015634   Mishra S;Sahoo S;Das R R (Botany (Environmental Science) Dep, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Orissa, Email: prabha.giet@yahoo.com) : Waste water treatment in pulp & paper industry: a case study to show the treatability study of J.K. paper Ltd. Rayagada. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 137-40.

Environmental pollution from pulp & paper industry had been a matter of great concern. One major industry of our country that imparts pollution through their effluent is pulp & paper industry. In paper industry water is the major input &most of the processes involved in manufacturing from washing of wood, digestion, bleaching & paper making etc. So, most of this water used in industry reappears as effluent & are rich in organic content and is usually discharged in large quantities in to streams with improper treatment, which disturb the river ecology & creates pollution problem. The present study shows the source of pollution in a pulp & paper industry and the methods of controlling pollution by following effluent treatment procedures are described in general.

3 illus, 5 ref

015633   Mishra B P (Forest Ecology Dep, Biodiversity & Environmental Sciences, Mizoram University, Post Box No. 190, Aizawll-796 001) : Water pollution and food contamination in relation to health hazards : food safety as a global challenge. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 395-400.

Deals with the extent of water resources, sources and causes of water pollution, on human health, water borne and food borne diseases, food contamination and human health, and challenges, development and future perspectives of food safety. Water is the main constituent of human body and it is about 80 per cent by weight. Moreover, it is a medium for all metabolic activities. Thus, water is very essential for running the machine of life. In any aquatic body, presence of foreign particle/substance beyond permissible limit causes pollution that subsequently leads to health hazard to the human being or animals using such polluted water. The increased concentration of pesticides, metals and heavy metals, nutrient enrichment, synthetic organics, chemicals, chlorinated solvents causes several kinds of diseases in humans. Water borne diseases are transmitted through water and they are mainly bacterial (typhoid, cholera, parathyroid fever, bacillary dysentry), viral (infectious hepatitis/ jaundice, poliomyelitis) and protozoal (amoebic dysentry). The contamination of food is strongly linked with quality of water used either for drinking/cooking purpose or for irrigation of crop field. The polluted water causes contamination of food that leads to food-borne diseases. Salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are common and widespread food-borne diseases caused by bacterium Salmonella and Campylobacter, respectively. E. coli. causes enterohaemorrhagic and listeriosis. Cholera causes severe health hazard mainly in developing countries, and is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Mycotoxins, biotoxins, cyanogenic glycosides are naturally occurring toxins and they cause severe intoxication. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals contaminate food to a great extent and they have severe adverse effects on human health. It is felt that accelerated rate of contamination of food has created challenge for food safety. The safety of food needs to be assessed considering health benefits and implications. The World Health Organization (WHO) policies to promote the safety of food cover the entire food chain from production to consumption. The WHO food safety measures include mainly laboratory-based surveillance of priority food-borne diseases, global networking to monitor chemical contamination of the food supply, use of food technologies relating to public health and strengthening the scientific basis of food safety.

1 table, 23 ref

015632   Mishra B B;Chaturvedi G B;Tewari D D (NO, , 14, Moti Sagar, Kalithan, Balrampur, Dist Balrampur-271 202) : Water quality index and suit ability of water of Kohargaddi dam at district Balrampur, India. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 497-500.

Physico-chemical characteristics of Kohargaddi dam water were studied during July 06-June 07. Seasonal variations in water quality parameters in rainy, winter and summer seasons. The result revealed that there were significant seasonal variations in some physico-chemical parameters and "WQI". The result indicate poor status of water during rainy and winter season, however very poor status was reported during the summer season. Therefore water of Kohargaddi dam is not suitable for human or cattle consumption.

7 tables, 9 ref

015631   Medhi U J;Talukdar A K;Deka S (Pub Kamrup College, , Baihata Chariali-781 381, Email: sureshdeka@yahoo.com) : Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of mustard (Brassica campestris), pea (Pisum sativam) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seeds. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 437-42.

Study has been carried out to see the effect of pulp and paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of mustard (Brassica campestris), pea (Pisum sativam) and rice (Oryza sativa L). Mustard, pea and rice seeds were allowed to germinate soil taken in different earthen pots and treated with different concentrations of effluent viz., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% (pure effluent).Germination of seeds is recorded in all earthen pots. But most suitable concentrations of effluent are found to be 40%, 50% and 30% for germination and seedling growth of mustard, pea and rice respectively. Lower concentrations of effluent had a growth promoting effect which sufficiently better than control. Also revealed that germination of seeds and seedling growth are gradually declined with increasing concentrations of effluent. However, rate of inhibition-is different in different seeds. The study suggests that the effluent can be used safely for agricultural purpose, if taken in proper dilution.

3 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

015630   Mazumder B;Sasmita Rani Devi (NO, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Removal of contaminants from spent pot linings of aluminum smelter plant. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 491-6.

All aluminum smelters uses Hall-Heroult process whereby molten cryolite is electrolyzed to produce aluminum metal. The electrolysis cell uses a carbon lining which is discarded at the end of its service life. Annual production of these spent pot liners, which are highly toxic due to contamination by fluoride, cyanide etc, runs thousand of tons by each smelter plant. Studies extraction of these toxic components by oxidizing acids and simultaneously recover its carbon value. At the end of such reaction, the pot liners are found to contain very small amount of toxic substance and the residual fluoride is nonleachable and thus provides a method for safe disposal of such environmentally hazardous substance.

1 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

015629   Mary Helen H;Premjith S;Jaya D S (Chemistry Dep, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, Email: j_ds@rediffmail.com) : Impact of sewage discharge on the sediment characteristics of povar esturary. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 387-90.

Deals with the analysis of physico-chemical characteristics, concentration of heavy metals and textural analysis of sediments in Poovar estuary of Kerala coast during the period 2004-2005. Three sampling stations were selected and sediments were collected for the study. Most of the physico - chemical parameters of sediments studied are within the standard permissible limits. The heavy metal accumulation in sediments are in the order Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu<62>Pb>Cd. The textural analysis of the sediments showed maximum value for coarse sand in all the stations during the three seasons.

1 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

015628   Malik R S;Ramkala;Dahiya R R;Narwal R P; Grewal K S (Soil Science Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Assessment of fertiliser use impact on soil and water pollution in Haryana. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3A), 1426-9.

Systematic survey was done to collect soil, plant, pond and tubewell water samples from Karnal, Panipat and Kurukshetra district of Haryana under paddy-wheat cropping system. The quality analysis of ponds and tubewell waters indicated that all the pond waters had one or the other characteristics above permissible limits. The heavy metal concentration of tubewell waters varies from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/liter Cd, Tr to 0.46 mg/liter Ph; Tr to 0.4 mg/liter Ni 0.15 to 0.29 mg/liter and Co from 0.34 to 0.39 mg/liter whereas in pond waters it ranges from 0.01 to 0.16 Tr to 0.44, 0.27 to 0.29 and 0.15 to 0.41 mg/liter of Cd, Pb, Ni and Co, respectively. Mostly the accumulation of heavy metals in soils confined to surface layer. Crops under study area were found to accumulate toxic in order to oilseeds > oilseeds > cereals > fodder but the concentration was found within the permissible limits.

4 tables, 3 ref

015627   MakEshwar J A;Meshram C B;Mahajan M B (NO, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati-444 603) : Ecology of Pedhi river, district Amravati (Maharashtra). Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(2), 247-9.

Water is essential element for life on earth but due to rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialization causes heavy and varied pollution, which directly or indirectly affects the living components. The contaminated water induces many health hazards causing many diseases. An estimated 80% children from villages suffer from waterborne diseases which is due to contamination of river waters. In this context, the present investigation on physico-chemical parameters of Pedhi river was carri-ed out to observe the eXtent of pollution as the river is fed by open Amba Nullah sewerage of a metro city, Amravati.

^ssc1 table, 10 ref

015626   Madadi M (NO, Islamic Azad University of Firooz Abad, Fars, Iran) : Studying & examining heavy metals in vegetables and forage in shiraz plane and health interpretations. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 511-15.

In Shiraz plain, there are 1070 ha of agriculture, 540 hectares of that is used for, vegetable cultivation. Two rivers are crossing Shiraz plain west to east from high mountain of Pakoohak-kuh toward Maharloo lake on the east side. They are called khoshk river and Soltanabad river. East and south of the city of Shiraz in two separate countryside, people use polluted river waters for vegetable cultivation by pumping. 170 hactars around Khoshk river water, and 140 ha around Soltanabad river are investigated as survey field. In the present work twenty four of common green vegetables which are mostly eaten raw from almost 100 smapling points and 5 forage sampling (animal feed) from each site (total of 10) and total of 10 soil samples from both fields were tested for Ni, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Co, Ba, and Hg on Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. Cobalt, Nickel, Cadmium and Lead were slightly bit higher in some vegetables, exceeding the normal accepted ranges. Amount of other heavy metals were in the acceptable levels, comparing to guideline levels recommended by FAa, WHO, or USEPA. Forages and soil samples were mostly in acceptable levels of heavy metals. As the final conclusion, even though there is most immediate high risk due to using Shiraz plain vegetables, it is advised to change the position and field of vegetable cultivations to animal feeds (forage), beside restriction about discharge of untreated wastewater into river as well as prohibition of using untreated wastewater in crops which are eaten raw. Some functional recommendations are also suggested.

11 tables, 9 ref

015625   Lokhande P B;Patil V V;Mujawar H A (Chemistry Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere-402 103 Raigad) : Metal contamination in Savitri river by multivariate statistical analysis. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(2), 159-66.

Metal analysis of Savitri river water was carried out by using multivariate statistical techªniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. In this study, 12 metal elements for 6 sampling locations were analyzed during monsoon, winter and summer season from June 2005 to May 2007. Concentration of heavy metals was increasing from monsoon to summer season and 2005 to 2006. Heavy metal contamination in the river water with appreciable concentration was a serious treat. Scree plots for the eigenvalues obtained in this study shows pronounced seasonal change in slope. Cluster analysis demonstrates that the metal contamination changes significantly with seasons.

4 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

015624   Kulkarni P S;Attarde S B;Ingle S T (School of Environmental & Earth Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-426 001, Email: psknmu@rediffmail.com) : "Seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters and biotic characteristics of the Mehrun lake, Jalgaon city, Maharashtra. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 123-30.

A study was conducted to determine the water quality in terms of physico-chemical characteristics and biotic characteristics in the Mehrun lake located at Jalgaon city of Maharashtra state. The Mehrun lake is important source of water to the Jalgaon residents. It is the only place for recreational activities for citizens. Hence the information on physicochemical status of this water body is very important. Seasonal variation was observed in physico-chemical as well as biological characteristics of the lake. Inferior water quality was also observed due to addition of domestic sewage in the lake water. Variation in dissolved oxygen, high BOD and COD and nutrients indicate the mixing of the sewage in lake water. The present study recorded good biotic characteristics of planktonic diatoms, green algae and blue-green algae. Diatoms were abundant during the monsoon season and summer season. Green algae dominated in winter and rainy season while blue-green and green brown algae appeared in rainy and summer seasons.

3 tables, 22 ref

015623   Krishna Rani;Kalpana S (NO, , Krishna Pani, 13, Subhash Nagar, (Behind Mausam Photo Studio) Kunhadi, Kota-324 008, Email: kr10360@gmail.com) : Application of coal fly ash from kota super thermal power station and water bhyacinth mix in cultivation of calendula. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2009, 21(2), 411-18.

Biomodification of coal fly ash with water hyacinth (Eichornia) with respect to improvement in physicochemical properties was done for the cultivation of Calendula. Few pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of levels of biomodified coal fly ash (CFA) on physicochemical properties of soil on the yield parameters of Calendula. Physicochemical studies have been carried out for different composts obtained by successive replacement of biomodified CFA for soil/earth in constituents of original and reference compost. In present studies CFA and water hyacinth of local origin were used. Increase in rate of growth and improvement in quality of produce was observed with the increase in percentage of biomodified CFA up to 80% with lesser use of fertilizers and irrigation water.

3 tables, 25 ref

015622   Khan S (Centrol Gound Water Board, , Block 1.4th Floor Paryawas Bhawan Arera Hills, Jail Road, Bhopal-462 011, Email: khan_screaj@rediffmail.com) : Hydrochemistry of groundwater quality assessment in parts of Burhanpur district, Madhya Pradesh. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2009, 21(2), 315-26.

The quality of groundwater is, generally considered good in nature because it is usually free from odour, turbidity, colour and dissolved minerals ions. The concentration of mineral ions and their type can affect the usefulness of groundwater for different purposes in domestic, agriculture and industrial sectors. The effective management of groundwater can only be practiced when quality as well as quantity of groundwater is properly assessed. In view of that, the present study is aimed to assess the groundwater quality of multiples aquifers for groundwater management in parts of Burhanpur district. Madhya Pradesh. In all 27 and 15 numbers of water samples were collected from observation wells representing the shallow aquifer and deeper aquifers respectively during pre monsoon period. The groundwater quality criteria for drinking/domestic utilization is decided on the basis of physical and chemical parameters standardized by different agencies. The physico-chemical parameters of groundwater have been compared with guideline of ICMR^{1, BIS2 and WHO3 which reveal all the physico-chemical constituents are within permissible limit for drinking purpose. In the ambit of USSL c1assitication, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Wilcox Classification and Bureau of Indian Standards, the interpretation of analytical data show that the groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose too. Therefore, qualitatively groundwater can be easily managed in the study area.}

6 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref

015621   Khan M M;Admassu M;Sharma H R (Environmental Health Dep, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia) : Suitability assessment of water quality of river Shinta and its impacts on the users: a case study from Gondar town of Ethiopia. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(2), 137-44.

The water quality of river Shinta was assessed near Azuzu area of Gondar town of Ethiopia with the view of determining the effects of urban activities, human settlement and industrial effluent discharge on its water quality. The water samples were analyzed and the range of values observed were pH (6.98-8.95), electronic conductivity (3.22-9.09 dS/m), dis-solved oxygen (4.4-5.9 mg/L), total solids (556-869 mg/L), total alkalinity (300-345mg/L), total hardness (234-300mg/L), chloride (119-411 mg/L), calcium (41.60-95.0 mg/L) and iro(0.5-3.0 mg/L). Lead and zinc were remained below detection limits. There were distinct variations observed in some water quality parameters, as river flows from Azuzu upstream to Azuzu down stream stations in Gondar town. The survey results showed that about 25% of the respondent's children face health problems and about 18.75% of the respondents complaints about irritation after taking bath from river water. About 25% of respondents reported illness of their domestic animals as they believed it may be due to consumption of polluted river water whereas, 59% who are using river water for irrigation purposes complained of wilting of seasonal crops and decrease in crop yields.

1 table, 25 ref

015620   Kataria HC;Bux S;Namdeo M;Bux F B (Chemistry Dep, Government Geetanjali Girls P.G. College, Bhopal-462 038) : Fluoride content in ground water and surface water of Bhopal city. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 461-64.

Fluoride content is vital teeth covering other pathological changes. In the study analysis of fluoride content in ground water and surface water of Bhopal region has done. 15 samples were taken from different sampling stations of Bhopal and nearby villages. The fluoride concentration in the samples was determined by megregian-major method, that is SPADNS (sulpha phenyl AZQ 1, 8-dihydroxy 3, 6-naphthalene disulphonate) reagent was employed in low fluoride determination. The population in this study area are using differªent sources of drinking water of different times, mainly infants (school going children) being exposed to use drinking water from several point of sources. The direct use of municipal, river, pond and ground water supplied to the local population can create compliªcation with the arrival of fluoride level in water and prevalent dental lesion in the study area during 2007-08. In the present study fluoride has varied from 0.01 - 0.58 mg/L in river, 0.15 to 0.99 mg/L in Halali river, 0.18-1.08 mg/L in pond water and 0.010 - 2.4 mg/L in groundwater by Bhopal and near by villages Bhanpur, Bairagarh and Harrakheda. Cases of fluorosis were noted in certain areas of Bhopal region.

1 table, 16 ref

015619   Kalleshappa C M;Manjappa S;Aravinda H B; Pujar B G;Shanmukhappa S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere-577 004) : Ground water quality or irrigation in Honnali taluk, Davangere, Karnataka (India). Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 411-18.

Ground water samples from 83 villages in Honnali taluk of Davangere district were analyzed for their suitability for irrigation purpose with special reference to presence of fluoride content. Ground water in the study area was classified according to sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity. In most of the water samples, SAR, pH, F-and SO₄^2- were within the safe limits whereas EC, TDS, CI^-, HCO₃^- and NO₃^- were slight to moderate as per irrigation water quality guidelines. Ground water physico-chemical parameters were correlated with special reference to fluoride content by simple correlation analysis. The fluorid contents have positive correlation with pH, K⁺, Na⁺ and total alkalinity and negative correlation with EC, TDS, CI^-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄^- NO₃^- and total hardness.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

015618   Jena P;Behera D K;Mishra C S K (NO, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Basic Sci, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: cskmishra@yahoo.com) : Identification and TCLP inorganics study of solid waste from a sponge iron industry. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 549-52.

There are 104 coal based sponge iron in the state of Orissa, India with a production capacity ranging from 200 to 2000 tons per day. The manufacturing process involves reduction of iron ore by using non coaking coal with dolomite in rotary kilns. These industries generate huge quantities of solid wastes .Solid waste samples were analysed for pH, heavy metals and TCLP content. Heavy metals and TCLP content were measured by AAS. The results indicated that Zn, Ni, and Pb contents were relatively higher in comparison to Cu, Cd and Co. However non of the waste samples exceeded regulatory concentrations for designation as hazardous wastes. Leachable heavy metal contents too were not significant.

1 illus, 7 tables, 7 ref

015617   Jaishree Somwanshi L;Akuskar S K (Chemistry Department of Chemistry, , S.M.P., College Murum) : Physico-chemical analysis of the effluents and near by ground waters of balaji amines (Tamalwadi dist. Osmanabad) an amine manufacturing unit. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 489-90.

Physico chemical analysis of the effluents of the amine manufacturing factory (Balaji Amines, Tamalwadi Dist- Osmanabad) and of Ground water form the (dug well and bore well) for pre and post monsoon seasons of 2006 - 2007 has been carried out. Also reveals that the physico-chemical parameters are within the permiscible limits with slight variations in some parameters like, bicarbonate and chloridl both in pre and post seasons of 2006 and 2007.

^ssc2 tables, 2 ref

015616   Ingole S P;Bute V D (Environmental Science Dep, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati) : Bioadsorption: a solution for industrial wastewater pollution. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(1), 112-15.

Environmental conservation is an essential problem for mankind. Heavy metal ions along with hazardous organic and inorganic chemicals in water cause water pollution. Industrial effluents particularly the liquid wastes vary widely in quality and quantity and cause total imbalance of aquatic ecosystem. Industrial wastewater pollution control at low cost is a challenge to the entire fast growing countries. Scientists have been taking great efforts to remove organic and inorganic pollutants from water with various methods one of which is the use of adsorbing agents of biological origin such as Moringo seeds, Parthenium plants and others as these adsorbents are easily available in surrounding at low costs. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon by which impurities present in wastewater adheres to the bioadsorbents and removes the amount of impurities. Investigations on comparative study of wastewater pollution by using different bioadsorbents like Moringo oliefera seeds and Parthenium hysterophorus plants. These adsorbents are effective for the removal of pollutants. The physico - chemical analysis showed reduction in the different parameters in comparison with the initial readings. that Moringo seeds are found to be more effective in comparison with the Parthenium plants. The bioadsorbents are biodegradable and hence after their use create minimum or no pollution. Adsorption treatment is one of the efficient methods meant for minimizing the impurities without harm to the environment.

3 tables, 24 ref

015615   Gupta S;Buragohain K;Bhuyan J R (Ecology and Environmental Science Dep, Assam University, Silchar) : Importance of ponds in integrated water resource management in barak vallery, Assam, India. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 587-90.

Investigates the surface water quality and general environmental status of ponds in a rural area of Barak valley in the southern parts of Assam. Our study reveals that ponds can be a valuable asset to rural families by making them more self reliant in terms of domestic water supply and a potent source of supplementary income and fish protein for !heir own consumption.

3 tables, 13 ref

015614   Gunasekaran S;Natarajan R K;Balakrishnan M; Arul Antony S (Post Graduate and Research Physics Dep, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030) : Estimation of phenol in groundwater by fluorescence spectroscopic method. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(2), 104-11.

Spectrofluorometer SL 174 was used to measure the concentration of phenol present in groundwater. The intensity of fluorescence emitted was proportional to the concentration of the substance being investiªgated. 5tandard calibration curves were constructed by plotting the fluorescence intensiªties (in mV) against the concentration (ppm). Twelve groundwater samples were collected from the Industrial Estate at Guindy in south Chennai (S1 to S4) and the residential area nearby the Industrial Estate (S5 to S12) during November 2006 and March 2007. The fluoªrescence intensities of the groundwater samples were measured and the standard curves were used to estimate the concentrations of phenol present in those water samples. The estimated concentrations of phenol in the groundwater samples collected from the Indusªtrial Estate area at Guindy varied between 1.625 ppm (53) and 0.588 ppm (S4) and 1.431 ppm (S3) and 0.642 ppm (S1) during the sampling periods November 2006 and March 2007, respectively. The measured concentrations of phenol in the groundwater samples collected from the residential area nearby the Industrial Estate, Guindy, varied between 0.430 ppm (S9) and 0.018 ppm (S11) during the sampling period November 2006, while, that varied between 0.375 ppm (S9) and 0.024 ppm (S11) during March 2007. The results show that the phenol concentration exceeds 0.001 ppm in all the groundwater samples and exceeds 0.05 ppm in 83 % of the samples. The groundwater in the industrial area has been. contamiªnated by phenolic compounds and poses severe health risk to the consumers. The present method is easier, quick, and cost effective and can be employed effectively to determine the low concentration of phenol (0.01 ppm) in groundwaters as well as surface waters. Hence fluorescence detection of phenol can be used for identification and monitoring surªface water and groundwater pollution.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

015613   George A V;Koshy M (Chemistry Dep, Christian College, Chengannur, Kerala) : Water quality studies of Sasthamkotta lake of Kerala. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 419-24.

Sasthamkotta Lake is Kerala's biggest fresh water lake is facing degradation due to anthropogenic activities such as directing human waste, soil erosion due to destruction of vegetation and dumping of waste from hotels and slaughterhouses. This lake supplies water for the entire Kollam Dist. This lake is extensively used by local people for livelihood. The lake is enriched with a variety of flora and fauna. The impact of anthropogenic pressure on the lake is quite high and hence continues monitoring of this water body is essential. The water samples from different stations were analysed from a period March 2006 to August 2006 to investigate the water quality parameter.

1 table, 45 ref

015612   Ganesha A;Udayashnkar H N;Chadaga M (Civil Engineering Dep, MIT, Manipal) : Spatial distribution of pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of ground water of Udupi district, Karnataka state, India. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 575-8.

An attempt has been made to study the spatial distribution of pH, EC and IDS of ground water of Udupi district, Karnataka State, India during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons. The mean value of pH in the ground water varies from 6.7 in the pre monsoon to 5.8 in the post monsoon. The ground water is slightly acidic in nature during post monsoon season. The EC values range from 22.1μmhos/cm in the hinterland area to maximum of 10650 μmhos/cm in coastal area during pre monsoon season. The TDS values range from 12.6 mg/L to as high as 5934 mg/L in some regions of coastal area. In general most of the study area has good quality of ground water for domestic and agricultural practices which can be seen from the thematic maps presented.

7 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

015611   Fulekar M H;Anamika Singh;Geetha M (Life Sciences Dep, University of Mumbai, Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai-400 098) : Nanotechnology - an approach for remediation of environmental contaminants. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(1), 26-9.

Nanotechnology has promising applications for pollution prevention, treatment and remediation. The modernization, innovation and technological development have brought new products through the development of processes and technologies including the use of innovative materials fulfilling the demands of present generation. However, the technological development on the other hand causes pollution load in the soil-water environment. The modern technological advancement has given rise to new breed of products and pollutants. The pollutant emitted from different sources; contaminate air, water and soil environªment and thus disbalances the ecological system. The impact of pollutants on the ecosystem will be significant when the accumulated pollution load exceeds the pollution carrying capacity of the receiving environment. Detecting and detoxifying pollutants and minimizing the wastes are among the challenges; industries are facing today with modern technological development. The recent advances in the field of pollutant remediation using nanodevice will be an effective technique to keep the environment parameters within the limit values prescribed under the Environmental Protection Act (EPA). Environmental nanotechnology would be a new technological innovation to treat the contaminants bringing it to acceptable levels. Nanotechnology involves development of nanoscale structure matter at the atomic I molecular scale that involves the discipline of physics, chemistry, biology and even engineering. The development of biosensors and nanochip material using microbial remediation in bioreactor will be an advanced study to develop the pilot plant which will have direct applications for remediation I detoxification of the pollutant in order to balance the ecosystem. Nanotechnology offers great promises for new and improved technologies.

4 ref

015610   Dwivedi S L;Pathak V (Physical Sciences Dep, Faculty of Science and Environment, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot-485 331) : Trace elements in Mandakini river water at Chitrakoot. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(2), 131-36.

Water quality of river Mandakini was assessed form Sati Anusuya to Karwi. Altogether 4 samples were collected from each sampling station and 6 sampling stations were selected for analysis. The quality analysis was made through the estimation of turbidity, pH, Ee, total hardness, total alkalinity, DO, calcium, magnesium and trace elements, like as copper, lead, iron, manganese, cobalt and zinc, etc. The water quality of river Mandakini get deªgraded with respect to some of the analyzed parameters as it proceeds towards Karwi. Trace elements, like copper, lead, iron, manganese, cobalt and zinc were found within permissible limit prescribed by different water quality standards, USPHS, WHO and ISI.

4 tables, 15 ref

015609   Devi P;Baruah D;Baruah B K;Borkotoki A (Zoology Dep, Gauhati University of Zoology, Cotton College, Guwahati-781 001, Email: a_borkotoki@yahoo.com) : Impact of endosulfan on some haematological parameters of Channa punctatus (Bloch). Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 485-8.

Endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide widely used in the paddy field, tea garden of Assam and N.E India, creates serious threat to the environment as well as target and non-target organisms like aquatic and land dwelling animals. Investigation was undertaken to study the effects of endosulfan on some hematological parameters of Channa punctatus. Channa punctatus was treated with endosulfan and LC₅₀ value for 96 hrs was calculated following standard methods. The study revealed the declining trend of haemoglobin, RBC and increasing trend of WBC. Lysis of the blood cells were also observed. The decreasing trend of haemoglobin, RBC and neutrophils and increased numbers of WBC, lymphocytes and monocytes indicated "toxic effect of the insecticides on the fish species.

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

015608   Datta S N;Chakraborty S K;Jaiswar A K; Ziauddin G (Fisheries Resources Management Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University) ICAR, Versova Andheri (West), Mumbai-400 061, Email: surjya30740@yahoo.co.in) : Impact of natural and manmade disturbances on intertidal biodiversity of selected shores of Mumbai, India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3A), 1222-7.

Study was carried out to examine the biodiversity status of TIFR, Bandstand and NCPA rocky beaches in Mumbai, India. A total of 50 species of intertidal organisms were recorded from these shores. Kruskal Wallis ANOVA revealed the variation in occurrence of organisms in different months and quadrates. However, there was no variation in occurrence of organisms in different transects of a shore that indicates uniform distribution of organisms along the length of these shores. Bray-Curtis similarity matrix showed highest similarity in the pattern of occurrence of Nerita oryzarum (TIFR), Planaxis sulcatus (Bandstand), and N. oryzarum and Tectarius malaccanus (NCPA) shore. Shepard diagram from different sites indicates stressed condition of these shores. Abundance / biomass comparison (ABC) curve also pointed towards the polluted status of these shores. Thus the study concludes that though these beaches are disturbed, they still support a rich biodiversity which needs immediate attention for protection and conservation.

2 tables, 41 ref

015607   Chikile S;Sharma R (P.G. Botamy Dep, S.V.K.P. and Dr. K.S. Raju A and S College, Penugonda-534 320) : Toxic effects of Cd (NO₃)₂ on chlorophyll content of soybean and pigeonpea. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 457-9.

Study was carried out on toxic effects of cadmium nitrate on chlorophyll content of soybean and pigeon pea for two crop season. The concentration studied were 0.01M, 0.001M and 0.0001M. Chlorophyll content Markedly decreased in all the treated plants and the decline was directly related to the concentration.

2 tables, 17 ref

015606   Chikile S J;Sharma R (P.G. Botany Dep, S.V.K.P. and Dr. K.S. Raju Arts and Science College, Penugorda-534 320, Email: reetashrma14@yahoo.com) : Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.). Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 407-10.

Investigation on bioaccumulation of heavy metals like lead, cadmium and mercury by pigeonpeaªan important pulse crop of India, were undertaken. The experiments were performed to evaluate the extend of accumulation of these metals in the aerial parts of the plant. The plants were treated with different concentration of the metals in the form of their nitrates. The treatments were given through soil on alternate days till harvesting. The samples for studying bioaccumulation were collected every week till the end. The accumulation of metals in the plants was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The order of accumulation of these metals for the same treatment concentration was found to be Pb>Cd>Hg.

2 illus, 28 ref

015605   Chavan B L;Ustad I R (Environmental Science Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Comparison of vermicompost with pit compost prepared from municipal solid waste. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 66-8.

Vermi-compost has higher values of NPK as compared to open pit compost. The NPK contents in vermicompost were 1.66, 0.79 and 0.83% whereas these were 0.49, 0.21, and 0.41% in pit compost respectively.

1 table, 19 ref

015604   Chaurasia S;Dwivedi R;Dwivedi P;Rajesh Singh (Zoology Dep, Govt Girls College, Satna-485 001) : Hospital waste management and its probable health effect. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(1), 16-19.

A study was conducted to evaluate the current status of hospital waste management (HWM) in Satna city. Though this investigation, it has been quite evident that a satisfactory hospital waste management system in government hospitals and private clinic is severely lacking. The waste is generally dumped in a public place, such as the hospital surroundings, roadside or city corporation dustbin. Laboratory analysis shows existing conªtamination of infectious agent in the environment. The study indicates that there is a need to improve handling and disposal methods of hospital waste in almost all the available medical facilities. Based on the analysis of the situation, several suggestions and recommendations have been made to aid in the development of waste management system.

1 table, 2 ref

015603   Chatterjee T;Sengupta S;Saha T;Ghosh P B (NO, Institute of Environment Studies of Wetland Management, B4 LA Block, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700 093, Email: tamoghna_chatterjee@rediffmail.com) : Impact of fly ash on soil from coal fired power station in West Bengal. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3A), 1432-35.

Huge amount of fly ash generated by combustion of coal in thermal power plants is considered as one of the potential source of heavy metal contamination in the surrounding cultivated soils. Crops grown in the soils contaminated with fly ash are rich in heavy metals and consumption of such crops pose hazards to the human health. An attempt was made to study the level of occurrence and mode of distribution of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni and agricultural soils near some ash pond in the periphery of one of the largest thermal power plant of West Bengal. Chemical analysis of the topsoil revealed that the levels and trends of distribution of metals were distinctly different showing normal distribution in essential metals (Cu, Zn and No) and abnormal distribution of the toxic metals (pb, Cd, Cr and As). Besides, the grain size distribution were also studied for investigating the change of textural classes of the soil in this region due to fly ash.

4 tables, 16 ref

015602   Bobdey A D;Bhagat V B;Meshram C B;Dhande R S (Zoology Dep, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati) : Trophic status of ambadi dam in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of its water. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(2), 214-16.

Dams and rivers are the lifeline of the rural peoples, for their drinking purpose, irrigation, fisheries and other agricultural activities. In the present study, an attempt has been made to record the trophic status of the Ambadi Dam. During the study period various correlations were recorded for different parameters. The dam shows average gross primary production of 396.08 gC/l/day and net primary production of 119.90 gC/l/day. The values of dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.30 to 6.60 mg/l, while Carbon dioxide in the dam water ranged from 1.00 to 8.00 mg/l. organic matter present in the sediments originated from the runoff matter and in associated with anthropogenic activities is the source of nutrients of dam water. Average concentration of nitrates and phosphates were recorded 0.13 mg/l and 14.72 mg/l respectively. Dam water shows well alkaline pH. Total dissolved solids in water of dam showed peak value of 1040.00 mg/l. microbial population in the soil sediments and in water, with abundance of phytoplankton showed the mesotrophic nature of Ambadi dam.

13 ref

015601   Bindhu S;Selvamohan T (Microbiology Dep, Sivanthi Aditanar College, Pillayarpuram-629 501) : Assessment of ground water quality-Dharmapuram panchayat Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 439-44.

The physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of ground water samples collected in Dharmapuram village, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu was assessed. For this sample were collected from 30 different sampling locations. The results revealed that all analyzed parameters were within maximum desirable limit with an exceptation of 2 samples. Despite this it was evident from the analyses that in tested ground water samples the bacteriologiªcal quality was not under acceptable level and 50% to the samples were antammiated wilt coliforms. Other microbial genera were also showed their existance in 30% samples. This c1earlv indicated the natural and extend of microbial antamination in the ground water samples of the selected villages of Kanyakumari district.

6 tables, 8 ref

015600   Bihari Singh;Singh K K;Singh S P;Pandey V K (P.G. Environmental Sciences Dep, A.N. College, Patna) : Quality assessment of Chitte river water in Aizawal city of Mizoram. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 12-15.

Reports the study on water quality of Chitte river of Aizawal city. The study includes physico-chemical and biological parameters of river water in upstream and downstream. It also reports survey on health status of inhabitants in the city. The study reveals the fact that the system of sewage in city is not proper. There is of course fluctuation in parameters throughout the year but the quality of river water as a whole is good. The health status of inhabitant of the city is by and large, good.

2 tables, 2 ref

015599   Bhatia D;Pareek P;Anjali;Malik A;Bhupender Singh;Rajender Kumar;Bishnoi K (Energy and Environmental Science Dep, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125-055, Email: anjumalik27@yahoo.com) : Assessment of ground water quality parameters and correlation analysis of tehsil mandi dabwali, Sirsa, Haryana, India. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 579-86.

Study of the ground water of Tehsil Mandi Oabwali in Haryana, has been carried out to examine its suitability for drinking purposes. From the analysis of ground water, samples collected from the tube well, hand pump and canal water. The data was analysed with reference to ISI and WHO standards. It is found that groundwater is safe for drinking purposes from the point of view of levels of pH, electrical conductivity, magnesium, chloride and nitrate. However, the water quality parameters such as fluoride, total hardness and calcium were beyond the permissible limit. So, it is suggested that the groundwater should be treated to remove excess fluoride. Total hardness and Calcium to make fit for consumption. The correlation coefficient has been reckoned for the water quality parameters. Significant linear relationships among some water quality parameters have been obtained which can be used for rapid monitoring of water quality parameters.

16 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

015598   Bharali I;Baruah B K;Sarma H P (Environmental Science Dep, Gauhait University, Assam) : Physico-chemical characteristics of water of the wetlands in Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 591-7.

Deals with the physico-chemical characteristics of water of the wetlands in Kaziranga National ark, Assam. Seven perennial wetlands, frequently visited by wildlife, were selected for the study. Thirteen water quality parameters were analysed and the values were found well within the permissible limit, indicating suitability and sustainability of wetlands for aquatic organisms and wild life.

1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

015597   Bhangale P P;Chauhan J S (S.S.G.B.C.O.E. and T., Bhusawal (M.S.) SATI (Engg. College), , Vidisha Madhya Pradesh, Email: pankal_mona2008@yahoo.co.in) : Utilization of ponded fly ash - a holistic approach to environmental protection. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 85-9.

The present investigation intends to study on Ponded fly ash and its utilization In spite of the development of number of technology for gainful utilization of fly ash, a large quantity of fly ash produced in the thermal power plant is disposed off in the ash ponds. These ponds when exhausted in capacity are left with soil cover remain unutilized. If is estimated that more than 40,000 Hectors of land are in cover of abandoned ash ponds Greater utilization of fly ash will lead to not only saving of scarce construction material, but also assist in saving the problem of disposal and environmental protection of this waste product from thermal power stations.

3 tables, 8 ref

015596   Basavaraja D;Narayana J;Puttaiah E T (P.G. Studies and Research in Environmental Science Dep, Kuvempu University, Sharakaraghatta-577 451) : Irrigation water quality assessment of anjanapura reservoir. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(2), 145-51.

Water quality of Anjanapura reservoir In Shimoga district has been carried out to know the suitability of reservoir water for irrigation purpose. The water quality was monitored at four sampling points for a period of 12 month. Physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, alkaªlinity, EC, TDS, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, sodium and potassium were studªied and discussed. The analytical data indicate that pH of water was close to neutral condition. The pH, alkalinity, EC, TDS, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate and sodium show positive correlation with each other. However, sodium percentage was high during summer and winter season (> 60%). On the other hand, reservoir water belongs to C1-S1 class (low salinity and low sodium water). The sodium percentage and SAR values indicate that reservoir water belong to the category of excellent to good water quality as per the irrigation standards.

9 illus, 6 tables, 11 ref

015595   Baluni D C;Desnayakam;Shishir Kumar;Nutan Kumari;Baluni S K (Zoology Dep, R.D.S. College, Bra B Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, Email: dcbaluni@gmail.con) : Seasonal variation in abiotic factors of two ponds of muraul block, Muzaffarpur district (North Bihar). Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 99-107.

The two perennial fish ponds, in the present investigation, are situated in the Muraul Block at a distance of nearly 25 Km east of Muzaffarpur town. In course of study of abiotic factors, temperature variation shared an annual cycle. The fluctuations in water temperature were clear in summer season and affected by hours of sun-shine and cloud cover. It showed two maxi mar and two minimal peaks in a year. Water level and rainfall were found directly related. Turbidity showed irregular fluctuation. The value of pH, was alkaline. The amount of dissolved oxygen was normal and it was never high. Free carbon dioxide was relatively higher in concentration. Concentration of phosphate was found always low. Temperature and dissolved O₂ were observed to be related directly. Free CO₂ and pH were not directly related with each other. Low concentration of phosphate might be due to huge quantity of water of this pond throughout the year. All abiotic components, such as, temperature, pH, O₂, free CO₂ showed two maxima and two minima during investigation period. The seasonal abundance of total plankton revealed its peak values occurring during summer, followed by secondary peak during winter.

2 tables, 28 ref

015594   Bajpasizs A;Vyas A;Verma N;Mishra D D (NO, Makhanlal Chaturoedi University, Bhopal-462 011, Email: bajpai_avinash@rediffmail.com) : Effect of idol immersion on water quality of twin lakes of Bhopal with special reference to heavy metals. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 517-22.

Water quality of lake normally get contaminated every where by accumulation of sediments, human waste, silt, organic matter, industrial waste but in India different type of religious activities (Idol immersion) are taking place every year, to which other countries are not concerned. The water bodies selected for the study are Upper and Lower lakes of Bhopal, M.P., India. The immersion of idol of Lord Ganesh and Goddess Durga during Ganesh Ustav and Navratris festival is a major source of contamination and sedimentation to the lake water. The idol are been made up of Clay, Plaster of paris, cloth, paper, wood, thermocol, jute, adhesive material and synthetic paints etc. Out of the all material used in making the idol, thermocol is Non-Biodegradable while paints contain heavy metals such as Chromium, Lead, Cadmium and Mercury. Study was under taken to evaluate heavy metal contemination through this activity. Findings of the study shows an increasing trend of heavy metal after idol immersion, nickel, lead and mercury may magnify in their concentrations at different tropic levels, including in fishes and birds inhabiting the lake, which finally reach the humans through food.

8 tables, 23 ref

015593   Arunkumar S L;Chandrakantha G (Applied Geology Dep, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451) : Geographic information system and groundwater quality mapping in Varada river basin, Sagar Taluk, Shivamogga district, Karnataka. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(5), 414-29.

Varada river basin of Shivamogga district, Karnataka is the study area for groundwater quality mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area is typically covered by the indurated horizons of ferruginous duricrust, that is laterite, though the basin receives heavy rainfall, it frequently faces water scarcity problems as well as water quality problems in some specific areas. Hence, a GIS based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out in the region with the help of data generated from chemical analysis of water samples collected from the basin. Groundwater samples show quality exceedence in hardness, values. The parameters indicate the level of quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Arc view 3.2a GIS software was used for generation of various thematic maps and spatial data by creating contours to know the quality of the groundwaªter. Different ionic groundwater quality map shows pictorially representing groundwater zones that are desirable and undesirable for drinking and irrigation purposes. The chemical relationships in Piper and Gibbs diagram suggest that the groundwater mainly belongs to acidic to neutral and chemistry of the rock types. A comparison of groundwater quality in relations to drinking water quality standards proves that most of the water samples are suitable for drinking and as well as for irrigation.

10 illus, 10 tables, 41 ref

015592   Anilkumar P P;Joseph M A (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Bangalore-560 068) : Metallic pollution in sewage water and collecting tank in Bangalore. Geobios 2009, 36(4), 253-6.

Analysis of the waste water collected in the Agara tank of Bangalore and the plant species growing in and around the tank were carried out and the results showed that harmful heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, etc. are present beyond the permissible limits. These plants are being used as cattle fodder by the farmers posting heavy metal hazard through food chain. Other water parameers like Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), hardness, dissolved and suspended solids were also beyond the permissible limit.

3 illus, 5 ref

015591   Ali S;Jain P (Campion School, Bhopal & Research Scholar Chem Dep, Govt. M. V. M., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of soap and detergent waste on bacterial population in upper lake Bhopal M.P. (India). Ultra Scient phys Sci 2009, 21(2), 407-10.

Study aims to assess the influence of wastes coming from washing clothes on TOTAL COLIFORMS (TC) which are present in lakes. Two locations were chosen for the monitoring in the Upper Lake of Bhopal city. The standard method as prescribed by APHA was followed during sampling and analytical study. Maximum counts of the TC was observed at stream of water near which washing activity is going on. In drinking water coming from upper lake the' coliforms were observed nil due to effective chlorination. Counts of harmful bacteria was increased due to wastes coming from soap and detergent effluents.

2 tables, 6 ref

015590   Agnihotri P;Husain T (Taxonomy and Biodiversity Div, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001) : Effect of climate change on the phenology of Hypericum oblongifolium choisy (Hypericaceae). Geobios 2009, 36(4), 317-18.

^ssc8 ref

013566   Yodsanti P;Sisatit T (Inter-department of Environmental Science, Chulalongkorn Univ, Thailand) : Effect of domestic wastewater treatment options on water quality of the lower Phechaburi river, Thailand. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 1-7.

The aim of this study was to assess the water quality of the lower Phetchaburi River by enhancing the wastewater treatment plant construction and increasing BOD treatment efficiency. A hydrodynamic and water quality simulation had been carried out for the present condition in the river and calibrated and validated with wet and dry season data. Calibrated model was used to simulated various scenarios. Among scenarios, scenarios of the three new wastewater treatment plants construction and BOD treatment efficiency up to 10 and 5 mg/l were found most significant for BOD reduction. The water quality improvement of the lower Phetchaburi River still requires reducing domestic wastewater and releasing more water from the Phet Dam in dry season.

7 illus, 7 ref

013565   Virupaksha K;Shrihari S;Madhyastha M N;Baby Narayan K S (Civil Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Srinivasanagar, Surathkal, Mangalore-575 025, Email: virunitk@gmail.com) : New diversity index for evaluation of environmental quality. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 254-7.

A new diversity index for quantifying the ecological status of any ecosystem was proposed, which was derived from the represented species abundance data. In situations where there is only the data of species or genus abundance is available, the new index is helpful by responding to altered community structure and also to the diversity. This index was derived from mathematical normalization technique, wherein the sum of proportions of all the represented species abundance to the maximum abundant species. The index value can range from zero to maximum (n). Though this index was initially designed to assess species diversity, the implications of this index can be extended in delineating the resilient species and dominant species in any ecosystem. Moreover this simple index can be derived with minimum computational efforts and can be applied universally irrespective of the geographical region, the ecosystem and the community.

^ssc1 table, 10 ref

013564   Vijay Kumar (NO, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: vkumar@iifm.ac.in) : Determination of choice of species on mine overburden plantations : a case study of Renukut Forest Division, U.P., (India). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 132-46.

Mining necessarily destroys the ecosystem. This is more true in case of open cast mining, which creates huge quantity of overburden dumps. Because of this overburden, soil microbes, plant growth, soil structure and soil texture etc. all are disturbed badly affecting the habitat and or congenial conditions for species - flora and fauna. Attempt is made to component/minimize this loss by mine overburden plantation. This study has been undertaken in Renukut Forest Division (Kakri Range) to assess the changes in tree species (after and before mining) and its suitability on mine over burden plantations. It has been found that performance/survival are better in newly added species in which dominancy is of short rotation species, as compared to that in the continuing species (i.e. species which were present prior to mining plus newly added species). The possible reasons of changes in species and their performance have been identified as changes in soil structure, soil texture, soil porosity soil nutrient composition etc. It has been recommended that species suitable in general, should be given preference in mine over burden plantations from the angle of maintaining and or improving bio-diversity. It has been suggested that long term field trials should be undertaken and a system of collection of technical data on regular basis should be developed and practiced.

10 tables, 19 ref

013563   Veena Kumari;Lal B B (Zoology Dep, C.B. College, Bhalki, Dist. Bidar, Karnataka-584 328, Email: bikrantji@gmail.com) : Climate change - a major threat to wetlands : a case study of bhalki wetlands (India). J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 787-92.

Climate change is posing very serious challenge and becoming very hazardous problem not only for human beings but also for thousand of species. Rate of global warming is increasing day by day due to several anthropogenic pressures and natural causes also. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the effect of climate change on five (05) major tanks of Bhalki taluka in Bidar district of Karnataka State. Almost all the tanks except one have been constructed before 50 years. Accordingly the present scenario is the actual representation of status of each tank what have been happening during the last 50 years or half a century. As per observation, it is observed that areas of almost all the tanks have been badly effected and reduced by 30 to 40% in comparison to actual area as per record. The living beings status are also going to decrease day by day. All the wetlands possess different types of pollution which are harmful for crops and other plants as well as animals which depend on tank water. As per Meteorological Department's record, maximum temperature before 50 years was 40° C and at present it increases upto 45° C. It is a serious warning signal specially for this region and if this rate of increasing temperature persists, then during next 50 to 100 years all these categories of wetlands will become completely dry which indirectly effect ground water level and sustainable agriculture leading to question of survival of living beings including human beings. Hence greater attention is required specially by Government bodies and NGOs to protect extinction of such types of wetlands available on this earth.

013562   Tharavathy N C (Bioscience Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalore, Karnataka) : Ground water quality in Mangalore city, India. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 140-5.

Nine groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, solids, hardness, chloride, phosphate, sulphate, calcium, magnesium and iron contents by adopting standard methods. The results were evaluated in accordance with the WHO and BSI standards. pH showed marked increase when compared to the values of twenty years back. In two stations namely, Panamboor and Hoige Bazaar, the pH was above the WHO drinking water standards. The values of DO, alkalinity, solids, hardness, chloride, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and iron in the present study met below the BSI and WHO drinking water standards. The quality of sulphate in all samples except in Konaje and Kavoor was more than the standards prescribed by the BSI and WHO.

2 tables, 12 ref