021165   Shinde J R;Salankar S (NO, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Email: shindejitesh@gmail.com ) : VLSI implementation of neural network. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2015, 4(3), 515-24.

This paper proposes a novel approach for an optimal multi-objective optimization for VLSI implementation of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which is area-power-speed efficient and has high degree of accuracy and dynamic range. A VLSI implementation of feed forward neural network in floating point arithmetic IEEE-754 single precision 32 bit format is presented that makes the use of digital weights and digital multiplier based on bit serial architecture. Simulation results with 45 nm & 90 nm tech file on Synopsis Design Vision Tool, Aldec's Active HDL tool, Altera's Quartus tool & MATLAB showed that the bit serial architecture (TYPE III) based multiplier implementation and use of floating point arithmetic (IEEE -754 Single Precision format) in ANN realization may provide a good multi-objective solution for VLSI implementation of ANN.

17 illus, 5 tables, 25 ref

021164   Giri K;Gokhale P (NO, Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank), Mumbai, Maharashtra, Email: kaushal.giri@eximbankindia.in) : Developing a banking service ontology using Protege, an open source software. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2015, 62(4), 281-5.

Computers have transformed from single isolated devices to entry points into a worldwide network of information exchange. Consequently, support in the exchange of data, information, and knowledge is becoming the key issue in computer technology today. The increasing volume of data available on the Web makes information retrieval a tedious and difficult task. Researchers are now exploring the possibility of creating a semantic web, in which meaning is made explicit, allowing machines to process and integrate web resources intelligently. The vision of the semantic web introduces the next generation of the Web by establishing a layer of machine-understandable data. The success of the semantic web depends on the easy creation, integration and use of semantic data, which will depend on web ontology. The faceted approach towards analyzing and representing knowledge given by S R Ranganathan would be useful in this regard. Ontology development in different fields is one such area where this approach given by Ranganathan could be applied. This paper presents a case of developing ontology for the field of banking.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

020169   Venkatesan V P;Kuppuswami S (Computer Science Dep, Ramanujan School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kalapet, Pondicherry Univ, Pondicherry) : Aspect-based language library model for multilingual software. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 173-90.

Globalization drives the software developers to give a new face to the software through multilingualization. So multilingual software developments put under the lime light and it got support from academic institutions and software development organizations as either commercial or research projects. Like in traditional software development, models are observed in multilingual software development. They are wrapper, monolithic, multilingual library and language library. These models help the developers to understand prior to software development and apply it for the software development. We analyzed the language components of these models using design space approach. Clearly, it shows that there are numerous alternatives of a language component due to the language aspects which are demanded by the stake holders of multilingual software. This introduces the design complexity in the multilingual software development. Also, these alternatives reduce the non-functional qualities like modifiability, reusability and understandability. We propose a new model for multilingual software which is represented using algebraic structure. This is achieved by separating the language aspects and constructing the language component using the separated aspects. Our model overcomes the limitations of the existing models and also achieves the non-functional qualities of multilingual software.

12 illus, 30 ref

020168   Tripathi S;Jain A K (NO, , ) : Comparative performance analysis of inter-domain routing in integrated UMTS and WLAN ad hoc networks with CBR conversational traffic class on various routing protocols. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(3), 21-34.

Integration of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Ad Hoc Networks is to increase services for mobile host and improve coverage of UMTS Networks. Inter-Domain routing is new challenge for Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc Networks due to multiple base stations and gateways. This paper presents a comparative performance analysis for Inter-domain routing in Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc Networks with symmetric Constant-Bit-Rate (CBR) Conversational Traffic Class on BellmanBGPv4, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPv2) and RIPv2BGPv4 routing protocols.

020167   Toufiq R;Islam M R (NO, , ) : Literature survey of hand geometry- based verification system. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(1), 35-42.

In security system, identification and verification are the immense important activities to access information or data in coming decade. In recent year, password is not a sufficient key to protect the vital information from unauthorized person or organization. So it becomes vital threaten for coming years to develop a system where biometric identification and verification must be introduced. Hand geometry recognition system is one of the biometric identification systems that have been developed in the recent past. Hand geometry has been used in a system for its ease of use. There are some limitations because of the uniqueness of the hand geometry. In recognition system, feature of hand has been rarely used. In verification system, basically hand geometry; figure geometry and palm geometry has been used to extract the different characteristic of human hand. Here a complete literature survey is presented for hand geometry-based verification system which will be helpful for further research development of this area.

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020166   Thakur A;Panigrahi S C;Sahoo G (Computer Science Dep, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi) : Performance enhancement by splitting SPD used in IPSec of IPng. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 133-46.

Security is an important issue for the transmission of sensitive data. IP Sec is the ultimate solution for this, as it provides seamless security to all the upper layers and allows both fine grained and coarse grained security controls. However, the constraint associated with the IPSec is the degrade in the performance due to extra processing, like database creation and data retrieval, required during the packet transmission. In this paper we present a technique that splits the Security Policy Database (SPD) which maintains the information about the policies during the implementation of IPSec. This improves the space complexity of SPD just by removing redundant entries whenever there are more than one security policies associated with a Security Association Bundle (SA Bundle) defined by one host. The splitting of SPD subsequently improves the performance of the data retrieval during packet transmission at a faster rate.

3 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

020165   Taywade S A;Raut R D;Dethe C G (NO, , ) : EEG data compression using communication techniques for PMS. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(3), 1-6.

Compression of EEG (Biological) is an important issue as concern to the telemedicine area. Many of researchers have carried out the work in this domain but still the area provides an ample space for research. This research aims to develop algorithm for the compression of EEG data. In this research the constructive communication modules are used to compress the EEG data. Thirty two channels are used to load the real time EEG data. The different communication modules like transforming, filtering and coding are used to compress the data. The different evaluation performance parameters such as compression ratio (CR), percent root mean square difference (PRD), percent root mean square difference normalized (PRDN), signal to noise ratio (SNR), quality score etc. are obtained. Experimental results demonstrated that the quality of the constructed signal is like the original one at a low PRD, thereby obtaining better compression results compared to compression results obtained using different scheme mentioned.

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020164   Sumathi P;Punithavalli M (Computer Applications Dep, PSG College of Arts & Science Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Secure protocol for efficient BPEL data exchange. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 165-72.

The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) is a language to orchestrate web services into a single business process. This paper provides how BPEL can be efficiently used for citizen applying fora new water connection. It needs protocols to achieve worldwide interoperability among web services. Non-repudiation is a serious security issue in business transactions, where any involved party denies having participated in the transaction. This paper presents a proposed secure protocol for the transactions that occurs between various servers when a citizen applies a new water connection. The secure protocol (SP) fulfills the requirements of security in the e-governance applications.

3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

020163   Singh P;Bansal K L (NO, , ) : Comparative study of internet protocols. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(3), 1-6.

The Internet protocol is the bond that holds together modern computer networks. The Internet protocol specifies the way how messages are sent from one computer to another computer. Due to the shortage of IPv4 address spaces the newer version of IP called IPv6 also referred as IP-The next generation (IPng) has to be implemented. IPv6 is designed to enhance and ultimately replace IPv4. The Internet engineering task force issued the basic IPv6 protocol in 1998 to resolve the address limitations of IPv4. This paper focuses on what IPv4 and IPv6 are. After studying various features of IPv4 and IPv6, this paper highlighted some of their essential features. The main objective of this research paper is to compare IPv4 and IPv6 based on different parameters as IP functions, concepts, and the use of IP addresses in Internet protocols between IPv4 and IPv6.

020162   Sharma S;Vashisth S (NO, , ) : Entropy analysis based differential evolution approach for emotion classification for EEG. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(3), 15-22.

Electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing is having its significance in various applications related to the emotion recognition and classification. The behavior monitoring, behavior class identification, emotion class identification are the major aspects for classification of EEG signal. In this paper, a feature adaptive differential evolution (DE) approach is defined to perform emotion classification. In this work, we used discrete wavelet transform (DWT), for extracting the statistical features from the EEG signal for classifying the emotions. The signal features are obtained in the form of entropy value, mean value and standard deviation analysis. The experimentation is applied on different trained and testing sets. DE approach has been used to give the accuracy up to 85%. The results showed that the effective analytical results are derived from the model.

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020161   Selvam K;Poorna B (Computer Applications Dep, Dr. M.G.R. Univ, Chennai) : Image enhancement through pixel components. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 149-56.

This is an image enhancement process approach for digital image processing. This will fine tune the process of enhancing the image, though it is already treated through sharpening and smoothening. This approach is distinctly different from existing image enhancement algorithms and analysis. The input considered is any digitalized image with/of it's complete boundaries. This input is screened in horizontal or vertical manner, i.e. the input cannot be screened for its gradient or slant or inclined pixels. The methodology we use for enhancement is, the pixels are considered as it's segments i.e. Pixel (1-4) is S₁, → P₁, P₂, P₃, P₄, and similarly the very next segment pixel (5-8) is S₂ → P₅,P₆, P₇, P₈. Both of its test segments S₁ and S₂ are considered from it's same row or column and it is being explained in case 1. And the segments may other ways be considered by its Square/Two dimensional Pixel Segments of 2x2 (or) 3x3 (or) 4x4 (or) etc.. This process will equalize/normalize the pixels' intensity and also reconstructs the pixels which are neighbored and dropped out, or eliminates the pixels which are not to be there at the smooth matching of currently compared segments S₁ and S₂. The segment size S₁ S₂ 5₃ 5₄,... etc., is a variable from 2 to Maximum pixel-M and the selection of minimum P increases the quality of enhancement.

11 illus, 14 ref

020160   Sayeed A;Saha A;Islam M R (NO, , ) : Gait based person identification using Kohonen self-organizing mapping technique. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(2), 1-6.

Though gait recognition system has some special security features, it. has some limitations like viewing angle variation, slow or fast walk and carrying a bag etc. This paper has an advantage of removing these limitations by using gait energy image with Kohonen self-organizing mapping technique. This model proposes the method that is developed by Partial least square (PLS) used for features selection and singular value decomposition (SVD) used for dimensionality reduction. In existing robust view transformation model (RVTM), the current state can achieve over 80% recognition rate under the conditions where the training and testing data are in similar fashions. But the system performance has been decreased with the change of clothing, shoe, bag, surface and illumination, pose and viewing angles. In RVTM, the average recognition rate under different viewing angles proposed by Shuai Zheng et al. is 51% using the CASIA gait dataset B. In this proposed thesis work, Kohonen self-organizing mapping neural network based model has been used to enhance the performance under various adverse environmental conditions. Experimental results and performance analysis show the results of the proposed system with different viewing angles where the average identification rate has been increased up to 55%.

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020159   Satyanarayana N;Gupta S N;Babu G R (NO, BA Continum India Private Limited Mindspace, Hitech City, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Goal programming model for crashing decisions in project networks. Int J mathl Sci 2015, 14(1-2), 29-37.

Generally, Project managers aim to schedule project completion time in such a way that total cost of project is minimized. Managers often face the problem of making project decisions that involve a large number of interrelated activities (planning, scheduling etc.), multiple conflicting objectives subject to multiple criteria. This goal can change a little in different models, if there is a pre decided budget in a project. The goal is to find the greatest reduction in project completion time using this specified budget. Hiring more workers or using extra resources can decrease duration of an activity. These problems often arise in areas such as product development, production planning and control and setting up of production facilities. One important aspect of project management is activity crashing, i.e. reducing activity time by adding more resources such as workers, overtime and so on. It is important to decide the optimal crash plan to complete the project within the desired time period. This paper deals with a multi criteria model to solve construction network project problem, considering multiple options in order to arrive at the overall best decision.

2 tables, 9 ref

020158   Sahu R K;Thakare V V (NO, , ) : Optimization of symmetric linear phase low pass FIR filter using genetic algorithm. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(2), 9-14.

In the proposed paper, optimization of symmetric linear phase low pass Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter using Genetic Algorithm GA is a computational optimization technique; which optimizes the Mean Square Error (MSE) and filter coefficients with the help of fitness function. The optimize results are compared with two different filter designing analysis (FDA) methods viz. least square method and equiripple method.

020157   Rao R;Thakur J (NO, , ) : Coordinated checkpointing algorithms: a comparative analysis. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(3), 14-20.

In distributed system collection of independent computers appear to the users as a single computer. The property of fault tolerance is that it enables a system to continue operating properly if the failure occurs in the event of some of the components. Minimum process coordinated checkpointing is an appropriate approach to initiate fault tolerance in mobile distributed systems. Checkpoint-based rollback recovery restores the system state to the most recent reliable set of set of Checkpoints whenever a failure occurs. Checkpointing can be coordinated, uncoordinated and quasi-synchronous. Coordinated checkpoint process coordinates their checkpoints to form a system-wide consistent state. The approach is domino-free. Coordinated checkpointing can be blocking and nonblocking. Either of all the processes in the distributed system may need to checkpoint or only processes may be required to a minimum number of checkpoint. Reducing the number of processes to checkpoint may introduce blocking. The nonblocking checkpointing set of rules introduce overhead of piggybacking a few information for nonintrusiveness. The Performance analysis of two algorithms based on three parameters viz. packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and bytes overhead is done by implementing in Network simulator-2. The comparative results are shown in graphs and it is devised that algo of Awasthi is better than Kumar's algo in terms of all the parameters taken.

020156   Rahman B;Islam M R (NO, , ) : Working principles and performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 and sensor S-MAC. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(3), 39-47.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices which use large amount of energy, consuming battery-powered sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. Medium access control (MAC) protocols play a big role to reduce energy consumption in WSN. Designing power-efficient MAC protocol prolongs the life time of the network, can consume little power, and avoid collisions from interfering nodes. MAC protocol use scheduler to check if the MAC layer needs to perform any tasks. Contention-based MAC protocols relax time synchronization requirements and can easily adjust to the topology changes. IEEE 802.11 and S-MAC are two contention-based MAC protocols. In this paper, after describing working principles and limitations of IEEE 802.11 and S-MAC we discuss their energy efficiency and then run a simulation by NS-2 simulator with different number of nodes to compare the throughputs given by IEEE802.11 and S-MAC.

020155   Pandey S K;Mustafa K;Ahson S I;Rehman S (Computer Science Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central Univ), New Delhi) : Security assurance by best SRE practices. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 141-7.

It is well recognized by the research community that security should not be an afterthought. Moreover it should be integrated in the development life cycle, 'right from the beginning'. Requirements are the foundation stone of any software, on which entire software is built. This paper focuses on Secure Requirements Engineering as one of the key activities that can tremendously improve the security of a software system. A selection of the best practices for performing secure requirements engineering activity in the conceptual phase of SDLC is proposed.

2 illus, 26 ref

020154   Panat A R;Ingole V T (NO, PRMIT & Research, SGB Amravati Univ,) : Analysis of affective speech for attitude prediction of speaker: Experimental study and design. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 199-209.

It is a known fact, many times addressed to by the forensic researchers, that the behavioural attitude and reaction of a person can be predicted from his speech. With this referential motivation the authors have presented the experimental work carried out to under stand psycho-physical behaviour of the workers in working conditions. Rigorous experimentation and statistical analysis was carried out to analyze the short reactive oral speech samples of the worker, in live working environment in industries, for emotion recognition and its influence on the immediate following expected physical behavior. The authors have successfully established correlation between four types of apparently predictable behavioral attitudes viz. aggression, normal, defensive and caring and the nine emotions viz. Dreadful (E1), Cheerful (E2), Calm (E3), Amorous (E4), Might (E5), Disgusting (E6), Fear (E7), Pathos (E8), and Surprise (E9). This speaker based dynamics has been used for developing robust and precise automatic emotion recognition and attitude prediction agent. This study is found helpful in forensic application, crime prevention management and fatigue prevention techniques.

9 illus, 6 tables, 28 ref

020153   Mishra B P;Pratihari H N;Das P (NO, , ) : Embedding dual watermark in the G-channel image using DCT and 2-D Walsh code. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(2), 27-34.

This paper uses two dimensional Walsh coding for blind twofold watermarking algorithm which mixes robust copyright watermark and authentication information into various color images to maintain the copyright ownership of the host images. First watermark i.e. fingerprint image is embedded in the DCT low frequency coefficients of the G-channel image of host image where as the second watermark i.e. mobile phone number is embedded in the DCT block of G-channel image by modifying the low frequency band, excluding the DC components. During the decoding process the primary fingerprint image is used as authentication matching for extraction of mobile phone number. The new algorithm uses extra security by the use of biometric authentication process of decoding. The two dimensional Walsh coding and decoding is used to maintain the robustness. The new algorithm produces more similarity structure index measure (SSIM) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values. Various JPEG quality factors with and without Walsh coding are tested below which watermark can be recovered. The algorithm was successfully tested on a variety of 512X512 colour images and also verified against various attacks through StirMark attacks and their NC values.

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020152   Mishra B P;Pratihari H N;Das P (NO, , ) : Robust color image watermarking using biometric protection and image authentication key. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(2), 15-23.

In recent days, it becomes difficult to provide protection to color images which were captured by modern capturing devices. This paper presents a novel work on copyright protection by providing authentication process for extraction of watermark of color still images. New blind frequency domain non-correlation based watermarking algorithm using one dimensional Walsh coding technique is introduced to improve the robustness. The developed algorithms do not required the original image for extraction. The biometric protection system and image identification key was introduced as two watermarks for embedding where image authentication key is used as authorization to recover biometric fingerprint image. The equivalent binary value of watermarks are first encoded through Walsh code and then embedded in the low frequency coefficients of DCT of the host image. During the process of extraction, image authentication key is required to decode the biometric fingerprint image. Based on the quality measurement criteria (PSNR and SSIM), the scheme was tested to measure the fidelity of the watermarking image and tested against JPEG compression. Result was also evaluated by using StirMark tools for different attacks.

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020151   Lenka S K;Nayak S;Nayak S S (Computer Engineering Dep, AITAM, JNT Univ, Tekkali, Andhra Pradesh) : New perspectives of soft computing and fourier transform in industrial applications. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 157-64.

Popularity of the soft computing is extensively used for many industrial applications as well as for the solution of real world complex problems in recent years. The basic components of soft computing are fuzzy logic, neural networks, machine learning, genetic algorithm, evolutionary computing and rough sets. After a brief overview of soft computing components, we will analyze the hybrid form of intelligence. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the new perspectives of soft computing in Fourier transform for Industrial Applications. Recently very intensive research in this area has been recorded. This paper aims at reviewing many recent papers related to this area of study used for industrial engineering and management. This paper covers basics of soft computing and hybrid intelligence and its integration components. We briefly discuss the soft computing with the Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform, and Discrete Fourier Transform focusing in the development of intelligent schemes for various industrial applications. We will particularly try to find out suitable areas of application for different combinations of intelligent techniques.

38 ref

020150   Khandelwal D D (NO, , ) : Computation of IIR filter coefficient using genetic algorithm. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(2), 24-6.

In the proposed paper the filter coefficients of the infinite impulse response filter is estimated by using genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is a computational optimization technique which optimizes fitness function. The paper find the optimum coefficient of the Infinite impulse response filter and compare it to the filter coefficient obtain after conversion of analog filter into digital infinite impulse response filter. It is found that the coefficients obtain after genetic algorithm are more optimal.

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020149   Kaurav S;Kushwah R S (NO, , ) : Survey on heterogenous network. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(3), 23-8.

A heterogeneous system is a system uniting PCs and different devices with distinctive working frameworks or conventions. Heterogenous network provides proper connectivity and continuous data transfer between different network technologies. With the increased use of mobile wireless network, a lot of problems are being faced in combining more wireless networks. In this paper we present a survey on hetrogenous network discussing issues related to heterogenous seamless mobile connectivity and availability for horizontal and vertical handoff system. Proefficient handoff means better quality of service and experience. Also a brief study of different researchers has been presented.

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020148   Katoch S;Thakur J (NO, , ) : Quantitative analysis of static load balancing algorithms in cloud computing environment. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(1), 6-13.

Cloud computing is an emerging internet-based technology emphasizing commercial computing. Cloud is a platform providing dynamic pool of resources and virtualization. It is based on pay-as-u-go model. The reliability of clouds depends on the way it handle loads, to overcome such problems clouds must be featured with the load balancing mechanism. Load balancing is required as we do not want one centralized server's performance to be degraded. Load balancing is categorized to be either static or dynamic. The main purpose of this paper is to implement and compare the round robin, randomized, central manager and threshold static load balancing algorithms through the simulation environment provided by the cloud analyst simulator.

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020147   Kanaujia R K;Kaul A;Nath R (NO, , ) : Palm print recognition based on PCA and ITS variants. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(3), 7-14.

In present era, automatic personal recognition is a serious problem that needs to be overcome properly. Palm print recognition is one of the most reliable and successful biometric solutions due to its numerous advantages such as stable line features, low resolution imaging, low cost capturing device, being non-intrusive and user friendly. In this article, performance comparisons of palm print recognition techniques based on subspace approaches (PCA, 2DPCA, 2D²PCA) have been presented. The experimental results are evaluated on three benchmark databases (CASIA, Cropped palm images and IIT Delhi) in terms of recognition rate and computation time.

020146   Islam M R;Rahman F (NO, , ) : Multi-modal iris and retina recognition system using discrete hidden Markov model based score fusion technique. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(2), 7-12.

The contribution of this work is to propose a model of multi-modal iris and retina recognition system where Hidden Markov Model based score fusion technique has been used for decision fusion approach. Two different uni-modal techniques such as iris recognition and retina recognition outputs are combined by using baseline reliability ratio based score fusion technique. CASIA iris dataset and DRIVE retinal dataset have been used to acquire the iris and retina images for the proposed system. Effective image pre-processing techniques have been used to process the iris and retina images. Reliability of each uni-modal i.e., iris or retina has been measured from the output of Hidden Markov Model classifier. The reliabilities of these two uni-modal systems are integrated to find out the final result. Experimental results' performance analysis shows the versatility of the proposed iris and retina recognition based multi-modal system over each uni-modal system.

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020145   Islam M R (NO, , ) : Retina recognition system using wavelet based neural network algorithm. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(2), 35-9.

This paper presents an approach of wavelet feature-based retina recognition system using back-propagation learning neural network algorithm. After acquiring the retinal image, at first vessels were segmented from the image. Then the feature extraction was carried out by analyzing the segmented retinal image using multiresolution analysis through the wavelet-based approach. Then extracted features were fed to the back-propagation learning neural network algorithm to create the learned template which was used for mapping with the unknown retina image. Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE) retinal dataset has been used to measure the performance of the proposed system.

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020144   Hossain F (NO, , ) : Enhanced secure cloud computing with DNA encryption based strong authentication methodology for resources in ICT world. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2015, 5(3), 7-13.

This paper proposes a model for demonstrating a powerful security strategy in cloud computing via "DNA Encryption Security Mechanism" as "Strong Authentication Method" for resources in information and communications technology (ICT) world. DNA encryption security mechanism-a suitable biological technique-can be exploited as an "authentication method" by adopting identification of the data fragments in its unique sequence for securing data inside bacteria in the form of DNA code. The algorithm of the DNA encryption methodology is responsible for the identification of data fragments and maintaining the sequence to merge them in original form. This entire reconciliation requires a specific formula which will guarantee strong authentication by the proposed model.

020143   Govindarajan M;Chandrasekaran R M (CSE Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar) : Support vector machine with polynomial kernel based on intrusion detection data. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 107-12.

Text Mining is around applying knowledge discovery techniques to unstructured text is termed knowledge discovery in text(KDT), or Text data mining or Text Mining. This paper describes a proposed support vector classifier that performs cross validation for original support vector classifier with polynomial kernel. In order to improve the optimization of classification accuracy. The feasibility the benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated by means of data set like intrusion detection in computer networks. It is shown that, the accuracy with proposed support vector machine was in average around 28.2 % greater than with the original support vector machine with polynomial kernel. This algorithm is independent of specify data sets so that many ideas and solutions can be transferred to other classifier paradigms.

5 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

020142   Goen A (NO, , ) : Hand grasp recognition and classification of prehensile surface EMG signals. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(3), 29-38.

Myoelectric control signals are commonly used as a convenient solution of prosthesis control for the disabled persons or amputees. Surface EMG signal being noninvasive is easy to acquire and is commonly used in prosthetic devices. Myoelectric control system is the fundamental component of modern prostheses, which uses the myoelectric signals from an individual's muscles to control the prosthesis movements. In this paper data collected from several subjects using four surface electrodes has been used for grasp recognition. Six different (four types) grasps were used for pattern recognition or classification. Feature sets were extracted in temporal and spectral domain. The error rate was calculated for each of the wavelets using both the classifiers. The WPT feature gave the error rate equal to <60> 5% for sym5 using MkNN classifier. The dataset being small, hence leave-one-out cross validation method was employed for testing. The focus of this work is to optimize the configuration of the classification scheme. The MkNN classifier demonstrated very good classification accuracy of <62>95% resulted into a robust method of grasp recognition with low computational load.

020141   Durairaj M;Meena K (Computer Science Dep, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Application of artificial neural network for predicting fertilization potential of frozen spermatozoa of cattle and buffalo. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 97-106.

In this paper, an optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN), obtained through a, proper selection of the training algorithm, is proposed to predict fertilization potential of animal sperm from in-vitro sperm function tests. The artificial insemination (AI) is one of the most successful reproductive technologies developed to improve reproductive efficiency of farm animals and diary cattle. The percentage of Pre-freeze motility, the assays of sperm function such as acrosome reaction, zona binding ability, in-vitro fertilization, and in vitro embryo production are used to predict fertility in the field. The Artificial Neural Network offer a novel approach to pattern recognition and can be more effective to identify associations than statistical techniques due in part to their ability to recognize highly nonlinear associations. It is believed that artificial neural network approach may be more accurate in the prediction of fertilization potential of sperm, since, in recent years, the ANNs have been successfully applied to a wide variety of clinical and biomedical applications.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

020140   Chaudhuri B B;Das C R;Sen A (Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata) : Phonetic dictionary and grapheme-Phoneme rule based Bangla TTS system. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 125-32.

To develop a high quality Text to Speech synthesizer, the first step is to convert the text into its proper phonetic representation. This can be accomplished by two ways - one way is the generation of complete lexicon of phonetic form of words and the other way is finding all the grapheme to phoneme conversion rules. Unfortunately, neither of the methods alone can be practically implementable. If we want to make an exhaustive dictionary, then huge text corpus should be examined and all possible words have to be converted into phonetic representation and entered in the dictionary. This is a formidable task. On the other hand, rules generally have exceptions and in some language like Bangla, such rules cannot be formulated exhaustively in many situations. So, it is better to combine these two methods, so that an efficient text to phonemic conversion can be attained. This paper describes such a hybrid approach for Bangla Text to Speech Synthesis System. The 'core' unit used here is a formant-based speech synthesizer, which is also described in this article.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

020139   Chandra A P J;Samuel R D S (NO, Research Scholar, F.S.S Research Foundation, S.F. College of Engineeri, Mysore) : Design and analysis of a novel human computer interface for a web-based on-line collaborative remote embedded application. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 113-23.

Competitive enterprises today should be capable of flexible access to optimal resources independent of location. Developments in computer networking and the Internet in the last decade have provided new technologies and new challenges for designing web-based learning environment for embedded applications. The design elements in online learning should facilitate instruction delivery, interaction with assured quality of learning and support for learner. This paper presents the design of a human computer interface for remote access and control of an embedded application. The technology is demonstrated with an embedded board interfaced with a web-server and a user interface is developed using virtual instrumentation tools. The network packets are captured and the remote control operations are analyzed using network protocol analyzer. The system is based on computer virtual instruments, which substitutes the control panel and telematic interfaces that establish the basis for geographical independence between the physical equipment and human operator. It describes the ongoing research in this area exploiting current telematics techniques, which support remote access to real hardware via the internet.

5 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

020138   Barfa V;Narwaria R P (NO, , ) : Incremental partial update strategies over distributed networks. Curr Trends Signal Process 2015, 5(2), 1-8.

This paper presents a partial update adaptive strategies based on incremental techniques. The proposed strategies apply to the problem of linear estimation with less number of computations in a cooperative manner. A partial update technique for updating the LMS filter coefficient is an effective method for reduced computational load and power consumption in adaptive filter implementation. It is promising approach to reducing complexity, potential to improve performance while permits complexity reduction. Partial update techniques are efficient and power having learning mechanics for solving distributed estimation and optimization problem over a wireless network.

ref

020137   Baboo S S;Sivakumar S (School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Novel approach of data mining with on-line analytical processing. Int J Comp Applic 2015, 10(2), 191-8.

On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP) enables analysts, managers and executives to gain insight into data through fast, consistent, interactive access to a wide variety of possible views of information that has been transformed from raw data to reflect the real dimensionality of the enterprise. Analytical model needs to capture the multidimensionality of the underlying data, a task for which multidimensional databases are well situated. Multidimensional OLAP systems can store data in multidimensional arrays on which analytical operations are performed. High performance parallel system can reduce this analysis time. Data cubes are used to perform consolidation queries used in roll-up operations using dimension hierarchies. Precomputed aggregate calculations in a Data cube can provide efficient query processing for OLAP applications. Data is loaded from a relational database into a multidimensional array. We present two different methods, sort-based and hash-based for loading the base cube. Finally we also discuss how data cubes are used for data mining using attribute focusing techniques.

2 tables, 11 ref

019102   Naval S;Laxmi V;Gaur M S;Vinod P (Computer and Science Engineering Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302 017, Email: smita.710@gmail.com) : Efficient block-discriminant identification of packed malware. Sadhana 2015, 40(5), 1435-56.

Advanced persistent attacks, incorporated by sophisticated malware, are on the rise against hosts, user applications and utility software. Modern malware hide their malicious payload by applying packing mechanism. Packing tools instigate code encryption to protect the original malicious payload. Packing is employed in tandem with code obfuscation/encryption/compression to create malware variants. Despite being just a variant of known malware, the packed malware invalidates the traditional signature based malware detection as packing tools create an envelope of packer code around the original base malware. Therefore, unpacking becomes a mandatory phase prior to anti-virus scanning for identifying the known malware hidden behind packing layers. Existing techniques of unpacking solutions increase execution overhead of AV scanners in terms of time. This paper illustrates an easy to use approach which works in two phases to reduce this overhead. The first phase (ESCAPE) discriminates the packed code from the native code (non-packed) by using random block entropy. The second phase (PEAL) validates inferences of ESCAPE by employing bi-classification (packed vs native) model using relevant hex byte features extracted blockwise. The proposed approach is able to shrink the overall execution time of AV scanners by filtering out native samples and avoiding excessive unpacking overhead. Our method has been evaluated against a set consisting of real packed instances of malware and benign programs.

10 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

019101   Kavitha R;Kannan N;Nazneen R;Zubar H A (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Email: neethupiny08@gmail.com) : Cloud computing integrated with testing to ensure quality. J scient ind Res 2016, 75(2), 77-81.

Cloud data is growing popular day by day. Cloud data is one of the continuous explosions of large volume of data that are generated, processed, stored and accessed by applications that handle instantaneously, several concurrent transactions of data. The transition from structured relational data to voluminous unstructured, non-semantic and highly complex data remains a great challenge to data managers, data workers, data analysers to hold and organize cloud data. Creators and analytics are working with it using several upcoming frameworks and technological supports. Test designers and testing squads are also included in this development. Testing big data is one of the biggest challenges faced by organizations because of lack of knowledge on what is to be tested and how much data is to be tested. Hence, the focus is on the testing of big-data deployed in cloud. The data to be tested and the tool to be used are determined. The tool chosen for analysis is Zoho Reports and the testing tool employed is Red Gate's ANTS performance profiler. The data deployment and retrieval are done through the web services.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

019100   Kallimani J S;Srinivasa K G;Eswara Reddy B (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ, Kakinada-533 003, Email: jagadish.k@msrit.edu) : Statistical and analytical study of guided abstractive text summarization. Curr Sci 2016, 110(1), 69-72.

The process of creating condensed version of given text document by collecting only the important information in it is called abstractive summarization. This involves structuring the information into sentences which are simple and easy to understand. This communication presents the analytical study of the process that generates abstractive summary using unified model with attribute based information extraction (IE) rules and class based templates. Classification of the document into several categories is achieved by term frequency/inverse document frequency (TF/IDF) rules. To generate the information intensive summaries, we use templates for sentence generation. The IE rules are designed to address the complexities involved in Indian regional languages. This paper statistically analyses the adaptation of the methodology over multiple Indian languages and many document categories. Comparisons between abstractive and extractive summaries are also presented.

4 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

019099   Kakbaevna T Z;Eglambekovych K C;Anna A; Abuovna K G (NO, Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute 60 Mira St., Pavlodar 140003, Kazakhstan) : Scientific and methodological bases of creating electronic textbooks on biology in the english language. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2015, 12(3), 2747-56.

The article describes the concept of an electronic textbook on Biology in English, developed for the purpose of implementing multilingual education in the secondary schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan with Russian as a language of instruction. The described type of the electronic textbook is a closed one; its advantages over the open type are revealed. The advantages of the electronic textbook compared with a conventional one (paper) are explained, in particular, its didactic possibilities concerning poly-perceptual impact on a student's perception, control over the assimilation of knowledge and skills, interactive process of assimilation and control. Basic methodological principles of the electronic textbook are determined: teaching a subject through the English language; modular and thematic principle of the textbook content; minimizing the theoretical text material, the emphasis on voicing and visualization of the content; technical accessibility for main users - subject teachers and students. The structure of the textbook, which consists of three main components, is presented in detail: presentation, training and supervision. Adobe Flash CS4 is chosen as a lookup programme for the textbook. The programme has wide interactive and animation capabilities that are sufficiently technically available for the main users - subject teachers and students. The article also deals with the problems of translation of biological terminology into English.

21 ref

019098   Jain A;Pardasani K R (Computer Application Dep, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462 003, Email: amita.jain01@gmail.com) : Soft fuzzy model for mining amino acid associations in peptide sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Curr Sci 2016, 110(4), 603-18.

Analysis of biological data plays an important role in medical and bioinformatics industry. However, uncertainty in this biological information is the most unavoidable challenge of this era. The existing algorithms for association rule mining are inadequate to address the issues of uncertainty in the molecular data. Variation in the length of the sequences leads to variation in the degree of relationships among amino acids. Ignorance of the parameters leads to uncertainty due to the dependencies of the objects and their patterns on the parameters. The degree of relationships among various amino acids present in the molecular sequences also depends on the parameters like length ranges and species, etc. In this article, a soft fuzzy set approach has been proposed for mining fuzzy amino acid associations in peptide sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The approach is employed to incorporate the degree of relationships among amino acids present in the peptide sequences. The soft sets are employed to model relationships of amino acids with the parameters like length range, species etc. The amino acid associations and their relationships with various parameters in the peptide sequences of MTBC obtained in the present study will be of great use in developing signatures that will provide better insights into the structures, functions and interactions of proteins.

3 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

019097   Dhiman N K;Deodhare D;Khemani D (NO, Centre for AI & Robotics, Bangalore-560 093, Email: nitinkdhiman@gmail.com ) : Where am I? Creating spatial awareness in unmanned ground robots using SLAM: A survey. Sadhana 2015, 40(5), 1385-1433.

This paper presents a survey of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) algorithms for unmanned ground robots. SLAM is the process of creating a map of the environment, sometimes unknown a priori, while at the same time localizing the robot in the same map. The map could be one of different types i.e.metrical, topological, hybrid or semantic. In this paper, the classification of algorithms is done in three classes: (i) Metric map generating approaches, (ii) Qualitative map generating approaches, and (iii) Hybrid map generating approaches. SLAM algorithms for both static and dynamic environments have been surveyed. The algorithms in each class are further divided based on the techniques used. The survey in this paper presents the current state-of-the-art methods, including important landmark works reported in the literature.

15 illus, 3 tables, 209 ref

018106   Sarathjith M C;Das B S;Wani S P;Sahrawat K L;Gupta A (International crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, , Bamako, BP-320, Email: bsdas@agfe.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Comparison of data mining approaches for estimating soil nutrient contents using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Curr Sci 2016, 110(6), 1031-7.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) operating in wavelength range of 350-2500 nm is emerging as a rapid and non-invasive approach for estimating soil nutrient content. The success of the DRS approach relies on the ability of the data mining algorithms to extract appropriate spectral features while accounting for non-linearity and complexity of the reflectance spectra. There is no comparative assessment of spectral algorithms for estimating nutrient content of Indian soils. We compare the performance of partialleast-squares regression (PLSR), support vectorregression (SVR), discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) and their combinations (DWT-PLSR and DWT-SVR) to estimate soil nutrient content. The DRS models were generated for extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), boron (B), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) content in Vertisols and Alfisols and were compared using residual prediction deviation (RPD) of validation dataset. The best DRS models yielded accurate predictions for P (RPD=2.27), Fe(RPD=2.91) in Vertisols and Fe (RPD=2.43) in Alfisols, while B (RPD=1.63), Zn (RPD=1.49) in Vertisols and K (RPD=1.89), Zn (RPD=1.41) in Alfisols were predicted with moderate accuracy. The DWT-SVR outperformed all other approaches in case of P, K and Fe in Vertisols and P, K and Zn in Alfisols; whereas the PLSR approach was better for B, Zn and Al in Vertisols and B, Fe and Al in Alfisols. The DWT-SVR approach yielded parsimonious DRS models with similar or better prediction accuracy than PLSR approach. Hence, the DWT-SVR may be considered as a suitable data mining approach for estimating soil nutrients in Alfisols and Vertisols of India.

3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

018105   Mukherjee T;Nath A (St. Xavier's College(Autonomous), , Kolkata, Email: ria911.tm@gmail.com) : Issues and challenges in spectrum management in cognitive radio networks. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2016, 5(2), 545-54.

Cognitive radio is a revolutionary technology that allows efficient, adaptable and intelligent use of spectrum without causing interference to the current licensed users. For cognitive radio adaptability, optimal usability and the power to evolve are the major factors that set apart an evolutionary machine. This paper introduces the concept of spectrum and network heterogeneity in case of cognitive radio technology, spectrum management and spectrum sharing techniques. The challenges faced in networking in an cognitive environment is also discussed with some proposed solutions.

12 illus, 35 ref

018104   Chavan S;Hirwani R;Sarwar Alam M;Vidyasagar N;Dash R;Deshpande V (NO, CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products, `Tapovan', NCL Campus, S.No. 113, 114, Pashan, Pune-411 008, Email: sayalee@urdip.res,in) : Designing of CHK1 inhibitors by 3D-QSAR, virtual screening and induced fit docking studies. Curr Sci 2015, 109(12), 2271-7.

Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment as CHK1 is a key mediator in the DNA damage-induced checkpoint network. The structure-baed drug design approach was used to achieve this objective which inculudes the 3D-QSAR studies, where a series of selenophene derivatives to investigate the structural requirements of their inhibitory activity against CHK1 was used for the development of the model. The generated model was precise with r² = 0.95 and q² = 0.68. Furthermore, the study involves the use of structure-based virtual screening of specs database and induced fit docking studies to retrieve potential CHK1 inhibitors.

6 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

018103   Awedh M;Mueen A (NO, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Email: mhawedh,@au.edu.sa) : Teaching computer organization using field programmable gate array: an incremental approach. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2015, 4(1), 5-11.

This paper describes a novel approach to teach computer organization using an incremental approach of working models on FPGA. It presents the design concepts and realization of MIPS-based architecture into the teaching tool. Our new approach has improved the student learning and understanding of the major concepts in computer organization. Our main goal of this study is to compare our method (model) of teaching to the one that was used prior to this study in our institute.

5 illus, 8 tables, 19 ref

018102   Arra A;Chaladi S (ECE Dep, , GITAM University, Email: akhilbright628@gmail.com) : Data transmission through LASERS advanced version of Li-Fi. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2016, 5(2), 542-4.

Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like never before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. Some of the types of internet connections include Wireless, Mobile, Hotspot, Dial up, Broadband, DSL, Cable, Satellite, ISDN etc. These days the usage of Wi-Fi has crossed its boundaries and reached to every nook and corner of the world. There are some serious drawbacks pertaining to the usage of Wi-Fi such as those relating to the speed, limited bandwidth, security and range of its usage. In order to overcome these difficulties we can use the Advanced Version of Li-Fi which is bi-directional, high speed, and fully networked wireless communication, like Wi-Fi, using light.We intend to use "LASERS", in order to produce the Advanced Version of Li-Fi technology where the transfer of information takes place at even higher speeds and reduced losses with an increased amount of bandwidth.

2 illus, 9 ref

018101   Alaghem F;Haghparast M (Computer Engineering Dep, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran, Email: alaghemand_fa@yahoo.com) : Designing and improvement of a new reversible floating point adder. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2016, 5(2), 555-61.

In recent years, reversible logic has been proposed as an emerging technology that can be used in quantum computing, optical computing and nanotechnology. A necessary condition for the reversibility of a computational model is that there should be a unique one-to-one mapping between the inputs and outputs. Conventional gates, however, do not have this capability; thus, reversible gates are designed, and reversible circuits are manufactured by the gates. Measures of quantum cost, the number of constant inputs and the number of garbage outputs are calculated to evaluate the performance of these circuits.In this study, we have decided to design a reversible floating point adder, capable of summing the floating point numbers and minimizing the quantum cost, the number of garbage output and the number of constant input opposed to prior designs.

12 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

018100   Adhiselvam A;Kirubakaran E;Sukumar R (PG Computer Applications Dep, S.T.E.T Women's College, Mannargudi, Tamil Nadu, Email: adhiselvam@yahoo.com) : Study on frequent subgraph mining Algorithms and techniques for software bug localization. Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2015, 8(4), 207-11.

With increasing demand on the study of large amounts of structured data, graph mining has become an active and important subfield in data mining domain. Frequent sub graph mining, graph classification, graph clustering and graphmatching are the common types of graph mining algorithms for graph data. Mining graph data has recently emerged as a promising area in the current research. Software Engineering (SE) graph data is particularly important for the graphdata. SE graph data includes static or dynamic call-graphs. Call-graphs are formed from control flow of programs. Software bug localization is one important application of frequent subgraph mining algorithm in which the structure of the call-graph is studied in order to determine and isolate bugs in the program. This paper deals with survey of generic frequent subgraph mining algorithms and a survey of specific graph mining techniques for software bug localization (or bug detection) application and graph mining methodology. A compareson two generic algorithms such as gSpan and CloseGraph with respect to six factors namely graph representation, subgraph generation, algorithmic approach, frequency evaluation, input, and output has also been made. These two algorithms are most relevant for software bug localization.

1 table, 34 ref

017077   Srikrishna A;Pompapathi M;Srinivasa Rao G (Information Technology Dep, R.V.R. & J.C College of Engineering, ANU, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522 019, Email: atlurisrikrishna@yahoo.com) : Parametric based morphological transformation for contrast enhancement of color images in poor-lighting. Sadhana 2015, 40(2), 395-10.

Objective of contrast operators consists in normalizing the gray levels of the input image for the purpose of avoiding abrupt changes in intensity among different regions. In this paper morphological transformations are used to detect the background in color images characterized by poor lighting. The disadvantage of contrast enhancement as studied in previous contrast enhancement algorithms is over illumination. An efficient algorithm is introduced to tackle the problem of over illumination by controlling the intensities at dark and bright regions of an image and preserve the geometry of the object. Finally the performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through the processing of gray scale images and color images with different backgrounds.

9 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

017076   Santhanakumar M;Christopher Columbus C (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli-627 152, Email: santhanakumar@psncet.ac.in) : Modified frequency based term weighting approach for information retrieval. Int J chem Sci 2016, 14(1), 449-57.

Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is one of the repeatedly used term weighting methods, which assigns weights based on the occurrences of a term in a document. This paper proposes an improved TF-IDF method using multi term occurrences in a document. To achieve the best performance, pre-processing methods such as tokenization, stopword removal and stemming are applied on both user query and document terms. The experimental results of the proposed work are compared with existing term weighting methods such as TF, IDF, TF-IDF and entropy. The proposed method gives better average precision, recall and F-score values than the existing methods.

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref