003083   Das I (Instt of Biodiversity and Envirn Conservation, Univ Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia) : Growth of knowledge on the reptiles of India, with an introduction to systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2003, 100(2-3), 446-501.

The progress in understanding of the contents of the reptile fauna of India is reviewed. The early classification of the fauna was undertaken during Vidic times, and included groupings based on form, medium occupied, sensory power and whether wild or domesticated. The Linnean system of binomial nomenclature, adopted since 1758, is the most widely used scheme of classification, but has its limitations, chiefly in being incompatible with the principle of common descent. Phylogenetic and other classifications, based on natural groups, have lead to a proliferation of studies on systematics, from the traditional studies of morphology and anatomy, to the use of more modern molecular techniques. Aspects of systematics. Taxonomy and nomenclature and discussed for non-systematists. The last stocktaking of the reptile fauna of India, in the three volume Fauna of British India series by Malcolum Smith is compared with the fauna now known from the country. A general conclusion reached is that there is much to be learnt of the country's highly diverse and endemic reptile fauna, but efforts need to be accelerated in the face of loss of habitats as a result of deforestation and of systematic expertise itself, with cuts in research funding and realignment of policies on basic research.

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003082   Chhangani A K (Zoology dep, JNV University, Jodhpur-342 005) : Birds of different sub-habitats in and around Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Cheetal 2002, 41(3-4), 37-42.

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003081   Chhangai A K (Zoology Dep, JNV Univ, Jodhpur 342 005) : Dogs Canis familiaris hunting the Indian porcupine Hystrix indica the the wild at Jodhpur Rajasthan. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2003, 100(2-3), 617.

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003080   Chandrashekaran M K (NO, , ) : Chronobiology, ecology and behaviour of some insectivorous bats of Southern India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2003, 100(2-3), 250-84.

Describes the experiments and results of the work with six species of insectivorous bats, inside natural caves, in open spaces and in the laboratory in the Department of Animal Behaviour and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University in the two decades from 1975-1995. Worked out in detail the behavioural expressions of biological clocks in four species of locally occurring insectivorous bats; Taphozous melanopogon, T. kacchensis, Hipposideros speoris, and Rhinopoma hardwickei and the activity roosting patterns of colonies of theses bats in their habitat. Report here results of experiments with H. speoris showing that daylight dimmer than starlight (0.0006 lux) streaming into a cave for c. 90 mins could entrain their circadian rhythm. H. speoris is very sensitive to light, and light flashes lasting only 0.0625 msecs could shift the phases of the circadian rhythm. The spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors in H. speoris indicates that they have colour vision. The Indian false vampire Megaderma lyra echolocates prey (frogs) by `listening' to prey-generated noise on land (passive mode) and by active echolocation of the frogs in water (active mode). The eyes of most insectivorous bats are very small and are unlikely to participate in vision in the darkness of the night. It is suggested that eyes may participate in detecting dawn, sunrise, dusk and sunset, thus measuring daylength over the seasons of the year. There is annual breeding periodicity in Hipposideros speoris. There are 4 distinct breeding cycles in Pipistrellus mimus, the feamale giving birth to twins each time, making it the most prolifc breeder among Chiroptera.

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003079   Bhupathy S;Saravanan S (Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, , P O Anaikatti, Coimbatore-641 108) : Exploitation of sea turtles along the southeast coast of Tamil Nadu India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2003, 100(2-3), 628-31.

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003078   Balasubramanian P;Maheswaran B (Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, , Coimbatore-641 108) : Frugivory, seed dispersal and regeneration by birds in South Indian Forests. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2003, 100(2-3), 411-31.

Plants, unlike animals, are immobile and have little control over the choice of site where they can live and grow. Over aeons, plants have perfected the art of survival in spite of this disability of steadily interacting with the animals in their habitat. the evolution of brilliant, attractive colours and endowment of the fruits with nutritious supplements such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, have appealed to the dietary needs of birds and mammals. Furthermore, the plants, ability to asynchronously produce fruits, for the assemblage of vertebrates dependent of fruits have made their dispersal possible. Plant-bird interactions play a pivotal role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of natural ecosystems. Also, the interactions guide the process of evolution of biodiversity as well as ecological communities. On account of their unparalleled richness, tropical communities are treasure troves of biological interactions between plants and animals. Ecological degradations, as in shrinking habitats and fragmentation, necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the basic tenets of interacting entities, in order to evolve effective strategies to preserve and enrich or biodiversity.

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003077   Acharjyo L N;Vinod Kumar;Patnaik S K (Nandankanan Zoological Park, , Mayur Bhawan, Janpath, Saheed Nagar, Bhubaneswar-751 007) : On the longevity of the great pied hornbill Buceros bicornis in captivity. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2003, 100(2-3), 626.

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001099   Vyas S (High Commission of India, , G-5 Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad, Pakistan) : Sight records of crimson sunbird Aethopyga siparaja in Islamabad, Pakistan. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 316.

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001098   Varu S N (Junavas, Temple Street, Madhapur, Kutch, Gujarat-370 020, , ) : Food habits of the baya weaver Ploceus philippinus (Linn.). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 320.

001097   Srinivas V (NO, , Padmashree' No. 170/B, Jayanagar 1st Block East, Bangalore-560 011) : A large congregation of black-shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus at Ranthambore national park. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 297-8.

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001096   Smetacek P (NO, , Jones Estate, Bhimtal, Nainital-263 136) : The genus pontia fabricius (lepidoptera: pieridae) in the Kumaon Himalaya. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 224-31.

The range of Pontia daplidice Linnaeus and Pontia glauconome Klug is extended eastward to the Kumaon Himalaya. An uncertain record of Pontia chloridice Huebner from the same area is noted. The possibility of this faunal drift being a recent phenomenon is examined.

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001095   Siliwal M;Dolly Kumar (Entomology Div, Zoology Dep, Faculty of Sci, M.S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002) : Occurrence of spiders Triaeris manii and Triaeris poonaensis, family oonopidae, in a banana agroecosystem in Vadodara Gujarat. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 352-5.

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001094   Sathasivam K (NO, , 29 Jadamuni Koil Street, Madurai-625 001) : Two whale records from Tamil Nadu, Southern India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 289-90.

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001093   Sangha H (NO, , B-27, Gautam Marg, hanuman Nagar, Jaipur-302 021) : Occurrence and association of red-necked Phalarope phalaropus lobatus with other species at Sambhar, Rajasthan. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 301-02.

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001092   Rema Devi K (ZSI, Southern Regional Station, 100, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 0, , ) : A note on Mesonoemacheilus herrei nalbant and Banarescu (cypriniformes: balitoridae: noemacheilinae). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 337.

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001091   Ranjitsinh M K;Singh L A K (NO, , Krishnasar, 5, Tiger Lane, Off W6 Lane, Sainik Farms, New Delhi-100 062) : The gharial Gavialis gangeticus in Indravati River. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 330.

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001090   Qiao Jianfang;Yao Jun;Combreau Olivier (Xinjiang Inst of Ecology & Geography, , CAS, No. 40 South Beijing Road, 830011) : Monitoring the incubation behaviour of the Houbara chlamydotis undulata with a temperature logger dummy egg. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 165-72.

The incubating behaviour of two female houbara was successfully monitored with the help of a temperature logger egg from May 22 to June 11, 1999 in the Xinjiang province of th People's Republic of China. As a rule, the female showed a bimodal daily activity pattern (morning and evening) during the incubation stage. On an average, a female will leave her nest 3 to 9 times daily for periods ranging from 8 to 26 minutes, but will spend an overal 94±2%) of her daily time on the nest. The average daily temperature of the egg, when the female attended the nest, varied from 31.9 °C to 36.5 °C. When the female left the nest unattended, the temperature of the egg generally dropped to an average minimum of 24.9 °C, but could also rise to 40.6 °C (absolute maximum) in hot conditions. Following the seasonal increase in daily air temperature as summer progressed, the average daily egg temperature increased from 31.9 °C to 36.2 °C as the incubation advanced.

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001089   Purandare K (NO, , 62/A, `Prashant' Erandawane Gaonthan, Off Karve Road, Pune-411 001) : Attempt by the crested serpent-eagle Spilornis cheela to seize the Indian cobra Naja Naja. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 298.

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001088   Pittie A;Balachandran S (NO, , 8-2-545 Road No. 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500 034) : Pompadour green pigeon Treron pompadora affinis and large hawk-cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides on the Palkonda hills, Peninsular India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 302-05.

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001087   Pasha M K S;Areendran G;Sankar K;Qureshi Q (Wildlife Institute of India, , P.O. Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun-248 001) : Debarking of teak Tectona grandis linn. F. by gaur bos gaurus H. smith during summer in a tropical dry deciduous habitat of central India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 238-44.

Debarking of teak trees Tectona grandis Linn. f. by gaur Bos gaurus H. Smith was studied during the summer of 1996 in the Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Seven one-hectare vegetation plots were sampled within the summer ranging areas of the gaur to quantify and determine the extent of debarking. Of the sampled trees, 39% were debarked, 73% of which had low level of debarking. The teak trees of different girth classes were not debarked in proportion to their availability. No mortality was observed amongst the debarked trees. A maximum of 26.6% crude protein was recorded from the bark samples. Amongst the minerals found in the teak bark, calcium was the major constituent, followed by sodium, iron, manganese and copper. Of the food plants eaten by the gaur, teak bark was consumed most (14%). The moisture content in the teak bark varied from 25 to 80%. Consumption of the high protein, calcium- and potassium-rich teak bark would be beneficial to the gaur especially during the dry months when food resources are limited. Further analysis of the bark samples of teak and other food plants of the gaur, for secondary compounds and nutritional quality, would enable a better understanding of the debarking behaviour of the gaur.

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001086   Parasharya B M (AINP on Agric Ornit, , ) : Status of spot-billed pelican Pelecanus philippensis, family pelecanidae, in Gujarat. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 295-7.

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001085   Nair V P (NO, , 3/IV College Quarters, P.O. Madappally College, Vatakara-673 102) : New larval food plant of the blue tiger butterfly Tirumala limniace (cramer), Lepidoptera: Danaidae. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 347.

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001084   Mitra B;Parui P;Banerjee D (Zoological Survey of India, , M Block, 535, New Alipore) : On the diptera of Nayachar island, West Bengal. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 343-7.

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001083   Lehr Brisbin;Townsend Peterson;Ronald Okimoto;George Amato (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, , P.O. Drawer E, Eiken, SC 29802, U.S.A.) : Characterization of the genetic status of populations of red junglefowl. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 217-23.

The native range of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent has been the focus of studies of domestication of this species that became the foundation of a worldwide multi-billion dollar poultry industry. Such studies must be based on a thorough understanding of the behaviour, ecology, and biogeography of current as well as past populations. Although red junglefowl are considered abundant both in captivity and in the wild, and have usually not been accorded any particular conservation concern, almost all populations show morphological characteristics suggestive of past hybridization with domestic birds, and indeed pure genomes may prove to be now extinct in the wild. However, one captive population still shows two morphological characteristics considered to be indicative of genetic purity: an annual moult to a dark/black eclipse plumage in the male, and complete absence of combs in females. Preliminary molecular genetic studies of these birds indicate that they are more distinct from other captive strains than the latter are from domestic chickens. These captive birds may thus represent the last pure red junglefowl genomes. Establishes criteria for the judgement of genetic purity, in the hope that colleagues across southern Asia will assess local wild populations to develop an accurate picture of the genetic status of this species across its range.

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001082   King D I;Rappole J H (USDA Forest Service Northeastern Res Station, Univ of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003 USA) : Commensal foraging relationships of the white-browed fantail Rhipidura aureola in Myanmar. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 308-12.

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001081   John J;Madhu Kumar (Periyar Tiger Reserve, , Thekkady, Kerala-685 536) : Hunting attempt by Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsi horsfield, family mustelidae, in Periyar tiger reserve, Kerala. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 286.

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001080   Jha S (Green Peoples India, , Pranta Pally, P.O. and Dist. Malda 732 101, West Bengal) : Attempted feeding by a shikra Accipiter badius, family accipitridae, on bufestriped keelback Amphiesma stolata, family colubridae. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 298.

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001079   Himmatsinhji M K;Tiwari J K;Varu S N (NO, , Jubilee Ground, Bhuj, Kutch) : On the status of Hypocolius ampelinus bonaparte in the Indian subcontinent. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 306-08.

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001078   Heinen J T (Environmental Studies Dep, Florida International Univ, Miami, FL, 33199, USA) : Phenotypic and behavioural characteristics used to identify wild buffalo Bufalus rubalis from feral backcrosses in Nepal. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 173-83.

All remaining populations of the wild Asiatic buffalo are known to cross breed with domestiv and feral forms living in the vicinity of the handful of reserves in which the species is found. Cenbsuses of these animals done in various places in India and Nepal have been criticized because researchers have used various criteria to differentiate wild buffalo versus feral backcrosses, thus rendering population estimates unreliable. Due to the highly endangered status of the wild buffalo, there is an urgent need for a set of criteria that can be applied more broadly to distinguish wild from feral forms. Describes the phenotypic and behavioural characteristics used to census wild buffalo and feral backcrosses in Kosi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal, which contains the last Nepalese population of the psecies. It is hoped that other researchers in the region may find these field characteristics useful in identifying wild stocks in South and Southeast Asia, where they are still thought to occur. Ideally, in all cases, detailed genetic studies are needed to plan managerial interventions such as translocation projects. Given the expense of such studies, it is suggested that translocations can be planned using consistent field identification criteria, until such time as more detailed genetic work is done.

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001077   Gopi Sundar K S;Chanda J (Wildlife Institute of India, , P.B. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001) : Foliage-dew bathing in oriental white-eye Zosterops palpebrosus, family zosteropidae. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 318-19.

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001076   Ganguli-Lachungpa U;Sharma B L (Forestry Dep, Environment & Wildlife, Govt of Sikkim, Deorali, Gangtok-737 102) : Himalayan marmot Marmota bobak (Muller) resighted after eight years at Kyongnosla Alpine sanctuary, East Sikkim. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 288-9.

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001075   Ganguli-Lachungpa U (Forestry Dep, Environment & Wildlife. Govt of Sikkim, Deorali, Gangtok-737 102) : Eurasian eagle-owl Bubo bubo Tibetanus bianchi at 2,100 M in North Sikkim. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 305-06.

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001074   Frost G (Shanu Smruti, Kudach Wada, Arpora-403 518, , ) : Sighting of a rufous-necked stint Calidris ruficollis (Pallas) in West Bengal, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 300-01.

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001073   Eric D'Chnha E P (NO, , P.O. Kisli-481 768, District Mandla) : Range extension of Rana malabarica (Bibr.) in Madhya Pradesh. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 332.

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001072   Choudhury A (The Rhino Foundation for nature in NE India, C/o The Assam Co. Ltd.,, , Bamunimaidam, Guwahati-781 021) : Possible occurrence of Tibet red deer Cervus elaphus wallichi in Arunachal Pradesh. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 286-8.

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001071   Choudhury A (The Rhino Foundation for nature in NE India, , C/o The Assam Co. Ltd, Bamunimaidam, Guwahati-781 021) : On some large-sized red pandas Ailurus fulgens F. cuvier. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 285-6.

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001070   Cherian P T (Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station, 100, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028) : Malanochaetomyia, a new genus of chloropidae (diptera) from the oriental region. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 258-61.

Melanochaetomyia gen. nov. is described from India with M. rubrohalterata sp. nov., the type species.

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001069   Chaturvedi N;Srivastava G K (Bombay Natural History Society, , Hornbill House, S.B. Singh Road, Mumbai-400 023) : Dermaptera in the collection of the Bombay natural history society, Mumbai. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 211-16.

The study is based upon a part of the collection made during the Abor Expedition - 1911-1912 covering the present day Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Altogether, 23 species (excluding seven identified up to generic level, since represented either by females or nymphs) belonging to 20 genera are dealth with.

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001068   Bhupathy S;Nixon A M A (Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, , P.O, Anaikatti, Coimbatore-641 108) : Communal egg laying by Cnemaspis indica in Mukuruthi National Park, Western Ghats, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 332.

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001067   Bharti H (Zoology Dep, Punjab Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Fish fauna of some streams and rivers in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 337-40.

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001066   Bharos A M K;Sahu M (NO, , B-101, Gayatri Nagar, P.O. Shankar Nagar, Raipur-492 007) : Breeding by the Indian Courser Cursorius coromandelicus in winter in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 299-30.

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001065   Banik S (Fisheries & Limnology Res Unit, Life Sci Dep, Tripura Univ, Agartala0799 013) : Two new species of genus collotheca harring 1913 (rotifera: monogononta) from freshwaters of Tripura, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 262-6.

Records two new species: Collotheca tetralobata sp. nov. and C. hexalobata sp. nov. from the wetlands of Tripura which are described. In order to find out their ecological niche characteristics, different physicochemical factors of water, preference of plant-substrata, and seasonal occurrence of the species were also noted.

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001064   Andheria A P (NO, , 2, Sagar Building, V.P. Road, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400 058) : Roosting behaviour of common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius (Pennant). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 312-16.

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001063   Ananda Kumar M;Mewa Singh;Srivastava S K; Udhayan A;Kumar H N;Sharma A K (Biopsychology Lab, Univ of Mysore, Mysore-570 006) : Distribution patterns, relative abundance and management of mammals in Indira Gandhi Wildlife sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2002, 99(2), 184-210.

Reports the results from systematic sampling and 6 years of incidental encounters with wild mammals in Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Anaimalai hills in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 239 plots were laid along 38 transects in different vegetation types, covering a length of 200 km. Data was collected during transect walks by direct sightings, whereas the plots were searched for the presence of signs and tracks. Gaur, sambar and muntjac occurred with a higher frequency in rainforest, while chital and pig did so in other vegetation types. Elephants moved in the dry season to the wet western ranges and back in the wet season to the dry eastern ranges. Tiger had a higher frequency in the wet forests, while that of leopard was higher in the drier forest types. The dry forests at lower altitudes were occupied by the common palm civet, while the forested areas of higher altitudes were largely inhabited by brown palm civet, along with the small Indian civet which occurred commonly in the open areas. Malabar giant squirrel had a relatively higher frequency in other vegetation types than in the riparian forests of the eastern ranges, which were inhabited by grizzled squirrel. The forests at lower altitudes were occupied by bonnet macaque and Hanuman langur, whereas the wet forests of the higher altitude were occupied by lion-tailed macaque and Nilgiri langur. The wet ranges in the Sanctuary were characterized by fragmentation of rainforest, and dry ranges had high.

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000038   Yahya H S (Centre of Wildlife and Ornithology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Feeding habits of the white-breasted kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn.) family Alcedinidae. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2001, 98(3), 451-2.

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000037   Vyas R;Yadav S S (NO, , 2P22, Vigyan Nagar Kota-324005) : An Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata found wounded in Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(9), 1196.

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000036   Unnithan S (NO, , Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, S.B. Singh Road, Mumbai-400 023) : Male breeding plumage of the baya weaver Ploceus philippinus travancoreensis Whistler. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2001, 98(3), 453.

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000035   Swain D;Singh L A K (NO, , Similipal Tiger Reserve, Baripada-757002) : Musth in female Asian elephant. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(9), 1202-3.

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000034   Siliwal M;Suresh B;Pilo B (Wildlife Information & Liaison Development Society, , 29/1 Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004) : Spiders of Purna Wildlife sanctuary, Dangs, Gujarat. Zoos Print J 2003, 18(11), 1259-63.

The spider diversity of Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, Dangs, Gujarat as recorded in 2000-2001 is 116 species belonging to 66 genera and 25 families. Family Araneidae was found to be dominating. Rare spiders like Rhene khandalaensis and Stegodyphus mirandus are first records for Gujarat. A burrow of ground therasphosid was also sighted.

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000033   Shyam Prasad G;Ranganath H R (Central Agric Res Inst, , P.B. 181, Port Blair-744 101) : Occurrence of chilli gall midge, Asphondylia capsici Barnes (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) in South Andamans, Andaman Islands. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2001, 98(3), 468-9.

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