021135   Karim M R;Ahmed C F;Jeong B S;Choi H J (Computer Engineering Dep, Kyung Hee Univ, Korea) : Efficient distributed programming model for mining useful patterns in big datasets. IETE Tech Rev 2013, 30(1), 53-63.

Mining combined association rules with correlation and market basket analysis can discover customer's buying purchase rules along with frequently correlated, associated-correlated, and independent patterns synchronously which are extraordinarily useful for making everyday's business decisions. However, due to the main memory bottleneck in single computing system, existing approaches fail to handle big data-sets. Moreover, most of them cannot overcome the screenings and overhead of null transactions; hence, performance degrades drastically. In this paper, considering these limitations, we propose a distributed programming model for mining business-oriented transactional datasets by using an improved MapReduce framework on Hadoop, which overcomes not only the single processor and main memory-based computing, but also highly scalable in terms of increasing database size. Experimental results show that the technique proposed and developed in this paper are feasible for mining big transactional datasets in terms of time and scalability.

5 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

021134   Julie Sharine M E G;Sasikala T (NO, Sathyabama University, Chennai) : Comparative approach on security risk management techniques for software architecture in real time applications. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 213-16.

Risk can be deHned as identification, assessment and prioritization of risks. Architectural risk assessment is a risk management process that identifies flaws in software architecture. Reduction in risk may lead to more secure system development. which may help to improve the quality of the software product .The risks described in architecture are constraints, costs/ quality attributes or requirements and business focus. Constraints may be requirement related constraints, quality requirement related constraints, contextual constraints, and solutionªrelated constraints .Quality attributes are modifiability, flexibility and reusability. Business focus focuses on stakeholders and software organization. For developing a secure system the presence of risk is identified and a systematic and reliable risk management method is applied. Different risk assessment methods for information security systems like Mehari, Magerit etc are existing. In this paper a comparative analysis is made for different risk management methods and a proposal is made which may satisfy the stakeholder as well as for the real time applications.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

021133   Jeyalakshmi K;Jenifer J (PG and Research Computer Science Dep, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Bharathiyar Univ, Coimbatore, Email: jay_lakme@yahoo.com) : Survey of decision-tree method for structured continuous-label classification. Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(2), 47-50.

Structured continuous-label classification is a variety of classification in which the label is continuous in the data, but the goal is to classify data into classes that are a set of predefined ranges and can be organised in a hierarchy. In traditional decision (classification) tree algorithms, categorical (class) variable as the label is assumed. When the label is a continuous variable in the data, two achievable approaches based on existing DT algorithms can be used to handle the situations. For the first approach uses a data discretisation method in the preprocessing stage to convert the continuous label into a class label defined by a finite set of non-overlapping intervals and then applies a DT algorithm. In the second approach using the continuous label directly, simply applies a regression tree algorithm. These approaches have their own drawbacks. In the hierarchy, the ranges at the lower levels are more specific and inherently more difficult to predict, whereas the ranges at the upper levels are less specific and inherently easier to predict. Therefore, both prediction specificity and prediction accuracy must be considered when building a DT from this kind of data. In this survey paper, we survey the classification techniques related to the continuous label. More classification approaches are there in the literature. The main goal of the survey is present an overview of previous classification techniques. Various methods that are written by the different authors are presented in this survey.

^iia26 ref

021132   Jayaprakash A;Kezi Selva Vijila C;Raj Barath S (It Dep, Christian College of Engineering & Technology, Oddanchatram, Email: ja.jprakash100@gmail.com) : Traffic sign recognition techniques using digital image processing: a survey. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 253-9.

Designing smarter vehicles, aiming to minimize the number of driver- based wrong decisions or accidents, which can be faced with during the drive, is one of hot topics of today's automotive technology. In the design of smarter vehicles, several research issues can be addressed; one of which is Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR). In TSR systems, the aim is to remind or warn drivers about the restrictions, dangers or other information imparted by traffic signs, beforehand. Since the existing signs are designed to draw drivers' attention by their colors and shapes, processing of these features is one of the crucial parts in these systems. Traffic Sign Recognition System, having ability of detection and identification of traffic signs even with bad visual artifacts those originate from some weather conditions or other circumstances, is developed.

3 illus, 15 ref

021131   Jacob S S;Kezi Selva Vijila C (Computer Science and Engg. Dep, Christian College of Engg.& Tech., Oddanchatram Dindigul, Email: sumasarajacob@gmail.com) : Secured storage and integrity preservation for user data storage in cloud. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 185-9.

Cloud computing is a new way for organizations or individuals to manage and store data due to its low cost and on demand nature. In traditional organisations user data are under the direct physical, logical and personal controls, whereas in cloud the user data is outsourced to large data centres and the management of those stored data are done by external storages which may not be fully trustworthy. Due to economical reasons, adaptation of cloud computing seems attractive but also have negative on user's data security. This paper focuses on the issue of security that exists in present cloud computing environment. This paper also deals with how to protect the user data from external attacks. The idea is to construct a secured repository, where the user will be notified if the user data is read or modified by an unauthorized user or if it experiences any type of attack on the user data. The propose scheme enables ensures the cloud data integrity and availability.

3 illus, 30 ref

021130   Gunwant H (NO, Prabhu Dhan Degree College, Bhorugram, Rajasthan, Email: harshal.ghunwant@gmail.com) : Future of weather data warehouse: from concept through deisgn. INROADS 2014, 3(1; Spec), 186-91.

Data warehouse is a new generation Decision Support System (DSS) tool [1]. Data warehouse technology has developed up to capacious data having their magnitude in terabytes range or elevated. Data is stored from different meteorological stations situated in Uttarakhand, analyzed or mined and kept in records for future references as well. The purpose of this project is to develop a conceptual model for data warehouse technology in the meteorological research area starting with Uttarakhand. Efficient data storage and manipulation is a prerequisite in the meteorological and climatology domain. Since database technology in metrological field is widely used and can store complex structure of data, the type and quantity are continuously rising with the development of science and technology and the existing systems system can't satisfy the requirement and development. So we propose a performance oriented warehouse model prerequisite in the meteorological and climatology sphere.

2 illus, 11 ref

021129   Desai A B;Vasa J (Silver Oak, College of Engineering and Technology, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: desaiankitb@gmail.com) : Cost-sensitive decision tree induction for feature selection and sequential minimal optimisation for classification: CSattribSelectorC4.5(). Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(2), 58-62.

Feature selection is the important step in overall data mining process. There exist several methods for feature selection. This paper discusses numerous methods of feature selection and their impact on the credit approval dataset. Cost-sensitive feature selection using a decision-tree-based algorithm is proposed (CSattribSelectorC4.5). Sequential minimal optimisation (SMO) is used for classification. The classification results show that the CSattribSelectorC4.5 helps SMO to reduce the overall misclassification cost on the selected dataset.

1 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

021128   Choudhary N;Singh B;Sheikh T (NO, CSESGVU, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: neelamvit@gmail.com) : Challenge and security issues of cloud computing in technical education. INROADS 2014, 3(1; Spec), 197-9.

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the Internet. Cloud services allow individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations. The cloud computing model allows access to information and computer resources from anywhere that a network connection is available. Cloud computing provides a shared pool of resources, including data storage space, networks, computer processing power, and specialized corporate and user applications. In recent days some of the institute of Rajasthan also adapts cloud computing services but author studies that some security problems occur. The aim of author in this paper is to focus security issues of cloud computing in technical education.

1 illus, 9 ref

021127   Chaurasia R K;Mukherji R;Mathur V;Mukherji M D;Mishra R (NO, The ICFAI Univ, Jaipur, Email: chaurasia.rajk@gmail.com ) : Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11b using different modulation schemes with efficient coding schemes. INROADS 2014, 3(1; Spec), 218-20.

Wireless local area network [1] has become most promising and successful technology in recent years. It provides free wireless connectivity between two or more devices by using a wireless communication method. It is also known as Wi-Fi standards: IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a and 802.llg etc. WiMAX is another wireless technology that is used in wireless metropolitan area network and wireless wide area network. WiMAX standards are IEEE 802.16-2004, IEEE 802.16e etc. In this paper we analyzed Bit Error Rate for Wi-Fi and WiMAX standards by using an appropriate coding scheme. Also we compare the coding BER results with non-coding BER results. The MATLAB coding is used to calculate the bit error rate for different extensions of IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16e system model that minimize the number of communication error. Here we have used different modulation schemes [2] and OFDM technique to obtain higher data rate and achieve good BER.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

021126   Chatterjee B C;Sarma N;Sahu P P (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Tezpur Univ, Assam) : Review and performance analysis on routing and wavelength assignment approaches for optical networks. IETE Tech Rev 2013, 30(1), 12-23.

For the past several years, traffic especially, Internet traffic has been increased tremendously and this growth demands for a high-speed communication network such as optical network. Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) is one of the key tasks for the optical network, due to its information transparency and wavelength reuse characteristics. In this paper, we discuss different conventional RWA approaches in the wavelength-routed optical networks and compare them with our proposed Priority-based RWA (PRWA) scheme under wavelength continuity constraint. The performance analysis of different conventional RWA approaches including our PRWA scheme is conducted in terms of blocking probability. Finally, we address a number of research issues that appear to us to be both important and challenging.

9 illus, 5 tables, 50 ref

021125   Bhuvaneshwari R;Archana P;Mahalakshmi S (Information Technology Dep, P.S.R. Rengusumy College of Engineering for WEomen, Sivakasi, Email: bhuvaneshwari@psrr.edu.in) : Secure transmission of sensitive data using system fonts technique. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 239-44.

Mobile phones has become ubiquitous and a general purpose device. SMS is one of the widely used services in mobile phones by the public throughout the world. One of the main issues in today's digitized world regarding communication is information security and privacy. For establishing hidden communication, a variety of methods have been proposed, among which steganography is a relatively new concept. In steganography the data is hidden in a cover media such as picture or text. This paper offers a new method for secret exchange of information through SMS. In mobile phones, two default types of fonts are used: System and Proportional fonts, which have related figures to human visualization and cannot recognized by human eye. The proposed method hides the secret data (0,1) in cover SMS message by changing the fonts of each character by one of those two fonts. After embedding, the Stegomessage will look like an common message but each character drawn in one of these fonts. In extraction side, it must analyze each character font to retrieve secret information. This method has been implemented in J2ME platform and tested on Android OS based mobile phone.

3 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

021124   Bharathi C (IT Dep, Anna University Regional Centre, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: cbharathi26@gmail.com) : User authentication protocol resist against password attacks using android mobile. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 223-8.

Password attacks like password stealing and password reusing causes high vulnerabilities like loss of perceptive information of the user. A protocol which uses the personal device like mobile to reinforce the authentication of password from the adversaries, is get implemented as Opass. By the use of cryptographic algorithms, the authenticated passwords get passed to the mobile and server over the communication channel. Opass generate a one - time password for every login of the authorized user with time durability. Usage of mobile network reduces the risk of eavesdropping and password thefting. One time password acts as the defense mechanism against the password stealing attacks.

9 illus, 9 ref

021123   Bensujin;Vijila C K S;Hubert C (Engineering Dep, Nizwa College of Technology, Nizwa, Oman, Email: bensujin@gmail.com ) : Predicting the risk of myocardial infarction using data mining techniques. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 103-12.

Predicting the heart disease is an intricate task, as it includes the output to be more precise and accurate. Proving an excellent clinical decision with high degree of accuracy in medical field is required to provide better handhold for clinicians. In this paper, a survey is presented on the area of heart attack (Myocardial Infarction) prediction using data mining techniques from the risk factors and ECG. A huge survey is done on the different techniques like artificial neural networks, Association rules, Fuzzy expert systems, Principal Component Analysis, Cellular Automata. Heart Disease (HD) is the foremost cause of death worldwide; the World Health Organization(WHO) estimates that globally 17.3 million people died from Heart Disease in 2008, representing 30% of global deaths. The prediction of heart disease from various inputs and raw data is a multi-layered problem, which is not free from false assumptions. It is essential to extract the valuable information to spot the risk of heart disease. This papers details about an online expert system to identify the presence of heart disease in any human by the use of risk factors. A review is made by considering the risk factor and the ECG data as the input. Risk factors are the life style traits of a human, which influence the occurrence of the heart attack.

1 illus, 27 ref

021122   Benel Prakash P;Kezi Selva Vijila C;Raj Barath S (BSNK, , Oddanchatram, Email: benel+prakash@bsnl.co.in) : Video streaming techniques and principles: a survey. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 245-52.

Traditional networking techniques have been adapted to address the needs of internet-based video delivery. The stringent timing and relatively high bandwidth requirements of video traffic are taxing on bestª effort networks and many video specific protocols and delivery methods have emerged over time in an attempt litigate network limitations. Video quality is directly tied to the underlying networks' ability to deliver data time for playout. Efforts to realize video streaming over Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) meet many challenges, which are addressed by different techniques. In the highly dynamic and unpredictable environment MANETs, cross-layer mechanisms seem to be the most suitable for optimising video streaming.

1 illus, 15 ref

021121   Bahteja A;Pal S K;Shailender Kumar (AIACT&R, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ, Delhi, Email: aditibhateja89@gmail.com) : Comparative study of multimodal biometric authentication system. INROADS 2014, 3(1; Spec), 89-93.

This paper explores biometric features that are suitable for mobile devices in terms of ease of registration, data processing capability for matching, hardware support, accuracy level, etc. and suggests improvement of verification and authentication by combining together two biometric techniques. For owner verification, possible user friendly combinations are finger based signature (shape, pressure, velocity) on the touch screen along with fingerprint, gait along with fingerprint and voice along with breath/body odour. For authentication applications, fingerprint along with iris seems to be the most secure combination and can be customized for a smart phone. Other suitable options are voice along with fingerprint, activity detection along with fingerprint and face along with voice (both biometric features can be registered almost simultaneously, particularly with the available multi-core hardware support).

2 illus, 10 ref

021120   Atig Y;Amine A;Zahaf A;Senthil Kumar A V (NO, National School of Computer Science (ESI), Algiers, Algeria, Email: y_atig@esi.dz) : Alignment evolution between ontologies using a change log. Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(2), 81-7.

As ontologies, alignments are not cast in stone once for all. In particular, when ontologies evolve, it is necessary to evolve alignments accordingly. This evolution is fruitful because the alignments are expensive and rare source due to their manual creation. Moreover, it does not exist until now an alignment method able to generate a reliable alignment. This paper presents an approach for alignments evolution. We study the impact of the ontological changes over alignment to determine its compatibility with evolved ontology. We transform the ontological change into alignment, which will be composed with the original alignment to generate the new alignment.

4 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

021119   Aswathy M S (NO, T J Institute of Technology, Karappakam, Chennai, Email: mailaswathyms@gmai.com) : Removal of packet loss and many-to-one / one-to-one congestion control in TCP. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(2), 557-63.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Congestion Control techniques are a field where many researches are going on. Although there are different proposals, no effective methods exist for the prevention of packet loss in many to one scenario in networks. When many synchronized servers send data to the same receiver in parallel, the probability of occurring congestion is high. This kind of traffic pattern is common in many important applications where high bandwidth and low latency is a must. Hence TCP congestion may severely affect the performance of these kind of applications, e.g., by reducing throughput or by increasing response time. Unlike the related previous approaches, in this paper idea is to design an effective receive window adjustment scheme which avoids packet loss for different kinds of applications. In this paper the idea is to achieve high throughput and no packet loss.

2 illus, 5 ref

021118   Arun P M;John De Britto C;Puthiyaraj G; Ganesh Kumar M;Saradha Devi A (EEE Dep, kalasadingan Institute of Technology, Krishnankoil, Email: er.arunpm@hotmail,com) : Foreground face detection in three dimensional using embedded SOC platform. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 197-204.

In this proposed method of Face Detection System (FDS), car security purposes is mainly concentrated. In this, embedded Soc platform is used to initialize the process of FDS by PIR temperature sensor.FDS (Face Detection System) is used to detect the face of the driver and compare it with the predefined face in 3-Dimensional to give more accurate results. FDS obtains images by one tiny web camera which can be hidden easily in somewhere in the car. The face detection system bases on optimized Ada Boost algorithm and can detect faces in cars during the period in which nobody should be in the car.FDS compares the obtained image with the predefined images. If the image doesn't match, then the information is sent to the owner through MMS. So now owner can obtain the image of the unknown person in his mobile as well as he can trace the exact location of the car through GPS, which is connected with the embedded control unit.

4 illus, 13 ref

021117   Antony S P;Somasundaram S K (CSE Dep, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu) : Confidence information extraction by providing wrappers using relational database. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 205-11.

Information Extraction (IE) has been an active research area that seeks techniques to uncover information from a large collection of text. In existing system their approach for the evaluation of PI'QL queries involves the use of IR engine as well as RDBMS. The role of the IR engine in query is to select sentences based on the lexical features defined in PI'QL queries, and only the subset of sentences retrieved by the IR engine are considered for the evaluation of the conditions specified in the PI'QL queries by RDBMS. In our proposed system a high level extraction query language called Parse Tree Query Language (PrQL) is used. PI'QL is an extension of the linguistic query language (LPath) that allows queries to be performed not only on the constituent trees but also the syntactic links between words on linkages. Wrapper in data mining is a program that extracts content of a particular information source and translates it into a relational form. Here wrappers help with the provision of better confidence in Information Extraction underlying the system. The problems involved includes the PI'QL inability to compute statistics across multiple extractions such as taking redundancy into ac~ount for boosting the confi.dence of an extracted fact. In proposed work, our approach leads to the development of the support of other parsers by providing Saxon wrappers. They can be stored in PTDB and queried using PI'QL. We will expand the capabilities of PI'QL, such as the support of regular expression and the utilization of redundancy to compute confidence of the extracted information.

2 illus, 7 ref

021116   Aloni S (NO, DMCE, Airoli Maharashtra, Email: sukhada.aloni@gmail.com) : Content based image retrieval based on semantics, colour and texture features. INROADS 2014, 3(1; Spec), 208-13.

Progress in digital imaging techniques in the recent past fuelled by the increase in World Wide Web has escorted its way in many professional fields exploiting the opportunities to access and manipulate remotely-stored images in many propagating ways. However this has resulted in large and varied image datasels, from which the process of locating a desired image is not only difficult aod time consuming but cao be a source of frostratioo for the users. This problem of image retrieval has now been widely recognized, and thus has become an increasingly active area for research. This paper proposes a hybrid image retrieval method combining test based aod content based image retrieval techniques. The proposed method employs the use pyramid-structured wavelet transform for calculatioo of the image features aod fuzzy logic system for categorizatioo of the image into different categories for faster retrieval.

14 illus, 11 ref

021115   Ahsan T;Jabid T;Chong U P (NO, School of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan Univ, Ulsan, South Korea) : Facial expression recognition using local transitional pattern on gabor filtered facial images. IETE Tech Rev 2013, 30(1), 47-52.

Automatic facial expression analysis plays a major role in catching emotional state of a human being and can be effectively used in the field of human-computer interaction. Using an effective facial feature is the most critical part for a successful facial expression recognition system. This paper proposes a novel approach in pursuit of recognizing facial expression where facial feature is represented by a hybrid of Gabor wavelet transform of an image and local transitional patterncode. Expression images are classified into prototype expressions via support vector machine with different kernels. Experimental results using Cohn-Kanade expression database is compared with other methods to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach which successfully identifies more than 95% of facial expressions correctly.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

021114   Abisha K;Subetha N;Dharani Manoharan B (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Oddanchatram) : Improved secure data sharing using jar in cloud. Int J Comp Applic 2013, 8(2), 313-17.

Based on the user demand the services can be easily consumed over the Internet by means of cloud computing. User data will be processed normally in unknown remote machines i.e. users do not own that machine so users fears that their data may lost inorder to overcome that problem, this paper propose decentralized information accountability framework which will keep track of the actual usage of the users' data in the cloud and also automatic logging mechanism with users' data and policies will be handled in addition to this. This paper are providing JAR that can be created dynamic to ensure that when users' data is accessed it will trigger authentication and automated logging local to the JARs. To improve user's control, we used auditing mechanisms. Inorder to improve security the user data can be encrypted before converting in to JAR .The security constraints are implemented inorder to keep our data in a secure manner.

7 ref

020074   Yenduri S;Vanam S;Reddy Kontham K;Boler C C (NO, School of Computing, Southern Mississippi Univ, 730 East Beach Boulevard, Long Beach, Mississippi-39560, USA, Email: Sumanth.yenduri@usm.edu) : Auto-testing AJAX-based web applications. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2013, 4(2), 96-8.

Asynchronous JAVASCRIPT and XML (AJAX)-based web applications (web apps) are different from traditional applications as they rely on stateful asynchronous communication and runtime manipulation of the DOM (document object model) tree. In this paper, author try to validate a method proposed by Mesbah et al. (2012) for testing AJAX applications automatically using two case studies. Also try to identify AJAX-specific errors. The goal is to replicate their experiment on two different web applications and comment on the performance of their approach. Used Crawljax' (designed by Mesbah et al. to create a state-flow graph. First, checked the DOM validity for every state and, second, checked the navigation of the states. Finally, presented the results from the case studies.

1 illus, 4 ref

020073   Yadav S;Gupta K;Yadav A S (NO, SRM Univ, NCR Campus, Ghaziabad-201 204, Email: shashank.it43@gmail.com) : Design and load balancing of a novel routing protocol for UWSN. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2013, 2(2), 17-24.

Beautiful and mystical ocean remains one of the most unexplored and inaccessible regions on earth. Underwater sensor networks are envisioned to enable applications for oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, and onshore exploration, disaster prevention. This paper introduces a novel routing protocol for underwater sensor networks and a proposed method for load balancing. Node deployment and Location Identification is also discussed for underwater environment Energy is one of the most important factor for sensors because this is very difficult to change the battery Load balancing is one of the most important issue discussed in this paper.

7 illus, 6 ref

020072   Thapliyal B P;Mathur R M (NO, Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Saharanpur) : Development of IPPTA e-library portal for online access of IPPTA articles and publications: guidelines for accessing the e-library. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 103-6.

IPPTA has developed an exhaustive e-library of the articles published since 1965.By using IPPTA e-library the abstracts of publications can be accessed/searched based on keywords, categories (Pulping, Bleaching, Energy, Raw material, Recycle Fibre, Stock Preparation, Testing, Effluent Treatment etc.), Year of publication, author's name, address and reference etc.The abstracts can be accessed by all whereas the detailed articles in PDF format can be downloaded by IPPTA members after registration in the website. The process for registration in the website and guidelines are presented in this article.

2 illus, ref

020071   Susan S;Sankalp S;Porwal P;Prasanna Kumar; Singh S (Information Technology Dep, Delhi Technological Univ, Bawana Road, Delhi-110 042, Email: seba_406@yahoo.in) : Evaluating the ambiguity of fuzzy clustering with fuzzy entropy. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2013, 4(2), 89-95.

In this paper, author strive to interpret the significance of the solution for the categorisation problem by the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm in terms of the fuzzy membership values obtained by clustering. Used the concept of fuzzy entropy for interpreting the results. A threshold value for fuzzy entropy is computed in this work for labelling sample data as ambiguous or of an uncertain class. Results on images from the Chinese Academy of Sciences- Institute of Automation (CASIA) iris database with features extracted as per Libor Masek's iris segmentation model confirm our argument.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

020070   Sarma T H;Viswanath P;Reddy B E (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Anantapur-515 701, Email: hitendrasarma@ieee.org) : Single pass kernel k-means clustering method. Sadhana 2013, 38(3), 407-19.

In unsupervised classification, kernel k-means clustering method has been shown to perform better than conventional k-means clustering method in identifying non-isotropic clusters in a data set. The space and time requirements of this method are 0(n²), where n is the data set size. Because of this quadratic time complexity, the kernel k-means method is not applicable to work with large data sets. The paper proposes a simple and faster version of the kernel k-means clustering method, called single pass kernel k-means clustering method. The proposed method works as follows. First, a random sample S is selected from the data set D. A partition Π_S is obtained by applying the conventional kernel k-means method on the random sample S. The novelty of the paper is, for each cluster in Π_S, the exact cluster center in the input space is obtained using the gradient descent approach. Finally, each unsampled pattern is assigned to its closest exact cluster center to get a partition of the entire data set. The proposed method needs to scan the data set only once and it is much faster than the conventional kernel k-means method. The time complexity of this method is O (s² + t + nk) where s is the size of the random sample S, k is the number of clusters required, and t is the time taken by the gradient descent method (to find exact cluster centers). The space complexity of the method is O(s²). The proposed method can be easily implemented and is suitable for large data sets, like those in data mining applications. Experimental results show that, with a small loss of quality, the proposed method can significantly reduce the time taken than the conventional kernel k-means clustering method. The proposed method is also compared with other recent similar methods.

1 illus, 8 tables, 27 ref

020069   Saranya B;Chinnadorai K M (Assistant Professor of Commerce, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: saransambavi@gmail.com) : Customer perception towards internet service providers (ISP) in coimbatore city. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 70-6.

The emergence of internet is one of the hallmarks of the revolution triggered by the networking technology. Computer had its origin in the late 1940s. Originally computers were considered as machines meant exclusively for doing calculations. But now they are being widely used for a number of wide and varied applications, ranging from communicating to each other from remote corners of the world to gathering information, downloading software and even playing games. As the number of networks grew, computer networks located in different places were connected to each other to form larger networks. Computers spread their 'net' across the world and thus emerged the era of the internet. Internet has proved to be the single most significant phenomenon offering never ending opportunities. Several educational institutions, organizations and business houses have established their own sites on the internet. The study highlights the attitude of customers towards internet and their preference towards the choice of internet services. Statistical tools like percentage analysis, chi-square analysis and weighted average score analysis were applied and findings were used to offer suggestions.

6 tables, 14 ref

020068   Sajja P S (Computer Science Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, Email: priti@pritisajja.info) : Intelligent web content filtering through neuro-fuzzy approach. Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(1), 33-9.

Presents a brief introduction on web mining techniques. It establishes the need for an intelligent, customised and user-friendly architecture to mine web content in an effective manner. The architecture described in this paper uses co-operative neuro-fuzzy approach to mine and classify web content into five categories using fuzzy user profile and sample training pages. The fuzzy logic component enables vague input to the base neural network and neural network component aids in learning about the user's interest in order to mine the web content effectively. The architecture is generic in nature and can be modified on requirement to mine the content from the given distributed environment.

6 illus, 3 tables, 41 ref

020067   Neeru Bala (NO, Singhania Univ, Singhania Rajasthan, Email: neeru_393@yahoo.com) : Efficient techniques for optimum testing. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2013, 2(2), 37-40.

Software testing gives quality project if proper testing technique is applied. But testing does not gives satisfaction to the customer and programmer that this is a reliable software, even after spending high budget of the software on testing only. With the help of using alternative method of testing the software company will get the high quality software having Reliability, Safety, Confidentiality, Integrity, Maintainability, Reusability, Interpretability, Low cost software and even standard software can be achieved within the time limit.

5 ref

020066   Neeru Bala (NO, Singhania Univ, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, Email: neeru_393@yahoo.com) : Software fault tolerance method using mutation testing. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2013, 2(2), 25-30.

Fault Mitigation method using mutation testing is to avoid system failure. System should function continuously even if the fault is present in the system. In this paper it is shown that fault are masked using N version of programming, fault tolerance technique using N-version programming is a mutation testing technique which provide the system a quality system.

1 illus, 20 ref

020065   Narendra Kumar V V;Wahida Banu R S D (Computer Science Dep, Alluri Institute of Management Sciences, Warangal-506 001, Email: phdvvnk@gmail.com) : Role of business intelligence with support of J2EE or .NET in consumer relation management. Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(1), 1-15.

Consumer relationship management (CRM) identifies the need of maintaining good relations with the consumers in order to increase the profitability of an enterprise. Consumer satisfaction and loyalty is important to retain the consumers. To study consumer satisfaction, initially, consumers were segmented using k-means algorithm. The efficiency of k-means algorithm was improved using scapegoat trees and max heaps. Apriori algorithm was used to find out new buying and selling opportunities. MUSA (multi-criteria satisfaction analysis) method was employed in order to study the effect of consumer satisfaction on the enterprise and it was integrated with rough set theory. Rough set theory was implemented to know the influence of personnel, product, place and physical appearance (4Ps) on customer satisfaction, and finally, using fuzzy logic, customer loyalty was determined. To identify which among the two popular software platforms - J2EE or NET - was useful in building our customised CRM software, a comparative study on J2EE and NET was conducted, and based on the users' opinion, J2EE was identified as the more preferred platform.

12 illus, 11 tables, 13 ref

020064   Kuthiala A;Agarwal A;Gupta A;Jain S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Jaypee Information Technology Univ, Solan-173 215, Email: arpit.kuthiala@gmail.com) : Voltage feedback v/s current feedback operational amplifier using BJT and CMOS. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2013, 2(2), 9-16.

In this process of Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology development, the supply voltage has been decreasing while the transistor threshold voltages do not effectively scale and the inherent gain available from the transistors has been decreasing with downsizing of the transistor gate length. The paper focuses on the Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), Slew Rate, Power dissipation and Power supply on the internal circuitry of the voltage feedback op-amp and current feedback op-amp using BJT and CMOS for the three configurations. For the simulation of circuits we have used PSPICE software. We come to know that the CMRR ratio and the power dissipation for CMOS Op-Amp are much less as compared to BJT Op-Amp. The power supply required for BJT Op-Amp is approximately thrice the supply power required for CMOS Op-Amp. Also for Current feedback Non inverting configuration is best while for voltage feedback, inverting configuration is best because the value of CMRR ratio is the highest.

8 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

020063   Kumar A;Kuldeep B;Panday R K (NO, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Techology Design and Manufacturi, Jabalpur-482 005, Email: anilkdee@gmail.com) : Efficient constrained optimisation method for designing two-channel quadrature mirror filter banks. Indian J ind appl Math 2013, 4(1), 81-7.

In this paper, a constrained optimisation technique is used to design quadrature mirror filter banks with linear phase in frequency domain. A unique method is developed in which the design problem is formulated as a constrained optimisation that minimises the weighted sum of error of transfer function of the filter bank at quadrature frequency, stopband energy, the passband error and measure of ripple of the prototype filter. Numerical examples and comparisons with several existing methods are included to show the performances and the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of reconstruction error, mean square error in passband and mean square error in stopbands.

2 tables, 19 ref

020062   Kait R (Computer Science and Applications Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: rameshkait@kuk.ac.in ) : Security efficiency and performance improvement in wireless communications. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2013, 4(2), 65-74.

One of the recent developments in the world of wireless technology is the use of mobile ad hoc networks, which were initially developed for military applications, but now have been expanded to include many commercial applications. The rapid use of wireless communication networks has resulted in the identification of several problems. Earlier, wireless network protocols did not focus much on the quality of service, but recent applications, like multimedia, have impressed the importance of quality of service in wireless communications and this has become the area of potential interest. The study has been done by comparing various reactive routing protocols.

4 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref

020061   Jaipuneet Singh;Harneet Kaur (NO, Rayat Bahra Institute of Engineering and Nano Technology, Hoshiarpur, Email: jaipuneetsingh@gmail.com) : Cloud computing and survey of PaaS and SaaS providers. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2013, 4(2), 75-82.

With the booming computational world, it is becoming complex. Cloud computing emerged as a new platform for the computation and processing of the data elsewhere. However, there is no standardised definition for cloud computing. People often get confused between distributed and cloud computing. Major companies like Oracle, Amazon and Google have introduced the cloud practically and are using the pay-far-use models, thereby earning billions. Author try to define the cloud and will survey various providers, not to find the similarities and differences, but to help for the better development of the cloud.

3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

020060   Jaarsveldt L C V;Naidoo G (Public Administration and Management Dep, South Africa Univ, South Africa, Email: vjaarlc@unisa.ac.za) : Overview of the development and use of web 2.0 by the South African government. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2013, 2(2), 1-8.

This article indicates that in South Africa the importance of information technology has been recognised as far back as 1995 by then deputy president Thabo Mbeki. Although a number of information technology initiatives and legislation have followed since then it seems that the Web 1.0 generation to share information and text remains today still the most widely used form of communication by the government in South Africa. Web 2.0, the next generation of web use, is growing in popularity amongst citizens in the country however the uptake of Web 2.0 by the government has been slow to date.

64 ref

020059   Chandra Shekar D V;Krishnaiah V V J R;Suresh Babu Y (Computer Science Dep, TJPS College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, Email: chand.info@gmail.com) : Association of data mining and biomedical domain: choosing the best algorithm for analysis. Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(1), 40-6.

Data mining has been used prosperously in the favourably perceived areas, such as e-business, marketing, health domain and retail, because of which it is now applicable in knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). While data mining has become a much-lauded tool in medical-related fields, its role in the healthcare arena is still being explored. Data mining is mainly gaining its importance and usage in the areas of medicine and public health. Currently, most applications of data mining in healthcare can be categorised into two areas: decision support for clinical practice and decision making. In this paper, we studied and analysed the performance of the popular clustering methods like k-mean, Self Organized Maps and EM methods by using the bio medical data extracted from UCI Machine leaning repository. We made a comparative analysis between Entropy based mean (EBM) clustering approach and traditional clustering methods through accuracy, return on investment, reliability, time complexity and fitness. With this paper, we discussed the various issues to explore the strength of the data mining methodology.

9 illus, 8 tables, 14 ref

020058   Baser P;Saini J R (NO, Shri Jairambhai Patel Institute of Business Management and Computer Ap, Gandhinagar-382 007, Email: preeti.dalal@gmail.com) : k-means analysis of nifty companies for an investment perspective. Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(1), 16-22.

In today's competitive financial market, individuals want to earn profit from their investments. Stock market is a public market where an individual can buy/sell a share at some level of risk and earn maximum profit from the investments. There are various data mining techniques available, like classification, association rule mining, clustering and outlier analysis. Clustering is one of the data mining techniques used in various financial domains. The objective of this research paper is to construct clusters of Nifty companies for better investment. This paper shows analysis of Nifty companies using k-means algorithm. The k-means algorithm is one of the famous clustering techniques that generate clusters based on some investment criteria. In this paper, price per earnings ratio was considered as an investment criteria. These clusters guide the investors to invest their funds in different securities.

^iia1 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

020057   Amine A;Hamou R M;Simonet M (GeCoDe Laboratory, Computer Science Dep, Taher Moulay Univ, Saida, Algeria, Email: amine_abd1@yahoo.fr) : Detecting opinions in tweets. Int J Data Mining Emerging Technol 2013, 3(1), 23-32.

Given the incessant growth of documents describing the opinions of different people circulating on the web, including Web 2.0 has made it possible to give an opinion on any product in the net. Examines the various opinions expressed in the tweets and classify them (positive, negative or neutral) by using the emoticons for the Bayesian method and adjectives and adverbs for the Turney's method.

5 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

019034   Sheikh T;Hemrajani N;Bagaria G;Choudhary N (NO, , ) : Automated toll collection using RFID. Res Rev: J embedded syst Applic 2014, 2(1), 1-3.

This paper discusses the Electronic Toll Collection and Radio Freguency Identification Technology (RFIT). This paper focuses on an electronic toll collection (ETC) system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The proposed system eliminates the need for motorists and toll authorities to manually perform ticket payments and toll fee collections, respectively. Data information are also easily exchanged between the motorists and toll authorities, thereby enabling a more efficient toll collection by reducing traffic and eliminating possible human errors.

7 ref

019033   Saxena P;Pathak V;Vinod Kumar (School of Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha Univ, Greater Noida-201 308, Email: mathematics.pratiksha@gmail.com) : Algorithm for animal diet formulation. Anim Nutr Feed Technol 2013, 13(1), 139-46.

Proposes an algorithm based on Non-linear programming and statistical analysis for animal diet formulation. Most important feature of this technique is use of Non-linear programming which overcomes the drawback of linear approximation of objective function. Algorithm is proposed to explore the area of computer programming in the field of animal diet formulation. Outcome of this technique is applied on sample data and provides optimized set of nutrient ingredients to animal which fulfill the nutrient requirement better than the linear programming technique.

^ssc1 table, 24 ref

019032   Nibedita S;Satpathy P P;Swati Kumari;Pathak L K (CSE Dep, Seemanta Engg., Orissa) : Cyber crime: a technical prospective to it and computer application. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2013, 5(1), 131-6.

In the present era of cyber laws, the issues of privacy, data protection and control cyber crimes and crimes assisted by computers, cyber-terrorism, computer forgery and fraud; cyber squatting, intellectual property protection including Digital Rights Management; various Internet regulations coming up time to time; e-commercial ventures; applied cryptography, digital watermarking; online memorandum of understanding between various parties and stake holders; have become open. Cyber crime means any criminal activity in which a computer or network is the source, tool or target or place of crime. The Cambridge English Dictionary defines cyber crimes as crimes committed with the use of computers or relating to computers, especially through internet. Crimes involving use of information or usage of electronic means in furtherance of crime are covered under the scope of cyber crime. Cyber Crimes may be committed against persons, property and government.

3 ref

019031   Arunjay Kumar (CSE Dep, VCE, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh) : Global optimization and marketing techniques for search engine and searching tools. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2013, 5(1), 107-20.

Search engines provides the way to people access and discover knowledge, allowing information about almost any subject to be quickly and easily retrieved within seconds. As increasingly more material becomes available electronically the influence of search engines on our lives will continue to grow. This paper defines what a search engine is and explains how various search engines work. There is a search engine glossary which provides an explanation of the various search methods and an evaluation of some of the bigger search engines on the Internet, With this paper we can analyze the transition of B2C versus B2B to the internet. It provides recommendations for the brand manager to establish a brand presence online, including: search engine optimization, paid search, emails, rich media, sponsorship and banner advertisements. Each of these items is then digressed upon to show how a brand manager would measure the results and associated success of the online branding tools. The paper also describes the process by which Internet search engines, such as "Google" and "Yahoo", search and retrieves information requested by users. The paper explains that the process works on the basis of created indexes and then explain some elements of the indexing system, which are known as a document processor, query processor, search and matching function, and ranking ability. The paper explains how Search Engine has significantly affected previous human activities, pointing out in addition some of the advantages and disadvantages of the Search Engine.

3 illus, 13 ref

019030   Anil Kumar D;Madan H R (NO, , ) : FPGA implementation of SoC deisgn using softcore processor and custom peripherals, custom instruction and robotics and automation. Res Rev: J embedded syst Applic 2013, 1(3), 10-6.

The general definition of SoC is the on-chip integration of a variety of functional h/w blocks to suite a specific product application. In traditional technology designed using on board integration of functional blocks for any application, this leads to less performance. Nowadays productivity gap will be reduce by making compact, life of device and Time to market. So using FPGA demonstrating building of SoC using custom peripherals. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) devices are particularly suitable for parallel algorithms implementation. Soft CPU cores are usually used to create an FPGA-based system-on-chip (SoC). In this case a CPU core controls the work of the circuit and does some random calculations, and the other parts of the circuit are responsible for interfacing and parallel processing. Nios II is the soft-core 32 bit RISC processor by Altera Corporation which can be implemented in a FPGA. Users can design their own peripherals accord, with Avalon Bus specification in Nios II system. Avalon bus is a proprietary bus from Altera. A new design methodology for implementation of pulse width module (PWM) and I2C peripheral is presented, which is coded in Verilog HDL. Accelerate time-critical software algorithms by adding custom instructions to the Nios II instruction set. Designing floating point custom Instruction and executing in hardware and software tools. Comparing and concluding hardware execution instruction takes less clock cycles. Nios II system is used successfully in FPGA, and the CPU's runtime can be saved effectively.

017945   Tandon R;Singh A;Khanna S;Gupta P (EC Dep, MIT, Moradbad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ritikatandon15@gmail.com) : Wireless Communication Networks and Technical challenges. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 25-31.

Presents an overview of wireless networks, with emphasis on the most popular standards: IEEE802.11. The arrival of wireless technology has reduced the human efforts for accessing data at various locations by replacing wired infrastructure with wireless infrastructure and also providing access to devices having mobility. Since wireless devices need to be small and bandwidth constrained, some of the key challenges in wireless networks are Signal fading, mobility, data rate enhancements, minimizing size and cost, user security and (Quality of service) QoS.

3 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

017944   Souley B;Umoh N M (Mathematical Science Programme, ATBU, Bauchi, Email: bsouley2001@yahoo.com) : Reliability levels of some selected software produced by Nigerian companies (case studies of glomosoft, X-bios systems, micro bits...). Int J pure appl Sci Technol 2013, 18(1), 26-35.

Software reliability is a major factor in software quality and is the index by which users judge particular software. Software reliability to the users is the ability of the software to perform its perceived function without fail. It therefore must be determined in all software projects of importance. Some software reliability models were reviewed and the Jelinski-Moranda model was chosen which was considered the most appropriate for the intended software tool (i.e RelSoft). Some software houses were visited and failure data collected, formatted and analyzed. The least square method was used to determine some parameters such as Et (i.e. total error) and K, the proportionality constant. These parameters were used as input to design Relsoft tool which was then used in determining the reliability levels of the selected software produced by Nigerian software companies. The result obtained from RelSoft, showed that nine out of the ten selected software have reliability levels ranging from 0.507 to 0.825, except one which has a reliability level of 0.425. Other reliability indicators such as failure rate and Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) were also calculated using RelSoft. The software reliability is measured on a scale ranging from zero to one (i.e. 0 to 1). However, for life-critical application the reliability must be in the region of 0.999 for it to be considered to be reliable.

4 tables, 11 ref

017943   Sharma V;Agnihotri H C (NO, , CSE Dep, VNS Institute of Technology, Email: sharma.vivek95@yahoo.in) : Data hiding in encrypted image by DWT. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(12), 42-7.

Steganography is the skill of hiding the existence of data in other transmission medium to attain secret communication. It does not restore cryptography but quite boost the security using its obscurity features. Authers have proposed a Steganography technique in this paper. Biometric characteristic used to apply steganography in images. Here important data is implanted within image which will give an outstanding secure location for data hiding. Different steps of data hiding can be applied by cropping an image interactively. With the help of cropping an improved security than hiding data without cropping the whole image, so cropped region works as a key at decoding region. So with this object oriented steganography we track area of given images with the higher security and satisfactory PSNR. Modern steganography goal is to keep its mere presence undetectable. Encoding and decoding process for the conversion of original image to stego image and vice versa can be implemented using BASE 64 algorithmic strategies.

9 illus, 8 ref

017942   Sharma R K;Abhaya Swarup (NO, VNS Insitute of Management, Bhopal, Email: rajeshsharma.vnsim@gmail.com) : Challenges and strategies in IT industry in the global perspective. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2013, 2(3), 267-71.

This article meticulously presents the major challenges before the Indian IT industry in the present scenario. It throws light on the opportunities available for the Indian IT industry and how the Indian IT companies can take the advantage to compete globally with the help of various strategies. The I.T. industry's contribution to the Indian GDP has increased from 1.4% in 1989-1999 to 3% in 2003-2004. The different companies in India contribute to the export revenue and they have been ranked on the basis of their contribution which is revealed from the table no 1. The Indian I.T. industry includes hardware, peripherals, networking, training, domestic and export market for software and services and BPO. Indian software and services industry global delivery model neared towards offshore outsourcing expected to account for Rs 33,000 crore in 2003-2004, onsite services will touch 22,500 crore in same period. This is revealed from the table no. 2 that reveals the data for the onsite and offshore exports. In 2003-2004, total revenues of the Indian software and services industry were US$15. 9 billion, with domestic revenues of US$ 3.4 billion which are expected to grow to US$ 20.5 billion and US$ 4.2 billion respectively. In 2003-2004 the total value of software and services export grew at 30.5% with revenues of $ 12. 5 billion or Rs 55,500 crore accounting for an increase of 20.4% over the previous year which are expected to grow to 30-32% in exports enhancing revenues to reach US$ 16.3 billion. The table no. 3 provides the information about it. The I. T. and electronics exports registered a growth of 22% showing exports of Rs 63,200 crore in 2003-2004. The Indian I.T. industry's has been constantly increasing the European share in total software and services exports. Indian companies are trying to explore Japan, Germany, France and Asia Pacific. India's share in the world software and service market was just 1.82% in 2001-2002, 2.09% in 2002-2003 which increased to 2.4% in 2003-2004. Information technology enabled services accounted for Rs. 16,380 crore showing a growth of 45%. Hardware exports grew by 37.5% reaching Rs. 7,700 crores and software and services accounted for Rs. 55,500 crore expots. Share of I.T. in the total Indian exports is 21.3% accounting for 2.64% of the GDP which is projected to grow to 7% of GDP and 35% of exports by 2008. Government estimates that by time exports potential would be of the range of $57-$65 billion accounting to 6% share of the global market.

9 ref

017941   Sao P (Gyan Vihar School of Engineering and Technology, SGVU, , Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: priyankasao2010@gmail.com) : An alternate design for Wireless Sensor Network Node Processor. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(1), 86-92.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a new and very challenging research field for embedded system design automation, as their design must enforce stringent constraints in terms of power and cost. WSN node devices have until now been designed using off-the-shelf low-power microcontroller units (MCUs), even if their power dissipation is still an issue and hinders the wide-spreading of this new technology. In this paper, we propose a new architectural model for WSN nodes (and its complete design-flow in synthesizable VHDL). Our approach combines hardware specialization and dividing the ALU operation in MSB and LSB unit operations at the same clock cycle thereby reducing the latency of processor and also a low-power solution for WSN node processor design.

6 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref