017859   Chaurasia S;Singh R;Pathak V (Energu and Environment Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalay, Chitrakoot-485 331) : Environmental study of stone crusher. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(7), 653-56.

Evironmental pollution study was undertaken in the stone crushers of Chitrakoot area, U.P., to asses the dust exposure risk in stone crushers. The stone available in the area is igneous rock based granite. Mainly stones are mined by blasting and by manual cutting. During the process fine aerosol of stone dust is generated which causes environmental health hazards among the stone crusher workers. Environmental monitoring was carried out at the work place to assess the suspended particulate matter, So_x and No_x. Effect of SPM on stomata was also observed and discussed in this paper.

1 illus, 4 tables, 3 ref

017858   Chatopadhyay B P;Alam J;Hossain M (Regional Occupational Health Centre (Eastern), (Indian Council of Medi, , Block-DP, Sector-V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 091) : Cross sectional study for the assessment of respiratory function status among the workers in brass utensil factory. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(7), 634-42.

The brass metal workers are affected by the flakes of brass during making of brass made utensils that causes the decrement as well as impairments of pulmonary functions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the pulmonary function status of the workers engaged in manufacturing of brass made utensils and polishing. A standard questionnaire was followed to note the symptoms, like cough, breathlessness and chest tightness, etc. The male workers were only involved in the work of brass made utensils factory a total of 50 male workers and 20 control male subjects not engaged in this profession and belonged to same socio-economic class were also investigated for pulmonary function tests (PFT). The study was carried out at Kunghaghata in the district of Murshidabad, West Bengal. The pulmonary function status assessment was done by spirometric method using Spirovit-Sp10 and Wright's' peak flow meter. Student two tail't' tests are used to compare between the control and utensil workers to find out whether there are any significant changes are found due to work exposure. Pearson's 'r' product moment co-relation is also performed to find out relation between duration of exposure and pulmonary function. The respiratory symptoms are found higher among the exposed utensil workers. A trend of decrement of lung volumes and flow rates were found with the increase of age and duration of work exposure. Product moment correlation showed negative correlation between work exposure and pulmonary function. The pulmonary function abnormalities found among the exposed workers are restrictive, obstructive and. combined restrictive and obstructive type. As a whole 8% utensil workers showed respiratory function impairments in which obstructive type of impairments found more (utensil makers-3.12%, and utensil polishers-11.11 %).The respiratory function impairments among the brass made utensil workers might be due to their exposure in to the work environment.

3 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

017857   Bhargava S;Saxena U;Bhragava A K (Botany Dep, Maharaj Singh College, Saharanpur-247 001) : Microbiological studies of polluted Kali river water at Meerut. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(2), 155-6.

Disposal of liquid wastes of distilleries, tyre factory and sewage wastes in natural Kali river water have resulted serious problem. Thus, in the present work an attempt has been made to evaluate plankton population in the polluted Kali river water near down stream site selected before Modinagar. Observation shows that Most Probable Number of Coliform found highest in monsoon season of year 2007-2008. Likewise, Standard Plate Count also found highest in monsoon season. Observation also indicates high phytoplankton count winter season.

2 table, 9 ref

017856   Baskaran L;Sundaramoorthy P;Chidambaram A L A;Sankar Ganesh K;Rajasekaran S;Sumathi K (Environmental Biology Research Laboratory, Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, Email: ppsmoorthy@yahoo.com) : Bioremediation of sugar mill effluent polluted soil using vermicompost and its effect on greengram (Vigna radiata L.). Bull pure appl Sci-Sect B 2009, 28(1-2), 27-34.

Sugar industry is a key factor in the rural economy of our country. The enormous quantities of wastes generated by the sugar mills has led to the problems of air, water and soil pollution. The water pollution problem due to the discharge of industrial effluents is affecting greater dimension in India. These effluents irrigation not only reduced the growth and crop productivity but also polluted the soil. So, an attempt has been made to find out the effect of application of vermicompost on growth behaviour, biochemical changes and yield of greengram grown under sugar mill effluent polluted soil. The experiment studies were carried out in plastic containers filled with polluted soil mixed with vermicompost. The growth parameters like root length, shoot length, total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight, number of fruits and yield were recorded at the time of harvest. The biochemicals like chlorophyll, protein, carotenoid, amino acid and sugar were also estimated in greengram. All the parameters increased at vermicompost mixed polluted soil when compared to control. The application of vermicompost increased the growth and yield by reducing the pollutant toxicity.

4 tables, 18 ref

017855   Bansal M L;Sharma V R;Singh J (College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, Email: mlbnsl2001@yahoo.co.in) : Deflection response at the top of circular steel tall silo in wind environment. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4), 1599-1603.

Wind forces are responsible for huge destruction in the world. This damage can be largely controlled. if not totally eliminated, by the application of rigorous analysis of wind loads to ensure maximum safety at the lowest cost of the clients. The present research was on the study of circular steel silo subjected to rigorous wind loading and its effects on the anchorage requirements of tall silos. For the analysis of such a situation, there were few techniques available namely, finite clement method, structural matrix analysis. This paper reports the comparison of results by various analysis of tall silos for deflection response in wind environment. The maximum tip deflections (m) for silos having HID ratio 7.5 were 2.34E-02. 3.15E-02, 4.64E-02, 3.27E-02 and 3.78E-02 from static analysis, quasi-static (IS code), quasi-static (AS code). dynamic and random analysis respectively. The present analysis is on the basis of wind speed data around Delhi, but the model can be used for any wind speed and location. The paper suggests that conventional methods of analysis gives more conservative results and hence penalty to the clients.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

017854   Avasn Maruthi Y;Ramakrishna Rao S;Syam Kumar C H;Apta Chaitanya D (NO, , D.No : 4-60-5/3, (First floor), LIG-21 Lawsons bay colony, Visakhapatnam-530 017, Email: ymjournal03@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of pharmaceutical effluents on the soil and water quality of Kandivalasa Gedda. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 529-34.

An attempt was made to assess the impact of pharmaceutical waste water on both receiving water and soils at Kandivalasa Gedda. The water samples were collected and analyzed for nineteen physico-chemical parameters and the values obtained were compared with standards prescribed by Central pollution control board. Then the corresponding Water Quality Index (WQI) and Correlation Coefficient were worked out for the observed quality parameters. Analysis of results showed that the water samples are unfit for drinking water. Soil samples were analyzed for twelve parameters and results elucidated that soil is not suitable for agriculture practices.

7 tables, 10 ref

017853   Adebiyi A O;Tedela P O (Plant Science Dep, Ado-Ekiti Univ, Nigeria, Email: patosateddy@yahoo.com) : Assessment of heavy metal deposition in Iworoko-ekiti, Nigeria using mosses as bioindicators. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect B 2009, 28(1-2), 47-52.

Level of heavy metal deposition in Iworoko-Ekiti, a town with dense road traffic and high students' population was investigated using mosses as bioindicators. Sources of these heavy metals include automobile exhaust emissions and incineration of domestic wastes. Heavy metals from these sources in the environment may pose severe toxicological risks to human health in particular and the environment at large. Hence the need for this study to serve as a preliminary step towards risk assessment. Samples of mosses were collected at different locations in Iworoko-Ekiti, Nigeria. These samples were digested in acid and the concentration of five heavy metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Copper (Cu) in these samples were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The study shows distinct variations in metal concentrations across the locations and accumulation was highest in Rescue filling station and lowest in Iworoko community grammar school. The relatively higher concentrations of these metals exhibited by moss samples collected in Rescue filling station, roadsides, police station and Eltayon Petroleum station suggests an important anthropogenic source whereas the relatively low concentrations of these metals obtained in other areas which are less polluted could be attributed to occasional vehicle emissions and incineration of domestic wastes. The mean concentration of Cadmium,Chromium, Nickel, Lead and Copper were 1.006μg.g^{-1 20.458μg.g-1, 4.389μg.g-1, 42.200μg.g-1 and 42.212 μg.g-1 respectively. Lead and copper were responsible for the greatest heavy metal pollution burden in the study area.}

1 table, 18 ref

016904   Wijetunga S;Sandamali D H U;Weerasinghe K D N (Agricultural Engineering Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Ruhuna Univ, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka) : Evaluation of efficay in the treatment of domestic wastewater by different aquatic macrophytes. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 297-309.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the locally available wetland plants for the possible application of the treatment of domestic wastewater. Four different aquatic macrophytes, Ipomoea aquatica, Limnocharis flava, Monochoria vaginalis and Colocasia spp were evaluated for the treatment of domestic wastewater generated from student's cafeteria in the University. The root dipping technique was practiced for the study. Seventy five liter Styrofoam boxes were used and experiment was arranged according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The water quality parameters such as Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Solids(TS), Total Suspended Solids(TSS), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(TKN), Orthophosphate, Electrical Conductivity(EC) and pH were monitored to evaluate the treatment efficiency of different plants and the fresh weight gain of the plants were also determined at the end. The average COD removal efficiency, 68.39% was the highest in the system of Limnocharis flava, while lowest 36.77% was observed in the Colocasia sp. system. TS, TSS, TKN, removal efficiencies were highest in the treatment system of Limnocharis flava, while TDS is removed efficiently by Ipomoea aquatica. During the study period pH was initially increased from 5.5 to 6.5 at the 6th day and it was constant until the end of the study in all aquatic plant systems and control units. The highest weight gain was observed in the Limnocharis flava and Ipomoea aquatica. According to the results Limnocharis flava is the most suitable plant for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Nevertheless, Ipomoea aquatica was also considerably removed different pollutants present in the domestic wastewater. Colocasia sp. did not show any progress in the treatment of pollutants in the study wastewater. Therefore, the treatment system with Limnocharis flava and Ipomoea aquatica could be recommended for the removal of pollutants present in the domestic wastewater as an effective, environmental friendly and low cost treatment system.

10 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

016903   Vyas V;Jain S (Limnology Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: secvip@yahoo.co.in) : Distribution of phosphorus in a eutrophic lake in tropical region. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(4), 377-82.

Phosphorus is abundant in the sediments but its movement to the overlying water is largely governed by the physico-chemical conditions and under anaerobic state the equilibrium is towards the sediment side.Total Phosphorus in fresh water comprises of soluble reactive phosphate, poly phosphate, soluble and insoluble phosphorus. In recent times, increased use of detergents with long chain poly- phosphate compounds and the use of water bodies as receptacles for waste disposal have resulted in excessive phosphorus loading of aquatic systems, causing Eutrophication. Deals with distribution of phosphorus in Lower lake of Bhopal (India) which is a sewage pulled waterbody.

4 illus, 12 ref

016902   Vyas H;yas A;Mutha A (NO, Govt. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain, Email: harish_vyas_in@yahoo.com) : Removal of copper from aqueous solution using Neurospora intermedia. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(1), 28-33.

The use of microorganisms for bioremediation of heavy metals has generated growing attention in the present era for environmental protection. The paper describes the use of Neurospora intermedia cultures for removal of copper from solutions and projects their use for bioremediation of copper contaminated soils and water. Neurospora intermedia cultures were isolated from soil and were adapted to grow on high concentrations of copper by gradual sub-culturing on increasing concentration of copper in the media. The extension growth and biomass of adapted and non-adapted strains were compared at different concentrations of copper to determine the potential of these cultures to grow in presence of copper. It was found that, at all concentrations of copper, adapted strains showed better growth than non-adapted strains. The non-adapted strains showed poor or negligible growth at concentrations like 400 and 500 ppm. The copper removal ability of non-adapted and adapted strains was compared quantitatively by iodometric determination of residual copper left in the media. Thus, it appears that, adapted strains can be used for bioremediation of copper from polluted soils or water.

1 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

016901   Vyas A;Pancholi A (Sociology Dep, Govt. P.G. College Chittorgarh, Rajasthan) : Environmental degradation due to mining in south Rajasthan : a case study of Nimbahera, Chittorgarh (India). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 405-12.

Mining pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical or biological characteristics of the air, water or land that can harmfully effect health, survival or activities of human or other living things. It is now a well established fact that whether the mining operation is underground or open-cast, small or large, mechanized or non mechanized systematic or unplanned it affects the surrounding environment and eco-system and with the increasing activity, it has become a serious threat to the present day environment. UNESCO has included mining in one of the fourteen Man and Biosphere projects keeping in view its impact on both the natural environment and human population over very extensive area. The study area is located malaya Kheri and Karunda village in Nimbahera tehsil of Chittorgarh district. The pollution is generated due to mining activities in the study area. The study reveals that adverse impact due to mining on the environment is notable. The main impact of air pollution is on human and deteriorated working efficiency of worker. Water, noise, soil, pollution is also disturbing to a large number of local inhabitants. In addition the eco-system in area is being disturbed. To minimize the further damage to the environment certain remedial measures have been suggested.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

016900   Verma R;Shrivastava M (Home Science Dep, Govt. Girls's College, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, Email: charuchandra2003@yahoo.com) : Behavioural changes of health officials working under different illumination on night duties. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 624-8.

Technological advancement is related to high commitments, high performances that lead high working hours. Night time working in illuminated areas disrupts circadian rhythm results in health hazards. In this study the effect of illumination on behavioral change on health officials was studied. The intensity of light varies from 90 to above 120 lux. The respondents reported significant change in behavior viz. lack of patience irritation, dislike talking glare intolerance and high pitch sound intolerance was observed in respondents working in higher illumination.

^ssc4 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

016899   Verma H;Srivastava N (Zoology Dep, Fish Biology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: verma_hemlata06@yahoo.com) : Effect of sublethal concentrations of zinc on bioaccumulation and architectural alterations in the liver of fish Channa punctatus. J envir Sociobiol 2008, 5(2), 135-40.

Indiscriminate use of heavy metals has elevated the risk of contamination of the aquatic habitat. Present study has, therefore, been undertaken to investigate the alterations in bioaccumulation and histopathology of the liver in a freshwater teleost Channa punctatus. On exposure to three sublethal concentrations of zinc (10 mg/l, 15 mg/l and 25 mg/l) for 15 days, statistically significant increase in zinc concentration was noted in the liver of all treated groups. Simultaneously severe histopathological changes were also noted in the liver. Both bioaccumulation and histopathological changes were dose and duration dependent.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

016898   Veisi H;Majdodin A;Alirezanijat S (NO, Environmental Sciences Research Institutes of Sahid Behesti Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: haveisi@yahoo.com) : Exploring the profile of the public participation in environmental protection process in Iran. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 320-8.

The purpose of this study is to explore the profile of the public participation of public participation in environmental protection process. The bipolar theory of democracy has used as theatrical framework. The responders are 140 Iranian environmental experts at different levels of environmental organization in Iran. The questionnaire used a 5-point scale to explore experts statements related to extents and form of public participation in environmental contexts. Hypothesis of the study has been tested using factor analysis. The results of this study show's pollution prevention practices and environment Co-operation and awareness are the most important the dimensions of the conceptual framework. The results also have been revealed that planning and eco-restoration practices are the less predicative of changes in the research model. Finally, it is come to result from the environmental experts point of view, public participation is as neither a means nor an end for protection of the environment.

3 tables, 19 ref

016897   Vaidya S;Agrawal A;Dave R K (NO, HCET, Jabalpur) : Impact of global warming : response from refrigeration industry. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 395-404.

Global warming is one of the most burning problems today. It is due to emission of greenhouse gases used in various industry sectors. Refrigeration industry having contribution more than 25% in production of green house gases is one of the major responsible for it India has to phase out CFC-12 completely by year 2010 AD. To minimize the harmful effect of global warming, one of the major thrust areas is to identify substitute of Halogenated Hydrocarbons, especially CFCs, which are mainly responsible for emission of greenhouse gases. Present paper suggests Hydrocarbons to be used as alternative refrigerants in domestic refrigerators to face minimize the effect of global warming. Performance comparison of vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in domestic refrigerators working on CFCs and Hydrocarbon refrigerants is given in the work.

9 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

016896   Utarasakul T;Lekprayoon C;Pradatsundarasar A;Thirakhupt K (Inter-Dep of Environmental Science, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: kumthorn.t@chula.ac.th) : Integration of environmental management system for ecotourism development in Sri Nan National Park, Nan province, northern Thailand. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 448-56.

Sri Nan National Park is one of the famous tourist destinations, located in Nan Province, Northern Thailand. The area of Sri Nan covers 934 square kilometers, making up with massive mountains and hill ranges with several spectacular natural environments. To date, the tourist number in Sri Nan has been increasing and so does the negative impacts on its natural environment. Therefore, this research intends to integrate the concept and principles of environmental management system to develop an ecotourism management in Sri Nan National Park. Environmental management system provides a method to integrate functional elements toward the four principles of Ecotourism: nature-based tourism, sustainably managed tourism, environmentally education-based tourism and community participation-based tourism. Prominent environmental aspects such as number of tourist, water consumption, garbage loads, parking area, and camping site were selected. At present, tourists consume water about 10.8 liters/person/ day and generate wastes0.6 kg/person/ day. The suitable number of tourists to stay over night camping at Doi Sa Mer Dao and Pha Chu are approximately 550 persons/day. In addition, the results of this study will be used to develop suitable tourism activities and the management plan for ecotourism using holistic approaches.

1 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

016895   Tiwari S;Syed K;Sikka J;Joshi O P (Botany Dep, P.M.B. Gujarat Science College, Indore, Email: syedkishwar@yahoo.com ) : Air pollution induced changes in foliar morphology of two species of Cassia at Indore city (India). J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 406-12.

Effect of air pollution on two species of Cossia at three sampling sites of Indore city (India) were studied. The parameters examined were (i) Size of leaves (ii) Fresh and dry weight of leaves (iii) Number of stomata (iv) Stomatal index, (v) Dry weight and L/B ratio in the plants growing in polluted habitats. Reduction in number of stomata and size were also noted. The species growing in vehicular polluted area were found more affected in comparison to industrial area.

4 tables, 24 ref

016894   Thattai D (School of Civil Engineering, SRM Univ, Katankulatur, Tamil Nadu, Email: deeptha@civl.srmuniv.ac.in) : Ecological footprint calculation for a college campus in South India. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 237-42.

The indiscriminate use of renewable resources has led to large-scale use and misuse of valuable resources including land and water by humans. More harm is done to the Earth because of this resource use because in the race to find alternatives to non-renewable resources, we forget that the renewable resources are not renewable within our life spans. The ecological footprint is a resource management tool that measures, in terms of equivalent area (global hectares, gha), how much land and water a given population requires for its current way of life. The ecological footprint also measures the area needed to produce the resources a population consumes and to absorb its wastes. Calculation of the ecological footprint gives us an idea about our sustainable (or unsustainable, as the case may be) lifestyle practices and where to go from the present situation. It has been done for a few cities and even countries around the world. Here, we determine the ecological footprint of the engineering campus of SRM University, which is located in southern India. The ecological footprint of India as a whole is only 0.8 gha compared to that of developed countries (USA 9.6, UK 5.6). But this is not something to rest on because given the fast pace of development in India in the last few years, the footprints of urban and rural India are sure to vary widely. Thus, knowing the footprint of the campus will help in planning for a sustainable future. Data from various sources of resource use such as electricity, food, transportation, and water were collected. These were used to calculate individual footprints as specified in literature. The footprint for SRM University is 3.1 ha per person per year, out of which food accounts for the major share, indicating that the increased use of processed food in our country may become a serious problem for sustainability. Suggestions for a sustainable development of the campus are provided.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

016893   Thangaradjou T;Nobi E P;Dilipan E;Sivakumar K;Susila S (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai, Tamilnadu-608 502) : Heavy metal enrichment in seagrasses of Andaman islands and its implication to the health of he coastal ecosystem. Indian J Mar Sci 2010, 39(1), 85-91.

Concentration of metals (Mn, Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co and Ni) in eight different seagrass species of Andaman Islands were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. The concentration of Mn was maximum in almost all the seagrasses, whereas Co recorded minimum concentration. The concentration of various metals are showed different concentration Mn (508-2224μgg^{-1), Al (418.74-1064.8μgg-1), Fe (525.6-1920.4μgg-1), Cr (58.28-249.44μgg-1), Cu (30.52-109.52μgg-1), Zn (28.88-85.52μgg-1), Pb (4.16-17.72μgg-1), Cd (2.24-6.92μgg-1), Ni (1.76-10.04μgg-1) and Co (1-3.28μgg-1). The results found that there where interspecific and intraspecific differences in the accumulation of different metals in seagrasses. However, there is no significant variation in metal concentration in seagrasses was obtained between stations. The study clearly indicates that the seagrasses can be used as a potential mean for monitoring the metal concentration in coastal environs.}

3 illus, 3 tables, 45 ref

016892   Tavili A (Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation Dep, Faculty of Natural Resou, Tehran Univ, Karaj, Iran, Email: atavili@ut.ac.ir) : Physiological - Morphological and anatomical characteristic changes of Stipa barbata under water deficiency conditions. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 314-19.

The aim of this research was to assess the changes of Stipa barbata when facing with water stress. The study was carried out at the greenhouse condition. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design of one species, three irrigation periods (3 days as control, 6 days and 12 days) and four replications. During study period morphological and physiological characteristics such as wilting percentage, leaf water potential, shoot and root dry weight, rootrshoot ratio and amount of soluble carbohydrate were measured. Anatomical changes of leaf such as epiderm, paranchima and stomata condition were assessed too. Results showed that increase of irrigation periods intervals resulted in changes in some characteristics such as root weight, shoot weight, root.'shoot ratio, soluble carbohydrae amount and stomata condition. In fact, these changes could be considered as drought resistance mechanisms of Stipa barbata.

2 illus, 11 ref

016891   Swami B S;Udhayakumar M (Marine Biotechnology Dep, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, DRDO, Aandnagar P.O. Ambernath(E)-421 506, Email: swamibs29@yahoo.co.in) : Seasonal influence on settlement, distribution and diversity of fouling organisms at Mumbai harbour. Indian J Mar Sci 2010, 39(1), 57-67.

Biofouling at two sites was examined with regard to species abundance (density) and its composition. Sixty species were recorded during the investigation period (2000 - 2001). These species mainly belong to phylum annelida (11 species), bryozoa (22 species), cirripcdes (4 species), mollusca (5 species.), coclenterata (6 species), tunicata (10 species) and porifera (2 species). Thirty five species have been recorded from tidal basin. Which is influenced by organic pollutants released through sewage water. Among sixty recorded species, 16 were new records from the region. There is significant variation in density from month to month at Near-shore waters and at Tidal basin. Species settled in pre-monsoon were significantly higher than species settled in monsoon and post monsoon. Settlement pattern varies with seasons at Near-shore waters and at Tidal basin.

3 illus, 5 tables, 40 ref

016890   Superales J B;Zafaralla M T (NO, Research and Community Extension Survices Center, J.H. Cerilles State, Mati, San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines, Email: jbsuper2004@yahoo.com) : Distribution of benthic macro invertebrates at malubog Bay of moro gulf, western Mindanao, (Philippines). J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 303-13.

Biodiversity of macroinvertebrate community in four areas of Malubog^Bay in the Moro Gulf was intensively studied within two-month period. The monitoring stations were homogeneous based in water and substrate temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The mean number of species per stations ranging from 21 to 34 did not vary significantly. Shannon Weiner diversity index H' indicated significant difference among the four stations. Sambulawan an area with old mangrove stand exhibited the highest H' value, while Pisaan which had no vegetation cover had the least. Mangroves harbored tree-dwelling macroinvertebrates. Presence of a tributary river also accounted for the existence of species not found in the other sampling sites. Gathering by hand of some macroinvertebrates did not diminish the yield of these species found in the area because of selective harvesting that is embedded in the culture of coastal-dwelling Muslims.

4 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

016889   SIngh S;Verma A;Bajaj A;Singh K N (Agro Processing Div, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, Email: sunitas@ciae.res.in) : Eco-friendly disposal of mango kernel by the recovery of starch. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 370-7.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernels are the solid wastes produced in large scale in India when it is processed into pulp and other products. Environmental problem associated with disposal of the kernels rich in starch (50-60% dry basis) is a cause of concern. Attempts have been made as from cassava roots (1) to replace the traditional mechanical method with the use of commercial cell wall degrading enzymes to release starch, in order to obtain high starch yield. This is a newer concept and is not still commercially used in industries. Extraction in this way using microbial enzymes could yield starch from kernel, reported herein this study. Starch was recovered in batch scale using different enzyme concentrations on a two factor Central composite (2^{2CC) Design. To optimize the enzyme concentration to be use for maximum starch yield and calculated regression coefficient.When pectinase was not used as (1) at 9.19 IU and 20.50 U per 10 g dry kernel and (2) at 3.06 IU and 51.25 U per 10 g dry kernel, the starch recovery decreased by 71.3% and 79.6% respectively. Similarly if cellulase was not used as in (1) and (2) above, the decrease in starch recovery was not considerable comparatively. The starch yield could be predicted by second order equation with R2=0.92 at P=0.05 asymptotic confidance interval. The kernel also by composition contained more of pectin as compared to cellulose. It was pectinase that was more effective in starch recovery.}

3 tables, 1 illus, 16 ref

016888   Singh D (Civil Engineering Dep, NIT, Kurukshetra, Email: diwansingh@rediffmail.com) : Removal of zinc(II) from aqueous solution using non-living Oscillatoria spp. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(4), 342-8.

Heavy metal pollution has become one of the major environmental problems in recent years. In this study potential of dried green alga Oscillatoria sp. to remove Zn(II) by biosorption from aqueous solution was evaluated. The algal biomass was found to remove zinc ions efficiently. The rate of biosorption was affected by contact time, pH, initial zinc ion concentration and temperature. Optimal initial pH for Zn(II) sorption was observed to be 6. The uptake of Zn(II) by algal biomass is very rapid in the initial contact time of 10 minutes. Metal uptake capacity of Oscillatoria sp. increased with increase in initial metal ion concentrations. Temperature has been found to have a positive effect on the removal of the zinc by Oscillatoria sp. The experimental data fitted well in both the Freundlich and Langmuir lsotherms(R²>0.9828). Q_max obtained from the Langmuir Isotherms was found to be 31.0 mg/g of algal biomass. The sorbed zinc ions were effectively desorbed using 0.1 N HCl.

7 illus, 6 ref

016887   Shrivastava S (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Korba, Chhattisgarh, Email: gainbrain@yahoo.co.in) : Formathion induced histopathological changes in the liver of Clarius batrachus. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(3), 264-8.

Clarius a widely distributed fish in India highly esteemed as food and can be easily procured from the market. These fishes come in contact of pesticides, as non-target organisms by-(1) Many of these fishes live in the puddles created in the fields. (2) As washed to the water bodies where the organisms living there are affected, of which fish is the commonest. Clarius batrachus is said to be a very hardy fish so it was selected for the study. The study of digestive system and the liver of any animal gives a clear picture of affect of its food in the organism. If pesticide is being ingested then its harmful effects can be drawn clearly by the study of these organs viz. stomach, intestine and liver.

6 ref

016886   Shenbagavalli S;Mahimairaja S (Environmental Science Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: rajasmahimai@yahoo.co.in) : Environmental impact of fireworks. Asian J chem envir Res 2010, 3(1), 56-64.

7 tables, 21 ref

016885   Sharma M;Nisha Rani;Kamra A;Kaushik A;Kiran Bala (Environmental Science and Engineering Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar, Email: aks_10@yahoo.com) : Growth, exopolymer production and metal bioremoval by Nostoc punctiforme in Na<. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 372-9.

Study reports on sodium and chromium (VI) tolerance of Nostoc punctiforme, a filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacterium isolated indigenously from soil for its potential use in bioremediation of such wastewaters. Various parameters like biomass, chlorophyll content, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and percent removal of Na⁺ and Cr (VI) were studied in response to varying Na⁺ concentrations (55 mM and 110 mM corresponding to electrical conductivity 5 and 10 dSm^-1 using NaCl) and Cr (VI) concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mM corresponding to 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L using K₂Cr₂O₇). These treatments were given keeping in view the range of concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) and Cr (VI) in the wastewaters of textile industries. The Nostoc punctiforme strain was found to be both halophilic and Cr tolerant as it showed significant increase in dry weight in response to salt and Cr (VI) stress. Chlorophyll concentration of the cyanobacterium under salt stress was significantly more (P<0.05) as compared to that of control, showing 4 to 5.5 times increase. The cyanobacterium also showed 2 times increase in biomass in response to Cr (VI). Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by the cyanobacterium increased when exposed to higher concentration of salt or Cr (VI) which seems to play a role in metal biosorption. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the exopolysaccharides also revealed complete coverage of the rough EPS surface by the metal indicating its biosorption on the exopolymer surface. Bioremoval of salt and metal ions by the EPS of the cyanobacterium suggest that it can be used in bioremediation programs of wastewaters containing these metals.

2 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

016884   Sharma G;Surendra Singh (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. Ambedkar Univ, Agra, Email: gunnu_13@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of indofil toxicity on MCHC of Channa punctatus (Bloch.). J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(3), 261-3.

The present investigation deals with the study of effect of fungicide, Indofil on the freshwater teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.) to study the effect of the sub-lethal concentration of Indofil on certain haematological parameter i.e.; MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration). Indofil is a carbamate fungicide and its LC₅₀ has been calculated by the log-dose/Probit regression line method (Finney, 1971) and was recorded as 10.96 ppm. Sub-lethal concentration (Spprn) of Indofil was given to four experimental groups for 24,48,72 and 96 hrs: Indofil showed a non significant to very highly significant decrease in MCHC.

1 table, 7 ref

016883   Shailender Singh;Jain P;Abhay Kumar (NO, Academy of Management Studies, Nanda Ki Chowki, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) : Impact of industrialisation on environmental pollution. Indian For 2009, 135(9), 1259-70.

In recent years the large scale urbanization, industrialisation and associated environmental alteration and its impact on biodiversity pose a threat to human existence through basic necessities, recreation and the ecological functions. It is evident that pollution from various sources particularly from industries has negative impact on environment, irreversible in nature, cause extinction of species, resulting in loss of unique genetic resources of great use. This is a transition period for many developing economies like India, so there is a strong need to strike a balance between industrial development and physical environment so as to reduce the intensity of pollution. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the ill effects of industrialisation on the environmental pollution. The central theme of this paper is to highlight the effect of industrial pollution on the quality and status of life. The limits for ambient air pollutants, status of air polluting industries, intensity of sound causing noise pollution in the region of Punjab has been examined.

4 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

016882   Senthilkumar K;Ravikumar S;Subash Narayan A K;Rajagopal K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, Email: vecsenthil@gmail.com) : Emission of green house gases and their impact on climatic change and ozone depletion. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 273-82.

In 1973, it is proposed that the release of chlorine in the stratosphere might lead to destruction of ozone. This hypothesis and the data just shown were used by Molina and Rowland in 1974 to claim that the CFCs were major sources of stratospheric chlorine, that their continued release would eventually severely deplete the ozone layer, and that this might threaten the very existence of life on earth. In 1984 a remarkable and totally unpredicted phenomenon was discovered by the British Antarctic Survey, the so-called "ozone hole". In 1985 this unexpected observation was discussed at a meeting of the Vienna Convention when it was decided that world-wide regulations were required to control the production and emissions of chlorine containing gases. In 1987 governments negotiated and established the Montreal Protocol, the first international treaty to protect the global environment. Till from the discovery of ozone hole the concentration of ozone and area of the ozone hole is under watch continually. From 2002-2005 recovery of ozone layer observed, it was believed that phasing out of ODS working out well and influencing recovery of ozone hole. But shockingly the total ozone measurements from a number of individual ground-based stations show unusually low ozone columns on several days in November and December 2006, from 21-30 September average area of the ozone hole from OMI data was 27.4 million km^{2, the largest on record since the TOMS measurements began in 1979. The report delivered by WMO reveals that the total area of ozone layer depletion is being much larger than the periods (1974-1986), were we had use large amount of ODP substances. One of the main reasons for this catastrophic effect is due to the formation of PSC (polar stratosphere clouds) clouds in the stratospheric region. In this paper a critical review of atmospheric concentration of green house gases and ODS, their impact on climate change and ozone depletion is presented. Under the Kyoto protocol, usage of GWP substances has been restricted and it continues its role in a slow manner which causes large emission of green house gases in the atmosphere that could trigger the formation of PSC clouds. The total climatic change and ozone depletion factors seems interconnected to one another. It is observed that the refrigerants contribute nearly 45% of green house gases and increases in a very rapid manner, could produce adverse effect on the environment. Because of R134a contains no chlorine and thus presumably will not lead to the catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone, it has been suggested as a replacement for the CFC refrigerants, and today it is the most widely used refrigerant in worldwide with very highest growth rate besides its GWP contribution (GWP of HFC-134a relative to CO is 1300 and ODP relative to CFC-11 is 0) which need to be controlled. Possible alternate refrigerants with low ODP and GWP have been identified and presented.}

^iia5 illus, 17 ref

016881   Sayana V B M;Arunbabu E;Mahesh Kumar L; Ravichandran S;Karunakaran K (NO, St. Peters Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai-600 054, Email: vbms_19@hotmail.com) : Groundwater responses to artificial recharge of rainwater in Chennai, India: a case study in an educational institution campus. Indian J Sci Technol 2010, 3(2), 124-30.

Reports the response of the groundwater in the St Peter's Engineering College campus, Avadi, near Chennai, India. Artificial recharge of rainwater was done through roof top harvesting methods during 2004 to 2007. Based on a hydro geological survey of the campus, eleven bore well were sunk for augmenting water supply to the campus. The lithology of each bore well was also recorded. A percolation pond in 1 ha area on the south eastern side of the campus was dug to collect and store the rainwater harvested from rooftops of the campus buildings. The survey also assisted in the identification and location of about 70 number of recharge wells in the campus. Pumping test was conducted in well no:3 to assess the hydraulic conductivity and calculate other aquifer parameters during 2005. A three layer hydro geological model of the aquifer was applied in Visual Modflow ver 4.1 environment and the model fit was 84% between observed and predicted values (R^{2 = 0.844). Significant increase in water level in the top aquifer during 2007 was recorded when compared to 2004. The flow profiles in the middle and deep aquifer showed responses, through changes in the direction of flow to the pumping wells (5, 6 in 2004 and 2, 3 in 2007). In 2007, with improved recharge, changes in the direction of groundwater flow and discharge of water from the aquifer in the southern part of the campus can be noticed. The flow directions in the three aquifer layers also indicated that the northern part of the study area serves as an effective recharge zone for the St Peter's Engineering College Campus. Rainwater harvesting and recharge studies form important part in groundwater restoration and management in intensely urbanized cities/townships.}

6 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

016880   Saravanan V;Rajamohan N;Viruthagiri T (Chemical Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Email: sarav_30@yahoo.co.uk) : Removal of xylene vapors using sugarcane bagasse as packing material in vapor phase biofilter. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 188-196.

Biofiltration of xylene vapors has been investigated on a laboratory scale biofilter packed with sugarcane baggass as filter material inoculated with activated sludge from pharmaceutical industry. Four various gas flow rates, i.e. 0.03,0.06, 0.09 and 0.12 m^{3h-1, were tested for inlet xylene concentration ranging from 0.2 to 1.2gm-3. The biofilter proved to be highly efficient in the removal of xylene at a gas flow rate of 0.2 m3h-1 corresponding to a gas residence time of 2.8min. For all the tested inlet concentrations, the removal efficiency decreased for high gas flow rates. For all the tested gas flow rates, a decrease in the removal efficiency was noticed for high xylene inlet concentration. The follow-up of carbon dioxide concentration profile through the biofilter revealed that the mass ratio of carbon dioxide produced to the xylene removed was approximately 2.52, which confirms complete degradation of xylene if one considers the fraction of the consumed organic carbon used for the microbial growth.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

016879   Sankat D;Siddique N (Botany Dep, Govt. Geetanjali Girls, P.G. College, Bhopal, Email: deepti_sankat@yahoo.co.in) : Environment friendly dyes obtained from plants. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 365-9.

Today the protection of environment has become a challenge for the chemical industries worldwide, among which textile industry uses a fairly large number of chemicals for dyeing and printing. The pollution problem posed during the production of chemical dyes, releasing toxic chemicals, non biodegradable dyes from effluent and during its usage like the presence of carcinogenic amines and mutagens in Azo-dyes, heavy metals and toxic chemical etc. are the basis of concern. The ecological aspects including Azo-ban enforced by many countries stimulated the entry of the golden era of vegetable dyes. The present study focus on dyeing of cotton fabric with the natural dye obtained from the cultivated Poppy petali (Papaver orientale L.). As a natural mordant, Harra (Terminalia chebula Retz.) is used for the pre - treatment of sample fabric. Three different eco - friendly metallic mordants; alum [Al₂ (SO₄)₃],CuSO₄ and FeSO₄ are used. Pre -mordanting was done. Aqueous extraction of dye was carried out in the plant material. The light and wash fastness of dyed samples have investigated using gray scale assessment method. The results for dyeings are very encouraging.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

016878   Sanjay Singh;Rawat R S;Singh S (zoological Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra) : Effect of famfos on liver biochemical constituents in snake headed fish, Channa punctatus. Bionotes 2010, 12(2), 57.

^ssc1 table, 7 ref

016877   Samanta K;Trivedi S;Ganguly R;Ghoshal S; Dutta T (Postgraduate Dep of Physiology, Krishnath College, Berhampore-742 101) : Effect of excess fluoride on spermatogenesis of rats with special reference to metaphase. J envir Sociobiol 2008, 5(2), 171-80.

The reproductive toxicity of fluoride was studied in male rats. Male rats were exposed to sodium fluoride at a dose 2 mg NaF/100 g body weight per day for 30 days. A significant decrease in body weight and testicular weight was observed. There were 16.6% reduction in metaphase index, significant decrease in DNA content and reduction in diameter of seminiferous tubules of the testis. Zinc and copper content of testis remains unaltered in treated group compared to control group. Histological studies show fewer luminal spermatozoa in the testicular section of treated group.

11 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

016876   Salgare S A (NO, , Salgare Research Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Karjat, Maharashtra, Email: drsalgare@rediffmail.com) : Monitoring of herbicide (Simazine) toxicity by using pollen as indicators - pollen of five cultivars of Petunlia axillaris Bsp.. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(4), 392-401.

Rice Pollen of successive flowers (viz. F, F-24, F-48, F-72 series i.e. open flowers and the flower buds which require 24,48,72 hours to open respectively) of 5 cultivars of Petunia axillaris BSP. e.g. light-violet-, pink-, violet-, white- and white-violet-flowered cultivars were collected at the stage of the dehiscence of anthers in the open flowers. Germination of pollen grains was studied by standing-drop technique in the optimum concentrations of sucrose (acts as control) as well as in the optimum concentrations of sucrose supplemented by the different concentrations (10^{-1710-2- 10-3, 1,5, 10,20-20-100mg/ml) of (2-chloro-4,6-bis ethylamino-1,3,5-Triazine) simazine or hexazine (50%). The cultures were then transferred to a moist filter chamber, stored at room temperature (21.7°C-32.4°C) having RH 59% and in diff-use laboratory light. Observations were recorded 24 hours after incubation. For each experiments random count of 200 grains was made to determine the percentage of pollen germination. For measurement of length of pollen tubes, 50 tubes were selected randomly and measured at a magnification of 100x. Potentiality of pollen germinability was noted in F and F-24 series of all the 5 cultivars of Petunia axillaris and in F-48 series of white-flowered cultivar of P. axillaris. Thus the potentiality of pollen germinability in P. axillaris was recorded in 11 out of 20 series investigated. As low as 60 mg/ml simazine prevented the germination of pollen of F-48 series of white-flowered cultivar of Petunia axillaries. This proves the pollen of the said series are highly sensitive and acts as an ideal indicators of pollution.}

^iia1 table, 52 ref

016875   Saidov M S (Scientific Research Center of the Agency of Land Management, Geodesy and Cartography of the Republic, Tajikistan, Email: farshed_karimov@rambler.ru) : Remote monitoring of environment for disaster risk reduction in the territory of Tajikistan. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 258-63.

Remote monitoring for disaster risk reduction in territory of Tajikistan were carried out. Eventually fruitful results are obtained for the sake of environmental protection. Most of the work has performed on primary data-base analysis applying CIS-Systems, Dynamically developing geological processes like land slides, land slips, mud flows, floods and earthquakes from the point of view of geo-in formation analysis are considered as geodata for space propagation. Results and conclusion obtained are well applicable to other similar places.

^ssc3 ref

016874   Roy R (Chemistry Dep, Govt. M.L.B.P.G. Autonomous College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: roy.tanu@yahoo.com) : Physico-chemical evaluation of water bodies and impact of hardness in block phunda, Bhopal (India). J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(3), 272-5.

Fresh Water bodies constitute a very small total area of earth or even of land surface and an external small fraction of the total water but from the view point of human use these are among the most important natural water resources. Man uses water for many purposes. For domestic purpose, we prefer to use soft water. However several statistical studies have demonstrated a highly significant inverse relationship between cardiovascular disease mortality and water hardness even when other environmental and socioeconomic factors are taken into account. Pure water is poor conductor of electricity but when electrolytes in form of mineral dissolves, it imparts conductivity, Higher the concentration of ions, more is its electrical conductance (i.e. lesser the resistance) The total hardness of water is the sum of the concentration of alkaline earth metal cations present in it. Calcium and magnesium is found in all natural water and its source lies in the rocks from which it is leached. Its concentration varies greatly in natural water depending upon the nature of basin. By measuring electrical conductivity of under ground water, the salt concentration can be easily assessed, so that proper location can be selected for ground water exploration, which is useful for health and proper functioning of cardiovascular system.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tabls, 6 ref

016873   Raysoni A U;Li W W (Environmental Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program Dep, The Univ of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79969, USA, Email: auraysoni@miners.utep.edu) : Health impacts of traffic related air pollution. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 421-9.

Ambient air pollution can be a serious cause of concern for any community. Anthropogenic ambient air pollutants can emanate from industries, traffic, geological sources and domestic heating and cooking. However, studies have shown that traffic related air pollution can have far more detrimental health effects than non-combustion sources. These adverse health effects are most profound in sensitive populations like the elderly and young children. The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes more than 300 million deaths every year to ambient air pollution. The WHO's Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) and the United States Environment Protection Agency's (USEPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) provide specific ambient air quality standards for several air pollutants. This review paper describes some of the criteria air pollutants (as designated by USEPA) like particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Short and long term exposures to these pollutants can lead to cardiovascular, respiratory morbidity and premature death in some cases. In the elderly population, exposure to particulate matter has shown an increase in cases of atherosclerosis, irregular heartbeats, emphysema and onset of myocardial infarction. Young children are particularly vulnerable to damaging effects of traffic air pollutants. Children's lungs are in the process of development and their airway exposure per unit time is more than adults. Also, their defense mechanisms are evolving, thereby, raising their susceptibility to air pollution. In young asthmatic children, exposure to high levels of particulate matter has led to the exacerbation of their asthma. High levels of nitrogen dioxide have shown a decrement in the lung function of young children. This leads to increased rates of school absenteeism, greater use of asthma medications, emergency room visits and hospital admissions. Elucidating the various health effects of traffic pollutants on these sensitive populations is another focal point of this paper.

^iia1 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

016872   Rama Pal;Melkania U;Dhiman R C (Environmental Science Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar) : Inter-clonal variation in carbon pool of Populus deltoides Bartr. Indian For 2009, 135(9), 1209-16.

Climate change and forests are intrinsically linked. On the one hand, changes in global climate are already stressing forests through higher mean annual temperatures, altered precipitation patterns and more frequent and extreme weather events. At the same time, forests and the wood they produce, trap and store CO₂, play a major role in mitigating climate change. During the course of this study, potential of carbon sequestration, one of the major intangible benefits, was studied for 14 Populus deltoides clones. The carbon content was determined in different parts of trees i.e., bole, bark and branches. The results showed that the carbon content was found in the order: bole>branches>bark. Clone 'WIMCO-22' was found the best in terms of carbon stock while WIMCO-42' was the poorest one in this respect.

2 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

016871   Rahmani H R (Soil and Water Dep, Esfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Esfahan, Iran, Email: hr.rahmanii@yahoo.com) : Effects of industrial waste water of YAZD-BAF factory on soil and plants. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 438-40.

The objective of this study was investigation the effects of industrial textile water on soil and plant. For conducting this research Yazd-baf factory the major important textile factory was selected and sampling did in 2 stages and in 2 years. The waste water pH, TDS, TSS, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, N-NO₃, salinity and concentration of Cu, Zn and Cd were above permissible limit. On soils Zn and Cd were in critical range. In addition soils had higher amounts of organic matter, N and available P and K compare to control sample. Concentration of Zn and Cu in plants was over permissible limit and concentration of heavy metals in shoots and roots in plants were different. Results showed that industrial water have limitation for application of irrigation, surface water and subsurface water. Use of these waters causes pollution of environment and transferred poisonous compounds in food chain.

^ssc8 ref

016870   Qari R;Siddiqui S A (Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, Karachi Univ, Karachi-75270, Pakistan, Email: rquari2002@yahoo.com) : Comparative study of heavy metal concentrations in red seaweeds from different coastal areas of Karachi, Arabian sea. Indian J Mar Sci 2010, 39(1), 27-42.

Comparative study of heavy metals in forty species of red seaweed belonging to twenty six genera from three different coastal areas (Buleji, Paradise Point and Nathia Gali) of Karachi, Arabian Sea was carried out over the period of three years. There is high variability in metals concentration with in, seaweed species, sampling sites and collection time. Concentration of metals Mg> Fe > Mn, Zn > Cu revelas definite trend in most of the species of seaweed. This is in synonymous to the studies along the east and West Coast of India. There was great variation found in accumulation of metals at Buleji, Paradise Point and Nathia Gali. Concentrations of Mg, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, Co and Cd were high at Buleji as compared to Paradise Point and Nathia Gali. Accumulations of Mn and Cu were high at Paradise Point and Fe concentration was high at Nathia Gali as compared to Buleji and Paradise Point.

4 illus, 9 tables, 29 ref

016869   Pendharkar K;Gidde M;Bhawalkar U (Institute of Environment Education and Research, Bharati Vidyapeeth Univ, Pune, Email: kpendharkar@gmail.com) : Treatment of dairy wastewater using biosanitizer. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 388-94.

Conventional wastewater treatment technologies involve use of external inputs of recurring chemicals and also use of electricity, only to cause destruction/separation/disposal of valuable plant nutrients. This paper discusses ecological wastewater treatment, with a case study of dairy wastewater. In the ecological approach, biosanitizer eco-chips are first used to make the wastewater eco-friendly. The treated wastewater, when given to plants, the nutrients get properly utilized and nuisance-causing bacteria, pathogens and pests do not proliferate. This is, effectively an ecological control of odour, pathogens and pests, instead of using toxic chemicals. Also the organic (BOD, COD) and inorganic nutrients are removed through utilization. It also explains biosanitizer reaction and also the pilot plant runs on dairy wastewater. It also offers comparative evaluation of conventional treatment of dairy wastewater and the ecological treatment using biosanitizer.

4 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

016868   Pawale R G;Hembade A S (P.G. Dep of Environmental Science and Dairy Science, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602) : Fluoride content of drinking water of lower manar project at Nanded district, Maharashtra. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2009, 28(1), 57-9.

The study was carried out fortnightly over a period of one year from Jan.2001 to Dec. 2001, to examine the variations of fluoride content and pH of lower Manar project water at Nanded district of Maharashtra for assessing the suitability of water for drinking; irrigation and industrial purposes. An average fluoride concentration of water was 0.38 mg/l having range of 0.22 mg/l (January) to 0.60 mg/l (May). It was below the prescribed standards of BIS, ICMR and WHO for drinking. The pH was in the range of 7.2 to 8.2 and is within the desirable limits. Maximum pH was in July, while minimum in April month.

1 table, 27 ref

016867   Patro L (Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Zoology Dep, K.B.D.A.V. College, Nirakarpur, Khurda, Orissa, Email: dr.lingarajpatro@sify.com) : Tox-effects of cadmium chloride on metalion concentration of a fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus, (Peters). J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(3), 232-40.

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Cadmium Chloride on a fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and its ecological implications. Exposed fishes appeared lethargic when compared to control fish. Inappetence and ataxia was observed in the exposed fish. Exposed fishes showed erratic movements, loss of equilibrium, gradual onset of inactivity etc. when compared to control fish. Drastic depletion in sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium ion content in the cadmium chloride exposed fish tissues was marked when compared to the control fish. In case of sodium ion the liver was highly affected, for potassium ion the liver of the exposed fish was also highly affected, for calcium ion the muscle of the exposed fish was most affected and for magnesium ion, the brain tissues were affected. The liver was worst affected than muscle and brain. The brain tissue of the exposed fish was least affected.

8 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

016866   Patel H;Pandey S (NO, TERI Univ, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, Email: hhasija@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical characterisation of textile chemical sludge generated from various cetps in India. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 329-39.

The voluminous amount, toxic nature and restricted land area for disposal makes environment management of chemical sludge generated from Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) for textile dyeing and printing process wastewater a major challenge. These sludges are classified as hazardous waste as per the Indian rules and uncontrolled disposal of this waste poses significant risk and adverse impact on health, aesthetics and the environment. Therefore finding a suitable management option requires an extensive characterisation for all physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals so that a suitable option can be selected for the disposal assessment. Textile chemical sludge in the present study was collected from four CETPs treating textile wastewater from a large group of small-scale textile dyeing and printing clusters in Balotra and Pali in Rajasthan and Manikapuram and Mannarai CETPs in Tirupur in Tamilnadu. The sludges were examined for different physico-chemical parameters including heavy metals to devise a plan for its management. The characterisation data indicates that sludge is alkaline in nature with high electrical conductivity values. There is high variability in values of Total organic carbon (TOC) ranging from 1.23 to 17.83% and calorific value ranging from Nil to 2066.33 Real/Kg. Most of this data was found to be comparable with the literature data value. The concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Co when compared with the Indian rules reveal that all the heavy metals are less than the regulatory limits for all the sampling sites. This indicates that sludge is non-hazardous in nature and various other options can be explored for its suitable management other than the conventionally used options like landfilling. The Indian rules classify these textile sludges under hazardous category whereas the present analysis reveals the non-hazardous nature of sludge as all analytes of concern are within the specified limits. Thus the Indian Hazardous Waste Management rules further needs reconsideration regarding this aspect.

3 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

016865   Padhiari H K;Mohan D;Bhamawat Prayut M K (FPRM, Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, Email: devmohan9@gmail.om) : Carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust: a case of four-wheeler vehicles in Varanasi city (India). J Envir Res Dev 2007, 2(2), 243-9.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a highly poisonous, colorless, odorless and tasteless gas. The largest CO emissions are produced in urban areas as a part of exhaust of internal combustion engines, especially in case of automobiles with petrol engines. CO concentration in ambient air is of major concern due to its strongly adverse health impacts. This paper presents the salient findings obtained as a result of experimental study conducted to determine CO concentration in the exhaust of four-wheeler petrol driven vehicles in case of four-wheeler automobiles on the roads in Varanasi city, India. These emission-values have also been compared with the prevailing pollution control standards. A total of seventy nine petrol-driven four-wheeler automobiles were examined for the concentration of CO in their exhaust. About 40% of the petrol driven vehicles failed to meet even Pollution under Control (PUC) Certification criteria.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

016864   Neeraj Kumar;Shukla P;Sharma V P (NO, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Council of Scientific & Indu, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226 001) : Recovery of metals and plastics from electronic waste. Bhartiya Vaigyanik Evam Audyogik Anusandhan Patrika 2008, 16(2), 94-8.

Production of electronic waste is increasing worldwide and the life span of some of the equipments is very short. This is a significant problem because some of the products including computer and mobile phones contain heavy metals and other chemicals which are hazardous and are consequently a threat to the environment and human health. The impact disposal may release toxic substances, viz. lead, cadmium, mercury, tin, copper, chromium and toxic gases. They may be reaching to the aquifer, soil or atmosphere in the level above than the permissible limit of the regulatory agencies. The first stage of the process for recovering metals and plastics from electrical/electronic waste involves dismantling obsolete equipments. Another method of recycling printed circuit boards (c.b.) that has been manually separated from electrical/electronic waste is smelting and an alternative method is mechanical separation widely used in the underdeveloped countries. Mechanically separated non-metal fraction of the printed c.b. is rich in hearting power and can be used in combustion purposes. Lead emitted by the Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) is toxic to plant and animal, long-term exposure can be harmful or even fetal. During metal recovery process from printed circuit boards, brominated dibenzo dioxin and furans are emitted which contaminate the environment. Heating of the two types of brominated flame retardant namely polybrominated dibenzo dioxin (PBDD) and tetrabromo bis phenol-A (TBBP-A), to temperature at 400-8 00°C in oven or tubes resulted in the production of polybrominated dibenzo furans (PBDFs). A comparative study of different methods used at national and international level for recovering metals and plastic from electronic waste is discussed in the review article.

2 tables, 18 ref

016863   Nazmara H;Froutan S;Hosseinzadeh H;Majidi A (NO, National Iranian Oil Engineering and Construction Company (NIOEC), Iran, Email: hamid_nazmara@yahoo.com) : Multi-site estimation of suspended sediment load by artificial neural networks. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(2), 440-8.

Sediment transport in a river can cause significant damages to the nature, agriculture and water installations. Rivers capacity reduction is the major reason of flooding which usually causes high damages to the environment and human manufactured. Therefore investigation about sediment transport and its modeling have dominant importance. Artificial neural networks are used in order to estimate suspended sediment load, of Akhoola hydrometric station which is located by the side of the Ajichay River in east Azarbaijan province of Iran. The available data for the hydrometric stations are daily discharge and average sediment load. In the current study, feed forward back propagation network is used for sediment estimation. The effects of various factors such as logarithmic data as the networks input, normalization ranges, training algorithms and the number of hidden layers, on the model efficiency are inspected for obtaining the best results. In order to exanimate the effect of the upstream stations loads (i.e. Markid and Vanyar) on the Akhoola station load, the data of Markid and Vanyar stations are used for neural networks training in which presents the best result for sediment estimation of Akhoola station. Furthermore, sediment rating curves and linear regression models are also used in order to estimate the sediment load of the station. Genetic algorithm is used for optimization of the regression coefficients of the sediment rating curves, it is observed that genetic algorithm approach has no more advantages. In comparison with classical parameter estimation methods results, multi site estimation of the sediment by artificial neural networks can lead to the desired results.

4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

016862   Nanda P M;Garnaik B K;Panda S (Physics Dep, Talcher College, Talcher, Angul, Orissa, Email: sunakar_bu@yahoo.co.in ) : Study of physico-chemical characteristics of water of river Brahmani at the vicinity of angul-talcher industrial complex of Orissa. Asian J chem envir Res 2010, 3(1), 72-8.

Rapid industrialization, unplanned mining activities, lacking mechanism of accountability and incoherent policies cause pollution of water resources which become catastrophic to the inhabitants of the locality. The Talcher-Angul industrial complex of Orissa, releases a lot of effluents in to the river Brahmani which includes discharge from industrial activities, mining operations, coal washeries, municipal wastes etc. These effluents may deteriorate the water quality of the river water. In the present work an attempt has been made to study the impact of mining and industrial activities on the water quality of river Brahmani at the vicinity of Talcher-Angul industrial complex during different seasons. The quality of water is monitored by measuring different physico-chemical parameters during Summer, Rainy, and Winter seasons from six different study sites and compared with the water standards for portable water. It is revealed that the river water is alkaline, rich in total dissolved solids and suspended solids with high fluoride concentrationf only at Motonga) throughout the year.

1 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref