020644   Adhikari B S;Uniyal S K;Awasthi A;Rawat G S (Wildlife Institute of India, , Chandrabani, Dehra Dun, Uttaranchal) : Bird observations from tehri dam submergence zone, West Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Indian For 2005, 131(2), 251-6.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

019577   Verma P K;Soni P;Rana B B (Ecology and Environment Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248 006) : Strategies for conservation of biodiversity in mined lands. Van Vigyan 2001, 39(1-4), 25-45.

Paper highlight the strategies adopted for biodiversity conservation in a derelict limestone mine of Doon Valley. Ecorestoration work in these mined was undertaken during 1989-90, 1990-91, 199l-92. Floristic structure, biodiversity, species richness concentration of dominance and Importance Value Index in these 11-13 years age series of restored mined lands reveals that the restoration protocol used has been successful and ecologically viable showing significant regeneration and invasion of naturally occurring species. The increased diversity has resulted in dominance being better shared among species and evenness being increased within the plant community elements.

1 illus, 4 tables, 45 ref

019576   Jha M N (Forest Soil & Land Reclamation Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, Uttaranchal) : Conservation of biodiversity - some apodictic initiatives needed for conservation of biodiversity. Van Vigyan 2001, 39(1-4), 134-6.

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019575   Bhattacharya A K;Jha S;Dave a (Indian Institute Forest Management, , Bhopal) : Biodiversity conservation and ecotourism: Lessons from Sunderban Tiger Reserve. Van Vigyan 2001, 39(1-4), 73-81.

Paper discusses conservation and ecotourism development strategies in Sunderban Tiger Reserve (STR), India, which was inscribed on the UNESCO world heritage list in year 1985 and recognised as a Biosphere Reserve in the year 1989. STR is particularly known for being the home of the famous Royal Bengal Tiger.

16 ref

018458   Kushwaha S P S;Hazarika R (Forestry and Ecology Div, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4 Kalidas Road, P O Box 135, Dehradun-248 001) : Assessment of habitat loss in Kameng and sonitpur elephant reserves. Curr Sci 2004, 87(10), 1447-52.

The Kameng and Sonitpur Elephant Reserves in northeastern India are comprised of trans-border subtropical evergreen to tropical moist deciduous forests of Arun achal Pradesh and Assam. The reserves are facing deforestation and habitat loss in recent years. The present study attempts to investigate the loss of habitat in these reserves using temporal satellite imagery of periods 1994, 1999 and 2002. The on-screen visual interpretation of the three-period imagery revealed alarming and continuous habitat loss from 1994 to 2002. The overall habitat loss was found to be 344 km² between 1994 and 2002. The average annual rate of deforestation worked out to be 1.38%, which is much higher than the national average. The rate of deforestation was highest between 1999 and 2002. The study indicated that at this rate much of the forests in the study area would be depleted within the next few years. It also showed that moist deciduous forests, which possess highest biodiversity in Assam, are facing maximum deforestation. High deforestation has resulted in high man-elephant conflicts. The study suggests rehabilitation of affected forests in the larger interest of elephants and biodiversity.

4 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

017380   Suneela M;Maleswara Reddy D;Saritha K;Sastry M S (NO, Environment Protection Training and Research Institute, 91/4 Gachibawli, Hyderabad-500 032) : Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in sediments of Hussain Sagar lake, Hyderabad. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(3), 218-24.

The mobility and transport of heavy metals in Hussain Sagar lake sediments were studied using Tessier sequential extraction scheme. To over come long treatment times of the sequential extra ction, the use of microwave heating instead of conventional heating in the sequential extraction procedure has been studied and the 2 techniques were compared with each other. Recoveries of heavy metals from the sediment samples using both the techniques were reasonably comparable, inspite of big difference in time required. Better results were obtained in microwave extraction technique than the conventional one. The order of the heavy metal concentration in the studied sediments was Zn <62> Pb <62> Cu <62> Ni. Among the 5 sediments tested the order of contaminated sediments are KMI <62> BN <62> PN <62> VH <62> HSJ.

2 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

017379   Sastry P S N (NO, , 17-1-39/17, Subrahmanya Nagar, Saidabad Colony, Hyderabad-500 059) : Vision for an integrated and holistic approach in agrometeorology. J Agrometeorol 2004, 6(Spl. Iss), 1-4.

1 illus

017378   Farooque N A;Majila B S;Kala C P (G.B Pant Institue of Himalayan Environment and Development iKosi-Katar, , Almora 263 643, Email: nafarooquee@rediffmail.com) : Indigenous knowledge systems and sustainable management of natural resources in a high altitude society in Kumaun Himalay, India. J hum Ecol 2004, 16(1), 33-42.

Considerable effort has been made to study the resource use patterns of indigenous people with a view to understanding the traditional knowledge base of different ecosystems. The study has tried to explore the linkages between the subsistence economy and utilization and conservation of natural resources in the transhumant Bhotiya society of central Himalaya. These people are also aware that the biological diversity is a crucial factor in generating the natural resources on which they depend for their survival. Hence, they have domesticated a number of wild plants and crops, and have devised their own mechanisms for indigenous cattle production. These practices of conservation of their natural resources, has ensured their survival in extreme inhospitable environmental conditions of high altitudes. But, now their indigenous knowledge and practices are on the verge of extinction, due to the integration of their society with the main stream of other societies and market economy.

3 tables, 35 ref

016302   Anil Kumar;Yadav D K (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ., Bodh Gaya, Bihar) : Types of habitat in Gautam Buddha wild life sanctuary, Gaya (Bihar). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2004, 18(2), 133-9.

The paper deals with the types of habitiats and status of biodiversity in the Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Gaya. The categories of the terrestrial habitat in the sanctuary are described under the heads of Dry peninsular Sal forest, Northern dry mixed deciduous forest, Dry deciduous scrub forest, Boswellia forest, Butea forest and Dry bamboo brakes. It also indicates aquatic habitat of the sanctuary.

2 tables, 12 ref

014241   Pande H C (Botanical Survey of India, , Dehra Dun-248 195) : Locality record for a rare fern Macrothelypteris ornata from Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttaranchal. Ann For 2004, 12(2), 293.

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014240   Pande H C (Botanical Survey of India, , Dehra Dun) : Pteridophytic floristic diversity in Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttaranchal. Ann For 2004, 12(2), 243-52.

The paper deals with a brief taxonomic account of 46 species of Pteridophytes (39 ferns and 7 fern-allies) belonging to 26 genera under 18 families collected from Corbett Tiger Reserve of Uttranchal. A brief description of all the taxa with ecology, localities, collector's name with field number have been provided.

5 ref

014239   Bairagee A;Bairagi S P;Kalita J (Dolphin Conservation Society, , Blue Hill, Jyotinagar, Guwahati- 21, Email: arati_bairagee@rediffmail.com) : Some dominant tall grassland species in tropical grassland of Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India. J Nat Conserv 2003, 15(2), 459-63.

A study of the effects of management in some tall grassland species in Pabitora wildlife sanctuary was carried out with the help of Randomized Block Design method. Pabitora wildlife sanctuary is basically a grassland sanctuary covering 72.25% of the total area. The sanctuary is dominated by Imperata cylindrica with Saccharum spontaneum, Erianthus ravanae and Phragmites karka as associated species and supports a number of threatened species including one homed Rhinoceros: Imperata cylindrica increased in abundance in disturbed/managed plots and declined in abundance in unmanaged plots. So, it rapidly colonizes disturbed sites. It is also the main source of thatch material for local communities. Saccharum spontaneum and Phragmites karka are dominant in wet sites. Erianthus ravanae is a highly co-dominant species with Imperata cylindrica. Distribution of grasslands are influenced by fire, cutting, grazing and annual flooding. Immediate conservation action are required for prevention of grazing, encroachment for agricultural land etc.

1 table, 15 ref

012121   Bairagee A;Bairagi S P;Kalita J (NO, Dolphin Conservation Society, Blue Hill, Jyotinagar, Guwahati-781 021) : Utilization of grassland habitat of Rhinoceros unicornis by the fringe village people in the Pabitora wildlife sanctuary, Assam. Envir Ecol 2004, 22(spl 3), 533-5.

Pabitora wildlife sanctuary is famous for Rhinoceros unicornis having world's highest density. The sanctuary is surrounded by 24 fringe villages which have great impact on the resources of the sanctuary. Different aspects of exploitation of resources like tall grass collection, fire wood collection, wood collection and grazing have been studied. The result showed that maximum amount of thatch, firewood and timber wood has been collected by the village people.

5 tables, 4 ref

011125   Bairagee A;Bairagi S P;Kalita J (NO, Dolphin Conservation Society, Blue Hill, Jyotinagar, Guwahati-781 021) : Utilization of grassland habitat of Rhinoceros unicornis by the fringe village people in the Pabitora wildlife sanctuary, Assam. Envir Ecol 2004, 22(spl 3), 533-5.

Pabitora wildlife sanctuary is famous for Rhinoceros unicornis having world's highest density. The sanctuary is surrounded by 24 fringe villages which have great impact on the resources of the sanctuary. Different aspects of exploitation of resources like tall grass collection, fire wood collection, wood collection and grazing have been studied. The result showed that maximum amount of thatch, firewood and timber wood has been collected by the village people.

5 tables, 4 ref

009085   Roy S K (NO, , ) : Preservation and welfare of wild life in India. Cheetal 2001, 40(1-2), 60-3.

009084   Negi I S (NO, , ) : Habits and Habitat of Tiger. Cheetal 2001, 40(3-4), 1-11.

TIGERS are found throughout India, from Himalayas to Kanya Kumari, except the states of Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. They are found in good numbers in areas with dense forests and are scarce in scrub jungles in this country. The jungles most preferred by tiger are those that are green, thick and continuous with plenty of water supply in the form of perennial streams or water pools. They favour a broken country with low hills and green bushes and above all with good supply of their natural prey animals (deer, pigs, etc.) or village cattle (for cattle lifters).

3 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

009083   Madan S;Bissa P;Bhargava R N;Rajpurohit L S (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342 005) : Crop degredation by wild animals living in and around `escape areas' of Indira Gandhi Nahar in Bikaner district (Rajasthan). Cheetal 2001, 40(3-4), 28-32.

During rainy season the level of canal water increases because water in not used by farmers to irrigate their crops. This excess water is removed through escape channels and discharged to the areas on the right side of the canal (on the west side). Excess water through escape channels gets filled in the depression in between sand dunes nearby after flowing through these temporary channels and forms a big water pond or a lake of irregular shape. In the jheel (lake) area plantations of Acacia tortilis, Prosopis juliflora are raised by forest department and many other hydrophytes also grow naturally. Some grasses and weeds are also growing in the region. Due to above changes the whole area appears like a rain forest. The dense vegetation provides shelter and hiding place for the animals like wild boar, blue bulls etc. during the day. They are reported to raid the crops extensively in the night in nearby crop fields.

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009082   Kotwal P C;Mishra R P (NO, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Nehru Nagar, Post Box No. 357, Bhopal) : Cheetal (Axis axis). Habitat Utilization and diurnal activity pattern in Udanti wildlife sanctuary, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Cheetal 2001, 40(3-4), 12-18.

Cheetal or Spotted deer (Axis axis) is a coomon deer species found in open screub forest and in and around national parks and wildlife sancturies. In the past, the cheetal population was abundant in forest areas in central India. The population gradually decreased over the time due to combined effect of several factors like hunting, habitat degradation. According to Prater (1971) lands broken up by mullahas and rivers with scattered bushes and thin jungle is the usual habitat of cheetal. The protected areas like Kanha National Park Nauradehi and Bori wildlife sancturaries are good habitats of deer and, therefore, lot of animals are found in these areas (Pankey and Kotwal, 1988). Cheetal (Axis axis) is one on the common deer species found in Udanti Wildlife Sactuary, besides Sambar and barking deer. Actually, cheetal can be frequently sighted throughout its range of distribution. Weight of male is about 80 kg while that of female 50 to 60 kg and height of male is about 90-100 cm and female about 60 to 80 cm (Prater, 1971). Cheetal is a very fast moving animal in deer family, which can jump easily 9 to 10 ft high stone wall or barbed wire fencing. This animal is protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

009081   Khanna V;Uniyal D P (Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Station, , Dehra Dun) : Vanishing vulture population - a threat to scavenging. Cheetal 2001, 40(1-2), 37-8.

009080   Khanna V (Zoological Survey of India, , Northern Regional Station, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dun-248 195) : Fragmentation of elephant corridors at Rajaji-Corbett Elephant reserve - a cause of concern. Cheetal 2001, 40(1-2), 20-3.

13 ref

009079   Imam B (SANSKRITI, , Hazaribagh-825 301) : Threat to India's tiger and elephant corridors. Cheetal 2001, 40(1-2), 34-6.

009078   Chauhan N (NO, , ) : Jarawa trible of Andaman. Cheetal 2001, 40(1-2), 64-71.

The restless Ten-Degree Channel separates the Andamans in the North and the Nicobars in the south and marks turbulent water-divide between the two distinct groups of primitive tribes- the Negritos and the Mongoloids, living in these islands. The habitat of the Jarawas and the Jarawas themselves, belonging to the former of the two groups, are under a great threat from rising pressures from Homo sapiens, the so called civilsed humans. This rising threat had necessitated the need to study the habitat of Jarawas and their problems. For the critical analysis and determination of the spatial extents of the habitat, Remote Sensing was applied. IRS IC LISS III (FCC) was used for this purpose. To peep into the second part of the problem ground observation, field data and verbal interactions held with tribal people as well as local inhabitants were taken into consideration. The preliminary results obtained in this study reveal that the resources of tribal people are under great stress and might one day become detrimental to the very existence of the tribal people. Further, the loss to the genetic pool of the tribe might be non-retrievable and might lead to the extinction of the tribe as has already happened in the case of several others.

2 illus, 1 table

009077   Agnihotri D C (Biology Dep, Applied and Conservation, Hindu Inter College, Chandpur-246 725) : Socio-ecological study & breeding control of Boselaphus tragocamelus (antelope). Cheetal 2001, 40(1-2), 30-3.

Boselaphus tragocamelus (Blue Bull or Neelgai) is a very common antelope found in open as well as dense area of Chandpur (U.P.). This paper highlights its socio-ecoligical and economical study. Observationals tudies were also made on the population control of this animal.

8 ref

008157   Gadhvi I R (Zoology Dep, Sir P.P. Institute of Science (Bhavnagar University), Waghavadi Road, Bhavnagar-364 002, Email: indragadhvi@rediffmail.com) : Monitoring nesting sites of lesser floricans (Sypheotides indica) in and around Blackbuck National Park, Gujarat. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(7), 1135-42.

The grasslands of Blackbuck National Park, Gujarat provide a major breeding ground for the Lesser Florican (Sypheotides indica). The study to identify potential nesting area of Lesser Florican and distrubance factors for the conservation and management of the species was conducted over 150 days from June to October 2001. Thirty-eight male and 16 female floricans were sighted and a total of five nests were recorded during the study with an average clutch size of 4-5 eggs. Local people of the surrounding area were contacted and made aware about the present status of the species.

1 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref

007155   Umrigar K D;Belsare A V (Goa Forest Dep, , Bondla Zoo, Post Usgaon-403 407, Email: kazveen@vsnl.net) : Contraception in a blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) using melengesterol acetate. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(6), 1129.

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007154   Begum S (Zoolgy Dep, Jahangirnagar university, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : Colonial nesting behaviour in Indian pond heron (Ardeola grayii grayii) of Bangladesh. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(6), 1113-6.

A study was conducted on the nesting behaviour of Indian Pond Heron in Sitakunda, southeastern region of Bangladesh between January, 1995 and December, 1996. Indian Pond Heron is a solitary bird on its feeding grounds. It forms colonies when nesting. Eight species of plants were used for nest building in three colonies. Colonial nesting is an anti-predator adaptation in the Indian Pond Heron.

2 illus, 2 tables

006208   Vasanthy M;Sangeeta M;Kavitha C (Govt Arts College P G Research, Department of Environmental Science, Ariyalur - 621 713) : Removal of chromium from aqueous solutions using a mixture of flyash and activated carbon. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1321-5.

Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions was investigated using the mixture of flyash and commercial activated carbon (CAC). In order to understand the adsorption behaviour and adsorption potential of mixture of flyash and CAC, batch type experiments were conducted on adsorbent-adsorbate system with different concentration of chromium (10-50 mg/L) at 2 different pH values (2,9) for 6 hr. The metal removal effeciency was around 90-100% with intermittent hand shaking condition at pH 2. The adsorption data followed the Freundlich isotherm model.

3 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

006207   Srinivasa Rao G V R (Andhra University Department of Civil Engineering, , Visakhapatnam 530 0033) : A study on the effective use of experimentally evaluated bio-kinetic coefficients in the rational design of activated sludge plant for a dairy industry. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1339-40.

An experimental setup consisting of primary settling tank, aeration tank and secondary settling tank is erected in the laboratory and experiments are conducted with the wastewater collected from Visakha dairy. The results are incorporated in the modified Monad's equations and the Bio-kinetic coeficients, namely Yield coefficient (Y), Endogenous decay coefficient (K_d), Half velocity constant (K_s) and Substrate removal rate coefficient (K) are evaluated. The aeration unit of activated sludge plant is designed with these coefficients for a discharge of 1500 m³/day. The design is compared with that of the existing plant and is found to be more optimum and economical.

2 illus, 4 tables, 1 ref

006206   Ravinder V;Ravinder C;Vijayo Rao K (Kakatiya University, Department of Chemistry, University Arts and College, Warangal 506 009) : A study on water pollution and treatment system at rayon grade pulp industry. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1358-63.

Water quality parameters, like pH, COD, BOD, Cl, SO₄² have been evaluated by various physico-chemical techniques and concluded that wastewater from all sources of rayon grade pulp industry is optimum and upto the standards of Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (AP PCB). Highly polluted effluents treated by bio-methanation, anaerobic, aerobic processes and then processed water used for plantation. Low polluted effluents are treated by Systems of EQ tank, primary clarifier, activated sludge process and treated effluent is discharged into the river with reducing pollution load upto 95%.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

006205   Prabhakar L D;Palanivel C (Annamalai University, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Optimization of conditions and adsorption isotherm studies of orange TGU on low cost carbon systems. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1388-95.

The palmnut shell, H₂SO₄ treated flyash were used as low cost carbons. The palmnut shell carbon (PNSC) was prepared by sulphuric acid method and the flyash treated with H₂SO₄ several times (resulted residue) is used as adsorbents. After preparation, these carbons (PNSC, TFR) are characterized for bulk density, ash content, moisture, surface area parameters. The adsorbing capacities of these carbons were compared with that of high cost activated charcoal carbon (ACC). The optimized conditions are pH, carbon dose, equilibration period and isotherm studies. The dye removal (orange TGU, λ_max:405 nm) from both effluent samples and synthetic samples by low cost carbons (PNSC,TFR) by adsorption method was studied. Mathematical equations have ben designed for the wide rangeof applications.

8 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref

006204   Pandey B V;Upadhyay R S (Banaras Hindu University, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Microbial Technology, Department of, Varanasi 221 005) : Physico-chemical properties of the effluents of carpet industries of Sant Ravidas Nagar: a case study. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1364-6.

The waste water generated from the carpet industry of Sant Ravidas Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh contains a variety of toxic heavy metals, organic and inorganic compounds. The results indicated that effluent have high pH, with high TSS, BOD and COD with low DO.

4 tables, 13 ref

006203   Nemade P D;Sunil Kumar;Zanje T (J T M College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Faizpur, Jalgaon 425 524) : Importance of alkalinity and volatile fatty acids during start-up and operation of UASB reactor. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1382-7.

Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor is widely used for various industrial wastewater. The successful application of the UASB reactor depends on granulation of sludge, which is greatly affected by pH, alkalinity and volatile fatty acids. If these parameters are not maintained properly, problems may stand in the start-up operation. In the present study the necessity of alkalinity, for maintaining pH near about 7.0 for different loading conditions and also the VFA concentration developed, can be known. From the experimental results, further insight in application on wastewater treatment can provide. It was observed from the experiments that the alkalinity required was aproximately 1.1 g/g of COD applied for start-up of the reactor. After, proper start-up of the reactor, reduction in the alkalinity requirement was observed to 0.50 g/g of COD, to maintain pH near neutral value. This reduction was due to the alkalinity generation capacity of the wastewater. And about VFA, that concentration greater than 300 mg/L CH₃ COOH has adverse effect on granulation of biomass and hence, affecting reactor performance and ultimately pH.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

006202   Masud Hossain S K (Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kilakarai-623 806) : Studies on lead (IV) biosorption using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1396-1400.

Lead and its compounds are one of the most hazardous toxic metals because of its cumulative poison. Biosorption is a method of removal of lead metal contaminant from effluents. Acidophilic bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans accumulates lead (IV) from its salt solution. The maximum biosorption of lead (IV) is 78.50 % (w/w) within 3 day innoculation time with optimum pH 4.5 and temperature 45°C for 500 ppm initial lead (IV) loading. The bacteria can tolerate upto 600 ppm lead (IV) initial concentration. 7 day age-old and 30 % (v/v) innoculum culture is used in the studies and aerobic condition is maintained by supplying atmospheric air to the system.

5 illus, 16 ref

006201   Malhotra S;Pandit M;Tyagi D K (Centre for Fire, Environment Safety, Govt. of India, , Brig. S K Mazumdar Road Timarpur Delhi 110 054) : Destruction of gold cyanide complex in effluent by advanced oxidation processes. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1351-7.

Most of the effluents in plating baths contain cyanide waste and these are discharged in the water body without treatment. The toxicity of cyanide is serious environmental problem and causes major concern. Destruction of complex gold cyanide is studied by ozonation and advanced oxidation processes. The effect of pH, ozone concentration, H₂O₂ dose was studied. The effect of Cu₂₊ catalysis was also investigated. It was observed that cyanide was degraded to non-detectable level by ozone in 4 hr. Cyanide degradation occurred to non-detectable level in 10 hr by UV/H₂O₂/Cu²⁺ process and 99.8% cyanide degradation occured in 15 hr by UV/H₂O2 process. Ozonation was faster than other two proceses.

3 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

006200   Lal J (Christ Church Degree College, Department of Chemistry, Kanpur 208 001) : Bioaccumulation - a method of metal removal and recovery from wastewaters. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1401-7.

Many microbial species exhibit metal binding properties. Both active and passive mechanisms are employed by living cells to accumulate dissolved metals. Since, high concentration of heavy metals tend to adversely affect physiological processes, living cells that adsorb such materials must use mechanisms that ensure that only a limited amount of the metal actually reaches in the interior of the cell where it is most toxic. An understanding of the mechanisms by which organisms accumulate metals is important to the development of microbial processes for the concentration removal and recovery of the metal from aqueous solutions. Some mechanisms have been proposed by reseachers for metal accumulation by micro organisms.

1 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

006199   Kannan N;Murugavel S;Seenivasan R K; Rengasamy G (Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College(Autonomous), Department of Chemistry, Sivakasi 626 124) : Preparation and characterisation of activated carbons obtained from agricultural wastes. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1367-76.

Activated carbons (ACs) have been chemically prepared from agricultural wastes, like, straw, saw dust and dates nut. Straw carbon (SC) was prepared by various methods, like, pyrolysis, chloride, sulphate, dolomite, acids (H₂SO₄ and H₃PO₄) and bicarbonate processes, Saw dust carbon (SDC) and dates nut carbon (DNC) were prepared by bicarbonate process. Their characteristics, such as density, moisture content, loss on ignition, ash content, pH, electrical conductivity, zero point charge, surface area, decolourising power, phenol number and cation exchange capacity have been carried out in order to determine the suitability of these carbons for water and wastewater treatment. The results are compared with commercially available AC (CAC) and cationic resin (CR), namely {Tulsion CXO-9(H)). Surface area and decolourising power of SC prepared from bicarbonate process are found to be greater than that of the carbons obtained from other processes. FT-IR spectra, TGA traces and SEM photos of ACs-before and after absorption of NI²⁺ ions were recorded. Preliminary studies on the removal of metal ions (Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Ni²⁺) by Acs were studied.

9 illus, 6 tables, 21 ref

006198   Kadirvelu K;Subburam V (Bharathiar University, Department of Environmental Sciences, , Coimbatore 641 046) : Activated carbon prepared from biomass as an adsorbent for the removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solution. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1343-50.

Activated carbon (AC) prepared from waste coconut tree saw dust was used to remove Ni (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch mode adsorption experiments are carried out, to asses kinetic and equilibrium parameters. They allow initial adsorption coefficient, adsorption rate constant and maximum adsorption capacities to be computed. Removal mg/g increased with increase in initial metal ion concentration and contact time. The adsorption data have been analyzed and fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption capacity (Q_o) calculated from Langmuir isotherm was 133.5 mg Ni (II)/g of AC at initial pH of 4.5 at 20°C for the particle size 500-700 μm. Increase in pH from 2 to 10 increased percent removal of metal ion. A decrease of final pH with an increase of initial metal ion concentration, coupled with regeneration study of Ni (II) saturated carbon by HCI, allowed us to propose an adsorption mechanism by ion-exchange between metal ion and H⁺ ions on the AC surfaces. Quantitative recovery of Ni (II) is possible by HCI.

7 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

006197   Ganesh Kumar A;Bhuvaneswari R;Sekaran G (Centarl Leather Research Institute, Department of Environmental Technology, Adyar, Chennai 600 020) : Filamentous cyanobacteri A: oscillatoria sp. for Tertiary treatment of tannery wastewater. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1326-30.

The primary and secondary biological treatment of tannery wastewater reduces the chemical pollution to a greater extent to meet the discharging standards of pollution control agencies, however certain pollutants persist in the treated wastewater. The growth feature of Oscillatoria sp. in treated tannery wastewater showed that the species can metabolise the residual refractory organics in secondary treated wastewater. A significant removal of COD (37.5%), BOD (75.8%), TOC (49.5%), VFA (26.6%), Total hardness (19.5%) and sulphate (11.4%) was recorded in algal pond for retention period 24 hours. The heterotrophic bacterial population was also increased during the algal treatment proving their co-metabolic activity in wastewater treatment.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

006196   Banerjee S;Biswas G K (Jadavpur University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kolkata 700032) : Studies on production of methane-rich biogas using distillery wastes. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(12), 1331-8.

Distillery wastes from alcohol manufacturing units, such as breweries, etc., can be highly polluted with organic substances. To have eco-friendly environment it s necessary to decrease the pollution load and simultaneously to recover energy from the distillery slop, which possesses enormous energy potential. In view of these experimental studies on anaerobic digestion of distillery wastes have been carried out in a semi-batch digester at different substrate concentrations of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8% and at different digestion temperatures of 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55°C having hydraulic retention time for a period of 14 day under controlled pH in the range of 6.8 to 7.2 so as to produce methane-rich biogas. It has been observed that biogas yield as well as methane yield has increased gradually giving maximum yield on 7h day, after which biogas generation has gradually decreased. The energy yield of biogas containing methane and carbon dioxide has been found to be 24.83 MJ/Nm³ biogas produced. However, cumulative biogas yield has been found to be maximum of about 8.637 m³/m³ distillery wastes in 14 day retention time for 4% substrate concentration at 55°C. The present paper deals with the evaluation of kinetic parameter and maximum specific growth rate of micro organisms using the experimental data based on yield of methane at different digestion temperatures for 4% substrate concentration. It has been observed that kinetic parameter and maximum specific growth rate grately depend on digestion temperatures, and correlations have been proposed relating these factors with digestion temperatures.

9 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

006195   Bagchi S;Goyal S P;Sankar K (Wildlife Institute of India, , P O Box No.Dehradun 248 001 Uttaranchal) : Habitat separation among ungulates in dry tropical forests of ranthambhore national park Rajasthan. Trop Ecol 2003, 44(2), 175-81.

According to niche theory, differential use of shared resources facilitates the co-existence of species in a community. Niche relationships have been studied for a wide variety of taxa, but such understanding from tropical ungulate assemblies in south-east Asia is lacking. Investigates habitat relationships in an assembly of four wild ungulates viz., chital (Axis axis), sambar (Cervus unicolor), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and chinkara (Gazella bennetti) from western India, using Discriminant Analysis. Ecological similarity between the four species 'was analysed in terms of 20 variables and the two cervids were found to use similar habitat features and the two bovids formed an analogous group. These two groups or `guilds' differentiated from each other in terms of vegetation structure as the cervids selected for Anogeissus-Grewia forest community while the bovids occupied Acacia-Butea scrub community. Habitat-use overlap between the two bovids appeared unstable in the light of theoretical aspects of population dynamics of interacting species. Howeve, there is scope to achieve stable coexistence by diferentiating over alternate resource axes like food.

4 tables, 39 ref

004187   Kumara H N;Ananda Kumar M;Sharma A K;Sushma H S;Mridula Singh;Mewa Singh (Biopsychol Lab, Dep of Psychol, Manasagangotri, Univ of Mysore, Mysore 570 006) : Diversity and management of wild mammals in tea gardens in the rainforest regions of the Western Ghats, India: a case study from a tea estate in the Anaimalai hills. Curr Sci 2004, 87(9-10), 1282-1286.

In many places in the Western Ghats hill ranges of southern India, rainforest has been clear-felled in order to grow tea plantations. Such plantations now exist as islands of agriculture surrounded by forest tracts, most of which are protected as wildlife sanctuaries. A case study from one such tea gardenhas been reported. A diversity of wild mammals, both herbivores and carnivores, using open grass patches, swamps and vegetation along streams in the tea garden have been observed. Large mammals were observed to forage in such areas and return to the adjoining forests. Small mammals were eiher resident or used stream vegetation as a corridor to move from one side of the forest to the opposite side. Dhole (Cuon alpinus) often preyed on sambar (Cervus unicolor) and even denned twice in the estate. Also observed a minimal human-animal conflict in the area. Problems such as stealing of meat from sambar kills made by dhole, could be oversome by awareness. WE proposed that such areas can be effectively managed such that it could facilitate movement of wild mammals with least damage to the commercial activity related to tea. Such a wildlife management strategy can become a model that could be followed in tea-growing areas throughout the Western Ghats.

2 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

004186   Chundawat P S;Sharma S K;Solanki H S (Phulwari Wildlife Sanctuary, , Kotra, District Udaipur-307 025) : Occurrence o the large brown flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista philippensis) in Phulwari wildlife sanctuary, Rajasthan. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(11), 941.

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004185   Chetry D;Medhi R;Bhattacherjee P C (Animal Ecology and Wildlife Biology, Zoology Dep, Gauhati University, ) : Interesting drinking behaviour of capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) in Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(11), 942.

1 ref

004184   Bamabaradeniya C N B (IUCN Sri Lanka Country Office, 53 Horton Place, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka, , Email: cnb@iucnsl.org) : Status and implications of alien invasive species in Sri Lanka. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(11), 930-5.

Alien invasive species (AIS) is one among the various threats to the biodiversity of Sri Lanka. A survey was carried out to establish the present status of AIS in Sri Lanka. Wetland and terrestrial ecosystems of different climatic zones were surveyed randomly for the presence of AIS and their threats. Among the 59 AIS identified, 10 species of fauna and 13 species of flora are included in the list of 100 of the world's worst AIS. The alien invasive fauna of Sri Lanka includes 15 vertebrates and 5 invertebrates. Discusses the impact of alien invasive fauna and flora on the native species and stresses the need for a proper management strategy.

2 tables, 13 ref

002009   Vyas R (Sayaji Baug Zoo, , Vadodara-390 018) : Note on the Indian rock python, Python molurus, at Sayyaji Baug Zoo. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(7), 832-3.

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002008   Vyas R (Sayaji Baug Zoo, , Vadodara-390 018) : Some observations on long-eared and pale hedgehogs in Gujarat. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(8), 857.

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002007   Verzhutskii B (Entomologist, , Palmyra, Auroville-605 111) : Diet of the large pied wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis in Auroville, Pondicherry. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(9), 886.

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002006   Soniya V P;Palot M J (Zoological Survey of India, Freshwater Biological Station, , Ashok Nagar, Hyderabad-500 020) : On a collection of butterflies from paddy field ecosystem of Palakkad district, Kerala. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(7), 829.

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002005   Saxena R (NO, Bhupal Nobles' College, Udaipur-313 001) : Insect conservation - a reaction to Narendran and Cherian. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(7), 831.

2 ref

002004   Nath I;Bose V S C;Panda S K;Rao A T (Surgery Dep, Orissa Veterinary College, Bhubaneshwar-751 003) : Case of dysecdysis in a reticulated python, Python reticulatus. Zoos Print J 2002, 17(7), 834.

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