019758   Singh N;Keshri P K;Singh S;Sarin R K (Physics Dep, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar City, Punjab, Email: arora_navdeep@yahoo.com) : Novel slotted antenna for C-band applications. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 220-2.

This paper demonstrates study of a new slotted antenna which is working at three frequency bands at resonant frequencies of 7.18 GHz, 8.42 GHz and 9.32 GHz with bandwidth values of 24 MHz, 30 MHz and 112 MHz respectively. As this antenna is low profile as compared to another conventional antennas and it has return loss value upto -18 dB at resonant frequency of 9.32 GHz and VSWR value less than 2 at specific resonant frequencies.

5 illus, 6 ref

019757   Singh M;Singh G (Deptt of Computer Science, IT Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, Email: Ms_hodcs@yahoo.com) : Internet spoofing attacks (phishing and pharming). Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 189-92.

Phishing and Pharming are two of the most organized crimes of the 21 century requiring very little skill on the part of the fraudster. These result in identity theft and financial fraud when the fraudster tricks the online users into giving their confidential information like Passwords, Social Security Numbers, Credit Card Numbers, and personal information such as birthdates and mothers' maiden names etc. This information is then either used by fraudsters for their own needs such as impersonate the victim to transfer funds from the victim's account, purchase merchandise etc., or is sold in a variety of online brokering forums and chat channels for a profit.

2 illus, 7 ref

019756   Singh K;Agrawal S (Univ Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: kuldeepsinghbrar87@gmail.com) : Internet traffic classification using RBF neural network. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 39-43.

Internet Traffic is continuously growing very rapidly due to availability of high speed internet connections and various internet applications. These applications leading to drastic increase in internet traffic, are www, e-mail, P2P, FTP applications etc. The main task of network management and monitoring by ISPs rely on classification of this traffic. Traditional internet traffic classification techniques such as port number and payload based techniques become inefficient due to the use of dynamic port numbers and various cryptographic techniques. Therefore various machine learning (ML) techniques are developed to perform this classification. In this paper, Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is used for internet traffic classification. The performance of RBFNN is compared with Back propagation Neural Network on the basis of accuracy, recall, number of hidden layer neurons and training time. This experimental analysis shows that RBFNN is an effective ML technique for offline internet traffic classification.

5 illus, 2 table, 13 ref

019755   Singh A;Singh J (P.G. Dep of Computer Science & IT, Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa College, Sarhali, Email: avtarsindhu22000@gmail.com) : Iterative probabilistic scheduling algorithm with parallel processing. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 63-6.

Iterative Probabilistic Scheduling (IPS) is a scheduling algorithm that uses probabilistic approach to schedule traffic and to allocate recourses. It uses Virtual Output Queuing (VOQ) strategy and model is based on Poisson arrivals and M/M/1 queuing system. Proposed IPS with Parallel Processing (WPP) that adds another loop to normal IPS so that more than one packet can be scheduled simultaneously. The VOQs performs the calculation of probability and determines the HOQ packet with high probability which is the one to be schedule. Proposed IPS WPP is compared with normal IPS algorithm.

8 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

019754   Sharma D (Univ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh, Email: dishasharma210@gmail.com) : Neural Network: design and learning perspectives. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 87-91.

As a basis to potential solutions, there are biological inspiration paradigms, such as: neural networks, immune systems, ants' behavior. Due to its characteristics of learning and generalization, a neural network can contribute to the development of a system that allows identifying and learning new models providing optimal solutions to various problems. These characteristics of neural networks contribute to inspire researchers to work in this subject area. A lot of work describing the nature, applications and benefits of neural networks has been presented till date. Optimal performance of neural network is subject to the selection of design and learning approaches. This paper presents an overview of neural networks focusing on the various architectures and the learning approaches of ANN, discussing the merits and demerits of the approaches. The main advantage of this paper is the help in selecting the appropriate architecture and learning algorithm as per the requirements of the system.

4 illus, 26 ref

019753   Sethi N;Chimni J (Computer Science & Applications Dep, Hindu College, Amritsar, Email: neha_tejpal@yahoo.com) : Handwritten character recognition using neural network. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 134-6.

Handwritten character recognition is one of the focused areas of research in the field of Artificial intelligence. It involves image digitization, line separation, character separation, image enhancement, data compression, segmentation, image recognition and contextual error correction. This paper describes a neural network based technique to recognize isolated hand written characters using Back propagation Neural Network Algorithm. A neural network based Back propagation Neural Network algorithm is developed using C++ to recognize hand written characters. The system consists of other modules like pre-processing, noise removal, image scaling and generating tiff files etc, The inputs taken are different handwritten samples of the English alphabets. The tiff files of the samples are pre-processed, so as to make them suitable to be fed to our set Neural network Model.

3 illus, 10 ref

019752   Sangeet Kumar;Bhatia N;Kapoor N (Computer Science Dep, DAV College, Jalandhar-144 008, Email: sangeetkumararora@yahoo.com) : Fuzzy logic based tool for loan risk prediction. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 180-3.

Loan risk is a major decision for any financial organization like banks or forclecision maker for loan applicant. The uncertain domain of risk assessment has long been in need of a reliable and consistent system to help simplify the decision making process. Fuzzy Logic provides a completely different, unorthodox way to approach a control problem. This method focuses on what the system should do rather than trying to understand how it works. One can concentrate on solving the problem rather than trying to model the system mathematically, if that is even possible. This almost invariably leads to quicker, cheaper solutions. This research work will help in analysis risk for a loan applicant according to different factors like its job, salary, loan amount and loan period etc. the decision factor helps in making decision about how to select correct loan applicant. Using fuzzy logic decision variable has been defined, new rules defined, according to different rules added and takes average decision based on questionnaires filled by different categories of applicant's. The analysis of case studies shows the consistency and effectiveness of the approach in making correct decision.

1 illus, 3 table, 10 ref

019751   Roochie;Sharma D V (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala, Email: roochie66@gmail.com) : Survey-concentric approach on thesaurus. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 47-50.

Well designed thesaurus reveals Its results in their applications of browsing and information searching. It may be a monolingual or multilingual thesaurus. During writing, thesaurus is well suited to find more and/or better terms. To build such a system, it is required to study the previous work done by researchers. The present survey examines the various thesaurus searching techniques, implementation approaches for natural language access, frameworks and problems from the view point of thesaurus makers. This paper describes the various research works of experimental results done by many experts that enhance significantly the retrieval performance and evaluate them.

2 illus, 2 table, 11 ref

019750   Rana R S (ECE Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar, Email: dexterous_pisces@yahoo.com) : Rayleigh fading in wireless communication. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 173-6.

Wireless communication can use various number of the media ranging from sound to radio and then to light. Since we want to overcome the problems due to acoustical communication, so we concentrate on the communication due to electromagnetic waves ranging from few MHz to Several GHz. It is interesting to know that propagation results are affected due to the influence of the personal communication in several ways. Since we want to overcome the limitations of acoustical communications, we shall concentrate on propagation of electromagnetic waves in the frequency range from some hundreds of MHz to a few GHz.

6 illus, 11 ref

019749   Ramandeep Kaur;Gurpreet Kaur;Rekha (NO, Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar, Email: ramanz2112@yahoo.co.in ) : Security issues for "smart roads". Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 205-7.

"Smart Roads" is one of the most important applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This is an emerging technology which consists of wireless sensor nodes, which further use radio signals to transmit the data gathered from monitoring road traffic. The usage of Wireless Communication Technology attracts many Security Challenges. In this paper identify various security attacks like Jamming, Sybil attack etc, which can occur while using this technology in monitoring road traffic.

3 illus, 7 ref

019748   Rajandeep Singh;Thethi A S;Kawalpreet Singh (Electronics Technology Dep, GNDU, Amritsar, Email: rajandeep1987@gmail.com) : Computational complexity analysis of wideband spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive radio. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 104-5.

Out of all the major difficulties in implementing cognitive radio, the radio wideband spectrum sensing is most critical operation. Spectrum sensing enables cognitive radio system to detect multiple primary users, and wideband cognitive radio attempts to sense multiple primary user (PU) channels in one time slot and then select the best part of the available spectrum on the basis of minimum error probability. In this paper computational cost of different wideband spectrum sensing techniques is evaluated wrt. Number of samples and compared in terms of the MMPS (Million multiplications per second), for different wideband spectrum sensing schemes for a typical secondary user receiver terminal in a CR network. The best candidate techniques are find out considering less processing delay and computational load on cognitive radio terminal.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

019747   Rajandeep Singh;Hardeep Kaur (NO, Electronics Technology Dep, Amritsar, Email: rajandeep1987@gmail.com) : Effect of path loss factor on signal to co-channel interference ratio in ommidirectional antenna system. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 177-9.

With ever increasing number of customers and increasing demand of high data rates in cellular systems a large bandwidth spectrum is required, frequency reuse is an effective approach to meet the requirements and also avoid additional need of bandwidth spectrum. But frequency reuse concept introduced Co-channel and adjacent channel interferences in cells. Without careful planning the interferences from co channel cells and adjacent channel cells might go beyond the tolerable levels and the signal level degrades upto unacceptable levels leading to poor voice quality and less number of effective number of channels per cell i.e degradation of system capacity. In this paper dependence of Signal to co-channel interference on the path loss factor is presented with the results.

6 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

019746   Puneet Jai Kaur;Sandhu K (UIET, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh, Email: kritikasandhu_18@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative analysis of various size measure for effort estimation of web applications. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 100-3.

Some size measures have been proposed in the literature to be employed in estimating Web application development effort, but to date few empirical studies have been undertaken to validate them and compare their effectiveness. To address this issue we have performed an empirical study by using as size measures Function Points, COSMIC and Web Objects, with the aim of verifying their effectiveness as indicators of development effort. In particular, we have built effort estimation models by applying the Ordinary Least-Squares regression and by using a dataset of 15 Web applications developed by an Italian software company. The results reveal that both Web Objects and COSMIC are good indicators of the development effort. Based on the results of this study, it seems that Web Objects are more suitable for effort estimation purposes of web applications than traditional Function Points.

4 table, 21 ref

019745   Parwinder Kaur;Mago J;Deepika (NO, GNDU, Amritsar, Email: parwin_dhillon@gmail.com) : Comparative study of derivative based edge detector in medical imaging. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 231-4.

Medical image edge detection and enhancement is an essential pre-processing requirement for object recognition of human organs. Edge detectors often form combination of low pass filtering followed by differentiation. Filters are necessary to smooth the image and to improve its quality in case of noisy images. Edge detectors based on differentiation make use of first and second order derivative. This paper presents classified and comparative study of derivative based edge detection algorithms. An edge detectors performance can be measured either subjectively or objectively. Experimental results prove that canny operator is an ideal operator as compared to Laplace Operator and Sobel Operator particularly in case of images corrupted with white noise.

3 table, 9 ref

019744   Parminder Kaur;Hardeep Singh;Ratti N (Computer Sceince and Engineering Dep, Guru Nank Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: parminderkaur@yahoo.com) : Doucment control through automated version controls tools. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 159-64.

In a distributed environment, the important technical documents are preparedby the way of having contributions from a number of contributors located at various locations. It is sometimes difficult to keep the track of modifications made in the document(s) by the various contributors over a period time. Version control tools can help in this regard by the way of keeping track of all the modifications and monitoring all the developmental activities including productivity. This paper presents a study of various version control tools which attempt at implementing all these functionalities. These tools take care of the text, database and document files. A specific example of Subversion, an open source version control tool is discussed.

6 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

019743   Mehta P;Pallavi;Sakshi (NO, HMV, Jalandhar) : Location management in pervasive computing. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 193-5.

Pervasive computing also known as ubiquitous computing is growing trend towards embedding microprocessors in everyday objects so that they can communicate information. A rapidly developing research area, Pervasive System, combines current network technologies with wireless computing and artificial intelligence, to provide connectivity of devices embedded in such a manner which is unobtrusive and always available. To provide anywhere any time computing knowledge of Location Information is must. The environment in these systems is heterogeneous which makes location management a complex task. This paper focuses on the sources of location information, types of location sensors(physical, virtual or logical),processing of location information, architecture of location management systems, location conflict resolution, security and privacy of location information and various scalability issues in location management.

1 illus, 6 ref

019742   Manpreet Singh;Bhandari P (NO, Punjabi Univ, Patiala, Email: msgujral@yahoo.com) : Towards formalization of NSSA in emerging networked computing environment. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 227-30.

The traditional concept of security mainly focuses on the confidentiality of information, but now other important factors are availability and survivability of services which are available on the computer networks. The current generation network security means like intrusion detection system, firewalls, virus detection system etc. present a partial picture about certain aspects of overall network security status. Network Security Situational Awareness is a new discipline which focuses on perception, evaluation, projection and resolution of the security risk to computer networks. In this paper the term situational Awareness is explained in context of computer network security. So the root of the term NSSA is explored. Then the conceptual model for NSSA and mechanism is proposed for NSSA. In the end current technologies being employed in core modules of NSSA to formalize this discipline have been explored.

4 illus, 15 ref

019741   Manpreet Kaur;Aulakh I K (UIET, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh, Email: mail.mkaur@gmail.com) : Rogue access point detection techniques in wireless network. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 111-13.

Rogue Access Points are the most challenging security concern for a network administrator. An unauthorized Access Point known as Rogue Access Point is a security threat and if not detected can potentially disrupt enterprise wireless network. It can lead to an open door and leak out sensitive or private information. There are number of solutions available to detect and block Rogue Access points based on different techniques. This paper aims to review most widely used solutions to detect and block Rogue Access points. The detection schemes reviewed fall under the following two concepts: Analysis of various Network traffic characteristics/ Network Analyzer and Centralized Control network architecture.

2 illus, 9 ref

019740   Manjit Kaur;Raj Kumari (Univ Institute of Engg and Technology, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh, Email: manjitbhinder@gmail.com) : Test complete and test partner testing tools. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 92-4.

Software test automation involves automating a manual testing process that uses a formalized testing procedure. Test automation involves the use of software in order to control the execution of the tests, setting up the pre-conditions for the test, comparisons of the predicted outcomes to the actual outcomes and many more test reporting functions. This paper will discuss the automation of testing and their available tools. In this, authors will focus mainly on two tools that are TestComplete and TestPartner. These tools are of same category that is functional and regression testing.

4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

019739   Mago N;Kakkar S;Mago J (NO, J.C.D.A.V. College, Dasuya, Email: nirja_2004@yahoo.co.in) : Efficient density based incremental clustering algorithm in data warehousing environment. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 14-16.

A great deal of opportunities is provided by Data warehouses to perform data mining tasks such as classification and clustering. In Data Warehouses environment, updates are collected and applied to the data warehouse periodically in a batch mode, e.g., during the night. Then, all patterns derived from the warehouse by some data mining algorithm have to be updated as well. It is highly desirable to perform these updates incrementally because of the large size of the databases. First of all, the first incremental clustering algorithm is presented. This algorithm is based on the clustering algorithm DBSCAN which is applicable to any database containing data from a metric space, e.g., to a spatial database or to a WWW-log database. Due to the density-based nature of DBSCAN, the insertion or deletion of an object affects the current clustering only in the neighborhood of this object. Thus, efficient algorithms can be given for incremental insertions and deletions to an existing clustering. Incremental DBSCAN yields significant speed-up factors over DBSCAN even for large numbers of daily updates in a data warehouse.

1 illus, 5 ref

019738   Mago J;Mago S;Sandhu P S (Computer Science and Applications Dep, Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar, Email: magojagmohan@gmail.com) : Modeling the protocols for a intelligent healthcare system. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 19-23.

Intelligent systems are extensively used to provide clinical decision support to the healthcare practitioners. Due to openness and dynamic nature of the medical diagnosis, it is necessary for the protocols required for the interaction between the intelligent system and the healthcare practitioners to be flexible and scalable. As far as healthcare is concerned, protocols should be modeled adequately such that they incorporate the rigid behavior specified by the finite state machines and also utilize the non-deterministic finite state commitment machines (NDFSCMs) for achieving flexibility in their behavior. In this paper, we use the generalized finite state machines for representing protocols for interactions between the intelligent system and the healthcare practitioners. Also design the protocols of various stages for facilitating the interaction. The action of intelligent system and the medical practitioner is defined in terms of commitments.

2 illus, 21 ref

019737   Kawal Jeet;Minhas R S (Computer Science Dep, DAV College, Jalandhar, Email: kawaljeet@yahoo.com) : Bayesian network-based approach for estimating increase in size of a software development project. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 223-6.

The success of a software development project depends on the analytical capability and experience of the project manager. For the project manager, the main intriguing task is to manage the risk factors as they adversely influence the cost, performance and schedule of the project. Two major risk factors having adverse impact on the size of the project and hence the cost is found to be: (1) creeping user requirements (2) use of unnecessary features in the project. This paper presents a method that uses Bayesian Network (BN) to implement the risk model to find out the ways to manage and predict the probability of overrun in this size. This system can be used by the software manager at any stage during software development.

5 illus, 4 table 15 ref

019736   Kapoor N;Bhatia N;Sangeet Kumar (Computer Science Dep, DAV College, Jalandhar-144 008, Email: namartakapoor7@gmail.com) : Risk factors during software development: a survey. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 208-11.

Software Engineering is a profession to provide high quality software to the customers. It is a systematic approach to analysis, design, implementation, maintenance and re engineering of software. But there are many risks involved in creating high quality software. Risks have no exact values. They are based upon uncertainties. There is indeed a long list of evil things that is depressing software projects from a long time period. In order to successfully manage software projects, we must learn to identify, analyze and control software risks. Although controlling risks have a cost, but if the risks are not addressed and does indeed bite us. But there is no magic solution to overcome these risks. In this paper authors are most concerned about the study of risk factors by having strong knowledge of software engineering and management practices.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

019735   Kamaljeet Kaur;Singh G;Jasmeen Kaur (NO, RBIENT, Hoshiarpur, Email: kamaljudge@hotmail.com) : Novel algorithm for saving bandwidth using cRTP and silence suppression. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 17-18.

Bandwidth if heard seems to be a simple word with simple definition, but the whole system of network totally depends on this single word's utilization that is called the 'Bandwidth Utilization'. The compression and suppression techniques are one of the best ways for implementing proper bandwidth utilization. In this paper, the Compressed Real time Transport Protocol is used along with Silence Suppression in order to save the bandwidth. The tool used for simulation is OPNET. The scenarios are made and implemented techniques for proper results. From the results it is seen that upto 38% of the bandwidth can be saved by implementing two above said techniques in case of small sampling.

3 illus, 5 ref

019734   Kamaldeep Kaur;Sardar H (NO, I.T.I., Mansa, Email: urshassu@yahoo.co.in) : Size and quality analysis by color using visual appearance of a guava fruit. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 69-76.

Colors is the key to analysis quality by using external attributes of appearance such as size, shape, day light, day temperature natural ethylene gas colorization and also use non-destructive methods for agriculture products i.e. guava fruits A computer vision system and human vision system can be implemented to quantity standard level, color of fruits. Image acquisition inspects color quality of fruit and transfers to computer system which inspect, check and compare with pre-defined captured images samples of color quality of different size of fruits and also color intensity play important role. Further a program, software tells about fruit quality as un ripe, partially ripe and over ripe. Because ripening is one of the most processes in fruits which involve change in color, flavors. The result of this research comes out 75-80% accurately.

10 illus, 25 ref

019733   Kakkar A;Anupreet Kaur;Malhotra M (U.I.E.T, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: abhishek.kakkar06@gmail.com) : Modeling of second order saponifications reaction in an isothermal semi batch reactor using MATLAB. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 9-13.

In this work the operation of a well agitated semi batch reactor is studied for a second order saponifcation reaction under isothermal condition. The results were used to determine the second order rate constant. The reactor with tank volume of 2.5L was charged initially with a 1L of sodium hydroxide and the second reactant ethyl acetate was pumped at a predetermined flow rates. Unreacted concentration of sodium hydroxide was determined at regular intervals for a period of 15 minutes, with a variation of reaction temperature from 25 to 45ø C and flow rates from 6 to 9.3 LPH. Assumptions of no overflow and constant density were made throughout the runs. Experimental plots for the unreacted sodium hydroxide concentration with reaction time showed asymptotic relationship partially in the given time frame. Thus these experimental plots were verified with theoretical plots obtained by simulation of the second order kinetics applying Fourth order Runge-Kutta analysis on equation for rate of reaction using MATLAB.

9 illus, 8 table, 3 ref

019732   Jindal K;Singh K (Electronics and Communication Engg Dep, Apeejay College of Engineering, Sohna, Email: jindalkavita82@gmail.com) : Optimal compression using discrete cosine transform in MATLAB. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 44-6.

Image compression is the application of data compression on digital images image compression can be lossy or lossless. In this paper it is begin attempted to implement basic JPEG compression using only basic MATLAB functions in this paper the lossy compression techniques have been used, where data loss cannot affect the image clarity in this area. Image compression addresses the problem of reducing the amount of data required to represent a digital image it is also used for reducing the redundancy that is nothing but avoiding the duplicate data it is also used for reduces the storage compression area to load an image for this purpose we are using JPEG.JPEG is a still frame compression standard which is based on the discrete Cosine Transform and it is also adequate for most compression application the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a mathematical function that transform digital image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain.

1 illus, 2 table, 8 ref

019731   Jaspreet Kaur;Sharma V (Computer Sceince & Engineering Dep, Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology Amritsar, Punjab-143 001, Email: jass_stu_engg@yahoo.com) : Security based power awareness (SBPA) algorithm for WSN_s. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 150-3.

Wireless sensor networks/are a set of small, low cost, low power sensing devices with wireless communication capabilities. A wireless sensor networks is totally based on the limiting factor i.e. energy consumption. A wireless sensor network consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed or scattered in particular network region. WSN consist of node that is highly mobile, so in particular the in range of the nodes is very important. Each device in a WSN is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. Each must forward traffic unrelated to its own use, and therefore be a router. The primary challenge in building a WSN is regarding the equipping of each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic. In this paper, we introduce the SBPA algorithm which is a security based power awareness algorithm that deals with the security of data transmitting nodes in WSNs. The security has been the great issue regarding the data transmission in WSNs along with the performance optimization of the WSNs. The SBPA is an enhanced form of AODV protocol that has the ability of self recovering regarding the security issues of the network structure. The simulations are performed using the NS2 simulator [21] and the results obtained shows that the consideration of security and the mobility factors enhances the performance of the network model and thus increases the throughput of the ad hoc networks.

4 illus, 25 ref

019730   Jaspreet Kaur;Hardeep Kaur (Electronics Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar, Email: jaipreetkr@yahoo.com) : Bit error rate analysis and its comparison for adaptive modulation schemes in OFDM system. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 170-2.

This paper investigates several modulation techniques for OFDM including BPSK, QPSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM and 512QAM and system performance is gained by dynamically choosing the modulation technique based on the channel conditions. The performance of OFDM is accessed by using computer simulations performed using Matlab. In this paper, transmitter and receiver models are simulated according to the parameters established by the standard, to evaluate the performance. Also, convolution coding is used to improve the system performance. Use of adaptive modulation can effectively control the BER of the transmission, as sub carriers that have a poor E_b/N_o (db) can be allocated a low modulation scheme such as BPSK. For good E_b/N_o (db), the high modulation scheme giving priority to spectral efficiency can be considered. E_b/N_o of the channel is estimated before the transmission. The modulation scheme is set based on the SNR of the channel.

3 illus, 3 table, 6 ref

019729   Hans Raj;Sekhon G S (NO, , GKC YCOE, Talwandi Sabo, Email: shaviraj786@yahoo.co.in) : Security issues and domain based security for mobile agents. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 77-82.

Mobile agent system, security issues are major problem. Mobile agents are autonomous software entity when a mobile agent works in the host environment some security problem raises, because mobile agent is a software entity it can be work in distributed network, it can suspend its execution in one host and resume its execution in another host. When mobile agent resume its execution it can loss some of its important data. Mobile agent have their personal information like, internal code, state and password. These personal information are updated by host and another mobile agent working under that host environment. So that mobile agent systems are that in which various agents works concurrently and uses the resources of that host platform in random manner Mobile agent technology is used in distributed applications due to their properties of autonomy, a synchronicity and local resource management. Mobile agent technology results in significant new security threats from malicious agent and hosts. Mobile agent can travels in different number of hosts in distributed network. During the journey it can change its state and secret code and behave like an untrusted entity. So that the security problem occurs, mobile agent system employ a number of security features to address the various threats. Despite this common need for security, there doesn't exists a generic trust and security model that covers all the level of their operation and that could be used as standard. Mobile agent technology has many benefits but it has a possibility of security threats from malicious agent platform. In this paper, an infrastructure is proposed to secure mobile agent from the agent platform in which they can execute to do their necessary computation, which is more suitable for industrial automation device which have low computation resources. In this infrastructure SGB (Security Guider Bank) serves as a group of agent platform, which is called domain. The SGB maintains information about the domain, which is used by mobile agents to decide whether it is safe to visit the domain or not. This is represented as RV value and VL value. With this approach the turnaround time of mobile agent is reduced and this mechanism also able to detect as well as prevent up to some extent, a malicious changes of mobile agent.

3 illus, 3 table, 18 ref

019728   Gurwinder Singh;Harpreet Singh (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, BBSBEC Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, Email: gurwinder.singh@bbsbec.ac.in) : Neural network models for weather forecasting: capabilities and limitations. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 141-5.

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques have been applied to many different fields and have demonstrated their capabilities in solving simple to complex problems. ANN's features like parallel- distributing processing, self-learning and fault tolerance are explored for different scenarios. However it is difficult to determine the best neural network architecture since it is not immediately obvious how many inputs or hidden nodes are used, weights and bias initialization, error function modification for optimum training in the model. This paper examines and analyses different neural network models such as Multi-layer Perceptron (MLPN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) and Self-organizing Maps, with their capabilities and limitations for forecasting weather accurately. For performance evaluation Root mean square error (RMSE), MAPE, significantly show that Hopfield and Self-organizing Maps gives the good results than multi-layer Perceptron and Recurrent neural network models. The optimum model with the suitable number of nodes is selected in accordance the minimum forecast error.

5 illus, 18 ref

019727   Gurpreet Kaur;Balwinder Singh (Computer Engineering Section, Yadwindra College of Engg, Talwandi, Sabo, Email: er_gurpreetkaur@rediffmail.com) : Base station selection procedure for soft handover in wimax. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 106-10.

WIMAX is Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is a telecommunication technology that provides wireless data over long distances in several ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access. The main consideration of Mobile Wimax is to achieve seamless handover such that there is no loss of data. In Wimax both mobile station (MS) and base station (BS) scans the neighbouring base stations for selecting the best base station for a potential handover. Two types of handovers in wimax are: Hard handover (break before make) and Soft handover (make before break). To avoid data loss during handover we have considered soft handovers this research topic. We have proposed a technique to select a base station for potential soft handover in wimax. Developed a base station selection procedure that will optimize the soft handover such that there is no data loss; handover decision is taken quickly and thus improving overall handover performance. We will compare the quality of service with hard handover and soft handover. We have analysed the proposed technique with an existing scheme for soft handover in wimax with simulation results.

11 ref

019726   Gurinder Kaur;Japinder Kaur;Kuljit Kaur; Praminder Kaur;Singh H (Computer Sceince and Engineering Dep, Guru Nank Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: waligurinder@yahoo.com) : Reusability aspects of component-based system. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 154-8.

The concept of component-based development (CBD) is widely used in software (SW) development. CBD facilitates reuse of the existing components with the new ones because the component based software development paradigm is much different from the traditional approach. It takes existing components, provides systematic reuse assessment which is based on reuse advice and analysis, and produces components that are improved for reuse. Software component reuse is the key to significant gains in productivity. As such, the reuse of components raises the level of abstraction for many designs, and development time is often reduced. This paper illustrates the reusability aspects of component-based system with the help of component reusability model.

4 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

019725   Gupta M;Paramjit Singh;Shweta Rani (Computer Sci and Applications Dep, Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar) : Sleep deprivation attack and defense on wireless sensor network MAC protocols. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 184-88.

As wireless sensor platforms become less expensive and more powerful, the promise of their wide-spread use for everything from health monitoring to military sensing continues to increase. Like other networks, sensor networks are vulnerable to malicious attack; however, the hardware simplicity of these devices makes defense mechanisms designed for traditional networks infeasible. This work explores the denial-of-sleep attack, in which a sensor node's power supply is targeted. Attacks of this type can reduce sensor lifetime from years to days and can have a devastating impact on a sensor network. This work identifies vulnerabilities in state-of-the-art sensor network medium access control (MAC) protocols that leave them susceptible to denial-of-sleep attack. Attacks from each category in the classification are modeled to show the impacts on four current sensor network MAC protocols: S-MAC, T-MAC, B-MAC and G-MAC. To validate the effectiveness and analyze the efficiency of the attacks, implementation of T-MAC and B-MAC is described and analyzed in detail.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

019724   Gupta A;Bansal P K (PG Dept of Computer SC, D A V College Amritsar, Punjab, Email: amar_deep_gupta@yahoo.co.in) : Reliability analysis of fault tolerant irregular tringle multistage interconnection network. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 239-41.

Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) interconnect thousands of various processors and memory modules. These Systems attract the researchers in various aspects such as performance parameters, reliability and routing. In this paper reliability of Irregular Fault Tolerant MIN named as Irregular Triangle has been discussed and compared with Theta Network.

4 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

019723   Girish Kumar;Malhotra D (NO, , ACET, Email: girishvansh@gmail.com) : New Authentication approach for secure web marketing using ear biometrics. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 137-40.

The researches discuss if the ears are unique or unique enough to be used as biometrics. Ear shape applications are not commonly used, but we can use Ear Biometrics for authentication while using web marketing. In this paper we present the basics of using ear as biometric for person identification and authentication for web marketing. Also the error rate and application scenarios of ear biometrics are presented.

3 illus, 4 ref

019722   Dhand P;Sood R;Deora A (NO, MMU, Ambala) : Cost planning for implementation of wireless networks pre deployment issue. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 217-19.

Today, authors are witnessing dramatic shift from wired networks to wireless networks. A rapid change in this technological environment requires good foundation in study levels. With the advancement in WLANs, there is one major issue that is coming to forefront i.e. the cost. No doubt, the initial investment required for wireless LAN is much higher than the cost of wired LAN hardware but the overall expenses including the variable cost and life cycle costs can be significantly lowered. The proper evaluation for minimizing the cost involved for wireless installation is not an easy task for engineers, network operation staff or finance departments of an organization. The best way to control cost and manage bandwidth is to take advantage of wired infrastructure not only as the backbone for wireless LAN, but also the provider of critical services like security, Quality of service (QoS) and management. For an effective implementation of Wireless Network, certain pre-deployment issues have been carefully examined which includes:- * Facility survey * User Density * Application running * AP Placement * Antenna selection * Topology selection * Bandwidth requirement power levels * Channel assignment * Total Cost of ownership * Allocation of SSIDs. Amongst the above mentioned factors, TCO (Total cost of Ownership) is the prime factor considered in this paper which serves to be a very important parameter in the planning phase of wireless deployment and thereby an effective tool for decision making by the management.

4 table, 9 ref

019721   Devinder Singh;Amrinder Singh (NO, Lovely Institute of Technology, Phagwara-144 002, Email: devinder@ctgroup.in) : Acces list based VLAN map architecture and modified 802.1_q frame scheme for addresing VTP issues. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 196-204.

Cisco's VLAN Trunk Protocol reduces administration in a switched network. Not much research has been pursued in addressing in-depth complexities of VTP. VTP encounters intricate situations first, when we try to insert a VTP client or server with higher config revision number and second, when we insert a switch with different VTP domain name. Solutions to both of these issues involve considerable manual re-configuration which transcends from manually changing VTP modes, domain names to manually adding missing or deleting un-wanted VLANs. Amount of manual configuration cited as obvious solution to these VTP problems increases exponentially for a midsize scalable switched network and moreover this might also add to network downtime and subsequently to network management cost. This paper explores different options of eliminating manual configuration by comprehensively automating the applicability of proposed innovative solutions when VTP encounters above specified issues. An access list based VLAN map architecture is proposed for addressing the first issue. Modification in 802.1 q frame is proposed to address the second concern of inserting switch with different VTP domain. Comprehensive analysis of simulated network is pursued to demonstrate the repercussions of VTP issues and finally, applicability of proposed architectures are introspected as viable way-out.

9 illus, 6 table, 16 ref

019720   Depak Kumar;Manish Kumar (Computer Sci. and Engg Dep, S.B.B.S.I.E.T, Jalandhar, Email: depak950_1985@yahoo.co.in) : Concertizing the data mining on university managerial decision. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 83-6.

One of most important facts in higher education system is open new college according to demands in particular areas where colleges are desired. Here before emphasizing on this type of decisions all the circumstances that takes forward the decisions makers to open a new college that will enhance the higher education takes up no of education related formulations. Practically there are various ways that are followed by to take decisions on this kind of account set viz: planning counseling, evolution and so on. Means this can be achieved by utilizing the managerial decisions making with appropriate knowledge. But by being discrete there in the educational data sets and by applying the data mining thereof a particular area we will get a lot of hidden knowledge there, which will creep up the layer of watermarking from those specific practical sets that can enhance our decision to be accurate steeply. This paper is designed to first present and justify capabilities of data mining in context higher education system by using hidden information which is present in database of education boards.

1 illus, 10 ref

019719   Chopra S;Singh B (NO, , KC College of Engg. & IT) : New method of edge detection in mammographic images. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 4-8.

The principal feature in Mammographic Images is to find the region of interest. Extraction of breast region and delineation of the breast contour is an essential pre processing step in the process of computer aided detection. Detection of edges is an image is very important step towards understanding image features. Since edges often occur at image location representing object boundaries, edge detection is used in image segmentation when images are divided into areas corresponding to different objects. Their are many existing edge detection algorithm for finding edges in an image. But these operator don't work on the Mammographic Images. In this paper a new algorithm is developed to find boundary of the breast which decreases the amount of further processing required.

4 illus, 9 ref

019718   Chhabra A;Gurvinder Singh (Computer Sci & Engineering Dep, Guru Nanak dev Univ, Amritsar, Email: chhabra_amit78@yahoo.com) : Exploiting parallelism in networked computing environment. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 212-16.

Deals with the design and development of Windows based Networked Computing Environment (NCE) to harness the scattered desktop computing resources in the local area network. NCE will be used to run parallel processing applications which otherwise requires generic parallel computer. No specialized machine hardware, networking technologies and software are required to build NCE as it is entirely based on commodity hardware components particularly commonly available desktop PCs, local area network and easily available software. Parallelism can be exploited in NCE by partitioning the parallel application into smaller tasks and distributing these tasks to connected desktop PCs for execution. Most of the traditional Distributed/networked or cluster computing systems (for example DIM, PBS, Open PBS, load balancer, SGE Rocks, RES, Legion, AppLES and LSF) includes node management systems that have command line tracking system to track status of jobs and connected computing nodes. A GUI based user- friendly status tracking application(VSTA) is developed and embedded in the NCE that automatically tracks the status of jobs as well as the slave nodes and displays their status on the master node console. First part of the paper deals with the design and development of Windows Based Networked Computing Environment(NCE) as well as Visual Status Tracking Application(VSTA). Second part of the paper deals with development and execution of benchmarking parallel applications to exploit parallelism in NCE. Finally, performance of the NCE is measured with the help of performance metrics like speedup and efficiency.

11 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

019717   Budhiraja A;Garg R (NO, UIET, PU Chandigarh, Email: archie.budhiraja@gmail.com) : Improved AODV algorithm for ad hoc network. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 59-62.

Routing in MANET is a challenge owing to the dynamic nature of network topology and resource constraints. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is proposed for achieving dynamic,self-organizing and on-demand multihop routing among mobile nodes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). In AODV, wireless links may be lost occasionally due to the nodes on the routing path that are unreachable. For solving this problem, the AODV protocol provides a local repair mechanism that tries to find an alternative route to destination by broadcasting the RREQ message from the upstream node of the broken link. Although the local repair mechanism works with a specified Time To Live to limit the repair range of RREQ, large number of the broadcast RREQ messages result in extensive control messages and obvious power consumption for transmitting these broadcast messages. This paper proposes an improved routing protocol based on AODV for ad hoc network, which optimizes hello mechanism, local repair mechanism, and provides multi-backup pathways for the source node. Through network simulation, authors show that new protocol can reduce network end-to-end delay and increase packet delivery ratio. Moreover, relative stability is another advantage of improved algorithm.

7 illus, 9 ref

019716   Bhanu Prasad (Computer and Information Sciences Dep, Florida A & M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA, Email: prasad@cis.famu.edu) : E-commerce with intelligence. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), ii.

The internet has transformed several commercial activities such as product selection and negotiation into electronic commerce (i.e., e-commerce) activities namely e-product selection and e-negotiation. E-commerce activities can be divided into two categories. The first one focuses on directly bringing the product details on to the internet and selling them online. This is a natural mapping from the traditional commerce to e-commerce. The second one is "e-commerce with intelligence", which focuses on the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to make e-commerce activities more similar to real-world commerce activities. Various AI techniques such as case-based reasoning, automated-collaborative filtering [11], agents [12, 14], etc. are used in e-commerce. Some hybrid approaches are also available [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. The keynote speech outlines these techniques/approaches by focusing on Business-to-Customer (i.e., B2C) e-commerce.

14 ref

019715   Balvinder Kumar;Shweta Rani;Singh P;Bhardwaj U;Sharma R C (NO, , CSE Dep, Arni Univ, Email: balvinder.professional@gmail.com) : Application of ad-hoc network solutions to wireless sensor networks. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 30-8.

A summarized overview and the application domains of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Related WSN architectures and topologies are discussed in brief. It is humbly pointed out that the solutions available for ad-hoc networks cannot be directly applied wireless sensor networks (WSN's). A significant difference between the two networks i.e. Wireless Sensor Networks and Ad-hoc Networks has been put forward in this paper. The basic concept of cross layer design is presented i.e The traditional layered networking approach has several drawbacks from WSNs perspective, improvements in performance and energy efficiency are possible if significant amount of information is passed across protocol layers and hence network lifetime can be improved. Routing protocols of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are discussed at length because one reason for such a huge number of protocols for WSNs is that such networks are application specific and a particular routing protocol can only satisfy a class of WSN application requirements

4 illus, 9 ref

019714   Balpreet Kaur (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: gnostic1000@yahoo.com) : RFID technology: A basic introduction and design of reader antenna. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 67-8.

This paper presents the basic introduction of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. It provides a means of automatic identification of objects and the RFID reader antenna is presented at microwave frequency band. The centre frequency is 2.45 GHz. The microstrip patch antenna is introduced which is a rectangular patch with corners truncated and has a ground plane. The antenna is fed with a single coaxial probe and has a simple structure. The antenna is designed and simulated using IE3D simulation tool where the antenna characteristics can be determined by return loss, VSWR. The simulation results are presented.

7 illus, 4 ref

019713   Arora V K;Saluja K K;Kakkar P (CSE Dep, SBSCET, Freozpur, Email: vishal.fzr@gmail.com) : Malware detection in local area networks with snort. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 235-8.

Snort is an open source Network Intrusion Detection System combining the benefits of signature, protocol and anomaly based inspection and is considered to be the most widely deployed IDS/IPS technology worldwide. Snort uses signature based detection method in which traffic is examined against preconfigured and predetermined attack patterns. In a good security practice, a collection of these signatures must be constantly updated to mitigate emerging threats. Signature-based detection is very effective at detecting known threats but largely ineffective at detecting previously unknown threats, threats disguised by the use of evasion techniques, and many variants of known threats.

2 illus, 9 ref

019712   Arora A K;Sharma P R;Khera R (NO, Y.M.C.A., Univ of Science and Technology) : Space vector modulation with theoretical analysis and harmonic loss-a survey. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 121-33.

Advancement in power electronics allows the wide investigation of multilevel converter which provides high safety voltages with less harmonic component as compared to two level structures space vector modulation is employed for generation of gating signal as boundary restriction can be easily incorporated to minimize the harmonic distortion output voltage, to limit the minimum pulse width and to balance the voltage of dc link capacitor. In this paper space vector pulse width modulation is reviewed from literature and compare with different PWM technique and also different generalized algorithm of space vector modulation for n level inverter is being summarized from previous result.

4 illus, 3 table, 221 ref

019711   Anita;Naresh Kumar (U.I.E.T, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh, Email: eranita5@gmail.com) : Test bed for power analysis of particle swarm optimization based wireless sensor networks. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 114-20.

Wireless sensor networks utilize large numbers of wireless sensor nodes to collect information from their sensing terrain. Wireless sensor nodes are battery-powered devices. In the wireless communication, the operation time of a battery-limited relay node depends on its communication range. Hence the locations of the relay nodes have to be carefully planned to achieve the maximum network lifetime. In this paper a test bed is developed to analyze power performance of a wireless sensor network. A Test bed is developed with the help of artificial neural network, particle swarm optimization is used as learning algorithm for finding shortest path and to make the network more energy efficient. The simulation results are analyzed with network sizes (15 nodes, 30 nodes, 50 nodes and 100 nodes) and sensor radii (10m, 15m, 20m and 25m). Test bed is developed with the help of vb.net language. From results of developed test bed it is analyzed that there is a deep impact on power and mean life time of network by changing sensor radius and network size.

4 illus, 18 ref

019710   Agwan M;Sharma P (Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Dep, Apeejay Satya Univ, Gurgaon, Haryana) : Smart hybrid controller with innovative intelligence. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 147-9.

In this study, with the methodology of blending mechanism a smart hybrid controller is introduced that blends the PID and fuzzy controllers in an intelligent way. Actuating error plays an important role in blending mechanism in order to make a decision upon the priority of the two controller parts namely PID controller and fuzzy controller. In order to select a particular controller an intelligent switching scheme is also induced on blending mechanism. The simulations done on various processes using the new hybrid controller provides 'better' system response as compared to the individual response of PID and fuzzy controller.

6 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

019709   Abrol V (Electronics & Communication, SSGPURC Punjab Univ, Chandigarh, Email: votrix@gmail.com) : Optical communication based stepper motor control using pulse width modulation. Apeejay J Comput Sci Applic 2011, (Spl), 245-8.

IR Sensor Based Fiber Communication System For Stepper Motor Control Using PWM Controlling Sequence/Signal. The Circuit Is Based On Optical Transmission & Can Be Operated With High Speed Fiber Connection or Properly Aligned IR Wireless Link.

6 illus, 1 table, 7 ref