007899   Singh R K;Kulathinal C G;Sadasivan D D; Balasubramaniyam D;Prasannakumar D;Thankachan D (Community Medicine Dep, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Ernakulam, Kerala-683 594, Email: rajiv101@gmail.com) : Utilization of E-devices and internet among medical students in a private medical college in central Kerala, India. Natn J Res Community Med 2014, 3(4), 289-301.

Cross-sectional study was conducted in a private medical college in central Kerala and proportions, test of significance like Chi square, t test was used. Objectives: To find the prevalence and pattern of utilization of electronic devices; to evaluate the pattern, purpose of internet usage and factors influencing it; and to assess the need for incorporating computer education in medical curriculum. 350 students participated in the research.90(25.7%) of students don't spend money to get access to internet. 255(79.45%) spend 2 hours or less on the internet. 296(84.6%) of students use internet for academic purposes. 152(43.4%) felt that e-Devices made their academic performance better while 40(11.4%) of the students felt it to be worse. 88(25.1%) prefer reading e books over conventional textbooks. 213(60.9%) do not have any problem while using internet but 96(27.4%) students had problems of eye strain while using internet. Most students seem to be able to balance the e-Device used and use it for academic purpose and making their lives efficient. But few got their academic performance worse, and some are suffering from eye strain, so efficient management of time on e-devices and internet without hindering their academic performance is needed.

13 tables, 10 ref

007898   Pavan Kumar V;Kulkarni P S (Electrical Engineering Dep, VNIT, Nagpur, Email: pavankumar.vummadi.99@gmail.com) : Multi-layered feed-forward back propagation neural network approach for solving short-term thermal unit commitment. Jl CPRI 2015, 11(2), 277-86.

This paper presents an approach for solving the short-term thermal unit commitment (UC) problem, using a multi-layered Feed-forward Back propagation Neural Network (FF-BPNN). The main focus of the paper is on finding the schedule of committed thermal units within a short computational timesuch that the total operating cost is minimized. The proposed method is implemented and tested on a 3-unit and 10-unit systems for a scheduling period of 4-hours and 24-hours respectively in MATLAB^{TM software using the Neural Network toolbox. Comparison of simulation results of the proposed method with the results of previous published methods shows that the proposed FF-BPNN method provides better solution with less computational time.}

2 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

007897   Mitra A (NO, Visva Bharati Univ, Textile Section, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal) : Artificial neural network and its application in fabric property prediction and fabric engineering-A comprehensive review. Man Made Text India 2015, 43(3), 87-96.

In this paper, a comprehensive review has been presented on the application of artificial neural network as one of the soft computing tools in the domain of fabrics and clothing. Last two decades have witnessed an abundant application of ANN in almost every domain of engineering, and textile engineering is not the exception. This review is aimed at highlighting the applications of ANN in fabric and clothing science and engineering. At the very outset, a brief introduction has been given on various aspects of artificial neural network. Afterwards, the applications of ANN models in various fabric property modeling, prediction and fabric engineering, hitherto carried out by various researchers, have been discussed.

4 illuss, 66 ref

007896   Arun V (NO, Barak Hostel IIT, Guwwahati, Amingaon, Guwahati-7681 039, Email: venkatarun95@gmail.com) : Multithreaded processors. Resonance 2015, 20(9), 844-55.

In this article, authors describe the constraints faced by modern computer designers due to operating speed mismatch between processors and memory units and some of the solutions adopted for overcoming them. authors also give simple analytical models to give a basic understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods discussed.

2 illus, 2 table, 8 ref

006889   Vashisht S;Mandeep Kaur (NO, , ) : Mitigating economic denial of sustainability in a cloud environment by using key exchange. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(3), 9-16.

The Cloud Computing is a model to enable service ubiquitous, expedient and on-demand of users. It provides network access to a pool of computing resources like networks, servers, data storage, and applications. Cloud is large pool of resource and services through which we can get service or resource whenever needed by paying amount used. Cloud provides services though mobile phones, laptops and personal digital assistants. Security has emerged as one of the most important obstacle to faster and pervasive adoption of virtualization or cloud computing. The main troubling element of the security of the cloud is the EDoS attacks, which make the shared resources on the network unreachable to the user to make own profit or to make loss for others. So here, this paper will propose a defense mechanism against the EDoS attacks which is known as Secure Key Exchange. This paper proposed a mechanism to overcome the effects of EDoS attack by using a secure key Exchange to identify the legitimated users and filter the data coming from unauthorized user.

14 ref

006888   Varsani S (NO, , ) : Genetic algorithm based tree formation in wireless sensor networks. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(3), 22-32.

A typical task in wireless sensor networks is to collect data through nodes of sensor network towards sink, wireless sensor network has various data gathering techniques based on tree, data gathering based on chain and data gathering based on hierarchy etc. This paper shows a tree formation technique used in the data gathering. The data is collected from different sensors forward and towards the sink node for this purpose. The purpose of these techniques is to improve factors like a network lifetime, reduce an energy consumption and delay etc. For wireless sensor network this work used genetic algorithm for the generation of energy efficient as well as for balancing data aggregation tree. In this scenario of network, energy resource of nodes with high load will expire prior with respect to others, the reason is during the phase of data gathering, single best tree allocates more too few sensors and it employs low energy from all nodes. So, we use a collection of trees that balance load between nodes and consume less energy. Genetic Algorithm considers these problems in creating aggregation tree and helps in extending network lifetime.

006887   Sapariya R;Vasavada T (NO, , ) : Improve life time of LEACH routing protocol in wireless sensor network. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(3), 1-8.

In wireless network, nodes are generally battery powered; so due to constrain in energy it is very tough to perform some tasks with this type of node for very long time. Hierarchical-based routing protocol is efficient solution to this problem. LEACH is hierarchical routing protocol that engages randomized rotation of cluster head to equal distribution of energy load between sensor nodes in the network. LEACH also supports data aggregation in which they compress the amount of data and only compressed form will be sent to the base station. Due to data aggregation, amount of data alteration between node and base station is reduced. In this paper, we would like to introduce LEACH protocol in which LEACH selects cluster head node considering energy factor. Due to modification in threshold equation, only the node with highest energy becomes the CH. Devices which are used as nodes are generally battery powered so always have constrain for energy. If energy of the node is fully utilized than life time of that network will always be high. How we have modified LEACH to achieve long life? To address this issue we again slightly change threshold equation for CH selection.

006886   Sapariya R;Vasavada T (NO, , ) : Different variants of LEACH routing protocol in WSN. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(1), 22-7.

In recent wireless technology, less energy consumption design and new wireless technologies have produced very important applications for wireless devices. These types of applications cover very large area and also use for real time transfer of large data from one device to another, due to this kind of application, WSN are generally suffering from resource constraints. Nodes are general battery powered. This makes application with limited energy so it is very critical to operate sensor network for a long time. Data aggregation is a technique in which data are collected from multiple sources and expressed in compressed form. This compressed form is nothing but summary of collected data. The amount of traffic will reduce due to data aggregation. Hierarchical-based routing protocol is efficient and absolute solution to this problem. LEACH is hierarchical-based clustering routing protocol. LEACH protocol evenly distributes the energy load among the sensors using randomized rotation of cluster-heads. In this paper different variants of LEACH routing protocol are included which are categorized based on following topics: (1) Different methods of cluster head selection (2) Load distribution (3) Reliable (4) Synchronization.

006885   Sandhu N;Talwar M (NO, , ) : Comparative analysis of sleep deprivation attack in AODV. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(3), 33-8.

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are collection of wireless mobile computers (or nodes) having no pre-existing infrastructure or centralized management and which are connected by wireless links automatically. They are one of the most commonly used network services these days. They play a great role in tactical situations such as disaster relief or battlefields, making it an important area for research. But, unfortunately, the many factors that make MANETs successful (fluidity, the ability of a substance, and process of redistributing or dispersing functions) pose tremendous challenges for those tasked with securing those environments. Various types of attacks are possible on MANETs. Sleep deprivation attack is one of them. Securing mobile ad-hoc network is essential for network communications. Success of mobile networks (MANET) strongly depends on people's confidence in its security. Sleep deprivation attack is a kind of DoS attack which can be set in motion by flooding the targeted node with not needed routing packets. In this paper, we have to show the presence of the sleep deprivation attack and their effect in one of the most prominent AODV (ad-hoc on an insistent and peremptory request distance vector) routing protocol. The proposed method works for comparing the effect of with and without sleep deprivation attack in AODV for parameter throughput.

12 ref

006884   Nazir T (NO, , ) : Management of e-resources: authentication and access methods. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(1), 17-21.

Libraries are presently experiencing a shifting from printed to electronic collections. This transition has led to changes in collection development practices as well as in the job of information professionals who facilitate access to information. Nowadays libraries are increasingly forming consortia's and pool their resources and provide their access to the authorized users. The study investigates authentication and authorization techniques used for accessing online resources. This paper also explores the potency and limitations of the authentication and authorization systems used by libraries.

006883   Mahendra Kumar;Jain A K (NO, , ) : Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 wireless Ad Hoc networks with MAC layer security environments. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(1), 1-8.

Unlike traditional wired networks, wireless networks do not depend on any fixed infrastructure. Therefore, these networks are vulnerable to security attacks. The report analyzes the security of wireless ad hoc networks based on the RC4 and AEC algorithm in the MAC layer.

17 ref

006882   Jaiswal H D;Gupta P P (NO, , ) : Design of wide area network based on packet tracer. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(1), 9-16.

The main objective of this paper is to describe the incoming and outgoing / traffic and to maintain integrity through networking tools as well. It also consists of the multiple routing protocols in different areas of the country wide WAN. It is generally concern with the proper movement of the packet from one part of the country to the other part of the country. Along with previous concept, it also consists of various networking protocols and their implementation in simulation mode. The paper explains that how from one's location computer, the packet moves out and reaches the same local ISP. It also describes the implementation of Packet Tracer to configure WAN network and its associated features. Since, cost of routers, switches, hubs, and various networking devices are much more which is beyond the approach of common learners. So, Packet Tracer is very helpful to configure various topologies in simulation mode which is act as a simulator. It often contains various routers, switches, different types of wired as well as wireless devices through graphical user interface (GUI) to required users. In configuring WAN network, there are various networking tools are also used which plays a very important role in making various networks on which various networking protocols can be implemented. Different networking devices works at different internet layers like IP layer, ' application layer etc. Through which different incoming and outgoing traffic can be carried out. Router can forward the packet from one logical network to another logical network by identifying its routing table which contains various information in row and column format such that intersection's of each row and each column contains the entries for one particular network.

006881   Islam M R (NO, , ) : Retina recognition system using PCA-based discrete hidden markov model. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(1), 28-32.

In this paper, a unique approach of retina recognition system has been proposed. Principal component analysis based dimensionality reduction technique has been used here and discrete hidden Markov model (DHMM) has been applied to classify the retinal images. The retinal images are taken from DRIVE retina database. Then some image pre-processing techniques such as image scaling, median filtering-based noise reduction and edge-detection techniques have been used to ready the retinal image for the system. Features are extracted and reduced using principal component analysis-based dimensionality reduction technique. These reduced features are fed to the DHMM learning algorithm to create; the learned retinal template. Finally, DHMM recognition model has been used to recognize the input pattern. Experiments and performance analyses are performed according to the DRIVE retinal dataset.

006880   Bansal D;Jangra A (NO, , ) : Grade based scheme to detect malicious nodes in delay tolerant networks. J Netwk Secur 2015, 3(3), 17-21.

DTN is a network in which no direct contacts are present between network nodes. For data packet transmission in network, concept of intermediate nodes is used. Data transmission through intermediate nodes is not secure because unfortunately some intermediate nodes behave as malicious nodes. So security in DTN is a challenging task. Different types of malicious nodes perform different kind of attacks during data transmission. In this paper, present a grade based scheme to detect malicious nodes and distinguish them from normal nodes based on their behavior. Proposed scheme is implemented with the help of ONE (Opportunistic Network Environment) simulator.

005908   Ramanpreet Kaur;Miglani S;Singh T P (NO, Yamuna Institute of Engg. & Tech, Gadholi, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana) : Comparative study of effectiveness regarding existing & proposed algorithm in disk scheduling policies on changing the head position and distance between the track request. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2015, 7(1), 51-68.

Disk Management & its Efficiency is one of the important & challenging issues of operating system before the researchers as it is required in all technical and software development. Various Scheduling Policies with varying degree of efficiency have been explored by the researchers so far. In this paper, we have made an effort to design some new scheduling policies en the basis of disk arm movement. Disk scheduling algorithms are used to reduce the total seek time of any request. Hence, to service a request, a disk system requires that the head should be moved to the desired track then a wait for latency & finally the transform of data. It has been observed that selecting an optimal disk scheduling algorithm, performance depends upon the initial head Position (IHP) on keeping the same track Request. Minimum seek Time has been calculated for different Policies & the conclusion has been drawn through graphical representation. In a nutshell, on one hand we have examined the efficiency of various scheduling algorithms & on the other hand, we explored some new algorithms on the basis of Disk Arm Movement & then a conclusion has been drawn.

8 ref

005907   Deepika;Yadav M;Bhatia K;Madaan R (CSE Dep, Gurgaon Institute of Technology and Management, Gurgaon, Email: vats.dipi@gmail.com) : Framework for presence factor oriented bolg summarization. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2015, 4(1), 13-24.

Earlier researches that had been carried out to find the summary of the blog pages was limited to the content of blog post. The first thing I noticed was omission of the title of the blog post. In the summarization through online summarizer tools, we find that only a set of representative sentences could be drawn out. Title is an important part of a blog post. It has been found out that the blog post contains the content related to the title of the blog post which helps the user to search the information required. In this paper, we proposes a framework that helps the user in the task of extracting blog summary using the title of the blog post. By using this proposed framework we further get access to several tools by simplifying the overall development of new applications. We also present an algorithm for locating all the keywords of the title in a blog sentence. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of our framework by means of an instantiation that achieved a precision and recall of 85.7% and 85.7%, respectively.

5 illus, 4 table, 12 ref

005906   Deepika;Yadav M;Bhatia K (CSE Dep, Gurgaon Institute of Technology and Management, Gurgaon, Email: vats.dipi@gmail.com) : Comparison of blog summarization techniques. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2015, 4(1), 1-9.

Earlier researches that had been carried out to find the summary of the blog pages was limited to the content of blog post. The first thing I noticed was omission of the title of the blog post. In the summarization through online summarizer tools, we find that only a set of representative sentences could be drawn out. Title is an important part of a blog post. It has been found out that the blog post contains the content related to the title of the blog post and the comments which helps the user to know the quality of that blog post. In this paper, we compare "Presence Factor-Oriented Blog Summarization" and "Novel Technique for Relevant Content Extraction from Blog Pages" and find out the best.

6 illus, 13 ref

005905   Borges V;Jeberson W (Computer Science and Information Dep, Technology, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Fuzzy-rough learning from data based kNN improvisation for activity recognition modeling. Allahabad Fmr 2015, 71(1), 62-6.

Activity recognition is a complex task of the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) domain with ever-increasing research interest. Human activity recognition has been specially addressed by the advances in pattern recognition. k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) is a parameter less classifier from pattern recognition theory, that mimics human decision making by taking previous experiences into consideration for segregating unknown objects. A novel fuzzy-rough model, based on improvisation of the kNN classier is proposed here-with. In this model, feature-wise fuzzy memberships are generated to fuzzify the feature space of the nearest neighbors of the test object. From these, lower and upper approximations are generated using rough set theory to classify the test object. It is shown experimentally that this model outperforms the traditional kNN by 12.43% and Fuzzy-kNN by 6.46%, in the human activity recognition domain. Another novelty is in the efficient use of the fuzzy similarity relations in fuzzified feature space, and, fuzzy-rough lower/upper approximations in the hybridization of the kNN classifier.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

005904   Bhardwaj N;Sharma M (Computer Science Dep, Bahra Univ, Waknaghat, Email: neeru_393@yahoo.com) : Optimal strategy for software testing. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2015, 4(1), 10-12.

Errors is result of the defects in the software system mostly. If errors are not evaluated at the earlier stages, it result in failure of the system. Exhaustive testing is not possible. This not only exceeds the limits of testing time but also the budget of the software. Result is poor quality software are delivered to the end-user and the trend is to keep on testing the software throughout its life. Therefore a proper strategy has to be applied so that testing a software system gives better results. Strategy should be to specify the specification of product requirements in quantifiable manner, testing objectives to be stated, Understanding the users of the intended software and develop a profile, Use of effective formal technical reviews etc.

4 ref

005903   Bhardwaj N;Chaudhary K (Computer Science Dep, Bahera Univ, Waknaghat, Email: Neeru_393@yahoo.com) : Virtual conferenceing using artificial intelligence. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2015, 4(1), 25-34.

This paper gives an idea about a communicating technology that can be achieved by intermingling the concept of virtual reality and video conferencing. Video conferencing is a technique that is used by two or more persons for communicating with each other, sitting at faraway places. In video Conferencing people get to communicate both through audio and video. The feature that people are able to see another person is the advantage of video conferencing over simple phone calls or audio conferencing. Video conferencing has a major drawback that there is a lack in eye contact of the communicators. Another disadvantage is that the participants can only get a 2-Dimensional view of the other end, due to which the communication is not proper. Virtual reality is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that is used to create virtual environments for different purposes. Thus using the concept of virtual reality that involves stereoscopic displays for visualization and Cetera algorithms for 3-D sound, the Virtual Conferencing environment can be created. This type of conferencing will overcome the disadvantages of video conferencing and make communication better.

8 illus, 7 ref

004890   Kapse P S;Deshmukh P R;Ekale J V;Tamboli N M (Extension Education Dep, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra, Email: pravinkapse@rediffmail.com) : Analysis of websites of agricultural universities in Maharashtra : a web analytic study. Agric Update 2015, 10(1), 65-71.

Study was undertaken to examine the content of SAU's websites in Maharashtra and compare with each other on the basis of ICAR guidelines and to appraise webometrics of the SAUs websites. The result of the study showed that general information such as about institute, how to reach, organizational setup, regional stations, AICRPs project were available on all SAU's websites. All SAU's websites have web objects about academic programme, admission, academic rules and regulation, student welfare. The study indicated that all the websites of SAU's have web objects about ongoing projects, research achievement and varieties developed. Agro advisory and help line available on every websites of SAU's. Information about books, periodicals, journals and online/offline literature database is provided in separate internal links of library webpage of all the SAUs. Web object about tenders and photo gallery and RTI act information were mentioned on the websites of all SAU's. Webometric analysis of SAUs websites showed that website of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli and Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri occupies 1st, 2nd and 3rd positions, respectively whereas Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani holds 4th place among the SAUs. Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli and Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola shares 1st rank with 5 points out of 10 points whereas websites of Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, ranks 2nd with 4 points out of 10 points. It is indicated that size of home page of websites of Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli and Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola are 15.14 kb, 22.58 kb and 50.94 kb, respectively. The study helps the webmaster and the respective university to improvise the usability of websites.

13 tables, 12 ref

003986   Kale R S;Kute S (Civil Engineering Dep, Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering & Research Centre, Nasik, Email: rajeev.s.kale@gmail.com) : Five layers Artificial Neural Network system to design a concrete mix, based on D.O.E. method. Int J civ struct Engng 2015, 5(3), 284-95.

Soft computing tools neural network and fuzzy logic can be used for the problems, where no solution algorithm is known. The mix design of concrete can be put under same category of problem. Again, development of required concrete mix, which required large sets of trial, is a very complex problem in itself. The feature of computer aided soft computing tools can be used to obtain perfect relationship between various design parameters of concrete mix (Aggregate/Cement, Water/Cement, Workability, Durability, Strength) and reduces the requirement of large number of trails. A Artificial Neural Network based five layer system has been proposed to design a concrete mix, based on Department of Environmental Engineering (D.O.E.) method. The results obtained from five layers artificial neural network system are evaluated and compared with traditional method of concrete mix design (D.O.E.). The result shows that ANN has strong potential as a feasible tool for estimating the ingredients of concrete to meet the design requirements.

6 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

003985   Chakraborty P (Computer Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, , , Email: pinaki_chakraborty_163@yahoo.com) : Fifty years of peephole optimization. Curr Sci 2015, 108(12), 2186-90.

In 1965, William M. McKeeman introduced the concept of peephole optimization. This article provides a brief review of the major peephole optimization techniques identified so far and the methodologies used to implement them. Topics for further research on peephole optimization have been also identified.

2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

003009   Thanammal K K;Sudha J S J (MCA Dep, S.T.Hindu College, Nagercoil, Email: jayasudhajs@gmail.com) : Comparative study of edge detection algorithms on medical images. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1684-8.

Detection of edge is a terminology in image processing and computer vision particularly in the areas of feature detection and extraction to refer to the algorithms which aims at identifying points in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or more formally has discontinuities. Edge is a basic feature of image. The image edges include rich information that is very significant for obtaining the image characteristics by object recognition. Edge detection refers to the process of identifying and locating sharp discontinuities in an image. So, edge detection is a vital step in image analysis and it is the key of solving many complex problems. This paper, describes edge detection algorithms for image segmentation using various computing approaches which have got great fruits. Experimental results prove that Canny operator is better than Prewitt and Sobel for the selected image. Subjective and Objective methods are used to evaluate the different edge operators. The performance of Canny, Sobel and Prewitt Edge Detection are evaluated for detection of edges in digital images.

9 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

003008   Satpathy R;Konkimalla V S B;Ratha J (School of Life Science, Sambalpur Univ, Jyoti Vihar, Burla-768 019, Email: rnsatpathy@gmail.com) : Dehalobase: a database of dehalogenase and other allied enzymes. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 33-7.

Dehalogenase and other similar enzymes specifically from microbial origin are mostly responsible for bioremediation of halogenated organic compounds. The organo-halide compounds are regarded the largest group of chemical found in the environment that are mostly toxic and hazardous in nature. Recently, the molecular analysis of these enzymes has proven to be a valuable aid in understanding the molecular aspects of dehalogenation. Yet there is no specialised database available for these enzymes. In this work, we have built a specialised curated relational database with a search tool for dehalogenase and other allied enzymes. It contains in total 181 entries with a user-friendly menu-driven search engine that allows retrieval of stored information for each enzyme such as name, reaction mechanism, E.C number, structural information, if available, references and a hyperlink to a metabolic pathway database containing detailed catalytic mechanism. It also includes the toxic profile of the substrate that is catalysed by the enzymes. Furthermore, this database provides a search interface which permits the user to explore these specific enzymes. Presently, the database is freely available at: http://mcbi.mitsbiotech.org.in/dehalobase.

3 illus, 16 ref

003007   Saha G K;Sandeep Kumar (NO, C-DAC, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, Email: sahagk@gmail.com) : Cloud-based EHR issues and challenges. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 26-32.

Cloud computing and its associated challenges, building a secured electronic health record (EHR) in a cloud computing environment, have attracted a lot of attention in healthcare industry including researchers and academic community. The cloud computing paradigm offers eHealth systems the opportunity to enhance the features and functionality. The patient's medical information to the cloud implies several risks in terms of the security and privacy of sensitive health records. A literature review of EHR issues is presented in this paper with emphasis on the importance of the concepts involved, implementations and challenges. To protect the confidentiality of patient information and facilitate the process, some suggestions for healthcare providers are made.

11 ref

003006   Rahmani M H (human science Dep, Faculty of Geography, Payame Noor Univ, Boein Zahra, Iran) : Spatial - local evaluation and analysis of crimes using time series model and ARCGIS software. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1815-23.

Subject of current research is illegal behaviors and acts and disorders known as crime during research time period which occurred in central part of Qazvin city. They are acts with are against society's moral values and national rules and are defined as crime according to the law and punishment is determined for them and were recorded as crime in police centers during research time period and for which file has been formed. To this end, the crimes related to theft from March 2011 to February 2011 as well as two years ago and one year later crimes were recorded and investigated in ARCGIS Software. Spatial identification and analysis of crime vulnerable foci in central part of Qazvin city was done by developing a database for these thefts and using statistical and graphical tests in ARC GIS software environment. Results for temporal analysis in this research indicated applying specific time and location in providing spatial patterns for crimes is not useful, because times of presenting statistics may not be correct due to two wanted and unwanted mistakes: 1. Providing incorrect information by peopled being robbed for different reasons such as lack of presence at home or reluctance for referring in early hours of theft, and 2. intentional and inadvertent errors in recording statistics by system users for various reasons. Investigation of type, composition and level of use of lands in central part of city and frequency crime occurrence indicate most crimes occurred in commercial and administrative areas of this part of city denoting relationship between type of land use and the way of using lands of central part and formation of crime foci.

3 illus, 11 tables, 15 ref

003005   Rahman M M;Khatun F;Islam M S;Bhuiyan M A A (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam Univ, Bangladesh, Email: mijanjkkniu@gmail.com) : Binary features of speech signal for recognition. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 18-25.

Speech feature extraction is the mathematical representation of the speech file, which converts the speech waveform to some type of parametric representation for further analysis and processing in speech recognition. A good feature may produce a good result for any recognition system. This paper presents a simple and novel feature extraction approach for extracting binary features of Bangla speech words. This technique is based on frequency-domain signal features and dynamic thresholding method. First the frequency-domain signal feature, i.e., spectrogram feature is computed from the original speech words and then the binary features of these speech words are computed by using the dynamic thresholding technique. The developed system has been justified with several Bangla speech words. To test and analyse theses binary features, a speech recognition module has been developed. The speech recognition is done by using the neural network with back-propagation training algorithm. All the algorithms used in this research are implemented in MATLAB and the implemented speech recognition system achieved recognition accuracy of 96%.

7 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

003004   Radko N M;Ostapenko A G;Mashin S V;stapenko O A O;Gusev D V (NO, Voronezh State Technical Univ, Russian Federation, 394026, Voronezh, Moskovsky Prospect, 14) : Assessment of the system's epi-resistance under conditions of information epidemic expansion. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1781-4.

The paper deals with the process of information epidemics spreading in an information and telecommunication system (ITCS) according to the SIR model. Constructing a probabilistic analysis model of information epidemic spreading is carried out; we propose an approach for estimating damage parameters, use and ITCS epi-resistance at different development stages of the process, depending on the model parameters. We provide recommendations for managing ITCS epi-resistance by changing parameters of the model.

1 table, 10 ref

003003   Pal S K;De S (Computer Science and Applications Dep, NSHM College of Management and Technology, Kolkata-53, Email: write2sumand@gmail.com) : Ciphering algorithm on squaring and sine function using sequence of random numbers. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 50-62.

This paper provides a ciphering algorithm based on controlled random number generation for every printable character of a keyboard based on a pass key which depends upon a secured telephonic conversation and the starting time of the conversation. The random number sequence generated for each message is different. Several hash key functions based on a short function, squaring and Sine functions are then applied on the plain text in order to generate the cipher text. This tested program can be implemented for intra-office message communication. The objective of this paper will always resound for the development of a unique system which will ensure secrecy and authenticity for the private communication between two entities.

4 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

003002   Nirmal D N T K;Bueno C C;Rosa A H (NO, GEA-UNESP, Sorocaba Campus, SP, Brazil, Email: hmfg2014@gmail.com) : Introduction to the recursion theory framework for DNA-based applications in bio-molecular computing and information processing using the (HOL) higher order logic system. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 1-9.

This nano-bio informatics introductory framework note describes the use of the function package, which provides general recursive function denitions for Isabelle/HOL. We start with very simple DNA sequencing-based examples and then gradually illustrate a way to move onto more advanced information processing topics to deal with even more promising nano-bio-information processing platforms for the future applications, like bio-chemical formalisms and computing.

23 ref

003001   Mikhaylov D;Starikovskiy A;Konev V; Grigorenko A;Larisa S (NO, National Research Nuclear Univ MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Insti, Kashirskoye Highway 31, 115409, Moscow, Russian Federation, Email: polynna@yandex.ru) : Review of software for automated analysis of digestive tract images. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1109-14.

This paper is devoted to development of software, which allows automatically processing the gastrointestinal tract images obtained by wireless endoscopic capsule. This paper considers software of automated workplace of a physician from different manufacturers of endoscopic complexes in detail. Further, the description of software architecture for gastrointestinal tract images processing and the results of software testing are given in this paper. This software is a part of Landish capsule endoscopic complex.

7 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

003000   Lutay V N;Khusainov N S;Kravchenko P P (NO, Southern Federal Univ, 344006, Rostov-on-Don, Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., 105/42) : Software implementation of autonomous short-range radio navigation system. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1741-8.

In the presented paper problems of a software implementation of a ground-based and on board part of an autonomous system of short-range radio navigation of aerial vehicle are discussed. Operation stages of a ground-based part of the system are described, the most important of which is a selection of aerical vehicle (AV) flight trajectory correction points, which are controlled by on-board inertial navigation system. The final result produced by a ground-based part of the system is a flight plan for on-board module. In the last part of the paper problems of range measurements' filtering and monitoring of navigation field integrity are discussed. A control flow schemeis presented,which is implemented for a single processor computer.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002999   Karudaiyar G;Karthikeyan S;Sainath B (NO, , Master of Engineering, Embedded System, Sathyabama Univ) : Encryption and decryption scheme by using finite state machine. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1861-5.

Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt information. Encryption is the process of masking information to make it unreadable without a key approach. Secrecy is to be maintained for confidential communications. Decryption is the process of extracting the original information from the encrypted data. In This Approach secrecy is maintained by using finite state machine. Fibonacci series are the series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the foregoing numbers.Moore Machine is one of the finite state machine that is being used. Recurrence relations are recursive definitions of mathematical functions or sequences. In this paper cryptographic scheme using Moore machine is applied to verify is result on Fibonacci numbers.

1 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

002998   Kale R B;Babu G P;Mohammad A;Meena M S; Vairagar V G;Kad S V (Agricultural Extension ZPD, Zone-VI, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: rkrajivndri@gmail.com) : Perceived effect of information and communication technology use in the performance of dairy scientists. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 38-43.

This study evaluates the effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in research, extension and teaching. Data were solicited from 94 dairy scientists from two premier institutes, i.e., National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) and National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR). Study reveals that mostly respondents had positive effects on their overall performance in research, teaching and extension activities. A majority of respondents agreed that ICT facilitates to retrieve latest information and research references through a large number of sources via internet and ranked first with weighted mean score 89.79 and ICT facilitates saving in terms of time and energy for completion of research (87.87) at second rank. Effect in education shows that ICT improves updating of recent information for teaching (85.74) and that it improves quality of teaching material (83.40). For extension activities, ICT improves process of transfer of technology (93.55) and response to the queries of farmers (89.68). The amount, quality and speed of the performance have been improved significantly as a result of the ICT intervention. Hence, the integration of the new ICTs in the agricultural universities, ICAR institutions and other organisations engaged in research, education and extension activities can transform the way of success. Moreover, quality ICT facilities and infrastructure, specialised training courses can add to improve the scientists 'proficiency in ICTs.

3 tables, 8 ref

002997   Idris N R N;Abdullah M H (Computational and Theoretical Sciences Dep, International Islamic Univ Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia, Email: ruzni@iiu.edu.my) : Effects of different levels of data on the overall meta-analysis estimates. Far East J mathl Sci 2015, 96(1), 73-86.

Meta-analysis that pools two levels of data, namely, aggregate data (AD) and individual patient data (IPD) is increasingly common. The implications of pooling these data on the overall meta-analysis estimates have not been fully explored. We examined some of the statistical properties of overall estimate of the treatment effects from meta-analysis which combine the AD and IPD studies. We compared these estimates with those from the all-AD and all-IPD meta-analyses in terms of the bias, root-mean-square-eiror and coverage probability. We used simulated meta-analyses to evaluate the behaviour of these estimates. The results indicated superiority of estimates from IPD meta-analysis, compared to those from combined-level studies and AD studies, in terms of the accuracy and efficiency of the estimates. Additionally, for the same statistical properties examined, the estimates from combined-level studies displayed better results over those from all-AD meta-analysis. In the scenario involving different ratios of AD:IPD, we found that combined-level studies generated estimates with better statistical properties, irrelevant of the composition of the AD:IPD ratio. Therefore, whenever possible, we recommend the inclusion of available IPD studies when conducting traditional AD meta-analysis.

4 illus, 16 ref

002996   Dhand P;Mittal S (M.M. Institute of Computer Technology & Business Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar Univ, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Email: pooja_dhand@hotmail.com) : Adaptive threshold and hysteresis for handoff initiation in next generation networks from path loss model. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 10-17.

Mobility management is evolving as the most astounding area of research for the upcoming researchers. Many issues such as signalling overhead, latency, low bandwidth, low reliability, etc., existed in traditional mobility schemes in wireless networks. But the next-generation heterogeneous networks have resolved many issues and researchers are looking forward to take best use of upcoming generations to provide constant connectivity. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based adaptive threshold and adaptive hysteresis handoff initialisation algorithm is proposed. It uses data rate, received signal strength indicator and SINR to determine the value of threshold and hysteresis. This algorithm makes use of Okumura Hata Path loss model to determine the value of RSSI, which is then given to fuzzy inference engine. It has been shown that threshold and hysteresis are not only dependent on RSSI but also on many other parameters such as on transmitter height, receiver height and antenna gain, frequency and cable loss.

8 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

002995   Dachepally M;Mohammed S;Annapurna A (NO, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Shamshabad-501 218, Email: madhuri.dachepally@gmail.com) : Problems and alternative approach to asynchronous transfer mode. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2015, 6(1), 44-9.

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is a high speed computer network technology, a cell switching technique that uses asynchronous time division multiplexing. ATM is not completely compatible for existing higher layer protocols like transmission control protocol and Internet protocol that operate in internet environment. This document addresses the problems of bandwidth delay and also possible approaches to ATM interoperations like new protocol design especially for ATM, extension of existing protocols to add support for ATM, design special protocols to integrate ATM with below existing internetworking and transport layer protocol layers.

4 illus, 9 ref

002994   Anufrienko S V;Alkhazova M H (NO, Pyatigorsk State Linguistic Univ, Stavropol region, 357532, Pyatigorsk, Kalinin Avenue, 9) : Descriptive analysis of the website video representation of pyatigorsk state linguistic university. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1791-8.

The presence of the website at the University is an indispensable condition of its existence in the era of information technology development. Website plays an important role in drawing the attention of the audience to the University, provides it with a certain reputation and attractiveness, demonstrates its professional, innovative and creative potential. This study exposes a critical analysis of the section "Video", posted on the official website of Pyatigorsk State Linguistic University (Russia).The main purpose of this study is to understand how the University uses the section "Video" to represent itself on its institutional website. To achieve the set goals, the author applies the method of textual and visual analysis of the web-resourcematerials. Textual analysis has allowed examining the content of web pages. Visual analysis was concentrated on the study of the quality of journalistic work, in particular, the ways of presenting news. The article presents the strengths and weaknesses in the work of web pages from the position of its structural elements, textual and visual information, and navigation. The analysis showed the section, "Video of PyatigorskState Linguistic University" does not provide the ability to comment on stories, assess them; there is no guestbook, feedback, contact information.

8 illus, 21 ref

002993   Anufrienko S V;Alkhazova M H (NO, Pyatigorsk State Linguistic Univ, Stavropol region, 357532, Pyatigork, Kalinin Avenue, 9) : Critical analysis of Russian political party's websites according to navigation, structure and content. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1749-55.

During the development of information technologies era political discourse passes actively into the Internet space. Politicians, parties and the organizations use web resources more often to represent their position on the most significant social and political issues. At the same time this trend becomes typical for countries with highly developed democracy, as well as for nations, gravitating to authoritarian management methods. In the latter countries the Internet serves almost the only means of expressing opposition views to the current government. In this regard, the role of political web resources seems quite significant to promote the ideas of freedom of speech and pluralism. There are rather large number of political parties functioning in Russia, which have not received their representation in the State Duma of the Russian Federation due to failure to percent barrier during elections. However, they have a wide circle of supporters in the majority of regions in Russia and highlight their activities through their own means of mass communication, including the official sites. In this paper, we consider three such features ranking russianpolitical parties on the Internet -"Union of Right Forces","Right Cause","Patriots of Russia" in terms of navigation, structure and content of their official websites.

3 illus, 15 ref

002992   Aleksandrovich S A;Yurievich N O; Aleksandrovich A M (NO, , Vologda State Univ) : Features of the information-analytical system application for estimation the support areas for creation of the results of the intellectual activity of the research and educational institutions. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2014, 11(3), 1807-13.

With the increase in governmental funding for science and the growing number of scientific studies, carried out under the support of the various funds, the problem of analysis and comprehensive assessment of the research results, as well as selection of the most promising research topics becomes quite acute issue. Therefore the problem of rapid and objective reflection of the science status, as well as evident estimations of research cost-effectiveness is highly relevant. These issues are the subject of scientific analysis throughout the world, and the creation of evidence-based practices and software to define the growing-points, geographical location and development trends is seen as the most important task in the science management. This article describes the research findings of the problem on assessing the status and development of the scientific investigations, using new techniques to analyze bibliographic and scientometric data in terms of the intellectual deliverables (ID), as well as to create integrated information system for the implementation of such methods.

3 illus, 10 ref

002043   Yadav K;Babita Kumari;Yadav M (Information Technology, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Khentawas, Gurgaon, Haryana-123 506, Email: kyadav1700@gmail.com) : Web application security. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2014, 5(2), 131-4.

In today's world, web applications are used for sharing information and servicing delivery over the Internet. As their use is increasing day by day for critical services, web applications become a popular and valuable target for security attacks. Although a large number of techniques have been developed to fortify web applications and mitigate the attacks towards web applications, there is little effort devoted to drawing connections among these techniques and building a big picture of web application security research. Web applications are important, common distributed systems whose current security relies primarily on server-side mechanisms. Web applications provide access to server functionality through a set of web pages to the end users. These pages often contain script code to be executed dynamically within the client web browser. Most web applications aim to enforce simple, intuitive security policies, such as, for web-based email, disallowing any scripts in entrusted email messages. Even so, web applications are currently subject to a plethora of successful attacks, such as cross-site scripting, cookie theft, session riding, browser hijacking and the recent self-propagating worms in web-based email and social networking sites. This paper makes the end-to-end argument that the client and server must collaborate to achieve security goals, to eliminate common security exploits and to secure the emerging class of rich, cross-domain web applications referred to as Web 2.0.

4 ref

002042   Vidya M N;Nandini Prasad K S (NO, , M. Tech Student Dep, Of ISE, Dr. AIT) : Depth first real time search method for video streaming over multiple wireless networks: an overview. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 46-8.

Video streaming is highly challenging to provide high quality video streaming services for mobile users consistently due to limited computational capacity, energy supply and dynamic change in wireless channels. It is gaining more popularity among mobile users. Though progressive download is highly used it has disadvantage. It is not possible to maintain very large buffer in smart phones. If the user turns off the video player in middle then the buffered unwatched video may go waste. The latest mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablets, are equipped with multiple wireless network interfaces. In order to maintain high video streaming quality while reducing the wireless service cost, the optimal video streaming process with multiple links is formulated as a Markov Decision process (MDP). This paper provides an overview of video streaming and MDP in real time. We close by are sharing our opinions on what some of the important open questions are in this area as well as our thoughts on how the adaptive depth first real time search algorithms can be improvised so that might seek out best answers.

1 illus, 6 ref

002041   Swapnadevi K;Naidu M M (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur-522 510, Email: kswapnadevi@yahoo.co.in) : Algorithm for mining closed frequent K-itemset. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2014, 5(2), 164-70.

The discovery of association rules in a transaction database is a problem in data mining. Finding frequent itemset is an expensive step and lot of research was focused on it. Unfortunately, the collection of frequent itemsets extracted from a dataset is often very large. This makes the task of analyst hard, since he has to extract useful knowledge from a huge amount of frequent patterns. Closed itemsets are a solution to this problem. A number of algorithms were developed for mining closed frequent itemsets. In analyst point of view, to find a particular itemset is closed frequent itemset or not, none of the algorithms were developed. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm for mining closed frequent K-itemset (CFI). To find the closed frequent. K-itemset, the algorithm starts searching of itemsets whose length is at least K, i.e., the itemsets whose length is less thank will not be considered for further processing which reduces the size and number of comparisons to be performed. It also prunes the K, K+1 ... itemsets whose support is less than and greater than of the minimum support value which reduces the processing overhead.

2 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

002040   Sudhakar A;Satyanarayana M;Sunil Prakash M; Sharma S K (ECE Dep, GMRIT, Rajam, Andhra Pradesh, Email: sudhakar.a@gmrit.org) : Compact frequency notched UWB printed square monopole antenna. INROADS 2014, 3(2), 449-55.

A compact printed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with single band-notched characteristics of size 18mmxl2mm on the FR4 substrate is proposed. This provides a wide band width from 4.5 to 12.4 GHz with WLAN frequency notch from 4.9 to 6.1 GHz to avoid interference with the UWB system. The proposed antenna consists of half wave length connected U slots interconnected with I slot. In this paper variation of frequency notched characteristics is discussed by varying the length of ground. The design parameters and the performance of the proposed antenna are analysed by using HFSS.

15 illus, 10 ref

002039   Sriram B;Abujalban H K H (IST Dep, Faculty and Quality Assurance Officer, Sur Univ College, PO: 440, PC: 411, Sur, Sultanate of Oman, Email: srishan11@gmail.com) : Challenges in using search engines on retrieval perspectives: a case study in omani higher educatiion environment. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2014, 5(2), 135-41.

Search engines are the major information providers in the current technological world. The information is searched, retrieved, analysed and used by an information seeker with different perspectives and motives. The search engines basically use various search strategies based on their popularity and usage. They use the keywords either individually or in combination to provide the necessary information to the information seekers. An information seeker needs to frame proper keywords in order to retrieve accurate information. Most of the time, the seeker might not be able to get the correct information in the first search itself. Various studies have already been conducted regarding the challenges in using search engines and search tactics. In this paper, we have discussed the challenges faced by the users in using search engines related to higher education in the Omani educational environment. This study is conducted to identify the challenges in using and delimiting the search keywords to get the best possible information by the Omani information seekers. It is conducted to measure the query processes in using the search engines.

7 tables, 10 ref

002038   Sharma M K (Computer Science and Engineering, Jaipur National Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: manoj186@yahoo.co.in) : Survey of thresholding techniques over images. INROADS 2014, 3(2), 461-78.

This paper presented a comprehensive survey of image thresholding methodologies and categorise them under a uniform notation, indicate their differences or similarities, and finally as a basis for performance comparison. Images have been categorised into six groups according to the information they are exploiting, such as, histogram shape-based methods, clustering-based methods, entropy-based methods, object attribute-based methods, spatial methods and local methods. In total 44 image binarisation methods are summarised.

107 ref

002037   Shaikh A (NO, Abdul Razzak Kalsekar Polytechnic, Panvel, Maharashtra) : Virtual classroom. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 78-80.

The Virtual classroom environment is web-based and accessed through a portalor software basand require a downloadable executable file. Just like in a real-world classroom, a student in a virtual classroom participates in synchronousinstruction, which means that the teacher and students are logged into the virtual learning environment at the same time.Many schools and businesses have rolled out virtual classrooms to provide synchronous distance education. I have analysed and gathered efficient requirements to develop an effective virtual classroom software.

1 illus, 6 ref

002036   Saini Y;Bajia N C;Jain A (Electronics & Communication Dep, Pratap Univ, Jaipur) : Snapshot model for web based surveillance system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 66-70.

Today's world is computerized world. The cybercrime is also on an increase the web of www is increased day by day. So protection of software is the important part. In existing system, email account can be accessed by providing username and password. Disadvantage of existing system is username is known to everyone and password can be guessed. It is a tedious job to remember password of each account as user has many accounts like on Gmail, yahoo, social networking sites etc. Proposed system will overcome all these disadvantages. Aim of proposed system is to implement a 2D face recognition technique using image processing and design a SMTP/POP3. Email client application that will use the face recognition module for validation and authentication of user. A facial recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. This kind of email application ensures that a person is who they claim to be, eliminating any worry of someone using illicitly obtained keys or access cards.

7 illus, 20 ref

002035   Ravisankar H;Sarala K (Principal Scientist, Central Tobacco Research Institute, Bhaskar Nagar, Rajahmundry-533 105, Email: hravisankar@india.com) : Knowledge-based weather information system. Int J appl Res Inf Technol Comput 2014, 5(2), 159-63.

For the effective management of crop production system, Central Tobacco Research Institute (CTRI), Rajahmundry has been collecting and using weather data since 1960 in record books. Retrieval of data from these records is cumbersome and time consuming and the records are prone to damage for long period of storage. Hence, for easy storage and retrieval, a Knowledge-Based Weather Information System (KBWIS) was developed based on 10 weather parameters available in the records using. Net technology. The KBWIS not only safeguards the available meteorological data but also reduces large number of clerical operations for its retrieval. The KBWIS allows the user to add, view and modify the weather data. Hard/soft copy of the required data on any combination of weather parameters can be retrieved in the form of text along with graphs or exported to Microsoft Word. The KBWIS can also acts as an input for developing forecasting/ prediction models. At present, the weather data collected from 1960 at CTRI and its six regional stations are stored and updated daily in this database. This software can also be customised by the users for storing the weather data collected by them.

5 illus, 11 ref