005158   Rajaraman V (NO, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru) : Grid computing. Resonance 2016, 21(5), 401-15.

A computing grid interconnects resources such as high per-formance computers, scientific databases, and computer-controlled scientific instruments of cooperating organizations each of which is autonomous. It precedes and is quite different from cloud computing, which provides computing resources by vendors to customers on demand. In this article, we describe the grid computing model and enumerate the major differences between grid and cloud computing.

8 ref

004154   Vaidya P;Harinarayana N S (Studies in Library and Information Science Dep, Librarian, Tolani Maritime Institute, Pune and Research Student, Mysor, Mysuru, Email: vidyapraveen@gmail.com) : The role of social tags in web resource discovery: an evaluation of user-generated keywords. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2016, 63(4), 289-97.

Social tags are user generated metadata and play vital role in Information Retrieval (IR) of web resources. This study is an attempt to determine the similarities between social tags extracted from Library Thing and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) for the titles chosen for study by adopting Cosine similarity method. The result shows that social tags and controlled vocabularies are not quite similar due to the free nature of social tags mostly assigned by users whereas controlled vocabularies are attributed by subject experts. In the context of information retrieval and text mining, the Cosine similarity is most commonly adopted method to evaluate the similarity of vectors as it provides an important measurement in terms of degree to know how similar two documents are likely to be in relation to their subject matter. The Library Thing tags and LCSH are represented in vectors to measure Cosine similarity between them.

1 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

004153   Stevanoski G;Kocev I;Achkoski J;Koceski S; Temelkovski B (Military Academy, General Mihailo Apstolski - Skopje, Macedonia, Email: gstevanos@gmail.com) : Implementation of a system for physiological status monitoring by using tectical military networks. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 517-21.

E-health sensors are continuing to become more advanced and more reliable in monitoring the human physiological status. There is a continuous scope for improvement in their implementation in different emergency situations. Military organisations can take an advantage of this technology for applying physiological status monitoring on personnel engaged in military operations. This implementation is driven by continuous enhancements of existing communication equipment that produces more data capable radio networks in military environment. Based on these technologies we are proposing system communication architecture for applying real-time physiological status monitoring for personnel engaged in military operations. To examine the proposed architecture, a laboratory testing was performed. The laboratory work included a definition of military communication equipment, testing the received data with custom developed algorithm based on Markov decision process for automating the medical emergency protocol (MDP-AMEP) and implementation of adequate data protocols for data transmitting. Obtained results showed that physiological status of the military personnel can be successfully monitored by using tactical military network.

4 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

004152   Sridhar R;Sethuraman P;Kashyap K K (College of Engineering Guindy, Anna Univ, Guindy, Chennai-600 025, Email: itzmepavithu@gmail.com) : English to Tamil machine translation system using universal networking language. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 607-20.

This paper proposes English to Tamil machine translation system, using the universal networking language (UNL) as the intermediate representation. The UNL approach is a hybrid approach of the rule and knowledge-based approaches to machine translation. UNL is a declarative formal language, specifically designed to represent semantic data extracted from a natural language text. The input English sentence is converted to UNL (enconversion), which is then converted to a Tamil sentence (deconversion) by ensuring that the meaning of the input sentence is preserved. The representation of UNL was modified to suit the translation process. A new sentence formation algorithm was also proposed to rearrange the translated Tamil words to sentences. The translation system was evaluated using bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score. A BLEU score of 0.581 was achieved, which is an indication that most of the information in the input sentence is retained in the translated sentence. The scores obtained using the UNL based approach were compared with existing approaches to translation, and it can be concluded that the UNL is a more suited approach to machine translation.

5 illus, 4 tables, 42 ref

004151   Sarkar P;Mukhopadhyay P (Superintendent (Library Services), The Univ of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, Email: prosenjit.toton@gmail.com) : Full-text ETD retrieval in library discovery system: designing a fraework. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2016, 63(4), 274-88.

This paper discusses designing an open source software based library discovery system for full-text ETD retrieval on the basis of a cataloguing framework developed by using available global standards and best practices in the domain of theses cataloguing. The purpose of this prototype framework is to provide a single-window search and retrieval system for end users for discovering ETD at metadata level and at full-text level. The prototype framework is based on three-layer architecture with Koha ILS as backend metadata provider, Apache-Tika as full-text extractor and VuFind as discovery system. A MARC-21 bibliographic format, especially designed to handle TDs, is working as data handler mechanism in Koha ILS and the harvester of VuFind is tuned to fetch bibliographic data related to ETD in marcxml format. The user interface of VuFind is also configured to support accessing ETDs from global-scale services like NDLTD, OATD, IndCat, ShodhGanga etc. apart from the local level ETD collection in order to provide an all-in-one search interface for users.

9 illus, 32 ref

004150   Raut P;Garad P;Patel C;Fake A;Jadhav S (Computer Engineering Dep, Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Engineering, Pune Univ, Pune) : Step towards smart city: a pocket size solution for traffic police. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 33-7.

Now-a-days, Traffic Management is a severe issue faced by the city. Unfortunately traffic violations are rampant especially when police men are not present. Everyday there are more than thousands of traffic rule violations. To solve this problem this paper discusses an application designed in Android. This application will store the data like number plate and license number of the convicted person. It works on client-server application model to map Traffic Police to RTO Server model. All this data will be stored on server side in the database. Further, the category of the crime committed is selected. This will generate an automatic amount of the fine. The main aim is to automate the traditional process. Using this technology we can track the traffic police location to check whether they are present in their respective allocated areas. Since, the proposed system is digitalized and Android based, it will serve as handier tool and convenient alternative means for Traffic Police to register complaints on the server side against the people who violate the traffic rules. Thus, these error-free records could be addressed as and when needed.

5 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

004149   Nathan N M;Patil C S;Jayaprakash J P I (Aerodrome Meterological Office, , Chennai, Email: nathan.imd@gmail.com) : PC based new software developed to create and input pilot balloon data file to an alternative to hand held data logger (HHDL) for using PC based SAMEER pibal computation software. Mausam 2016, 67(2), 499-504.

Pilot balloon observatories of India Meteorological Department (IMD) are using Hand Held Data Logger (HHDL), manufactured by SAMEER, to compute upper air data since 2007. The HHDL, which is a sleek and microcontroller based battery operated unit, accepts all information through the numeric keypad pertaining to the PB ascent for raw file generation and pilot balloon data processing. The raw file can be transferred to computer system as an input file to PC based Pibal computation software. This software generates Pibal messages similar to HHDL in addition to National Data Centre (NDC) data format and monthly climate. In case of any failure of hardware, both HHDL & PC based Pibal computation software cannot be used. Therefore to overcome this problem, a PC based Pibal data keying software has been developed using visual C sharp. The new software, what is developed, creates an input file similar to HHDL; it was tested with PC based Pibal computation software which works successfully as an alternate in case of failure of HHDL & it's hardware accessories.

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004148   Madhavan N S;Jha K K;Tiwari M K;Nagesha R; Vijayalakshmi (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, Sri Sairam College of Engineering, Sai Leo Nagar, Anekal, Bengaluru-562 106) : Vehicle movement tracked street lighting. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 84-5.

This project is to track vehicular movements on Flyovers/Highways, sensing a vehicle approaching and automatically turning ON Street lights (LED/bulb) ahead of vehicles while the trailing lights are turned OFF. The lights would be OFF in the absence of vehicular presence on the streets. On the other hand, the Intensity of the street lights can be changed dynamically, so as to avoid complete darkness across the area, say 10% intensity can be kept as a default intensity in the absence of vehicles, the same block of street lights switch ON with 100% intensity as vehicle passes by, the trailing lights revert back to 10% intensity again. This kind of intensity control can be achieved by using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generated by the microcontroller.

1 illus, 5 ref

004147   Kadale N;Bansod P;Pillai R;Sane S;Pratape S; Pawar S (Computer Engineering Dep, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, NBN SSOE Pune, Maharashtra) : Wireless customizable food recommendation system using apriori and K-means algorithm. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 49-52.

The use of software has reached even in day to day activities of life. Even going to a restaurant, receiving home-delivery of food. Many start-ups such as Box8, Zomato and Foodpanda have emerged in the restaurant business. In this paper we plan to accomplish major activities in a restaurant such as ordering, billing with the help of technology. We replace paper-based menu with an android application to facilitate the automation of these major activities which will give the restaurant manager to alter the menu. Another aim which our system achieves is giving insight about the customer's ordering habits and using the obtained knowledge for designing business strategies. For gaining insight about the customer's behaviour we use the Apriori and k-means clustering algorithms.

7 ref

004146   Gupta N;Sanjay Kumar;Manit Kumar;Mathur D; Jilani E (Electronics and Communication, MIT, Moradabad) : Wireless water level controller using zigbee. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 79-81.

Water is the most important Nature's gift to the mankind. Without Water there is no life. Now man understood its importance, especially where water is not easily available. Now this is being managed by the proper manner in city areas where the use of water is more than its availability. This is one of the motivations for this research, to deploy computing techniques in creating a barrier to wastage in order to not only provide more financial gains and energy saving, but also help the environment and water cycle which in turn ensures that we save water for our future. In this paper we have discussed about design and implementation of water level control system which is wireless, automatic, cost effective and reliable. It uses two zigbee transceivers along with a controller each installed at the tank and in the household. Zigbee transceivers are used for wireless communication. It is completely automated with the help of a microcontroller. Installation cost is reduced since the system is wireless. It is reliable because it has no problems arising after installation such as breakage of wire.

1 illus, 9 ref

004145   Gallinger E;Neville K L (NO, Flatirons Library Consortium, United States of America, Email: beth@flatironslibrary.org) : Usability in the Pika discovery layer: an academic and public library case study. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2016, 63(4), 261-5.

The Online Public Access Catalog is often a patron's first introduction to a library and, in some cases, may be their only interaction with the library. Library catalogs have traditionally been clunky, dated, and not particularly easy to use. Discovery layers entered the library market heavily in the late-2000s as a tool to seamlessly display and provide access to library resources. With new offerings from vendors and a number of open source options, libraries now have many options to provide a better interface. Different library types have different needs, and may, therefore, choose different catalogs for their patrons. One discovery layer stands out, however, both for its innovative features and for its ability to be customized to meet the needs of multiple types of libraries. Pika is the open source discovery layer developed by the Marmot Library Network. This paper will look at the experiences of an academic library and a public library and demonstrate how Pika has met the needs of both institutions.

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004144   Firdozali C;Nagamalar T (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, , B. S. Abdur Rahman Univ) : Energy aware mobile sink based RPL routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 74-8.

Wireless sensor network consists of wireless sensor nodes equipped with two tiny batteries (AA batteries). As long as the power is there wireless sensor node can take part in transmission and reception of data. When the sensor node depletes all its energy, energy-hole problem, network partition, low data delivery ratio, reduction in network lifetime will also arise. So, there is a need for energy aware routing protocol to increase the data delivery ratio, network connectivity and network lifetime. The proposed approach uses multi hop cluster based wireless sensor network and mobile sink approach for processing the data from wireless sensor network. To implement energy efficiency in routing the information from wireless sensor network to base station mobile sink based RPL routing protocol is proposed.

6 illus, 11 ref

004143   Dhara A (Librarian, Ramsaday College, Amta, Howrah, West Bengal-711 401, Email: arupdhara1979@gmail.com) : A personalised discovery service using google cutom search engine. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2016, 63(4), 298-305.

Provides an overview of Google custom search engine (CSE) and discusses some of the possibilities and methodologies regarding how these technologies and products might be helpful in developing college library discovery systems without deploying costly commercial tools or without venturing into the technicalities of open source tools. It is based on the experiences of designing a small-scale personalised discovery service for the Ramsaday College Library in Howrah, West Bengal and its integration with the library OP AC as one stop access to an array of library resources.

6 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

004142   Coleman A (School of Computing, South Africs Univ, South Africa, Email: colema@unisa.ac.za) : Preservation of indigenous wood carving knowledge of African traditional people through the use traditional wood carvers database framework (Twcdf). Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(3), 370-7.

Indigenous wood carving in Africa is a vital practice which provides answers to the origins and ancestry of many African people. The question of where we come from, transfer of cultural practices, historical artifacts and how to preserve the knowledge emanating from these, have become a cause of concern to many African people especially when indigenous wood carvers die or migrate from their communities of origin. This study investigated how knowledge from African Traditional wood carvers (ATWC) are transferred and preserved for future use in Africa. A case study approach was used. Participants were selected from 10 communities in Sub-Saharan Africa based on their historical background in Africa sculpture. Semi-structured open ended interview questions were used to gather evidence from the participants regarding their methods of wood carving process and how knowledge is share with younger people and preserved. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. The findings reveled that carved sculptures are kept by chiefs and important dignitaries in communities to express their history through events like fertility, birth, and death. The challenges indicated by the woodcarvers' point to the perishability of wood carvings due toits vulnerability to decay, insect damage, and fire. The results further indicated that knowledge of African Traditional wood carvers (ATWC) need to be transferred and preserved for future use in Africa. Based on the findings, this paper offered a new Traditional wood Carvers Database Framework (TWCDF) to collate, protect and preserve all artistic knowledge on wood sculptures and skills which are transferred through apprenticeship.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

004141   Biswas T;Samanta S (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, St. Thomas' College of Engineering and Technology, Kolkata-700 023, Email: amitaimika@gmail.com) : Strategic decision support system for logistics and supply chain network design. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 583-8.

This paper aims to develop a strategic decision support system for logistics and supply chain network design of a multi-stage, multi-commodity, and multi-period distribution and transportation system. A mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to tackle the problem while minimizing the operating, transportation and handling cost through all tiers of the supply chain network. A genetic algorithm based method has been proposed to solve the problem in a large scale realistic environment. The efficacy of the developed strategic decision support model in achieving better utilization of network and resources to fulfil the customer demand is demonstrated using illustrative scenarios inspired from the real case of a logistics company.

3 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

004140   Biswas M;Om H (Computer Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: mantoshb@gmail.com) : New adaptive image denoising method. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 1-10.

In this paper, a new adaptive image denoising method is proposed that follows the soft-thresholding technique. In our method, a new threshold function is also proposed, which is determined by taking the various combinations of noise level, noise-free signal variance, subband size, and decomposition level. It is simple and adaptive as it depends on the data-driven parameters estimation in each subband. The state-of-the-art denoising methods viz. VisuShrink, SureShrink, BayesShrink, WID-NTF and IDTVWT are not able to modify the coefficients in an efficient manner to provide the good quality of image. Our method removes the noise from the noisy image significantly and provides better visual quality of an image.

^ssc5 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

004139   Behera P C (Computer Science Dep, St. Claret College, Bangalore) : Data mining technique for tracking of information diffusion in online social network. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 102-5.

Information diffusion is common in online social network. There are two different ways of how information reaches a person in a network. Information reaches us through connections in our social networks, as well as through the influence external out-of-network sources, like the mainstream media. Social media provides the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. Online social networks play a major role in the spread of information at very large scale. Information diffusion is the communication of knowledge over time among members of a social system. Online social networks allow hundreds of millions of Internet users worldwide to produce and consume content. They provide access to a very vast source of information on an unprecedented scale. They also play a major role in the diffusion of information and have proven to be very powerful in many situations, like Facebook during the 2010 Arab spring or Twitter during the 2008 U.S. presidential elections. Still, the raw data produced by users of these networks. Tracking of information diffusion is a Very difficult task but by observing various factor of information diffusion, we can able to track the propagation information and we can predict about information propagation. In this research paper we discuss some issue of data mining in social network and also we go through various model given by different researcher, we analysis these model and short out few weakness for each model. This will help the other researcher for extending their research work.

21 ref

003112   Sharma N;Sharma A K (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110 040, Email: nsnonita@gmail.com) : Cost analysis of hybrid adaptive routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor network. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 283-8.

This study aims to explore the impact of heterogeneity on a hybrid algorithm called Multi Adaptive Filter Algorithm by constructing series of experiments. Here, the simulations were made between Total Energy Spent' and 'Number of Sources' considering temporal correlation. The results were drawn from the trace information generated using 'Monte Carlo' simulation methods. After keen analysis, the results show that different levels of heterogeneity are best suited for correlated event detections. Moreover, based on the conclusions drawn, it can be safely inferred that n-level heterogeneity reduces the total energy spent close to 60%. Further, cost analysis recommends that adding progressive nodes preserves the cost factor in the bracket of 230-280$/Joule. The novel approach can immensely help the future solution providers to overcome the battery limitations of wireless sensor networks. This study provides insights into designing heterogeneous wireless sensor networks and aims at providing the cost-benefit analysis that can be used in selecting the critical parameters of the network.

4 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

003111   Roul R K;Asthana S R;Shah M;Parikh D (BITS, Pilani-K.K.Birla Goa Campus, Goa, Email: rkroul@goa.bits-pilani.ac.in) : Detection of spam web page using content and link-based techniques: A combined approach. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 193-202.

Web spam is a technique through which the irrelevant pages get higher rank than relevant pages in the search engine's results. Spam pages are generally insufficient and inappropriate results for user. Many researchers are working in this area to detect the spam pages. However, there is no universal efficient technique developed so far which can detect all spam pages. This paper is an effort in that direction, where we propose a combined approach of content and link-based techniques to identify the spam pages. The content-based approach uses term density and Part of Speech (POS) ratio test and in the link-based approach, we explore the collaborative detection using personalized page ranking to classify the Web page as spam or non-spam. For experimental purpose, WEBSPAM-UK2006 dataset has been used. The results have been compared with some of the existing approaches. A good and promising F-measure of 75.2% demonstrates the applicability and efficiency of our approach.

5 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

003110   Kishor Kumar G;Viswanath P;Rao A A (Information Technology Dep, Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and Technology, Nandyal-518 501, Email: kishorgulla@yahoo.co.in) : Ensemble of randomized soft decision trees for robust classification. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 273-82.

For classification, decision trees have become very popular because of its simplicity, interpret-ability and good performance. To induce a decision tree classifier for data having continuous valued attributes, the most common approach is, split the continuous attribute range into a hard (crisp) partition having two or more blocks, using one or several crisp (sharp) cut points. But, this can make the resulting decision tree, very sensitive to noise. An existing solution to this problem is to split the continuous attribute into a fuzzy partition (soft partition) using soft or fuzzy cut points which is based on fuzzy set theory and to use fuzzy decisions at nodes of the tree. These are called soft decision trees in the literature which are shown to perform better than conventional decision trees, especially in the presence of noise. Current paper, first proposes to use an ensemble of soft decision trees for robust classification where the attribute, fuzzy cut point, etc. parameters are chosen randomly from a probability distribution of fuzzy information gain for various attributes and for their various cut points. Further, the paper proposes to use probability based information gain to achieve better results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by experimental studies carried out using three standard data sets. It is found that an ensemble of randomized soft decision trees has outperformed the related existing soft decision tree. Robustness against the presence of noise is shown by injecting various levels of noise into the training set and a comparison is drawn with other related methods which favors the proposed method.

5 illus, 4 tables, 53 ref

003109   Grewal B S;Bansal T;Singh D (NO, PCTE Group of Institutes, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Email: balraj@pcte.edu.in) : Review study of the state and development of E-commerce in Serbia. J advd Res civil envir Engineering 2016, 3(1-2), 27-40.

The authors of this paper created and revealed three-dimensional model for the analysis of e-commerce diffusion in any country, in line with this model qualitative analysis of conditions for e-commerce penetration in geographical region was conducted. Geographical region is found on a vital geographical location in Southeast Europe. Once Yugoslavia's falling apart and a decade of stagnation, geographical region came to a road of economic changes Associate in Nursing it became an economy in transition-it had been pronounced the leading reformer in 2005 by the globe Bank. Our main finding is that the method of disseminative e-commerce in geographical region continues to be on the roster, however completely different states square measure found for various layers of this three-dimensional model. Some smart experiences found in Serbia's e-commerce follow square measure in the main from the B2C e-commerce, whereas a technique of B2B e-commerce can be a catalyst for actuation along the facilitating conditions and fascinating geographical region in international electronic economy.

^iia1 table, 76 ref

003108   Dhir R;Singh I;Simran (NO, PCTE Group of Institutes, PCTE Group of Institute, Ludhiana, Email: rupali@pcte.edu.in) : Local environment infrastructural socio economic development issues and influences. J advd Res civil envir Engineering 2016, 3(1-2), 18-26.

Differing characteristics of localenvironments, both infrastructural and socio-economic, have created a significant level of variation in the acceptance and growth of e-commerce in different regions of the world. Our findings show that, in development and diffusion of e-commerce in China, cultural issues such as "socializing effect of commerce", "transactional and institutional trust", and "attitudes toward debt" play a very major role. In this article, present and discuss these findings, and identify changes that will be required for broader acceptance and diffusion of e-commerce in China and propose approaches that businesses can use to enhance this development.

1 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

003107   Ansari Z A;Harit G (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan-342 011, Email: gharit@iitj.ac.in) : Nearest neighbour classification of Indian sign language gestures using Kinect camera. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 161-82.

People with speech disabilities communicate in sign language and therefore have trouble in mingling with the able-bodied. There is a need for an interpretation system which could act as a bridge between them and those who do not know their sign language. A functional unobtrusive Indian sign language recognition system was implemented and tested on real world data. A vocabulary of 140 symbols was collected using 18 subjects, totalling 5041 images. The vocabulary consisted mostly of two-handed signs which were drawn from a wide repertoire of words of technical and daily-use origins. The system was implemented using Microsoft Kinect which enables surrounding light conditions and object colour to have negligible effect on the efficiency of the system. The system proposes a method for a novel, low-cost and easy-to-use application, for Indian Sign Language recognition, using the Microsoft Kinect camera. In the fingerspelling category of our dataset, we achieved above 90% recognition rates for 13 signs and 100% recognition for 3 signs with overall 16 distinct alphabets (A, B, D, E, F, G, H, K, P, R, T, U, W, X, Y, Z) recognised with an average accuracy rate of 90.68%.

18 illus, 18 tables, 52 ref

002080   Usman M R;Shin S Y (School of Electronic, IT Convergence Dep, Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), Gumi, South Korea) : Channel allocation schemes for permanent user channel assignment in wireless cellular networks. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 189-97.

In this paper, two different models for permanent user channel assignment, based on Markov chain, are proposed for wireless cellular networks. Both models include channels for calling, handover, and permanent assignment. Models in this paper provide comparison of the blocking probabilities and handover failure probabilities after introducing the permanent user channel assignment, further permanent user channel blocking probability is also derived. Based on the blocking probability results, risk analysis to predict the blocked channels is provided at the end of this paper using the @Risk tool. The simulation results are provided in two parts, i.e. (1) the probability curves against the number of assigned channels are shown and (2) the results using @Risk tool for the risk analysis are shown.

11 illus, 16 ref

002079   Sun Y;Zhang Y (Hebei Electric Power Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China) : New developments of characteristic analysis in wireless sensor networks. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 221-7.

As a completely new information acquisition and processing technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has extensive application prospects in environmental monitoring, target tracking, intelligent transportation, intrusion detection, and so on. In these applications, when receiving the monitoring information, in many cases, one should know the location information of WSN sensor nodes. However, no matter which localization method one adopts, the rapid and accurate characteristic extraction is always one of the key techniques of WSNs. In this paper, we will explore a new characteristic extraction technology in WSNs. By separately computing the scores of related dimensions, we can obtain the final comprehensive information characteristic of all nodes. All of the characteristic analysis results are precise and credible.

3 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref

002078   Senthil Prabha R;Vidhyapriya R;Ravitha Rajalakshmi N (Information Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore) : Performance analysis for a touch dynamic authentication system with reduced feature set using neural networks. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 198-204.

Increase in the usage of smart phones increases the burden for the users to memorize many passwords. It has also increased the need for stronger or enhanced authentication mechanisms. Littlemore innovation labs are providing paperless solution for conducting examinations using touch pad that is believed to be a promising technology in future. This paper explores the suitability of using touch dynamics as an additional level of security during authentication. Both security and performance concerns are investigated. A security application developed can be used on a touch screen device capable of imitating someone's typing characteristics. When the user starts interacting with the device, the developed application starts capturing the behavioural features given by the user's swipe. Thirty different features are captured, from which, most prominent features are identified by depending on the usefulness of the feature. Good results with the reduced feature set are obtained, thereby improving the performance of the system using neural network techniques. The results show that touch dynamics on a smart phone are more durable against certain attacks on a personal computer.

6 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

002077   Saad S;Mhiri M;Hammadi A B;Besbes K (Microelectronic and Instrumentation Lab, LR-13ES12, Faculty of Sciences, Univ of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia) : New low-power, high-Q, wide tunable CMOS active inductor for RF applications. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 265-73.

This paper presents a new topology for realizing a single-ended inductor employing a minimum number of passive components. The active inductor achieves a high quality factor of 895 over a frequency range of 1700 MHz. Its self-resonance frequency is 5.5 GHz. The achieved range of sweep for inductance (L) varies from 3.55 to 26 nH. The circuit draws 0.5 mA current from 1.0-V supply and occupies an effective active area of 22 x 27.5 μm2, while the noise voltage is less than 15.6 nV/Hz. The proposed inductor is designed and simulated in a 90-nm TSMC MS/RF CMOS process.

14 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

002076   Rostami M J;Saryazdi S;Nezamabadi-Pour H; Shahba A (Electrical Engineering Dep, Shahid Bahonar Univ of Kerman, Iran) : Chaos-based image encryption using sum operation modulo 4 and 256. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 179-88.

Today the security of images has become increasingly important in the realm of information technology (IT). A secure image encryptor must have a pseudo-noise output for each input and resist various attacks. In this paper, an algorithm was proposed in terms of encrypting colour images using chaotic logistic map and sum operation modulo 4 and 256. Generally speaking, in this algorithm the sum operation is first conducted on the pixels of the image employing a two-step modulo 256; the resulting image is then divided into four sub-matrices each of which is converted into modulo 4. The sum process modulo 4 is then conducted on these four sub-matrices and four other random sub-matrices. The pixels are finally permuted using the chaotic map. Our simulation results and the comparison with similar works showed that this algorithm has appropriate resistance against static and differential attacks as it has the three important characteristics of permutation, substitution, and diffusion. Its pseudo-noise output is largely dependent upon the key, and it also provides a safe key space to prevent brute force attack.

7 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

002075   Narwal A;Prasad B R (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand) : Novel order reduction approach for LTI systems using cuckoo search optimization and stability equation. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 154-63.

A new reduction method is given which combines recently developed metahueristic cuckoo search optimization technique and stability equation method for obtaining reduced-order linear time invariant (LTI) system. This paper provides an efficient approach for reduction of both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) LTI systems. The lower order system obtained by the proposed technique retains the stability of higher order system and matches in steady-state value to the original model. The results of the proposed method are compared with other popular presented approaches of order reduction in the literature. The reduced systems obtained by the proposed method also have lower integral performance indices values than other order reduction techniques. The method is explained by numerical examples.

6 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

002074   Mostafavi M;Niya J M (Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran) : Novel subchannel and power allocation in IEEE 802.16 OFDMA systems. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 228-38.

Lots of burst mapping algorithms have been proposed to optimize the two dimensional frame utilization in IEEE 802.16 OFDMA systems. However, almost all of the proposed algorithms only consider the frame usage optimization and do not consider the users' channel conditions. Some of the other researches have been focused on the power control and frequency allocation in the OFDMA-based systems. This paper aims to develop a novel resource allocation approach in IEEE 802.16 OFDMA systems with consideration of the two dimensional frame and the users' channel conditions. In order to further reduce the complexity of resource allocation, a new adaptive step size is proposed to speed up the convergence of the iterative optimal Lagrange multiplier computation. The expression for this step size is mathematically derived. The frequency and power allocation have been conducted in the subchannel and user level. The simulation results show that the throughput in terms of maximum sum rate (MSR) has been improved compared to static power control (the same power allocation to subchannels). Increasing the number of users increases the MSR improvement. This is due to the fact that the user diversity increases.

8 illus, 23 ref

002073   Ghadian M;Jabbarian-Jahromi M;Kahaei M H (Signal & System Modeling Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran Univ of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran) : Recursive sparsity-based MVDR algorithm for interference cancellation in sensor arrays. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 212-20.

In this paper, an improved sparsity-based interference cancellation algorithm for beamforming in sensor arrays is proposed, which improves the conventional Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithms. The key point in this algorithm is to divide the stress on the minimum variance term in the conventional algorithms with a term that uses no additional information than those used in conventional algorithms. The goal in this algorithm is to find the sparsest array response in the angles other than the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) of the Signal Of Interest (SOI). Also, a global convergence proof for this algorithm is presented. The results show that by this algorithm, some reduction in sidelobe levels, deeper nulls, less sensitivity to the DOA of the SOI and no sensitivity to data length are achieved.

8 illus, 17 ref

002072   Djosic D B;Stefanovic D M;Stefanovic C M (Informatics Dep, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Univ of Pristina, Mitrovica, Serbia) : Level crossing rate of macro-diversity system with two micro-diversity SC receivers over correlated gamma shadowed α - μ multipath fading channels. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 140-5.

In this article, macro-diversity structure with macro-diversity selection combining (SC) receiver and two micro-diversity SC receivers operating over correlated shadowed multipath fading channel are analysed. Received signal is subjected simultaneously to a-μ short-term fading and gamma long-term fading (shadowing) resulting in system performance degradation. Macro-diversity SC receiver aims to reduce gamma shadowing effect while micro-diversity SC receivers aim to mitigate a-μ small-scale multipath fading effects. Useful infinite series expressions for the second-order statistical measure such as level crossing rate (LCR) of macro-diversity SC receiver output signal is efficiently derived. Numerical results are presented to examine the influence of various gamma shadowing and a-μ multipath fading parameters on LCR of the proposed system.

2 illus, 18 ref

002071   Buim T N;Nguyen Q T;Pham V H (Networks and Communication System Dep, Electronics and Telecommunication Faculty, VNU Univ of Engineering and Technology (VNU-UET), Hanoi, Vietnam) : Influence of ASE noise on the performance of DWDM networks using low-powerk pumped raman amplifiers. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 239-45.

We present the results of investigation of influence of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, noise figure (NF) and dispersion chromatic on the performance of middle-distance dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) networks using low-power pumped distributed Raman amplifiers (DRAs) in two different pump configurations, i.e., forward and backward pumping. We found that the pumping configurations, ASE noise, and dispersion play an important role for improving the network performance by reduction of NF and bit error rate (BER) of the system. Simulation results show that the lowest BER and low NF were obtained, when using the forward pumping configuration. Moreover, we have also compared ASE noise powers of the simulation with this experiment. These results conclude that DRA with low pump power (<60>1 W) is the promising key technology for short- and/or middle-distance DWDM transmission networks.

8 illus, 13 ref

002070   Biswas A;Sahu P K;Bhowmick A;Chandra M (EEE Dep, National Institute of Technology, Roukela) : Speech recognition using ERB-like admissible wavelet packet decomposition based on perceptual sub-band weighting. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 129-39.

In the recent years, wavelet packet (WP) transform has been used as an important speech representation tool. WP-based acoustic features have found to be more efficient than the short-time Fourier transform (STFT)-based features to capture the information of unvoiced phoneme from continuous speech. In this paper, a new 24 sub-band equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB)-like wavelet filter is proposed by employing perceptual Wiener filter on each sub-band of decomposed noisy speech. Wiener filtered output is then proceeded according to the Johnston model to calculate auditory masking threshold for each wavelet decomposed sub-band. This threshold is used to design the perceptual sub-band weighting (PSW) filter. The output from each perceptually weighted sub-band is processed further to calculate acoustic front end features. This technique aims to enhance the noisy speech signal by using standard Wiener filter on psychoacoustically motivated decomposed wavelet sub-band by controlling the sub-band weighting factor. Hindi continuous digit database and TIMIT database is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed feature. Obtained results show that proposed feature is effective for noisy speech recognition compared to some recently proposed feature extraction techniques.

6 illus, 6 tables, 36 ref

002069   Balyan A;Dev A;Ruchika Kumari;Agarawal S S (ECE Dep, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, GGSIPU, New Delhi) : Labelling of hindi speech. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 146-53.

The goal of this paper is to obtain segmented and labelled speech at syllable level and also that the reasonable number of syllables may suffice the need for travel domain applications. A base-line group delay-based segmentation technique is applied on spoken speech sentences to generate labelled database at syllable level. The system is validated against 50 manually segmented speech utterances. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated by performing time-error analysis. It is observed that 63.07% syllables have time-error less than 30 ms. It is observed that vowels are more accurately segmented as compared to fricatives. The confidence interval is found to be 0.1147 ms for confidence level of 95%. This paper also presents implementation of algorithm for identifying syllables based on linguistic rules for Hindi words. After survey of the relevant literature, a set of rules are identified and implemented as a simple easy-to-implement algorithm. The text segmentation algorithm is tested on 2400 distinct words and algorithm performs with 99.5% accuracy for segmentation of written text.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

002068   Bahador H J;Koozehkanani Z D;Bahar H B;Sobhi J (Electrical and Computer Engineering Dep, Univ of Tabriz, Iran) : A - 10 dBm 5 Mbps energy-efficient injection-locked FSK transceiver for wireless body sensor networks. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 257-64.

In this paper, a new technique is proposed to transmit the data, which enjoys less energy consumption comparing the existence techniques. It is applied to an ultra-low power 915 MHz 5 Mbps injection-locked FSK RF transceiver. This transceiver, which consumes less than 1.1 mA from a 0.7 V supply, is suitable for wireless body sensor network applications. The power consumption is 63 and 82.6 pJ/b at a transmitted power of -10 dBm with a data rate of 5 Mbps in transmitter and receiver modes, respectively. Post layout simulation results that has been done with cadence software in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, confirm a 55% reduction in power consumption in the transmitter mode comparing the similar techniques reported by other researchers. The layout of the proposed transceiver is 0.284 mm^2.

10 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

002067   Alabady S A;Salleh M F M (School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia) : Analysis of the effect of binary OR operation property in linear network coding transmission performance. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 164-78.

In all of the works related to linear network coding (LNC), researchers use the Galois field (GF) operation property to generate the coding matrix elements. The elements of the coding matrix produced from the coefficients are randomly generated and selected from the GF(q). In this paper, we present an analytical analysis on the effect of using the binary field (OR operation) property to generate the coding matrix elements in LNC instead of using the customary GF. The LNC with binary OR operation (LNC_OR) is simulated under various multihop wireless network conditions of coefficients and coding router for three different network topologies. Each of the three network topologies has different coefficients since different network coding router is used. Performances of the LNC with the different probability of the coefficients of coding matrix base on packet delivery ratio (PDR) are analysed. Simulation results for three different network topologies confirm that LNC_OR reduces the number of lost packets received and improves PDR performance as compared to LNC with GF (LNC_GF) operation property.

9 illus, 9 tablesm, 23 ref

001045   Rajput A;Sharma P;Bhargava N (NO, CSA Govt. PG Nodal College, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh) : Predictive model for water quality data with Weka tool. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2015, 27(3), 203-8.

In this paper we present the experimental work with WEKA tool. We have use decision tree techniques for generating a predictive model with water quality data.

3 tables, 12 ref

001044   Rahman M M H;Shah A;Fukushi M;Inoguchi Y (Computer Science Dep, International Islamic Univ Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: hafizur@iium.edu.my) : HTM: A new hierarchical interconnection network for future generation parallel computers. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 93-104.

In this paper, we have discussed the architectural structure, static network performance, and dynamic communication performance of a new hierarchical interconnection network called hierarchical Tori connected mesh network (HTM). For the exploration of static network performance, we have evaluated degree, diameter, cost, average distance, arc-connectivity, bisection width, and wiring complexity. We have also evaluated the dynamic communication performance of HTM, its counter rival H3DM, and conventional mesh and torus networks using a deadlock-free dimension order routing using two virtual channels under uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns. The dynamic communication performance is evaluated using computer simulation. We discovered that the HTM has a number of lucrative properties. These include constant node degree, small diameter, low cost, small average distance, moderate (neither too low, nor too high) bisection width, and less wiring complexity. HTM also yields high throughput per link and very low zero load latency, which provide better dynamic communication performance than that of H3DM, mesh, and torus networks.

6 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

001043   Chen Y C;Tso R (NO, Institute of Information Sciences, Sinica, Taiwan) : Survey on security of certificateless signature schemes. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 115-21.

In cryptography, security models play important roles to define the security with potential attacks. Following the security models, a scheme is analysed to be secure or insecure against those considered attacks. However, certificateless signatures (CLSs) are well-known notions to solve the key escrow problem of identity-based signatures, but the adversaries' attack power is not well defined. In typical CLS setting, the full private key is composed of two parts that are respectively generated by two different parties, and therefore, the security models will be more complicate than other systems. In general, there are two types of adversaries in CLS, and further can be extended into many security levels due to attack power. In this paper, a comprehensive study focuses on the security models of CLSs. We not only consider two security issues, public key replacement, and strong unforgeability, but also revisit all feasible and potential adversaries' abilities. According to the research results, we show the generalization of security models which consists of all cases of the adversaries. Finally, we give a security comparison with literature works.

3 tables, 32 ref

000013   Karthikeyan A;Somasundaram K;Pravin Sam J; Mahendran M (Panimalar Engg College, , Chennai) : Design and application of video surveillance using servo moto. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 547-50.

Identifying striders with involved visualization systems is of overriding attentiveness for supplementary drivers to avoid vehicle to- unimaginative accidents. Identifying striders with involved visualization systems is of overriding attentiveness for supplementary drivers to avoid vehicle to unimaginative accidents. The fundamental of an unimaginative indicator is its arrangement component, which purposes as determining if a prearranged copy window comprises an uninspired. Prearranged the strain of this mission, countless classifiers have been projected through the previous 15 years. Concerning them, the so named deformable part-based classifiers, contain multi-view demonstrating, are frequently highest ranked in accurateness. Exercise such classifiers is not inconsequential subsequently an appropriate feature gathering and three-dimensional part arrangement of the unimaginative training models are fundamental for attaining a precise classifier. In this broadsheet, we first achieve instinctive part grouping and part placement by consuming virtual-world perambulators, it involves human observations are not mandatory. Subsequently, we custom a mixture-of-parts approach that permit fragment distribution between dissimilar facets. Third, these suggestions are combined in an education context, which also permits integrating real-world drill data to accomplish province variation between cybernetic and practical cameras. General, the attained outcomes on four prevalent committed data sets illustration that our proposal clearly overtakes the contemporary deformable part-based detector known as latent support vector machine.

5 ref

000012   Divya J;Asha G (NO, , ) : Autmoatic receiver response mail system. J Commun Engng Syst 2016, 5(1), 7-12.

Now-a- days e-mail usage is more. Many people pass information to their friends, relatives, workers, officials and students through e-mail. In this paper, the proposed system is about to verify that the mail is opened or not at receiver end and also to inform the sender about the mail activity that the mail is forwarded or deleted. For instance, sender wants to send the information to the receiver through mail. The receiver receives the mail information and places in to the inbox or spam folder. The sender do not know whether the receiver mail is opened or not. In this proposed receiver response mail system, once the receiver opened the mail from inbox or spam folder, the system automatically sends the mail opened information or forwarded information or deleted information mail to the sender. It is an efficient method for tracking the mail.

023242   Singh S K;Singh S K (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Email: sanjay.rs.cse12@itbhu.ac.in) : SIFT and SURF performance evaluation for pain assessment using facial expressions. J biol Engng Res Rev 2015, 2(1), 6-14.

It is likely that research has only begun to scratch the surface of what might be learned from expressions' intensities. The occurrence and intensity of facial pain expression are both significant to what the face reveals. Although much progress has been made in respect to automatic detection of pain expression occurrence, controversy exists about better estimation of pain expression intensity. In this paper, we have compared two different methods for binary pain detection and pain intensity estimation using two large databases of spontaneous pain expressions i.e., McMaster-UNBC Pain Archive database and the selfprepared database. Scale invariant feature transforms (SIFT) and Speeded up robust feature (SURF) are used for feature extraction; (Linear Discriminant Analysis) LDA and (Principal Component Analysis) PCA were used for dimensionality reduction; and Support vector machine (SVM) are used for prediction. The result suggests that SURF outperformed SIFT on binary pain detection. This suggests that training on intensity ground truth is worthwhile even for binary pain detection. The experimental results indicate that using SURF along with SVM as classifier can certainly improve the performance of automatic classification of pain recognition system which will aid physicians in predicting the correct level of pain intensity and thus benefit in the correct diagnosis and treatment of pain patients.

6 illus, 38 ref

023241   Rajput H (School of Business and Management, Central Univ of Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh) : Use of smartphone- based messaging applications: An extended theory of planned behaviour approach. Abhigyan 2015, 33(3), 26-41.

With the increasing penetration of internet into masses and high sales of smartphones, smartphone-based messaging applications such as Whatsapp, Viber are gaining popularity among the netizens in India. This study is an endeavour to understand the critical factors that influence the use of Whatsapp. For this purpose, an extended version of theory of planned behaviour was used. Two additional factors, viz., flow and network externalities were added to the standard TPB. A survey of students enrolled in an Indian University was conducted. PLS-SEM was used to test the proposed model. The model was found effective in explaining the intention to use Whatsapp. Findings of the study along with implications and future avenues of research are discussed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

023240   Mohammadi N (Shiraz Univ of Technology, Computer Engineering and IT Dep, Shiraz, Fars, Iran, Email: N. Mohammadi@sutech.ac.ir) : Presentation of a parallel algorithm for nearest neighbor search on GPU using CUDA. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2016, (Spl issue), 39-43.

Nearest Neighbor Search Algorithm has many applications in various sciences, for example KNN classification techniques are used often in industry and in many scientific applications. It has been applied in areas such as medical imaging, entropy estimation, data mining, machine learning and content based image retrieval. The high computational complexity in nearest neighbor algorithm is a challenge for runtime. Although presenting and solving of this problem and for small data is easy, when the database is large The fundamental problem in fast processing of data occurs. In areas such as, data mining where the nearest neighbor search algorithm is applied for it, several technologies have been used to classify the data. Several technologies in order to data classification are introduced which with increasing amount of data choosing appropriate technology for classifying them is important. CUDA technology was provided by NVIDIA and also this technology provided an opportunity for developers so that by using of their system graphics card, data in parallel they performed minimal cost and easy computational processing data. The concept of GPGPU and CUDA technology for nearest neighbor search is used. We will compare parallelism implementation of this algorithm on GPU With accessing to it's shared memory with serial implementation of algorithm on CPU and while the program without access to shared memory on a graphics processing unit runs. It is shown that Parallel implementation of the algorithm on GPU with accessing to the shared memory in compared to the other methods discussed here is heavy computational processes in parallel method.

6 illus, 7 ref

023239   Khoei H R (NO, , ) : Speed estimator for sensorless field-oriented control induction motor drive using intelligent neural networks. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(3), 42-9.

This paper presents a novel approach to the field-oriented control (FOC) of induction motor drives. It discusses the introduction of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for decoupling control of induction motors using FOC principles. The neural network has been then designed and trained online by employing a back propagation network (BPN) algorithm. The estimator was designed and simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation result shows a good performance of speed estimator. Simulation results reveal some very interesting features and show that the networks have good potential for use as an alternative to the conventional field-oriented decoupling control of induction motors.

023238   Habibi F;Motameni H;Ramezani F (Computer Engineering Dep, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Sari, Iran, Email: Fereshtehabibi42@yahoo.com) : The new approach for solving task scheduling in cloud computing environment using combination of genetic algorithm and tabu search. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2016, (Spl issue), 60-7.

Taskscheduling problem in cloud computing environment is an important challenge that has a direct effect on quality of service provided therein. Task scheduling includes the process of tasks mapping to available resources based on task requirements and features. Task scheduling problem in cloud computing is a very important problem and included in Np problems that specifies an optimal schedule for implementation of tasks and optimal allocation of resources so that within shorter time, more task can be processed. Various algorithms have been offered so far for solving task scheduling problem in cloud computing. In this paper, a combined algorithm was presented for improvement of task scheduling problem in infrastructure layer of cloud computing, based on evolutionary genetic algorithm as well as tabu search algorithm. Empirical results indicated that the offered algorithm has a high efficiency and created a balance between users' criteria.

8 illus, 7 tables, 10 ref

023237   Ebrahimi A;Koropi F;Naji H (NO, Islamic Azad Univ, Kerman Branch, Kerman-Iran, Email: aebrahimi.computer@gmail.com ) : Increasing the security of SCADA system using key management and hyperelliptic curve cryptography. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2016, (Spl issue), 17-24.

A SCADA system operates as a control center of a central termination which receives information from one or more remote terminals and issues commands to them. To increase the security of systems encryption can be used to protect data transfer and storage. In this paper, we have suggested a safe environment in SCADA networks to create a proper communication between control center and RTU using key management protocol, mutual authentication And digital signature. So the server can ensure the security and non-manipulation of received and sent data. For this purpose, we use Hyperelliptical curve cryptography. Hyperelliptical curve is so suitable in cases where we have power, storage and time limitations as it needs fewer calculations and parameters in compared to other cryptography schemes such as elliptic and RSA. for example, 80-bit space is required for the HECC field whereas in ECC, 180 bits and in RSA, 1024 bits are required.

4 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

023236   Adim F;Tavassoli S (NO, Islamic Azad Univ Sari Branch, Iran, Email: fr_adim@yahoo.com) : Introducing a novel method to digital image watermarking in multiwavelet domain based on LS-SVM. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2016, (Spl issue), 1-6.

In the past decade, digital watermarking have been considered as an important tool for protecting digital data. Due to the high value of images, in recent years, particular attention has paid to image watermarking. A novel image watermarking method in multiwavelet domain based on least square support vector machines (LS-SVMs) is proposed in this paper. In proposed method, according to the special structure and property of image in multiwavelet domain, watermark bits are embedded into multiwavelet approximation sub-bands of image blocks, and a mean value modulation method is employed to modulate their multiwavelet coefficients. In order to robustly extract watermark, LS-SVMs is used to learn mean value relationship between these approximation sub-bands. Due to powerful learning ability and good generalization ability of LS-SVMs, watermark can be correctly recovered under several different attacks.

6 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

022194   Wath S B;Katariya M N;Baniswal A K;Shinde V M;Vaidya A N (CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020, Email: sb_wath@neeri.res.in) : Evaluation of the effect of size reduction and thermal treatment on metal extraction from PCBs of mother board and digital video drive of desktop PC. Curr Sci 2016, 110(5), 800-7.

The study aims at evaluating the effect of particle size and thermal treatment on printed circuit boards (PCBs) of Mother Board (MB) and DVD on metal extraction. Results show around 90-95% (w/w) and 35-40% (w/w) of total Al and Cu respectively, in CPU could be recovered by systematized disassembly. Remaining embedded Al and Cu require metallurgical or hydro-metallurgical processing. Cu extraction increases with size reduction. Thermal treatment of MB-PCB shows reduction in Cu extraction (23-38%) for all sizes in comparison without thermal treatment, while DVD-PCB showed surge in extraction after thermal treatment (41-141%) in comparison without thermal treatment.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref