010889   Singh S R;Manimala Devi T;Sangbanbi Devi N (Post Graduate Studies Centre, H.R.D.R.I., Canchipur-795 003) : Sustainable development of environmental conservation on natural land resources and population through carrying capacity and footprints. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 1-8.

Sustainable development of a particular place through environment and population carrying capacity by computation on ecologically productive land per capita in hectares, ecologically deficit land per capita in hectares and in percent available in decades and in annum expedite judicious as 0.17, 1.82, 1043.83 and 104.38 in 1991 and 0.14, 1.85, 1316.93, 131.69 in 2001 respectively for Thoubal District, Manipur. Sustainability on population increase of the district scored to destructive criteria consequently reflects the felt need of consciousness to planners and decision makers. Ecological foot print analysis of land resources and population on sustainable development highlighted the needs of sustainability guidance. Exhaustive analysis on sustainable development on total land accentuated to covet the expertite management. The sustainability on total area for developmental planning of Thoubal district and Manipur state have intensely established and manifest the enormous wealth of nature, for meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs for human kind with a hope of conservation. Right planning for right action based on conservation of natural resources evince the way to solve the ever advancing exploitation of resources.

2 tables, 12 ref

010888   Singh S N;Sharma R (NO, Chemistry Dep, Varanasi) : Ambient particulate matter concentration study in a mixed urban and rural environment in India. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 942-5.

The pollutants, namely SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, Pb and partioulate matter (PM) have been named as criteria pollutant by Environmental Protection Agency, USA. Paniculate matter monitoring was conducted in a mixed urban rural environment in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Total 6 ambient air sampling stations were identified for the collection of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), two each at residential area residential cum commercial area and industrial area. For the assessment of seasonal variability in ambient PM concentration, the PM sampling was conducted in three different seasons throughout the year, namely pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and winter season of the year 2005 using recommened instruments for ambient air sampling (raspirable dust sampler and high volume samplers). For the statistical study of the data, average, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient values, spatial variability and air quality index were also calculated. Ambient RSPM concentrations are reported between 146.5-216.8 μg/m³ during post-monsoon period, 200.1-249.3 μg/m³ during pre-monsoon and 241.3-329.4 μg/m³ during winter season. A good positive correlation coefficient value is found between RSPM and TSPM. Similarly correlation coefficient values were also calculated for meteorological parameters and ambient RSPM and TSPM values. The results of the study indicate that the air quality of the area falls under the unhygienic category.

4 tables, 20 ref

010887   Sharmila Kumari;Sah K K;Choudhary J V K (Post Graduate Department of Botany, S.K.M. Univ, Dumka-814 101) : Impact of coal mines effluents on growth of plant Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Papilionaceae). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 389-92.

Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the coal effluent was analysed. The result were calculated on the basis of the treated and untreated coal effluent on the plant growth of Dalbergia sissoo and also with respect to seed germination, flowering & fruiting. Dilution of effluent of 25% & 50% revealed positive impact on plant growth.

4 tables, 6 ref

010886   Shankar B S;Balasubramanya N (East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering Dep, Bangalore-560 049) : Groundwater quality degradation due to industrialization-a case study of K.R. Puram industrial area, Bangalore. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 625-30.

Contamination of drinking water sources is one of the bigest threats to the welfare of the manki - ng. The present study aims to the groundwater quality in on(c) of the major industrial areas Bangalore City, and the Impact of industrial effluent disposal on their quality. The investigations reveal that a large part of the study area is highly contaminated due to the excessive concentrations of one or more water quality parameters, such as nitrates, total hardness, calcium total di-ssolved solids and iron, which have rendered nearly 57 % of the water samples tested, non-pota ble. Severe out-break of gastroenteritis which resulted in more than 200 people hospitalized in just one week clearly support the correlation between the groundwater contamination in the area and health problems faced by the residents.

4 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

010885   Senthilnathan T (Physics Dep, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai-600 066) : Investigation on gaseous air pollutants with statistical approach. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 874-8.

Exposure to air pollution is an inescapable part of our Chennai urban life. In this study, the interaction patterns of air pollutants, SO₂, NO_x are investigated based on traffic intersection and residential sites in Chennai city. This study is necessary, since these pollutants violate the prescribed norms of the NAAQ standards. Urban areas receive more diffuse radiation, heat radiation from the atmosphere and less solar radiation compared to rural areas. Heat balance may transports pollutants released at the periphery of the city towards the centre. As a result of this, the gaseous pollutants SO₂, NO_x and aerodynamic size of respirable dust particle and suspended particulate matter pollutants were continuously assessed using high volume sampler at residential and traffic intersection sampling stations in Chennai city. The main objective of this research study is to determine the background concentration of the pollutants with reference to the different local activities. It is observed that the pollutant values always exceed the NAAQS value throughout the sampling period by a very large amount. The statistical calculations made on pollutant data show significant and vary very widely. The important finding of this study is that the data collected yearwise for different pollutants is found to give best curve fit for cubic equations. Also, several issues and remedies pertaining to trace out the probable sources of the suspended particulate matter concentration is also discussed.

5 tables, 15 ref

010884   Saxena S;Chandrawat U;Swami R;Ashu Rani (Chemistry Dep, Government P.G. College, Kota-324 005) : Physico-chemical characteristics of potable water of eastern Rajasthan with special mention to fluoride. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 809-15.

A total of 981 water samples are collected from various water sources, namely handpumps, open wells, tubewells, rivers, ponds and municipal taps of 9 major districts, namely Jaipur, Dausa, Sikar, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Kota, Bundl, Baran and Jhalawar of Eastern Rajasthan. All the samples are analyzed for pH, turbidity (Turb ), conductivity ( EC ), total dissolved solids ( TDS ), total alkalinity (TA ), total hardness (TH), Ca, Mg, Na, CI^-, SO₄^2-, NO_a^-, NO_a^- and F^-. Approximately 10-78% of ground water samples are having F^- lass than 1.0 ppm, 22-61% having F^- in the range 1.0-2.0 ppm and 19-36 % are having F- greater than 2.0 ppm in the entire study area. Kota district is found free from F^- toxicity while Sikar and Dausa are facing severe toxicity. In Sikar district, Dukia village in Danta Ram Garh block has F^- level high upto 8.7 ppm in ground water samples. Most of the municipal tap samples are found to have F^- within permissible limit or below detectable limit. A significant correlation of F^- is observed with pH, TDS, TA, Na and SO₄^2-.

5 tables, 25 ref

010883   Saxena D K;Singh S;Srivastava K (Botany Dep, Bareilly College, P.G.D. in Environmental Management, Bareilly-243 005) : Biomapping of atmospheric metals fall by moss Rhodobryum roseum by active transplant technique in Mussoorie city of Garhwal hills. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 905-13.

The work is the first successful attempt to measure the yearly and semestral precipitation of some metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) with the help of active moss transplant technique in a portion of Garhwal hills of India. The moss Rhodobryum roseum collected from an undisturbed habitat was exposed during 2004-2005 at different directions nearly at equal distance in each season and the concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were determined. The trend of metal precipitation was in order of summer >winter>monsoon for nearly all metals. The metals analyzed from moss discussed in relation to pollution load of the air with the objective of exposing the potential of Rhodobryum roseum as biomonitor for mata precipitation. This also implies that the active moss transplant techniqe is a cost effective, economical, easy and alternative tool for the quantification of the atmospheric metals. Moss analysis of metals confirms that the maximum concentration of zinc was in proximity to the urban sites and accumulation of metals in the moss transplanted, was order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd in both, that is rural and urban habitats. Result of the present work illustrated how elements biomapping by bryophytes is a useful and inexpensive tool to evaluate air quality. The main novel aspect of this study is that it delivers information of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in India and Asia at all, where very limited information is avail-able on this field, therefore, this finding is a gap filling one.

5 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

010882   Sawant R S;Telave A B (Botany Dep, Dr. Ghali College, Ganhinglaj, Kolhapur-416 502) : Physico-chemical properties of two aquatic ecosystems in Gadhinglaj thasil (dist. Kolhapur) Maharashtra. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 189-92.

The two aquatic eco-systems were studied for their physico-chemical properties. One of them is semi natural and the other is artificial. Both the systems show desirable level of chemical composition. These are at present can be used for drinking purpose but the continuous use of these systems damage them and converts it into non-use system. So the two aquatic bodies should be protected for the future use.

2 tables, 9 ref

010881   Saikia N;Dileep Kumar;Deka Barua H P;Yein R (NO, North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785 006) : Transpiration : a key to determine the soil condition in crude oil effected area. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 879-82.

Transpiration is a phenomenon of loss of water in the form of vapour from the internal tissues of the aerial parts of the plants. Flow of water along with the dissolved nutrients from the soil through the roots to the shoots is possible because of this physiological process. The main objective of this study was to find out the rate of transpiration in plants grown in such area. Our earlier study already showed that crude oil contaminated sites contains hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic elements including heavy metals. In oil fields, drilling sites and neighboring areas are contaminated due to spillage of crude oil which changes the biochemical nature of soil. In this study we observed a correlation between transpiration of the plant and the soil condition which showed that absorption of water by roots and rate of transpiration of the plant is greatly influenced by soil condition. Because water is absorbed at the roots by osmosis.

3 tables, 13 ref

010880   Sahoo D K;Behera A;Mishra P;Meher N S (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Sambalpur Univ, Burla, Sambalpur-768 019) : Environmental impact and utilization of flyash : a study of IB-thermal power plant. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 935-8.

Deals various environmental problem related to generation of fly-ash as negative impact and some of the important flyash utilization of management as positive Impact techniques with proper remedial measures.

5 tables

010879   Reddy K S S R N;Sudhakara Rao B;Shobha M; Appa Reddy R (Dep of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering (Autonomous), GITAM, Visakhapatnam-530 045) : Hydrochemical analysis of ground water in some areas of Srikakulam district. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 631-7.

The physical, chemical characteristics and hydrochemical evaluation of ground water in the central parts of Nagavali and Vamsedhara rivers of Srikakulam district have been studied. 128 water samples representing the shallow ground water of the area were collected and analyzed. The major chemical constituents of natural water, like pH, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, hardness important cations, like sodium (Na⁺⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca⁺) and magnesium (Mg⁺), ani-ons, like bicarbonates (HCO₃^-), chlorides (Cl^-), sulphates (SO₄^2-), and nitrates (NO₃^-) were analyzed in the laboratory. An attempt is made to classify the dominant cations and anions in the ground waters of the present study area and classify the waters into compositional groups by means of Kurlov's formula.

2 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

010878   Ravichandran C;Jayalakshmi S (P.G. and Research Dep of Environmental Sciences, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli-620 017) : Noise pollution assessment in Panruti, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Pondicherry and Kodaikanal. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 887-92.

The extent of noise pollution was assessed in Panruti, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Pondicherry and Kodaikanal. The results reveal that the noise levels exceed the standards in almost all the places in all towns. Hospitals and education institutions exceeded the limit of 45 dB(A). Vehicular traffic was found to be the major source in all the towns. Kodaikanal experienced extremely high noise pollution.

18 illus, 4 ref

010877   Rastogi G K;Sinha D K;Navneet Kumar (Chemistry Dep, K.G.K. (P.G.) College, Moradabad-244 001) : Underground drinking water quality management though correlation studies. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 846-8.

Statistical regression analysis of statistical data of evaluated physico-chemical parameters of underground drinking water samples collected at 9 different sampling sites at Moradabad was carried out to study the correlation between estimated water quality parameters. Conductance showed significant correlation with all the 9 studied parameters, namely pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, turbidity, hardness, magnesium, chloride, sulphate and iron concentrations of water. This correlation among various physico-chemical parameters may be used for the management of underground drinking water quality.

2 tables, 7 ref

010876   Rampal R;Sharma A (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, (Jammu & Kshmir)) : Noise levels in major road crossing of old Jammu city. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 161-6.

In the study Leq and NC have been calculated on major road crossings of old Jammu City. Study concluded that value of Leq was directly related with increase in commercial activity. However, no co-relation was observed between the value of Leq and traffic flow rates. Noise climate value also exhibited lot of variation in the study area.

3 tables, 9 ref

010875   Rampal R;Manhas P (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Assessment of indoor air (No₂ level) during and after smoking. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 167-70.

The study involves the assessment of NO2 level in the indoor air during and after smoking of cigarettes in chain and simultaneously. From the study it was observed that specific number of smokers smoke specific number of cigerettes simultaneously add more NO2 in air as compared with a smoker that smoke same number of cigerettes in chains. Besides this, good ventilation system and circulation of air reduces the concentration of NO₂ in air.

2 tables, 8 ref

010874   Ramachandran T V (Environmental Assessment Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085) : Background radiation, people and the environment. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 914-25.

Ail living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation, which always existed naturally. Important sources are cosmic rays which comes from outer space and from the surface of the sun, terrestrial radionuclides which occurs in the earth's crust. In building materials and in air, water and foods and in the human body itself. Some of the exposures are fairly constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere, for example the dose from ingestion of potassium-40 in food. Other exposures vary depending on location, Cosmic rays, for example are more intense at higher altitudes, and the concentrations of uranium and thorium in soils are elevated in localized areas. Exposures can also vary as a result of human activities and practices. In particular, the building materlals of houses and the design and ventilation systems strongly influences the indoor levels of the radioactive gas radon and its decay products, which contributes significantly to doses through inhalation. Component of the sources of exposures to Indian population has bean assessed based on the data generated. Total contribution to the natural sources to the Indian population works out to 2.3 mS v/y as against the global value of 2.4 mSv/y. Estimated modified source which includes mining of heavy metals, coal-fired power plants, mining of phosphate rocks and its use as fertilizers, production of natural gas, prouction of gas mantles and luminescent dial and air travel contribution to the background radiation to the Indian population works out to be 1.2 x 10^-3 mSv/y; while atmospheric weapon tests contributes about 0.045 mSv/y, medical exposure contributes about 4.048 mS v/y and exposure due to nuclear power production contributes about 5.0 x 10^-5 mSv/y to the background radiation. Brief review and comparison of the rates arising from natural and man made sources to the Indian population is given.

^iia25 tables, 30 ref

010873   Rajput N;Lakhani A (Chemistry Dep, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra-282 110, Email: anitasaran2003@yahoo.co.in) : Particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air of Agra. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2009, 38(2), 98-104.

Total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) samples were collected at Nunhai, Agra from May 2006 to September 2006. Since polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known carcinogenic and mutagenic, concentrations of 16 PAHs in aerosols were quantified in the present paper. The dominating PAHs in TSPM include high molecular weight Benzo(ghi)Perylene, dibenzo(b)anthracene, indeno(123cd) pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene. Naphthalene and acenapthylene being more volatile were not detected in any of the samples. The sum of 14 PAHs ranged 150 - 480 ng m^-3 with a mean value of 269 ± 121 ng m^-3. The results indicate that PAH concentrations are higher than other industrial sites but are comparable to those measured in several urban Chinese cities, however, less than the industrial locations of China. Higher PAH concentrations are attributed to higher rates of emissions as well as greater scavenging and adsorption of vapor phase PAH on available TSPM. The potential sources of PAHs in aerosols were identified using the diagnostic ratios between PAHs. The vehicular emissions were the main contributors of particulate-associated PAHs and stationary combustion sources also contribute to the particulate PAHs. PAHs in aerosols were predominantly from gasoline and diesel engines.

010872   Rajesh Kumar;Srivastava S K;Prasad R S (NO, Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad-828 108) : Assessment of air quality indices of south eastern coal mining area, Korba. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 893-9.

India is third largest coal producing country in the world. It will have to enhance the production to fulfil the futre demand. Due to large amount of mining operation, industrial activities, such as National Thermal Power Plant. Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board, Coal handling plant, BALCO, produces environmental. In the first approach (NAAQS dependant) air quality indexing was evaluated with the assumption of equal importance to all the pollutants. Initially quality rating for each pollutant was calculated on the basis of observed and permissible standards values (the standard being assumed as reference baseline for each pollutant). The geometric mean of quality ratings of all the pollutants was evaluated to derive quality index for air at all the monitoring locations. As per the derived index, T.P. Nagar and Bhilai Basti locations are highly polluted whereas Jhagra village is the least polluted location. The remaining locations are moderately polluted. Air quality depreciation indexing, on the other hand, is NAAQS independent and based on value function curves. The average values of the pollutants were taken for calculation of air quality depreciation index for Korba industrial belt. The air quality depreciation indexes for all the locations are indicating substantial deterioration of air quality of Korba industrial belt. T.P. Nagar location has the maximum depreciation from the desired air quality followed by Bhilai Basti. The results indicate that Jhagrha village has observed least deterioration followed by Pump House colony. The air quality depreciation in the down wind direction of thermal power plants at a distance of 4-5 km in Pump House colony is less as compared to the places nearer to the industries, like Bhilai Basti, Manikpur colony, FCI and Kusmunda colony. Hence impact of coal mining and thermal power plant is being felt in these residential areas. T.T. Nagar, Korba town and Kusmunda Colony have shown significant degradation due to miscellaneous vehicular traffic, that is industrial vehicles and personal vehicles.

1 illus, 7 tables, 6 ref

010871   Purkait N N;De S;Sen S;Chakrabarty D K (S K Mitra Center, Institute of Radio Physics & Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 009, Email: dkchakrabarty@rediffmail.com) : Surface ozone and its precursors at two sites in the northeast coast of India. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2009, 38(2), 86-97.

Diurnal and seasonal behavior of surface ozone (O₃) at Kolkata (22.36°N, 88.24°E) and Haldia (22.05°N, 88.03°E), two tropical urban sites situated on the northeast coast of India, has been studied. The main sources of pollution at these two sites are a large number of small industries, oil refineries and thermal power plant in addition to heavy vehicular traffic. Along with O₃, the behavior of its precursors, viz. CO, NO_x (oxides of nitrogen) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) have also been studied. Diurnal and seasonal behavior of these species has been found to be different at different times of the year. During monsoon months, O₃ and its precursors do not show any diurnal variation. Distinct diurnal variation of O₃ is found only during October - March with maximum value around 1500 hrs LT. The minimum value of ozone is found around midnight. For CO and NO_x, distinct diurnal variations are found during October - February for Kolkata only, with minimum value around 1500 hrs LT and maximum value around midnight. The diurnal variation of these two species appears to be nearly identical. At Haldia, CO has a weak diurnal variation during November - February with maximum value at midnight and minimum value around 1500 hrs LT. At Haldia, for NO_x no diurnal variation is observed. NMHC does not show any distinct diurnal variation at any site but its value is highest during winter. Using a simplified 1D steady state photochemical scheme, an attempt has been made to reproduce the daytime winter ozone values for both the sites. While O₃ values at Kolkata could be reproduced to some extent, those at Haldia are very much underestimated. The effect of wind appears to be insignificant.

010870   Prakasam V R (Environmental Sciences Dep, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581) : Addressing drinking water issues of rural Kerala. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 799-803.

The people of Kerala who depend on well water and pipe water supply for domestic purposes, face the problem of water contamination throughout the year and water scarcity during summer. The former results from human activities and the latter from geographical conditions and utilization beyond sustainable level. The causes of reported water quality degradation include low pH, high iron content and high concentration of coliforms. Bacterial contamination is often highlighted. The state government has launched several programmes to tackle the situation. It includes extension of piped water supply, promotion of rainwater harvesting, 'varsha' and 'sujala' projects and legislations to check over-consumption of ground water. Still problems remain partly unsolved. Construction of small dams across rivers and multi district drinking water supply projects; decontamination of well water at household level using simple devices; and boiling of water to make it bacteria free are suggested as remedial measures.

10 ref

010869   Parashuram Ram;Singh A K (NO, , Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Beltron Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Shastri Nagar, Bailey Road, Patna-800 023) : Assessment of Ganga water and its bed sediments along Patna stretch. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 643-7.

The assessment of Ganga water and Its bed sediments was carried out along the Patna stretch. The water and bed sediments samples ware collected from the 3 different locations and analyzed by standard methods Physico-chemical characteristics of river water indicates that there is no harmful concentration in river water in the stretch. The BOD in the range of 1.3 to 2.2 mg/L indicates that organic load in the Ganga water along the Patna stretch is not alarming. The presence of higher population of microbial fauna indicates that water is contaminated and it cannot be used for organized bathing and as a source of drinking water without conventional treatment. The discharges of untreated sewage require restriction in order to maintain the wholesomeness and pristine quality of river Ganga. Heavy metals were not detected in the dissolved form in Ganga water along the study stretch. The reason may be the alkaline nature of Ganga water. The heavy metals can only leach in the acidic condition. On the other hand these were detected in the Ganga water as well as in bed sediments of river as total metals.

2 tables, 5 ref

010868   Navneet Kumar;Sinha D K;Rastogi G K (Chemistry Dep, K.G.K. (P.G.) College, Moradabad-244 001) : Underground drinking water contamination at Moradabad : a quantitative assessment. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 823-6.

Water quality index ( WQI ) for underground drinking water of India Mark II {IM2} hand pumps at Moradabad for 5 different sites which are deprived of other source of drinking water has been calculated with the help of estimated values of 13 different physico-chemical parameters and WHO drinking water quality standards. Drinking water was found to be severely contaminated at all the sites of study. People dependent on this water are prone to health hazards of contaminated drinking water and water quality management is urgently needed in the catchments area of stuªdy. Estimated higher values of different parameters verify the results of contamination on the baªsis of calculated values of water quality indices. Once again assessment of water quality on the bas's of WQI values is proved to be an effective tool.

4 tables, 7 ref

010867   Narasimha Prasad N B (NO, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode-673 571) : Conservation and management strategies of groundwater resources in Lakshadweep Island. J Instn Engrs-Pt AG 2008, 89(June), 10-13.

The major problem experienced by the islanders is the availability of fresh water for drinking purpose. Groundwater is the only source of fresh water for the islanders. The demand for groundwater is increasing every year due to growing population and urbanization. Proper understanding of the groundwater condition of this island is important in order to formulate future development and management strategies. It is in this context, principal hydrogeologic units, water table fluctuation patterns, general groundwater potential, present level of groundwater draft and water quality have been studied in the Kiltan island of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Groundwater occurs under phreatic condition. Depth of groundwater level varies from less than 1.0 m to 3.50 m, depending on the topography. The stage of groundwater development is 59 %. Though the island is categorized as 'safe' for future groundwater development, considering the delicate hydrogeologic condition, various groundwater management strategies such as rainwater harvesting, wise use of groundwater and artificial recharge have been suggested.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

010866   Nagarathna;Mahadeva J;Hosmani S P (Botany Dep, Government College for Woman, Mandya) : Trophic state indices and classification of lakes in Mandya district. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 830-2.

4 tables, 6 ref

010865   Muthulakshmi R;Bindhuja M D;Ravathi K; Saravanan R (P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008) : Induced effect of organophosphate pyrethroid combination in freshwater fish rohu (Labeo rohita). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 199-206.

Pesticides have shown to exert a wide range of metabolic, biochemical and behavioural changes in animals. In the present study, the fresh water edible carp, Labeo rohita was used to evaluate the combined toxicity and synergistic effect of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide and cypermethrin, synthetic pyrethroid insecticides widely used in agricultural fields. Labeo rohita was collected from Poondi, Tiruvallur district and acclimatized in the laboratory condition. The LC₅₀ value was found to be 0.05mg/L One tenth and one fifth of LC₅₀ were taken as sublethal concentration (0.005 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L) and the fishes were exposed to a period of 7 and 14 days. Biochemical parameters such as total free sugar, protein and lipid were analysed in gills, brain and liver of L.rohita and the results showed decrease in all the parameters as compared to the control. Enzyme activity taken in the present study includes acetylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, asparate and alanine aminotransferase. Enzyme activities also decreased in all the tissues as compared to that of control. Hence pesticides in a natural environment would affect the health of ecologically important organisms in natural water bodies indicating the need to protect environment and minimize pesticide application in agricultural fields.

4 illus, 23 ref

010864   Meenakumari H R (Geography and Environmental Studies Dep, Maharaja's College, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006) : Assessment of drinking water quality in borewells of Mysore city, Karnataka, India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 193-8.

Water quality of bore wells in and around Mysore City was carried out to assess the suitability of the water for drinking and domestic purposes. Physico-Chemical characteristics of ground water analysed in four (North, South, East and West) zones of Mysore City during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2002 and 2003 and the values obtained were compared with standards prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organisation (WHO). The Key parameter for drinking purpose is the Water Quality Index (WQI) calculated by taking eleven parameters for three seasons. Analysis of results showed that the samples of pre-monsoon season and post monsoon season were more polluted than monsoon. The Date indicates that 70% of the water sample are suitable for drinking and domestic purpose and 30% samples have vide variations in the suitability of water for drinking or domestic purposes.

5 tables, 9 ref

010863   Manimegalai M;Umavathi S;Binukumari S (Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 029) : Limnological studies of Ooty lake in Tamilnadu. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 427-33.

Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics of the Ooty lake were carried out for a period of one year from December 2005 to November 2006. The study was performed to determine the pollution status of the pond and to implement the measures of pollution control. The parameters analyzed include the physical parameters such as colour, transparency, atmospheric temperature, water temperature, suspended solids, dissolved solids and total solids. The chemical parameters were evaluated such as pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, DO, DCO₂, BOD, COD and nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, sulphate, phosphate, chloride and total hardness. The primary productivity of the Ooty lake was also analyzed.

5 tables, 47 ref

010862   Kulshreshtha S;Mathur N;Bhatnagar P (Environmental Molecular Microbiology unit, Zoology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004) : Seasonal analysis of sanganer handmade paper and cardboard industries effluent. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 373-78.

In this study seasonal changes in effluent quality parameters (physico-chemical) of handmade pulp and paper and cardboard industries, Amani Shah Drainage and connecting drain were investigated in three different season i.e. pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon to assess the suitability of effluent for discharge into the Amani Shah Drainage. Seasonal study of industrial effluent will be helpful in making strategies for preventing pollution. Parameters like pH, COD, BOD and colour were analyzed and compared. Variation in the above parameters will be helpful in deciding the dilution required for the treatment of effluent. Seasonal study emphasized that Amani Shah drainage has high pollution load during the monsoon season whereas handmade paper industry, cardboard industry drain and connecting drain has high pollution load during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season. Seasonal similarity of physico-chemical characteristics of handmade paper and cardboard industries were found with connecting drain but not with Amani Shah Drainage because drainage received the effluent of other industries such as textile and blue pottery industries. Connecting drain can be diverted towards the waste treatment plant for effluent treatment. This is necessary step to treat the industrial waste at industrial level because every industrial waste has different type of toxicity and physico-chemical characteristics due to the use of different types of chemicals.

2 tables, 14 ref

010861   Krishna G;Saha S K (NO, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (National remote Sensing Agency) 4, Dehradun-248 007) : Potential impact of co₂ elevation and temperature on plants and its mitigation options. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 327-30.

2 tables, 15 ref

010860   Kousar N;Puttaiah E T (Environmental Science Dep, Kuvempu University, Bio-Science Complex, Shankaraghatta-577 451) : Ecology of diatoms reflecting the water quality of the largest lake in Karnataka. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 835-7.

Deals with the study of the diversity and distribution of diatoms and some important physico-chemical parameters which have a profound influence on their periodicity and distribution. The study revealed that alkaline, pH, low concentration of silica and iron together with a high concentration of phosphates and a higher temperature favour the diatomic population.

1 illus, 20 ref

010859   Khan M A (Environmental Sciences Div, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir) : Chemical environment and nutrient fluxes in a flood-plain wetland ecosystem, Kashmir Himalayas, India. Indian For 2008, 134(4), 505-14.

Research findings are presented on the chemical environment and nutrient dynamics in Hokersar wetland ecosystem of Kashmir Himalayas (J&K). The water body is characterized by calcium-rich water and dominance of bicarbonate anion. The estimation of nutrient pools in principal components (water, sediments and macrophytes) indicates sediments as long-term major sink (> 99 %); the sequence being sediment> water> macrophytes. The sediment phosprorus-pool was estimated at 5,844 metric tonnes (99.6%). Almost similar trend was observed in the nitrogen pool, sediments held 8,195 metric tonnes (99.8 %) .The potassium pool in the sediment accounted for 30,883 metric tons (99.5%). Notwithstanding the nutrient removal potential of macrophytes and their bioremediation role in combating water pollution, sediments act as a major sink, holding key for sequestration and removal mechanism.

1 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

010858   Keerthy G;Hossain S M (Chemical Engineering Dep, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakari-623 806) : Bacterial metal reclamation of ground water in a three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 840-5.

The salinity (hardness, both temporary and permanent) of the ground water in general is due the presence of bicarbonates, chloride and sulphate salts of calcium (Ca⁺²), magnesium (MgM⁺²) and metal ions. Bacterial surfaces have great affinity to sorb and precipitate metals resulting in I metal concentration on bacterial surface. Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis biosorbes metallic ions from its aqueous solution. The present continuous investigations is undertaken to develop an effective bacterial treatment to remove saline causing metal ions using Bacillus subtilis in a three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor. Aerobic studies is conducted to optimize bioprocess parameters, such as treatment time, initial metallic ions loading (ppm), pH and flow rate using batch suspension culture of the bacteria. The optimum contact time is 6 hr and optimum pH is found to be 5.5. The optimum flow rate is 60 l/hr. The maximum desalination of metal ions present in the ground water is found as 87.25 w/w %, 88.26 w/w %, 87.59 w/w %, and 85.35 w/w % for Na⁺¹, Ca⁺², Mg⁺² and Fe⁺² ions at optimum bioprocess parameters in the fluidized bed bioreactor for GWS II sample, respectively.

6 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

010857   Kavita;Singh C K;Singh N (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, College of Home Science, Hisar-125 004) : Awareness about environmental pollution among rural children. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 883-6.

The study was conducted in rural area of Hisar district of Haryana. A sample of 120 children of primary and middle grade 4 schools of 2 villages were taken for the present study. To find out the existing level of awareness of selected young children regarding environmental pollution questionnaire cum interview schedule was prepared. Majority of the parents of the respondents wree illiterate and were engaged in laboring activities and having monthly income below Rs. 5000. Most of the families were having inadequate house and public facilities and had less religious beliefs and the influence of media was also less. The obtained data showed that the awareness of the respondents regarding air, water, soil, noise, flora and fauna was higher after the existing level of awareness of the respondent regarding environment pollution was less. They were less aware about air, soil, flora and fauna and noise pollution but their awareness was better in case of water pollution.

1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

010856   Karunakaran V;Ramalingam A (Physics Dep, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Physico-chemical analysis of ground waters for evalution of drinking water quality around Ariyalur district in Tamilnadu. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 277-80.

The physico-chemical parameters of three different ground water samples of bore wells around Ariyalur district, Tamilnadu have been analysed regarding their suitability for useable purpose. The samples were analysed for various physico-chemical parameters like Appearance, Odour, Turbidity, TDS, Electrical conductivity, pH, Alkalinity total, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron, Free ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Phosphate and Tidy's test. The result reveals that most of the physico-chemical parameters were reported within permissible limits except sample 2.

1 table, 8 ref

010855   Kamaraj M;Karunakaran V;Selvakumaran R (Physics Dep, G.N.B. Higher Sceondary School, Chidambaram-608 001) : Quality of drinking water in Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 269-72.

The Physico-chemical parameters of five different water samples from Cuddalore districts, Tamilnadu have been analysed regarding their suitability for usable purpose. The samples were analysed for various parameters like Appearance, Odour, Turbidity, TDS, EC, pH, Alkalinity total, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Free ammonia, Nitrate, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Phosphate and Tidy's test. The result reveals that most of the Physico-chemical parameters were reported within permissible limits.

1 table, ref

010854   Kalaivani D;Malarvizhi R;Santhi R;Srimathi S;Pattabiraman R (Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College, Post Graduate and Research Dep of Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli-620 002) : Anti-corrosion studies on carbon steel for environmental protection. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 939-41.

The samples of carbon steel used in making boiler have been subjected to anti-corrosion studies using different passivation media. The aqueous systems, such as (i) sodium carbonate solution, (ii) disodium hydrogenphosphate and trisodium phosphate solution, (iii) ammonia and hydrazine solution and (iv) sodium nitrite solution have been selected to investigate the passivation properties. From the study, the effective passivator and the optimum conditions for passivation have been fixed.

2 tables, 6 ref

010853   Jaymati Devi L;Suresh Singh M;Mema Devi W (Zoology Dep, G.P. Women's College, Imphal-795 001) : Investigation on water quality parameters on some selected freshwater bodies of Imphal district, Manipur. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 247-9.

The water samples from freshwater bodies of 10 different ponds of Imphal district were studied. Some of the water samples was found suitable for drinking as well as other purposes but some area was found beyond permissible standard limit when compared with value for drinking water given by WHO, BIS and ICMR.

2 tables, 6 ref

010852   Jayaraj S S;Vincent S;Sulthana M (Unit of Environmental Health and Biotechnology, P.G. and research Depa, Loyola College, Chennai-600 005, ) : Impact of lead on acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the tissue of fresh water cat fish (Clarias batrachus). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 61-4.

The present study deals with the effects of lead on the Acid phosphatase and alkaline phaspatase activity of various tissues like gill, muscle and liver in the fresh water Clarias batrachus (Cat fish). Fishes were treated with heavy metal for 10 days in water containing subleathal concentration of lead (0.08 and 0.10 mg/L). The observations indicate that there was a decline in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity of lead treated tissues in the fish.

2 tables, 17 ref

010851   Gupta J;Chandrawat M P S (Chemistry Dep, R.R. (P.G.) College, Alwar-301 001) : Changes in the concentration of problematic chemical parameters in ground water in Alwar with lapse of time. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 838-9.

Comparison of investigated data with available old data of chemical parameters (pH, CI^-, NO_a^-, F^-, TDS, TH ) present in the ground water in Alwar ( the district of Rajasthan in the National Capital Region and a part of Jaipur division ) city reveals that the concentretion of the chemical parameters show increase in most of the cases with index of time. The acute health probles associated chemical constituents are arising primarily from their ability to cause adverse cumulative effects after prolonged consumption of the polluted water.

1 table, 6 ref

010850   Gupta H K;Gupta K;Singh P;Sharma R C (Devi Ahilya Univ, School of Future Studies and Planning (Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Khandwa Road, Indore-452 017) : Indore air quality-an evaluation. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 926-34.

Air quality indices {AQ1) are important to decision makers for Implementation of various air pollution controi strategies. In this study, the general features of AQI are described. A case study of regional area is illustrated through computation technique of an AQI. Similarly, air quality assessment (AQA) is another important approach to decision makers for implementation of various air pollution control strategies. In this study, the general features of AQA are described. A case study of regional area is illustrated through computation technique of an AQA with respect to exceedan-ce factor (EF). The study revealed that the SPMl in the areas of Indore has reached the critical level since last 7 year and in-betwean 1991-1993, 2000 and 2005 interval depicts exact correlation and intepretation. The rapid urbanization, industrialization in Indore is consequent haphazard for growth of the city, and it is a global phenomsnon. The air quality index assessed values obtained for various areas are feed back for effective pollution control measures adopted for reduction of emissions from various sources. The observed values show a increasing trends of SPM, which reflects more improvement of air quality is required for the study area.

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

010849   Gopinath G;Seralathan P (NO, Centre for Water Resources Development and Managemenbt, Kozhikode-673 571) : Long-term variability of groundwater level in the hard rock crystalline terrains of a central Kerala river basin. J Instn Engrs-Pt AG 2008, 89(June), 47-53.

The studies on long-term groundwater level fluctuations of an area help for future management and sustainable development of the groundwater resources. The Muvattupuzha river basin of central Kerala is characterised by highly lateritised hard rock crystalline terrain having large number of dug wells and bore wells with an annual rainfall of 3100 mm. The analysis of long-term water level changes (1992 - 2001), revealed that the maximum value of water level fluctuation is 3.45 m whereas the minimum is 0.03 m with a mean value of 1.35 m. The average elevation of water table in this basin ranges from 5.97 m above mean sea level (aMSL) to 637.5 m aMSL. The groundwater flow has a greater influence on topography and is Well evident in digital terrain model (DEM). But it is well evident that the well hydrographs show increasing water level or more or less steady water level, indicating the good phreatic aquifer condition. Compared to any other hard rock crystalline basin in central Kerala, the Muvattupuzha basin experience a low level of fluctuation indicating the consistency of groundwater storage. Further, this study reveals that steady long-term water level in the basin is also due to uniform rate of rainfall

6 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

010848   Ghosh D;Deb A;Sengupta R;Bera S;Sahoo S R; Haldar S;Patra K K (Physics Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Nuclear and Particle Physics Research Centre, Kolkata-700 032) : Seasonal variation of radon in active and non-active tectonic zone of West Bengal. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(10), 900-4.

Radon isotopes occur in the decay series of uranium and thorium which is omnipresent in varying concentration in different places. The emanation of radon from soil or rock depends on several factors, like geological or meteorological conditions. A study on seasonal variation of radon concentration in soil gas using SSNTD (solid state nuclear track detector) have been studied at Kolkata -geologically non-active fault zone and also at Jaipaiguri -an active fault zone, West Bengal, during Sept 06 - Aug 07. It was found that during rainy season average radon concentration, as measured by SSNTD, was lowest both at Kolkata and at Jalpaiguri -though the radon concentration was 28 times higher at Jalpaiguri than that at Kolkata. During summer (May) radon concentration was found to be highest at Kolkata, whereas at Jalpaiguri, it was highest in autumn (September).

3 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

010847   Garg S S (NO, Prakash Industries Limited, Champa, Janjgir Champa-495 671) : Seasonal fluctuation of physico-chemical parameters of river Hasdeo, Champa. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(9), 820-2.

Physico-chemical characteristics of river Hasdeo, at Champa. Seasonal variation in pH, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total solids, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chamical oxygen demand in river waters have been discussed.

2 tables, 8 ref

010846   Edwin James J (Botany and Research Centre Dep, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-629 003) : Effect of tsunami on the algal vegetation at Idinthakarai coast, southeast Tamilnadu. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 35-7.

The effect of tsunamic waves on the distribution of marine macroalgae at Idinthakarai coast was studied on 31st December 2004 i.e. after tsunami which occurred on 26th December 2004 and the results obtained were compared with the work done earlier from the same coast in 2003. A total of 22 algal species belonging to Chlorophyta (10), Phaeophyta (6) and Rhodophyta (6) were recorded during the month of December 2003. But the number of algal species recorded in December 2004 was 6, 3 and 2 for Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta respectively with about 66.6% reduction in Red algae and 40 to 50% reduction in the other two groups of algae.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

010845   Dutta S;Meena M K (Environmental Studies Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati Univ, Ajmer-305 009) : Air quality status selected locations in Ajmer city, Rajasthan. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 111-14.

Study for assessing the air quality status is elaborated for Ajmer city. Urbanization and industrialization have resulted in deterioration of ambient air quality of most of Indian cities. In this study air quality monitoring was carried out in Ajmer city at eighteen sites in five zones namely residential zone, traffic zone, industrial zone, sensitive and commercial zone, with an aim to assess the ambient air quality with reference to suspended particulate matter (SPM), Oxides of sulphur (SOx) and Oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Ambient air quality data at different location of Ajmer reveal that level of SPM and NOx is significantly higher than the norms prescribed by CPCB (1996). However, the level of SO₂ is within the specified limits. The average lower and upper limits of air pollutants at different locations observed for SPM were. 74.69 μg/m³ to 493.06 μg/m³ for SO₂ were, 5.61 μg/m³ to 31.20 (μg/m³ and for NOx were 22.37 (μg/m³ to 132.82μg/m³.

1 table, 8 ref

010844   Deka G;Bhattacharyya K G (Chemistry Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014) : Heavy metal intrusion into drinking water and rice near close vicinity of a textile mill. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 638-42.

The textile mill run by the Assam Polyester Co-operative Society Limited ( APOL ) is situated at Rangia, Kamrup district of Assam, have installed capacity for producing 8000 m cloth per day. The western side of the mill is a vast agricultural land and scattered human population is there in far northern and southern side of the mill. The eastern side of the mill contains the main road for communication. The mill releases its effluents into the agricultural land in the western side of the mill. Our present study was undertaken to assas the impact of the textile mill on drinking water quality and rice ( Oryza Sativa L. ) grown in that area in terms of heavy metal contents. for that we have studied Pb, Cd, Fe, Al, Mn in drinking water aad Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn in rice grown in that area. The study also includes a control sample for both water and rice to compare the affected area by the mill and a non-polluting site. The finding of study in each case reveals high amount of the metal in drinking water and rice which Indicate discharge of mill waste to the surrounding had contributed raise level of heavy metals near the mill.

4 tables, 28 ref

010843   Cyril W;Shibu Joseph S T;Mathew B;Sharma B S (Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam-691 001) : Assessemt of pollution status of the marine environment in the vicinity of a titanium dioxide factory in Kollam (quilon), south-west coast of India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 219-24.

The pollution status of the marine environment in the vicinity of a Titanium dioxide factory namely Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd (KMML) in Kollam, Southern Kerala Coast of India, was assessed. Marine water sampling was conducted during the pre-monsoon period (February - May) of 2003 and 2004 from the 0 km, 2 km and 5 km westward zone at Kovilthottam and the parameters like sea water temperature, pH, DO (mg/L), turbidity (NTU), salinity (%₀),zooplankton (no/m³H and salinity lower than at the other sampling stations. Dissolved oxygen was lowest at zero km zone, the mean value being 2.9 mg/L at 4 m depth and 3.1 mg/L at the surface, where as at the other sampling stations the values were > 4 mg/L. The zooplankton no/m³ recorded was 405 in the surface water at the zero km zone and phytoplankton cell nos/L was 948 in the surface water of the zero km zone whereas at other sampling stations the values were much higher, the highest value of zooplankton recorded in the Kollam Coast was 1321 no/m and Phytoplankton 3002 cell nos/L. The concentration of iron showed a mean value of 4600 ig/L in the bottom water of the zero km zone, and 4500 ig/L in the surface water whereas at other stations the values were comparatively much lower. The metals Cr, Mn, Pb and Cd were also estimated and found to be relatively higher in the zero km zone of Kovilthottam compared to the other sites. From the present study we observe environmental degradation in the marine environment of the zero km zone adjacent to effluent disposal of Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd (KMML), beyond which no chemical or biological signature of TiO₂ effluent disposal is felt.

3 tables, 19 ref

010842   Cyril W;Sharma B S (Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam-691 001) : Bacteriological assessment of the marine environment of kollam (quilon), southern Kerala coast of India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 213-18.

Indicator bacteria total coliform and E.coli were enumerated in the marine environment of Kollam Coast, Kerala during the period June 2003 to May 2005 from the four sites Chavara, Neendakara, Tangasseri and Paravur on a monthly basis from the surface water. In addition, the population of total coliforms, E.coli, Fecal coliform, Shigella like organisms, Salmonella like organisms and Proteus and Klebsiella like organisms was examined twice during the study period from the surface water, bottom water and from the sediment of the four sites of study during the peak of monsoon in July 2003 and July 2004. The highest prolifera tion of microbes were at Neendakara nearshore where the most probable number MPN/100 ml of total coliform was 34800 and E.coli. 4260 during the monsoon. It was followed by Tangasseri near shore region where the values were 18600 MPN/100 ml of total coliform and 1302.50 MPN/100ml of E.coli. Paravur was found to be a microbially less contaminated zone and Chavara a clean zone. The offshore areas are not microbially contaminated which lead us to conclude that human activities which include activities at the fishing harbours, solid waste disposal and sewage accumulation lead to microbial contamination in the Kollam Coast.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

010841   Christoper Lourduraj A;Joseph S (Environmental Sciences Dep, Water Technology Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003) : Compositing of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms.) - changes in PH, EC and organic carbon. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 29-32.

An experiment on composting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms.) was undertaken at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, to study the effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM), TNAU compost consortium and cowdung slurry. The results revealed that treatment with TNAU microbial consortium is the best option for converting water hyacinth into compost as it resulted in comcompost with superior properties i.e., lower pH, lower EC and lower organic carbon, indicating more efficient oxidation of organic carbon by the microorganisms present in microbial consortium.

1 table, 3 ref

010840   Chinu;Mehta M;Garg S R;Sehgal B (Family Resource Management Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, College of Home Science, Hisar-125 004) : Water quality assessment of rural Hisar. Indian J envir Prot 2008, 28(7), 654-57.

Study was conducted te assess the water quality of rural Hisar. Main source of drinking water in both villages was waterworks other sources were tubewell, handpump and cannel water. Tube-well was considered as the best source for drinking water by majority of the respondents followed by waterworks (29.2 %). Both the villages of Hisar district were suffering from the scarcity of potable water. Bacteriological analysis of drinking water collected from the sources being used by the respondent families was not as per standards given by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Laboratory findings also confirmed that selected families were consuming non potable water. During last 2 year maximum of respondents ware suffering from diarrhoeal diseases, followed by vomiting (57.5 %), abdominal pain and jaundice (34.2 % each), cholera (20.0 %) and lastly typhoid (14.2 %). Scarcity of water also forcad people to consume non water from unhygienic sources.

4 tables, 8 ref