018833   Gautam G C;Sharma T P (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, Email: tipugautam@gmail.com) : Novel approach to energy efficient fault tolerant time synchronization protocols for wireless sensor networks. Int J appl Engng Res Dindigul 2011, 2(1), 190-204.

Due to recent innovations in the area of wireless technologies, it is feasible to deploy inexpensive tiny disposable and low power devices throughout a wide area for the measurement of physical parameters like temperature, pressure, humidity etc. These small devices are known as sensor nodes (SNs) and their deployment is termed as wireless sensor network (WSN). SNs have resource constraints in terms of storage capacity, battery power and processing capabilities. WSN was originally developed for military applications, but later it has found its use in lots of public domain. WSNs involve monitoring events and communicating sensor readings to some designated nodes in the network known as sinks. Each node uses a local clock to timestamp an event at this node and there is not global clock as such. However, local clocks may differ from each other due to variable drift over a period of time. Hence, WSN applications require partial or full time synchronization and it is important that message exchanged by the SNs must be time stamped by each sensor's local clock. Time synchronization in WSNs is also important because time based queries can be answered only if all the nodes have a common notion of time or are synchronized within a permissible limit. Further, in WSNs, the clocks do not remain well synchronized over a long period without periodic resynchronization. Therefore, to maintain the notion of global time, the clocks of the nodes must be resynchronized periodically and in a manner that consumes minimum possible energy. Authors have proposed an Energy Efficient Fault Tolerant Time Synchronization (EEFTTS) Protocol for WSNs which efficiently synchronizes the WSN with minimal energy consumption. Unlike many synchronization protocols, where pairwise message exchanges take place, proposed scheme synchronizes in steps at different topological layers with minimal message exchanges. EEFTTS also detects certain node failures and corrects it by selecting alternate node as new synchronizing entity i.e. cluster head Simulation results show that proposed synchronization scheme provides low power consumption as compared to existing algorithms like RBS and TPSN.

5 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

018832   Dua M;Ranga V;Mehra K;Kardam P;Bahsakhetre S M (Computer Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: er.mohitdua@gmail.com) : Performance evaluation of Aodv, Dsr, Dsdv mobile ad-hoc protocols on different scenarios. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2012, 1(1), 26-45.

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized access point or administration. MANET protocols have to face high challenges due to dynamically changing topologies, low transmission power and asymmetric links of network. A suitable and effective routing mechanism helps to extend the successful deployment of mobile ad-hoc networks. An attempt has been made to compare the performance of two On-demand reactive routing protocols namely AODV and DSR which works on gateway discovery algorithms and a proactive routing protocol namely DSDV which works on an algorithm to constantly update network topology information available to all nodes for MANETs on different scenarios. Comparison is made on the basis throughput, packet loss, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay, and the simulator used is NS-2 [2]. In the previous papers, only one type of scenario was taken while simulating the results. Authors have taken all the scenarios for simulation and then analyzed the results.

^iia10 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

018831   Choudhary A K;Choudhary R K (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Singhania University, Pacheribari-333 515, Email: choudharyarun@rediffmail.com) : Reducing efforts by early prediction of faults in object-oriented software. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2012, 1(1), 61-5.

Software fault prediction is a technique to determine the probability of occurrence of faults in the software. Although faults can be found in any phase of Software Development Life Cycle but predicting faults in design phase before it goes through subsequent phases of SDLC will reduce efforts in all subsequent phases and will help to increase the quality of software. The proposed paper introduces a new method to predict fault proneness of a class in design phase using logistic regression technique.

2 tables, 27 ref

018830   Chaudhry S;Singh K (ECE Dep, BMS College of Engineering and Technology, Muktsar) : Brief introduction of digital image processing. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2012, 1(1), 80-5.

Demand for images, video sequences and computer animations has increased drastically over the years. This has resulted in image and video compression becoming an important issue in reducing the cost of data storage and transmission. JPEG is currently the accepted industry standard for still image compression, but alternative methods are also being explored. Fractal Image Compression (FIC) is one of them. This scheme works encoding by partitioning an image into blocks and using Contractive Mapping to map range blocks to domains. The encoding step in fractal image compression has high computational complexity whereas, decoding step involves starting from all zeros image to achieve final image which is same as original image by applying self Transformations.

^iia5 illus, 11 ref

018829   Chaudhary M;Rana V (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwer University, Mullana, Email: mukesh_kuk@rediffmail.com) : Secure zone-based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2012, 1(1), 66-76.

Routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks have to face the challenge of frequently changing topology, low transmission power and asymmetric links. Both proactive and reactive routing protocols prove to be inefficient under these circumstances. The Secure Zone Routing Protocol (SZRP) combines the advantages of the proactive and reactive approaches by maintaining an up-to-date topological map of a zone centered on each node. Within the zone, routes are immediately available. For destinations outside the zone, SZRP employs a route discovery procedure, which can benefit from the local routing information of the zones. Presents the Secure Zone Routing Protocol. First, we introduced the Mobile Ad-hoc Network then discussed the security goal and type of routing protocol and made their comparison. Authors also described the issues and challenge to meet the security goal. Then authors described the different type of attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Network. In next session, described the security solution to avoid the different type of attack in the network. Described the A Secure Zone Based Routing Protocol which comprise the both feature of Proactive protocol and reactive protocol and we analysis the Secure Zone Based Routing Protocol with different parameter. Finally, draw the conclusion.

^iia2 illus, 10 ref

017655   Ahuja S;Kaushik P K (NO, IASRI (ICAR), New Delhi, Email: reach2san@yahoo.comand) : Statistical software package for performance ensemble of compound treatments in agroforestry research (PECTAR 1.0). Int J Trop Agric 2011, 29(1-2), 83-90.

Analysis of complex datasets collected from the experiments of combined treatments has always been a matter of complexity in regard to come out with an appropriate interpretation along with categorization of treatments based on their performance and effects. Observations from an agroforestry experiment can be considered as suitable examples as they give complex datasets. Agroforestry is a practice where productivity is optimized by integrating practicing tree farming with crop production, the problems of poor agricultural production, worsening wood shortages and environmental degradation can be addressed. Agroforestry technologies/practices are also seen as an opportunity to take pressure off the remaining natural forests and to increase the diversity of vegetation on existing farms besides maintaining food and wood security and environmental conservation. The treatment combinations of doses, fertilizers, variety of crops and their spacing i.e. geometrical arrangements, canopy manipulations, crop harvest intervals, irrigation schedules etc. are standardized specifically to develop different Agroforestry Models. The traditional statistical methods often bring further complexity in processing the data and understanding its results. So, need arises for an efficient statistical methodology, computer algorithm and statistical software package which really determine the pattern of treatment combinations suitable for optimized productivity of an Agroforestry Model. The present paper analyzes the effectiveness of a statistical software package for Performance Ensemble of Compound Treatments in Agroforestry Research (PECTAR 1.0). PECTAR 1.0 (Statistical Software Package for Performance Ensemble of Compound Treatments in Agroforestry Research) which generates the best grouping of different treatment combinations based on their effectiveness/performance towards the optimum productivity. It gives the pattern or behavior of various treatments to increase the production and productivity of the crop. PECTAR 1.0 facilitates the researchers to understand the trends of effects for different treatments and make suitable recommendations. PECTAR 1.0, a Cluster ensemble technique, has attracted serious attention in the area of Agroforestry. It aims at improving robustness and quality of crop by designing the crop in such a set up of various combinations of treatments in order to increase the productivity. It alsohelp in analysis and interpretation results for complex datasets from the field trials laid out for agroforestry research. Some of the factors are not under human control but at least by designing the field/crop set up in such a manner and by effectively utilizing the various resources to get the maximum yield is the main motivation to develop the software. Moreover, this kind of indigenous package is really inexpensive and beneficial for the growth and development in the field of agriculture and forestry in the country. PECTAR 1.0 is a user friendly, reliable and secure statistical software developed in multi threaded Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 programming language with Intel (R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T6670 @2.20 GHz 2.17 GHz, 2.96 GB RAM computer system. It is, Interactive, Password Protected, Menu-Driven Package and can also be operated using the Toolbars. A Context-Sensitive Web Help with Index, Contents, Search and Favorites facility are available. This package would also useful intraining to the post-graduate students and researcher son analysis and interpretation of results. A system with minimum of 64 ME RAM and 2 GB Hard Disk capacity is required to run this package and it will be. compatible on Microsoft Windows 98, ME, 2000 and XP and NET technology.

4 illus, 32 ref

016567   Shringi R P (Applied Biosciences Dep, Modi Institute of Management and Technology, Kota, Rajasthan, Email: ravishringi@yahoo.co.in) : Pymol software for 3D visualization of aligned molecules. Adv Biotech 2011, 11(1), 39-43.

The PyMOL molecular viewer enables communication of molecular structure information in live, animated, and published formats. Highlights include a sequence browser, 3D visualization of aligned molecules, surface property display, animated scene transitions, and portable session files. It provides molecular visualization on any OpenGL-compatible computing platform and supports automation and integration through its native Python interface. Because PyMOL is open-source, community-driven, and widely used, bioinformaticians can feel comfortable about making a long-term investment in learning the program and depending upon it for a variety of routine visualization tasks. Factor VIII (FVIII) is an important cofactor in the blood coagulation cascade. A deficiency or dysfunction of FVIII causes hemophilia A, a life-threatening bleeding disorder. FVIII circulates in plasma as a heterodimer comprising 6 domains (heavy chain, A1-A2-B and light chain, A3-C1-C2). Replacement therapy using FVIII is the leading therapy in the management of hemophilia A.

8 illus, 7 ref

016566   Sharma K;Bhasin V;Vaze K K;Ghosh A K (Reactor Safety Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Email: hello_kamal@yahoo.com) : Numerical simulation with finite element and artificial neural network of ball indentation for mechanical property estimation. Sadhana 2011, 36(2), 181-92.

A combined mechanical property evaluation methodology with ABI (Automated Ball Indentation) simulation and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis is evolved to evaluate the mechanical properties for Carbon Manganese Steel (SA-333 Grade-6) and Stainless Steel (SS-304LN). The experimental load deflection data is converted into meaningful mechanical properties for these materials and their evaluated property is verified with experimental tensile specimen results. An ANN database is generated with the help of contact type finite element analysis by numerically simulating the ABI process for various magnitudes of yield strength (σ_yp) (200 MPa-400 MPa) with a range of strain hardening exponent (n) (0.05-0.5) and strength coefficient (K) (600 MPa-1600 MPa). For the present problem, a ball inden-ter of 1.57 mm diameter having Young's modulus higher than test piece is used to minimize the error due to indenter deformation. Test piece dimension is kept large enough in comparison to the indenter configuration in the simulation to minimize the deflection at the outer edge of the test piece. Further, this database after the neural network training; is used to analyse measured material properties of different test pieces. The ANN predictions are reconfirmed with contact type finite element analysis for an arbitrary selected test sample. The methodology evolved in this work can be extended to predict material properties for any irradiated nuclear material in the service. Extensions of the ABI tests and the associated database analysis could lead to evaluation of the indentation energy to fracture needed for the structural integrity assessment of aged components.

6 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

016565   Satya S (NO, Acharya Institute of Technology, Soladevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Bangalore-560 090, Email: ss.manuscript@gmail.com) : Leisure, social networking and mass media: the evolving confluence. Indian J Market 2012, 42(1), 11-16.

22 ref

016564   Ranjan D;Tripathi A K (Computer Science Dep, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: divya@bhu.ac.in) : Reinforcing reuse in software testing. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(2), 34-45.

Various researchers and practitioners have put forth various ways of practicing reuse in software testing as it plays a crucial role in minimization of test effort and test cycle, and upgradation of the quality of software testing processes but making reuse successful may be an effort and cost intensive job, if not carefully practiced. This work observes that there are ways, methods and techniques that can be applied to play crucial role in making reuse successful in the context of software testing. It further identifies the particular ways, methods and techniques that can be integrated in software testing to reinforce reuse and makes some useful observations regarding them. This study is of significant importance for those who are interested in practicing reuse in testing phase and for those who are interested in improving software testing process with the integration of reuse.

40 ref

016563   Neogi A;Mondal A C;Mandal S K (Computer Science Dep, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Email: amartyaneogi@gmail.com) : Evaluation of equal grade students using fuzzy logic. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(1), 19-33.

In recent times, few methods have been proposed for applying fuzzy logic method in student grading systems. In this paper, a new fuzzy logic method to distinguish the grading of students with the equal score is presented. The aims of proposed method is a qualitative evaluation of students' examination. The proposed method considers the accuracy, briefness and neatness of questions for students' answerscripts evaluation. It can overcome the drawbacks of the traditional evaluation method and can grade students in a more intelligent way.

3 illus, 7 tables, 10 ref

016562   Mallesh T V;Prakash S M;Prasanna Kumar L; Jayaramappa N (Civil Engineering Dep, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumkur-572 105) : Evaluation of bacteriological parameters in water using artificial neural network. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2011, 10(1), 159-66.

Deals with the application of artificial neural network (ANN) for the evaluation of bacteriological parameters in water. It dependents on temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, depth of water, chlorides, phosphates, nitrates, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, fecal coliform, total coliform and fecal steptococci before and after the domestic waste mixing zone of River Kabini, tributary of Cuavery at Nanjanagud, Mandya district, Karnataka. The ANN predicted values are close to the actual laboratory tested values. In this paper 150 actual measured values and laboratory tested values have been taken. For predictions of values using ANN, input and outputs parameters, learning rate parameters, error tolerance, number of cycles to reduce the randomly assigned weights are required, for processing this, the back propagation algorithm and delta rule are required, to input these values to ANN the actual measured and laboratory tested values are used as input and output parameters. The learning rate parameter is 0.55, error tolerance is 0.001 and 5600 number of cycles have been chosen. The first ANN pattern chosen is 10-11-11-3 (ten neuron in input layer, two hidden layers of eleven neuron each and three neuron in output layer) and second parameter is 0.55, error tolerance is 0.001 and 4500 number of cycles, have been chosen. The ANN pattern chosen is 10-12-12-13 (ten neuron in input layer, two hidden layers of eleven neuron each and three neuron in output layer). Back propagation algorithm has been used to train the network, and delta rule is used to adjust the weights and to reduce the errors. The network predicted values, measured and laboratory tested values have been shown in figures and graphs.

6 tables, 9 ref

016561   Jobin Varghese P (Computer Science Dep, Nirmala College Muvattupuzha, , Email: jobin_varghese@yahoo.com) : Global impulse noise filter based on genetic programming approach. Sci Soc 2010, 8(2), 165-22.

Presents the design of an innovative filter for detecting and reducing mixed impulse noise. The filter construction is based on a switching scheme with two cascaded detectors and two corresponding estimators. A supervised learning algorithm called Genetic programming is employed for building two detectors with complementary characteristics. First detector detects majority of the noisy pixels. The second detector searches for the remaining noisy pixels missed by the first detector which are usually hidden in image details or with amplitudes close to its local neighborhood. The classifier is developed through the evolutionary process in genetic programming. The proposed filter shows very good results in suppressing mixed impulse noise on all test images. The proposed model can be applied on commonly used noise models: salt-and-pepper and uniform impulse noise models. Simulation results show that the proposed two-stage GP ulter produces excellent results and outperforms existing modern filters.

2 tables, 11 ref

016560   Jaub N;Agrwal S C;Sulekha Rani (Mathematics Dep, Indian Institute of Techology, Roorkee, Email: madhufma@iitr.ernet.in) : Reliability analysis of distributed software and hardware systems. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(1), 1-11.

The reliability/availability issues are key ingredients of the performance qualification of the distributed system for design and development. The present investigation is concerned with a multi-host system with standbys. When all standbys are used, the system begins to work in degraded mode. Both software and hardware failures are taken into account along with the assumption that the software faults are constantly being identified and removed The common cause failure which is an important factor to predict the availability of realistic system is also taken into consideration. A Markov model is developed by constructing the governing transient equations in terms of probabilities of various system stales. These probabilities are also employed to obtain some reliability indices. Numerical experiment has been performed by using Runge-Kutta method with the help of MATLAB.

2 illus, 16 ref

016559   Jain M;Sulekha Rani (Mathematics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Email: madhufma@iitr.ernet.in) : Reliability modeling of software fault tolerance in a clustered architecture. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(2), 46-56.

System architecture depending upon a cluster of computers has received a considerable attention recently. In a clustered system, the software applications can be made with commercial hardware, operating systems and application software to get high system availability. In this paper we describe various levels in terms of fault detection, fault recovery, volatile data consistency and persistent data consistency. The application software is responsible for the extent of the data backup, subsequent recovery and error detection. The numerical results have been facilitated to have insights of the system descriptors on the performance indices.

5 illus, 14 ref

016558   Jain M;Singh N (Mathematics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee) : Buffering schemes for video server in video-on-demand (VoD) system with low user delay. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(2), 57-65.

Addresses the use of client buffering to reduce bandwidth requirement for video broadcasting over broadband network, which needs a high number of streams for low user delay. Two bandwidth requirement schemes are suggested to reduce the number of streams. The first one is based on the principle of Join and Stream Scheme (JAS), in which a movie is broadcasted in staggered manner and short unicast streams are used. The second scheme is Stream Bundling Broadcasting Scheme (SBB), which provides a broadcasting strategy for popular movies. These schemes group the server streams into channels of increasing bandwidth. In this paper we analyze and optimize JAS and SSB schemes, which is appropriate for movies of intermediate request rate and popular movies, respectively and to achieve minimum server bandwidth. The traffic in the VoD system is assumed to be of two types hot and cold movies, out of which, one is priority traffic and the other is non-priority traffic. We find the performance of above two schemes in term of their buffer and bandwidth requirements for video system under a certain maximum user deky requirement D_max.

4 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

016557   Jain M;Singh N (Mathematics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Email: madhufma@iitr.ernet.in) : Call admission control and blocking probability estimation in PCS networks using neuro-fuzzy approach. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(1), 46-56.

This paper presented cellular network supporting two-dimensional traffic. The analytical model is developed by using Markov model. A prioritized scheme (PS) is considered in which handoff calls are given priority by reserving a fixed number of channels exclusively for the use of handoffs calls. To provide efficient service to handoff voice calls, authors offer subrating of channels. In subrating scheme, a new channel in the blocked cell is created by dividing a full rate channel into two half rate channels; one to serve existing call and the other one to serve handoff voice call. Some performance indices such as blocking probabilities of new calls, blocking probability of hand off calls, forced termination probability, number of portables and degration of voice quality are found. The blocking probabilities are computed analytically as well as by soft computing viz. Neuro- Fuzzy (NF) approach and the both results are compared by taking numerical illustrations.

7 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

016556   Gaur R S;Chaudhary S (Mathematics Dep, D.A.V. College, Civil-Lines, Kanpur-208 001, Email: rajulg_15@yahoo.co.in ) : Reliability analysis of networks through the enumeration of minimal cut-sets. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(2), 1-19.

This paper is devoted entirely to solving network reliability in operations research using cut-set enumeration with link and node failures. The example of this type network is transport network in which the capacity of an edge can be thought of as the maximal amount of some commodity (such as water, gas, electric energy, number of cars, bits of information, etc.) that can be transported from station one to an other station. An efficient method for deducing the minimal cut-sets of a system subject to both link and node failures from the minimal cut-sets of the system, which assumes perfect node reliability; is presented. The proposed method is requiring for enumeration of minimal cut-sets for both link and node failures because this method is not allowed for the additional consideration of link failure. In this paper, we shall see how network-flow problems can be solved with unreliable nodes using minimal cuts or paths.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

016555   Bhattacharyya S;Mazumdar A P;Banerjee I; Sanyal G (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Institute of Technology Univ, The Burdwan Univ, Burdwan, Email: souvik.bha@gmail.com) : Text steganography using formatting character spacing. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2010, 13(2), 20-33.

In recent years, everything is trending toward digitization and with the rapid development of the Internet technologies, digital media needs to be transmitted conveniently over the network. Attacks, misuse or unauthorized access of information is of great concern today which makes the protecuon of documents through digital media a priority problem. This urges us to devise new data hiding techniques to protect and secure the data of vital significance. In this respect, steganography often comes to the fore as a tool for hiding information. Steganography is a process that involves hiding a message in an appropriate carrier like text, image or audio. It is of Greek origin and means "covered or hidden writing". The goal of steganography is covert communication. Here the carrier can be sent to a receiver without any one except the authenticated receiver only knows existence of the information. Considerable amount of work has been carried out by different researchers on steganography. In this work the authors propose a novel text based steganographic method for biding information. This approach uses the space between an English word and a formatting character like comma (,), full-stop (.), colon (:), semi-colon (;), quotation-mark (") etc. As a further improvement of security level, the information has been the information has been compressed and encrypted and then finally embedded into an innocuous cover text to form the stego text with minimum degradation. At the receiving end the opposite processes should run to get the back the original secret message.

8 illus, 22 ref

015438   Maheswari K;Punithavalli M (NO, SNR Sons College, Coimbatore, Email: maheswarisnr@gmail.com) : Design and implementation of multipath routing approach for secured and reliable data delivery in VoIP. Int J appl Engng Res Dindigul 2011, 2(2), 482-94.

Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a technology used to carry voice signals in the Internet Protocol networks. It is essential to secure data in IP network. The traffic is dispersed in many paths to provide simultaneous routing to achieve more delivery of data. A new approach is designed to secure data in a multipath environment. Addresses the security mechanisms of VoIP in a multipath environment using modified secret sharing algorithm. It is implemented in NS2 network simulator. The results shown are better performance in the work.

^iia16 illus, 17 ref

015437   Bagchi T P (NO, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721 302, Email: bagchi@vgsom.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Risks in software development with imperfect testing. Opsearch 2011, 48(1), 65-72.

This study analytically assesses the statistical risk of releasing defective software that cannot be exhaustively tested, and of needlessly testing defect-free software. Specifically, it quantifies the probability of committing Type I (a) and Type II errors (β) in software development when one may release software that still is faulty or do needless testing since the test methods themselves may not be perfect. The study uses Truncated-Poisson and geometric distributed path lengths and Bernoulli-type inspection errors to link a and (3 to software design features, the development philosophies employed, and certain aspects that include code quality, cyclomatic complexity and the average length of basis paths. For risk reduction this study finds quantitative justification for raising test coverage, perfecting the test methods, the adoption of recent innovations and programming methods such as component-based design, SOA and XP as ways to raise the likelihood that the product developed will be fault free. Results are relatively robust with respect to the probability distributions assumed.

5 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

015436   Abhilesh Kumar;Srivastava A K (Computer Div, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, MIG Marg, Lucknow-226 001, Email: abhishek_kumar@cdri.res.in) : Designing and developing secure protocol for mobile voting. Int J appl Engng Res Dindigul 2011, 2(2), 522-3.

In recent years, a drastic fall down is being noticed in the Indian general election's voting turnaround. Problem is becoming serious with the non-availability of a way to let voters cast votes who are residing outside their election-areas. The remote voting procedure for NRI's and Indian army is also not showing significant improvement. Somewhere the issues lie in ease of usage and somewhat lack of trust of current voting procedure. Tries to solve this issue with the design and development of mobile voting protocol which is not only very easy to use but is also robust, secure and trusted. Authors have focused on designing a secure and globally trusted protocol to enable Indian citizens (or any other country's citizens who follows this protocol) to cast vote in their respective country's election via their GSM Mobile Phones from anywhere in the globe irrespective of their physical location. Apart from this, the motive of author is also to extend the usage of information technology to a scheme of Green-Election (Paperless election), addresses the issues of voting-problem in remote, disturb and sensible areas, and to suit the requirement of today's generation who, due to several problems, usually finds it difficult to go for manual vote casting.

5 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

014289   Veluchandhar;Kandavel K;Malini S (Computer Science Dep, SJC, Trichy, Email: rajakandiyenphd@gmail.com) : Performance evaluation of multi-layered security architecture for wireless LANS in the corporate network. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2010, 4(1), 4-10.

The wireless LANs are gaining popularity day by day in the corporate environment. The main obstacle in implementation of wireless LANs is the security concern of the corporate as the wireless media is considered to be inherently insecure. Most of the existing architectures are not designed by keeping the corporate in mind, so corporate face a lot of challenges in setting up a secure wireless LAN. In this paper we propose a Multi-Layered Security architecture, which provides a comprehensive security between the wired corporate network and roaming wireless clients. The proposed model has been implemented on a test environment and evaluates the performance effect of different TCP and UDP packet size distributions on secure wireless architecture.

10 illus, 14 ref

014288   Thorat P P;Banerjee P (NO, National Physical Laboratory (NPLI) Council of Scientific and Industri, New Delhi-110 012, Email: pranuthorat@gmail.com) : Use of teleclock service to synchronize computer clock. MAPAN 2011, 26(2), 91-6.

NPLI has started an innovative time service via telephone network in the name of Teleclock service. This service can be accessed by using the Teleclock Receiver which has been developed by NPLI. These receivers utilize landline telephone or mobile network depending on the type of receivers. This service can be used to synchronize the real time clock (RTC) of a computer also. NPLI has developed software for this purpose. NPLI has already demonstrated the utility of this software. This paper describes the hardware that is required for this application and explains the basic algorithm of the software.

5 illus, 10 ref

013092   Singh A K;Ghrera S P;Tyagi V;Agrawal A (NO, Jaypee Information Technology Univ, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh) : Biometrics Recognition:an overview. Indian Sci Cruiser 2010, 24(5), 26-31.

Biometrics is becoming an essential component of effective person identification solutions because biometric identifiers cannot be shared or misplaced, and they intrinsically represent the individual's bodily identity. Recognition of a person by their body, then linking that body to an externally established "identity", forms a very powerful tool of identity management with tremendous potential consequences, both positive and negative. Consequently, biometrics is not only a fascinating pattern recognition research problem but, if carefully used, is an enabling technology with the potential to make our society safer, reduce fraud and provide user convenience. In this paper, a brief overview of biometric system, Comparison of Biometric Technologies and different application of the systems is given.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

013091   Saxena A;Gurmit Singh (NO, Computer Science & Communication (A.A.I-D.U, Allahabad)) : Multirelational association rule-mining study using node extention algorithm. Prog Agric 2010, 10(2), 312-17.

A study on concept of association rules was performed for handling multinational data and various strategies for multinational data mining by using the concept of the extended node graph which can be used for analyzing multinational association rule. The main emphasis is laid on development of fast mining algorithms.

7 ref

013090   Dhakad S S;Akashe S;Sharma S (NO, Institute of Technology and Management, Gwalior, Email: dhakad9926689660@gmail.com) : Cache leakage:a leakage aware cache simulator. Int J Comp Applic 2010, 5(2), 119-27.

Submicron technologies, limiting the growing on-chip power consumption in memories is a major challenge for SoC designers. Accurate modeling of power, early in the design stage is thus crucial for system level power estimation. Presents an enhanced cache memory simulator that models leakage reduction techniques such as the dual-V_t, dual-T_ax, NC-SRAM, and gated-V_dd techniques which can be applied to the SRAM cell structure to reduce the overall leakage power. We also examine the power/speed trade-offs associated with each leakage reduction technique, at the system level using a cycle-accurate processor simulator. Cache Leakage thus helps in choosing the right memory con_gurations. Simulation results show a trade-off between power and performance and we see upto 60% reduction in leakage power, at low performance overhead.

5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

013089   Bhat A (NO, BITS Pilani, Pilani-333031, Email: bhatanil@gmail.com) : Blog popularity and activity on social media:an exploratory research. Indian J Market 2012, 42(5), 10-18.

4 illus, 8 tables, 28 ref

011932   Luhach A K;Jitender Kumar;Natasha (Information Technology Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: luhach@live.com.au) : ERP implementation: a centralizing framework. Dronacharya Res J 2011, 3(2), 66-9.

ERP implementation is a socio-technical challenge that requires a fundamentally different outlook from technologically-driven innovation, and will depend on a balanced perspective where the organisation as a total system is considered. ERP implementation is considered to rely on behavioural processes and actions. This paper proposes an integrative framework for ERP implementation based on an extensive review of the factors and the essential elements that contribute to success in the context of ERP implementation.

20 ref

011931   Kishore Kumar;Agrawal P C;Agrawal D C (National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communication & IT, Government of India, New Delhi, Email: kkumar@nic.in) : Application of information technology in entrepreneurship. H R J Mgmt 2012, 5(1), 1-4.

India is a vast county with total geographical area of 329 Million hectares, with a population of more than one billion, around 16% of the global population. India has been predominantly on agriculture based economy and even today; about 65% of the population is dependent on agriculture. Agriculture is a vita! sector for rural economy as it provides not only food security of the country but also provides raw materials to agro based industries. For effective management of the major components of socio economic development. Information Technology can play a vital role at Micro and Macro level. In the present paper, a strategy has been proposed to enhance the application of Information Technology at grass root level involving farmers, NGO's participation. This process will enhance the employment, purchasing power and standard of the livings and ultimately will lead significantly in reduction of poverty.

2 tables, 5 ref

011930   Bharti V;Prasad B M K (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, NIMS Univ, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: mevishalbharti@yahoo.com) : Throughput enhancement in IPSec of IPv6. Dronacharya Res J 2011, 3(2), 26-32.

The problem of exhausted addressing space is solved in addition to several improvements are also offered by the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) over current Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) in diverse fields such as routing concepts, flows and traffic control, the neighbor discovery, mobile IPv6 and the network security architecture. For providing the backward compatibility transition mechanisms, such as dual stacks and the 6bone were also offered. One of the major feature offered by IP next generation (IPng) was the obligatory IPSec. IPSec is provided by attaching the headers such as Authentication Header and/or Encryption Security Payload Header. By attaching these headers Data integrity, Data confidentiality and Data origin authentication is guaranteed. Thus for sensitive data IPSec is a must feature. One of privileged feature of IPSec is that being applied at the IP layer of TCP/IP it automatically provides security to the upper layers of suite and sometimes even to IP layer also which depends on the mode of IPSec. This paper discusses the concept of IPng and its security feature and also suggests the technique for the improvement of performance of the IPSec by splitting the Security Policy Database used for the implementation of IPSec and then an analysis of the effect of this split on the performance is discussed.

7 illus, 13 ref

010829   Pandey A C;Mishra A;Kumar S S;Singh B P (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, East Singhbhum Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Email: acpandey10@hotmail.com) : MCU sot - a decision support system to estimate the monthly consumptive use with minimum meteorological observations. Ecol Envir Conserv 2010, 16(1), 71-5.

To estimate the monthly consumptive use for a particular crop in a particular region is a cumbersome process and several equations have been developed so far. To calculate the total irrigation water requirement for a particular crop period requires the information of consumptive use/potential evapo-transpiration, crop Coefficient, effective rainfall and the overall expected irrigation efficiency. To ease the calculation of consumptive use with minimum data set to predict several thing, as total water requirement for a particular crop, number of irrigation required, irrigation scheduling, in-situ and ex-situ water conservation or harvesting practices or size of structures etc, the Lowry Johnson method has been selected and a small Decision Support System named as MCV.soft has been made in the computer language Visual Basic 6.0. The DSS requires only the mean monthly temperature to get monthly Consumptive use/ Potential Evapo-transpiration and to predict water requirement per hectare for any field crop, Crop coefficient, Effective rainfall and Expected overall irrigation efficiency. This DSS has been monitored with several data sets and found theoretically correct and ready to help for the researchers.

13 illus, 2 ref

009726   Dhumane P B;Bora S P (Computer Science Dep, Sardar Patel Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur, Email: pdhumane@rediffmail.com ) : Software testing : a tool of software engineering an empirical study. SPM-JAR 2012, 1(1), 109-14.

Software testing is any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program or system and determining that it meets its required results. Although crucial to software quality and widely deployed by programmers and testers, software testing still remains an art, due to limited understanding of the principles of software. The difficulty in software testing stems from the complexity of software: we cannot completely test a program with moderate complexity. Testing is more than just debugging. The purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification and validation, or reliability estimation. Testing can be used as a generic metric as well. Correctness testing and reliability testing are two major areas of testing. Software testing is a trade-off between budget, time and quality.

10 ref

008587   Park S;An D U (Advanced Graduate Education Center of Jeonbuk for Electronics and Info, , South Korea) : Automatic E-mail classification using dynamic category hierarchy and semantic features. IETE Tech Rev 2010, 27(6), 478-92.

The explosive increase in the use of e-mails has produced a large amount of information, and caused a problem in that many spam or regular e-mails with the same or similar contents are duplicated over and over day-to-day. We often group e-mails into categories in order to maintain e-mails efficiently. However, reading the e-mail messages and classifying them is still a tedious task. Moreover, the number of e-mails and its manual classification is increasing every day. So, e-mail users are demanding methods that can classify e-mails more and more efficiently. In this paper, we propose an e-mail multicategory classification and e-mail message reorganization method using semantic features and a dynamic category hierarchy reconstruction method. The proposed method in this paper classifies multicategory e-mails automatically and supports keyword and directory search methods in the classified results so that a large volume of e-mails can be managed efficiently. In addition, we used an interactive dynamic category hierarchy reconstruction method in which the user reorªganizes all e-mail messages into categories and thus enhances the efficiency of directory searches.

11 illus, 9 tables, 37 ref

008586   Ahmed I;Lhee K S;Shin H;Hong M P (Digital Caccine and Internet Immune System Lab, Graduate School of Inf, Ajou University, South Korea) : Content-based file-type identification using cosine similarity and a divide-and-conquer approach. IETE Tech Rev 2010, 27(6), 465-77.

Identifying the file type (TXT, EXE, JPEG, etc.) is important for computer security applications such as comªputer forensics, steganalysis, and antivirus programs. The common approach for this is to use file extenªsions, magic numbers, or other header information. However, these are susceptible to tampering or corªruption; for instance, the file extension can be easily spoofed and the magic numbers can be obfuscated. A more reliable approach may be to analyze the file content instead of using only the tip of the information (metadata). This paper proposes two methods based on the file content. First, we use the cosine distance as a similarity metric when comparing the file content rather than the Mahalanobis distance that is popular and has been used by the other related approaches. The cosine similarity (unlike the Mahalanobis distance) retains the classification accuracy on a small number of highly frequent byte patterns which leads to a smaller model size and faster detection rate. Second, we decompose the identification procedure into two steps by taking the divide and conquer: in the first step, the similar files in terms of byte pattern frequencies are grouped into several clusters. In the next step, the cluster which contains different file types is fed to the neural network in order for finer classification. The experiments showed that the classification followed by clustering leads to higher accuracies.

10 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

007405   Sharma S;Goyal D P;Tyagi V (NO, JSPM, Eniac Institute of Computer Applications, Wagholi, Pune, Email: dr.vipin.tyagi@gmail.com) : e-learning challenges: are we ready?. Indian Sci Cruiser 2010, 24(4), 57-61.

To revise and transform traditional teaching and learning models and practices evolved in the past decade e-Learning is answer. It is a concept derived from the use of information and communication technologies. In today's global society, e-learning may provide a lot of useful features in a wide range of learning and teaching situations. This evolution has resulted from the emergence of the information society and has greatly impacted on the global economic and socio-cultural development. However, researchers in the field still argue that the development of e-Learning has not been tested by time and is still in its infancy. This has resulted into continued research in the e-Learning field generating numerous implementation strategies, a scope that requires identifying and understanding. This paper explores factors affecting implementation of E-learning and challenges of E-learning.

^ssc1 table, 16 ref

007404   Duari K (ICAS, Manipal Univ, Karnataka) : Computer application in coating failure. Indian Sci Cruiser 2010, 24(4), 22-5.

Out of the several types of coating failures, blistering is one of the most important one. A flowchart is constructed showing the different kinds of blistering and their detection and prevention technique. After this a C++ program is made converting the same flowchart into a programming format.

005235   Saha K;Misra I S (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, Govt. College of Engg. & Ceramic Technology, West Bengal, Kolkata, Email: klpnsh@gmail.com) : Adaptive call admission control protocol for cellular networks. Adv Wireless Mobile Commun 2009, 2(1), 21-8.

Call Admission Control (CAC) protocol in mobile cellular networks is an important issue for Cellular Service Providers (CSP) to meet the ever increasing demand of bandwidth by the cutting edge mobile network applications like data, voice, MMS, online gaming, picture broadcasting etc. with scarce radio resource. This necessitates utilizing the last bit of bandwidth purchased and the development of highly efficient, CAC protocols to handle very high surge of call rates despite of limited available bandwidth. Our new CAC protocol is based on categorization of calls into different call classes, revenue, preemption of non-prioritized active calls to admit prioritized new or handoff calls. This protocol also implements a call waiting threshold, which indicates the maximum allowable limit to hold a requesting call in a buffer until either the admission request is granted or the call is dropped. Performance evaluation is made through the simulation and results show minimum new and handoff call blocking probability, call dropping probability with maximum call completion probability and channel utilization.

4 illus, 11 ref

005234   Hamsavath P N (NO, School of Computer and System Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi-67, Email: naikphd@gmail.com) : Power management in mobile ad-hoc networks. Adv Wireless Mobile Commun 2009, 2(1), 11-20.

A cluster in a MANET is a group of computers (or) nodes, which work together as one computer. The concept of dividing the geographical region to be covered into small zones has been presented implicitly as clustering in the literature. In fact, clustering provides a convenient framework for the development of important features such as node separation among clusters, channel access, routing, power control, and virtual circuit support bandwidth allocation. The entire population of nodes is grouped into clusters. Data communication in wireless mobile networks is challenging issue due to dynamic topologies, bandwidth constraints; power constrains operation, and limited physical security. Accessing remote data is challenging task in mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Two problems have to be solved: (1) How to learn about available data in the networks; and (2) How to access desired data even when the original copy of the data is unreachable. A group of mobile nodes collectively host a set of data to improve data accessibility for all members of the group. They exchange data availability information by broadcasting advertising (ad) messages to the group using an adaptive sending rate policy. The ad messages are used by other nodes to derive a local data lookup table, and to reduce data redundancy within a connected group. In a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), many nodes are either battery operated or otherwise power-constrained. Due to slow advancement in battery technology, battery power continues to be constrained resource and so power management in wireless networks remains a necessary mechanism. Because nowadays, most of the mobile devices are equipped with low power batteries, it could be impossible for a mobile device to sustain for a long time if it send and receive data more often like in the wired network. The entire research is mainly focusing on accessing remote data, power management, efficient routing, and Location management in MANET.

10 ref

004094   Subbarayan A (Computer Application Dep, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603203, Email: subbarayan1948@gmail.com) : Analytical and simulation approaches to analyze fuzzy and classical queues. Int J agric statist Sci 2011, 7(2), 401-7.

The purpose of this paper is to combine the ability of fuzzy sets to represent practical situations with the well established queuing formulae. By the use of α-cuts, M/F/1 queue has been considered and reduced to a family of M/G/1 queues with different α-level sets and solved in closed form with ease. Similarly, for the F/FA system the α-cut approach has been used to reduce it into a family of F/G/1 and G/G/1 systems of queues and various aspects have been discussed. It is shown further that this approach can utilize the advantages of both the fuzzy and probability approaches to make the model more realistic and less restrictive. Trapezoidal fuzzy numbers have been used to obtain some analytical and simulation results and some examples have provided for discussion.

1 table, 12 ref

003098   Sarma N;Nandi S (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Tezpur Univ, Tezpur, Assam, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, India) : Multipath QoS routing with route stability for mobile ad hoc networks. IETE Tech Rev 2010, 27(5), 380.

Multihop wireless networks have emerged recently as an evolution of wireless network technology and are likely to be the integral part of future communication environment. In this context, support for quality of service (QoS) is becoming an inherent necessity rather than an additional feature of the network. This paper presents a route stability-based multipath QoS routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks to support throughput and delay sensitive real-time applications in these networks. We incorporate a hop-by-hop admission control and a soft resource reservation scheme in a route discovery process to ensure QoS assurance to real-time applications. Further, a simple route stability model is utilized during both route discovery and maintenance phases for selecting QoS routes with higher stability. The reliability of the multiple QoS routes is improved through node disjointness and stability properties of the discovered routes. Following an effective QoS violation detection and route maintenance mechanism, the protocol reduces the frequency of route recovery leading to a significant reduction in QoS disruption. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed routing protocol can support higher level of QoS in terms of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, maximum jitter, and overall network throughput.

25 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

003097   Pal S (NO, E-Learning, Sikkim Manipal Univ, Manipal Towers, 14, Old Airport Road, Bangalore-560 008, Email: subhabaha@msn.com) : Model for integrating mobile technology in education management. J Coop Univ Res Ind Enterpr 2011, 3(3-4), 28-35.

Though education sector has seen immense technological advancement, yet the mobile technology is not widely used in the education sector for course delivery in the countries like India. Effective use of mobile technology in education paradigm could bring about better student experience, learning and performance in the examination. This paper proposes a model for integrating mobile technology in the day-to-day education management (including course delivery). The model is proposed to automate processes like attendance registering, testing the student's knowledge and other academic-related activities using mobile technology. Implementation of the model will fetch many benefits like more interactive class-rooms with rapid response from the students and better communication between students & teachers. Synchronous course delivery & testing of the students on the part of the teacher when students are away will be possible through the model. These ultimately will enhance student performance. The model is based on present day mobile technologies like SMS, bulk messaging, SMS Poll and others.

4 illus, 7 ref

003096   Hu Y;Zhao C X;Wang H N (NO, College of Computer Science, Nanjing Univ of Science and Technology (N, 200 Xiaolingwei street, Nanjing-210 094, People's Republic of China) : Automatic pavement crack detection using texture and shape descriptors. IETE Tech Rev 2010, 27(5), 398-405.

Pavement distress detection and analysis is the most important part of automated pavement inspection systems. Due to the circumstances such as complex texture, uneven illumination, and nonuniform background, pavement distress detection is not a simply edge detection process. Over the past 30 years, lots of methods were proposed to detect pavement distresses, especially cracks. In this letter, a novel automatic pavement crack detection approach based on texture analysis and shape descriptors is proposed. Pavement surface is seen as a texture surface, and distresses are defined as inhomogeneities occurring in the texture surface. Six texture features and two translation-invariant shape descriptors were used here as discriminate features against irregular texture and uneven illumination. By using a SVM classifier, all sub-images are classified as crack or non-crack. Final results were obtained after post-processing, which includes segmentation, fake-crack eliminating, and crack-measuring methods. Compared with a traditional edge detector such as a Canny operator, experimental results demonstrated that all cracks are correctly detected by the proposed method, even in a strong texture background or in the surface with uneven illumination.

6 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

003095   Al-Rwais S;Al-Muhtadi J (Centre of Excellence in information Assurance and the College of Compu, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) : Context-aware access control model for pervasive environments. IETE Tech Rev 2010, 27(5), 371-9.

Pervasive environments are dynamically changing environments with enormous amounts of information available for access from anywhere. This paper presents a framework for context-aware access control using threshold cryptography (CAAC-TC) where the administration of access control is distributed between different context services. CAAC-TC encrypts information using threshold cryptography where the private key is split up between the different context conditions which must be captured or realized. The idea here is that not all specified context conditions must be captured, and k captured contexts are enough. The management of access decisions is distributed among the different contexts. In CAAC-TC, multiple encryption layers can be specified where each layer is an encryption scheme of either n-out-of-n or k-out-of-n. Multiple layers simulate the use of an "AND" operator. Some of the main characteristics of CAAC-TC are decentralization, context error tolerance (distributed trust), extensibility, flexibility, and scalability.

7 illus, 17 ref

001947   Zhao Y;Zhuang X;Wang H;Dai Z (School of Automation Engineering, Electronic Science and Technology of China Univ, Chengdu-611 731, China, Email: yijiuzaho@gmail.com) : Sub-nyquist sampling of high-speed repetitive waveforms using compressed sensing. J scient ind Res 2011, 70(2), 118-22.

Study presents a sub-Nyquist sampling model using compressed sensing (CS) as a new signal processing framework to acquire and reconstruct sparse signals. High-speed periodic signals were sampled using low frequency sampling circuit and reconstructed via CS recover algorithm, resulting in a high equivalent sampling frequency. This prototype system is able to capture repetitive waveforms at an equivalent sampling rate of 2.5 GHz while sampling at no more than 50 MHz physically.

6 illus, 14 ref

001946   Sasikala D;Neelaveni R (NO, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: anjansasikala@gmail.com) : Performance analysis of brain image registration technique using fast walsh hadamard transform and modified adaptive polar transform. J scient ind Res 2011, 70(2), 123-8.

This study proposes a medical image registration method using two algorithms [Fast Walsh Hadamard transform (FWHT) and Modified Adaptive Polar transform (MAPT)], which register images of same or different modalities using CT or / and MRI brain images. FWHT gave better results than MAPT. In medical image registration of brain images, FWHT is more reliable for translation and rotation invariant, whereas MAPT is more reliable for scaling and rotation invariant. Hence for registration of brain images using translation and rotation, FWHT can be used, and for registration of brain images using rotation and scaling, MAPT can be used.

5 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

001945   Jeevarathinam R;Thanamani A S (Computer Science Dep, SNR Sons College, Coimbatore-641 006, Email: mani_jeeva_2000@yahoo.com) : Survey on mutation testing methods, fault classifications and automatic test cases generation. J scient ind Res 2011, 70(2), 113-17.

Mutation testing is a fault based testing strategy to measure quality of testing. It measures how good the tests arc by inserting limits into the program under test. This review presents a survey on various mutation testing tools available. Basic concepts and notations of mutation testing are described along with working mechanisms.

43 ref

001944   Biswas U;Maulik U;Mukhopadhyay A;Naskar M K (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Univ of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235, Email: anirban@klyuniv.ac.in) : Multiobjective genetic algorithm based approach to traffic grooming in unidirectional SONET/WDM rings. J Optics 2010, 39(3), 136-42.

Using the process of traffic grooming in optical networks, the whole bandwidth of the optical fibers is utilized by multiplexing and demultiplexing low-speed traffic streams onto high-speed wavelengths. In this article, a multiobjective genetic algorithm based technique for minimizing the cost of unidirectional SONET/WDM optical rings employing traffic grooming is presented. Two major cost components, viz., the number of SONET add/drop multiplexers (SADMs) and the grooming ratio needed for grooming low-speed traffic streams onto highspeed wavelengths have been optimized simultaneously. A well-known multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) has been utilized as the underlying multiobjective optimization tool. The resultant set of near-Pareto-optimal solutions contains a number of non-dominated solutions, which the user can judge relatively and pick up the most promising one according to the problem requirements. Performance of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated on two different network topologies with random traffic requests.

2 tables, 2 illus, 16 ref

000943   Saiedy H;Moezi S D;Noruzi M (Industrial Management Dep, KAR University, Qazvin, Iran, Email: hsaiedy@yahoo.com) : Modeling of capacitated single allocation hub location problems with n-hub center. J scient ind Res 2011, 70(1), 20-4.

Hub location problem is NP-hard problem that frequently applies in design of transportation and distribution systems, postal delivery networks, and airline passenger flows. The study presents modeling of capacitated Single Allocation Hub Location Problem (SAHLP) with two indices in order to get fast model solving.

1 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

000942   Mostofa S M (Library and Information Science Dep, Darul Ihsan University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Email: Sk_mostofa@yahoo.com) : Internet access and use among business students of a private university of Bangladesh: a survey. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2011, 58(1), 79-86.

Examines the use of internet among business students in Darnl Ihsan University, a pioneer private university of Bangladesh. A total of 162 questionnaires were distributed and 137 completed questionnaires were returned. Findings reveal a high percentage of internet use among students. More than 56 percent of the respondents use the internet for educational purposes. The access point for them is mostly the university. Google and Yahoo! search engines are found to be more widely used than other search engines. The major problem faced by the students in their use of the internet includes slow access speed. Recommends that the bandwidth should be increased to overcome the problem of slow connectivity of the university to internet and more computers with latest specifications and multimedia facilities should be provided.

16 tables, 17 ref