ISA

The effect of wildfires on wood - decay fungi in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

IBRAHIM N I, SULIEMAN A M E, HANNACHI S, STEVENSON S L

Some additions to the flora of Wardha District

RAMTEKE I P, SRINIVASU T

Melittopalynological studies on pollen load of apis cerana indica from pauni region of Bhandara District (Maharashtra)

BRAMHANKAR K B, GHUGAL S I, RAHILE B S

Leech fauna of Melghat region

DESHMUKH S S

Pro-environmental attitude and behaviour of rural students – A case study from Bhopal, Madhya pradesh, India

PURI K, VEL A S, MANOHARAN N, JAMES R A, JOSHI R

Molecular interaction between candidatus liberibacter asiaticus and citrus: A review

IQBAL S, MAHMOOD S, MUBEEN I, KHALID Z, AYAZ M

045744 IQBAL S, MAHMOOD S, MUBEEN I, KHALID Z, AYAZ M (Huazhong Agricultural Univ, Wuhan- 430 070, P.R. China, Email: shehzadbhutta02@gmail.com) : Molecular interaction between candidatus liberibacter asiaticus and citrus: A review. Int J Sci Nat 2020, 11(2), 17-23.

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating disease of citrus, is associated with infection by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, a phloem-limited, fastidious α-proteobacteria in the family Rhizobiacea and is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. In this study, the molecular basis of citrus-HLB interactions has been studied using transcriptome analyses, and these analyses have identified many pathways modulated by C. las infection among different citrus cultivars. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) activity of flg22 in Las is weaker than those in other well studied plant pathogenic bacteria. Predecessors thought that host citrus plants have not evolved sufficient immune responses to effectively prevent infection. The accessibility of high throughput sequencing, transcriptomes and proteomes have functional to Las-infected plants and treated plants; as a result, numerous characteristic innate immunity elicitors, transcription factors, defense responsive components, and signaling molecules have revealed. This aspect, the relationship between Ca. Liberibacters and citrus now can be interpreted from a plant innate immunity perspective. As a counteraction, plants have evolved cellular processes that can specifically recognize the effectors, either directly or indirectly, by producing disease resistance (R) proteins. HLB strongly affected pathways and processes, such as sugar and starch metabolism, cell wall metabolism, stress response, hormone signaling and phloem genes were significantly altered in citrus. This study helps to understanding some aspects related interaction between Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and citrus and helps to developing defense against Huanglongbing in future.

1 illus, 45 ref

Effect of training & pruning techniques on yield & quality of capsicum under protected cultivation

JAGDALE Y L, SAKDEO B M, ALI S S

Effect of training & pruning techniques on yield & quality of capsicum under protected cultivation

JAGDALE Y L, SAKDEO B M, ALI S S

Impact of some hydrological factors on phytoplankton community structures in agaie-lapai dam reservoir of Niger state, Nigeria

YAKUBU U P, IBRAHIM S U, BELLO O S

Combating climate change-induced heat stress: Assessing cool roofs and its impact on the indoor ambient temperature of the households in the urban slums of Ahmedabad

VELLINGIRI S, DUTTA P, SINGH S, SATHISH L M, PINGLE S, BRAHMBHATT B

039387 VELLINGIRI S, DUTTA P, SINGH S, SATHISH L M, PINGLE S, BRAHMBHATT B (Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Email: priya.iiphg@gmail.com) : Combating climate change-induced heat stress: Assessing cool roofs and its impact on the indoor ambient temperature of the households in the urban slums of Ahmedabad. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2020, 24(1), 25-9.

The rising global temperature and frequent heatwaves are the adverse effects of climate change. The causalities and ill impacts of the heat stress were higher among the slum dwellers because of the vulnerable household structures, which were made by heat-trapping materials like tin sheets, cement sheet (asbestos), plastic, and tarpaulin. The houses are not only dwellings but also a source of livelihood for many slum dwellers as they are involved in home-based work. The increase in the temperature of more than 40°C severely affects health and increases energy expenditures. The present study conducted to identify the efficient cool roof technologies that reduce indoor temperature of the households and improve the heat resilience of dwellings located in the urban slums of Ahmedabad. The performances of cool roof interventions were compared with the non intervention - roof types, namely, tin, asbestos/cement sheet, and concrete. Relative humidity/temperature data loggers (Lascar EL-USB-2-LCD, Sweden) were used to measure the indoor ambient temperature and humidity. The questionnaire-based survey also has been conducted to understand the socioeconomic status and the perceptions related to roofing and health. The results revealed that selected cool roof technologies including Thermocol insulation, solar reflective white paint on the outer surface of the roof, and Modroof are effectively reducing the indoor temperature as compared to the non intervention roofing.Cool roof technologies have a wider scope as number of informal settlements are increasing across the cities in India and other developing countries. The governments may not able to provide proper housing to all these inhabitants due to various reasons including the land tenure of the habitats. Validated cool roof technologies can be promoted as these structures are not requires legal sanctions and easily dismantled and installed in multiple places and safeguards the investment of urban poor.

5 illus, 21 ref

Maintenance mechanism of Enteromorpha prolifera green tide: From perspective of nutrients utilization

CHAI Y, WANG H, GE C

Time course nutrient uptake study of some intertidal rocky shore macroalgae and the limiting effect due to synergistic interaction

IMCHEN T, EZAZ W

Application of calcareous spicules for the identification of sea cucumbers in the rocky shores of northern Persian gulf

SALARI-ALIABADI M A, MONJEZI-VEYSI M

Biodiversity assemblages and conservation necessities of ecologically sensitive natural wetlands of north-eastern Bangladesh

SUNNY A R, REZA M J, CHOWDHURY M A, HASSAN M N, BATEN M A, HASAN M R, MONWAR M M, HOSSAIN M S, HOSSAIN M M

First report of ten grouper species (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) from the West Bengal coast, along the east coast of India

RAY D, MOHAPATRA A

New record of five ornamental triggerfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae) from West Bengal coast, India

RAY D, MOHAPATRA A

First record of grunting toad fish, Allenbatrachus grunniens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Batrachoidiformes: Batrachoididae) from Odisha Coast, India

DASH D, ROY S, YADAV R, PATRO S, MOHAPATRA A

First record of deformity in Chinese Pomfret, Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788) from Indian waters

VINOTHKUMAR R, RAJKUMAR M, THIRUMALAISELVAN S, SARAVANAN R, REMYA L, BATCHA S M S, NAZAR A K A

Unusual mass shoreward movement of bivalve (Mollusca) Donax scortum Linnaeus along the coastal waters off Calicut - South Eastern Arabian Sea

THOMAS L C, SATHISH T, JESLIN I J, SREERAG A, NANDAN S B, PADMAKUMAR K B

Resource selection of mule deer in a shrub-steppe ecosystem: Influence of woodland distribution and animal behavior

MORANO S, STEWART K M, DILTS T, ELLSWORTH A, BLEICH V C

006312 MORANO S, STEWART K M, DILTS T, ELLSWORTH A, BLEICH V C (Natural Resources and Environmental Science Dep, Nevada Reno Univ, Nevada- 89557, Email: sabrina.morano@maine.edu) : Resource selection of mule deer in a shrub-steppe ecosystem: Influence of woodland distribution and animal behavior. Ecosphere 2019, 10(11), e02811.

Ungulates inhabiting arid ecosystems are reliant on productive forb and shrub communities during summer months to meet nutritional demands for survival and reproduction. In the western United States, expansion of woodland vegetation into shrub-dominated communities and the potential loss of habitat are of concern with regard to animal populations reliant on robust sagebrush shrub and forb vegetation. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to model resource selection of female mule deer (Odo-coileus hemionus) during the summers of 2005–2008. We considered selection at two spatial scales, and during three daily activity periods (night, crepuscular, and mid-day) corresponding to resting and foraging. We evaluated habitat variables related to vegetation type, site productivity, terrain attributes, and fine-scale abundance of pinyon–juniper cover. Those attributes allowed us to account for variation in site productivity and animal behaviors that could obscure the true relationship between density of pinyon–juniper woodland and habitat use by mule deer. We detected observable differences in habitat use by muledeer among the three activity periods with significant differences in movement rates. Deer were most active during crepuscular periods corresponding with foraging activity, and least active mid-day when temperatures were highest. Summer habitat consisted of sites with high potential productivity, greater shrub abundance, and greater proximity to riparian areas. Deer avoided high levels of tree cover (>40 % coverage) at all spatial and temporal scales, and in general selection declined with increasing pinyon–juniper cover, particularly during foraging periods. Nonetheless, mule deer selected areas with low to intermediate tree cover (10 % to 40 %) during resting periods and avoided areas of productive shrub and forb vegetation and riparian areas, when surrounded by denser stands of pinyon–juniper cover. These results emphasize the importance of productive shrub and forb vegetation to mule deer in habiting semi-arid regions and suggest that low levels of tree cover are beneficial, especially during resting periods. Nevertheless, dense pinyon–juniper cover was generally avoided even in areas of high site productivity.These relationships lend support to the concern that increases in large, dense stands of pinyon–juniper reduce availability of summer habitat and alter patterns of resource selection for mule deer, a shrub-dependent ungulate.

9 illus, 2 tables, 102 ref

Habitat complexity influences the structure of food webs in Great Barrier reef seagrass meadows

JINKS K I, BROWN C J, RASHEED M A, SCOTT A L, SHEAVES M, YORK P H, CONNOLLY R M

006308 JINKS K I, BROWN C J, RASHEED M A, SCOTT A L, SHEAVES M, YORK P H, CONNOLLY R M (Griffith Univ, Queensland- 4222, Email: kristin.jinks@griffithuni.edu.au) : Habitat complexity influences the structure of food webs in Great Barrier reef seagrass meadows. Ecosphere 2019, 10(11), e02928.

Structural habitat complexity is a fundamental attribute influencing ecological food webs. Simplification of complex habitats occurs due to both natural and anthropogenic pressures that can alter productivity of food webs. Relationships between food web structure and habitat complexity may be influenced by multiple mechanisms, and untangling these can be challenging. We investigated whether size spectra vary across agradient of habitat complexity in seagrass meadows and structural complexity changes the importance of different primary producers supporting the food web (determined using stable isotope analysis) in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. We found that moderately complex meadows had much steeper size spectraslopes, caused by a higher abundance of smaller animals and fewer larger animals, while meadows on either end of the complexity scale (low and a single meadow with very high complexity) had shallower slopes,indicative of a more balanced distribution of animal sizes across the spectrum. We also found that the importance of epiphytic algae as a food source was high in most meadows, despite the increase in seagrass surface area on which epiphytes could grow. The consistent importance of epiphytic algae suggests that the changes inthe availability of different potential food sources did not affect food web structure. Our findings indicate that food web structure may change with variations in structural complexity because of changes in the abundance of smaller and/or larger animals. Food web structure and food sources are important determinants of the dynamic stability of food webs. Size spectra analysis is already used as a monitoring tool for assessing populations of key fisheries species in commercial fishing operations, and thus, we recommend using size spectra as aproxy for assessing the structure of the food webs in different types of seagrass meadows. Size spectra may bea useful indicator of how different meadows provide for ecosystem services such as fisheries.

3 illus, 58 ref

Variability in nomadism: Environmental gradients modulate the movement behaviors of dryland ungulates

NANDINTSETSEG D, BRACIS C, LEIMGRUBER P, KACZENSKY P, BUUVEIBAATAR B, LKHAGVASUREN B, CHIMEDDORJ B, ENKHTUVSHIN S, HORNING N, ITO T Y, et al.

006314 NANDINTSETSEG D, BRACIS C, LEIMGRUBER P, KACZENSKY P, BUUVEIBAATAR B, LKHAGVASUREN B, CHIMEDDORJ B, ENKHTUVSHIN S, HORNING N, ITO T Y, et al. (Senckenberg Gesellschaft f€ur Naturforschung, Frankfurt- 60325) : Variability in nomadism: Environmental gradients modulate the movement behaviors of dryland ungulates. Ecosphere 2019, 10(11), e02924.

Studying nomadic animal movement across species and ecosystems is essential for better understanding variability in nomadism. In arid environments, unpredictable changes in water and forage resources are known drivers of nomadic movements. Water resources vary temporally but are often spatially stationary, whereas foraging resources are often both temporally and spatially variable. These differences may lead to different types of nomadic movements: forage- vs. water-driven nomadism. Our study investigates these two different types of nomadism in relation to resource gradients from mesic steppe toxeric desert environments in Mongolia’s Gobi-Steppe Ecosystem. We hypothesized that in the desert,where water is a key resource, animals are more water-dependent and may show water-driven nomadism with frequent revisits to spatially fixed resources, while in the steppe, animals are less water-dependent and may show forage-driven nomadism, tracking high-quality foraging patches with infrequent revisits top reviously used resources. We utilized GPS movement data from 40 individuals of four ungulate species (Mongolian gazelle, goitered gazelle, saiga antelope, and Asiatic wild ass) in the Gobi-Steppe Ecosystem.We calculated displacement distances and recursion metrics and subsequently performed a principal component analysis to quantify the variation in movement patterns. The satellite-derived vegetation green nessserved as a proxy for the resource gradient and was associated with variation in movement behaviors described by the first principal component, demonstrating that the variability in movements was closely related to the resource gradient from mesic to xeric habitats. We showed that ungulates in the resource-rich steppe tended to move long distances with few revisits (forage-driven nomadism), while ungulates in the resource-poor desert tended to move shorter distances with more revisits (water-driven nomadism). Our results suggest that xeric and mesic habitats promote different types of nomadic strategies. These results have important implications for conservation strategies: Forage-driven nomads primarily require a high degree of landscape-level permeability, and water-driven nomads additionally require the protection of ephemeral water bodies and actions to maintain the functional connectivity between them.

4 illus, 1 table, 62 ref

Fate of N additions in a multiple resource-limited Mediterranean oak Savanna

MORRIS K A, NAIR R F, MORENO G, SCHRUMPF M, MIGLIAVACCA M

Data system design alters meaning in ecological data: Salmon habitat restoration across the U.S. Pacific Northwest

KATZ S L, BARNAS K A, DIAZ M, HAMPTON S E

006310 KATZ S L, BARNAS K A, DIAZ M, HAMPTON S E (Washington State Univ, Washington- 99164, Email: Steve.Katz@WSU.edu) : Data system design alters meaning in ecological data: Salmon habitat restoration across the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Ecosphere 2019, 10(11), e02920.

As an increasing variety and complexity of environmental issues confront scientists and natural resource managers, assembling the most relevant and informative data into accessible data systems becomes critical to timely problem solving. Data interoperability is the key criterion for succeeding in that assembly, and much informatics research is focused on data federation, or synthesis to produce interoperable data.However, when candidate data come from numerous, diverse, and high-value legacy data sources, the issue of data variety or heterogeneity can be a significant impediment to interoperability. Research in informatics,computer science and philosophy has frequently focused on resolving data heterogeneity with automation, but subject matter expertise still plays a large role. In particular, human expertise is a large component in the development of tools such as data dictionaries, crosswalks, and ontologies. Such representations may notal ways match from one data system to another, presenting potentially inconsistent results even with the same data. Here, we use a long-term data set on management actions designed to improve stream habitat foren dangered salmon in the Pacific Northwest, to illustrate how different representations can change the under-lying information content in the data system. We pass the same data set comprised of 49,619 records through three ontologies, each developed to address a rational management need, and show that the inferences drawn from the data can change with choice of data representation or ontology. One striking example shows that theuse of one ontology would suggest water quality improvement projects are the rarest and most expensive restoration actions undertaken, while another will suggest these actions to be the most common and least expensive type of management actions. The discrepancy relates to the origins of the data dictionaries them-selves, with one designed to catalog management actions and the other focused on ecological processes. Thus,we argue that in data federation efforts humans are “in the loop” rationally, in the form of the ontologies they have chosen, and diminishing the human component in favor of automation carries risks. Consequently, datafederation exercises should be accompanied by validations in order to evaluate and manage those risks.

2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

Epidemic spruce beetle outbreak changes drivers of Engelmann spruce regeneration

PETTIT J M, BURTON J I, DEROSE R J, LONG J N, VOELKER S L

006315 PETTIT J M, BURTON J I, DEROSE R J, LONG J N, VOELKER S L (Wildland Resources Dep, Utah State Univ, Utah- 84321, Email: jessikapettit@gmail.com) : Epidemic spruce beetle outbreak changes drivers of Engelmann spruce regeneration. Ecosphere 2019, 10(11), e02912.

Climate-mediated disturbances outside the range of historical variability can have severe conse-quences on vital, post-disturbance regeneration processes. High-elevation forests of the Rocky Mountains thatare dominated by Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpinefir (Abies lasiocarpa) are expected to be sensitive to climate change. Additionally, these forests have experienced recent epidemic spruce beetle (Den-droctonus rufipennis) outbreaks that have often resulted in >95 % mortality of overstory Engelmann spruce.Therefore, the future distribution of Engelmann spruce forests depends largely on natural regeneration pro-cesses. We examined Engelmann spruce seedlings across gradients in soil moisture and stand structural conditions 20 yr post-disturbance on the Markagunt Plateau in southern Utah. All Engelmann spruce seedlings were mapped, measured, and aged, and aspects of stand structure and the micro climate were measured. Thegoal of our research was to infer processes affecting Engelmann spruce establishment by determining if patterns of advance regeneration that established before the outbreak (~60% of individuals) differed from seed-lings that established during and immediately following the outbreak (combined into one group,~40 % ofindividuals). A generalized linear multi-model approach identified that the density of advance regeneration(seedlings/saplings) was negatively influenced by historical competition with overstory trees. In contrast,post-outbreak regeneration was related to microclimate conditions, including positive relationships with climatic moisture deficit and July soil water content. All seedlings were not significantly clustered around Engel-mann spruce snags; however, there was evidence of facilitation of post-outbreak seedlings by pre-outbreak seedlings at higher elevation sites with lower moisture deficit. Together, these findings suggest post-outbreak seedlings were not moisture-limited at lower elevations but instead encouraged by higher evapotranspiration.Moreover, facilitation at higher elevations likely resulted from how preoutbreak seedlings modify snow pack and associated seedbed environments. Our study provides insight for managing Engelmann spruce after abeetle outbreak. In these forests, pre- and post-outbreak regeneration can increase resilience to climate–distur-bance interactions, but are patchy and structured at different scales. Therefore, the presence of advance regen-eration and the likelihood of post-outbreak seedlings depend on local environment (soil moisture and standstructure) and could be taken into account to most effectively plan post-disturbance planting activities.

6 illus, 2 tables, 92 ref

Novel plant–insect interactions in an urban environment: Enemies, protectors, and pollinators of invasive knotweeds

JOHNSON L R, BREGER B, DRUMMOND F

006309 JOHNSON L R, BREGER B, DRUMMOND F (Research and Conservation Div, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania- 19348, Email: ljohnson@longwoodgardens.org) : Novel plant–insect interactions in an urban environment: Enemies, protectors, and pollinators of invasive knotweeds. Ecosphere 2019, 10(11), e02885.

Relationships between invasive plants and other species in their introduced ranges may facilitate or hinder the process of invasion. Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed), Fallopia sachalinensis(giant knotweed), and their hybrid Fallopia X bohemica(Bohemian knotweed) are widespread invasive plants in North America and Europe. These species possess extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) that attract mutualist insect protectors in their native ranges. Popillia japonica Newman, 1841 (Japanese beetle) is a primary herbivore of invasive Fallopia spp. in these species’native range in Japan. These natural enemies are reunited in North America, where Fallopia spp. have been repeatedly introduced as ornamental plantings of residential and commercial properties since the 1800s, and the Japanese beetle has become a widespread insect pest.Spread of Fallopia spp. and their hybrids along linear features of urban landscapes such as roads, railways, and waterways make their performance in urban environments important to these invasive species’ impact. To test the role of insect interactions in the success of Fallopia japonica and F.9bohemicain urban conditions in their invasive range, we examined ant visitation, Japanese beetle abundance and herbivory, ant–Japanese beetle interactions, pollinator visits, and seed production. All active herbivory observed was by Japanese beetles. Leaf area loss to herbivory was much lower than levels reported in Japan, suggesting partial enemy release. New Fallopia leaves were more frequently visited by ants than mature leaves, while Japanese beetle herbivory was observed on mature but not on new leaves. All ant species observed visiting invasive Fallopia EFN were native to North America. Active physical defense by these ants against Japanese beetles was observed but was rare. Native and non-native insects visited Fallopia flowers, followed by seed production. Our results indicate that both native and non-native species may facilitate invasion of Fallopia through pollination and protection mutualisms.

4 illus, 4 tables, 106 ref

Potential for post-fire recovery of Greater Sage-Grouse habitat

RIGINOS C, MONACO T A, VEBLEN K E, GUNNELL K, THACKER E, DAHLGREN D, MESSMER T

006316 RIGINOS C, MONACO T A, VEBLEN K E, GUNNELL K, THACKER E, DAHLGREN D, MESSMER T (Wildland Resources Dep, Utah State Univ, Utah- 84322-5230, Email: corinna.riginos@tnc.org) : Potential for post-fire recovery of Greater Sage-Grouse habitat. Ecosphere 2019, 10(11), e02870.

In the western United States, fire has become a significant concern in the management of big sage-brush (Artemisia tridentataNutt.) ecosystems. This is due to large-scale increases in cover of the fire-prone inva-sive annual cheat grass (Bromus tectorum L.) and, concurrently, concerns about declining quantity and quality of habitat for Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). The prevailing paradigm is that fire results in a loss of sage-grouse habitat on time scales relevant to conservation planning (i.e., 1–20 yr), since sage brush cover can take many more years to recover post-fire. However,fire can have effects that improve sage-grouse habitat, including stimulating perennial grass and forb production. The conditions under which fire results in the per-manent loss or enhancement of sage-grouse habitat are not well understood. We used long-term data from the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Range Trend Project to assess short-term (1–4 yr post-treatment) and long-term (6–10 yr post-treatment) effects offire on vegetation cover at 16 sites relative to sage-grouse habitat vegetation guidelines. Sagebrush cover remained low post-fire at sites considered historically unsuitable for sage-grouse (<10% initial sagebrush cover). In contrast, at sites that had higher (>10%) pre-fire sagebrush cover, sage-brush cover decreased to<10% in the short-term post-fire, but by 6–10 yr after fire, most of these sites exhibiteda recovering trajectory and two sites had recovered to>10% cover. Post-fire sagebrush cover was positively related to elevation. Across all sites, perennial grasses and forbs increased in cover to approximately meet the habitat vegetation guidelines for sage-grouse. Cheatgrass cover did not change in response tofire, and increased perennial grass cover appears to have played an important role in suppressing cheatgrass. Our results indicate that, while fire poses a potential risk for sage-grouse habitat loss and degradation, burned sites do not necessarily need to be considered permanently altered, especially if they are located at higher elevation, have high sagebrush cover pre-fire, and are reseeded with perennial grasses and forbs post-fire. However, our results confirm that fire at more degraded sites, for example, those with<10% sagebrush cover, can result in cheat-grass-dominated landscapes and sagebrush loss at these sites should be avoided.

3 illus, 2 tables, 51 ref

Checklist and conservation of spices’ plant species in Ijesa region of Osun State, Nigeria

KAYODE J, COLE A T, OBEMBE M O

Water and coastal water vegetation of various types of waters in the Samarkand region

TASHPULATOV Y SH, KHAMDAMOV I KH, NURNIYOZOV A A

New record of small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus from Delhi

RAMYA N, MESHRAM N M

A range-wide model of contemporary, omnidirectional connectivity for the threatened Mojave desert tortoise

GRAY M E, DICKSON B G, NUSSEAR K E, ESQUE T C, CHANG T

005066 GRAY M E, DICKSON B G, NUSSEAR K E, ESQUE T C, CHANG T (Conservation Science Partners, California- 961 61, Email: miranda@csp-inc.org) : A range-wide model of contemporary, omnidirectional connectivity for the threatened Mojave desert tortoise. Ecosphere 2019, 10(9), e02847.

As habitat destruction leads to species extinctions globally, conservation planning that accounts for population-level connectivity and gene ﬂow is an urgent priority. Models that only approxi-mate habitat potential are incomplete because areas of high habitat potential may be isolated, where as intermixed areas of lower habitat potential may still be critical for maintaining connectivity between andamong populations. We developed a range-wide, omni directional (coreless) connectivity model and mapfor the threatened Mojave desert tortoise at a high spatial resolution (30 m), based on empirical movement data and a circuit-theoretic approach to estimating connectivity. Speciﬁcally, we ﬁrst estimated habitat potential (i.e., quality) for tortoise movement (as distinct from habitat potential more generally) across its range using hypotheses based on the published literature, linear mixed models, multiple environmental factors derived from remotely sensed data, and recent solar and wind development foot prints. The resul-tant raster output was used to represent landscape conductance in a circuit-theoretic model of connectivity, which relates the ﬂow of electrical current through a circuit to the movement of tortoises through the land-scape. We then modeled potential connectivity across the range of the tortoise using Circuitscape software and the Julia numerical programming language. Intermediate distances from minor roads, intermediate values of annual average maximum temperature, and increasing density of desert washes were among the strongest predictors of movement habitat quality. There was also strong evidence for increased habitat quality for movement with increasing amounts of vegetation cover. The resulting connectivity model and map was determined to accurately reﬂect important areas for tortoise movement, but we encourage others to do their own evaluation of the model within local areas of interest and as more data become available.Accordingly, the map can provide an important component to improve management decisions that have the potential to inﬂuence the conservation of connected desert tortoise populations throughout the range.

5 illus, 1 table, 61 ref

First authentic report of Salim Ali's fruit bat (Latidens salimalii) and its range extinction record in Kerala State of Southern Western Ghats

JOY T K, VANITHARANI J, JEYAPRABA L

Checklist for phytodiversity of East Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, Northeast India: Part I

MIPUN P, BORAH D, BHAT N A, KUMAR Y

Microhabitat dependant the proliferation of microfungi in Dandak cave of Kanger Valley National Park, India

BISWAS D , BISWAS J

The forest of reverence (sacred groves) in the arid biogeographic province of India: A literature-based comparison with the sacred groves of the arid deserts of the world

PANDEY A, MAHATO A K R

Fishtail palm, Caryota urens L. – A new host plant record for the arecanut spindle bug, Volkeliopsis arecae (Miller & China) (Heteroptera: Miridae)

SHAMEEM K M, HIREMATH S R, PRATHAPAN K D

Modeling composite effects of marine and freshwater processes on migratory species

FRIEDMAN W R, MARTIN B T, WELLS B K, WARZYBOK P, MICHEL C J, DANNER E M, LINDLEY S T

003821 FRIEDMAN W R, MARTIN B T, WELLS B K, WARZYBOK P, MICHEL C J, DANNER E M, LINDLEY S T (California Univ, California, USA, Email: friedman@nceas.ucsb.edu) : Modeling composite effects of marine and freshwater processes on migratory species. Ecosphere 2019, 10(7), e02743.

Life histories of migratory species such as anadromous fishes make them particularly susceptible to composite effects of processes experienced across distinct habitats and life stages. Therefore, their population dynamics are difficult to quantify and manage without tools such as life-cycle models. As amodel species for which life-cycle modeling is particularly useful, we provide an analysis of influential processes affecting dynamics of the Central Valley fall-run Chinook salmon (CVFC) population (Oncorhynchustshawytscha). This analysis demonstrates how, through identification of covariates that affect this population at each life stage and their relationship to one another, it is possible to identify actions that best promote sustainability for this anadromous species. We developed a life-cycle model for CVFC examining primary processes influencing variability in observed patterns of escapement from 1988 to 2016. CVFC area valuablefishery along the US West Coast; however, their natural population is a fraction of its historicsize, and recent low escapements have resulted in substantial restrictions on the fishery. Our model explains 68.3% of variability in historic escapement values. The most influential processes include temperatures experienced during egg incubation, fresh waterflow during juvenile out migration, and environmentally mediated predation during early marine residence. This work demonstrates the need, and methodology, for considering the interactions between freshwater and marine dynamics when evaluating the efficacy of managerial practices in freshwater and the ocean, especially in the context of increased environmental variability, climate change, and dynamic predator populations. The methodology developed in this study can be used toward improved conservation and management of other anadromous fishes and migratory species.

6 illus, 3 tables, 102 ref

Floristic diversity of riparian plants in Aswan reservoir at the extreme south of the river Nile, upper Egypt : A closed ecological system

BADRY M O, RADWAN T A A, AYED F A A, SHEDED M G