016811   Azad L T;Sari A E;Tavabe K R (Environmental Science Dep, Young Researcher Club Member of Arak, Iran, Email: ltaheriazad@yahoo.com) : Determination of rest-oil pollution (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in surface water of three internationl wetlands of Iran. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 310-20.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occur in the environment as complex mixtures resulting from natural and anthropogenic pyrolysis of organic matter during forest fires, fossil fuel utilization, and chemical manufacture. Several PAH have been classified as probable or possible human carcinogens. Sixteen un substituted PAHs, some of which are considered as being possible or probable human carcinogens, have been listed by the environmental protection agency of the USA (USEPA) as priority pollutants. According to effects of these compounds on human this study for the first time is necessary in Iran. In this study sixteen 2-5 rings compound determined and compared. Water samples from 3 international wetlands (Alagol, Almago and Agigol), were taken monthly during two season (summer and autumn) from province Golestan in order to investigate PAHs pollutions in surface of water. In this survey after transferring samples to laboratory and processing, they were analyzed by GC-1000 (Dany model). Determination and revelation were done with FID (flame ionization detector) detector that is suitable for organic compounds with aromatic rings. Extraction method in this survey was SPE (Solid-phase extraction), The results of this study indicated that the mean concentrations of total PAHs compounds during the summer and autumn in these wetlands were 0/112 μg/L and 0/019 μg/L respectively which was the highest amount detected in Alagol and Almagol wetlands in july because of increasing consumption of fossil fuels in this area. Also Naphthalene, Benzo (b) fluoranthene and Benzo (k) fluoranthene compounds have maximum levels in Alagol and Almagol wetlands in summer respectively. Where a Benzo (k) fluoranthene compound has maximum levels in these wetlands in autumn (mean: 0/367 ug/L). On the other hand, during the season study the mean values of PAHs in comparison with the US EPA permissible levels for fresh waters were significantly less than the standards during this time zone.

2 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

016810   Avvannavar S M;Shrihari S;Virupaksha K (Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, Email: santoshnitk@rediffmail.com) : Comparative study of different water quality indices for Netravathi river (India). J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 142-54.

A Comparison of different water quality indices (WQIs) for the river Nerravathi has been made using six water quality parameters at various stations located in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, South India. Rating curves were drawn based on the tolerance limits of inland waters and health point of view. Different WQI methods such as weighted, unweighted Arithmetic indices and Solway index were used to find overall WQI along the stretch of the river basin. Five point rating scale was used to classify water quality in each of the study areas. Comparative studies would show the difference in the water quality indices based for the same data. It was observed that the influence of human activity was manifested on most of the water quality parameters. The MPN values exceeded the tolerable limits at almost all the stations. It was observed that the main cause of deterioration in water quality was due to the lack of proper sanitation, unprotected river sites and high anthropogenic activities.

4 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

016809   Arun Kumar K;Prakash S M (Environmental Engineering Dep, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Gokulam 3rd stage, Mysore, Karnataka, Email: khalliarun@yahoo.co.in) : Color removal using arecanut peels as an adsorbent. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 173-9.

The work alms at finding out the effectiveness of color removal using arecanut peels as an activated carbon. Commercial activated carbon is costly and uneconomical. This has necessitated the development of cheaper carbonaceous materials. Although various materials are used in the production of activated carbons abundant availability and low cost of agricultural by-products make them good source of raw materials for activated carbon. The arecanut peels activated carbon was prepared in the laboratory by carbonization followed by activation. The batch adsorption studies were carried on the simulated samples prepared using malachite green dye in the laboratory under varied conditions like contact time, pH, dosage of adsorbent and various concentrations of adsorbate. Form the batch study, it was found that the arecanut peels activated carbon dosage of 0.5g/l is optimum as it removes 91.8% of the dye at pH 10 for a contact time of 35 minutes for dye concentration of 5mg/l. The sorption data follow Langmuir model as well as Freundlich model. Results in this study indicated that powdered arecanut peels activated carbons was an attractive candidate for removing dyes from dye wastewater.

6 illus, 9 ref

016808   Arulmozhi M;Meera Sherifa Begum K M; Anantharaman N (Petrochemical Technology Dep, Anna Univ, Trichy, Andhra Pradesh, Email: m_arulmozhi@yahoo.co.in) : Foam separation of copper (II) from aqueous solutions. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 217-25.

Many methods are available for the separation of liquid mixtures and metal ions. Among them, foam separation technique holds great promise especially when the concentrations involved is very low. The basis for the separation is the surface adsorption phenomena. The success of this technique depends on the stability and characteristics of foam. The operation is simple with less maintenance as there are no moving parts. A fundamental study about the selective foam fractionation of Cu(II) metal ion was carried out with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as foaming agent using synthetic aqueous solutions. The effect of air flow rate, liquid pool height, pH and concentration of feed solution were varied to study the performance on enrichment factor in foam separation and the enrichment ratio. The experiments were carried out to optimize the various parameters for effective separation of Cu (II) ions. From these studies it has been observed that as the height of the liquid pool increases, the separation factor also increases which is due to the fact that the residence time of bubble in the liquid pool is more. As the concentration of the bulk solution is reduced, the surface tension increases and in turn the separation factor increases. As the flow rate of air increases from 1.0 to 2.0 LPM, the separation factor decreases. The enrichment ratio is observed to be high when ever the foam is dry.

6 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

016807   Anandakrishnan B;Sheik Dawood M;Soundarrajan M;Jebaraj S;Pushpavalli R (NO, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College & Research Institute, Trichy, Email: b.anandakrishnan@yahoo.co.in ) : Recycling distillery effluent for sugarcane cultivation and its impact on yield and soil properties. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(4), 349-56.

Field experiments were conducted with sugarcane crop in sandy loam and clay loam soil types to study the effect of post bio-methanated distillery effluent (PME) on soil properties and yield of sugarcane during 2004 - 2005. The PME was applied at different dilutions viz., 1:10T, 1:20T, 1:30T, 1:40T and 1:50T in four splits from 45th day after planting in 40 days interval. The PME applied along with irrigation water at different dilutions significantly increased the sugarcane yield over the control and the highest cane yield of 121 ha^{-1 in the 1:10T dilution treatment and 1471 ha-1 in the 1:20T dilution treatment were obtained in the sandy loam and clay loam soil textures respectively. There is no significant difference observed in the commercial cane sugar percentage due to PME application. The soil analysis revealed that the pH and EC of the soil has less significantly increased due to PME application in both the soils. The organic carbon and available NPK content of the soil has significantly increased in both the soil types when compared to the control. Both in sandy loam and clay loam soils the 1:10T dilution treatments have recorded the highest organic carbon and available NPK when compared to the other dilution treatments and the control. The applied PME has not only supplied and enriched the sugarcane soils with rich nutrients resulting in significant yield increase but has also substituted for 25 % of N and P fertilizers and 100 % of K fertilizer to sugarcane.}

2 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

016806   Alhossny A A;Avudainayagam S (Environmental Sciences Dep, TNAU, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: amhtnau@hotmail.com) : Kinetics of Cr(III) oxidation in dominant soils of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 417-20.

Chromium has attained wide public and regulatory attention because of its toxicity to environmental ecosystem under certain oxidation state. An investigation was carried out with the main focus to find out whether irrigation of low concentration of Cr (III) containing treated tannery effluent to dominant soils of Coimbatore district favor oxidation of non-toxic Cr (III) to toxic Cr (VI). Significant transformation of Cr (III) to Cr (VI) in both soil types clearly indicate, that there was within shorter period of time. When the equilibration time, in batch study, was increased beyond 24 hours the oxidation of Cr (III) to Cr (VI) decreased which may be due to reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) and adsorption of Cr (III) to nil minerals under the favorable soil pH conditions. Although the maximum concentration of water soluble Cr (VI) was only 5.3% of the spiked Cr (III) concentration at 5 mg L^{-1 the concentration of soluble Cr (VI) of 0.27 mg L-1 was beyond the critical limit of 0.05 mg L-1 for drinking water. Therefore it is essential imperative to exercise caution in the continuous application of Cr (III) containing tannery waste water to soils.}

^ssc2 illus, 6 ref

016805   Alam M Z;Kabbashi N A;Ismail M H (Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit (BERU), Biotechnology Engi, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic Univ Malaysia, (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: zahangir@iiu.edu.my) : Direct bioconversion of agriultural waste-rice straw in to bioethanol. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 118-21.

Bioethanol production was carried out by solid state bioconversion method utilizing lignocellulosic material, rice straw (RS) as substrate with the aid of mixed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, T. harzianum and P. chrysosporium. The mixed culture of the microorganisms was established to investigate their compatibility for direct bioconversion of rice straw into bioethanol. The results indicated that the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fungal strains T. harzianum, and P. chrysosporium were found to be the most suitable strains for the ethanol production using rice straw as major substrate. From the observation and estimation of ethanol yield, T. harzianum and S. cerevisiae are mutually grows together in liquid and solid media and proved to be excellent in producing ethanol compared to other combinations. The highest production of bioethanol found as 10.1 % on the sixth day where the highest reading was recorded for the combination of P. chrysosporium, T. harzianum and S. cerevisiae. The other parameters glucosamine content as growth indicator, reducing sugar released and the pH were measured to evaluate the bioconversion process.

5 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

016804   Aguilar Felicitos N;Smith K (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Mapua Institute of Technology, Manila, Philippines) : Eco-friendly approach to remove arsenic from agricultural waste. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(4), 331-41.

Reports the unexploited property of the seed powder of the multidimensional plant (Moringa oleifera Lamarck) as a bioremedial approach for the removal of two environmentally important oxidation states of arsenic (arsenite, As (III) and arsenate, As(V) from water bodies. The efficiency of the desorption of the metals from loaded biosorbent for the reusability of the biosorbent has also been examined.

5 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

015676   Zutshi B;Raghu Prasad  G (Zoology Dep, Jnana Bharathi, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560 056, Email: bela_zutshi@yahoo.co.in) : Impact of pollution of fresh- and marine water resources. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 461-6.

Asia-pacific Marine resources are economically important to most countries. It is the centre for global mariculture. But, now, it has become a major cause of concern as this area is continuously being exposed to heavy pollution and increase in fish catch using destructive fishing techniques. Although marine pollution due to discharge from river heavily contaminated with municipal sewage and untreated industrial effluents dumping of land based solid waste into sea, accidental oil spills and increased use of pesticides and fertilizer are becoming evident, level of pollution in coastal waters is still manageable. Many countries of Asia-Pacific region have joined various international and national agreements to resolve the problem. Satellite imageries and information available with Survey of India indicates that most of the 2700 lakes in Bangalore Metropolitan Region have dried up. Over the years, Urbanization has claimed some of the lakes. Karnataka is among the priority area under a pioneering project to conserve lakes in the country. National River Conservation Directorate, Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) arid National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) aim at an integrated approach to restore and protect lakes. Signs and consequences of human activity is found everywhere on the earth. The impact of aquatic pollution on lakes and marine environment is discussed.

^iia3 illus, 6 ref

015675   Venkatrayulu C;Kala Rani V;Reddy D C; Ramamurthi R (Animal Science and Dairy Science Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar, MaharashtraFishery Science and Aquaculture Dep) : Bio-adsorption of copper(II) by aquatic weed plants Hydrilla and pistia. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 82-5.

Heavy metals are some of the major environmental pollutants released into water as a result of industrial processing. These are toxic and non-biodegradable. The contaminated waters and soils pose major environmental, agriculture and human health problems worldwide. These problems may be partially mitigated through "Phytoremediation". A biotechnological process over-ruling chemical technologies. Phytoremediation is also most applicable for aquatic pollution because of its cost effectiveness, aesthetic and long term applicability. In the present study bio-adsorption studies were carried out in both Hydrilla and Pistia sp. with three different initial Copper (II) concentrations (i.e. 5ppm, l0ppm, 15ppm). Triplicates were maintained in each concentration by using 3 L capacity plastic tubs. Water samples were collected every 24hr interval over a period of 10 day exposure. Samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pistia showed the maximum removal percentage of copper on day 9 and Hydrilla on day 7 of exposure at 5 ppm concentration. Increase in the concentration decreased the removal percentage in both plants. Morphological observations and plant growth also varied at varying concentrations and exposure duration. Heavy metal removal efficiency was higher (P

2 tables, 17 ref

015674   Varghese J;Jaya D S (Environmental Sciences Dep, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581) : Assessment of the bacteriological quality of groundwater around the sewage farm in Muttathara-Valiathura area. Thiruvanathapuram district. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 430-4.

Studies on the bacteriological quality of groundwater samples around the sewage farm in Muttathara-Valiathura area of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala was conducted during post-monsoon (November 2007) and pre-monsoon (April 2008) seasons. The groundwater samples were collected from 13 open wells and 3 bore wells, and the total coliforms and faecal coliforms count were determined by MPN method. The results showed that the total and fecal coliform count recorded in all the ground water samples were above the standard permissible limits for drinking water as described by WHO. Therefore, the present study revealed that there is deterioration in the quality of the groundwater in the surroundings of the sewage farm and it is unfit for consumption without proper treatment.

3 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

015673   Tripathi I P;Richhariya N;Tamrakar S (Engineering Chemistry Dep, Vindhya Institute of Technology and Science, Satna-485 002) : Ground water chemical characteristics of Satna district rural areas with special reference to fluoride concentration. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 445-50.

The chemical quality of ground water in two tehsils of Satna, that is Sohawal and Majhgawan was studied based on the analysis of 22 water samples. The higher values of certain parameters at certain locations indicate the contamination in groundwater and make the water unsuitable for various applications. It was also seen that fluoride concentration was higher in some sampling stations, which is also seen in other tehsils of the district.

2 tables, 18 ref

015672   Tavallali H;Asrari E;Zarifian Hoveida S (NO, Payame Noor University (PNU), Iran, Email: tavallali@pnu.ac.ir) : Comparison of decolorization in textile wastewater by solar light and ultraviolet radiation. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 545-8.

Wide range of methods have been developed for the removal of synthetic dye from waters and wastewaters to decrease their impact on environment. Decolorization by oxidation can be used as one method for improving the quality of textile wastewater. In research used solar light and UV radiation are used as decolorizing agent. Also the effect of them has been investigated in presence of H202 and in different pH. For this work, diluted samples, solution of blue, red and yellow dyes were put under UV radiation and solar light in quartz cells for certain time. Then the percentage of color removal in maximum wavelength of each dyes have been measured. The results have showed that blue and red dyes had maximum and minimum of decolorization percentage, 100% and 97.3%, respectively with UV light at 30 minuets in presence of 0.5 M H₂O₂. By using solar radiation for samples can be seen that the maximum percentage of decolorization, 98.6, in presence of 0.5 M H₂O₂ which happened for blue dye after 2 hours. The color removal of red dye was best minimum under those conditions of decolorization for both methods was achieved when pH was 2. Determinations of COD showed 40%, 31% and 16% decline from initial COD of red, blue and yellow dyes respectively.

6 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

015671   Tambekar D H;Wankhade S J;Yadav S D;Tambekar S D (P.G. Microbiology Dep, S.G.B. Amravati University, Amravati-444 602) : Correlation of antibiotics resistance profiling of E.coli and source of fecal pollution in water. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 507-10.

Determination of source of fecal pollution in rural water by the use of antibiotic resistance profiling is promising and the patterns of MAR in different animal populations vary according to the types and quantities of agent used. In the study, a total of 260 water samples from Akola and Buldhana district were analyzed for water quality and detection of thermotolerant coliform (E. coli), and determined antibiotic resistance analysis from salinity affected villages of Puma River basin of Vidarbha and 243 (95%) water samples were found contaminated by MTFT and 75 (29%) by MFT. Study indicated that the animals were the major source, however Man was also significant contributor of water contamination. Hence, attributor to poor sanitation, low level of hygienic sanitary conditions and irregular disinfections by the local people needed to change their behaviors and adopt better sanitation and hygienic practices and avoids open defecation to prevalent fecal pollution in water sources.

2 tables, 20 ref

015670   Swarna Latha P;Nageswara Rao K;Jagannadha Rao M;Hari Krishna M (Geography Dep, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in greater Visakhapatnam municipal corporation (GVMC), Andhra Pradesh. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 399-406.

The physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater samples from selected bore wells in Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) area have been studied. A total of 50 samples were collected in the month of May during the year 2005. The samples were analyzed for various water quality parameters by adopting APHA standard methods and the parameters were compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards. Most of groundwater samples analyzed showed that the area is under hard water category. Some of the samples are showing high TOS values which are mainly due to the seepage of surface water from the open drains in the study area. This study would helpful to local authorities for taking remedial measures to control the groundwater pollution.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

015669   Sunitha V;Ramakrishna Reddy M;Sudarsana Raju G (Geoinformatics Dep, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa-516 003) : Fluoride contamination in groundwater of Uravakonda and its correlation with other water quality parameters, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 451-60.

Water is essential natural resource for sustaining life and environmental which we have always thought to be available in abundance and free gift of nature. Groundwater forms a major source of drinking water in urban as well as in rural areas. More than 90% of the rural population uses groundwater for domestic purposes. Occurrence of fluorine in groundwater has drawn world-wide attention due to its considerable impact on human physiology. In this view fluoride contamination study has been carried out in Uravakonda mandai of Anantapur -district, Andhra Pradesh. Various other quality parameters, such as pH, electriªcal conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TOS), carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides, sulphates and nitrate concentrations were also analyzed. The fluoride concentration in the study area varies from 0.5 to 6.0 mg/L. Granite gneisses and associated secondary vein filling minerals may be the source of high fluoride in groundwater. Further arid climate of the region and long resiªdence time of groundwater in aquifer are also responsible for the concentration of fluoride. Attempts have been made to correlate the fluoride concentration with various physicoªchemical parameters. Fluoride concentrations are significantly correlated with pH, EC, TH, Na, HCO₃ concentrations and negatively correlated with Ca^{2+ and Mg2+.}

8 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

015668   Sundaram C S;Sukumar R;Meenakhsi S (Chemistry Dep, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram-624 302) : Defluoridation of drinking water using pink kaolin. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 385-91.

Pink kaolin (PK) having high FeO content was processed and batch defluoridation studies were carried out. The effect of contact time, pH and in presence of other coexisting anions on the defluoridation capacity (DC) of PK were studied and the conditions were optimized. The functional groups present in the sorbent were identified by FTIR. The applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was tested. Thermodynamic parameters, like ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to understand the nature of adsorption.

4 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

015667   Sukla K N;Singh V P;Sinha S C;Singh P P (NO, A. N. College, Patna) : Bacterial contamination in some urban pond's water of Gaya (Bihar). Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 181-4.

The total population of coliform bacteria has been found very high. The number of coli from bacteria has been found varing from 600-1600/100 ml. for Dighi pond and 1200-2000/100 ml. for Visar pond during the period of investigation. Dighi pond has been found to be contaminated with E. Coli where as Visar pond with Escherichia Coli and Salmonella typhi.

2 tables, 13 ref

015666   Srinivas P;Pradeep Kumar G N;Prabhakar Chowdary P;Pavan Kumar K (Civil Engineering Dep, R.V.R. & J.C. College of Engineering, Door No. 5-87-54, Chandramouli Nagar 6th Lane, Guntur-522 007, Email: srinivas7_pasupuleli@yahoo.co.in) : Ground water recharge through rainwater harvesting and studying bariation in water quality. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 503-6.

Water is the elixir of life, plays an important role in the wealth of nation particularly in a country like India, which is predominately an agricultural dependent economy. Rainfall is the major means by which fresh water is made available. As the utility increases to many folds, availability of water has become a scarce commodity. Hence utilization of rain water is gaining significance, otherwise wastes into ocean. To meet the growing population demands rainwater harvesting is the need of the hour. The study area was a site in Kathacheruvu Village, Anantapur District. Past rainfall records were collected and annual rainfall was computed. Water levels in the open wells and bore wells near the site were measured at suitable intervals during pre and post monsoon season. Physico-Chemical Analysis of the groundwater samples was carried out during pre and post monsoon season. A rain water harvesting structure i.e. check dam was designed and constructed. Water levels were increased by and large due to construction of check dam as visualized from the depth of water level records. It was observed that the influence of check dam is more on bore wells near to it and its influence gradually decreases with distance. There was no significant change in the quality of water due to construction of check dam and ground water in this area is safe for drinking. It was also observed that for every 5 m rise of water level, power required is reduced to half. If energy conserved is appreciated as energy produced in a society starving of resources, a lot more can be done to future generations in the form of economic savings.

3 tables, 17 ref

015665   Sondhia S (NO, National Research Centre for Weed Science, Maharajpur, Jabalpur-482 004) : Evaluation of leaching potential of butachlor in clay soil. Geobios 2009, 36(4), 249-52.

Leaching of butachlor in clay soil at two application rates viz. 1.0 and 2.0 kg ha^{-1, respectively was evaluated under laboratory conditions with simulated continuous rainfall of 200 mm. Butachlor contents at various soil depths (0-30 cm) were analyzed chemically by GC, which was found distributed at all the soil depths and maximum concentration of butachlor was recovered from 0-4 cm. Results indicate that butachlor could leach in clay loam soil upto the depth of 24 cm in continuous 200 mm rainfall conditions.}

1 illus, 1 table

015664   Sonawane Y;Saler R S (Botany Dep, M.S.G. College, Malegaon Camp, Nashik-423 105) : Water quality of reservoir at Malegaon, (M.S.). Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 86-7.

Physico-chemical characteristics of water was carried out from November 2007 to October 2008. All parameters investigated are within the limits prescribed by BIS, WHO and ISI. The reservoir water is thus suitable for drinking purpose after proper treatment.

1 table, 5 ref

015663   Singh S K;Verma S K (NO, Society of Pollution and Environmental Conservation Scientists (SPECS), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Email: res_mol_bio@sify.com) : Modulation of antioxidant activities by Nostoc calcicola exposed to hexazinone toxicity. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 321-6.

Nostoc calcicola was grown on different concentrations of Hexazinone and the tolerant cyanobacteria were used to study the alterations in antioxidant activities, growth and pigment profiles, O₂ evolution and lipid peroxidation. Pigment profile showed a high degree of susceptibility towards high doses of hexazinone. Lipid peroxidation measured in terms of MDA level increased with high doses of hexazinone. Recovered cyanobacteria showed lower MDA content and hydroxide radicals. Ascorbate contents increased highly in stressed and recovered Nostoc calcicola with an increase in hexazinone doses. The findings suggested that high concentration of Hexazinone modulated the antioxidative machinery of Nostoc calcicola. A conclusion can be drawn that improved tolerance to herbicide stress may be accomplished by increased capacity of antioxidant system of cyanobacteria.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

015662   Singh D S H;Manolin Mini S (Civil Engineering Dep, Sethu Instititute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariyapatti, Virudhunagar Dist-626 106, Email: herbertsingh@gmail.com) : Ground water quality assessment in colachel, Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2009, 21(2), 451-6.

Water is essential for life. The demand for potable water is so high that a major share of it has to be obtained as groundwater. The requirement of groundwater is constantly increasing. Extraction of water is abysmally high due to population explosion and there are reports of seawater intrusion into land along the coastal belt. Colachel is one such coastal region, where present day need is partly met by subsurface water. Quality of water is important as its quantity. In this study the quality assessment of available shallow groundwater have been carried out by examining various chemical parameters. The results have been brought in digital format with the help of Geographical Information System (GIS).

5 illus, 6 ref

015661   Singh C K (Economics Dep, Nitishwar Singh College, Sarmastpur, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : Environment, pollution and development. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 185-9.

"A number's of workers like Nadkarni. MV.(1985, 1990 and 1995) , Desgupta. P. (1990), Barthwal eta!. R.R. (1993) have worked on Environment, socio-economic conditions and development. However, Co-relation amongst .environment, pollution and development has not been established as far available literatures are concerned. Hence, to fill up the lacunae the present writer has tried in this direction. It is clear that environmental crisis and development run side by side, giving impact on economic development. Higher level of economic growth has been found when environment is favourable."

6 ref

015660   Singh B K;Srivastava K K;Srivastava S K (Central Institute of Mining and Duel Research, , Dhanbad-828 108) : Water quality assessment. IV. Bhurkunda colliery of south Karanpura coalfield. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 407-13.

Studies on physico-chemical parameters of underground mine water, OCP direct discharge and sump water of Bhurkunda Colliery of South Karanpura Coalfield of Central Coalfields Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India limited were carried out in 2004 and 2005 in all the three seasons, namely summer, monsoon and winter. On careful examination of the data it was found that the colour of the water samples were turbid, pH of these waters were acidic ranging from 6.6 to 6.9 , total dissolved solids varied between 185 to 415 mg/L, total suspended solids ranged between 55 and 140 mg/L, dissolved oxygen in within the range 4.9 to 6.7 mg/L, biological oxygen demand of these water samples is in the order 1.78 to 6.4 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand lie between 45 and 58 mg/L, COD to BOD ratio of all the three water samples are beyond 3 making the water unsafe for human consumption and hence pretreatment is essential to make it potable water. The nitrate ion concentration is form 0.5 to 10.05 mg/L. The hardness varied from 25 to 335 mg/L as calcium carbonate. The ions present are chloride, fluoride, sulphate, calcium and magnesium for which analyªses were done. Oil and grease were also found to be present as usual.

7 tables, 3 ref

015659   Sikka I;Joshi O P;Pawar K;Dubey B (Botany Dep, P.M.B. Gujarati Science College, Indore-452 001, Email: kishore.panwar@gmail.com) : Air pollution induced changes in pollen characterisitics of Delonix regia bojer ex hook and Peltophorum inermi Roxb. in polluted areas of Indore city. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 467-9.

Gives an idea of changes taking place in pollen characteristics of Delonix regia and Peltophorum inerme under the influence of air pollution. Pollen germination, viability, size and pollen tube length were the parameters studied. The reduction in pollen viability and pollen tube length was more significant in P. inerme than D. regia in Industrial and vehicular pollution areas (IP A and VP A). Size of pollen grains was found to be affected more in D. regia in both IP A and VP A as compared to P. inerme. The study emphasizes use of pollens for bio-monitoring of air pollution in urban areas.

2 tables, 12 ref

015658   Shivanand Y A (Chemical Engineering Dep, S.D.M. College of Engineering & Technology, Dharwad-580 002) : Municipal sewage treatment using reed bed. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 501-2.

Experiments were carried out in laboratory using small reed bed to treat municipal sewage the performance.

^ssc4 tables

015657   Sharma N;Sarma H P (Environmental Science Dep, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014) : Ground water quality by evaluating water quality index from physico-chemical parameters in Kamrup Metropolitan district, Assam. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(2), 152-58.

Water quality index (WQI) is considered as the most effective way in the assessment of quality of water. The aim of the present investigation is to assess the ground water quality regarding use for drinking purposes in Kamrup Metropolitan district of Assam. In this invesªtigation, ground water samples were collected from 31 different locations for which physicoªchemical parameters were analysed and from these analysed data, WQI have been calcuªlated. From the values of WQI, the samples have been categorized into five classes (quality zone). It is expected that the present study will be of much help for the proper planning and management of water resources.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

015656   Shanthi V;Gajendran N (NO, University of Madras, Guindy, Chennai-600 005, Email: gajend6an@yahoo.com) : Impact of water pollution on the socio-economic status of the stakeholders of Ennore Creek, Bay of Bengal (India). Indian J Sci Technol 2009, 2(3), 66-79.

4 illus, 7 tables, 32 ref

015655   Shankar B S;Reddy M;Balasubramanya N (Civil Engineering department, East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore-560 049) : Assessment of fluctuations in ground water table of hoskote taluk, Bangalore rural district, India. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 79-83.

Any phenomenon that produces a change in pressure on groundwater will cause the groundwater levels to vary. Differences between supply and withdrawal of groundwater cause levels to fluctuate. Stream flow variations are closely related to groundwater levels. Other diverse influences on groundwater levels include meteorological and tidal phenomena, urbanization, earthquakes, and external loads. There are six observation wells in the study area and the groundwater table levels during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons for 13 years (1993 - 2005) have been continuously monitored for these wells, analyzed and discussed in the present paper. The water level in the study area responds mainly to rainfall, groundwater recharge and discharge. The minimum water table level observed is 0.3 m, in Channapura observation well (October, 1998) and the maximum depth of water table observed is 59.7 m at the Anugondanahalli observation well.

7 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

015654   Shankar B S;Gayathri H N;Balasubramanya N (Civil Engineering Dep, East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore-580 049, Email: shankar_bs1@yahoo.co.uk) : Evaluation of saturation indices for the groundwaters of an industrial area in Bangalore, India. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 151-7.

The present study aims to evaluate the Langelier saturation index and Ryznar stability index for the groundwaters of Bellandur area in Bangalore, India. Thirty groundwater samples were drawn from' the area during the month of may (2006 and 2007) and subjected to physico~chemical analysis and the analysis results were used to evaluate the two indices. Based on Langelier index, 50 % of the samples were found to be scale forming, 33% slightly scale forming, 13.33% indicated serious corrosion and 3.33% were slightly corrosive, while based on Ryznar stability index, 6.67% of the samples were found to be heavy scaling in nature, 16.67% light scale, 50% little scale or corrosive, 10% indicated significant corrosion and 16.67% heavy corrosion.

1 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

015653   Shankar B S;Gayathri H N (Civil Engineering Dep, East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore-560 049) : Incidence of pollution in the groundwaters of bommasandra industrial area in Bangalore, India. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 91-7.

The present study aims at the assessment of groundwater quality in and around the Bommasandra industrial area of Bangalore. The drinking water needs of the area are met by about 180 borewells drilled in and around the area. Discussions held with the local public and primary health centre authorities of the area reveal that there are serious complaints from the residents regarding the deterioration of the water quality, with several cases of health disorders arising out of consuming the aforesaid water. In this connection, 30 Groundwater samples have been drawn from the area and subjected to a comprehensive Physico- Chemical analysis. The study reveals that an alarmingly high (74) % of the samples are found to be non potable due to the presence of several water quality parameters in excess of the standards laid down by BIS, with nitrate and total hardness being the chief culprits, accounting for 60% and 63.33% of the non-potability of the samples analyzed respectively. 20% of the samples analyzed, showed chromium concentrations above the permissible limits.

5 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

015652   Shankar B S;Gayathri (Civil Engineering Dep, East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore-560 049, Email: shankar_bs1@yahoo.co.uk) : Evaluation of hydro-chemical facies for the groundwaters of K.R. Puram industrial area in Bangalore, India. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 171-80.

Hydrochemical facies reflect the effects of chemical processes occurring between the minerals with in the lithological framework and groundwater.The present study aims at the evaluation of hydrochemical facies for the groundwaters of K.R. Puram Industrial Area of Bangalore using a computer technique. In this connection, 60 groundwater samples (30 each in the pre and postªmonsoon seasons of 2007) have been drawn from the area and subjected to a comprehensive Physico- Chemical analysis. From the results of the study, hydrochemical facies have been derived and discussed for all the samples.

1 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

015651   Sasmal S K;Choudhury A (NO, S.D. Marine Biological Research Institute, Bamankhali, Sagar Island, Sundarbans, West Bengal) : Seasonal variations of limnological parameters in the coastal West Bengal, India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3A), 1253-7.

Investigations on the limnological factors were done at three different sampling stations viz. Light house (Station 1), Kachuberia (Station 2) and Haldia (Station 3) during 1998 to 2000. All limnological showed spatial and temporal variation in every year. Highest COD and lowest DO values were observed in Station 3 while highest DO and lowest COD values were recorded in Station 1. Average salinity was 17.92, 9.63 and 3.14 ppt in respective stations. The pH did not vary much among the sampling stations. Average pH was 8.21, 8.08 and 8.09 in Station 1. Station 2 and Station 3 respectively. Concentrations of different nutrients such as nitrate phosphate and silicate were found to be high in Station 3 compared to Station 1 and Station 2.

3 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

015650   Remia K M;Logaswamy S;Logankumar K;Rajmohan D (P.G. and Research Zoology Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Effect of an insecticide (monocrotophos) on some biochemical constituents of the fish Tilapia mossambica. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 523-6.

Effects of an insecticide monocrotophos on some biochemical parameters of the fish, Tilapia mossambica at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of exposures were studied. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of monocrotophos to the fish for 24 hour exposure was determined during bioassay study. The protein contents were found to be declined in all the samples analyzed during all the exposure periods. The reduction of protein may be due to proteolysis and increased metabolism under toxicant stress. The carbohydrate levels were found to be elevated in the samples of gill, muscle and kidney in all the exposure periods. This may be due to the stress induced by the insecticide as physiology of organism with the help of corticosteroids. The cholesterol contents of gill, muscle and kidney were found to be declined in all the treatment periods of experimental fish compared to control. This may be due to utilization of fatty deposits instead of glucose for energy purpose.

27 ref

015649   Rayaz K;Afzal J;Bhatia S (Geography Dep, Govt P.G. College, Rajouri, Email: rayazgeography@rediffmail.com) : Geo - ecological status of Ranjit sagar reservoir: an assessment of water quality and fish potential. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 131-5.

Reservoirs are constructed by damming the rivers and are the important source of economic development of any region. Reservoirs, were primarily, meant for hydel power generation, irrigation and flood but now are considered as the storehouse of aquatic resources. Ranjit Sagar reservoir is a joint venture of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab states. In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the economic potential of the Ranjit Sagar reservoir besides in depth study of ecological degradation. The paper further goes to analyze different fish species grown in the reservoir and their production.

3 tables, 12 ref

015648   Rawat M;Jakher G R (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: rawatscorner@rediffmail.com) : Microbial risk assessment based on faecal coliform determination and sanitary inspection survey of water source of Jodhpur city in thar desert of Rajasthan. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 599-603.

Assessment of potential risks from microbiological contamination of drinking water supplies is of greatest concern to human health. The study involves the examination of water supplies from underground sources that is consumed by localities of inner Jodhapur city India. The study includes the sanitary inspection survey of source and the microbiogical examination of water supplies on a monthly basis during the period. The microbiological risk assessment (MRA) approach of WHO guidelines was applied to enhance the source protection. The faecal contamination of the source water was quantified using faecal coliform (FC) as indicator bacteria. Failure rate displayed a seasonal trend being greater during the rainy season and decreased during the winters. The sanitary inspection score was found 6/10 during the whole survey period that corresponds to an intermediate risk of source contamination. The color code classification for FC contamination was found 15.38 % B (green, low risk), 61.53% C (Yellow, intermediate risk) and 23.07% C (Orange, high risk). The previous risks were combined for the assessment of water borne risk, which was determined as intermediate to high; therefore there is a need for high action priority. The potential remedial action was also suggested in order to improve the source protection of such supplies.

1 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

015647   Ravichandran C;Suthabala S;Jayalakshmi S (P.G. and Environmental Sciences Dep, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli-620 017) : Environmental quality of selected temple ponds in Tiruchirappalli. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 392-98.

In the study, water quality of selected temple ponds was determined in Tiruchirappalli. The results revealed that Thiruvarambur Pond was found to be highly polluted, while water collected from Srirangam pond was less polluted. Srirangam pond is situated inside the temple premises. This protects the pond from contamination by people and animals from outside. Other ponds are situated just outside the premises and hence there in no protection. People living around these ponds use them for bathing, washing and other activities, thus polluting these ponds. Stray animals also visit these ponds frequently and pollute and them.

7 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

015646   Rajeswari R;Kanmani S (NO, Anna University, Centre for Environmental Studies, Chennai-600 025) : Experimental design for carbaryl degradation by photocatalytic oxidation. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(1), 9-15.

Multivariate experimental design methodology has been employed to investigate the effect of process conditions on photocatalytic degradation of carbaryl using TiO₂ as photocatalyst. This multivariate analysis using response surface methodology allowed to investigate the effects between experimental variables (pH, TiO₂ dosage and carbaryl concentration) and COD removal with minimum number of experiments. The results of this investigation reveal that regression analysis with R² value of 0.9910 shows a close fit between the observed experimental results and the model predicted results. The analysis of variance of this model has demonstrated that the model is highly significant, which is evident from the very low probability value. Contour plot provide a good visualization for process parameter interacªtions. From the statistical analysis, it is derived that there is interaction between pH-catalyst dose, and pH-pollutant concentration. The quadratic coefficients indicate that high pH, high concentrations of catalyst and pollutant would have negative influence on COD removal. Thus, with this methodology it is possible to minimize the number of experiªments for optimization of parameters in photocatalytic oxidation.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

015645   Rajamanickam R;Rajamohan S (Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, , Chennai-600 032) : Groundwater quality study of Amaravathy river basin of Karur fistrict, Tamil Nadu. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(2), 112-24.

Amaravathy river is the main water source providing water for drinking, agriculture and industrial activities of Karur district. In the last two decades the extensive growth of bleaching and dyeing industrial activates in Karur has adversely affected the river water quality as well as the groundwater quality of the river basin. PWD and CGWB regularly monitor the quality of groundwater in the district. TNPCB monitors the quality of river water and the effluent discharge from the industries. From the date base, it is observed that the total dissolved solids, chlorides in the groundwater of Amaravathy river basin is above the desirable limit for drinking water. The quality of treated effluent discharged from textile bleaching and dyeing units into Amaravathy river reveals that total dissolved solids, chlorides, BOD and COD exceeded the inland surface water discharge standards. In order to over come the existing river and groundwater pollution, the bleaching and dyeing units should implement ZLD plant by providing RO plant with complete reject management sysªtem to recycle the entire effluent. Karur domestic sewage should be completely collected, treated and used for farming. Municipal solid waste and hazardous waste from the indusªtries should be properly collected and disposed off.

15 illus, 8 tables, 4 ref

015644   Prasad B G (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Swelling model on acid sulphatic clayey soil using neural networks. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(1), 20-5.

The paper brings out the prediction of swelling behaviour of acid sulphatic clayey soil using three layered feed forward artificial neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Total of 748 data sets were obtained through experiments. The conventional oedometer swell is related with simple parameters, like liquid limit, sediment volume, plasticity index, sulphuric acid normality, specific surface area, pH, electrical conductivity, soil mineralogy and duration. An optimal network of 9 input neurons, 9 hidden neurons and 1 output neuron was designed by varying number of hidden neurons in the hidden layer. Strong correlations (R2 = 0.9) were observed between experimental and predicted swell during training and testing. The proposed artificial neural network model is capable of correlating the non-linear time series of swelling to the multiple forcing signals. The study suggests that the ANN model is aneasy-to-use modeling tool for many other geo-environmental problems and to the field engineers to obtain a quick preliminary assessment.

6 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

015643   Pragathiswaran C;Paruthimal Kalaignan G; Prakash P;Jeyaprabha B;Karibasappa H (Chemistry Dep, Adhiyamaan College of Enineering, Hosur-635 109, Email: pragathis_waran@yahoo.co.in) : Status of surface water quality at Hosur: cultivation or irrigation. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 401-6.

Evaluation of different physico-chemical parameters of surface water samples, covering the entire industrial area of Hosur Tamilnadu State), is carried out to assess the suitability of the water for irrigation purposes. Samples are collected during August 2005 to June 2006.The parameters relevant to irrigation purposes are Electrical Conductance (EC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Percent Sodium (SP) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC). Results of the present investigation are compared with the Wilcox standard value, and Ayers and Westcott standard value. It is observed that all water samples under study can safely be used for cultivation purposes.

1 illus, 8 tables, 8 ref

015642   Pannerselvam P;Sathya Selva Bala V; Thiruvengadaravi K V;Nandagopal J;Palanichamy M;Sivanesan S (Environmental Management Lab, Chemical Engineering Dep, Anna University, Chennai-600 025) : Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using phosphoric acid modified β-zeolites. Indian J Sci Technol 2009, 2(2), 63-6.

Attempt was made to modify zeolite so as to find use as ion-exchange material for the removal of copper ion from industrial wastewaters. Large pore Hβ zeolite was initially modified with phosphoric acid and further treated with aqueous NaHCO₃ solution to obtain the PNa₂-β. The prepared PNa₂- β was characterized by XRD, BET Surface area, SEM and AAS techniques. The sorptive removal of copper ion from aqueous solutions using modified - β zeolites was investigated. The PNa₂- β zeolite showed higher sorption capacity than Na- β zeolite. It is because of the exchangeable Na+ ions being doubled in the PNa₂- β compared to the Na- β zeolite. Equilibrium data were fitted to linear Langmuir and Freundlich models while the kinetic data were represented by pseudo-first order and pseudosecond order kinetic models.

7 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

015641   Nwani C D;Okoh F A;Udeh E F;Ndubuisi A A; Odoh E (Applied Biology Dep, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 53 Abakaliki, Nigeria, Email: didigwunwani@yahoo.com) : Acute toxicity of phosphate fertilizer to Tilapia zillii fingerlngs. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 533-7.

Acute toxicity of phosphate fertilizer on the survival level of Tilapia zillii fingerlings (mean weight 8.00 ± 0.36 g) was determined in 96hr static bioassay. The fish were exposed to different phosphate fertilizer concentrations of 2.18,4.37,8.75,17.5 and 35.0g/L. The 0.00g/L concentration served as the control. The 96hr LC₅₀ of the exposed fish was determined to be 8.90 g/L with lower and upper confidence limits of 4.74 and 16.75g/L respectively. During the exposure period, there were frequent attempts at jumping out of the tank, loss of equilibrium, agitated swimming, air gulping and finally death. The toxicity lead to an increase in tail fin beat frequency and opercular ventilation. However, there was a decrease after 24hours and then a gradual stabilization. Water quality examinations showed a decrease in dissolved oxygen content and increase in alkalinity, conductivity, free carbon dioxide and dissolved solute. The toxicological implications of this finding in relation to aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity are discussed.

3 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

015640   Nwani C D;Amaefuna C;Okogwu O I;Okoh F A (Applied Biology Dep, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria, Email: didigwunwani@yahoo.com) : Assessment of heavy metal concentration in a fresh water lotic ecosystem anambra river, south-east Nigeria. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 527-31.

Study was conducted between April 2006-March, 2007 to determine the heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Zu, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cr) from four different stations (Ogurugu, Otuocha, Enugu-Otu and Nsugbe) of Anambra river using two points (upper and lower) at each station. Some physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen) were also investigated. Out of the 96 samples of water analysed, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cr were detected in 80, 62, 45, 40, 37 and 13 in concentrations ranging from 0.062 to 3.82, 0.010 to 1.811, 0.001 to 0.015, 0.02 to 1.180, 0.003 to 0.40 and 0.001 to 0.034 respectively. Apart from (Fe), all the metals exhibited no significant variation with respect to sampling locations and points. The concentration of the metals also varied with season, being generally higher in the rainy and lower in the dry season. The physicochemical parameters investigated (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity) showed variations both at stations and season. The toxicological implications of finding in relation to aquatic ecosystem and human health and management are discussed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

015639   Ndukwe N A;Jenmi F O (Chemistry Dep, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria) : Effects of vehicular exhaust fumes on urban air pollution in Lagos meteropolis. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 539-43.

Urban air pollution from industrial operations, automobile exhaust emissions, combustion of fuel, electric power generation and activities of the energy sector is becoming a global concern because of its adverse effects on plants, animals and human beings. Mitigation strategies or absolute solutions to this dangerous phenomenon can only be delineated if the nature and sources of various atmospheric pollutants can be identified. Analysis of exhaust fumes from gasoline-powered engines (light vehicles) and diesel-powered engines (heavy vehicles) in two major traditional areas of high vehicular traffic in Lagos Metropolis, namely Apapa and Ojota were carried out. Average concentrations of 0.075ppm, 2.143ppm 0.875ppm, 40ppm and 15.5ppm for H₂,S, SO₂. NO₂, CO and CO₂ respectively from light vehicular emissions were detected while concentrations of 0.086ppm, 2.309ppm, 1.783ppm, 70ppm and 20.124ppm respectively were obtained for these pollutants from heavy vehicular emissions for a four month sampling period, January-April (dry season) when the impacts from these atmospheric pollutants are mostly felt. These values far exceeded the available FEPA limts for environmental pollution control in Nigeria which are: SO₂-0.1ppm, NO₂-0.06ppm and CO-20ppm, hence provides an expose on the challenge of the continuing undue impact of vehicular exhaust fumes on urban air pollution in Nigeria.

3 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

015638   Navneet Kumar;Sinha D K (Chemistry Dep, K.G.K. (P.G.) College, Moradabad-244 001) : Assessment of underground aquatic environment at Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh), India. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 425-30.

Underground drinking water samples of IM2 hand pumps at twelve different sites at Moradabad were collected and analysed for physico-chemical water quality parameters following standard methodology of sampling and estimation to assess underground aquatic contamination at Moradabad. The estimated values were compared with drinking water quality standards prescribed by W.H.O. Drinking water was found to be severely polluted with reference to most of the parameters studied, while it was moderately contaminated with reference to other parameters. Chemical contaminants and iron in water were in alarming concentrations. Suggests that people dependent on source of study are prone to health hazards of contaminated drinking water and drinking water quality management is urgently needed.

12 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

015637   Muthulakshmi L;Ramu A;Kannan N (School of Chemistry, Medurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021) : Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in and around Sivakasi region. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 435-30.

Rapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth has resulted in huge amount of solid waste generation in city and towns. Owing to infiltration of rain water, the solid waste leachate produced at the dumping site ultimately finds it way into the ground water contamination. The present investigation was eluried out the ground quality at 20 different localities in and around Sivakasi town, Viudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu. Various physicoªchemical parameters, such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, temªporary hardness, permanent hardness, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, sulphite, bicarbonate, carbonate, calcium and magnesium hardness, sodium, pottasium, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand were examined through the water analysis. The results were compared with standard values prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The results indicate that the water of tubewells and hand pumps of this town as well as nearby industrial areas has higher concentration for all physico-chemical parameters. Most of the samples have total dissolved solid values much higher than the maximum permisªsible level stipulated by BIS and WHO is 1500. The high values of these parameters may have health implication and, therefore, these need attention.

1 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

015636   Mohit S A;Mohite A S (NO, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri-415 629) : Salinity tolerance of Paphia malabarica (Chemnitz) subjected to varying salinity levels. Geobios 2009, 36(4), 289-994.

Clams, being estuarine organisms, have to tolerate continuous fluctuations in salinity, especially during summer and monsoon seasons. During the current study it was seen that the clam, Paphia malabarica can tolerate salinity as low as 14% during summer. During monsoon, when the salinity of the clam beds decreased further, the clams adapted themselves to the lower salinity and showed the tolerance level of 5.6%. It was also observed that the clams take more time to open their valves subjected to lower concentrations of salinity. It was concluded that they open their valves to the external stimulus of osmotic pressure of the surrounding water, instead of the presence of sodium or chloride ions in the medium.

3 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

015635   Mishra S;Sahoo S;Das R R (Environmental Science Dep, Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gunupur, Odisha, Email: Prabha.giet@yahoo.com) : Urban solidwaste management: a case study of Bhubaneswar (Odisha). Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 203-11.

With rapid urbanization, industrialization & increasing population the huge amount of solid waste generation has created a serious threat to the eco friendly environment of the urban areas. The generation of solid waste and its disposal has resulted a serious problem in Bhubaneswar city due to the pollution arising out of it. Considering the necessity and importance an experimental study was conducted to acquire an idea about the quantitative aspect of various types of solid wastes and how they can be managed in a proper way in Bhubaneswar city has been analysed in the present study.

11 illus, 5 ref