013561   Thakur C L;Bhardwaj S D;Bawa R;Chauhan R (Silviculture and Agroforestry Dep, Horticulture & Forestry Univ, Nauni, Solan-173 230) : Phytosociological studies of winter migratory grazing site in Himachal Pradesh, India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2), 663-6.

The study on phytosociology of winter grazing site was conducted at three different altitudinal locations in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh to have preliminary information about the existing flora. The grazing site has been exploited by the migratory graziers who shaft with their herds of sheep and goats to these grazing lands during winter and higher pastures during summer months. The winter grazing site remains under heavy pressure when migratory graziers stay over there for 4-5 months temporality during winter months. The present studies consist of working out basal area, relative frequency, dominance and density of different floral components including trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses and finally calculating their importance value index (1VI) to know the dominant, co-dominant and rarely distributed species at the study site. The species diversity was also calculated to find out richness of particular vegetational components (trees, shrubs, herbs and grases) at different altitudinal locations.

3 tables, 7 ref

013560   Taskeen A;Naeem I;Mubeen H;Moeen T (Chemistry Dep, Lahore College for Women Univ, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: ismat4-naeem@yahoo.co.in) : Comparison of biomasses of different plants for phytoemediation of arsenic. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(4), 2857-60.

The removal of heavy metals from drinking water, lake and waste water is crucial issue concern to health. The brake fern, Pteris vittata, is claimed to be the first found to function as an arsenic hyper accumulator. Phytoremediation by water hyacinth presents a potential solution to the arsenic problem. In the present study three plants (Calotropis procera, Eichhoenia crassipes and Pteris vittata) biomasses are selected and there arial parts and roots (dry biomasses) are compared for the first time. Also these plants are checked for the presence of other metals. After the removal of metal the treated water is then checked for the drinking water parameters. It was found that roots of Calotropis procera are best of biomasses selected for the phytoremediation of arsenic. The capacity of removal of Calotropis roots was also determined. After treatment water samples meet all EPA standards for drinking water.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

013559   Tahir Nalbantcilar M;Guzel A;Durduran S S (Geological Engineering Dep, Selcuk Univ, Konya, Turkey, Email: tahir111@hotmail.com) : Assessment of groundwater vulnerability contamination potetial of Konya, Turkey, using hydrogeological specifications and GIS. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(4), 2925-34.

The aims of this study to assess the potential groundwater contamination impacts on unconfined aquifer from which most of the drinking water in a part of Konya is withdrawn. For assessing the vulnerability, 7 hydrogeological maps are used. These maps, depth to the groundwater, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity are established and overlaid in GIS for the area. The overlaid (DRASTIC index) map indicates high vulnerability potential at central areas of the city. Groundwater samples are collected from different vulnerable areas. Chemicals (As, Cd, Ni and Pb) are analyze for testing of contamination degree. It is observed that the vulnerability category determines the contamination degree. The model is a useful and correct technique for assessing the aquifer safety.

4 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

013558   Srivastava R K;Beohar P A (Environmental Research Laboratory, P.G. Dep of Environment Science, Government Science, Government Model, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Turninning garbage in to gold : for ecofriendly environment by vermiculture technology. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 266-8.

9 ref

013557   Srinivas C;Piska R S;Roberts J (Zoology Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabadi-500 007) : Water quality parameters of two urban lakes of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 183-90.

Deals with the water quality status of 2 urban lakes, Gurram Lake at Chandrayangutta and Saiamraj lake at Golkonda of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. These lakes are receiving domestic sewage and other effluents from nearby areas. The water quality parameters like pH, Electric conductivity, Dissolved oxygen, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chlorides, Phosphates, Sulphates, Total Dissolved SolidsCTDS), Total Suspended Solids(TSS), Total solids, BOD, GOD and Heavy metals like zinc, lead and iron were analysed for both die lakes for the period of one year from August, 2007 to September, 2008. All the water quality parameters are high and exceeding the permissible limits prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Indian Standards (IS) The results clearly indicate that, the lakes are severely polluted and the lakes are grouped in to category "E" as per CPCB water quality criteria. The water is not suitable for drinking and irrigation and fishery development.

1 table, 42 ref

013556   Singh S;Bhargava A K (Botany Dep, M.S. College, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of automobile exhausts on some biochemical characteristic of road side Oryza sativa L. cv. PR-14. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 551-3.

The summarizes the effect of air pollution on road side rice crop particularly through automobile exhausts discharged by high traffic density on the Haridwar-Roorkee main Road of district Haridwar. On the road side rice crop is grown by the local farmers. Therefore rice crop parts have been collected from 20m distance away from the road side as well as from 200m distance away from the road side determine the effect of automobile exhausts on total heavy metal uptake by Rice plants. The results show great variation in the development and number of spikelets in Rice plants present at 20m distance away from road side as compared to crop present at 200m distance away from road side. The total nitrogen concentration in root arid shoot is more in control condition than the experimental condition. The total heavy metal uptake by roots is more in control condition than the experimental condition.

2 tables, 9 ref

013555   Singh N;Singh T;Naresh Kumar (Botany Dep, Faculty of Science, C.C.R. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of environment on clustering pattern in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 203-6.

Genetic divergence was studied in 40 genotypes of bread wheat to assess the nature and extent of diversity over four diverse environments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant genotypic differences for all the environments studied. The genotypes were grouped in eight clusters each in E-I and E-II and six clusters each in E-III and E-IV. The only genotype MP-4010 in E-III was observed most divergent among all. The maximum contribution to the divergence was made for harvest index followed by grain yield. Three genotypes (HD-2643, NIAW-34 and RAJ-3077) were screened most desirable and stable for early heading and early maturing character. Four genotypes (GW-366, HD-2733, PBW-533 and SUJATA) were found most stable for high mean grain yield.

5 tables, 7 ref

013554   Singh D;Mishra B;Saxena S;Mishra V;Gupta P; Shukla S P;Singh N B (Civil Engineering Dep, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Email: dhir81@gmail.com) : Mercury pollution through compact fluorescent lamps : an eye opender. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 183-91.

This paper focuses on mercury pollution through Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) bulbs which are energy-efficient, money-saving replacements for traditional incandescent light bulbs because it consumes up to 75 percent less energy than incandescent light bulbs and last up to 10 times longer. Beside this the amount of mercury contained in a CFL bulb is five milligrams. The mercury could be in the form of invisible vapors and if mercury is discharged in improper manner, it will cause serious problems related to environment. Mercury is a neurotoxin that affects the nerve cells function, and can also affects the brain, kidneys and lungs. Improperly disposed lamps are a liability; these disposed spent lamps may be held liable for contaminated waste sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). The paper is intended to serve for the discussions of how to set up a CFL recycling program, also about disposal and problems scenario associated with mercury found in CFLs.

^iia1 table, 16 ref

013553   Shukla S P (Civil Engineering Dep, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow-226 021, Email: sps.iet@gmail.com) : Characterization of a atmospheric PM₁₀ of a commercial area in Kanpur city (India). J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 770-9.

Atmospheric particle characteristics and concentrations, function of season, are critical in neutralizing the atmospheric acidity. The winter levels of particulate matter (PM) are generally lower than those in summer at many locations. Reduction in PM levels in the winter months could be due to the near absence of soil dust in the atmosphere because of low wind speeds in winter. For modeling purpose, PM₁₀ (n=91) and soil samples were collected from a commercial area of Kanpur City (India) during 2000-01. The collected samples were analyzed for metals and water soluble ions and results were utilized for factor analysis and source apportionment estimations. The result has shown two major components, soil and road dust and secondary particles contributing 75%, 57% and 27% (to PM₁₀) during summer, monsoon and winter seasons. It suggests that soil and road dust and secondary particles are key components both from air pollution point of view.

4 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

013552   Shrivastava S (Botany Dep, Govt. M.L.B. Girl's P.G. (Auto) College, Bhopal, Email: shrivastavashobha77@yahoo.com) : Phytoremediation of inorganics in industrial and urban contaminated soils. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 796-9.

Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significant for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional and environmental reasons. Phyto extraction is the best approach to remove the contaminations from soil. In order to evaluate Phytoremediation and green house study was designed and implemented to examine the fate of Nickel (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd) in soil and plant tissues.

^ssc3 tables, 12 ref

013551   Sharma A;Sahu R K (Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Botany Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi, Uttarakhand) : Morphological variations in chlorophyceae (green algae) due to polluted water of Damodar river running through Kathara area, Bokaro, Jharkhand. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 231-4.

Elucidates morphological variations in Chlorophyceae (green algae) in relation to water quality of Damodar river along Kathara area. Damodar river is well known for establishment of coal based industries along its basin area. Kathara area of Bokaro district is one of the most productive coal mines. Mining activities like open cast mining, underground mining and coal washery have been conducted here. These mining activities release several kinds of pollutants like coal dust, ashes, oils and grease, floatation agents, flocculation agents etc. per day. All these effluents are directly added to river without recycling resulting in the change of physico-chemical characters of water and soil leading to morphological variation of algae. The study area has been divided into three sites as per quality of pollutants and their locations. Water as well as algal specimens were collected regularly from the above three sites for consecutive years 2005-07. Parameters taken were pH, Temperature, TSS, TDS, oils and grease, ammonical nitrogen, BOD, COD, arsenic, hexavalent Cr, fluoride and sulphide and estimated by standard procedure as prescribed by APHA(1985). Altogether 50 species of chlorophyceae belonging to 14 genera were recorded and studied. Morphological variations were clearly observed especially in species of Ulothrix, Stigeoclonium, Oedogonium, Bulbochaete etc. Severe morphological variations were observed in all the above genera during study. Cultural studies were also conducted in the laboratory in different culture media.

2 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

013550   Shah T A;Verma V;Ali A (Gene Expression Laboratory, Biosciences Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110 025, Email: shahtanveer@yahoo.com) : Mercury resistence in E. coli strains isolated from aquatic environments of India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1056-61.

Mercury resistance in bacteria (E. coli) at five different locations in India was studied. Physico-chemical parameters of the samples, collected from water bodies of four geographically distinct regions and hospital settings in India were checked and the samples were subsequently used for the isolation of E. coll strains. Out of 30 isolates of E. cali, eight strains showed significantly high levels of tolerance to the inorganic form of mercury i.e. mercury chloride (HgCl₂). Antibiotic and mercury resistance correlation was examined in the isolated E. coli strains. The eight highly resistant strains revealed the presence of plasmid of approximately 24 Kb.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

013549   Saxena G;Prakash M M (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Mhow, Madhya Pradesh) : Abiotic factors of Yashwant nagar taalab, Mhow (M.P.). Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 121-6.

In the present paper the status of water quality of Yashwant Nagar Taalab was determined. The different parameters which were analyzed during the study are temperature, conductivity. pH, total suspended solid. DO. BOD. silicates, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate. During course of study-minor differance were observed in parameter studied.

2 tables, 44 ref

013548   Sashi V;John N (Plant Dep, Biology and Plant Biotechnology, P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Xylanase production from Aspergillus niger using rice bran as a carbon source. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 161-6.

Aim of this study is to produce the xylanase enzyme, (which plays a key role in paper and pulp industries) from Aspergillus niger. Hence in order to reduce the cost of the substrate for xylanase production, several agricultural residues such as rice bran, saw dust, pine apple fiber, coir pith, and orange peels, sweet lime peels were tested for the maximum xylanase production. Among the tested agricultural residues, rice bran was evolved as the best suitable substrate for maximum xylanase production. All the other agricultural residues were able to produced less amount of xylanase. The production of xylanase by Aspergillus niger was examined on rice bran under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The optimum pH and temperature for xylanase production by SSF was 6.5 and 35°C respectively. Time course experiments indicated maximum xylanase production at 144 hours. Amendment of fructose and sodium nitrate in the medium proved suitable for higher xylanase production.

7 illus, 34 ref

013547   Saravana Ganthi A;Berkmans S A (Botany Dep, Rani Anna Govt. College for Women, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu) : Assessment of the quality of water from Tiruchendur temple, Tamil Nadu. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 177-80.

Tiruchendur is very popular sea shore temple. Being the second Aarupadai veedu of Lord Muruga, millions of pilgrims from all over India visit Tiruchendur every year. Thousands of people take the pilgrims tours every day. They require good accommodation, hospitality and drinking water. The quality of water is one of essential criteria for the tourism so the present work aimed to analyse the drinking water quality and to analyse the quality of water used for domestic purposes. Physico-chemical studies of water were made from Dec. 2006 to March 2007 at an intermittent period of four months. The study also included the collection and study of garbage materials in the beach area.

2 tables, 6 ref

013546   Saraswathamma S;Nirmala Kumari B;Sailaja K; Yellamma K (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Aluminium toxicity to catecholamines in rat brain. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 223-30.

Study demonstrates toxic effects of aluminium on catecholamines of albino rat brain. LD50/24h for aluminium as per probit method was 700 mg/kg body weight. 1/5th of lethal dose was taken as sub-lethal dose. For acute dose studies, rats were given a single lethal dose of aluminium acetate orally for one day only and for chronic dose studies, rats were administered with sub-lethal doses once in a day for 25 days continuously. Various constituents of catecholamines were determined in selected regions of rat brain at selected time intervals and days. The results revealed that the levels of all catecholamines were inhibited differentially in different areas of brain showing region specific response of brain to both modes of exposures to aluminium. However, all these constituents exhibited recovery trend which more pronounced under chronic exposure when compared to acute exposure. Further, these changes in catecholamines were finally manifested in behaviour of rat.

3 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

013545   Santhaveerana goud B;Mahendra B G (Faculty of Engineering-CIVIL, UVCE, Bangalore Univ, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore-560 056, Email: bgm_pda@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of soil characteristics on bioremediation of hydrocarbons contaminated soil. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 734-41.

The growth of industrialization and population ultimately results in the pollution of soil, water, air and other components of the environment. The soil is a medium for the growth of plants and microorganisms; as such soil is a major component of a bioremediation system. Hence, research on bioremediation should take into account the influence of physical and chemical characteristics of the contaminated soil. The bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil has not received much attention of researchers. Thus, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted on three different types of soil, with the aim of developing a new method of bioremediation, in addition to other controlling factors, taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of soil for remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil, and to identify the most suitable soil type, which is potential for bioremediation using indigenous microorganisms.

2 tables, 10 ref

013544   Sannasi P;Kader J;Othman O;Salmijah S (NO, INTI International Univ College Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, N. Sembilan, Malaysia, Email: palsan@intimal.edu.my) : Physical growth and biomass characterization of bacterial cells exposed to Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 8-18.

Describes the growth characterization of consortium culture (CC) comprising an acclimatized mixed bacterial culture in aqueous solution containing heavy metal ions, namely Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II). Microscopy and biochemical tests performed revealed that consortium culture (CC), an environmental mixed bacterial culture to predominantly consist of six Gram negative (Pseitdomonas sp, Serratia sp, Flavobacterium sp, Chryseomonas sp, Xanthomonas sp, and Agrobacterium sp) and three Gram positive (Bacillus sp, Arthrobacter sp, and Micrococcus sp) bacteria. The isolates are combination of strains that have been screened intensively and developed from a pool of mixed cultures isolated from point and non-point sources of areas related to metal-based activities. As the extent of heavy metal removal by CC has been characterized elsewhere, we focused into factors that contribute to efficient and effective metal loading. Physiological changes were apparent in CC as significant increase in flocculation index (IF) and decrease in degree of hydrophobicity were observed (p < 0.05) in cells grown in the presence of metals, determined from the flocculation test and bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH) method. Analysis by Fourier transformed infra-red (FTIR) not only revealed the existence of an array of functional groups (i.e. amides, amines, carboxyls, carbonates, phosphates, sulfhydryls, and sulfates) that are known to facilitate metal binding but also the emergence of two new peaks in the presence of metals, one that corresponds to C=O stretch, possibly of carboxyl or carbonate in nature, and a second yet to be identified peak. The information is useful for bioremediation applications of wastewater treatment by understanding the effects exerted by the presence of heavy metals towards growth of bacterial cells.

4 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

013543   Sanjay Kumar;Phogat V;Satayavan;Kaushik R D; Sharma S K (Soil Science Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: sanjay7228@hou.ernet.in) : Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation of Adampur block, Hisar, Haryana. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 857-9.

The study was based on 437 ground water samples collected randomly from Adampur block of Hisar district. The study revealed that 35.47% of the samples showed EC values less than 4 dS/m and rest of the samples had EC values above 4 dS/m which falls either in saline or high SAR saline categories. The maximum samples were found in saline (47.6%) category followed by marginally saline (15.1%). Good quality category recorded 11.9% of samples and high SAR saline category accounted for 13.04% of samples. The per cent samples in sodic classes were 2.06, 0.92 and 9.39% in marginally alkali, alkali, and high alkali classes, respectively. The concentration of Na+, Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² ions generally increased with increase in EC of the water samples. Chlorides and HCO₃- were found in appreciable quantities whereas CO₃^-2 were in traces. The ground waters of Adampur block are Na-Mg-Ca type dominated by chloride. The brackish waters are saline in nature. Good quality and marginally saline waters can be successfully used for crop production without any hazardous effect on soil and plant.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

013542   Sampanpanish P;Tippayasak K;Chairat-utai P (National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste M, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: pantawat.s@chula.ac.th) : Chromium accumulation by phytoremdiation with monocot weed plant species and a hydroponic sand culture system. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 654-66.

The accumulation of chromium by three monocot species Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colonum and Vetiveria nemoralis cultivated in a hydroponic sand culture system was investigated in this study. The capacity for chromium removal and the accumulation of chromium in different parts of the three monocot species were studied at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg Cr-vi/kg of sand for growing periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The results obtained from this study show that the highest accumulation of chromium in Cynodon dactylon occurred at a concentration of 5 mg Crvi/kg of sand after 60 days and equaled 94.59 mg/kg dry weight of plant. For the concentrations of 10 and 15 mg CrVI/kg of sand, chromium accumulations were 47.72 and 459.52 mg/kg dry weight of plant at 30 days, respectively. Cynodon dactylon showed the highest accumulation at the period of 30-60 days but had a tendency toward decreased accumulation levels as harvesting time increased. Echinochloa colonum showed the most accumulation of chromium at 120 days and was equal to 58.22, 90.80, and 246.35 mg/kg dry weight of plant for concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg CrVI/kg of sand, respectively. The highest accumulation of chromium in all parts of Vetiveria nemoralis for the concentration of 5 mg CrVI/kg of sand occurred at 90 days and was equal to 49.88 mg/kg dry weight of plant and also equal to 63.02 and 77.83 mg/kg dry weight of plant at 120 days for the concentrations of 10 and 15 mg CrVI/kg of sand, respectively. The results of this study clearly indicate that the highest chromium accumulation in all three monocot species occurred in the root, and that the chromium subsequently translocated to stem and leaf. This process is called phytoextraction or phytoaccumulation and the results show that Cynodon dactylon performed this function better than Echinochloa colonum and Vetiveria nemoralis.

5 illus, 11 ref

013541   Samanta A;Dhar M;Hembram T K;Patra S; Bhattacharyya A (Agricultural Chemicals Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: asamanta64@yahoo.co.in) : Bioefficacy and residue of endosulfan 50 WDG in mango. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1087-9.

Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of endosulfan 50 WDG against mango hoppers (Amritodus atkinsoni Leth., Idioscopus niveosparsus Leth. and Idioscopus clypeales Leth.) along with carbaryl and nimbicidine on cv Himsagar under field condition during 2004-05. Endosulfan at 0.07% (single dose) and 0.14% (double dose), carbaryl at 0.15% and nimbicidine (0.2%) were apphid. In total there are five treatments including control. The insecticides were applied at fortnight intervals starting from the panicle emergence. Considering the overall efficacy endosulfan was found to be superior in controlling the hopper population over other insecticidal treatments with more than 80% avoidable yield loss. Dissipation of endosulfan was also studied in mango fruits. The residues declined to non-detectable levels on 60 day after last spray for both the treatment doses. The corresponding half-life was found to be 2.73 day for single dose and 2.95 day for double dose. The safe waiting periods (T_MRL) determined for endosulfan was 14-20 days. Harvested fruits had no detectable level of residues.

2 tables, 2 ref

013540   Sahan Y;Basoglu G (Food Engineering Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag Univ, 16059 Gorukle-Bursa, Turkey, Email: yasemins@uludag.edu.tr) : Heavy metal pollution in olives grown in Bursa, Turkey. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(4), 3023-9.

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems. The toxic effects of metals and their accumulation throughout the food chain lead to serious ecological and health problems. In this study, the accumulation of lead, cadmium, iron, copper and zinc in olives (Olea europaea) collected from a field situated near busy roads and industrial areas was investigated. Samples were collected at distance of 5-20 m from the road. Olive samples were obtained from 90 orchards in Mudanya, Gemlik and Orhangazi (Bursa, Turkey). Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine these metals. The mean of Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Zn levels were found in the studied samples were 1362.23 ± 4.94 μg/kg-wet weight(ww), 158.29 ± 1.12 μg/kg-ww, 66.37 ± 2.03 mg/kg-ww, 6.51 ± 0.79 mg/kg-ww and 5.76 ± 0.79 mg/kg-ww, respectively.

4 tables, 36 ref

013539   Rungsupa S (Inter-department of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand, Email: rsompop@chula.ac.th) : AHP and water quality model in decision support system for sea bass sustainable culture in Bang Pakong basin Thailand. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 34-48.

A Decision Support System for Sea Bass Culture in Bang Pakong Basin, Thailand consists of 3 components, Water Quality Modeling; QuaJ2k, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Bang Pakong watershed GIS. The Bang Pakong watershed CIS was generated to demonstrate activities, water quality status, waste and pollution loading which, link to forecast changed in water quality modeling, Qual2k. The AHP was prepared for inputting existing problems, goals, criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives in problem solving process for sea bass culture. A case on mass mortality of Sea Bass (Lates calcariferous) in cages culture at Bang Pakong River mouth around the end of each year was selected. An AHP table was assigned by fisheries researchers and computed for weighting on preference level for each criteria and sub-criteria. Discharged waste from Irrigation canal (Khlong Phan Thong Kayaf) nearby show the most probable cause. After waste loading from all activity were located position with distanced from Bang Pakong watershed GIS, then Qual2k was used to simulate for waste loading input. The irrigation canal, Khlong Phan Thong Kayai, opening at 3 kilometers upstream of the Sea Bass cage area. The problems which caused mass mortality appeared in November which was coincided with high runoff. Simulations for outflow at the rate of 100 m^{3/sec with BOD 200 mg/L caused high ammonia concentration and lowest dissolved oxygen around the cage culture area which would be resulted in mass mortality of sea bass. Co-operations with the Royal Irrigation Department to regulate the flow rate below 100 m3/sec and BOD less than 200 mg/L was suggested as an alternative measures. Treatment of water inside irrigation canal before discharged, plan for moving the sea bass cages to upstream, water quality monitoring and a warning system and dredging of the river bottom were also suggested. Target group for the system were Fisheries researcher and Biologist.}

10 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

013538   Rohankar L H;Dahegaonkar N R;Telkhade P M; Khinchi P J;Lonkar A N;Zade S B (R.D. Science College, Aheri, Dist. Gadchiroli, Maharashtra) : Water quality status of Dharampuri ward lake, Aheri, distt. Gadchiroli (M.S.). Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 57-62.

The Dharampuri Ward lake is the oldest lake of Aheri, build up by the Gond Maharaja for domestic purposes. The lake is now used for domestic, irrigation and pisciculture on lease basis. Monthly variations of different physico-chemical characteristics were studied for period of one year from July-life to June-07 on three sites to enhance the water quality status. Various physico-chemical parameters reveals that the fluctuation in water temperature, pH, DO and sulphate are within desirable limits, slight increase in the values of Hardness, Phosphate and Nitrate indicates the mesoeutrophic nature of the lake at site S₂.

1 table, 18 ref

013537   Rathore D S;Chauhan S (Botany/Biotechnology Dep, Govt.K.R.G.P.G. College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Email: devendrasingh_r@yahoo.com) : Effect of climatic conditions on the succession of microflora on vegetable tanned leather (Sheep) during storage. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 116-22.

Biodeterioration of leather by its definition, is concerned with the interaction of leather with microorganisms. Thus materials, organisms and environment, all intimately concerned in biodeterioration. So, the climate of storage place is of great importance to the activity of the microflora of stored leather. Therefore, it is quite necessary to investigte various types of leather infesting fungi, their succession and ecological conditions which play an important role in the development of these organisms on such products. In the present study attempts have been made to study the succession of microflora on vegetable tanned (Sheep) leather under varying storage conditions. The conducive factors which are taken into consideration include varying levels of the relative humidity and storage conditions at suitable temperature. Thus during the present studies three basic attempts were taken under considerations (a) Qualitatively-what kind, (b) Quantitatively-how many living microbial forms inhabit the leather and (c) how do, relative humidity and duration of storage affect fungi.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

013536   Rastogi G K;Saxena A;Sinha D K (Chemistry Dep, Sunder Deep Engg. College, Ghaziabad-201 001, Email: gauravsdec@rediff.com) : Statistical regression analysis of water quality parameters: an approach to underground drinking water quality management. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 83-9.

To find an approach to underground drinking water quality management through correlation studies among various water quality physico-chemical parameters, the statistical regression analysis of eight data points of water of different IM2 hand pumps at Moradabad, India was performed. Sixteen water quality parameters of all sites were estimated following standard methodology and comparison of evaluated values with drinking water standards prescribed by W.H.O. revealed that water of study area is contaminated with reference to almost all the physico-chemiacl parameters studied. Regression analysis of these data points suggests that conductivity of underground water is found to be significantly correlated with thirteen out of fifteen parameters studied and its moderate correlation with rest two parameters namely total suspended solids and iron concentration also can not be overlooked. One may suggest that underground drinking water which is contaminated at Moradabad can be checked effectively by controlling the conductivity of water. Present study may be treated one step ahead towards the underground drinking water quality management.

2 tables, 13 ref

013535   Ramprakash;Singh S K;Anup Singh (Soil Science Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Effect of chelating agents on distribution of lead in soil after harvest of Brassica juncea. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 981-4.

Experiment was conducted under screen house conditions to evaluate the effect of chelating agents on distribution of Pb in soil at 180 mmol/kg soil and farm yard manure (FYM) at 3% with Brassica juncea as test crop in the sewage sludge unamended and amended soils. Addition of chelating agents increased the exchangeable fraction highlighting their utility in increasing its available pool in the soils. The dominant Pb fraction was organic followed by Fe, carbonate, manganese oxide, exchangeable and reserve Pb fractions. Significantly higher content of Exch-Pb was observed in sewage sludge unamended than amended soil. Significantly low content of Exch-Pb was observed in soil at 80 days after sowing (DAS) than that at 50 DAS of B. juncea. Highest amount of exchangeable Pb at SO DAS was observed in NTA treated soil whereas CDTA was more effective at 80 DAS.

1 table, 6 ref

013534   Ramadan A A;Mandil H (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Aleppo Univ, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic, Email: dramadan@scs-net.org) : Wastewater irrigation and soil contamination effect on some leafy vegetables grown in syrian Aleppo city. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(4), 3243-52.

The accumulation effect of contaminated soil and wastewater irrigation on the concentration of the following elements: As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn on some leafy vegetables grown in Syrian Aleppo City by atomic absorption spectrometry have been carried out. The following leafy vegetables: mint, parsley, mallow, spinach, endive and cress were investigated. Four different models (I-IV) of leafy vegetables were applied as follows: both contaminated soil and irrigation water, unconta-minated soil and irrigation by contaminated water, contaminated soil and irrigation by uncontaminated water and finally both uncontaminated soil and irrigation water. As the result of first important model based on both contaminated soil and wastewater irrigation, the measured concentration range of the investigating elements was as follows: As: 7.82 to 1.31;Pb:8.73 to 2.12; Cd: 1.81 to 0.83; Cr: 2.40 to 1.16; Ni: 3.53 to 2.11; Cu: 10.80 to 6.02; Zn: 22.3 to 9.81 and Mn: 32.5 to 15.5 ppm which is the highest concentrations among the other 3 models. According to the data of daily intake of metals, DIM the toxic level values of Cd, As and Pb elements in mint, mallow and parsley were more than the recommended maximum tolerable levels proposed by the FAOAVHO which is a serious indication to a health hazard for human consumption.

7 tables, 18 ref

013533   Rajput V;Jong T F;Negi R K (Zoology & Environmental Sciences Dep, Gurukula Kangri Univ, Haridwar, Uttar Pradesh, Email: vsrajput_gurukul@yahoo.com) : Hydrological study of Nani lake (Nainital), India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 83-6.

Chemical characteristics of the lake revealed that anthropogenic input was at its maximum because of domestic effluent. The water of the lake was alkaline and total dissolved solid was much higher than the other lakes of district. The dissolved oxygen was less indicating anoxic conditions developing at the mud-water interface at depth. The phosphate content was higher, showing an increasing trend over time leading to eutrophic conditions. The lake had 24 inlet nullahs (streamlets), which acted as the major conduits of polluted sludge and silt draining into the lake.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

013532   Rajalakshmi S;Krishnamoorthy G;Deepa P V (Zoology Dep, School of Environmental Science and Ectoxicology, K.M. C, , Puducjerry, Uttarakhand) : Diversity of copepoda at Sodalaipuri estuary, Puducherry (U.T.) India. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 207.

Seasonal qualitative and quantitative study of zooplankton copepoda in the Sodalaipuri estuary, U.T of Puducherry was undertaken from September 2006 to August 2007. The Copepod population consisted of 13 species revealing two peaks one in summer and other in pre-monsoon season.

013531   Raghav M;Shashi Kamal (Vegetable Science Dep, College of Agriculture, GB Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145) : Growth, yield and quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as influenced by the application of VAM. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1095-7.

Field experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of VAM at two fertility levels on growth, yield and quality of sweet pepper during 2006-07. Application of mycoplex at 250 kg per hectare with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers gave highest total leaf area per plant (2538.7 cm²), shoot fresh weight (210.2 g), shoot dry weight (74.7 g), root fresh weight (30.7 g), root dry weight (28.1 g), plant height (56.8 cm), number of primary branches (4.67), number of fruits per plant (5.37) and quality characters viz., average fruit length (10.8 cm), fruit diameter (8.9 cm), fruit weight (50.8 g), ascorbic acid (120 mg/100 g fresh weight), vitamin A (826 1U) and protein content (1.20%). The maximum (109.12 q/ha) and minimum (32.48 q/ha) fruit yield was observed with treatment T₄ having mycoplex at 250 kg/ha + 100 RDF and T₁₁ (no application of fertilizers and VAM), respectively.

2 tables, 5 ref

013530   Patra A;Madhu N R (NO, Udaynarayanpur Sarada Charan Institution, Udaynarayanpur, Howrah-711 226, Email: nithar_1@yahoo.com) : Impact of physico-chemical characteristics on zooplankton community of a freshwater wetland of Udaynarayanpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 803-8.

Udaynarayanpur Block-market pond, Udaynarayanpur, Howrah received sewage water and sewage materials from adjoining shops, market and human habitation. It was hyper-eutrophic in nature with high contents of nitrates, NH₃-N, phosphates, chlorides, free carbon-di-oxide, dissolved and suspended solids. The zooplankton community comprised of there major groups-Rot ifera, Cladocera and Copepoda. Rotifers showed numerical superiority over other groups of zooplankton. The zooplankton population was characterized by a few numerically abundant species that control the bulk of plankton density. The population of total zooplankton and rotifera possessed summer peak occurrence at various sewage sites of the wetland. Zooplankton population was correlated significantly with the changing phenomena of physico-chemical characteristics of water. Eutrophication affected the species composition of zooplankton through chemical alternation of the environment Several linear regression relationships were also established between zooplankton abundance and physico-chemical characteristics. Increment of population density of several zooplankton organisms (i.e. Keratella tropica, Polyarthra vulgaris) and low value of species diversity and species richness indicated the rise of pollutional stress on the Block-market pond.

1 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref

013529   Parmar J K;Patel K P (Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh, Gujarat) : Suitability of under ground water for irrigation as influenced by effluents flowing in Khari cannel around area of Nawagam-Vatava region of Gujarat (India). Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 210-15.

Study was conducted to determine the suitability of under ground water for irrigation as influenced by effluents flowing in Khari cannel around area of Nawagam-Vatava region of Gujarat (India). Twenty -twenty samples of tube well were collected from both contaminated and uncontaminated locations where effluent canal is passed. The samples were analyzed for irrigation quality parameters, micronutrient and heavy metal contents. The pH of tube well water of uncontaminated area was in the range of 7.10 to 9.36, neutral to alkline while tube well water of contaminated area was highly acidic (pH 6.40) to alkaline (pH 8.56) in reaction. The EC of the ground water of non-contaminated area was comparatively less saline than contaminated area. Among different cation and anion concentrations of Na+, C1-, CO3^{2- and HCO3- ions were 73,30,73 and 46 per cent higher in tube well water sample of contaminated area as compared to uncontaminated area. While K+ and Ca2+ + Mg2+ were higher in tube well water of uncontaminated area as compared to contaminated area. The sodium absorption ratio and residual sodium bicarbonate were also calculated. The SAR (18.0) and RSC (4.5) values were also higher in tube well water from contaminated area than their corresponding values in well water of uncontaminated area. This indicated that the quality of ground water in contaminated area was inferior to that of non-contaminated area. The water soluble and total micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) and heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb and Co) were comparatively higher in tube well water of contaminated area except water soluble Fe, which was higher in tube well water of uncontaminated area. This indicated that the ground water contamination was laterally extended below ground even up to about 1.5 to 2.0 km away from the open channel carrying mix industrial effluents into Khari river.}

3 tables, 8 ref

013528   Parmar J K;Patel K P (Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh, Gujarat) : Accumulation nutrient and heavy metal content in wheat as influenced by irrigated with mix industrial effluents flowing in Khari river of Gujarat. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 194-6.

Study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of wheat irrigated with effluents contaminated water flowing in Khari river of middle Gujarat region (India). Twenty-Twenty samples of wheat plant at harvest were collected from both contaminated and uncontaminated locations of the area of Nawagam-Vatava region of Gujarat (India) where effluent canal is passed. The plant samples of grain, straw and husk of wheat were used for analysis of total P, K, S, trace and heavy metals. The result indicated that P, K and S contents were higher in wheat grain, straw and husk samples of uncontaminated area except P content in wheat grain which was higher in uncontaminated area as compared to contaminated area. The micronutrients content were higher in wheat grain, straw and husk of contaminated area than in uncontaminated area. Further, it was noted that among the different micronutrients, Fe content in all the three components of wheat was very much higher than samples of uncontaminated area. Further, all the heavy metals were more concentrated in wheat grain, straw and husk parts in contaminated area. The Grand Ni content in wheat grain, Cd, Co, Grand Pb content in wheat straw and Co and Ni content in wheat husk were 123, 52, 57, 98, 141, 84, 61 and 142 per cent higher than wheat grain, straw and husk samples from uncontaminated area, respectively.

3 tables, 5 ref

013527   Panwar D;Baliyan J S (NO, S.B.S. (P.G.) Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Fungal biosorption of cadmium and zinc from industrial effluent. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 123-8.

As a part of the systematic study of bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environments, biosorption of Cd and Zn on living, dead and immobilized biomass of native isolate from local industrial effluent and artificial metal solutions were studied. Maximum biosorption (99%) in the order of Zn> Cd was achieved at pH 6.0 within 30 minutes using 1.0g of biosorbent. Immobilization increased stability of living biosorbent. Batch process was found superior over continuous column biosorption. Further, proteins profiles reflected metal toxicity mediated essential metabolic adjustments for high stable efficiency of isolate.

4 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

013526   Pansamut S;Wattayakorn G (Inter-Dep of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Email: gullaya@gmail.com) : Arsenic contamination in water from suphanburi province, Thailand. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 678-86.

The study has managed for the determination of arsenic in water collected from an abandoned tin mining area at Tambon Ong-pra, Amphoe Danchang, Suphanburi Province, in central Thailand. The catchment area comprises an abandoned tin mine and inhabitants of the region. The concentration of arsenic in water samples was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) with emphasis on water sample digestion and interference reduction procedures. Standard addition technique has been found to be an excellent method for reducing matrix effects. Contamination of total arsenic in the water varied from 76 to 748 μ g/L, 54 to 530 (μg/L and 32 to 607 μg/L in October 2008, January and March 2009, respectively. The highest concentrations were found in the mining pit with the average arsenic concentration of 748 ± 285, 530 <± 405 and 607<±65 μg/L in October 2008, January and March 2009, respectively. Arsenic concentrations in 80% of the water samples were found to exceed 50 μg/L set by WHO for Drinking-Water Standard. The high concentration of arsenic in water indicates the potential problem to human health from various stages of arsenic poisoning in this area.

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

013525   Panda S;Dash H (Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Berhampur Univ, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur-7, Orissa, Email: sunakar_bu@yahoo.co.in) : Environmental impact of nitrogen oxide accumulation and some remedial measures. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 803-6.

The oxides nitrogen (NOX) exist in five different forms, each having a definite life time in the environment. Because of the comparatively longer life time of nitrogen peroxide (NC₂) and nitric oxide (NO), the accumulation of these gases in the environment cause serious environmental hazards namely acid rain, smog formation and depletion of ozone layer having far reaching consequences. These gases have both natural and anthropogenic origin (the later being much higher than the former). These interact both biotic and abiotic components of the environment. In this paper an attempt is made to discuss various sources of nitrogen oxide (NOX) release, mechanism of interaction with different components of environment, detrimental effects of their interaction and some remedial measures to reduce the level of nitrogen oxides in the environment.

14 ref

013524   Nirmal Kumar J I;ManmeetKaur;Bora A (P.G. Dep of Environmental Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research, Anand, Gujarat) : Chronic toxicity of chlorophenoxy herbicide on growth, metabolites and enzymatic activities of Anabaena fertilissima rao. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 197-202.

Study was carried out to investigate the chronic response of Cyanobacterium,Anabaena fertilissima to chlorophenoxy herbicide 2,4-DichIorophynoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) ethyl ester at different concentrations 15, 30 and 60ppm. The influence of 2,4-D on growth (pigments), release of metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, phenols and nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities was analyzed. The test concentrations caused a concentration dependent decrease in pigments. Depletion in carbohydrate and protein content was registered with rise in herbicide concentrations. However, phenols were found to rise with increased herbicide concentrations but amino acids were reported to decline. The inhibition of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity was also concentration dependent and showed more sensitivity for substituted phenoxy herbicide. This study therefore suggests that decrease in metabolite content and enzyme activity can be used as a signal of herbicide toxicity in Cyanobacteria.

2 illus, 30 ref

013523   Niranjan Kumar K;Srinivas Reddy S;Srinivas Varma K;Mallikarjuna Reddy R;Reddy A G S (Geology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: niranjankumarkollipara@yahoo.co.in) : Assessment of groundwater quality of Narayanpur, Andhra Pradesh, (India) by correlation technique. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 758-69.

Correlation co-efficient of various physico-chemical parameters of ground water for Narayanpur is employed to interpret the relationship with specific processes that control the quality of ground water samples collected from the Narayanpur area, Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh (India). The samples were analysed for major ions and evaluation for quality was carried out by using hydrochemical approach with graphical and multivariate statistical methods with the objective of identifying the hydrochemical environment of the area. Results indicate that the concentration of fluoride is very alarming with respect to use of water for drinking purpose. Various graphical plots and statistical techniques/tools have been applied to chemical data based on the ionic concentration water type is identified. The statistical analyses among different water parameters were determined and their correlation coefficients indicate that there is a good correlation between EC and TDS, EC and Na etc. The quality fluctuations of different ionic parameters have been studied and correlated for different indices.

5 illus, 4 ables, 30 ref

013522   Nandi A K;Mukherjee A (Botany & Forestry Dep, Vidyasagar Univ, Midnapore-721 102, Email: asiskumarnandi@yahoo.com ) : Effect of pig iron factory effluent on growth, protein and chromosome of Lathyrus sativus L.. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 927-30.

Effluent from the pig iron factory at Khargapore, West Bengal showed detrimental influence on seed germination, plant growth, cell division and chromosome morphology in the test plant Lathyrus salivas L at different concentrations. Germination percentage exhibited gradual decrease with an increase in effluent concentration. Intemode number and length were found to change not always in accordance with the increase of effluent concentration. Increase of effluent concentration caused a decrease in mitotic index, whereas an increase in chromosomal and cell divisional abnormality.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

013521   Mukhopadhyay S;Maiti S K (Environmental Science & Engineering Dep, ISM Univ, Dhanbad-826 004, Email: subodh_maiti@yahoo.com) : Reclamation of mine spoils with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2), 642-6.

Mycorrhizal inoculation of mine waste is critical for the establishment of a viable, diverse and self-sustaining plant community. Mycorrhiza fungi has a crucial role to play for the ecorestoration of coal and lignite mine overburden dumps, gypsum mine spoils, iron ore spoils, limestone, magnesite and uranium mine spoils. Following conclusions could be drawn based on the present review : (i) Host plants having higher-root infections are suitable for the biological reclamation of mining wastes, (ii) plant survival at revegetating mine spoil is affected by VAM infection and the source of infection seems to be the adjoining forest, (iii) pioneering plant species on mine spoils could cause the development of different populations of AM fungi.

^iia24 ref

013520   Mohammadi A;Alizadeh T;Dinarvand R;Ganjali M E;Walker R B (Drug and Food Control Dep, School of Pharmacy, Tehran Univ of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6451, Tehran 14174, Iran, Email: alimohammadi@tums.ac.ir) : Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer for selective solid-phase extraction of salbutamol from urine samples. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(4), 2875-80.

A highly selective methacrylic based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and applied for the separation and the pre-concen-tration of salbutamol in urine samples. Spectrophotometric determination of salbutamol was achieved using 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide as colorimetric reagent. The detection limit of the method was ca. 13 ng mL^{-1 in urine after pre-concentration of the samples by MIP-SPE and analysis with an optimized and sensitive Spectrophotometric method. The linear dynamic range for salbutamol determination in urine was 0.04-0.75 μg mL-1. The recovery for the affinity based solid-phase extraction (SPE) with the MIP was more than 96%.}

3 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013519   Mogra S;Sharma R;Qureshi Z (Environmental Toxicology Research Lab, Zoology Dep, College of Science Univ, Mohanlal Sukhadia, Univ, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Effects of maternal lead acetate exposure on prenatal development of swiss albino mice. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 216-20.

Teratogenic effects of lead acetate on prenatal development of mice were investigated. Females aged 9-10 weeks weighing 25-30 g. and showing vaginal plug were selected and divided into two groups. These groups were (i) control (ii) lead exposed groups at different days of gestation- (a) from the 1st day of gestation (dg) (b) from the 8th dg and (c) from the 10^{-1 dg. In all, these groups lead acetate was administered orally in the dose of 8mg, 16mg, and 32mg/animal/day. At the end of 17th dg, their uteri were excised out for the examination. Result showed that implantation rate was approximately nil in the uteri of females which were exposed from 1st dg. Dual results were obtained when exposure was began from 8-1 dg. Most of ther female uteri showed only implantation site while some female uteri contained developed fetus but in very few number. The administration of lead on 10th dg did not affect the ability to conceive, to carry a normal litter. The percentage of malformed fetuses, resorptions were unaffected/less affected on this day. Results suggest that exposure of lead acetate from 10th dg and there after, fetal toxicity (resorption) sharply declined. In conclusion, it is inferred that gestational lead exposure has an adverse effect on development, with an effect that may be most pronounced during the first trimester.}

9 ref

013518   Mathur P;Patan S;Sharma K;Nair N;Shobhawat A (Environmental Studies Dep, M.D.S. Univ, Ajmer, Email: hellosangeeta84@gmail.com) : Assessment of physico-chemical properties of Anasagar lake of Ajmer (India). J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 780-6.

There are three lakes in Ajmer of which Anasagar is the biggest and has the largest catchment area. The gorgeous man-made Anasagar Lake is situated to the north of the city of Ajmer. The state of Rajasthan is well known for its desert area and water scarcity. It is situated at 74° 38'- 74° 42^{2 E and 26° 25'-26° 29'N. The catchment area of lake is 70.55 sq. km, and its circumference is 12.88 sq. km. Sampling of physiochemical factor from various sites on the surface water from Anasagar Lake of Ajmer city was carried out. The aim was to determine the water quality of the lake by studying the physical parameters including temperature, turbidity and electrical conductivity and chemical parameters which include pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chloride, phosphate, conductivity, total dissolved solid, sodium potassium and chemical oxygen demand.}

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013517   Mahankale N R (NO, Symbiosis International Univ, SCMS, Vimannagar, Pune 14, Email: mahankale@hotmail.com) : Dust fall at various places in Pune city (India). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 156-60.

The excessive dust in atmosphere reduces the intensity of solar radiation, which can affect the photosynthesis process and further results in stunted growth of plants. Certain people who are sensitive to dust become victim of dust pollution as it accelerates asthma and other respiratory related diseases. Generally old people and infants becomes target of dust pollution. The bad roads with heavy traffic are a root cause of dust pollution in maximum Indian cites. There is a certain relationship between dust pollution and vehicle density on the road. In view of this an experiment relating to dust pollution has been conducted during January to March 2006 in Pune city of Maharashtra state (INDIA). During present experiment the maximum dust fall rate 0.1464 mg/cm^{2 /hr was recorded at Hadapsar area while the minimum dust fall rate 0.0341 mg/cm2/hr was recorded at Korebaon Park area of the Pune city.}

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

013516   Mahajan C S;Narkhede S D;Khatik V A;Jadhav R N;Attarde S B (School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, North Maharashtra Univ, Jalgaon, Maharashtra) : Wastewater treatment at winery industry. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 258-65.

^iia3 tables, 24 ref

013515   Mahajan C S;Jadhav R N;Narkhede S D;Ingle S T;Attarde S B (School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, North Maharashtra Univ, Jalgaon, Maharashtra) : Assessment of pollution load of winery wastewater collected during vintage and non-vintage seasons and analysis of wastewater irrigated soil. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 186-9.

Waste water from the wine producing industry has been collected in two distinct seasonally representative situations: the vintage and non-vintage seasons of the year. However, concentration values were higher than limits allowed by local authority for discharge into the municipal sewage system. The wastewater is strong and highly variable in terms of pollutants, and tends to become odorous upon standing. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Total dissolved solid (TDS) were the major pollutant present in the winery waste water. When soil conditions are suitable, land treatment of wastewater for irrigated cropping or forestry systems can be successfully practiced, especially with low pollution wastewater. However, on poorly drained soils, effluent irrigation can lead to water logging as well as salinization and sodification due to inadequate salt leaching.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

013514   Loni P P;Bajekal S S (Microbiology Dep, Yashwant Rao Chavan College of Science, Karad Vidyanagar, Karad-415 124, Email: prasadloni@gmail.com) : Chitinase producing potential of actinomycetes from the extreme saline-alkaline environment of Lonar lake. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 161-4.

Chitinases are a group of enzymes that act on chitin, the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. Like many other enzymes, chitinases are also today finding an increasing array of applications from their use as biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi, for the generation of fungal and yeast protoplasts and for the treatment of seafood waste. Among enzymes, those from extremophilic organisms are also finding increasing use today and chitinases are no exception. Actinomycetes are a very sturdy group of microorganisms found in a myriad of environments including some extreme ones and are known to be major producers of chitinases. The Lonar Lake environment is known to be one such extreme environment with its highly alkaline pH around 9.5-10.0 and high salinity. It is the third largest natural salt water lake in the world and is formed in a meteorite impact crater, the only one formed in basaltic rock. The littoral soil of this lake was screened for Actinomycetes producing chitinase. Among the several isolates found to be potent chitinase producers, productivity studies were carried out on six of these isolates with a view to explore their commercial potential as also their prospective applications in various fields such as biocontrol, etc.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

013513   Kumar M;Sharma S;Kumar N;Tinku K K (P. G. Dep of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar Univ, Muzaffarpur-842 001, Email: mkumr03@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of seasonal variation on the biotic and abiotic factors of dighi pond at Darbhanga (North Bihar), India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1079-82.

Biotic and abiotic factors of Dighi pond (small lake) spread over a circumference of seven kilometers previously a tributary of river Kamla Balan was investigated in four different seasons viz. pre-monsoon (March-May), monsoon (June-September), retreating monsoon (October-November) and winter (December-February) during 2005-2006. The temperature of the lake varied from 12 C to 38 C ; pH was slightly alkaline (7.5-8.10). Dissolved oxygen was low in summer and high in winter. Free CO,was high in summer and spring, total hardness and calcium hardness were high in summer and low in winter. Carbonate alkalinity and bicarbonate alkalinity were inversely related. Phosphate and nitrate were higher in monsoon and lower in winter. Sulfate concentration increased in monsoon. BOD and COD increased in summer and spring ; 28 genera of phytoplanktons and 18 of zooplanktons were recorded.

1 tables, 9 ref

013512   Krishna M K;Mahalingegowda R M (Environmental Engineering Dep, P.E.S. College of Engineering, Mandya-571 401, Email: Krishna_mk.20@rediffmail.com) : Comparison of results from field and wind tunnel modelling of dispersion in arrays of obstacles. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 222-31.

To evaluate the dispersion profiles in vertical and downwind distance, twenty one experiments were conducted in the three simulated Atmospheric Boundary Layers (ABLs). The dispersions showed that with increase in height the concentration is decreasing. The normalised concentrations verses downwind distance drawn and fitted a best fit curve (power law). The pollutant dispersion is high at the ground and near to the source. This may be due to the fact that turbulence level is higher near to the ground level. Plume dispersion around urban buildings has been investigated by physical modeling using arrays of building-like obstacles at scales-1: 100 in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The models were laid out on a surface of length 4.8 m along x-axis. Dispersion experiments were carried out within the boundary layer in the downwind part of the working section at fan speed 1.8 m/s to produce a reference wind speed. Dispersion experiments shows that concentration profiles follow almost the same trend as that reported in wind tunnel study Ahmad. Also vertical plume, compared with field and wind tunnel values reported by Macdonald, it shows that wind tunnel data's of Macdonald and present work is showing same trend.

10 illus, 1 table, 9 ref