015002   Nagaje V;Hulle A (Textiles Dep, D.K.T.E. Society's Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji) : Biopolymers in medical textiles. Man Made Text India 2015, 58(11), 419-21.

In recent years, the global warming related issues are tremendously increased and as a result, all industries are trying to put their first step towards greener technology. In earlier years, medical field used the polymers derived from petroleum sources. But nowadays, due to wide research expansion in the field of bio-technology, bio-medical and chemical technology, several Biopolymers have come into existence. The Biopolymers are covering major part of medical field and it enhances its beauty due to its compatibility and degrading nature. The Biopolymer find application in many major areas of medical fields like drugs delivery systems, sutures, scaffolds for tissue engineering etc. In this paper, some biopolymers and their specific application in the medical field and their working mechanism are introduced.

18 ref

015001   Mudnoor V C;Sawant R P;Mahajan A V;Gulve A L (NO, , Anradha Engineering College Chikhli-443 201, Email: vmudnoor.tx008@gmail.com) : Application of textile materials in earth -quake resistance constructions. J Text Ass 2015, 76(1), 19-23.

Present paper reports some of the important application of textile materials in earthquake resistance constructions. In earthquake resistant design it is important to ensure ductility in the structure, i.e. the structure should be able to deform without causing failure and the use of textile in earthquake resistant design will give better ductility in the structure.

6 illus, 5 tables

015000   Mohapatra H S;Goswami K K (NO, Indian Institute of Carpet Technology, Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh-221 401) : Microscopic, IR-spectroscopic and thermal analysis on biodegradability of jute. J Text Ass 2015, 76(4), 217-21.

Natural cellulosic fibres like cotton, linen, jute etc are mainly composed of biopolymers available in the biospheres. Products produced from biopolymers including cellulose are very susceptible for microbial growth which can leads to many aesthetic, functional problems and even infection. The present study focuses on preparation and characterization of biodegradation of jute well known for its lignocellulosic composition. The study includes characterization tests such as morphological analysis through optical and scanning electron microscopy, functional group analysis through infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis through thermo gravimetric analysis.

3 illus, 22 ref

014999   Mathialagan P (Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension and Entrepreneurship Dep, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: perumathi@gmail.com) : Women empowerment through participation in backyard poultry rearing: a case study from Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. Indian vet J 2015, 92(10), 75-6.

Women play a significant and crucial role in agricultural development and allied fields. This paper presents a potentially effective empowerment strategy for women, using Backyard poultry as a case-study. The empowerment of women is the key issue in protecting women's interests. The rural women folk were provided with desi poultry birds, inputs and capacity building to strengthen their livelihood and economic improvement. A unit of 1 male and 2 female desi chicken (8 weeks old) was supplied to the beneficiaries after deworming and vaccination against Ranikhet disease. The beneficiary was trained on package of practices related to backyard poultry-keeping. The economic analysis of a single case proved substantial income from the provided input.

^ssc3 ref

014998   Madiwale P;Shukla R;Adivarekar R (NO, , ) : Chapter 6: Wool based scaffolds. J Text Ass 2015, 76(1), 30-2.

1 table

014997   Kumaravel S;Venkatachalam A (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: kumaratexti@gmail.com) : Development of nylon/carbon nanotube multilayered fabric for protective application. J Text Ass 2015, 76(4), 229-34.

Bullet proof vest is one of the protective application which helps for protection of ballistic impact to the fabric who wears the vest. In previous days, hard rigid materials were used to protect from the ballistic impact to the wearer, which resisted the penetration and dissipated the impact. Then synthetic textile fibres were used for ballistic resistance and in recent days, the high performance textile fibres are used to resist the ballistic impact. Now Kevlar fibre is used to produce bullet proof vest which has some disadvantages like low compression property. Nylon filament yarn and Carbon nanotube can be an alternative for existing Kevlar bullet proof vest. A combination of nylon filament yarn and carbon nanotube can effectively fulfil the requirements of ballistic impact and save the life of wearer. Nylon filament yarn of 858 denier and 1330 denier was taken for the work. The multi layered woven fabric was produced by using nylon filament yarn of two various deniers. The fabric structure used was plain weave, because each fabric layer reduces the energy of projectile. The developed multi layer fabrics were coated with multiwalled carbon nanotube by using textile coating method. The technical test and field test were carried for existing bullet proof vest, uncoated nylon bullet proof vest and coated bullet proof vest.

3 illus, 9 tables, 10 ref

014996   Khanna S;Kaur A (Fashion & Apparel Engineering Dep, The Technological Institute of textiles & Sciences, Bhiwani, Haryana, Email: sh_khanna2002@yahoo.com) : Effect of various process variables on button pullout strength of buttons. J Text Ass 2015, 76(2), 102-6.

Paper aims at the elucidation of the effect of process variables for button attachment for apparels as Men's attire. A number of sewing threads of variable compositions, hand and machine needles along with button varieties were taken for the study to highlight the impact of hand and machine sewing operations on the performance of button attachment in terms of button pull strength. The modes and work done for button detachment have also been investigated, that is ought to be one of the prime area of concern for the garment technologists to produce quality apparels.

8 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

014995   Hegde M G (Fashion Design Dep, M.S Ramaiah Univ of Applied Sciences, Bangalore-560 054, Email: mamathahegde.fd.ad@msruas.ac.in) : Overview on the growth and prospectus of intelligent textiles and clothing. J Text Ass 2015, 76(1), 15-18.

Fusion of heritage with advanced digital technology is the motto for the future researchers in the field of '"- art, design and technology. The basic materials needed to construct e-textiles, conductive threads and fabrics have been around for over 1000 years. Performance apparel represents one of the fastest growing sectors of the international textile and clothing industry and market growth is being fuelled by the emergence of new fibres, new fabrics and innovative process and technologies. Smart textiles can be broken into two different categories: Aesthetic and Performance Enhancing. In fashion the applications are more focused on visual or tactile feedback from the wearer. Smart textile represents the next generation of textiles and today it is dominating research and commercial activities. Next generation of textiles will have the ability to monitor their environment and interact accordingly in order to accomplish a pre-programmed functionality. There is a need for a novel technology with electronically active and sensor fibres, which will be the basic building blocks of the next generation of smart fibrous materials. Smart clothing can be used in high risk work sector as wounded soldiers at the war front, fire fighter who is hurt at work and police officer in danger. Intelligent textiles have high potential impact in surgical, patient clothing, drug delivery and the environment for both hospital and home care.

4 illus, 15 ref

014994   Hakeim O A;Zawahry M M E;Aly N M;Hawary N S; Diab H A;Marwa A A (NO, , 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt-12622, Email: maroatf@yahoo.com) : Anti-static and functional properties of aminosilsequioxane oligomer treated and dyed fabrics. J Text Ass 2015, 76(2), 90-101.

Investigation of the electrostatic properties of textile materials is of major importance for evaluating the physiological comfort of fabrics especially with synthetic fibers. Static electricity is related to the inability of the textile material jib dissipate generated and accumulated charges, which may lead to feeling uncomfortable or sometimes leads to dangerous electrical shocks. Antistatic finishes are used to reduce electrostatic charges build up on fabric's surface. In the present work, plain woven fabrics produced from wool, polyester materials and their blend were subjected to antistatic pretreatment using Aminopropylsilsesquioxane-vinyl-sesquioxane copolymer (APSV) at different concentrations, followed by dyeing with acid dyes. Static charges on the fabrics surface as well as the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated before and after the dyeing process. ANOVA test was used for analysis of the experimental results at 5% level of significance. The results demonstrated that, the pretreatment using APSV enhanced the color strength of acid dye stuffs regardless the type of fiber. The yarn materials, fabric cover factor and treatment had a high significant effect on the antistatic properties and the functional properties of the fabrics. The polyester fabrics treated with 7.5% APSV and the untreated polyester dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 117 showed improved performance in reducing static charges build up.

18 illus, 9 tables, 30 ref

014993   Ganesan P;Vardhini K J V (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: ganeshg007@gmail.com) : Herbal treated microbial resistant fabrics for healthcare textiles. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2015, 6(3), 227-30.

This study deals with the effect of coating herbs on single jersey knitted fabric to evaluate the microbial resistance nature of healthcare textiles. In this work four types of herbs were identified such as Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Konrai (Cassia fistula L.), Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) and Papaya (Carica papaya L.). The application methods were adopted in both direct/exhaust (aqueous and methanol with citric acid is a cross linking agent extract) and microencapsulation of herbal extracts on single jersey knitted fabric by pad-dry-cure method. Herbal treated fabrics underwent SEM analysis and antimicrobial activity (both quantitative and qualitative) was conducted. The treated samples were evaluated for wash durability by AATCC-100-2004. The microencapsulated treated fabrics showed better antibacterial activity up to 15 washes compared to directly applied, aqueous and menthol extract treated fabrics.

2 tables, 18 ref

014992   Dey D K (Marketing and Strategy Dep, IBS Hyderabad, IFHE Hyderabad, IFHE Univ, Dontanapally Village, Shankarpally Road, Hyderabad-501 203, Email: dipanjandey@ibsindia.org) : Factors affecting the purchase intentions of young generation for branded apparels. J Text Ass 2015, 76(1), 24-7.

Effectively analyzing Consumer Buying Behavior is one of the must-do tasks in a retail sector. This research has analyzed the factors influencing the consumers buying behavior for branded apparels with young generation, across both genders, as the target customers. A focus group study was carried out in order to identify the variables such as Quality, Price, Variety, Promotional schemes, Advertisement, Easy availability, Frequency of new arrivals, Celebrity endorsement. We also went through the existing research material available through various sources and a questionnaire based on these variables was developed. In order to ensure the understandability and clarity of the items to the target group, we pre- tested the same. The data was then collected through a sample survey. The data analysis and interpretation has been done through multiple regression analysis.

3 tables, 10 ref

014991   Biranje S;Madiwale P;Shukla R;Adivarekar R (NO, , ) : Textile scaffolds as tissue adhesives. J Text Ass 2015, 76(2), 111-15.

Two, through cross functional teams/specific groups by using tools without incurring any or insignificant expenditure. The system is not theoretical but I have practiced it at some organizations with significant positive results. The system has led to continuous improvements/cost reduction and hence facilitated in increasing the profits.

3 tables

014990   Basu B (NO, , ) : Better maintenance, better performance and quality in texturinzing industry. Man Made Text India 2015, 58(11), 427-30.

Paper deals with the process of texturization and the quality control aspects of texturizing industry for better performance and lesser defects in the downstream processing.

2 illus, 3 tables

014989   Bag S N;Kumar U C;Pal A K (NO, Gobindapur Sephali Memorial Polytechnic, Guskara, Burdwan) : Challenges, threats and opportunities of jute industry. Man Made Text India 2015, 58(10), 385-93.

The Jute industry, one of the major industries in the eastern region, occupies an important place in the national economy of India. Jute meets all the standards for 'safe' packaging in view of being a natural, renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly product. Yet, the industry still needs to explore and identify various opportunities and challenges ahead to compete at national as well as international markets. This review paper focuses on different aspects of Jute Industries and suggests extensive research needed right from raw material production, process of manufacturing and diversification of products. Necessary emphasis needs to be given on economic, technological and worker related issues of jute mills, opportunities and challenges faced by the jute manufacturing industry, and possible policy options with a view to develop a viable and an efficient jute manufacturing sector in the country.

^iia30 ref

014988   Almetwally A A;Mourad M M;Hebeish A A;Aly N M (Textile Research Div, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Email: saaa_2510@yahoo.com) : Comparison of handle properties of cotton fabrics woven from ring and compact spun yarns from different pneumatic compacting systems. J Text Ass 2015, 76(4), 222-8.

This research is a comparative study of handle-related properties of compact and ring yarn fabrics woven from these yarns. Compact yarns were spun on three different pneumatic compacting systems, namely Rieter, Toyota and Suessen. Each ring and compact spun yarns were woven to fabrics with three different weave structures, i.e. 1/1 plain, twill 3/3 and satin 6. All woven fabrics samples' were tested for their extensibility, bending rigidity, shear rigidity, compressibility and formability using FAST evaluation system. The findings of this study reveal that pneumatic compact yarn fabrics were superior to the corresponding ring yarn fabrics with respect to handle properties. Weave structure was found to have a profound influence on all handle- related properties. Cotton fabrics with plain weave structure outperformed the other weave structures in all handle properties.

5 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

014005   Zhang Z;Li J;Wang Y (NO, Fashion Institute of Donghua Univ, Shanghai-200 051, China, Email: lijun@dhu.edu.cn) : Improving garment thermal insulation property by combining two non-contact measuring tools. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 392-8.

To investigate the effect of air gaps on the heat transfer performance of clothing, the method using the combination of two non-contact measuring tools (infrared thermal camera and 3D body scanner) has been developed considering the quantification of the air gap thickness and clothing surface temperature of different body parts without contacting clothing surface directly. The results show that the air gaps over middle and lower back of upper body have the largest thickness in all body parts, while the front and back shoulders have the smallest air gap thickness. The one-way analysis of variance shows that air gap thickness under shoulder segments has no significant difference in terms of size. Furthermore, clothing surface temperatures of shoulder and chest decrease gradually along with air gap thickness; clothing surface temperatures of front abdomen, front waist, pelvis and hip segments decrease initially but begin to increase when the air gap is above 1.5cm; clothing surface temperatures of middle back and back waist continually increase with the air gap thickness. Based on the comprehensive analyzation of the distributed features of air gap thickness and clothing surface temperature of different body parts, a revised clothing pattern with lower regional temperature and higher thermal insulation is put forward.

5 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

014004   Zarrebini M;Saghafi R;Semnaini D;Mahmoudi M R (Textile Engineering Dep, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, Email: zarrebini@cc.iut.ac.ir) : High pressure injection technique for hypochlorite treatment of polysulfone hollow fibre membranes. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 405-13.

High pressure injection technique for hypochlorite treatment of polysulfone hollow fibre membranes has been developed. This technique allows injection of the hypochlorite solution into the channel of the fibres at a high pressure. The effect of this treatment on water flux of the membranes is studied. The results are compared with the water flux of identical membranes subjected to traditional hypochlorite treatment. Concentrated polymer solution containing polysulfone (PSf) /poly-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-K90)/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in weight ratio of 15/5/80 together with two types of bore fluids have been used for the production of two types of hollow fibre membranes via dry-wet-spinning process. Distilled water and mixture of NMP/ distilled water are used as bore fluids. Atomic force microscopic analysis and image processing technique (SEM microphotographs) have been employed to investigate performance of PSf hollow fibres treated with the traditional and high pressure injection techniques in relation to the composition of bore fluid. It is observed that in general both treatment methods result in the increase in water flux of the hollow fibres due to elimination of PVP (poly-vinyl pyrrolidone) swelling and alteration in pore size and pore distribution. The rate of increase in water flux in the membranes treated by high pressure injection technique is found to be higher in comparison to traditionally treated membranes. It is also found that the membranes produced using a mixture of NMP/ distilled water as bore fluid exhibit a higher rate of flux increase than those produced using distilled water. High pressure injection technique yields to production of highly permeable membranes. In addition, it is found that the composition of bore fluid controls the performance of the membranes subjected to hypochlorite treatment.

6 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

014003   Yekrang J;Sarijeh B;Semnani D;Zarrebini M (Textile Engineering Dep, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, Email: javad.yekrang@tx.iut.ac.ir) : Prediction of heat transfer and air permeability properties of light weight nonwovens using artificial intelligence. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 373-79.

Effects of pore sizes and distribution of pore sizes of light weight spunlace nonwovens on the heat transfer and air permeability of these fabrics have been studied. Image analysis has been applied to extract the geometrical features of the cross-section of spunlace samples (pore sizes and distribution of pore sizes) at the different layers in the thickness direction. A neural network model is also developed for the prediction of heat transfer and air permeability with respects to structural properties of light weight nonwovens. Results show that the increase in pore sizes and distribution factor of pore sizes increases the air flow rate and heat transfer properties of the nonwoven fabrics respectively. The neural network model also predicts the air permeability and heat transfer of nonwovens in terms of the measured geometrical properties.

5 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

014002   Vorac J;Stork V;Saul P;Gancarcik T (Physical Electronics Dep, Faculty of Science, Masaryk Univ, Kotlarska 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic, Email: vorac@mail.muni.cz) : Simple method for measurement of fetability of rabbit hair. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 458-62.

In this work, a simple method for testing the felting propensity of carded top prepared from chemically treated, short and thick animal hairs, together with the necessary devices has been developed. Similar to the Aachen felting test, external force is applied to the wet sample of the fibres until felting occurs. The felting propensity is then determined from the dimensions of the resulting felted body. The main difference is that the sample is prevented from disintegration during the procedure that usually occurs, when a standard Aachen test is applied.

^ssc3 illus, 10 ref

014001   Taghipoor F;Hasani H;Khalili H (Textile Engineering Dep, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran) : Structural parameters effect on UVR transmission of weft knitted fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 386-91.

Effects of knit structure, knit density, material type and presence of elastic yarn in weft knitted cotton/ polyester and polyester fabrics on UVR transmission have been investigated. According to the Taguchi method used for determining the combination of selected variables and their levels, 16 knitted samples have been produced on a single jersey circular knitting machine. After relaxation, samples have been kept in sunlight simulator and exposed to sun radiation. Finally, the amount of UV transmitted by every sample is measured by spectrophotometer. The results analyzed using Minitab software show that all the controllable variables have a significant effect on UV transmission. Also, according to the signal to noise analysis, the factor 'presence of elastic yarn' shows the strongest effect on UVR transmission. The second effective factor is found 'fabric structure' which is followed by the other two factors, viz. 'material type' and 'knit density' respectively.

3 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

014000   Sivakumar V;Ponnusawmy C;Sudalaimani K; Rangasamy T;Muralidharan C;Mandal A B (Chemical Engineering Div, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai-600 020, Email: vsival clri@gmail.com) : Ammonia free deliming process in leather industry based on eco-benign products. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(9), 518-21.

Deliming is one of the most important unit operations in leather processing. Conventional deliming process employs ammonium salts which generates considerable amount of ammonia during the process, making tannery environment unhealthy. Therefore ammonia free deliming process is necessary in view of environmental concern. Even though ammonia free alternate deliming processes have been studied earlier, they have not yet provided commercial viability so for. Hence in this paper, ammonia free deliming process based on eco-benign natural products as developed by CSIR-CLRI has been presented. Studies involve analyzing their efficiency, process parameters, quality of leather produced and to develop a viable ammonia free deliming system. The results indicate that complete deliming could be achieved using this product. Physical testing results indicate that strength properties are on par with control process and pass minimum test requirements for shoe upper leather. Organoleptic properties and overall assessments indicate that leathers delimed with CSIR-CLRI AFD are on par with that of conventional leathers. Thus, CSIR-CLRI based AFD could provide alternative system as ammonia free deliming process, which is of great environmental and safety concern.

3 tables, 15 ref

013999   Shaki H;Gharanjig K;Khosravi A (Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Dep, Amirkabir Univ of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Email: gharanjig@icrc.ac.ir) : Spectral, dyeing and antimicrobial properties of some monoazo naphthalimide dyes on polyamide. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 425-30.

Series of monoazo disperse dyes based on naphthalimide has been applied on to the nylon fabrics. The build-up values and dyeing properties of these dyes, such as leveling, and wash, light and rub fastnesses on nylon fabrics have been assessed. The dyes N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide- azo-4"-N,N-diethyl meta toluidine (A) and N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide-azo-2"- acetylamino-4"- N,N- diethyl aniline (B) show higher build-up values on polyamide fabrics as compared to the dyes N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide- azo- 4"- N-hydroxy ethyl-N- ethyl aniline (C) and N-2-aminomethylpyridine-1,8-naphthalimide- azo- 4"- N-hydroxy ethyl-N- ethyl aniline quaternized with 1- bromobutane (D). All of the applied dyes exhibit excellent rub fastness, good wash fastness and moderate light fastness on nylon fabrics. In addition, the molar extinction coefficient, wavelengths of the maximum absorption and solvatochromism effects have also been studied using chloroform, toluene, and DMF as solvents. Positive solvatochromism occurs when toluene is replaced by DMF as solvent. The antimicrobial properties of dyed fabrics are evaluated against various bacteria; the dyed fabrics exhibit antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

3 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

013998   Ramprasath R;Jayabal S (NO, Sri Aravindar Engineering College, Sedarapet-605 111, Email: ramsince1979@yahoo.com) : Optimization of impact behavior of bio particulated coir-vinyl ester composites using simulated annealing with post analysis. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 380-5.

Present investigation is focused on evaluation and optimization of impact behavior of bio particulated coir-vinyl ester composites. The bio particles such as groundnut shell, alumina and termite mound soil have been selected and their influences on the impact behavior of coir -vinyl ester composites are evaluated. The bio particulated composite fabrications are planned as per full factorial design with the different levels of fibre length, fibre content and particulate content. The impact strength of fabricated composites is evaluated. The nonlinear regression models are developed for the prediction of impact behaviors over the specified range of conditions. The fabrication parameters for the maximum value of impact behaviors are also determined using simulated annealing algorithm and conformance checking is carried out using post analysis. The optimum values of impact behaviors of 39.5, 45.9 and 52.1 kJ/m^{2 are obtained in coir-vinyl ester composites reinforced with groundnut shell, alumina and termite mound soil respectively.}

5 illus, 10 ref

013997   Qu L;Zhu S;Tian M;Guo X;Han G;Zhang Y;Tang X; Sun K (College of Textiles, Qingdao Univ, Shandong, China, Email: linjunqu@126.com) : Microwave-assisted non-thermal hemp degumming. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 453-7.

Microwave-assisted non-thermal degumming of hemp fibre has been studied and then compared with the water bath heating under different time and temperature conditions. The results show that the residual gum content of the lean hemp using microwave-assisted heating method is lower than that obtained using water bath heating. The residual gum content gap between the two degumming processes increases first and then decreases as the heating time and temperature are increased. This proves the existence of non-thermal effects in microwave heating process besides the thermal effects in water bath heating. In addition, the structures of the lean hemp fibres obtained from these two methods are also studied by scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

013996   Patil P D;Rao C R;Wasif A I;Anekar S V;Nagla J R (Technology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Mahrashtra, Email: pdpchem@gmail.com) : Cashew-nut husk dye extraction using Taguchi optimization: green chemistry approach. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(9), 512-7.

Using natural dyes instead of their synthetic counter parts is very good example of implementation of green chemistry principles. The present study is focused on optimization of extraction conditions during natural dye extraction from cashew-nut husk, an agro-waste. Taguchi technique was employed for optimizing the parameters namely particle size of the raw dyestuff, solid-liquid ratio, time of extraction and method of extraction assistance. The results indicated 150 micron particle size; 1:20 as solid-solvent ratio, three hours for extraction and enzyme addition as assistance for extraction as the optimum conditions for extraction. The absorbance values for the control and optimum extraction runs were found to be 0.945 and 1.381 respectively. The extraction carried out with optimum conditions showed significant improvement in the extraction efficiency in terms of 46% increase in the dye yield.

3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

013995   Parmar M S;Bahl M;Rao J V (NO, Northern India Textile Research Association, Sector 23, Rajnagar, Ghaziabad-201 002, Email: msprmr@yahoo.com) : Milkweed blended fabrics and their thermal insulation and UV protection properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 351-5.

Two sets of milkweed blended weft knitted fabrics have been produced and then tested for their constructional properties like courses/wales per inch, thickness, weight and tightness factor. These fabrics are also evaluated for thermal insulation (TI), water vapour permeability, air permeability and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) properties and then compared with the only cotton and polyester knitted fabrics. The UPF and TI data of various blends of milkweed fibre with cotton or polyester have beed evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results reveal that the thermal insulation and ultraviolet protection factor of the milkweed blended fabric are higher than the corresponding properties of cotton and polyester fabrics, while the air permeability and water permeability properties are lower than the corresponding properties of cotton and polyester knitted fabrics.

1 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

013994   Panneerselvam R G;Rathakrishnan L;Vijayakumar H L (Weaving Dep, Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Chowkaghat, Varanasi-221 002, Email: rgpanneer61@gmail.com) : Weaving twill damask fabric using 'section-scale-stitch' harnessing. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 356-62.

Possibility of weaving figured twill damask using the combination of 'sectional-scaled- stitched' (SSS) harnessing systems has been explored. Setting of sectional, pressure harness systems used in jacquard have been studied. The arrangements of weave marks of twill damask using the warp face and weft face twills of 4 threads have been analyzed. The different characteristics of the weave have been identified. The methodology of setting the jacquard harness along with healds has been derived corresponding to the weave analysis. It involves in making the harness / ends in two sections; one section is to increase the figuring capacity by scaling the harness and combining it with other section of simple stitching harnessing of ends. Hence, the new harness methodology has been named as 'section-scale-stitch' harnessing. The advantages of new SSS harnessing to weave figured twill damask have been recorded. It is observed that the new harnessing methodology has got the advantages like increased figuring capacity with the given jacquard, less strain on the ends and versatility to produce all range of products of twill damask. It is also found that the new harnessing is suitable to weave figured double cloth using interchanging double equal plain cloth, extra warp and extra weft weaving.

4 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

013993   Pan N C;Chattopadhyay S N;Roy A K (Chemical & Biochemical Processing Div, National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, Kolkata-700 040, Email: ncpan_in@yahoo.com) : Application of biotechnology in the coloration of jute fabric using bis-triazinyl type of reactive type of reactive dyes. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 414-18.

Two sets of processed jute fabric, viz. alkaline scoured-bleached and bioscoured -bleached jute fabrics, have been dyed separately with two neucleophilic substitution type (bis- triazinyl type) of reactive dyes, namely Procion Blue HERD and Procion Green HE4BD dyes. It is observed that bioscoured - bleached- reactive dyed jute fabric shows higher dye uptake than that produced by alkaline scoured-bleached-reactive dyed jute fabric in case of both the reactive dyes. Bio-treatment results in improvement of handle and wash fastness properties of jute fabric. Brightness of the shade is also improved in case of biotreated-bleached-reactive dyed jute fabric.

5 tables

013992   Narayana Swamy V;Gowda K N N;Sudhakar R (Fashion and Apparel Design Dep, The Oxford College of Science, Bangalore-560 102, Email: gvnnarayan@gmail.com) : Dyeing of silk using Madhuca longifolia as natural dye source. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 419-24.

Dried leaves of Madhuca longifolia has been evaluated for their potential as a source for natural dyeing of silk. Dye has been extracted under optimum conditions such as extraction pH (10), time (60 min) and temperature (95°°C). The extracted dye has been applied on the silk fabrics and a range of shades are obtained using different methods with or without using mordants. It is found that mordants have a significant effect on the color of dyed silk fabrics. The dyed samples have been evaluated for color measurements and standard wash, light and rub fastness tests. The extracted dye is also tested for some of the eco-parameters using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and GC/MS. The test results are compared with set standards to determine the eco-friendliness of natural dye. Their concentrations are found to be lower than the stipulated limits. The dyed samples are also tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The dyed silk fabrics show acceptable fastness properties and are found to possess antibacterial activity. The results show that Madhuca longifolia leaves are promising as a natural colorant, which would, in turn, pave the way for the discovery of a new range of environment-friendly dyes for textile materials.

4 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

013991   Jin E;Li M;Xi B;Ye Q (School of Textiles & Garments, Shaoxing Univ, Shaoxing-312 000, P R China) : Effects of molecular structure of acrylates on sizing performance of allyl grafted starch. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 437-46.

In order to improve the performance of allyl starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylate) sizes, effect of molecular structure of the acrylate monomers grafted onto allyl starch has been studied. A series of acrylates including methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) have been grafted onto allyl starch with the same degree of substitution through the initiation of Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂/H₂O₂ redox system respectively. Meanwhile, acrylic acid (AA) is also graft copolymerized to maintain good water-dispersibility of the grafted starch. Then the properties of the grafted allyl starch, such as the apparent viscosity, viscosity stability, and adhesion to polyester fibres and the mechanical properties of sizing film, have been studied. It is found that by grafting acrylates onto the molecular chains of starch, the sizing performance of the allyl starch is improved markedly. Under the same feed ratio of the acrylic monomers to allyl starch, allyl starch-g-poly(AA-co-MA) shows higher paste viscosity, viscosity stability, and film elongation than the other kinds of grafted allyl starch. Allyl starch-g-poly(AA-co-EA) also shows higher film strength than the other ones. Both of the allyl starches grafted with MA and EA show higher abrasion resistance of sizing film and better adhesion to polyester fibres.

4 illus, 29 ref

013990   Ghaderpanah P;Mokhtari F;Latifi M (Textile Engineering Dep, Textile Excellence & Research Centers, Amirkabir Univ of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Email: mokhtari.fatemeh2@gmail.com) : Evaluation of false twist textured yarns by image processing. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 399-404.

New method has been introduced to determine the crimp features of false twist textured yarns by applying computer vision and image processing method. Hence, the test results, with accuracy, are achieved more quickly than by the other exciting method. The mean angle of filament orientation in false twist textured yarns with different texturizing variables (heater temperature, texturizing speed and twist) is determined. Similarly, the direct tracking algorithms to achieve a good correlation with crimp contraction are also used. The results show that by this new method a correlation coefficient of more than 95% is achieved between mean orientation angle and crimp contraction.

6 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

013989   Bashari A;Nejad N H;Pourjavadi A (Textile Engineering Dep, Amirkabir Univ of Technology, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, Iran, Email: hemmati@aut.ac.ir) : Effect of stimuli-responsive nano hydrogel finishing on cotton fabric properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 432-6.

Cotton fabrics have been prepared with smart properties by functional finishing with stimuli-responsive nano gel. A biopolymer (chitosan) and a synthetic polymer (poly-NiPAAm) have been used for the synthesis of nano gel through semi-batch surfactant-free dispersion polymerization (SB-SFDP) method. The incorporation of nano gel to textile fabrics is achieved by pad-dry-cure procedure, using an aqueous nano gel dispersion and 1,2,3,4-butantetracarboxylic acid as a crosslinking agent. With this cross linking method, it is possible to integrate the nano gel into the cotton fabric's structure with good resistance to washing. The changes in physiological comfort parameters of cotton fabric such as the water vapor transmission rate, air permeability and vertical wicking as well properties such as the thickness, crease recovery angle, yellowness index and washing fastness of cotton fabric after smart finishing have also been assessed. The results show that the application of nano gel as a smart finishing system not only impairs the intrinsic properties of cotton but also improves the common textile quality by providing new features of stimuli-responsiveness.

5 illus, 12 ref

013988   Asnovic K A;Cervic D D;Mihailovic T V;Kostic M M;Reljic M (Textile Engineering Dep, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade Univ, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Email: cedadragana@ff.bg.ac.rs) : Quality of clothing fabrics in terms of their comfort property. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(4), 363-72.

Quality of various clothing woven fabrics with respect to their comfort properties, such as electro-physical properties, air permeability, and compression properties has been studied. Fabrics are produced from cotton and cotton/polyester fibre blends in plain, twill, satin and basket weave. Results show that cotton fabrics have lower values of the volume resistivity, air permeability and compressive resilience but higher values of effective relative dielectric permeability and compressibility as compared to fabrics that have been produced from cotton/PES fibre blends. Regression analysis shows a strong linear correlative relationship between the air permeability and the porosity of the woven fabrics with very high coefficient of linear correlation (0.9807). It is also observed that comfort properties are determined by the structure of woven fabrics (raw material composition, type of weave) as well as by the fabrics surface condition. Findings of the studies have been used for estimating the quality of woven fabrics in terms of their comfort properties by the application of ranking method. It is concluded that the group of cotton fabrics exhibits better quality of comfort as compared to the group of cotton/PES blend fabrics.

6 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

012997   Xin-rong L;Xiu-ming J;Jian-cheng Y;Xiao-wei W (School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnc Univ, Tianjin-300 387, China, Email: lixinrong7507@hotmail.com) : Theoretical calculation of the 'natural flock restoration' time of a cotton comber. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 288-92.

Based on the overhanging beam theory, the stress on the flock of a cotton comber has been analyzed, and the natural frequency of the 'natural flock restoration' is calculated in combination with energy method. Finally, a theoretical model of the 'natural flock restoration' time has been developed. The model illustrates that the 'natural flock restoration' time of a cotton comber is determined by cotton properties, combing process and mechanical structure. The established theoretical model

6 illus, 16 ref

012996   Tarafder N (NO, Hooghly Engineering Technology College, Hooghly) : Application of geotextiles in railroads. Man Made Text India 2015, 58(8), 299-303.

Geo-textiles are permeable textile structures made of polymeric materials and are used mainly in civil engineering applications in conjunction with soil, rock, and water. Geo-textiles are traditional textile products such as woven and non-woven fabrics. In shear reinforcement a geo-textile that is placed on a soil is loaded in the normal direction and two materials are sheared at their interface similar to direct shear tests. Due to the dynamic nature of the loading on railway tracks the fine soil particles from the sub-grade attempt to enter the voids of the stone and reduce its drainage capability. Application of a suitable geo-textile between the sub-grade and sub-base helps in distributing the normal stress over the sub-grade thereby improving the load bearing capacity of the system. For most filtering problem, the geo-textiles in common use should have permeability which is greater than the soil to be filtered.

13 ref

012995   Szablewski P (Technical Mechanics and Informatics Dep, Lodz Univ of Technology, ul.Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland, Email: poitr.szableswshi@p.lodz.pl) : Estimating engineering constants of a selected model of textile composite. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 236-42.

This study deals with the development of a simple geometric model of fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite. The composite uses an epoxy resin as the matrix, and one layer of a plane wave E-glass fabric as the reinforcement. Using theoretical considerations (based on this model), it is feasible to calculate engineering constants useful for stress analysis. The work consists of developing constitutive model of specific textile composite material (plain weave). There is a numerical constitutive model which approximates the mechanical behavior at the local scale. The method of calculation presented in this study can be applied to other models of FRP composites with other woven fabric geometries, such as Pierce's model of plane wave, Pierce's elliptic model, Kemp model with race track cross-section, and Hearle's model.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

012994   Sriraj;Sruthimitha;Sadhana;Ashwinipriya; Ramakrishnan G;Srinivasan J (Fashion Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore) : Comfort property of plasma treated and untreated knitted fabric. Man Made Text India 2015, 58(9), 335-9.

This paper presents the study of comfort properties of knitted fabrics treated with oxygen plasma for improving functional properties of fabrics. The comfort properties such as thermal resistance, water vapour permeability and air permeability have been evaluated using Permetester, Water vapour permeability tester (cup method), and air permeability tester. The evaluation of comfort properties have been carried out for both treated and untreated fabrics and the results are reported, it was observed from the studies that the fabrics treated with plasma were better in comfort compared to untreated fabrics.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

012993   Sharma A;Singh A;Tara;Sharma E (Textiles & Clothing Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana) : Ecofriendly dyeing of mulberry silk with Beta vulgaris. Int J Family Home Sci 2016, 12(1), 51-8.

Natural dyes are gaining importance due to the increasing demands on manufacturers to produce more environment-friendly alternatives to petrochemical - derived dyes. Natural dyes exhibit better biodegmdability and generally have higher compatibility with the environment compared with their synthetic counterparts. The present study is an endeavor to identify one such source of natural dye, obtainable from the beetroot to dye silk fabric. Dyeing parameters optimized included -8% concentration of dye material on the basis of percent dye absorption out of varying concentration of dye material (2,4,6,8,& 10 g), optimum time for dyeing-30 minutes (out of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes), 4% mordant concentration (out of 2, 3, 4, 6 & 8, g/100 ml). The three methods of mordanting namely pre-mordanting (followed by dyeing), post - mordanting (dyeing followed by mordanting), and simultaneous mordanting (dyeing and mordanting together) were used for optimization process. The best shades of colour were obtained by simultaneous mordanting method. A wide range of shades ranging from yellowish off white to grayish brown were obtained on protein fiber textile substrate. The samples were subjected to washing, perspiration, crocking and light fastness test to find out the resistance of colours to these parameters. Colour fastness towards washing and light was found to improve with the use of mordants while colourfastness towards perspiration and crocking was excellent in both mordanted and unmordanted samples. Overall, it can be concluded that the natural dye obtained from beetroot can be successfully used for dyeing of silk using different natural mordants, which provided different shades of colours having excellent colour fastness to washing, perspiration, crocking and light.

4 tables

012992   Senthilkumar P;Sankarakuthalam E (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: senthiltxt11@gmail.com) : Optimizaation of spinning parameters influencing the tensile property of polyster/cotton vortex yarn. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 256-66.

Influence of vortex spinning parameters on the tensile properties of polyester/cotton vortex yarn has been studied. Polyester/cotton yarn of 50:50 blend ratio have been produced in two different counts (Ne 20s and Ne 40s) each with four different spinning parameters (delivery speed, spindle size, feed ratio and nozzle pressure). Experiments are designed with the aid of response surface method. Accordingly different samples are produced with three levels of each parameter. The tenacity and elongation-at-break have been evaluated from the samples produced with these combinations. It is found that the tenacity of coarser count vortex yarn is influenced by feed ratio and the medium count vortex yarn is influenced by all the spinning parameters considered for this study. Elongation-at-break of coarser count vortex yarn is influenced by the feed ratio and nozzle pressure while that of the medium count vortex yarn is influenced by the spindle size, feed ratio and nozzle pressure. The interactions of spinning parameters have significant influence on the tenacity and elongation-at-break of medium count vortex yarn. On the other hand the interactions have significant influence on the coarser count vortex yarn elongation-at-break, but they do not have any influence on its tenacity.

5 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

012991   Senthil Kumar M;Ashok Kumar L;Keerthana A; Pavithra V;Poongodi S (Textile Technology Dep, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: cmsenthilkumar@yahoo.com) : Design and development of an instrument for non- destructive fabric weight measurement. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 329-33.

In this study, an image processing approach for fabric weight measurement has been proposed and tested. The system involves digital capturing of image using a microscope and then its processing in simple steps using image processing software (MATLAB). The study is conducted using a range of woven fabric samples. The fabrics have been conventionally weighed using an electronic weighing balance, and digital images of the sample fabrics are obtained and processed. The process involves application of suitable filters to obtain weft count, warp count, EPI, PPI and yarn crimp. The values are then substituted in standard formula to obtain the fabric weight. The study shows that the results of the proposed method of image processing, based on fabric weight measurement, are well correlated with the results of conventional method of measurement.

^ssc4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

012990   Saxena A;Singh A;Pandey R;Tiwari M (Textiles & Clothing Dep, College of Home Science, C.S. Agril. Univ., Kanpur) : Effect of various stiffeners on dyed cotton fabric. Int J Family Home Sci 2016, 12(1), 67-75.

Cotton is the backbone of the world's textile trade. It has many qualities and countless end uses, which make it one of the most abundantly used textile fibres in the world. Stiffening makes this fabric heavier, stiff, and crisp. It also adds shine and smoothness to the fabric. In the present research, dyed cotton fabric was finished with various stiffening agents. An attempt has been made to optimize concentration of stiffeners with suitable material to liquor ratio. A descriptive cum experimental research design was used for stiffening of dyed cotton fabric with different agents and tested for physical parameters in order to standardize the process for application of sizing finish. Results for various test viz: Air permeability, Bending length, Crease recovery, Drapebility, Visual evaluation and Cost calculation revealed that 1:5 per cent concentration and 1:60 material to liquor ratio were suitable for stiffening of dyed cotton. Insignificant difference was found between liquors within starch while significant difference was observed between starches and between concentrations within liquor within starch. Present research concludes that arrowroot will be the better alternative for large scale sizing of dyed cotton fabric while gum was found to be best stiffener, if cost is not a constraint.

2 illus, 4 tables

012989   Sagarika Devi;Kaaruppan P (NO, Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiyar Research Centre, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, Email: sagarikadevi@mcrc.murugappa.orgdevi.sagarika@gmail.com) : Reddish brown pigments from Alternaria alternata for textile dyeing and printing. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 315-19.

Reddish brown pigment has been extracted from dry mycelium of Alternaria alternata in methanol and then evaluated for dyeing efficacy on cotton fabrics. The pigment producing fungus A. alternata is grown in maize grain broth maintained at pH 6. Shade of Sienna is obtained on cotton. Dyed cotton fabric has recorded a grey scale rating of 2-3 and 4-5 for colour fastness and multi fibre staining respectively. Maximum dye absorption of 63% has been observed on cotton fabrics. The antimicrobial property of dyed fabric is also tested. Potent antimicrobial activity is observed against Staphylococcus epidermis (42 mm) and Streptococcus pyogenes (39 mm).

1 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

012988   Puspa;Singh V;Punia P (Textile & Apparel Designing Dep, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Efficacy of karanja extract treated cotton fabric against washing. Int J Family Home Sci 2016, 12(1), 59-66.

Karanja methanolic extract from leaves and seeds in viscous state were prepared by soxhlet method and viscous mass was converted in dry state and impregnated in two concentrations i.e. 2.5g/l and 5g/l. The antiseptic containing chloroxylenol treatment was taken as standard. The effect of all karanja extract treatments and antiseptic containing chloroxylenol (standard) treatment, were tested for Aspergillus fungus resistance activity, quantitatively by AATCC-100 test method after washing of samples. Treated samples were washed using standard ISO: 6330-1984E and bacterial count of treated samples again tested and determined percent reduction. After washing it was concluded that leaves extracts in viscous state were more effective than other treatments and 5g/l concentration was found effective after washing after 30 minutes of inoculation of Aspergillus fungus. However it is needed to retreat the fabric samples after every wash. Leaves extracts in viscous state showed comparable results with the antiseptic containing chloroxylenol (standard). In some cases leaves extracts in viscous state was even more effective than antiseptic treatment.

2 illus, 2 tables

012987   Patil A;Dhavale A J (Textiles Dep, D K T E Society'S Textiles and Engineering Institute, Lchalkaranji) : Intermingling technology: an overview. Man Made Text India 2015, 58(8), 309-12.

Intermingling is a technology which is very economical than the older technologies like sizing, twisting in synthetic yarn weaving. In this technology air causes the filaments will be intertwined and mingled with each other to form a compact section. Intermingling finds applications in while spinning stage, at drawing stage and also at warping. Intermingling jet parameters, Machine parameters, Feed yarn properties affects intermingling process. The performance of intermingling process is generally evaluated on the basis of nip frequency, nip stability and nip uniformity.

5 illus, 7 ref

012986   Pasayev N;Atalay M (Textile Engineering Dep, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes Univ, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, Email: nazim@pasayev.com) : Dielectric drying effect on properties of fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 308-14.

Changes in wet fabric properties with applying microwave drying method have been investigated. For this purpose, polyester, polyester-cotton and cotton fabrics have been prepared followed by wet processing and drying. Drying is completed using conventional (convectional) and microwave methods. Fabric properties are determined both before and after drying and then compared. It is observed that the changes in group of properties for microwave drying are not much more than those in conventional drying method. In addition, some product properties get better by using microwave drying method. The results show that the drying method of textile products in electromagnetic field with extremely high changes is much more practicable.

6 illus, 8 ref

012985   Parmar M S;Sisodia N;Singh M (NO, Northern India Textile Research Association, Sector 23, Rajnagar, Ghaziabad-201 002, Email: drmsparmar@nitratextile.org) : Apparatus for quantifications of light and temperature cutting ability of curtains. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 231-5.

Apparatus has been designed and developed to measure the light cutting/absorbing ability of curtains and to provide useful information on their temperature cutting ability. The apparatus is provided with various light sources with light, temperature and humidity detectors. The reproducibility of results, and effect of intensity of light (MBTL light source) on light and temperature cutting ability of six different fabric samples have been studied. The light and temperature cutting ability of the knitted fabric is found to be lower than that of woven and black out curtain fabric samples.

3 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

012984   Pannerselvam R G;Rathakrishnan L;Vijayakumar H L (Weaving Dep, Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Varanasi-221 002, Email: rgpanneer61@gmail.com) : Weaving 'figured -face flip face -fabric' using orthogonal weft tapestry weave. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 320-8.

Aim of this study is to evolve new compound weave structures by modifying and permuting the existing structures. Basic principles of orthogonal structure and weft tapestry structure have been studied. New 'Orthogonal Weft Tapestry (OWT)' weaves are evolved by combining these two weaves and the concepts involved in deriving the new weave have also been developed. The structure of 'Two in one' figured fabric available in the field has been analyzed. This fabric is renamed as 'Figured - Face Flip Face - Fabric (FFFFF)'. Suitability of OWT weave to produce diversified FFFFF has been interpreted. Superimposing the guide graphs for the preparation of weave graph has been worked out using MS Paint to weave this fabric using electronic jacquard. Methodology of making double punching graph for mechanical jacquard weaving is also explored. The feasibilities of weaving these structures are explored using heald-treadle and jacquard shedding devices either separately or in combination. Fabric samples have been developed using mechanical jacquard in handloom. The techno - ergonomics of weaving methods are compared and recorded. It is observed that FFFFF produced with OWT weave has got features like uniqueness in appearance, fascinating utility value, and possibilities of producing exclusive product range.

^ssc7 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

012983   Ozkan I;Kuvetli Y;Baykal P D;Sahin C (Textile Engineering Dep, Industrial Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Cukurova Univ, 01330 Saricam-Adana, Turkey) : Predicting the intermingled yarn number of nips and nips stablity with neutral network models. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 267-72.

This study aims at predicting the effects of selected process parameters on nips stability and number of nips by using different artificial intelligence methods. Partially oriented polyester yarn with 283 dtex linear density and different numbers of filaments are intermingled with different speed and pressure levels. The feed forward neural network with multi-hidden layers (ML-FFNN) and general regression neural networks (GRNN) have been selected as artificial intelligence methods. The number of filaments, intermingling speed and pressure values are used as input variables on the artificial neural networks. The effects of number of hidden layers on the ML-FFNN and number of nodes in the hidden layer are investigated. Based on comparative results, the ML-FFNN is found to give better performance (at most 6%) than by GRNN in terms of prediction accuracy on train and test data sets. It can be concluded from this study that the neural networks has great ability to predict intermingling process parameters.

7 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

012982   Ma J;Yang Y;Qi X (School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan Univ, Qinhuangdao-066 004, P R China, Email: qxw_tougao@163.com) : Tribological performances of fabric self-lubricating liner with different weft densities under severe working conditions. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 293-300.

Several woven fabric self-lubricating liners with weft densities of 200-450 root/10cm in a spacing of 50 root/10cm have been prepared to investigate the tribological performances of the liner under severe working conditions, such as low velocity and heavy load (110, 179 and 248 MPa) and high velocity and light load (9, 18 and 27 m/min) by utilizing the self-lubricating liner performance assessment tester, and MMU-5G friction and wear tester respectively. The worn surface is characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The tribological results show that the fabric self-lubricating liners with different weft densities share almost the same tribological property variation tendency. Fabric tightness affects the wear rate and the stability of wear resistance of liners under severe working conditions. The overall level of friction coefficient and the wear rate of liners with different weft densities are influenced by the cold flow degree of the polymer. In addition, proper weft density improves the tribological properties of liner and a preferred weft density for the liner under severe working conditions is found to be 300-350 root/10cm.

6 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

012981   Liu X;Su X (School of Textile and Clothing, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi-214 122, P R China, Email: liuxinjin2006@163.com) : Properties of knitted fabric made from modified ring-spun yarn. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2015, 40(3), 282-7.

Modified ring spinning system, wherein a kind of airflow twisting device is equipped for improving the twist propagation process of ring spinning system, has been used to spun three different yarns, namely 29.2tex (Ne20), 14.6tex (Ne40), and 9.7tex (Ne60). The properties of corresponding knitted fabric, including the thickness, weight per square meter, distorted angle, bursting strength, and permeability are determined. The results show that the residual torque of spun yarn is reduced with both appropriate anticlockwise and clockwise directions of airflow. It is found that compared to knitted fabric made from conventional ring spinning system, the fabrics spun on modified spinning system show reduced thickness, weight per square meter and spirality angle; increased bursting strength; and improved permeability.

2 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref