckweed bioassay. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 437-42.

Use of deicers has increased significantly during the past 3 decades resulting adverse impact on flora and fauna by altering the phvsico-chemical properties of water and soil. Phytotoxicity of chemical deicer ( sodium chloride, the table salt/road salt ) to higher aquatic plant, Lemna minor, was assessed employing 7 day semi-static duckweed bioasssy. The primary toxicity end-points used were inhibition of plant growth as determined by leaf (frond) count, loss of dry weight (biomass) and retardation of root length. The plant growth decreased progressively with increased concentration of sodium chloride compare to the control group. Thus duckweeds had shown linear relationship between growth inhibition and exposure concentrations. Based on the results and practical applicability, the Lemna bioassay appears to be quite useful in evaluating the potentiality of the phytotoxic chemicals, and should be cansidared while evaluating other alternative deicers.

2 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

009882   Vasavi V;Ramchander M;Girisham S;Reddy S M (Microbiology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: sivasrigirisham@yahoo.co.in) : Remediation of waste water using two anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 363-6.

Two anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas rutila isolated from waste water and their role in remediation of waste water was studied. Rsp.rubrum was efficient in removal of COD and BOD to the extent of 86% and 83% respectively. Similarly other components such as bicarbonates, sulphates and organic matter decreased due to the activity of Rsp.rubrm. Rps. rutila could cause decrease in COD and BOD by 67% and 85% respectively. Considerable decrease in bicarbonates and sulphates was also recorded. Significant decrease in Organic matter was recorded due to the activity of both the organisms under study. From the present investigations it is concluded that both the organisms were capable of bioremediation of wastewater and can be economically exploited in the treatment of waste water.

4 tables, 13 ref

009881   Varma R (P.G. Dep of Botany, Govt. College, Kota, Rajasthan, Email: soni4156@gmail.com) : Effect of zinc stress on growth parameters of Triticum aestivum variety (Lok-1). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2008, 10(4), 811-12.

The effect of various concentrations of Zinc as Zinc sulphate on the growth parameters and chlorophyll content of Triticum aestivum were studied. It is evident that the lower concentration of zinc proved to be beneficial to wheat with respect to all the parameters studied. Higher yield of wheat was obtained when 5mg/gm^-1 was applied. As the zinc concentration in the soil were increased beyond 25mg/ gm^-1 decreases in various parameters occurred. Higher concentration of zinc had toxic effect on the growth and yield production of wheat. The average of grain per ear was maximum in Smgm/gm^-1 concentration of zinc and no of grains was 38.67. Quality of the grains was also effected with the very low and very high concentration of zinc. In higher conc, of zinc no. of grains was decreased to zero and quality of grain was also poor.

1 table, 13 ref

009880   Unnisa S A;Chandra Sekhar Reddy P;Seshabala P (NO, , 22-6-1019/2, Hussaini Manzil, Irani Lane, Hyderabad-500 002, Email: syeda_azeem@rediff.com) : Pytoextraction of lead from soil by Somaclone species of Brassica juncea - Pusa jai kisan. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 417-22.

Phytoextraction is gaining acceptance as a cost -effective and environmentally friendly phytoremediation strategy for reducing toxic metal levels from contaminated soils. Cognizant potential of this phytoremediation technique as an alternative to expensive engineering - based remediation technologies, experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of some plants as phytoextraction species. From one of the preliminary studies, we found that somaclone of mustard designated as Indian mustard (Brassica.juncea L. - Pusa Jai Kisan (BIO902) can tolerate and accumulate significant amounts of lead (Pb) in its shoots when grown in lead amended soil and study was conducted to determine whether the addition of EDTA can further enhance the shoot uptake of Pb. Seeds were planted in mud pots and spiked with (0,1000, 2000 mg Pb/kg dry soil) of lead. At five weeks after planting, aqueous solution (5 mmol/kg dry soil) of EDTA was applied to the root zone, and all plants were harvested at six weeks. Results revealed that B.juncea L. pusa jai kisan (BIO902) was relatively tolerant to moderate levels of Pb as shown by non-significant differences in root and shoot biomass among treatment and addition of chelate (EDTA) enhance the lead accumulation in plants.

2 tables, 23 ref

009879   Umamaheswari S;Balamurugan V (Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Alwarkurichi, Tamil Nadu) : Growth rate and fecundity assessment of Eudrilus Eugeniae and Lampito mauritii in paper mill sludge. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 371-3.

African night crawler earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae and the indigenous worm, Lampito mauritii were cultured in the paper mill sludge and assessment of their growth and fecundity were carried out in the study. No mortality was recorded in both the species of earthworms, but exhibited gain in weight on culturing in the industrial waste. Significant difference at one percent level was observed both in the weight of the earthworm species and the growth rate at different time periods. Cocoon production was found to increase continuously till 45th day of the experiment in both the worm varieties. The hatching percentage and number of hatchlings per cocoon were found to be more in the Eudrilus eugeniae compared to Lampito mauritii. Paper mill sludge did not exert any hampering effect on the reproductive rate of the cultured earthworms.

4 tables, 11 ref

009878   Tiwari M (Botany Dep. D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Nainital-263 002, Email: mktiwari@hotmail.com) : Nitrate reductase activity in Dalbergia sissoo and under the influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza, phosphorus and nickel. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 453-6.

Toxicity of nickel on nitrate reductase activity of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculated Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus hybrid seedlings was studied at three levels each of nickel (0.5, 5.0 and 50 μM) and phosphorus (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) in sand culture. œ. hybrid had higher nitrate reductase activity than D. sissoo, with almost equal level of reduction in both species by nickel. Reduction in nitrate reductase activity by phosphorus was observed only in D. sissoo. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation did not show any significant effect on nitrate reductase activity of both species, but interacted significantly with phosphorus and increased nitrate reductase activity in both species.

1 illus, 22 ref

009877   Suneela M;Srinivas V;Srinivas;Syama Sundera Reddy K;Srinivas J S (Environment Protection Training and Research Institute, 91/4 Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032) : Ion composition of PM₁₀ aerosols and selected locations in Hyderabad City. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 443-6.

Ambient aerosol samples were collected at 5 selected locations in Hyderabad city for 4 day on 8 hourly basis (12 samples at each location ) during December 2005. The measured ion composition of aerosols includes : F^-, Cl^-, NO₃^{-, SO₄--, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+ and NH₄+ ions by employing ion ch-romatograph. The pH of the water extracts ranged from 5.82 to 7.58. The average mass of PM₁₀ is found to be 73 69 g/m8 with a total water-soluble aerosol load ( total anion + total cation ) of 23.28 μg/m3. The percentage distribution of water soluble ions in aerosol mass ( PM₁₀) are in the order of Na > SO₄ > NO₃ > Cl > Ca > K > Mg > F. Good correlation is observed between SO₄ and NO₃ ( r = 0.68 ); Na and NO₃ ( r = 0.70 ) and S0₄ ( r = 0.87 ); Ca and NO₃ ( r = 0.76 ) and SO4 ( 0.65 ) also in between crustal ions : Ca and Mg ( r = 0.77 ); K and Na ( r = 0.73 ); Ca and K (0.91 ). The presence of anions and cations may be attributed to heavy transport activities and resulted communication of oxides of nitrogan and sulphur with soil originating dust.}

1 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

009876   SreedharaNayaka B M;Jayaprakash;Ramakrishna S (Zoology Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056, Email: jepe52@yahoo.com) : Bacteriological quality of drinking water around Vrishabhavathi valley of Bangalore, Karnataka. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2008, 10(4), 773-6.

Thirty water samples collected from different locations around Vrishabhavathi Valley were analyzed for bacterial contamination. Fifty percent of the samples were found to be contaminated with total coliform and fecal coliform. Maximum contamination with total coliform and fecal coliform were observed in borewell water samples of Kodipalya, Cholarapalya and Lingapura.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

009875   Solanki R B;Sawant C P (Post Graduate Research Chemistry Dep, G.T. Patil College, Nandurbar-425 412) : Assesment of the industrial effluents collected from Ankleshwar GIDC area. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(6), 486-90.

Ankleshwar GIDC area is one of important industrial area of Gujrat state which is situated nearby Arabian sea. It possess many industries of various types, like dyes, Asian Paints, Pharmaceuticals, manufacturing chemical production as well as chemical processing unit, dyeing and printing, etc. Therefore, this area is highly polluted all around. It is heavily polluted area. Hence sampling was carried out from some selected stations (sites) for the year 2006 seasonal sampling was carried out and seasonal variations in industrial effluent were recorded. The physico-chemical parameters studied include pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand, hardness, alkalinity, acidity, chloride, total solid, total suspended solid, carbon dioxide, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate kjeldahl-N and bicarbonate. It is seen that at most of the sampling stations, some parameter contents observed were some what above the permissible level. After the rainy season the pollution status was little less indicating the dilution due to fain water in the environment.

2 tables, 11 ref

009874   Singh R;Kushwaha R;Rai O P;R R Dwivedi (Chemistry Dep, Govt Autonomous P G College, Satna-485 001) : Study of air quality and human health of certain villages of industrial area, Raigarh. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 425-9.

A statistical analysis of series of ambient air concentration of SPM, RPM, SO₂ and NO_x are monitored at selected 4 residential location of industrial area Raigarh during summer, winter and rainy season. Result indicates that average concentration of SPM and RPM are above the permissible limit, where as the gsseous pollutants, such as SO₂, NO_x are well below the permissible limit. Moderate (cummer) to low ( rainy month ) level of pollutents were found on all the location. About 400 families ( 2400 peoples ) in the study area have been surveyed for prevalence of air pollution oriented diseases. The results indicates higher incidence of respiratory diseases among the people.

3 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

009873   Singh R;Chaurasia S (Dep of Energy and Environmental, , ) : Conservation of sacred groves for biodiversity management. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 422-4.

Sacred groves are the 'garden of gods' containing natural vegetation associated with the supernatural power and got preserved over a period of time. These are as old as starting of settled agriculture some where in the 6th century, A.D., (Gadgil and Vartak,1976). This system had probably originated during the time of aboriginal or forest dwellers who had started agriculture in the form of shifting cultivation or on a permanent basis. While clearing land for agriculture invariably they used to keep a patch of forest growth where they had established their 'God' for protecting their cultivation and settlements. They believed that the 'forest god' would protect them and their cultivation from the evil sprits and wild animals. Nature worship has been a key force in shaping the human attitudes toward conservation and sustainable utilization of natural resources. Traditional nature worship practices in different part of India is useful in promoting the national/regional goals or conservation are discussed.

4 ref

009872   Shukla A;Pandey G C;Srivastava S K;Upadhyay V K (Environmental Science Dep, Dr R M L Avadh Univ, Faizabad-224 001) : Physico-chemical analysis of soil at selected sites of Faizabad and Ambedkar Nagar. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 462-5.

Various typas of soil samples were collested from the 4 different site [National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Tanda, Ambedkar Nagar, Mahadevs Brick Factory (MBF), Vadahi Nagar dumping site (VND) and Airport (NPS), Faizabsd ], for the determination of different physico-chemical characteristics of soil. In present observation, pH was recorded as 22 % higher than NPS followed by MBF, and VND. The temperature was recorded as 27 % (VND), 6 % (NTPC) and 5 % (MBF) than NPS. The bulk density was 24 % higher than NPS followed by MBF and VND. The water holding capacity was more at IMTPC followed by WBF, VND and NPS. The organic matter was more at VND followed by NPS, MBF and NTPC. The organic corbon was 62 % more at VND than NPS followed by MBF and NTPC. The higher moisiture content was recorded at VND followed by NPS, NTPC, and MBF. The peosphorous was more at VND (40%) followed by MBF, NTPC and NPS. The highest nitrogen was recorded at VND followed by MBF, NPS and NTPC. The concentration of potassium was less at NTPC followed by M3F, VND than NPS. The C/N ratio was more at NT PC and less at VND (16%) and MBF (11 %) than NPS. The highest exchangeable magnesium was found to be at NTPC (96 %) followed by MBF (87 %}, VND (65 %) and NPS. The highest exchangeable calcium was found to be at NTPC (45%) followed by MBF, VND and NPS. Result reveled that soil of NTPC was found to be more polluted. A proper management of dumping of flyash and municipal wastes on the soil are urgently required, for the improvement of the soil around the Faizabad so that more production of local crops would be achieved.

1 table, 16 ref

009871   Shrishail V G;Mathad P (P.G. and Research of Bonaty Dep, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga-585 06, Email: shrishailc@rediffmail.com) : Distribution and periodicity of phytoplankton in Khaji Kotnoor reservoir of Gulbarga region, India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 429-33.

Distribution and periodicity of phytoplankton in Khaji Kotnoor reservoir of Gulbaraga region was investigated. The dominant phytoplankton of different algal groups was recorded and identified in different seasons. To know to the variations in periodicity and distribution of phytoplankton, various physico-chemical and biological parameters of the water body have been observed for the period of two years from Nov. 2001 to Oct. 2003. The observations indicated that high level of pH, temperature, total alkalinity, oxygen, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, total hardness, TDS and BOD influence the growth of phytoplanktonic groups in the reservoir.

4 tables, 15 ref

009870   Shanthi R;Lalitha S;Anjugam P;Pathampriyal R (NO, Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College, Post Graduate and Research, Tiruchirappalli-620 002) : Studies on the quality of water from pulivalam village near Tiruchirappalli. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(6), 557-60.

The work aims at studies on the quality of water from Pulivalam village near Tiruchira-ppalli district. The water samples have been collected at 20 different locations from Putivalam village. These water samples were analyzed for the physical parameters, such as temperature, colour, odour, taste, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and the chemical parameters, such as pH, chloride, hardness, dissolved silica, alkalinity, iron, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, fluorids and nickel contents have been estimated. The estimated parameters were compared with standard water quality indices, like ISI, WHO, USPHS and BIS. The water samples have also been tested for the presence of bacteria. Water quality index (WQI) for water has been calculated with the help of estimated values of water quality, physico-chemical parameters and WHO water quality standards. The results are tabulated and conclusions are drawn.

2 tables, 6 ref

009869   Shakthi M;Ramamurthy N;Kannan S; Bakkialakshmi S (Physics Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu) : Physico-chemical analysis of bore water quality around Sugar factory. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 379-82.

Physico-chemical studies of water around Nehru Sugar Factory, situated in Eraiyur was carried out during the year 2006. From an overall view of water quality parameters determined in the experimental area, it is found that in general, water is hard and it has high conductivity, alkalinity and TDS. This result reflects the presence of cations (Calcium, Magnesium etc.,) and phosphate, sulphate, fluoride, chloride etc. From the analysis we conclude that, the water in this area is not good for drinking and it may lead to some diseases.

4 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

009868   Senthilnathan T (Physics Dep, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai-600 066) : Spatial distribution of suspended particulate matter in urban ambient air. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 391-7.

The suspended particulate monitoring was carried out in coastal city of Chennai during the year 2000-2002. Objective of this sturdy is to determine the background concentration of the particulate matter with reference to the different local activities. The sampling station Theagaraya Nagar is a traffic intersection cum residential area located within the Chennai metropolitan city. Observed that the pollutant values always exceed the NAAQS value throughout the sampling period by a very large amount. The annual mean values, skewness and kurtosis of particulate matter during the sampling period are uniformly high for all sampling stations. The statistical calculations made on SPM data show significant and vary very widely. The important finding of this study is that the data collected year-wise for SPM is found to give best curve fit for cubic equations. Also, several issues and remedies pertaining to trace out the probable sources of the suspended particulate matter concentration is also discussed.

4 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref

009867   Sarma K P;Das M (Environmental Science Dep, Tezpur Univ, Assam-784 028, Email: sarmakp@tezu.ernet.in) : Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water of Tezpur town. Indian J Phys 2008, 82(2), 189-93.

In study the physico-chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Ca, Mg, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu of ground water of Tezpur were carried out to assess the quality of ground water. Most parameters were within the permissible limit as prescribed by WHO and USPH. But pH is slightly acidic in nature. The concentration of Zn, Ni and Fe exhibited a lower concentration and stand far below the standards laid down by WHO, USPH and ICI. But the concentration of Cd was found to be slightly above the permissible limit in some places. Therefore, the ground water can be used for drinking purpose after conventional treatment and proper disinfections.

8 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

009866   Reddy K R C;Singh P (Dep of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Banaras Hindu Univ, Institute of Medical Science, Varanasi-321 005) : Different modes of water pollution. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 420-1.

Water is one of the most important natural resources in which when the toxic substances enter, get dissolved or lie suspended or get deposited to make the water polluted. This results in the deterioration of the quality of water due to which the aquatic ecosystem, health of human beings and animals are adversely affected. Water pollution is a large set of adverse effects upon water bodies, such as lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater caused by human activities. Water pollution is a major problem all over the world and it has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases and accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.

1 ref

009865   Ramani V P;Patel K P;Patel K C;Patel B K; George V (Micronutrient Project (ICAR) Anand Agricultural Univ, Nnand, Gujarat, Email: Vinubhai Ramani-vpramani@yahoo.com) : Effect of nickel and FYM on yield and chemical composition of spinach grown on effluent irrigated Fluventic ustochrepts of middle Gujarat. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 303-10.

Ni application up to 10 and 20 mg kg^-1 soil improved green leaf yield of spinach in effluent irrigated (contaminated) and tube well water irrigated (non- contaminated) soil, respectively. The higher levels of 40 and 80 mg Ni kg^-1 soil showed significant adverse effect on growth and decreased spinach yield by 7.4 and 21.3 per cent respectively under non-contaminated and contaminated soil. The Ni application increased P and K contents, which were further enhanced by FYM application. Application of Ni significantly increased Fe and Mn contents of leaf and root of spinach in both the soils, while reverse was true for Zn content. The correlation values for Fe and Mn contents with DTPA - Ni were 0.970** and 0.670* for leaf as well as 0.670** for both Fe and Mn in roots. The Ni content in leaf and root of spinach was increased significantly with Ni application in both the soils. However, application of FYM lowered Ni content in above and below ground parts of the spinach in contaminated soil, while Ni content was increased in non-contaminated soil. The Ni addition caused significant increase in DTPA - Ni after spinach in both the soils. However, the increase in the availability of Ni was comparatively less in presence of FYM in contaminated soil. The FYM addition showed beneficial effect to alleviate adverse effect of Ni in contaminated soil.

1 illus, 7 tables, 18 ref

009864   Rajalakshmi M C;Shakila P (Botany Dep, H.H. The Rajah's College, Pudukkottai, Email: sasi_sel@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of lead on early growth parameters of germinating Vigna radiata Linn, (wilczek). Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 435-7.

In recent years, heavy metalspollutant is one of the major problem in the world. Lead is one of a heavy metals which affects the growth of plants. Lead had a profound inhibitory effect on percentage of seed germination and plumule. Radile ratio. Growth of plumule and radile length was affected by lead. The percentage study deals with effect of lead on the growth parameters of germinating Vigna radiata (Green gram).

4 tables, 7 ref

009863   Purandara B K (National Institute of Hydrology, Hard Rock Regional Center, Hanuman Nagar, Belgaum-590 001, Email: Purandarabk@yahoo.com) : Environmental issues of wetland ecosystem management - a case study. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 439-48.

Vembanad Lake is one of the water bodies known as a 'Ramsar site', that is, one listed in The Convention 011 Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971. It is a fact that, in recent years there is a threat to the major wetland ecosystems of the country. The lakes and reservoirs, all over the country without exception are in varying degree of environmental degradation. Vembanad lake is not an exception. The major causes of deterioration are encroachments, eutrophication (from domestic and industrial effluents) and silt accumulation. Such ecosystem are highly dynamic and therefore, physical, biological and chemical characteristics vary greatly with different time scales and it is quite likely that these variations may influence sedimentary processes. In the recent years, in number of reports, it is stated that the Vembanad lake, which is situated close to the major cities like Ernakulam, Kochi and Alapuzha acts as a sink for all the pollutants from industrial, household wastes, animal and human excretion, high toxic chemical insecticides etc. In the present paper, various geochemical data pertaining to lake sediments were collected from different sources and analysed. A detailed investigation results of the sediments collected during 1985-1987 (about 20 years ago) is presented. Field investigations were carried out during 2005 to observe the geological, geomorphological and environmental changes occurred in a gap of 20 years. Public opinions were also collected during the investigation to understand the extent of environmental impact in and around the study area. Based on the past and present investigations carried out by the author reminds the fact that, if appropriate measures are not taken to rebuild the lost glory and culture of the coastal tract, it will end up with an environmental hazard to the neighbouring areas.

5 illus, 29 ref

009862   Phukan S N (Botany Dep, North Lakhimpur College, North Lakhimpur-787 031) : Distribution pattern of phytoplankton in water-logged rice fields of Lakhimpur district, Assam. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 481-3.

Waterlogged rice fields of the district of Lakhimpur, Assam contains a wide variety of phytoplanktons The distribution pattern of angiosperms, pteridophytes and algal flora in the rice fields of Lakhimpur district, Assam, revealed the abundance of 14 species of angiosperms, 4 species of pteridophytes and 6species of algal flora were isolated from the water. The summer season with abundance of water in the fields contained highest population of aquatics. Ipomoea aquatica and Eichomea crassipes among the angiosperms, Azolla pmnata and Salvinea cucullata among pteridophytes and the chlorophycean algae were the dominant flora in the rice fields.

1 table, 8 ref

009861   Patil R C;Rasal D;Jadhav U;Utekar A Y; Upadhye M V (Microbiology Dep, Bhavan's College, Andheri(West), Mumbai-400 058) : Consortium of microorganisms - An ideal way of composting kitchen waste. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 319-22.

Production of garbage is a considered as an integral part of the growth of societies and civilizations, but for healthy development of any community, it is imperative that people pay due attention to the handling and treatment of solid waste, as garbage is not only a source of nuisance but also posses a threat to the health of the community. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of microbial consortium in composting the waste generated from kitchen.

12 illus, 4 ref

009860   Pathak V;Banerjee A K (Physical Science Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot-485 331) : Heavy metal toxicity in some coal mining areas of Madhya Pardesh-a case study from Western M.P. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(6), 554-6.

Timely information on the quality of water is helpful in its effective betterment. Among the various toxic substances, heavy metals are particularly severe in their action. They contaminate soils plants end enter food chain posing health problem to the mine workers residing neat by mining cress. Deals with the effects of various toxic metals. The mines which were studied are Satpura-1, Patharkhera and Chandamata. The choice of these mines is due to the high cationio and anionic concentrations of the samples. Details are discussed.

2 tables, 9 ref

009859   Paliwal A;Yadav M (P.G. Dep of Zoology, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Etah-207 247) : Relative toxicity of selected neem based pesticides against rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 309-10.

Observations were made to test the selected neem based pesticides under laboratory conditions against stored grain pest, Corcyra cephalonica St. (Lepidoptera). The relative toxicity of selected five neem based pesticides extracts was worked out by taking LC₅₀ values. Neemazal was found to be highly toxic and their relative toxicity could be arranged in the descending order such as- Neemazal>Bioneem>Neemgold<62>Nimbicidine>Achook. This experimental research results would be helpful in the toxicity level of various neem based pesticides and also serve in the selection of various neem based extracts to control of stored grain pests which would be of low mammalian toxicity and with low environmental pollution.

1 table, 10 ref

009858   Opeolu B O;Soaga J A;Oladepo T L (Dep of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Univ of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria) : Environmental and socio-economic implications of spent oil spillage : case study of growth and nutrient quality of Amaranthus cruentus (L.). Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 385-90.

The study examines the susceptibility of Amaranthus cruentus, a leafy vegetable plant to spent oil in soil supplemented with concentrations of oil ranging from 0 mL to 100 mL in soil. Parameters considered were plant height, leaf number, protein and vitamin C composition of the plant at harvest. A relationship was established between oil concentration as inhibitory effects and plant growth. At 100 mL concentration treatment, the seeds of A. cruentus failed to germinate. Other concentrations germinated. After 56 day of growth, height measurement revealed 14.46 cm ± 8.33 with 50 ml oil treatment; 12.28 cm ± 2.05 for 75 ml and 50.50 cm ± 10.38 for 0 ml (control). These were significant at (P = 0.01). The mean leaf number after the same duration were 13.0 ± 9.47, 8.0 ± 1.58 and 35.0 ± 12.97 for the respective treatments. Protein levels (g/100g sample) and vitamin C (mg/100g sample) were higher in control plants 20.06 ± 1.4 and 21.23 ± 0.40, respectively than values from plants in treated soils. Results from the study showed that spent engine oil adversely affects the growth and nutrient quality of A. cruentus. The significance of the study indicated that indiscriminate dumping of spent oil by auto- mechanics all over the country might affect food security in Nigeria despite the present precarious food situation in the country. This attitude would promote malnutrition and mortality especially among children with soaring.

2 illus, 7 tables, 19 ref

009857   Omana P K;Mahesh Mohan (Chemical Science Div, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Email: omanapk54@rediffmail.com) : New mercury pollution threat to aquatic ecosystems of India-an example from Kerala. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 341-6.

Mercury pollution in India has become a new environmental threat as the country has been identified as the biggest consumer of mercury and the amount releasing in to its environment is between 172.5 to 200 tonnes every year. In this study Total mercury (THg) was analysed for water, sediment and fish samples from the Vembanad wetland, near shore areas and adjoining river systems during February 2004 to March 2005. The highest concentration showed in water and sediment was 130 ng/L and 12.2 μg/ g respectively. The study envisages the need for initiating better scientific investigations to take bold steps against mercury use in the country.

2 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

009856   Obasohan E E;Eguavoen O I (Animal Science Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Ambrose Alli Univ, Expoma, Edo State, Nigeria, Email: ewaensohan@yahoo.com) : Seasonal variations of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in a freshwater fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) from Ogba River, Benin City, Nigeria. Indian J Anim Res 2008, 42(3), 171-9.

This investigation assessed and monitored accumulation levels of Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb in a freshwater fish (Erpetoichthys calabaricus) from Ogba River during the dry and rainy seasons of a hydrologic year (November, 2005 - October, 2006). The same metals were also examined in the water of the river over the period. The results showed that the accumulation levels in fish exceeded the levels of the metals in water and indicated bioaccumulation in fish. The dry and rainy season levels in fish as well as in water at each of the sampling stations varied, but the differences were not significant. However, among the stations, the differences in the seasonal levels for most of the metals were significant. A correlation between seasonal levels in water and fish as well as the lack of uniformity in the distribution of the metals in the river were established. The finding also revealed that both dry and rainy season mean levels of Cu, Mn and Ni in fish exceeded WHO recommended limits in food, suggested that the fishes of the river were not suitable for human consumption. Consequently, close monitoring of metal pollution of Ogba River is strongly advocated, in view of possible risks to health of consumers of the fishes of the river.

1 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

009855   Nirmal Kumar J I;Soni H;Kumar R N;Bhatt I R A (P.G. Dep of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technololgy for Advanced Studies & Research (, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: istares2005@yahoo.com) : Macrophytes in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated water and sediments in Pariyej community reserve, Gujarat, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2008, 10(4), 931-8.

A phytoremediation study was carried out at Pariyej reservoir, an internationally important wetland listed in Asian Directory of Wetlands, designated as a "Wetland of International Importance" and a proposed community reserve of Gujarat State, India, to ascertain the degree of heavy metal contamination. The study focused on assessment of heavy metal accumulation in certain aquatic macrophytes used as biomonitors, in comparison with water and sediments (abiotic monitors) for phytoremediation. Roots, stems and leaves of native aquatic plants (biomonitors) represented by seven species: Ipomoea aquatica, Forsk, Eichhornia crassipes, (Mart.) Solms, Typha angustata Bory & Chaub, Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hydrilla vertidllata (L.f.) Royle, Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth. and Vallisneria spiralis L. alongwith surface sediments and water, were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contamination. The greater accumulation of heavy metals was observed in Nelumbo nucifera and the poor content in Echinochloa colonum. Based on the concentration and toxicity status observed in the lake's vegetation, the six heavy metals are arranged in the following descending order: Zn > Cu > Pb >Ni > Co > Cd. Compared with the standard, normal and critical toxicity range in plants. The detected values of Cd and Pb falls within normal range, while that of Co and Ni was within the critical range. However, Zn and Cu showed the highest accumulation with alarming toxicity levels, which are considered as one of the most hazardous pollutants in Pariyej reservoir. Species like Typha angustata and Ipomoea aquatica are also proposed as bioremediants, which are the two most useful plant species in phytoremediation studies due to their ability to accumulate heavy metals in high concentration in the roots. The results showed the significant differences in accumulation of metals like Zn, Cu and Pb in different plant organs, in roots than that of stems and leaves. High positive correlation between combinations of different metal pairs in plant's root, stem or leaf system was established. The potential use of these wetland plants in phytoremediation is also discussed.

6 illus, 5 tables, 27 ref

009854   Nirmal Kumar J I;Soni H;Kumar R N;Bhatt I (P.G. Dep of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science & Technology for Advanced Studies & Research (IST, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: istares2005@yahoo.com) : Biomonitoring of trace elements in some selected aquatic macrophytes with reference to lake contamination: a case study of Pariyej community reserve, Gujarat, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2008, 10(4), 803-10.

A biomonitoring study was carried out at Pariyej reservoir, an internationally important wetland listed in Asian Directory of Wetlands, designated as a "Wetland of National Importance" and a proposed community reserve of Gujarat State, India, to ascertain the degree of trace element contamination. The study focused on assessment of trace element contamination in certain aquatic macrophytes used as biomonitors, in comparison with water and sediments (abiotic monitor) for heavy metal pollution. Good information was provided by analyzing the roots, stems and leaves of native aquatic plants (biomonitors) represented by seven species: Eichhornia crassipes, (Mart.) Solms, Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hydrilla vertidllata (L.f.) Royle, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth., Typha angustata Bory & Chaub and Vallisneria spimlis L. alongwith surface sediments and water, were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contamination. The highest concentration of the trace elements was measured in Nelumbo nucifera and the lowest in Echinochloa colonum. Based on the concentration and toxicity status observed in the lake's vegetation, the six metals are arranged in the following decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Pb >Ni > Co > Cd. Compared with the standard, normal and critical toxicity range in plants, the detected values of Cd and Pb falls within normal range, while that of Co and Ni was within the critical range. However, Zn and Cu showed the highest concentration with alarming toxicity levels, which are considered as one of the most hazardous pollutants in Pariyej reservoir. Certain species of aquatic macrophytes are also proposed as biomonitors (and/or biofilters/absorbers) such as Typha angustata and Ipomoea aquatica, which are the two most useful plant species in biomonitoring studies due to their ability to accumulate elements in high concentration in the roots. The results showed the significant difference in accumulation of metals like Zn, Cu and Pb in different plant organs, which showed more accumulation in roots than that of stems and leaves. High positive correlation between combinations of different metal pairs in plant's root, stem or leaf system was established.

6 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

009853   Murali Krishna M V S;Murthy P V K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Email: mvsmk_in@yahoo.com) : Exhaust emissions from low heat rejection diesel engine with carbureted ethanoI and Jatropha oil. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 263-8.

Burning of fossil fuels at the current rate is likely to create an environmental crisis. Alcohols and vegetable oils are probable candidates for alternate fuels for use in diesel engines as they are renewable in nature. Pure alcohols can not be used in diesel engines due to their low cetane number and high latent heat of evaporation, while pure vegetable oils in diesel engines produce combustion problems because of high viscosity and poor volatility. The drawbacks associated with these alternate fuels in diesel engine call for hot combustion chamber, which is provided by low heat rejection diesel engine. In present study, the pollution levels of smoke, nitrogen oxides (NO ) and aldehydes are reported with use of the ethanol, carburetted through a variable-jet carburetor and crude jatropha oil, injected at different operating conditions of the oil and at varied injection pressures of the engine. These pollutants are compared with pure diesel operation on conventional engine.

2 tables, 11 ref

009852   Mukherjee D;Banerjee A;Sen G K (School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-32, Email: debprl@yahoo.co.in) : Present ecological status at estuarine ecosystem of Sundarbans and Digha in relation to fish catch. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 387-92.

In the recent years due to the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the surroundings the estuarine ecosystem of Sundarbans and Digha is facing a changing pattern of aquatic environment. Some physico-chemical parameters like, salinity, pH, DO has been detected as in a sharp changing pattern and thus affecting the estuarine ecosystem in greater course. This changing physico-chemical condition of water is also affecting the fish catch, especially in the case of edible fishes like, Hilsa (Tenulosa ilisha). The winter bag- net fishing is also effected with this condition. Among the different parameters pH and salinity are the two prime factors found here in affecting the annual fish catch. Level of heavy metals is important parameter to judge the fish health here.

10 illus, 10 ref

009851   Mishra M K (SENES Consultants India, Pvt. Ltd., 1st Floor, Tower B, Logix Techno Park, Plot No. 5, Sector-127, Noida-201 301) : Air quality modelling in Gurgaon city of nitrogen oxide episodes due to diesel generator sets and its control measures. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 452-7.

Gurgaon district is situated in National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi, the capital of India. It is just 10 km away from Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi. Almost all major developers and commercial giants in Gurgaon are in the dock for contributing the fast rising nitrogen oxide (NO) levels in the air. In order to assess the contribution of NO_x level due to diessl generator (DG) sets of total capacity 162 Mw and the hot spots identification during the winter season, air quality modelling exercise has been performed using the industrial Source Complex Short Term version 3 (ISCST3). The data on DG-sets of varying capacity was collected and analyzed for their physical characteristics and spatial distribution by grouping neighborhood DG-sets using GIS technique. The study reveals that DG-sets in Gurgaon city are the prime sources of NO_x emission and its contribution is in the range of 64-72 % with respect to other sources. The modelling result shows a vary good agreement between the 24 hr average predicted concentration and observed concentration. The study reflects that the methodology adopted in performing the modelling exercise on regional scale is quite satisfactory. Moreover., recommended control measures may reduce the NO_x level by 50 to 80%.

4 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

009850   Malathy R;Rajkumar N (Civil Engineering Dep, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode-638 052, Email: raj20_civil@yahoo.com) : Optimization of dosage of flyash as an adsorbent For the colour removal of textile factory effluent. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 475-80.

Fly ash, which is a waste generated in Thermal Power Plants can be used to treat the wastewater. In this study, an attempt is made to make use of fly ash as an adsorbent to reduce the pollutant concentration in the dyeing industry wastewater. This may be one of the cost effective technology to treat the wastewater discharged in these regions. In this experimental investigation, synthetic sample of dye solution is prepared and fly ash is used to adsorb the pollutants in the synthetic samples. For this purpose, systems of batch adsorbers are developed to make use of fly ash as an adsorbent. Optimum dosage of fly ash is determined by mixing the fly ash with synthetic samples and by varying the concentration of dyes, settlement time and pH of the solution. The optical density is tested for the synthetic samples before and after adsorption through the fly ash. The percentage reduction in optical density for the synthetic samples are found and compared with before and after treatment. The concentration of the dyes mixed with water is found to reduce when it is treated with fly ash.

4 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

009849   Lalitha S;Kalaivani D;Santhi R;Pathampriyal R;Anjugam P (Post Graduate and Research Dep of Chemistry, Seethalakshmi College, Tiruchirappalli-620 002) : Hydrochemical studies on water from Senthaneerpuram, Tiruchirappalli. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(6), 518-20.

Deals with hydrochemical parameters of water samples of Senthaneerpuram, Tiruchirappalli. Water samples from both wells and bore wells were collected from 20 different places and physico-chemical and biological parameters were analysed. The water quality index was also calculated for all the samples. The results are tabulated and conclusions are drawn.

2 tables, 6 ref

009848   Khasim Beebi S K;Chandana Lakshmi M V V; Sridevi V;Kusuma M P;Sandhya Rani O (Biotechnology Dep, College of Engineering, GITAM, Visakhapatnam-530 045) : Biodegradation of ammonia using bacterial and fungal cultures. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 430-3.

The main objective of the study was removal of ammonia from the natural sources-Poultry farm and agricultural fields. The bacteria and fungi which can withstand high ammonia concentrations were isolated and cultured. The capability of bacteria and fungi wera examined with different concentrations of ammonia (100.500 ppm). It was found that the fungal culture, Aspergillus species were more efficient than bacterial cultures and it was also found that the fungal species isolated from the soils of agricultural field were able to remove higher amounts of ammonia concentration that the fungi isolated from poultry.

4 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

009847   Kamavisdar A;Patel R M (National Institute of Miners Health, JNARDDC Campus, Amaravati Road, Wadi, Nagpur-440 023) : Studies on lead, iron and mercury in water samples near metalliferrous mining industries of Chhattisgarh. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 253-61.

A detail monitoring study on mercury, lead and iron in water samples, that is surface water and ground water of 4 mining industrial cities, that is Raipur, Bhilai, Bilaspur and Korba situated in newly formed Chhattisgarh State (18° and 23° latitude and 30° and 84° longitude ) of cental India was carried out, Study involves 4 metals, that is Hg, Pb and Fe as rapid industrialisation is taking place in the study area with their high emissions in the environment. The concentration of these metals in the surface water samples were found in the range of 2.3-11.3, 12-1300, and 60-250 ppb, respectively. At the same time, the concentration range of these metals in the ground water samples was found in between 0-6.3, 12-40, and 25-640 ppb, respectively. The main sources of this heavy metal contamination in the study area are discussed.

2 tables, 14 ref

009846   Kalaivani D;Malarvizhi R;Sangeetha S; Patabiraman R (Dep Post Graduate and Research Chemistry, Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College, Tiruchirapalli-620 002) : Chemical composition and thermosintering characteristics of coal ashes. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(5), 434-8.

Main objective of the work is to perform a comparative study of the sintering behaviours of 4 types of flyashes-fiyash of Indian coal, imported coal and blends of Indian and imported coals in the ratios of 40 : 60 and 52 : 48. Chemical analysis of the ash samples is also carried out by adopting standard procedures prescribed in coal analysis. The chemical composition of flyash samples revealed that imported coal consists of larger amounts of iron oxide, sodium oxide and sulphates. The enrichment of these species in a coal has a marked effect in increasing the rate of formation of sintered deposit. So imported coal has more slagging propensity than the 3 other coals. Indian coal has lower value for the 3 species and the amount of refractory oxides, like alumina is high. This suggests that Indian coal posesses low slagging propensity. When these 2 coals are blended the situation becomes worse, low melting phases are created which results in the rapid formation of deposits. Thus out of the 4 types of the flyashes analyzed, Indian coal is more reliable for the safe operation of the boiler.

1 tables, 15 ref

009845   Jissy Jyothi S;Jaya D S (Environmental Sciences Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-695-581, Email: j_ds@rediffmail.com) : Physiological response of urban roadside vegetation in a tropical situation. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 347-56.

Urban air pollution is a serious problem in both developing and developed countries and changes in the concentrations of various biomolecules and photosynthetic pigments in plants have been suggested as a useful bioindicator of pollution loads. The present study was carried out to investigate the changes in photosynthetic pigments, proline, protein and total carbohydrate contents caused by automobile exhaust gases in a few selected plant species growing adjacent to National Highway-47 in Thiruvananthapuram city. This piece of work discusses the physiological changes in common evergreen trees and shrubs as a diagnostic tool to assess the damage caused by urban atmospheric pollutants especially automobile exhaust gases in the environment.

4 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

009844   Gupta S K;Sinhal V K;Srivastava A;Singh V P (Plant Science Dep, Faculty of Applied Sciences, M.J.P. Rohikhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006) : Evaluation of the effects of Zn on the growth of Cajanus cajan and its Phytoremediation through Helianthus annuus. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 311-18.

To evaluate the effects of Zn (Zinc Sulphate) on the growth of Cajanus cajan and it's remediation, the two varieties of Cajanus cajan (Var. UPAS-120 and Var. ICPL-151) were sown in two different set of fields. Both the set of fields were irrigated with different doses of Zn (19, 20, & 21 mg L^-1). In the second set of experiment the same varieties of Cajanus cajan were intercropped with Helianthus annuus to remediate the Zn from soil. A concentration dependent decrease was noticed in all the growth parameters (i.e. plant height, fresh and dry Weight of plants, chlorophyll content, and protein content) and biochemical parameters (enzymes like Nitrate reductase, Glutamine oxo glutarate amino transferase and Glutamate dehydrogenase, activities) studied but the proline content was increased with increase in concentration of Zn. The maximum reduction (% of control) was noticed under the influence of higher dose of Zn (21 mg L^-1) in both the varieties of Cajanus cajan. Variety UPAS-120 was found to be more susceptible to Zn toxicity than variety ICPL -151. In second set of experiment (where Cajanus cajan was intercropped with Helianthus annuus) a significant recovery of the toxic effects of Zn was noticed in all the parameters studied. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer study suggested that the accumulation of Zn through Helianthus annuus grown in Zn treated soil was higher than non-treated soil. The results of the present investigation reveals that Helianthus annuus can be used as phytoremediator to reclaim the soil contaminated with Zn.

6 illus, 54 ref

009843   Edokpayi C A;Uwadiae R E;Asoro A O;Badru A E (Marine Sciences Dep, Lagos Univ, Nigera, Email: klemedokpayi@gmail.com ) : Phytomacrofauna arthropod associated with the roots of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in EPE Lagoon Southern Nigeria. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 241-7.

Fluctuations in the abundance, distribution and diversity of arthropod phytomacrofauna associated with the roots of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes in Epe lagoon, Nigeria was investigated between Sept. 2004 and Feb. 2005. Water and invertebrate fauna samples were collected monthly from five study sites. A range of 4.0 - 5.4mg/L for dissolve oxygen, 9.6 - 29.6mg/L for biochemical oxygen demand, 214 - 432mg/L for chemical oxygen demand, 6.9 -7.3 for pH, and 185 -555mg/L for conductivity was recorded for subsurface water. Nutrient (PO₄-p and NO₃-N) value ranged between 0.25 -1.20mg/L and 0.6 - 5.0mg/l respectively. There was however no significant difference in the values of the measured parameters between the study stations. The species abundance and diversity of arthropod associated with the roots of water hyacinth were low and dominated by amphipods accounting for more than 70% of the total number of arthropods recorded. The low overall diversity of phytophillous arthropods observed maybe attributed to poor water quality occasioned by anthropogenic activities, as well as factors related to the architectural and morphological characteristics of water hyacinth.

1 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref