Satapathy K K;Kaman B
013936 Satapathy K K;Kaman B (NO, , ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umian-793 103, Email: benjamin13@rediffmail.com) : Estimation of throughfall in pine tree (Pinus kesiya) in Meghalaya. Indian J Soil Conserv 2008, 36(3), 155-7.
In vegetated watersheds, 'throughfall' is an important hydrological input parameter. Throughfall is the part of rain water which finally reaches the ground after passing through the tree canopy. Measurement or estimation of throughfall is very important to study hydrology of land having forest cover. A study was conducted to estimate throughfall of Pine (Pinus kesiya) trees in Umiam, Meghalaya during 2002-2003. Pine was selected for the study because of its predominance in the hills of Meghalaya. Rains of different intensities were observed and weighted intensities were computed in case of successive storm events. Throughfall was found to increase with increase in the amount and intensity of rainfall. Linear relationships of rainfall amount versus throughfall and rainfall intensity versus throughfall were obtained with correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.61 respectively. However, correlation coefficients being low in case of rainfall intensity, it could be concluded that throughfall depends much on rainfall amount than on its intensity.
2 illus, 14 ref
Sahmurova A;Kose S;Ozbas E E
013935 Sahmurova A;Kose S;Ozbas E E (NO, Okan Univ, Akfirat Beldesi, Tuzla, 34959, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: aida@okan.edu.tr) : Biosorption of Cd<. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(1), 77-9.
Study presents biosorption of Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions from landfill leachate by using an alga of Enteromorrpha compressa type. Retention time of 60 min and pH 4 have been found optimum for biosorption of both metals.
3 illus, 9 ref
Priscilla Rajakumari S;Kanmani S
013934 Priscilla Rajakumari S;Kanmani S (Centre for Environmental studies, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025) : Environmental life cycle assessment of zero liquid discharge treatment technologies for textile industries, Tirupur. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(6), 461-7.
Inventorisation of inputs (chemicals and energy) for treating textile wastewater using pretreatment, reverse osmosis (RO) and evaporator for two representative textile wastewater treatment plants have been studied. All life cycle inventory data were recalculated per functional unit, which was defined as treatment of 1 m3 of textile wastewater. Evaporator consumes 48 % of electricity, which contributes for more global warming potential (GWP) than other treatment units. Total GWP for plant I and II are 4.49 kg CO2eq and 5.56 kg CO2eq respectively. During electricity generation, CO2 emission is comparatively high (98.5 % of total emissions). The results indicate that RO system of plant I and II consumes less energy and GWP are 8.9 x 10-3 kg CO2eq and 0.011 kg CO2 eq respectively. Human health impact is 7.4E-05 for CO2 emission, which is less for other emissions. The results can be used for strategic decisions for minimizing environmental impacts of zero liquid treatment technologies.
4 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref
Pradhan R P
013933 Pradhan R P (Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721 302, Email: rudrap@vgsom.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Does urbanization affect environment: empirical evidence from India. Int J Envir Dev 2008, 5(1), 95-106.
The aim of this paper is to examine the trends of urbanization in India and its affect on environment. The findings reveal that there is considerable increase of urbanization in the Indian economy but varies across its states/regions. The. empirical investigation indicates that urbanization has a significant positive impact on environmental degradation, which is measured here in the form of air pollution only. The other factors that affect the environment are infrastructure and per capita SDR While the former is partly significant, the later is no significant at all. The paper finally suggests that there is need of some policy measures that can control air pollution without much restriction on increasing urbanization, infrastructure and per capita SDP in the economy.
4 illus, 1 table, 49 ref
Pandey J;Chaplot K
013932 Pandey J;Chaplot K (Environmental Sciences Dep, M.L. Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur-313 001, Email: kadschaplot@yahoo.co.in ) : Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) var. Raj 3077]. Res Crop 2007, 8(2), 401-5.
Five days old pot-grown seedlings of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) var. Raj 3077] were exposed to enhanced level of ultraviolet-B radiation. The treatments were given for 6 h daily for 60 days. The enhanced level of UV-B radiation reduced chlorophyll, carotenoids and ascorbic acid concentrations in leaves. Catalase activity also declined in UV-B treated plants. However, UV-B treatment led to a rise in the concentrations of flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics as well as in peroxidase activity. The study indicated that the wheat plants tended to minimize the adverse effects of UV-B by increasing the accumulation of UV-B absorbing pigments. However, the screening effects of these pigments were not enough to compensate the UV-B induced detrimental effects on wheat plants.
2 tables, 35 ref
Omvir Singh;Sarangi A
013931 Omvir Singh;Sarangi A (Environmental Sciences Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012) : Hypsometric analysis of the lesser Himalayan watersheds using geographical information system. Indian J Soil Conserv 2008, 36(3), 148-54.
Hypsometry of drainage basins (area-elevation analysis) has generally been used to reveal the stages of geomorphic development (stabilized, mature and young). In the present study, two watersheds viz. Sainj and Tirthan with their sub basins in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh state were considered for hypsometric analysis. These watersheds and their sub basins were delineated from the generated Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using Geographic Information System (GIS). The hypsometric values of Sainj watershed (0.51) and Tirthan watershed (0.44) indicated that 51 and 44 per cent of the original rock masses still exist in these watersheds. Further the hypsometric analysis performed on these two watersheds and their sub basins revealed that the Sainj watershed and ten of its sub basins are more prone to erosion in comparison to Tirthan and its five sub basins. This finding would emphasize the construction of soil and water conservation measures in the Sainj watershed and its sub basins at appropriate locations for controlling further erosion, reducing the sediment outflows and conserve water.
5 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
Mishra M;Sahu N C
013930 Mishra M;Sahu N C (Economics Dep, Faculty of Social Science, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Air pollution: a threat to biodiversity. Int J Envir Dev 2008, 5(1), 63-72.
Biodiversity is the basic foundation of human existence which represents important opportunity for economic improvement. Apart from long range ecological security it ensures supplies of goods and services that are indispensable for human life. But in recent years the large scale urbanization, industrialization and associated environmental alteration and its impact on biodiversity pose a threat to human existence through basic necessities, recreation and the ecological functions. It is evident that pollution from various sources particularly from industries and power plants has negative impacts on biodiversity, irreversible in nature, cause extinction, resulting in loss of unique genetic resources of great use. The present paper is an attempt at identification and valuation of biodiversity loss due to air pollution in Angul-Talcher industrial area in Orissa. The study is based on a floristic study and phytosociological analysis conducted during 1992 and 1993. Herbaceous biomass pattern and production and species diversity has been considered as the important indicators of impact of pollution on biodiversity in the study area. For the purpose of analysis three sites at different locations has been chosen and it is observed that both the biomass production and species composition is much higher in the control site than the polluted sites. Though it is difficult to assign a money value to biodiversity but in recent years several attempts have been made on the basis of its option and existence values. In the present study, it is observed that the study area suffers a biodiversity damage worth about Rs. 6 millions per annum due to air pollution in the area.
4 tables, 36 ref
Girdner E J;Siddiqui K
013929 Girdner E J;Siddiqui K (International Political Economy, Baskent Univ, Ankara, Turkey) : Neoliberal globalization, poverty creation and environmental degradation in developing countries. Int J Envir Dev 2008, 5(1), 1-27.
Examines the impact of neoliberal globalization over the past two decades in developing countries. After locating neoliberalism within the context of the emerging global economy, we explore the historical processes of liberalization in Great Britain, India, Kenya and Chile. The paper will also explore the impact of neoliberalism upon the environment in developing countries. We argue that historically, "free trade" has not actually been as free as the orthodox narrative suggests, looking at the two paradigm examples of Great Britain and the United States. In both cases, protectionist practices were extensive and sharp until mature industries emerged which were able to establish power and market control within the external global economy. What is needed is a new regime with an alternative set of rules for emerging countries. It cannot be expected, however, that this will emerge from within the existing global economic and financial institutions which grew out of the post-World War II world, controlled by the imperialist triad, the US, Western Europe and Japan. However, forces are beginning to take shape for a new regime based upon efforts from below, for better terms of trade and cooperation between developing countries, which could strengthen emerging regions and allow countries to break out of the straight jacket of western-imposed neoliberalism. With cooperative efforts, such as those now being pursued by Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, developing countries may experience the opportunity to follow their own path of development, achieve healthy economic growth, pursue greater social democracy, and address the most crucial problem of ecological degradation.
1 illus, 1 table, 97 ref
Dwivedi A K;Rahul Singh;Shashi
013928 Dwivedi A K;Rahul Singh;Shashi (Pollution and Environmental Assay Research Laboratory (PEARL), Boany D, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur, Email: anil.k.dwiedi@gmail.com) : Groundwater pollution : causes and impact. Indian Sci Cruiser 2008, 22(4), 29-33.
Groundwater is one of the most precious gifts to mankind, it is also the important sources of drinking water, but the quality of ground water is being badly affected by sewage, agricultural runoff, chlorinated solvents and bio pollutants and also by several anthropogenic activities. Fluoride, arsenic, lead and some heavy metals also promote the pollution level of groundwater naturally. In urban or sub-urban areas the process of land filling by solid wastes has also promoted the level of groundwater pollution. Lakes and rivers, which are prominent source of groundwater recharging, may also affect, the ground water adversely if they are being enriched by industrial effluents, as it is a common practice now-a-days.
1 illus, 17 ref
Dhadse S;Pramila Kumari;Bhagia L J
013927 Dhadse S;Pramila Kumari;Bhagia L J (Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment Div, National Environmental Engineering Research Institutem (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 040, Email: pramila01@gmail.com) : Fly ash characterization, utilization and government initiatives in India. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(1), 11-18.
Current annual production of fly ash, a by-product from coal based thermal power plants (TPPs), is 112 million tonnes (MT). Some of the problems associated with fly ash are large area of land required for disposal and toxicity associated with heavy metal leached to groundwater. Review presents different ways of using fly ash and policies of Govt of India regarding utilization and disposal of fly ash. Environmental and occupational health hazards associated with fly ash are also discussed.
^iia2 ables, 88 ref
Demir G;Altay G;Sakar C O;Albayrak S;Ozdemir H;Yalcin S
013926 Demir G;Altay G;Sakar C O;Albayrak S;Ozdemir H;Yalcin S (Environmental Engineering Dep, Bahcesehir Univ, Besiktas 34349, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: goksel.demir@bahcesehir.edu.tr) : Prediction and evaluation of tropospheric ozone concentration in Istanbul using artificial nural network modeling according to time parameter. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(9), 674-9.
In the paper, lower tropospheric ozone concentration was modeled using artificial neural networks (ANNs) according to 1 day, 3 days and 7 days time periods to determine best prediction period. In model formation, data that was taken from ozone measuring stations and Government Meteorology Works Office was daily averages of last 6 months of 2003 and first 6 months of 2004. Air pollutant parameters (6) and meteorological parameters (8) were used in ANN architecture for Anatolian and European sides of Istanbul separately. Correlation factor was determined to examine model effectiveness for each time period. Weekly average prediction model has been observed with highest correlation factor and three day's correlation factor was higher than daily's.
5 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref
Chakraborty D;Datta S;Malik P;Maity S; Mukhopadhyay K
013925 Chakraborty D;Datta S;Malik P;Maity S; Mukhopadhyay K (Economics Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata) : Water pollution generation and abatement costs in selected industries of West Bengal. Int J Envir Dev 2008, 5(1), 29-61.
The paper attempts to study the pollution generation, abatement cost and also to evaluate the viability of the investment in Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). It also makes a detailed analysis of the waste water quality status, cost and benefit involved with ETP. Five different categories of industries from different location in West Bengal have been chosen for our study. Results show that due to the installation of ETP the wastewater quality of each industry becomes improved. This means that ETP of each industry is effective in keeping the quality of wastewater within the permissible limit of discharge. It also means environmental profitability. Thus from the findings of the modest attempt we submit that measures to control water pollutants by setting up ETP in five industries studied by us have been successful. So, the paper recommends setting up ETP in other industrial units, which have not yet implemented these measures.
10 illus, 36 tables, 18 ref
Thilakam M R;Sudha P
012940 Thilakam M R;Sudha P (Resource Management, Avinashilingam Univ of Women, Coimbatore-641 043) : Vermicomposting as means of solid waste management. Res Highlight 2008, 18(3), 135-43.
1 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref
Tangri A
012939 Tangri A (Chemistry Dep, Brahmanand P.G. College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Total sulphide concentration in the effluent streams of River Pandu at Kanpur. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1115-18.
These observations are based on the study of the total sulphide concentration form different sampling points of river Pandu. With the tremendous unplanned increase in the rate of urban population and rapid industrialization the waste products of their sewage and industries often find their way in the immediate environment. It is now posing a serious ecological problem of pollution in the rivers and beams. The untreated or partially treated domestic sewage and industrial effluents are generally discharged directly into the natural waters such as rivers, streams, ponds and lakes etc. Such waters are poor in oxygen; thus, disturb the economy of nature and create problems of international importance.
1 table, 12 ref
Somwanshi J L;Akuskar S K
012938 Somwanshi J L;Akuskar S K (Chemistry Dep, S.M.P. College, Murum-431 605) : Physico-chemical characterization of the effluents and nearby ground waters of Tulja Bhavani Co-Operative Sugar Factory Ltd., Naldurg, TQ. Tuljapur, Dist. Osmanabad. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 255-61.
The physico-chemical analysis of the effluents of Tulja Bhavani Cooperative Sugar Factory Ltd. Naldurg Dist. Osmanabad and Nearby dug well and bore well waters of pre- and post monsoon seasons of 2006 and 2007 has been carried out in present investigation. The methods employed for the analysis are as per the standard methods recommended by APHA1, WHO2, ICMR3, IS, IS 3307-1977. The water samples during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons from the various sites were collected and analytical estimations was done. The values are compared with the standard limits. The study reveals that the physico-chemical parameters are within the permissible limits with some slight variations in some parameters.
3 tables, 5 ref
Sharma I;Goyal D
012937 Sharma I;Goyal D (Biotechnology and Environmental Science Dep, Thapar University, Patiala-147 004) : Kinetic modeling: Chromium(III) removal from aqueous solution by microbial waste biomass. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(7), 640.
Presents removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solution by microbial waste biomass (MB2) obtained as a byproduct of pharmaceutical fermentation industry. Sorption kinetic behavior of Cr(III) was studied in a series of experiments in batch mode at different pH, adsorbent dosage and initial Cr concentration. Optimum Cr(III) removal (73.9%) from aqueous solution was at pH 4 by 1% biomass dosage. A comparison of kinetic models (Lagergren, Ho & McKay, Elovich & Morris-Weber) and correlation coefficient (R2) indicated that Ho & McKay kinetic model correlates well with experimental kinetic data.
Rastogi G K;Sinha D K
012936 Rastogi G K;Sinha D K (Chemistry Dep, K.G.K. (P.G.) College, Moradabad-244 001, Email: dkskgk@rediffmail.com) : Metal toxicity in underground drinking water at Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1074-80.
Five different underground drinking water samples were collected during the year 2006 from different India Mark II hand pumps of public places at Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh, India). Nine different trace metals in all the water sample were estimated by ICP-AES technique using Varian Liberty II ICP-OES and the data was compared with drinking water quality standards prescribed by W.H.O. for trace metals. The drinking water was found to be excessively contaminated with manganese as well as iron invariably at all the sites of study. The water was deficient of magnesium, a micro-nutrient at all the sites except at site No. IV and V. Lead and cadmium metal concentration was within desirable limits, however, copper was found to be absent at all the sites except at site No. III, where it was below the toxic limit. The drinking water is not contaminated with three toxic metals- chromium, cobalt and nickel as they were found to be below the detection limit and reported as ND. People exposed to waters of contaminated drinking water sites are prone to health hazards of metal toxicity and water quality management is urgently needed in the catchment area of study.
5 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref
Raj M B;Meikap B C;Biswas S;Mohanty C R
012935 Raj M B;Meikap B C;Biswas S;Mohanty C R (Chemical Engg Dep, IIT, Kharagpur) : Simultaneous control of gaseous and dust air pollutants by - a gas-liquid contacting towers. Process Pl Engng 2007, 25(2), 29-34.
In the study a gas-liquid contacting wet scrubber have been used to simultaneously remove the dust and gaseous pollutants from industrial flue gases. It has been found that in spray scrubbers many parameters like the size range, velocity and concentration of the particles at which they are emitted at the source, the operating parameters like the droplet size, velocity, droplets population density, residence time and temperature of the scrubbing liquid influences the particle scrubbing efficiency. The experiments conducted on the scrubbing of particulate matter (fly-ash) in spray a spray scrubber using water droplets as scrubbing liquid. Results indicate that a removal efficiency of around 93% was achieved which can bring down the pollution load to a considerable level.
10 illus, 20 ref
Niranjan Kumar K;Varma K S;Reddy A G S
012934 Niranjan Kumar K;Varma K S;Reddy A G S (Central Ground Water Board, Southern Region, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: niranjankumarkollipara@yahoo.co.in) : Groundwater quality assesment for industrial purposes of Gajwel taluk, Medak district, A.P.. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 342-50.
Gajwel taluk is at a very short distance from the capital city, Hyderabad of Andhra Pradesh. As it is a potential area for demand for industrial development, in view of the lack of detailed investigations on groundwater quality, a comprehensive assessment of the suitability of groundwater for industrial purposes by Langelier Saturation Index method was taken up. Such studies are warranted not only because of future demands for developmental activities but also due to the geographical disposition of the area in the semi arid tracts with meagre perennial sources of surface flows and also experiences frequent water shortages owing to the vagaries of the monsoon. An attempt has been made to asses the quality of groundwater and the findings for suitability for industrial purposes are presented.
2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref
Mishra N P;Tripathi G S;Singh B K
012933 Mishra N P;Tripathi G S;Singh B K (Near Saraswati Bal Mandir, T.D College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Mobility of the heavy metals in the River Ganga at Mirzapur. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 807-11.
Contaminated water sample were collected from five different sites of the river Ganga in Mirzapur District between Chunar and Adalpura. The quantitative estimation of Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb and Ni was carried out for a period of 12 months. The metal ion contribution were found higher in sediments (contaminated sample) than water samples. Pb and Ni were detected only in the sediment of midstream. The increased level of metals might be due to adsorption of cations by organize matter as a result of negative charge of colloids and sedimentation.
2 tables, 8 ref
Milena T;Filipoviae S
012932 Milena T;Filipoviae S (Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Montenegro Univ, Cetinjski put bb, Podgorica, Montenegro, Email: milenak@cg.ac.yu) : Sodium chloride as an estimation indicator of ground waters pollutant load from land surfaces of coastal karst. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 59-64.
In order to estimate ground waters pollutant load from land surfaces of coastal karstic basin, some ingredients of water, such as mol ratio of Na/ Cl as permanent ingredients of wastewaters, have been used as indicators in this paper. For example, it has been chosen the karstic basin where the wastewaters of a smaller town, without previous purification, flow into karstic pothole and after certain retention in the underground appear at the spring of the watercourse, which feeds the waters of Lake Skadar as final recipient of these and other waters from powerful basin1, significantly influenced for a long period by the artificial factor2,3,4 The data provided by the indicator role of mol ratio between major cations and some anions of water prove previous statement. The pollution of karstic underground is demonstrated with high sodium and chlorides load values of pothole waters (T0), which has affected the quality of spring waters (T1). During an annual investigation, when the period of small waters prevailed, 840 "temporary" samples taken from the pothole (T0) and spring (T;) have been sampled and analysed. Apart from the scientific knowledge the obtained data are estimated to have great importance in defining and taking necessary measures for water protection of the basin in question, which is a precondition for already defined strategy of Montenegrin's state development.
4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref
Midha V;Dey A
012931 Midha V;Dey A (Chemical and Bio Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 011) : Biological treatment of tannery wastewater for sulfide removal. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 472-86.
The transformation of hides into leather is usually done by using tanning agents and a highly turbid, colored and foul smelling wastewater is generated in the process. The major components of the effluent include sulfide, chromium, volatile organic compounds, large quantities of solid waste, suspended solids like animal hair and trimmings. The various components present in the effluent affect human beings, agriculture and livestock besides causing severe ailments to the tannery workers. The environmental protection regulations stipulate that industries are not allowed to emit sulfide and chromium in the wastewater. Thus removal of sulfide and chromium from the wastewater is very important. A number of researchers worked on the removal of sulfide and chromium from the wastewater streams, but little has been reported on the sulfide removal from the tannery wastewater. In this paper, characteristics of tannery wastewater and methods of sulfide removal have been discussed here.
^iia1 illus, 4 tables, 53 ref
Mane A.M;Kanvate V S
012930 Mane A.M;Kanvate V S (Zoology Dep, A.C.S. College, Shankarnagar, Tq. Biloli, Dist, - Nanded, Maharashtra) : Comparative account of planktoic community of Manar river near degloor, dist, Nanded (Maharashtra) India. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 363-70.
The paper is prepared from the data collected during different seasons from June 2004 to May 2005. An attempt is made to enumerate the planktonic diversity of the Manar river Dist. Nanded. The result shows that the zooplanktonic diversity was lesser as compared to phytoplankton. Although highly polluted, the Manar river contains a considerable number of both phyto and zooplankton species. The plankton community showed seasonal variations. The phytoplankton community was consisting of members of Chlorophyceae, Myxophyeeae, Bacillariphyceae and Chlorophyceae were represented by species of Oedogonium, Volvox, Eudorina. Microcystis. Oscillatoria and Anabaena including certain diatoms. The zooplankton community was consisting of members of Cladocerans, Copepods, Ostracode and Rotifers and were represented by species of Daphnia, Moina, Cereodaphina, Cyclops, Cletocamptus. Brachionus Keratella, and Metapidia. The ecological significance of the plankton diversity and the seasonal variation in total plankton volume is discussed in the light of available literature.
2 tables, 19 ref
Knight S S;Cullum R F;Cooper C M;Lizotte R E
012929 Knight S S;Cullum R F;Cooper C M;Lizotte R E (United States Dep of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, U.S.A, Email: sknight@ars.usda.gov) : Effects of suspended Sediments on the chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship in oxbow lakes. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2008, 34(1), 1-6.
Agricultural activities are considered, by some, to be a major source of nonpoint source pollution in the United States. The Clean Water Act requires states to improve impaired waters by establishing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) of such pollutants as sediment, nutrients and pesticides. Most states attempt to establish TMDLs for nutrient levels in such a way that a balance is achieved between nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations so that a sustainable fishery is maintained. Several authors have published chlorophyll-phosphorus relationships for southeastern lakes and impoundments based on annual means. Unfortunately, these relationships will not necessarily be valid in light-limited lakes damaged by sediment. Regression analysis of total phosphorus, total sediment and chlorophyll a concentrations indicate significant relationships between all three water quality parameters in three Mississippi Delta oxbow lakes. Total phosphorus and total sediment concentrations were positively correlated, while total phosphorus and chlorophyll a were negatively correlated. While this relationship seems counterintuitive, further analysis indicates that when suspended solids are less than 1 50 mg L-1 there is a positive significant relationship between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus. When suspended solids exceed 150 mg L-1 there is a negative significant relationship between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus. This information should prove useful to water resource managers responsible for establishing TMDLs and water quality criteria where both sediments and nutrients cause impairment.
1 illus, 1 table, 33 ref
Kamble P N;Aher H R;Kuchekar S R
012928 Kamble P N;Aher H R;Kuchekar S R (P.G. Dep of Environmental Science, P.V.P. College, Pravanagar, At/P.O. Loni, Tal, Rahata, Dist, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) : Physico-chemical characteristics of water from Khadkawasala reservoir, Pune, Maharashtra State. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 325-32.
Water is essential in every stage of life for any living organism. Physico-chemical characteristics of Khadakwasla reservoir near Pune were monitored for physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, electric conductivity, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silica, iron, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. These parameters were analyzed by collecting water samples at four different locations of reservoir from July 2005- Jan 2006. From this study, it is observed that there is seasonal variation in concentration of physico-chemical parameters and some of parameters are beyond permissible limit, which shows degradation of water quality due to pollution.
1 table, 16 ref
Jain S;Singh A
012927 Jain S;Singh A (Research Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Heavy metal contents in soil of vegtable farms near nayawas and mandrella by-pass at Jhunjhunu city. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 105-10.
In Jhunjhunu city, sewage water is used for irrigation in vegetable farms near Nayawas and Mandrella by-pass. This polluted water degrades land quality and deteriorate soil productivity. Therefore 12 soil samples were collected from the vegetable farms. The heavy metals Fe, Cu and Zn were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results show the presence of these heavy metals beyond the limits of Indian standards. Therefore, the sewage water should be used after proper treatment.
8 ref
Jain S;A Singh
012926 Jain S;A Singh (Research Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner-334 004) : Physico-chemical properties of soil of vegetable farms near nayawas and mandrella by-pass at Jhunjhunu city city (Raj.). Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 80-6.
Sewage water is used for irrigation in vegetable farms near Nayawas and Mandrella by-pass. This water affects the physico-chemical properties of soil and deteriorate the soil fertility. Therefore, 13 soil samples were collected from the vegetable farms. The various physico-chemical parameters such as EC, TDS, SAR, alkalinity, sodium and potassium were determined. The results show that these parameters are beyond the limits of Indian standards. Therefore, the study of parameters are important for the utilization and proper management of soils in agronomy.
2 tables, 12 ref
Jahed Khaniki G R;Dehghani M H;Mahvi A H; Rafati L;Tavanafar F
012925 Jahed Khaniki G R;Dehghani M H;Mahvi A H; Rafati L;Tavanafar F (Environmental Health Engineering Dep, School of Public Health, Tehran Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email: ghjahed@tums.ac.ir) : Concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in groundwater resources of Hamadan province, Iran. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 56-8.
Nitrate and nitrite are naturally occurring ions that are ubiquitous in the environment. Both are products of the oxidation of nitrogen by microorganisms in plants, soil or water. After a period of time, the nitrates seep into the water table. Nitrates produce no color and no odor in water and can cause cancer in humans, when consumed over a long period of time. Objective of the study was to investigate and determine the nitrate and nitrite compounds in groundwater resources of Hamadan province, Iran. Totally 280 samples of water were examined for nitrate and nitrite during a period of six months from February to September, 2007 belonging to eight cities of Hamadan Province (Hamadan, Malayer, Nahavand, Asadabad, Razan, Bahar, Kabudarahang and Toyserkan). Nitrate and nitrite ions were both analyzed by a UV-Spectrophotometer, DR- 5000. Results showed that the mean and standard deviation of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in water samples were 16.39 ± 14.05 mg/l and 0.038 ± 0.056 mg/l respectively. Nitrate for ten samples of water from five cities (Malayer, Razan, Bahar, Kabudarahang and Toyserkan) had been more than the maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) in drinking water. Concluded that nitrate content in drinking water was often higher than the standard level in some areas and thus it can be a public health concern for people who consume this contaminated water. Source water protection should be important at these areas and it is also necessary to apply few additional actions to reduce or remove nitrate from drinking water.
1 table, 14 ref
Gupta S;Solanki A S
012924 Gupta S;Solanki A S (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner-334 003, Email: ajay22solanki@yahoo.co.in ) : Copper: its concentration and distribution with distance and effects of plants of chopra bari area, Bikaner (Rajasthan). Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 681-7.
Copper is a trace element, which is required in 0.2 ppm range in irrigation water for optimum growth of plants. It plays an important role in plant structure and functions. For analysis of copper in irrigation water (industrial effluent), ten samples were collected and were analyzed on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Study revealed that concentration of copper decreases with increasing pH and distance in Chopra bari area, Bikaner. Copper, when present in toxic level, shows leaf cupping, decreased root growth and damaged cell membrane in plants while in deficient condition, young tissue chlorosis, distortion and necrosis conditions occurs in plants.
1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref
Gupta S;Solanki A S
012923 Gupta S;Solanki A S (Research Laboratory, P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner-334 003, Email: ajay22solanki@yahoo.co.in) : Salinity effects and its management in chopra bari area of Bikaner city (Rajasthan). Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 250-4.
Natural water contains water soluble chemicals known as salts. The total salt contents of water is its salinity. Irrigation with saline water produces large physiological deformities viz. reduction in plant height or in the number of leaves or shoots. As the plant become more affected, it may appear wilted despite a moist soil and the leaves may show leaf bum. Under these circumstances, the plant may die. To evaluate salinity in irrigation water (waste water) of investigated area, twenty samples were collected in wide mouth plastic bottles and were analyzed according to standard methods. Study reveals that investigated area have salinity level above permissible limits.
1 table, 10 ref
Gupta S;Kushwaha S S S
012922 Gupta S;Kushwaha S S S (Chemical Laboratories, P.P.N. College Campus (C.S.J.M. Univ), Kanpur-208 001, Email: ssskushwaha41@rediffmail.com) : Photo-oxidative degradation and quantification of herbicide residues for pesticidal pollution. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 89-98.
A highly selective and sensitive chromato-graphic technique in combination with electrochemical as well as photo-active detection has been developed to identify and determine trace levels of phenoxy herbicides, such as; 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy'acetic acid (2,4-D); 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxy'acetic acid (2,4,5-T); 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid (MCPA); 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4-DP); 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (MCPB) and 4-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB). Also, the photo-oxidation of hazardous herbicides by strong oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide in the presence of UV radiations is also investigated. The UV + H2O2 combination generates hydroxyl radicals having very high oxidation potential which helps in complete mineralization of a herbicide. The photo-oxidation process is found to be strongly pH dependent. The electochemical behaviour of these six herbicides is found to be different which is due to the varying number of chlorine atoms in the aromatic moiety and the different aliphatic side chains. It is observed that UV irradiation increases selectivity as well as sensitivity of the electrochemical reaction. Further, the photo-oxidative degradation by UV + H2O2 combination is found to cause complete mineralization of herbicide pollutants. The rate of this process is directly proportional to intensity of UV radiations and pH of the medium. Also, a mathematical model on kinetics of degradation of herbicides is developed so as to estimate herbicide residues in soil and vegetation as a function of time for different orders of herbicide decomposition reactions. This may help to understand the fate of environmental pollution caused by herbicide applications.
7 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref
Gonzalez Rodriguez H;Cantu Silva I;Ramirez Lozano R G;Gomez Meza M V;Dominguez Gomez T G;Garza J B;Maiti R K
012921 Gonzalez Rodriguez H;Cantu Silva I;Ramirez Lozano R G;Gomez Meza M V;Dominguez Gomez T G;Garza J B;Maiti R K (Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, Email: humberto@fcf.uanl.mx) : Spatial and seasonal litterfall deposition pattern in the Tamaulipan thorscrub, northeastern Mexico. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2008, 1(4), 177-81.
Litterfall and litter decomposition are key fundamental processes in nutrient cycling of woodlands ecosystems at the Tamaulipan thornscrub of northeastern Mexico, which is characterized by a wide range of taxonomic groups exhibiting differences in growth patterns, leaf life spans, textures, growth dynamics, and phenological development. During two consecutive years (November 2004 to October 2006), monthly litterfall and their respective constituents were quantified at three county sites (Los Ramones, China, and Linares) located in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. At each site, litterfall deposition was quantified in an undisturbed thornscrub experimental plot (20 m x 20 m). At each plot, seven (replications) litter traps were scattered over the entire area. Each trap covered an area of 0.16 m2 (0.4 m x 0.4 m) and was placed approximately 0.3 m above the soil level to intercept litterfall. At each sampling date, the collected litter was sorted manually into the following categories: leaves, branches (<2 cm in diameter), reproductive structures (flowers, fruits and seeds), and fine residues (unidentified, fine plant residues such as bark, pieces of insect bodies or feces). The samples were then dried to a constant weight at 65° C for 72 h. Total mean annual litterfall deposition was 4472, 6,743 and 4,788 kg ha1 y1 for Los Ramones, China and Linares, respectively. Of total annual litter production, leaves averaged about 67% followed by branches that ranged from 11% at Los Ramones to 22% at Linares, reproductive structures (7% Linares to 15% Los Ramones), and fine residues litter (4% Linares to 8% China). Differences in spatial and temporal litterfall deposition among sites might be related to plant phenology, community plant structure and environmental variables such as extreme temperatures and heavy rainfall events. This has implication on nutrient cycling to the forest soil in different stand communities, but also to maintain fundamental ecological and ecosystems processes which in turn support and sustain life for invertebrate fauna, thereby enhancing organic matter mineralization, and improve soil physical structures of the forest ecosystem.
6 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref
Garg J;Joshi A;Seth G
012920 Garg J;Joshi A;Seth G (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: gitaseth@yahoo.co.in) : Hydro-geochemistry and quality assessment of ground water of jaipur city and its adjoining area (Rajasthan). Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 422-36.
The chemical characteristics of ground water of Jaipur city and its adjoining area (Jaipur district), Rajasthan have been studied to evaluate the suitability of water for irrigation and domestic uses. Twenty five water samples representing the deep and shallow ground water of the area were collected and analysed. It is observed that the quality of most of the area is suitable for both the purposes. An attempt has also been made to classify the ground water of the study area on the basis of piper diagram and U. S. Salinity laboratory classification. Majority of water samples belong to the {sodium-potassium, sulphate-chloride}; {sodium-potassium, carbonate-bicarbonate} hydro-chemical group and remaining water samples under the category of {calcium-magnesium, sulphate-chloride};{calcium-magnesium, carbonate-bicarbonate}.According to U. S. Salinity laboratory classification 20% water samples lying are under the C2S1, category and can be used for irrigation purposes and 48 % water samples are lying under C3S1, C3S2, C3S3 (high salinity -low to medium SAR values) and remaining water samples are lying under C4S2, C4S3, C4S4 category, which are not suitable for irrigation.
5 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref
Gain A K;Uddin M N;Sana P
012919 Gain A K;Uddin M N;Sana P (NO, Bangladesh Univ of Engineering & Technology, 3413, Shahid Smrity Hall, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, Email: animesh.gain@gmail.com) : Impact of river salinity on fish diversity in the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2008, 34(1), 49-54.
Saline water intrusion is a major problem and conflicting issue in south-west coastal region of Bangladesh. The study provides an assessment of changes of fish diversity with the changes of salinity level in the nearby river over the last thirty years. This study is carried out through semi-structured questionnaire survey in selected villages of different salinity prone areas such as high-saline zone and moderate saline zone, namely Paikgacha and Rampal, respectively. The increased salinity has negative impact on fish diversity in this region. Local people's perception, experts' judgment was used in detecting decreasing of fish diversity with increasing in river salinity. The study has revealed that in Paikgacha, the salinity varies approximately within the range from 20,000 to 45,000 micromhos and in Rampal it is from 10,000 to 30,000 micro-mhos. Due to increased salinity, the fish species in Paikgacha and R npal have been reduced from 29 to 12 and 24 to 19 species respectively during the period 1975-2005. Dominancy of very few salinity tolerant species is increasing in both areas but it is more visible in Paikgacha than Rampal.
4 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref
Esmaeili A;Ghasemi S;Rustaiyan A
012918 Esmaeili A;Ghasemi S;Rustaiyan A (Chemical Engineering Dep, North Tehran Brancs, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: akbaresmaeili@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of the activated carbon prepared from algae Gracilaria for the biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(2), 125-8.
Batch removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution and wastewater using marine red algae Gracilaria was investigated. Activated carbon prepared from Gracilaria by acid decomposition was used for this purpose. Activated carbon prepared marine alga were used as a low cost sorbent. The effect of pH, biosorption time, adsorbent dose, and metal ions concentration, were studied. The most effective pH was found to be 4.0. At the optimum pH (pH = 4), the biosorption capacities were found in the range of 95.53%, 93.72% and 88.84 %, depending on initial concentration of 70, 100 and 150 mg.l-1, respectively. The optimum time was found to be 2 hours. The equilibrium adsorption data are fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Both the models represent satisfactorily the experimental data. The adsorption follows second order kinetic. Study shows that activated carbon prepared from algae is a valuable material for the removal of copper from aqueous solution and wastewater and a better substitute of using in activated marine red algae.
2 tables, 14 ref
Dutta J;Bhuyan B;Misra A K
012917 Dutta J;Bhuyan B;Misra A K (Chemistry Dep, North Lakhimpur College, Lakhimpur-787 031, Email: bhabajitb@rediffmail.com) : Chemical estimation of soil fertility status in and around the tea gardens of Gohpur sub-division, Assam. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1099-1105.
Quantitative measures to monitor soil quality indicators such as soil pH and extractable N-P-K are more developed now and are still being explored as to how these measures affect nutrient levels and the chemical health of the soil. The research is undertaken with a specific view to strengthen the national and local soil quality database by evaluating chemical indicators of soil quality for better soil management practices. As found out from the experimental results, soils in and around the tea gardens of Gohpur sub-division, Assam, generally have properties that make their management somewhat difficult. The long-term deterioration of soil under the tea gardens in the area has led to impoverishment of soil fertility. It is also observed that the soil health is not in accordance with the fertility rating chart given by ICAR (2005). Soil nutrient imbalance is the key issue that needs to be taken up in the area. A suitable socio-economic and policy environment to maintain and improve soil fertility is also lacking. The researchers feel that environmental aspects of soil quality of this area need serious attention in near future for better agricultural practices.
2 tables, 8 ref
Das M;Singhandhupe R B;Muduli S D; Chakrabarty H;Kumar A
012916 Das M;Singhandhupe R B;Muduli S D; Chakrabarty H;Kumar A (NO, Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751 023) : Evaluation of distillery effluent for crop irrigation. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(4), 332.
Evaluates irrigation use of highly saline cane molasses post methanated distillery effluent in crop production, and crop and soil quality maintenance during fresh water scarcity. Effluent could be used for irrigating crops, preferably grown in neutral soils. In a pot experiment, application of distillery effluent through irrigation was found useful at 50% dilution with water 50(E)/50(W), without impairing groundnut (biomass) yield, nutrient concentration and soil properties. In a field trial on non-saline, acidic, red and laterite soil, alternate supply of effluent with water or 50(E)/50(W) blending proved appropriate for irrigating groundnut in sequence with paddy during monsoon. Salt accumulated through effluent irrigation didn't retain in soil after paddy in monsoon. A sizeable portion of distillery effluent could reliably be used for crop irrigation.
Chakraborty R;Zaman S;Mukhopadhyay N; Banerjee K;Mitra A
012915 Chakraborty R;Zaman S;Mukhopadhyay N; Banerjee K;Mitra A (Marine Science Dep, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: abhijit_mitra@hotmail.com) : Seasonal variation of Zn, Cu and Pb in the estuarine stretch of West Bengal. Indian J Mar Sci 2009, 38(1), 104-9.
Zn, Cu and Pb levels in the aquatic phase and underlying surface sediment from three stations (viz. Shankarpur, Canning and Bali Islands) of the coastal zone of West Bengal during different seasons in 2002 were recorded. The order of the heavy metal level in the ambient media of the selected stations is Zn> Cu> Pb. Highest concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in the surface water during monsoon, the period characterized by lowest salinity and pH of the ambient aquatic phase. During premonsoon season all the dissolved heavy metals exhibited minimum values. The biologically available heavy metals from surface sediment of the selected stations showed highest values during premonsoon and lowest during monsoon. Significant negative correlations between the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals and biologically available heavy metals from surface sediments elucidates a sharp exchange of selected metals between the aquatic phase and sediment in the study area.
Blagojevic N Z;Vukasinovic V L;Djurovic D D
012914 Blagojevic N Z;Vukasinovic V L;Djurovic D D (NO, Montenegro Univ, Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Cetinjski put bb. 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro, Email: nadab@cg.ac.yu) : Migration and total concentration of heavy metals in soil samples from the Zeta valley, Montenegro. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 76-81.
The total and the migration concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in 20 soil samples taken from the surrounding area of Aluminium Factory Podgorica, airports, asphalt plant and highroad in Zeta Valley (Montenegro) were determined. The applied method for preparation of soil samples was the extraction method using CH3COONH4 and CH3COOH for migration concentration, and HCl for total concentration of metals. The concentrations of examined metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) method. The migration concentration of Pb, Cd and Zn in investigated soil samples ranged within the values allowed by the regulations, the concentrations of migration of Fe and Mn were in accordance to the natural concentration and the migration concentration of Cu in two samples exceeded allowable limits. The total concentration of metals in particular soil samples exceeded the values allowed by the regulations, which is probably the consequence of the influence of aluminium factory, street traffic and usage of plant protection
1 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref
Banpurkar A R;Bhandarkar S E
012913 Banpurkar A R;Bhandarkar S E (Chemistry Dep, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and Technology, M.I.D.C. Lohara, Yavatmal-445 001, Email: subodhb@rediffmail.com) : Potability of water of different sources located at Bhadrawati, Chandrapur (M.S.). Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 676-80.
The study of potability of water of different sources like river water, pond water and well water was done at Bhadrawati (M. S.) in the month of December 2006 and May 2007. The parameters studied were temperature, pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, Fe (Iron), TDS, turbidity and nitrate. It was found that water samples have higher alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, fluoride, nitrate. TDS in the month of May 2007 than December 2006. Among river water, pond water and well water the pond water, was found to be unsafe for drinking purpose.
1 table, 10 ref
Arzjani A;Datye V S
012912 Arzjani A;Datye V S (NO, , Enghelab Sq, Jamalzadeh Jonoobi Ave, Kaj St, Sepidar Bonbast, 2nd Floor, Vahed 9, No. 4 Tehran, Iran, Email: zarzjani@yahoo.com) : Role of sugar factory on the cropping pattern changes: a case study through the Malegaon sugar factory (Maharashtra). Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2008, 1(4), 182-8.
Number of factors influence the changes in cropping patterns, either they be of short-term, long-term or medium-term, in any given region. One such factor is the establishment of agro-based or food processing industry influencing the cropping pattern in that region. The quantitative and qualitative study of cropping pattern changes is very important at all levels, e.g. for the farmers, entrepreneurs, industrialists, financers and lending agencies, food corporations, and agricultural and finance ministries in the government, for various reasons. This paper is essentially a qualitative and quantitative study on how a sugar factory can influence, in long-term, the cropping pattern changes of sugarcane in that region. The case study is carried out on a real factory (The Malegaon Sugar Factory) in Malegoan, Maharastra, India. The data obtained and reported are real and accurate. The analyses of the data and their important conclusions are presented.
2 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref
Akolkar A B;Choudhury M K;Selvi P K
012911 Akolkar A B;Choudhury M K;Selvi P K (Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110 032, Email: avinashakokar@yahoo.com) : Assessment of methane emission from municipal solid wastes disposal sites. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 49-55.
Assessment of landfill gases (LFG) with appropriate methodology for control of green house gas emission as well as possibility for waste to energy conversion are the prime objectives of the study. Generation of LFG from a particular heap of wastes can not be interlinked with the potential of LFG generation. Rather, LFG emission depends on the spatial/physical conditions like anaerobic condition, depth from surface, age of dumping and chemical compositions like carbohydrate and protein contents in the waste.
3 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref
Yadav S M;Anjaneyulu Y;Venkata Mukund Rao P
011982 Yadav S M;Anjaneyulu Y;Venkata Mukund Rao P (Center for Environment, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Institue of Science and Tec, Kukutpally, Hyderabad-500 072) : Critical assessment for site selection of a common hazardous waste management facility in Nalgonda district. Indian J envir Prot 0000, 28(8), 695-703.
Application of Central Pollution Control Board criteria for the site selection of a common hazardous waste management facility has been studied critically for selecting a site for dumping industrial hazardous solid waste in a secured landfill in Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh by Deccan Envirotech Limited. Out of the proposed 9 sites identified, 6 sites are eliminated by knock-out criteria, which have adverse impact on environment based on preliminary screening. Detailed site investigation and evaluation studies were carried out in 3 sites considering 24 attributes giving weightages to each attribute based on it's importance. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by considering different combinations of weightages of 24 attributes and best environmentally suitable site is identified.
3 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref
Wiwanitkit V
011981 Wiwanitkit V (Wiwanitkit House, , Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand 10160, Email: wviroj@yahoo.com) : Minor heavy metal: a review on occupational and environmental intoxication. Indian J occup envir Med 2008, 12(3), 116-21.
Heavy metal is widely used in industries and presents as a problematic environmental pollution. Some heavy metals, especially lead and mercury, are well described for their occupational and environmental intoxication whereas the other minor heavy metals are less concerned. In this article, the author will present the details of occupational and environmental minor heavy metal intoxication. This review focuses mainly on aluminum, tin, copper, manganese, chromium, cadmium and nickel.
58 ref
Vishnu C G;Mathew A;Molly A G;Eldo A N
011980 Vishnu C G;Mathew A;Molly A G;Eldo A N (Post Graduate and Research Dep of Botany, St. Peter's College, Kolenchery-682 311) : Impact of industrial effluents on germination, growth and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in different parts of Hibiscus esculentus L.. Pollut Res 2008, 27(2), 241-6.
Effects of industrial effluents on germination, growth, protein content and metal accumulation patterns in Hibiscus esculentus L. were studied. Effluent from two factories in the industrial belt of Cochin, Kerala were used to soak the seeds for germination and to irrigate the seedlings in the field after physico-chemical analysis. Results showed a greater inhibition on germination rate by Carbon Factory effluent. Even though there was no notable change in the vegetative growth, reproductive growth, yield and protein content, a greater bioaccumulation of heavy metals were observed in different plant parts.
8 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref
Vasudevan N;Ravindran A D
011979 Vasudevan N;Ravindran A D (Biology Dep, GURU, Gandhigram-624 302, Email: florydevan@gmail.com) : Recycling of biological tannery sludge trhough biomethanation. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 161-3.
Two of the most burning problems facing the world today are rapid depletion of vital natural resources and pollution of the environment. The organic wastes that accumulate in industries have to be anaerobically digested to yield methane rich biogas for utilization of domestic and other farm operations. Presently there is no proper sludge disposal system in the tanneries. The solid waste emanating from tanneries are disposed in the tannery surroundings indiscriminately without any environmental consideration. Hence, the investigation deals with recycling of biological tannery sludge for biomethanation. Some of the objectives of this study are to be analyze the physicochemical parameters of the feedstock material before and after digestion. The quantity of biogas produced and percentage of methane was also estimated. After biomethanation, the obtained slurry may also be used as a soil conditioner (fertilizer).
3 tables, 6 ref
Vasanthy M;Jeganathan M
011978 Vasanthy M;Jeganathan M (Environmental Sciences Dep, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Ambient air quality in terms of nitrogen NOx in and around Ariyalur, Perambalur DT, Tamil Nadu. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 165-7.
Ariyalur, the land of fossils, is found to be embedded with rich limestone deposits. Hence around 9 cement factories have been established in and around Ariyalur. This becomes one of the source of air pollution in this area. The highest value of NOx recorded in the present study at the vellalar Street during day time i.e., 111 μg/m3 and during night time it was 103 μg/m3. Lowest mean value of NOx values has been recorded in Annanagar during day time i.e., and in night time i.e., 15 μg/m3.
1 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref
Vasantha Kumar S;Vaani N
011977 Vasantha Kumar S;Vaani N (Center for Mitigation and Management, VIT University, Vellore-632 014) : GIS based modelling of soil contamination - a threat to agriculture by Dindigul tanneries. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 113-16.
In developing country like India greater attention has been focused so far only on the ground water pollution. Unlike water the study on the soil contamination has not been much attended yet. It becomes necessary to study the soil contamination in Dindigul, where the soil is mostly degraded by tannery effluents. In order to assess the extent and level of soil contamination, soil samples were taken at 60 locations in and around tannery industries and tested for various chemical parameters like Electrical conductivity, pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iron, Manganese, Zinc and Copper. The GIS has its application in modeling pollution characteristics via generating continuous surfaces, overlay analysis etc. The interpolation method "kriging" was used to generate continuous surfaces for all the soil parameters. It is a process of using points with known values to estimate values at unknown points i.e., a process of filling in data between the sample points. The overlay analysis was then performed by assigning weightages to the soil parameters to arrive the contamination levels. The results show that most of the areas were highly contaminated which make the land unfit for agriculture.
5 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref
Udaya Sri P;Srinivasa Rao D;Vijayasree N; Haritha K;Sambasiva Rao K R S
011976 Udaya Sri P;Srinivasa Rao D;Vijayasree N; Haritha K;Sambasiva Rao K R S (Center for Biotechnology, Acharaya Nagarjuna Univ, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, Email: pudayasri@gmail.com) : Hazards of pesticides to human health. Res J biol Sci 2009, 1(3), 178-96.
Pesticides are substances used for preventing and controlling the damage caused by various pests. But pesticides have drawbacks like as potential toxicity to humans and other animals. Pesticide exposure increases risk to human health due to the pesticide drift which occurs when pesticide suspended in air as particles are carried by wind to other areas. Certain pesticides like DDT, Endosulfan, Aldrin, chloradane etc leads to certain dreadful diseases like chronic liver damage, cirrhosis, cytogenetic effects, breast cancer, lung cancer or reproductive disorders. Pesticides can enter the body from inhalation, ingestion, or eye or skin contact. Long-term effects of pesticides on the nervous system include cognitive and psychomotor dysfunction, and neurodegenerative effects. In order to prevent these diseases there must be proper and controlled usage of pesticides. There must be public awareness regarding the diseases caused by different classes of pesticides.
^iia127 ref
Tripathy J K
011975 Tripathy J K (Remote Sensing and GIS Dep, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada-757 003) : Assessment of noise level at some granite quarries in Ganjam district, Orissa, India. Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 197-9.
Attempt has been made to study the noise level of equipment induced sound at some granite quarries in Ganjam dist. and then to study noise induced deafness (NID) among the persons working there as laborers. It was found that the sound emanating from the stone cutters crossed the safe level limits of 75 dB. The laborers, particularly those who operated the stonecutters complained of deafness. Therefore it is clear that the pollution has certainly injured the laborers and caused noise-induced deafness.
2 tables, 4 ref