042804   DIAZ-CORNEJO N , RUIZ-GARCÉS L, ORTIZ-GIRÓN J, RAMIREZBARBERA N (Sinu Univ, Monteria, Colombia, Email: luiscarlosrg03@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens isolated from the bloodstream in patients of a hospital institution in Montería — Córdoba. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1908–16.

To determine the most frequent bacterial pathogens in the bloodstream and their resistance profiles in a hospital institution in Monteria - Cordoba. An observational study was conducted, during the months of January to December 2018, 113 blood samples from patients with sepsis were evaluated. The identification and susceptibility of the bacteria were determined through the VITEK system, using the GNI + cards for Gram-negative bacilli and GPI for Gram-positive cocci and the GNS 113 and GPS 102 cards for Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci respectively. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, the ones that were most frequently isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii; while among the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis was the pathogen that was most frequently isolated. Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to doripenem, imipenem and meropenem. Acinetobacter baumannii showed high resistance to most antibiotics. Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae had a low resistance rate. Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis ss. hominis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus ss. aureus showed high resistance to erythromycin. A high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed in the present investigation.

3 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

042802   CHHAJRO M A, KHUHRO M A , KUMARK , WAGAN A A , UMRANI A I , LAGHARI A A (Computer Science Dep, Sindh Madressatul Islam Univ, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: ameen.chhajro@smiu.edu.pk) : Multi-text classification of Urdu/Roman using machine learning and natural language preprocessing techniques. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1890–900.

This research presents multi-text classification from the news text dataset. The main purpose of this work is to classify multi-text for Urdu and Roman language using Natural Language processing and Machine Learning classification models. In this research, online news data has been collected through beautiful soup web scraping tool. In order to analyze the model accuracy news data is divided into six categories which has been composed from various online newspaper platforms. The main news corpus data consists of 10500 news in Urdu and Roman Urdu language including, Accidental, Education, Entertainment, International, Sports and Weather news have been primarily focused in the proposed research study. Furthermore, preprocessing is performed on text corpus using Natural Language Processing technique; for example, data cleaning, data balancing, and stop word removal. For feature extraction count vector, TF-IDF and Chi2 are employed as word filtering. For multi-text classification the Machine Learning classification schemes have been implemented namely, Naive Bayes Classifier, Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier, Linear SVC, and KNeighbors Classifier. After comparative analysis results showed that Linear Support Vector Classifier provided 96 % accuracy among other tested methods. Multi-Text classification of Urdu Roman language having different writing styles, word structure, irregularities, grammar, and combined corpus is a challenging task. For this purpose, we implemented different Machine Learning algorithms with Natural Language preprocessing technique which provided optimal results in classification of multi-text news data. 

9 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

042799   CACACHO E L, AGCAOILI S O , CACATIAN S B , OUANO N B (Cagayan State Univ, Sanchez Mira, 3518, Cagayan Valley, Philippines, Email: eleanor_cacacho@yahoo.com) : Assessment of the organic-based system of rice intensification (SRI) under coastal rice field ecosystem. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1867–72.

The effects of different levels of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice were investigated in a coastal field ecosystem under the systems of rice intensification (SRI) technology. The study was conducted in a coastal rice field with 8.38 pH. It was laid out in a split-plot design with four treatments replicated thrice. Different amounts of organic fertilizer were applied as basal fertilizer. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance of the treatment effect was determined using the F-test. Least significant difference (LSD) determined which means are statistically different at the 5 % probability level. Results showed that the filled grains and yield increase were 35.6 % and 45 %, respectively, when applied with an organic fertilizer at the rate of 6 ton/ha compared with the control. Other parameters measured like the height of plants at maturity and the number of unfilled grains were all comparable with the control group. SRI technology is a potential option for growing inbred rice in coastal rice fields.

4 illus, 28 ref

042796   GOGOI K, DEKA M , DAS J , GOSWAMI A D (Bioengineering & Technology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati, Email: krishna.rsguist@gmail.com) : A study of risk factors associated with essential Hypertension in an urban population of North East India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1840–7.

To assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits and lipid profile, associated with development of Essential Hypertension in an urban population of North-Eastern region of India. Hypertension was defined as per Clinical Practice guidelines 2017. A total number of 400 subjects – 200 normotensive and 200 hypertensives were enrolled in this case-control study. The subjects underwent Blood Pressure measurement, anthropometric measurements and Electrocardiography. Detailed sociodemographic data, medical history and personal history were noted. Serum lipid profile was estimated for all the subjects. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSSvs16. Among the 200 Normotensives 69 (17.2 %) had elevated BP. In the Essential Hypertensive group 24 (6 %) were Stage 1 and 176 (44 %) were stage 2 hypertensives. A statistically significant number of 88 % (176) hypertensive subjects were above 40 years of age (p value 3 was significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The present study highlights the association of age, high BMI, sedentary habits, consumption of extra salt, alcohol, tobacco use and dyslipidemia as major risk factors associated with Essential Hypertensive subjects in urban adults in Assam. The study highlights the different predictors of Essential Hypertension in North Eastern Indian urban adults. 

5 tables, 32 ref

042795   ALOTAIBI R S , OSMAN A S A (Shaqra Univ, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: asalageed@su.edu.sa ) : Assessing user satisfaction with the MAKKEN system in Shaqra University: A structural equation modelling analysis. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1830–9.

In Saudi Arabia, most organizations are rushing to adopt new technologies of digital transformation to achieve Saudi Vision 2030. Shaqra University has, therefore, adopted a new system, the Makken system, which allows users to conduct transactions such as printing salary details and helping managers to manage their employees and other faculty members. This study aimed to assess the factors that impact on users' satisfaction with the Makken system in Shaqra University. A questionnaire was distributed among administrative employees and faculty members in Shaqra University to assess users' satisfaction with the Makken system based on the following factors: Information quality (IQ), System quality (SQ) and Service quality (SV). In this study, the snowballing selection technique is used among 122 staff members (academic and administrative) who are working in the Shaqra University from both the male and female sections. The structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to analyse the data via maximum Likelihood operation. This was done by calculating each pathway for significance and also by estimating the strength of each path in terms of the obtained Beta value (β). Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was used in this study and the results revealed that Information quality, System quality and Service quality had positive impacts on user satisfaction with the Makken system. It was also found that most users were satisfied, but not completely satisfied, with the Makken system in Shaqra University.

2 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

042794   MEMON S, SHAIKH R A , RIND Q B , SOLANGI G H , JOKHIO S A , AHMED M (Information Technology Dep, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Univ, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan, Email: sanaullahmemon13@gmail.com) : Hidden cable fault and remote locator by using arduino. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1811–20.

To device a method to locate the hidden cable fault. The system makes use of an Arduino circuit and a supply of rectified electricity. Creation of the fault is made via the collection of switches. The relays are operated by integrated circuit relay driver. A 16*2 LCD panel connected to the Arduino board to display the information. Using an Arduino module, the device is used to find the fault spot within kilometers in a hidden cable from the base station to the precise location. If the fault happens in an underground cable, it is difficult to locate the precise location of the defect for the purpose of fixing the specific cable. With respect to its form, we will be able to identify the fault and then the location would be traced after the project is implemented.

10 illus,15 ref

042793   PANHWAR M A, KHUHRO S A , MAZHAR T , ZHONGLIANG D , BILAL M-E-A , QADIR N (Beijing Univ of Posts and Telecommunications, China, Email: maamirpanhwar@hotmail.com) : Li-Net: towards a smart Li-Fi vehicle network. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1821–9.

Light Fidelity is popularly known as Li-Fi. This is a most recent technology that was driven by German physicist Harald Haas(1) in 2011. The technology was proposed during a global talk on Technology Entertainment Design on VLC communications. Visible light communications are optical ways of communication that network the LED for data transmission. The term Li-Fi uses VLC communication for the high-end communication that can be an alternative to Wi-Fi. The proposal of Harald Haas is comparable with IEEE 802.15.7 that is the fully dual directional and networked standard built for 802.11. Li-Fi applications are featured for their comparison with other technologies like Wireless fidelity and their general use for LAN. However, the optimality of the proposed Li-Fi is within highly dense areas where Wi-Fi faces interfaces and radio interferences are no good for complimentary performance goals of the communication standard. Li-Fi proves to be better in bandwidth, connectivity and secure when the higher speeds above 1Gbps are achieved. This study outlines the characteristics of Li-Fi and describes its potential use in a smart traffic net. The smart traffic net is the future of the transport system that is based on Li-Fi. Therefore, this is called Li-Net in this article. Li-Net is a modified VaNet that uses Li-Fi for V2V and V2I communication. The leveraging of Low cost LEDs and other lighting units have lots of opportunities that can help the Li-Fi to get over Wi-Fi.

4 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

042789   JUNEJO K N (Centre Point, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: junejo@gmail.com) : A novel pixel-based supervised hybrid approach for prediction of land cover from satellite imagery. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1786–94.

To determine the land use/cover from satellite imagery using image enhancement, image processing, and supervised machine learning techniques. This land usage will help in land use policy development, disaster assessment, planning of urban infrastructure, forest and agriculture monitoring and conservation. A pixel-based supervised hybrid machine learning approach is used that combines parametric density estimation followed by a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier to predict whether a particular pixel belongs to a nucleated village or to a field, forest, river, or some other terrain from satellite images. Spatial and texture features derived from the images are used as features for the models. Free satellite images crawled from Google EarthTM are hand labeled to serve as the ground truth for training and testing Models. Models are evaluated using four-fold cross validation. Comparison with other related techniques is also presented. Our experiments suggest that instead of using pixel intensity values as features, the intensity values after edge detection give better prediction accuracy. The parametric density estimation for the two classes is better modeled as Rayleigh distribution than as a normal distribution. Smoothing further helps improve the accuracy of the models. Passing the prediction of the parametric density estimator classifier through k-NN further reduces the error by removing the salt-and-pepper effects. Effects of using different size and number of smoothing filters is also discussed. Additionally, different parameters for k-NN were also evaluated to find the best models. The model was successful in achieving a very high accuracy of more than 97% with a very small false positive rate. The results demonstrate the successful discrimination of land cover of towns and nucleated villages from the surrounding terrain. A pixel-based hybrid approach is proposed to improve accuracy of land cover classification. The proposed features and image enhancement techniques also help improve the prediction significantly. Using the proposed technique, the covered area of nucleated villages/towns can be determined for assessing the growth of towns/villages, for better of planning of urban infrastructure and land use policy, for disaster assessment, and forest and agriculture monitoring and conservation.

6 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

042788   KAVITHA D, RADHA V (Computer Science Dep, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu, Email: kavitha.ravindran2@gmail.com) : An innovative idea for low cost braille e-reader. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1778–85.

The aim of this study was to implement the rotating cubes for designing the Braillerefreshable display. The rotating cube Braille display has many benefits i.e., compact size, low cost etc. Refreshable Braille display is an electro mechanical device which forms Braille charactersby raising pins through holes on flat surface. The raising of such pins is accomplished by complex and costly systems like solenoids or piezo-electric crystals or EAP (Electro Active Polimer). We developed the prototype of e-book reader, which is a low cost electro mechanical system aimed at assisting visually impaired to access the e-books. Many design concepts were proposed earlier and prototypes were built, and were tested successfully in thepast by using three simple rotating cubes. The main parameters like dot spacing, overall dimension, touching force and operating voltage obtained are discussed. Dot spacing 2.5 [mm] with reference to International standard has been maintained. Regarding overall dimension, the display unit is designed to have dimension of 120mm width to 150mm height adhering to NLS standard of Braille dot spacing, and the tactile surface will feature 13 lines with 14 characters per line. The touching force of 0.32N and operating voltage below 25 V was obtained and used. The Solenoid is used for positioning the faces of individual cubes, which can be arranged in different positions thereby forming all Braille characters. The high power consumption which remained the major head ache in solenoid electromagnetic actuator models was a major challenge we faced initially, which we overcame with our unique innovative design combining cubes that can rotate to form Braille dots and electromagnetic actuator which can be positioned at various places to run this cubes. So Keeping Occam's Razor Principle in mind, we went ahead to design a multicell/multi-line electronic refreshable Braille display as a technology demonstrator by using three simple rotating cubes.

5 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

042786   ALSAEED D (King Saud Univ, Saudi Arabia, Email: dalsaeed@ksu.edu.sa) : Design and implementation of social gathering management mobile application. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1755–63.

To propose a mobile application (Jam@), which means gathering in Arabic, to provide a solution to fill the gap in social and lifestyle applications for organizing events or gatherings, especially in Arabic. Jam@ (which means gatherings) was developed as an Android mobile application in Arabic. It was evaluated through different system and user acceptance tests. The results of the tests were promising, and the application has potential as a small entrepreneur project.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

042791   SALAHUDDIN S, MEHAR Q , KAZI H (Economics Dep, Government S. S. Arts & Science Coll, Hyderabad, Pakistan, Email: salahuddinpk@gmail.com) : Factors influencing transfer of training: Empirical evidence from public sector schools Hyderabad Pakistan. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1796–802.

The aim of this research is, to examine the factors of training design that influence transfer of teachers training to the classrooms, in education sector of Pakistan where education sector is in the state of crisis. For this research, primary data had been collected with the help of questionnaire; a sample of 500 trainee teachers was selected from public sector schools of Hyderabad Pakistan who attended the teachers training programs. Two variables of training design i.e. content validity and transfer design were analyzed using various statistical techniques like factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation and multiple regression. Statistical software SPSS ver.22 was used for this purpose. The transfer design found to be the strongest factor effecting transfer of training with beta value 0.558 followed by perceived content validity with beta value 0.127, both variables were found to have positive and significant impact on transfer of training. These two independent variables explained 41 % variance in regression model. Findings of this research revealed that the training design plays a vital role in training and may predict the training transfer significantly. Primary data has been collected for this research. The findings of this research will fill the gap in the literature of training transfer in the education sector. Outcomes of this study will pave way to the facilitation of the authorities of education sector as to, how teachers' training should be made useful by improving the components of training design.

1 illus, 2 table, 26 ref

042785   CHHAJRO M A, KHAN H, KHAN F , KUMAR K , WAGAN A A , SOLANGI S (Computer Science Dep, Sindh Madressatul Islam Univ, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: ameen.chhajro@smiu.edu.pk) : Handwritten Urdu character recognition via images using different machine learning and deep learning techniques. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1746–54.

This research presents a model for Urdu Handwritten Character Recognition via images using various Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques. The main objective of this research is to provide comparative study on Urdu Handwritten Characters from images dataset. In this research paper, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Concurrent Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Random Forest Algorithm (RF) have been implemented in order to evaluate most suitable technique for Urdu Handwritten Characters Recognition via images. Ample amount of research work has been carried out on English Language but it is clearly shown through the conducted literature review that very lesser amount of work has been done on Urdu Handwritten Characters Recognition using images. Furthermore, It has been analyzed from this research that CNN models are most efficient compared to RF, SVM and MLP as to produce reliable results in terms of optimal accuracy. Therefore, using the CNN model is a viable choice to recognize Urdu handwritten characters from the images. And proposed study provides significant contribution in automatic learning of Urdu handwritten Characters.

8 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

042784   GEORGE Y, SERGEEVNA B A (Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russian, Email: georgeyuvaraj2@gmail.com) : Feasibility study for an air ambulance in the Russian federation. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1730–7.

This study aims to evolve a complete set of specifications and requirements for a viable air ambulance to benefit several nations across the globe. This article tries to explore the possibilities of constructing an aircraft that can meet identified requirements based on emerging technologies and existing technologies in the fields of aeronautical engineering. The analysis is presented concerning the dynamic capabilities of the Russian aviation industry and the domestic needs of the Russian Federation to justify why the development of an air ambulance is feasible in Russian Federation. Design layouts of existing medical aircrafts are studied to identify constraints related to operations, manufacturing, finances, performance, safety, and other practical issues. This feasibility study studies the need for the development of air ambulance in the Russian Federation using PESTEL analysis. Based on the study, it is identified that the incidents in the existing air medical services have occurred not just because of the management and operational issues, dealing with several uncertain external factors but also due to the lack of some characteristics of the flight vehicles to operate in those conditions. These characteristics are identified and listed as requirements in this article. Two possible configuration layouts are identified and compared for their merits and demerits.

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

042783   SUPRIYA K E , RAO K R (Physics Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Ananthapuramu - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, Email: kanchiraghavendrarao@gmail.com) : IoT based real time water level monitoring using texas instruments' CC3200. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1720–9.

To monitor and control the water level in real time using IoT and cloud computing technologies to avoid the wastage of water in water storage tanks/sumps. The level of water in a tank is detected by using ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 which works on the principle similar to radar/sonar by converting electrical energy to acoustic waves and vice-versa and it is interfaced with CC3200 Launchpad, on-chip Wi-Fi microcontroller from Texas Instruments. Geotagging Technique is used to easily track the location of the water overflow. Ultrasonic sensor measures the distance and the microcontroller reads the data and uploads to the ThingSpeak cloud for real time monitoring and graphical representation. When the water reaches the reserve position and normally the motor will be switched off. Once the water attains a maximum level before overflow occurs. In case failure of the motor actuator (relay) it needs a physical switching of the motor. Such a scenario is tackled by sending an alert to the mobile using GSM SIM900A (Global System for Mobile communication Subscriber Identity Module) as such, failure of the actuator is taken care off. In this study, we have designed an IoT based water level indicator with minimum power consumption which can be used for Domestic applications.

10 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

042782   ALBLAIHI D K , JUMAIAH N B B , ALJAMEEL M S , ALAQEEL M A , ABUSALIH H H (Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email: habusalih1@gmail.com) : Impact of bariatric surgery on body image satisfaction among patients attending King Saud medical city. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1714–9.

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of bariatric surgery on body image among patients from King Saud medical city using unmatched case-control study among 94 pre-bariatric surgery and 94 post bariatric surgery, selected through systematic random sampling. Bariatric surgery improved body image during the first year, and post-surgery patients are 5 times likely to have positive body image than pre-operative (p < 0.01). There is a need for psychological care for preoperative patients, since number of patients from pre-bariatric surgery group shown symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Further research is needed regarding psycho-social factors that could have an impact on body image. This is an original research. Data was collected by body image questionnaire. Analysis was done using SPSS with significance level set at p < 0.05. t-test was used to compare the mean body image scores, higher the scores reflecting higher body image impairment. Verbal consent was taken from participants and the subjects' confidentiality is maintained by researchers.

24 tables, 24 ref

042781   OMPRAKASH S, RAVICHANDRAN M (Computer Science Dep, SRMV Coll of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: subramaniamomprakash@gmail.com) : Coronary artery disease prediction using hidden markov model based support vector machine. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1703–13.

Medical data classification has become a hot research domain in data mining, but still it faces the increased classification accuracy issues. Novel Hidden Markov Model based Support Vector Machine (HMM-SVM) is proposed to classify and predict Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The features are extracted using HMM, and normalized using SVM. Feature Extraction assist the classification algorithm to get better results. HMM-SVM performs classification by extracting the features of Z-AlizadehSani dataset and finally selects the appropriate feature to perform classification. Z-AlizadehSani dataset holds 303 records with 4 different types of features, which are demographic, symptom and examination, ECG, and laboratory cum echo. For extracting these features and finding hidden information there exists no common algorithm. In HMM-SVM, HMM is applied to extract features by finding the hidden and previous stage values, and SVM is applied to perform classification on extracted features. To analyze the performance of HMM-SVM benchmark performance metrics are utilized. Discriminative performance results of internal validations are high in the task of binary classification (i.e., sensitivity- 98.2 %; specificity-97.96 %). False Positive Rate of HMM-SVM is entirely low (i.e.,1.87 %) when comparing with previous algorithms. HMMSVM holds the classification accuracy as 98.02% and which is the better cum expected results towards the prediction of CAD. Detailed analysis indicates HMM-SVM have better effects towards classifying and predicting CAD. Furthermore, care needs to be placed in adhering to ethical principles while utilizing the models that are automated. Future studies should make use of bio-inspired concepts to get even better results. 

6 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

042777   SHAIKH M Z (Gujarat Industrial & Technical Consultancy Organization Ltd, Ahmedabad - 380 009, Email: mehzu2001@yahoo.co.in) : Performance evaluation of common hazardous waste incinerator for ship scraping waste. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(16), 1668–75.

Hazardous waste incineration is one of the proven technologies for complete destruction of hazardous wastes. These facilities, when designed and operated properly are capable of destroying the hazardous organic components in waste along with PCBs. If these facilities are designed and not operated efficiently, could act as a significant source of such hazardous substances to the environment. Common hazardous waste incineration facilities are designed based on assumptions regarding the availability of quantity and quality (characteristics) of waste. The actual operating waste recipe and performance may differ considerably than the designed. So performance evaluation on actual operating data becomes necessary to check the operational efficiencies and levels of pollutants emitted into the environment. This implies the need for system analysis and solutions by independent assessment procedure. This study focused on the baseline performance evaluation of common hazardous waste incineration facility based on actual plant operating data located in India for Ship Scraping Waste. Inspection, monitoring and analysis were carried out to characterize all feed and effluent stream. Heat and mass balance were developed and actual operating efficiencies were evaluated. The results show that temperature and detention time achieved in the secondary chamber were 1150 ^◦ C and 2.6 sec respectively, which are above the statutory requirement of 1100 + 50 and 2 seconds. The LOI in Ash was 2.5 %. The flue gas composition indicates 6.12 % Oxygen and 10.20 % Carbon Dioxide levels, a good combustion efficiency and ensures sufficient amount of air needed for complete combustion. Flue gas analysis indicates PM, SO², NOx, HCl levels were well below permissible limits and absence of Dioxins and Furans. Destruction efficiency achieved for PM and HCl are 99.53 % and 95.62 % respectively to meet the statutory norms. Thus, from the study and analysis of results, it is inferred that the common HW Incinerator in the study is operated systematically and efficiently on actual plant operating conditions and meeting all the requirements of Central Pollution control board of India. The research findings will act as benchmarking for optimal plant operational practices for quality of incineration for ship scraping waste.

1 illus, 8 tables, 11 ref

042775   NITHYANANDH S, JAIGANESH V (Computer Science Dep, Dr.NGP Arts and Science Coll, Coimbatore - 641 035, Tamil Nadu, Email: nknithu1@gmail.com) : Quality of service enabled intelligent water drop algorithm based routing protocol for dynamic link failure detection in wireless sensor network. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(16), 1641–7.

To propose a better routing protocol method to increase the lifespan of the network and to make the sensed data to reach from source to destination without any data loss. This study proposes a routing protocol inspired by nature namely, Quality of Service enabled Intelligent Water Drop Algorithm based Routing Protocol to detect link failures and provide efficient routing. Comparison has been made with baseline protocols to check its effectiveness and found that the proposed protocol has better performance than the baseline protocols. This research work enhances and adopts the intelligent water drop algorithm with the properties of velocity of water drops and water drops carrying level of soil for finding the better stable route for communication and detecting the link failures dynamically. The results determine that the proposed routing protocol is able to perform better than existing protocols and methods in terms of Energy Depletion rate, Survivability of nodes during transmission, delivering the packets from one end to another end, delay, failure tolerance and increase in Network Lifespan.

6 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

042772   VIMALA R, MARIMUTHU A , VENKATESWARAN S , POONGODI R (Computer Science Dep, Government Arts Coll for Women, Salem, Email: vimalagovtarts@gmail.com) : Unsupervised ISODATA algorithm classification used in the landsat image for predicting the expansion of Salem urban, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(15), 1619–29.

To study the land cover change Salem city as a case study of urban expansion in India covering the span of 35 years from 1990 to 2025. Remote sensing methodology is adopted to study the geographical land use changes occurred during the study period (year 1990- 2025). Landsat images of TM and ETM+ of Salem city area are collected from the USGS Earth Explorer website. After image pre-processing, unsupervised image classification has been performed to classify the images into different land use categories. Seven land use classes have been identified as road, urban (Build up), vegetation, water bodies, fallow land, mines and barren land. Classification accuracy is also estimated using the field knowledge obtained from field surveys. The obtained accuracy is between 83 to 86 % of all the classes. Change detection analysis shows the built-up area has been increased by 1.49 km² , vegetation area has been decreased by 11.55km² . Information on Urban growth, land use and land cover change study is very useful to local Government and Urban Planners for the betterment of the future plans of sustainable development of the city.

6 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

042771   DIN B M U, DIN R M U, SHAFQAT M , TABASSUM Y , ALI S (Sports Sciences and Physical Education Dep, Government Emerson Coll Multan, Pakistan, Email: badarmohyuddin@gmail.com) : A performance analysis about running sequence on male and female 60m hurdles. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(15), 1607–11.

The purpose of this study is to examine the running sequence of men and women, 60m (H) athletes World indoor athletics championship, Portland 2016. Sample of study was selected including eight finalist men (n=8) hurdlers and eight finalist women(n=8) hurdlers of this championship (M. age =26.0 years, SD = 2.45years), M. height = 185cm,SD=4.75cm), M. weight = 80.5kg, SD = 5.29kg) & women (M. age =27.7years, SD = 4.13 years), M. height = 168cm, SD = 3.97cm), M. Weight = 60.1kg, SD = 3.48kg). The researcher did performance analysis through video races of 60m (H), analyzing five variables; approach run phase & Intermediate timing, the hurdle unit phase, run in timing and hurdle clearance timing. The results of independent t.test revealed that men (n=8) hurdler had significant difference (p-value < 0.01) on Approach Run Phase than women and men had significant difference (p-value < 0.01) of hurdle unit phase HUP1, HUP2, HUP3 than women. The results also indicated that men had significant difference (p-value < 0.01) less time in Runin than women. Hurdler clearance results revealed that women had significant difference (p-value < 0.01) cross hurdle in less time than men.

3 tables, 20 ref

042767   ABBAS I, IQBAL H , AHMAD M , NAVEED A, QUDOOS B (Computer Science Dep, Minhaj Univ Lahore, Hamdard Road, Pakistan, Email: abbasirfan440@gmail.com) : Comparative study of technologies and intelligent train ticketing system. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(15), 1570–9.

To compare the services and technologies of automatic train ticketing systems. The Internet of Things (IoT), Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID), Quick Response Code (QR Code) and Near Field Communication (NFC) are used for automatic ticketing in the trains as well as in buses. A comparison of different machines is also done that are used for tickets-generation, ticket checking, punching machines like QR scanner, BT Services, RFID. Results are compared with manually checking (by the person) for the validity of the ticket. After the comparison of different technologies and services to find the advantages and disadvantages of each in terms of time and cost, a new method/ technology is introduced for local train ticketing system that is better and more robust than previously used technologies and services.

4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

042766   ABBAS I, AHMAD M , SARFRAZ H S , NADEEM M , SUBHAN R (Computer Science Dep, Minhaj Univ, Lahore, Hamdard Road, Pakistan, Email: abbasirfan440@gmail.com) : Efficient and robust security implementation in a smart home using the internet of things. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(15), 1563–9.

Internet of Things (IoT) is considered as a new paradigm in a computing environment. The devices connected to the internet perform different functionalities. The objective of this paper is to present a model that consists of devices having different sensing capabilities. The system would use ``Wi-Fi scanner'', ``Heat sensor'', "Motion sensor" etc. for sensing the movement of different physical objects to implement security in the smart home. The system based on our presented model has capabilities to replace the faulty devices in order to improve the efficiency and robustness for the implementation of security in smart homes. 

2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

042764   SALAMA M A, SALAMA M H M (Jouf Univ, Sakaka, KSA, Email: masalama@ju.edu.sa) : Environmental impact assessment and statistical analysis of natural radioactivity and heavy metals of tap water in eastern nile delta area, Egypt. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(15), 1546–54.

The present work was designed to determine radionuclide and heavy metal concentrations in tap water of the eastern Nile Delta and to investigate its validity for human consumption. Thirteen samples of tap water were collected from Dakahlia governorate and analyzed for selected chemical and radionuclide constituents. The concentrations of heavy metals (iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu)) and radionuclides (232Th, 40K and 226Ra) were determined. Determination of heavy metal concentration was carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICPAES). Whilst, the radionuclide measurements were conducted using Hyper Pure Germanium Detector (HPGe) Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Results of this work indicated that Dakahlia tap water is slightly alkaline to alkaline water, with low salinity ranging from 233 ppm to 323.7 ppm. The heavy metal concentrations in tap water are below the permissible level for drinking. However, an anomaly of Co content (0.015 ppm) is detected in Aga site. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between every couple of sampling sites, but the correlation of Aga site with the rest of the sites was weak. Also, weak correlations among the heavy metals contents were detected. The maximum activity concentrations were 1.0 Bq/l, 0.9 Bq/l, and 2.6 Bq/l for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and 40K, respectively. Such values are less than the international limits recommended for water consumption. Multivariate statistical ways were also used to define the existing correlation between radionuclides and radiological health risk parameters and to pinpoint the maximum contribution of radionuclide in radioactivity. A strong correlation between every couple of sampling sites is existed, however, the correlation of Aga site with the other sites was weak. The estimated values of risk indices were below the international recommended levels.Accordingly, the tap water of Dakahlia governorate is considered safe for human consumption except for Aga site. The exceptional water should be infiltrated before consumption to remove the excess of Cr content. The outcome of this research may be advantageous to t3.3he water database of Dakahlia governorate.

3 illus, 7 tables, 28 ref

042763   SOOMRO H J , KHASKHELI G K , JUMANI A K, SHAR A H (ILMA Univ, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: awaisjumani@yahoo.com) : Intervening analysis of internet marketing between the relationship of brand awareness and online purchase decision of mobile products among the students of Heis in Pakistan. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(15), 1535–45.

This study has investigated the role of internet marketing to build brand awareness which definitely leads a quick purchase decision. The main objective of the study was to investigate the components of brand awareness which directly cannot be cause of purchase decision for the mobile products but the use of internet marketing specifically social media advertising will be helpful in improving the brand awareness which increases the chances of purchase decision. The study is quantitative and based on the philosophy of positivism because of the large population and its quantitative nature. Population includes all android mobile users of district Khairpur who uses the social media. Population was unknown so the Roscoe (1975) sampling techniques have used to select sample for the study and according to that, sample become three hundred and fifty. By using convenient sampling method, respondents are selected from the 3 universities of district Khairpur and primary mode of data collection has used to obtain responses on the five point's Likert-scale randomly. Data was analyzed and interpreted through a robust technique SEM, performed in AMOS 22 version in which CFA and path analysis has done. According to study's interpretation results it is concluded that brand awareness has positive and significant impact on the online purchase decision of mobile products and internet marketing partially mediates the relation between Awareness and online purchase decision of mobile product.

6 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

042762   SATHYAPRIYA S , ANITHA D (Computer Science Dep, Sri Ramakrishna Arts and Science Coll for women, Tamil Nadu - 641 044, Email: anithasuresh2003@gmail.com) : Dynamic mutation based glowworm swarm optimization with long short-term memory approaches for thyroid nodule classification. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(14), 1523–34.

To design an efficient approach for thyroid nodule classification with higher true positive rate. The proposed system designed as a Dynamic Mutation based Glowworm Swarm Optimization with Long-Short Term Memory (DMGSO with LSTM) scheme for thyroid nodule classification. In this proposed research work, input thyroid images are preprocessed by using Dynamically Weighted Median Filter (DWMF). The preprocessed images are segmented with the help of Region based Active Contour scheme. An Improved Local Binary Pattern (ILBP), Grey Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features are extracted from segmented image. Then the optimal features are selected by using Dynamic Mutation based Glowworm Swarm Optimization (DMGSO) algorithm. Finally, the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) scheme is utilized for classifying the thyroid nodule. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves better performance compared with the existing system in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure.

12 illus, 13 ref

042761   MOGHIMI S M, DASHTI R, BOSTANI A (R & D Research Scientist, Montreal, QC, Canada, Email: morteza.moghimi@microwavesoft.com) : Studying the challenges and obstacles of the privatization of electricity distribution companies. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(14), 1512–22.

In the past couple of decades, several counties all around the globe, decided to conduct some reforms in the way that they manage the electrical power in their countries. Even in Middle East countries like Iran have taken the path to intensively privatize their power distribution and pass it over to the non-governmental sector paving way for security, social and economic threats. For this purpose, lack of proper and optimal management results in distribution companies and the government having to explain its threats so that sovereignty could eliminate the threats or reduce their effects. This study discusses the problems of restructuring the electric power sectors and its defects in Iran distribution companies. This paper discusses the problems of re-structuring the electrical power sectors and its defects in the distribution companies. Furthermore, this paper investigates the threats facing the privatization of electricity distribution companies. The threat of monopolization is also analysed in a separate section. Data source gathering is done during 2014-2016. Establishment of formal and legal framework in this regard is provided in such a way that the interests of all stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, subscribers, and government are provided. Establishment of formal and legal framework in this regard is provided in such a way that the interests of all stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, subscribers, and government are provided. Also, establishment of proper implementation of the privatization of electricity distribution companies in Iran.

2 illus, 22 ref

042759   SAHU D, PANDA N R (Centurion Univ of Technology and Management, Odisha, Email: dojalisa.sahu@cutm.ac.in) : Synthesis of cerium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles by aqueous precipitation method and study on the structural and optical properties. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(14), 1480–5.

To understand the effect of impurity element doping; especially rare earth (Ce) ions on structural and optical properties of ZnO. Coprecipitation method is used to prepare nanoparticles of pristine ZnO and ZnO doped with cerium. This method is found to be very useful in preparing nanoparticles of very low size. The property of the samples is studied by different characterization techniques such as Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. XRD studies reveal the crystallographic data which tells that the prepared ZnO is of hexagonal wurtzite phase with size of 35 nm. Crystallite size and unit cell volume increase with cerium doping. FESEM study shows the formation of nanoparticles. FTIR study shows the position of different stretching and bending modes present in the sample. It confirms the position of metal-oxygen bond. Photoluminescence and UV-VIS spectra show the interesting optical properties of Ce-ZnO. The PL spectra show the presence of UV excitonic emission and visible defect emissions along with emissions due to dopant. Upon Ce doping, ZnO shows a new peak around 645 nm ascribed to the transition related to dopant level. Enhancement in emission in visible-red region of ZnO with Ce doping will be useful in preparation of LED.

5 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

042756   ALMAZMOMI N K, ALHASSAN I (Management Information Systems Dep, Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Email: nalmazmomi@uj.edu.sa) : Usability of online courses registration systems: Empirical study from Saudi Arabia on ODUS plus. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(14), 1493–504.

The usability assessment of the system reflects the degree of user satisfaction. Since the eighth decade of the last century, many models and studies dealt with this subject. This study focuses on the usability of Online Courses Registration Systems (OCRS) and proposes a model for measuring their usability. The proposed model is prepared based on six criteria and 21 questions. This model is used to evaluate one of the OCRS (called ODUS Plus) used by students for registration of their courses at the University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 370 students participated in the experimentation. The result shows that the level of student satisfaction is just below the importance of the system.

4 illus, 9 tables, 38 ref

042755   ALBADRI H, BADAWOOD A (Jeddah Univ, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: halbadri@uj.edu.sa) : Based model: Using knowledge management to enhance information technology training outcomes among markets requirements. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(14), 1486–92.

The present research paper considers the use of knowledge management (KM) to enhance Information Technology training outcomes based on markets requirements, with particular focus on Gulf region. Two key research questions would be answered in the paper, they are: what are the findings of the previous studies on role of knowledge management in supporting successful training outcomes, especially in Gulf region? What model, based on knowledge management concepts, can be used to enhance Information Technology training outcomes particularly in the Gulf region? To draw conclusions, a critical analysis was performed through comparing and contrasting the findings from observations of previous research and the scarce secondary data contained within the scientific sources. To ensure that KM is distributed in the Gulf countries rather than being centralized in certain organizations, a distributed model of knowledge management is proposed. This is based on a realization that different kinds of knowledge bear different KM implications. The model encompasses best practices for knowledge creation, for knowledge sharing and for knowledge retrieval, which most of the reviewed studies identified as being important for enhancing Information Technology training outcomes in the Gulf region.

1 illus, 29 ref

042752   REKHA J U, CHATRAPATI K S (JNTUH Coll of Engineering Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: ujwala_rekha@jntuh.ac.in) : Competitive equilibrium based personal data market model. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(13), 1450–7.

In a digital economy, with the increasing commercial value, personal data is viewed as a commodity to be bought and sold. Data owners expect an appropriate compensation for trading off their privacy depending on how they value their privacy. Simultaneously, data consumers want to maximize their utility which is dependent on the value derived from the data. Consequently, a data market model that optimally recompenses data owners and maximizes the profits of data consumers is required. In this study, a data market model and pricing mechanism based on Fisher market model and competitive equilibrium are presented where the value derived from the data is calculated from information entropy. The proposed data model and the pricing mechanism jointly and simultaneously maximize the profit of data owners and the utility of data buyers. Experiments are conducted on adult data set to validate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Data owners are classified as risk averse, risk neutral, risk taking and privacy regarders. Subsequently, prices of data samples are adjusted to reach equilibrium as defined by the Fisher market model maximizing simultaneously and jointly the profit of data owners and the utility of data buyers. The proposed competitive equilibrium based personal data market model can be used to find equilibrium prices and bundles of data samples for each data buyer at these prices maximizing the utility of data buyer subject to his budgetary constraints and data requirements, and data owners' privacy preferences.

6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

042751   PANHWAR M A, KHUHRO S A , MAZHAR T , LIANG D Z , BILAL M-E-A, QADIR N (Beijing Univ of Posts and Telecommunications, China, Email: maamirpanhwar@hotmail.com) : Virtual machine optimization to achieve energy efficient optimum resource utilization in cloud data center. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(13), 1423–34.

Cloud offers multiple benefits through its data center-based services. The whole world uses these services that are hosted by physical machines. Millions of virtual machines get an optimized utilization of hardware to utilize these physical machines. The unbalanced distribution of virtual machines to physical machines offers an in-efficient utilization of data center hardware that will also lead to more carbon emission and harm the environment as well. A learning function is needed to offer energy efficiency in the cloud data center through VM optimization through its optimal allocation to physical machines. Therefore, an optimal VM placement and migration algorithm is a challenge that is addressed in this paper to reach an efficient energy optimization and resource utilization level. The proposed algorithm is led by a learning function that takes into account the available number of physical machines, number of virtual machines, incoming requests and decides to run an optimal number of physical machines to obtain energy efficiency level for the cloud data center by migrating the virtual machines (VMs).

3 illus, 22 ref

042749   QUANG H T, LAN T T , HAI T T H, YEN P T H , VAN T Q K , TUNG H T , BINH M N , SON N K H , LINH N Q, TRAM N D Q (Agriculture and Forestry Univ, Hue, 530000, Vietnam, Email: ndqtram@hueuni.edu.vn) : Genetic diversity and toxic genes analysis of Vibrio spp. isolated from white leg shrimp and marine fishes cultured in Tam G iang lagoon in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(13), 1412–22.

This study was done to report the results of genetic diversity and toxic genes analysis of Vibrio pathogen isolated from white leg shrimp and marine fishes cultured in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Pathogen Vibrio spp. were isolated from shrimps and fishes, and were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The presence of toxin genes in Vibrio spp. strains were determined through the presence of genes encoding toxic proteins (pirAvp, pirBvp, tlh, tdh and trh) based on specific primers for these genes. Genetic diversity of Vibrio strains was analysed by RAPD technique. A total of 120 Vibrio colonies from shrimps (with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease) and fishes (with hemorrhagic disease) cultured in Tam Giang lagoon in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam were isolated. Of which, 14/54 strains from shrimps had pirAvp and pirBvp genes and 18/66 strains from fishes had tlh gene, and none of Vibrio strains had tdh and trh genes. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 36 Vibrio samples showed the 148 polymorphic DNA fragments from ten random primers. The genetic diversity is high within studied species. In there, V. parahaemolyticus has the highest diversity level (h=0.1645 and I=0.2695) while V. shilonii is lowest (h=0.0136) and I=0.0207). The degree of genetic differentiation among species is also high (Gst=0.4827). Genetic identity between V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus (0.9545) is highest while between V. shilonii and V. harveyi (0.7416) is lowest. The dendrogram also showed that V. parahaemolyticus is closely related to V. vulnificus whereas V. shilonii and V. harveyi have large distance. This study is aimed to provide scientific data as the basis for the study and production of rapid diagnostic kits in the future.

5 illus, 8 tables, 19 ref

042748   KUMAR K , WAGAN A A, KHUHRO M A , UMRANI A , CHHAJRO A , HAFEEZ A , LAGHARI A A (Computer Science Dep, Sindh Madressatul Islam Univ, Karachi, Email: asif.wagan@smiu.edu.pk) : Texture based FACE recognition using GLCM and LBP schemes. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(13), 1401–11.

Automatic face recognition has been an important area of biometric authentication and verification system in various applications including crime detection, access control, video surveillance, tracking service and other related area. In this study, we present Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) over Local Binary Patterns (LBP) named as GOL texture feature technique for face classification. The experiments have been conducted on AT & T Cambridge Laboratory face images also called (ORL-faces) and Georgia Tech (GT-faces) databases respectively. We performed comparative analysis of GLCM and LBP method separately and results showed that proposed GOL method outperformed in terms of average sensitivity, average specificity, and retrieval time. These findings show efficacy of our proposed system.

17 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

042747   KEHAR A, ARAIN R H , SHAIKH R A (Computer Science Dep, Shah Abdul Latif Univ, Khairpur, Pakistan, Email: asad.kehar@salu.edu.pk) : Deciphering complex text-based CAPTCHAs with deep learning. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(13), 1390–400.

CAPTCHA is a mechanism to distinguish humans from bots. It has become standard means of protection from the misuse of resources on World Wide Web. Different types of CAPTCHAs are implemented but text-based schemes are the most widely used due to its easiness and robustness. A user is asked to type in the text from an image. The image is intentionally distorted to dodge the bots. Recognizing the text is easy for humans but very hard for computers. In this work, a text-based CAPTCHA scheme with background clutter and partially connected characters is decoded. The main steps consist on preprocessing, segmentation and recognition. Several digital image processing techniques were applied during preprocessing, segmentation steps and convolutional neural network (CNN) was used for recognition process. Since massive data is required for CNN therefore data was generated synthetically. A complex text-based CAPTCHA scheme with varying number of letters: 3, 4 and 5 letters is decoded with the overall precision of 77.5 %, 64.2 % and 51.9 % respectively.

13 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

042745   SUPRO I A, MAHAR J A, MAHAR S A (Computer Science Dep, Shah Abdul Latif Univ, Sindh, Khairpur, Pakistan, Email: inamsupro@yahoo.com) : Rice yield prediction and optimization using association rules and neural network methods to enhance agribusiness. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(13), 1367–79.

This study aims to implement data analytics and machine learning approaches to rice data and to establish association rules on fixed attributes and their correlations for yield prediction of crops. The data of rice crop is collected from district Larkana as per defined parameters: area, production, yield, temperature, rainfall, humidity and wind speed. The pre-processing operations are applied on prepared dataset to execute data analytics and machine learning algorithms. The processed data are then input into an Apriori algorithm for generating association rules. Neural network model is used to perform optimization on resulted association rules. Minimum support and confidence values equal to 3 and 80 respectively were set using Apriori algorithm on prepared rice dataset and obtained 88 association rules. Among them, results of 28 associated rules predicted `High Yield Production'. Neural network model is experimented to optimize the predicted yield of district Larkana through which overall network performance of 97.8 % is calculated. Previously, rice yield data of Larkana were not statistically and digitally predicted and investigated. Group of effective and well-built association rules of yield prediction are core outcome of this study which will be helpful for researchers, farmers and government officials to improve the productivity of rice crop.

9 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref

042744   TUPAS F P (Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State Coll, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines, Email: fernantupas@yahoo.com) : Up close and personal: An expedition to the last frontier of Sara, Western Philippines. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(12), 1380–9.

This study aims to document flora and fauna found in Sampunong Bolo Wild Sanctuary at the Municipality of Sara, Iloilo, Philippines. The results provide basis for further study, as well as, creating policy and ordinances to protect and preserve the sanctuary. This study used narrative inquiry. The different methods employed are photo-elicitation, ethnographic research, automated micro-targeting, interview, and document analysis. The informants were purposively selected from Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office of Municipality of Sara, personnel from Community Environment and Natural Resources Office located at San Dionisio, Iloilo, and Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Regional Office VI, former forest rangers, barangay officials and local environmentalists. The responses revealed that indeed the place has a highly diverse forest ecosystem but not documented. Two migrating types of birds found roosting in the habitat but because of human intervention such as hunting and gun shooting to disturb the herons. These migrating birds feed on fishes from neighboring fishponds. The abundance of fruit bats leads to the increase prevalence of fruit-bearing trees because of seed dispersal by them. Also, colorful butterflies, local birds, snakes, and camouflage geckos were observed. Furthermore, there were 13 major species of plants in the sanctuary but human activities like `kaingin,' as well as for the construction of houses caused deforestation. Besides, the sanctuary is the source of portable water in the municipality. The local government together with the national government should find ways to help protect the sanctuary by creating policies and ordinances. Politically, the interest among local officials must be enhanced, and education campaigns about the importance of local biodiversity must be organized.

2 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

042742   ADENUGA K I, IAHAD N A , MISKON S (Farnborough Coll of Technology, Farnborough, United Kingdom, Email: kayodeadenuga@yahoo.ca) : Telemedicine system: Service adoption and implementation issues in Nigeria. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(12), 1321–7.

The study seeks to understand why there is a wide gap in the telemedicine service implementation and adoption in Nigeria, the existing evidence shows that less than 5 % of such hospital information systems has been utilized in a country of more than 180 million people. We applied in-depth semi-structured interviews approach such that the opinions of clinicians were sampled at two government hospitals in Nigeria to identify other principal users' attributes affecting telemedicine implementation adoption from clinicians' perspectives. The combination of the factors from literature and thematic analysis led to the formulation of telemedicine service adoption framework that highlights telemedicine implementation issues. The outcome of the study led to the establishment of a telemedicine implementation framework and recommendations for a feasible and sustainable telemedicine service adoption for clinicians in Nigeria.

2 illus, 22 ref

042741   HUMAYUN M (Information Systems Dep, Jouf Univ, AL-Jouf, Saudi Arabia, Email: mahumayun@ju.edu.sa) : Blockchain-Based secure framework for e-learning during COVID-19. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(12), 1328–41.

Tremendous growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have positively affected the field of E-Learning (EL). However, recently the education mode is shifted from the traditional classroom towards EL due to widespread COVID-19. The selection of suitable EL tool and security of EL data and environment are still the key challenges that need to be addressed. The objective of this paper is to guide the EL Practitioners in the selection of suitable EL tool and to provide a detailed framework for maintaining privacy and security of EL data and environment. This study aims to help EL practitioners in the selection of suitable EL tool and to provide a secure framework for the security of EL data and environment. Realtime statistics are gathered and analyzed to visualize the impact of COVID-19 on education around the world. The increasing demand for EL during COVID-19 is analyzed, and a detailed taxonomy is provided to make the EL practitioners aware of existing distance learning solutions. A comparison of commonly used EL tools is provided that will help in the selection of EL tools according to institutional requirements. A Blockchain-based EL framework is proposed that will help EL designer in managing the security of EL data and environment. The proposed framework is expected to provide a promising solution for developing a fair and open learning online education environment and will overcome the deficiencies caused by school closures during COVID-19.

13 illus, 1 table, 59 ref

042737   NGUYEN Q V , VU A-T (Hanoi Univ of Science and Technology, Vietnam, Email: tuan.vuanh@hust.edu.vn) : Determination of trace Cadmium in water and fish species from estuaries in Tien Hai, Thai Binh, Vietnam By GF-AAS. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(12), 1300–9.

This study aims to determine the trace cadmium in water and fish species from estuaries in Tien Hai, Thai Binh province, Vietnam by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). The optimal conditions has been investigated by studying the effects of analysis parameters such as spectral line, current of cathode lamp, slit width, furnace temperature, acid concentration and subtracted solution on absorbance. The validation method was evaluated by linear range, accuracy, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery (Re), and determination of trace cadmium in water and fish species. The results showed that the spectral line of 228.3 nm, current of cathode lamp of 4 mA, slit width of 0.5 nm, furnace temperature of 1800 ^◦C, HNO₃ concentration of 1 %, CH₃COONH₄ concentration of 1 % were optimal conditions for determination of cadmium. At these conditions, the analytical procedure exhibited the high accuracy and repeatability. The linear range of cadmium was 0-4 ppb. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.0058 and 0.019 ppb, respectively. Determination of the trace cadmium in the water and fish samples was done by the development of analytical procedure. It was applied to determine the water and fish species from Ba Lat and Lan estuaries in Tien Hai, Thai Binh, Vietnam.

2 illus, 14 tables, 18 ref

042736   ASLAM S, HAYAT N , ALI A (Central Punjab Univ, Lahore - 54000, Pakistan, Email: shahbaz_vu@yahoo.com1) : Hybrid warfare and social media: Need and scope of digital literacy. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(12), 1293–9.

With the advent of communication technologies and emergence of web 2.0, the dynamics of war are also shifting from traditional warfare to information warfare. Therefore, the role of modern information and communication technologies is very important to study in the context of hybrid warfare where social media is being used as an effective weapon. This study aimed to highlight the problems and need of information literacy among the social media users of Pakistan. Conceptually, the study will take roots from hybrid war literature and digital literacy. Methodologically, a survey from the social media users of Pakistan has been carried out for this study. As part of the study, development of a Hybrid War Awareness and Digital Literacy Scales to understand, detect and respond to the hybrid threats was done. Population of the study were the university students of Punjab in Pakistan. Purposively selection of 300 respondents (Male=164, Female=136) from three universities of Punjab: University of the Punjab, Lahore (N=106), University of Gujrat, Gujrat (N=122) and University of Sialkot, Sialkot (N=72). Students were included from BS programs (N=168), Master programs (N=102), and M.Phil. /Ph.D. Programs (N=30). Data was collected with the help of questionnaires. The study indicates that university students are being exposed to propaganda messages. The study reveals that university students are active in functional use of social media. Therefore, this alarming situation demands the enhancement of digital media skills among the students of higher education through proper training and learning. Moreover, critical and creative abilities of students are less as compared to the functional abilities of students in consuming social media or internet. Critical and creative abilities are to be enhanced for countering compete the hybrid warfare on social media.

6 tables, 18 ref

042735   MASOOD T, MEHRAJ J, GURIRO S , SHAIKH M A (Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, Email: jaishrimehraj@gmail.com) : Factors affecting full immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in urban and rural areas of Sindh. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1283–92.

Child mortality is still high in developing countries due to low vaccination coverage and outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the status of vaccination coverage and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in urban and rural parts of Sindh, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural and urban settings of Sindh, Pakistan. Following the WHO guidelines, a 30 cluster household survey was conducted and 300 children were recruited for each study setting from Lyari, Karachi and Umerkot areas of Sindh province from Feb – Mar 2017. Information was obtained from consenting parents by trained interviewers through a pre-tested questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the vaccination. Overall 600 children from both settings were included in the analysis. A total of 62.8 % children were vaccinated. About 80.3 % children were fully vaccinated in Lyari in comparison to 45.3 % in Umerkot. The logistic regression analysis factors associated with vaccination were: parent`s awareness of vaccination (AOR: 9.77; 95 %CI: 1.76 – 54.28), knowledge about vaccination place (AOR: 2.51; 95 % CI: 1.19 – 5.26) and mother's tetanus vaccination status (one dose AOR: 4.27; 95 % CI: 1.84 – 9.93 and two doses AOR: 12.43; 95 % CI: 7.71 – 20.04). In the urban setting, vaccination coverage was better than compared to rural settings. Parent's knowledge about vaccination and vaccination centers were identified as the statistically significant determinants of vaccination among children aged 12-23 months.

1 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

042734   REKHA J U, CHATRAPATI K S (JNTUH Coll of Engineering Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: ujwala_rekha@jntuh.ac.in) : Probabilistic multiple correlation based term weighting scheme for measuring similarity of unstructured text records. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1276–82.

In this study, a term weighting scheme derived from probabilistic multiple correlation is defined for measuring similarity between unstructured text records. While the intra-correlation is the correlation of terms in the same record, inter-correlation is the correlation of terms that exist in different records. Probabilistic multiple correlation based term weighting calculates the weight or relevance of a term by considering its intracorrelation with one or more terms simultaneously. Subsequently, the term weights are used in measuring the inter-correlation of terms and then the similarity between two text records. The experiments are run on unstructured text records that are incomplete and employ abbreviations. There is significant improvement in precision, recall and f-score using probabilistic multiple correlation based term weighting scheme when compared with probabilistic simple correlation weighting scheme. Using probabilistic multiple correlation based term weighting scheme can improve the overall accuracy in matching unstructured text records that contain abbreviations and incomplete data.

2 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

042733   REKHA J U (JNTUH Coll of Engineering Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: ujwala_rekha@jntuh.ac.in) : Instant fuzzy search using probabilistic-correlation based ranking. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1270–75.

Instant search recommends completions of the query `on the fly', and instantly displays the results with every keystroke. It is desirable that these query results be robust against typographical errors that appear not only in the query but also in the documents. Additionally, instant search requires instant response time and ranking of the results to focus on the most important answers. In this study, simple and efficient methods for instant fuzzy single keyword and multi-keyword search that are resilient to typographical errors and that employ no more than inverted and forward indices are studied. While computing search results incrementally using the cached results, the answers are ranked based on their relevance to the query using probabilistic correlation based ranking. Experiments are conducted on data sets DBLP and Medline and the execution time for obtaining answers to instant fuzzy single keyword search is recorded for different prefix lengths. Similarly, the execution time for obtaining answers to instant fuzzy multi-keyword search is recorded for sub-queries of two keywords and three keywords for various prefix lengths on the same data set. Furthermore, in order to measure the usefulness of the proposed correlation based ranking, precision is calculated for the search results. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of the instant fuzzy search algorithms and the probabilistic correlation based ranking. The proposed instant fuzzy keyword search for single and multiple keywords not only improves the efficiency but also the quality of the search results.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

042732   VAGHELA P, JARULLAH B (Shri M.M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Email: pjvaghela999@gmail.com) : Prevalence of comorbid conditions in rheumatoid arthritic patients diagnosed at a rheumatology clinic at a tertiary care hospital of western India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1265–9.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto immune disease affecting 1 % of the world's population causing permanent deformation of the affected joint. The objective is to study the prevalence of different comorbidities found amongst the RA patients frequenting the rheumatology clinic at a tertiary care hospital of western India. The study was carried amongst the RA patients frequenting the rheumatology outpatient clinic between the years January 2012 till December 2014. A Total of 6,158 patients of Rheumatoid arthritis were studied. All the patients were diagnosed based on the 2010 ACR standard classification criteria with their consent. Out of 6,158 patients surveyed, the disease was found to be more common in females (66.79 %) than males (33.21 %) making the ratio approximately 2:1. Comorbid conditions were associated with 34.33 % of rheumatoid arthritis patients. The most frequent comorbid condition was found to be thyroid dysfunction with 16.68 % patient population affected. Frequency of RA females (65.53 %) was higher as compared to RA males (34.47 %). Hypertension was the second most co prevalent disorder which was found in 12.34 % of the patient population. Osteoporosis (3.33 %), Soft tissue rheumatism (2.55 %) and Systemic Lupus Erythematous (0.86 %) were also found in few of the RA patients. An in depth understanding of the frequency of prevalence of the different comorbid conditions to the rheumatoid arthritis patients will in future assure prompt and timely treatment for various diseases.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

042731   JUNEJO I, KAZI A S , SOOMRO M , SIDDIQUE M , JUMAN S N , SHAIKH S H (Management Sciences Dep, SZABIST, Hyderabad - 71000, Pakistan, Email: ikramuddin8022@yahoo.com) : Website content and consumer buying behavior: The mediating role of electronic word-of-mouth. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1259–64.

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of Electronic word-of-mouth (EWM) between Website Content (WC) and Consumer Buying Behavior (CBB). The working people may differ in their behavior due to time constraints and prefer to buy goods and services online. Primary data was collected with the help of adopted questionnaires from working men and working women from Hyderabad, Pakistan. The total number of respondents was 200 and for the hypothesis testing, various statistical tests were applied such as Reliability Test, Factor Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling in SPSS and AMOS. The present study, confirmed the partial mediation of EWM between WC and CBB. This study suggested that marketing companies of Hyderabad, Pakistan should focus on EWM along with WC for better market share in the future.

1 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

042729   TUPAS F P, MATSUURA T (Japan Hokkaido Univ of Education, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, Email: fernantupas@yahoo.com) : Integrating arts in the basic science curriculum: in the context of local marine resources in the visayan sea. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1248–58.

The research aims to create visual aids from recycled materials in the context of marine resources in science pedagogy in the K 12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines. The researchers identified various local resources in the area and created visual aids. The purposively selected 21 science experts in Northern Iloilo evaluated the finished product using a checklist. They were interviewed and their feedback was analyzed. Determination of the lessons to which the visual aids can be integrated was done. The percentage in the checklist was determined, and visual aids were ranked based on the output. The most abundant marine resources in the area are mangrove, fishes, corals, and sea grasses because it is located within the vicinity of the Visayan Sea. The finished output were called `Mangrovy Kind of Love', `Fish Bowl', `Corals: Bleaching No More', and `Grasses on the Sea'. The four outputs were original but experts in marine resources were consulted to determine the exact parts and basic features of every organism. Also, the local, English and scientific names were included in the outputs. Based on the evaluations, the outputs have great potential as instructional materials in teaching science but need some improvement. The four identified local marine resources are part of the basic science curriculum. But, these creative outputs can be used specifically in grades 4, 5, 6, and 8. The experts also requested that the researchers will create instructional materials to see how these innovations will be incorporated into the science pedagogy. The comments and suggestions were incorporated to make the final outputs more interesting to the learners. 3.1 Thus, integrating arts in the STEM curriculum can help the current situation of the Philippine education system. Teachers must be imaginative to invent attention-grabbing materials to lift students' interest in science. 

4 illus, 5 tables, 38 ref

042728   JEBALI N, GHARSALLAH A, RIBERO J M (El Manar Univ, 2092, Tunisia, Email: jebalinada1@gmail.com) : Textile ultra-wide band antenna with x band for breast cancer detection. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1232–42.

To detect breast cancer with the use of textile materials flexible antenna. The suggested textile antenna is fabricated with felt, as a substrate, and a conductive fabric: zelt, as a patch and ground plane. Multiple simulations were done in order to obtain an idea about the reflection coefficient, gain, directivity especially the specific absorption rate (SAR), which can valorize the antenna performance and guarantee human security in the presence of electromagnetic waves. The current density results are compared to each other in multiple cases in order to assure the detection process with several size of tumor (from 2 to 8 mm). The antenna works in the X band (from 8 to 12 GHz) which has been dedicated for satellite applications from past many years, radar and many other applications including the medical field where antenna has been used to help in patient monitoring, especially in the case of dangerous diseases like cancer. A novel proposed structure, with reduced size, flexible substrate and good efficiency percentage was obtained with the main purpose of detecting a very small tumor. The simulation's results as well as the measured ones are very similar and suitable for the intended purpose. In comparison with previous research, this novel proposed structure is characterized by a minimized size, good flexibility as well as with acceptable results in the gain, directivity and SAR value. But, the most important benefit is the antenna being helpful in the identification and detection of breast cancer with a minimum difference between the unhealthy and healthy breast, according to the current density results.

16 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

042727   NAGUIB A (Computer Science Dep, Tabarjal Jouf Univ, P.O. Box 2014, Al-Jouf, Skaka, Saudi Arabia, Email: amelsayed@ ju.edu.sa ) : Multilateration localization for wireless sensor networks. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(10), 1213 – 23.

Localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has long been one of the most interesting areas that researchers continue to study. This study presents the methodology of mathematical model for multilateration localization in WSNs verified by a simulation model using the NS-2 simulator.The new modules added to NS-2 can be extended to various rangebased localization techniques, which help many researchers in this field. This work makes a comparative study of atomic and iterative multilateration localization according to different performance metrics.

9 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

042726   HUY N D, NGOC L M T, LOC N H, LAN T T, QUANG H T, DUNG T Q, LAN T T P, HOANG V D, PHUONG N T D (Hue Univ, Hue, 530000, Vietnam, Email: ndhuy@hueuni. edu.vn ) : Isolation of weissella cibaria from pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) gastrointestinal tract and evaluation of its pathogenic bacterial inhibition. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(10), 1200 – 12.

The present study reported the isolation of lactic acid bacteria from the shrimp gastrointestinal tract and evaluation of its antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Lactic bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of alive healthy shrimp were screened on sterilized MRS medium. Vibrio sp. inhibition by isolates was conducted by the agar-well diffusion assay. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibacterial activity was investigated against 25 Vibrio sp. isolates, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25023, and Escherichia coli ATCC 85922. Hemolytic activity, salt, and antibiotic resistance were also evaluated. Total of 22 isolates exhibited Vibrio parahaemolyticus inhibition with antagonistic activities ranged from 220 AU/ml to 460 AU/ml. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA indicated the 5 isolates belong to Weissella cibaria species, namely HN02, HN03, HN04, and HN06 AND HN07. Among these, W. cibaria HN05 had highest antagonistic activity and exhibited the broad inhibition spectrum against Vibrio sp. as well as E. coli ATCC 85922 but not S. aureus ATCC 25023. β-hemolytic and salt resistance assays showed that W. cibaria HN05 had no β-hemolytic activity and grew well in medium containing 5 % of salt. Antibiotic resistance analysis indicated W. cibaria HN05 was suppressed by ampicillin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, and chlortetracycline hydrochloride. This is the first study on isolation and evaluation pathogenic bacteria including Vibrio sp. inhibition by W. cibaria, which is isolated from shrimp gastrointestinal tract.

4 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

042723   TRUONG N V, HOAI N X (Thai Nguyen Univ of Education, Vietnam, Email: nguyenvantruong@dhsptn.edu.vn ) : A novel negative selection algorithm with optimal worst-case training time complexity for r-chunk detectors. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(10), 1160 – 71.

To generate complete and non-redundant detector set with optimal worst-case time complexity. In this study, a novel exact matching and string-based Negative Selection Algorithm utilizing r-chunk detectors is proposed. Improved algorithms are tested on some data sets; the experiments’ results are compared with recently published ones. Moreover, algorithms’ complexities are also proved mathematically. For string-based Artificial Immune Systems, r-chunk detector is the most common detector type and their generation complexity is one of the important factors considered in the literature. We proposed optimal algorithms based on automata to present all detectors. The algorithm could generate the representation of complete and nonredundant detector set with optimal worst-case time complexity. To the best of our knowledge, the algorithm is the first one to possess such worst-case training time complexity. 

4 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref