007633   Shivaprakash A V;D'Souza D (Govt. S.K.J.T. Inst, , Bangalore-560 001) : Integration of garment industry through enterprise resource planning "E.R.P.". Man Made Text India 2005, 58(5), 270-2.

2 ref

007632   Sharma A K;Anurag S;Thapar S K;Panth M G (Anmol Polymers Pvt. Ltd., , New Delhi) : Enzymatic deinking and alkaline sizing for recycled fiber. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 83-8.

Use of de-inked pulp is essential from the Environment's point to conserve Forest and other resources. De-inking of Waste Paper is must to recycle the paper for producing quality Papers. Compared to the conventional chemical de-inking process, Bio de-inking is a novel concept through which impact on environment is a bare minimum, due to less amount of chemicals used, it also results in cost savings. The savings in cost with Enzymatic De-inking can vary from Rs 150 to Rs.300. per metric ton of fiber. When mills started making Writing and Printing Papers with de-inked Pulps with imported waste paper furnishes, the major problem encountered by mills was due to its inherent filler quality i.e. Calcium Carbonate. It caused several problems during sizing process i.e fluctuations in pH conditions, from mixing chest to Head box, as pH of the stock was widely varying. A temporary solace was to carry out size addition near to Head box and to use dispersed rosin size, which was not a permanent solution. AKD /ASA Sizing, is the only an ultimate solution to overcome these problems. Calcium carbonate filler used has a great impact upon sizing depending upon whether filler is Ground Calcium Carbonate or Precipitated Calcium Carbonate. Precipitated Calcium Carbonate results in more problems as compared to Ground Calcium Carbonate during sizing process.

2 illus, 3 tables

007631   Serres A (R D Director, E & M Lamort, France) : ID2/ID3 a new technological decisive step in the screening processes. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 15-10.

24 illus

007630   Sankara Babu M S;Raghuveer S (I.T.C. Ltd., , PSPD, Sarapaka, Arunachal Pradesh) : Molding of recovered paper into world class paperboards. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 79-81.

Recovered fiber occupies an important role in the World of Paper and Paperboard production. Reclamation of recovered fiber and its re-use has a positive benefit to the environment with regards to solid waste disposal and proportionate reduction in utilization of forest based raw material and agro residues. Use of recovered fiber requires less energy and water. ITC PSPD is one of the largest consumers of recovered fiber with three board machines producing quality coated paperboards. Recovered fiber treatment plant is the biggest in the country, having processing capacity of more than 900 BDMT/day with the latest Technology of DCS. Depicts the salient features of the recovered fiber recycling and processing experience at ITC PSPD, Unit: Bhadrachalam.

2 illus, 3 tables

007629   Sagar R V (NO, PSG Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004) : Surface characterization for compatibility of medical textiles. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(6), 216-9.

Application of streaming potential measurements in support of the development of blood compatible polymers is reviewed. Potentialities of streaming potential measurements for the characterization of biomedical polymers comprise the distinction between interfacial charge formation processes, the derivation of acid-base characteristics of surface functions, and the estimation of the relative contribution of known molecular surface sites to the interfacial charge density. Frequently, polymer surfaces consist of different types of surface sites. Beyond sites with Bronsted-acidic or-basic character the preferential adsorption of electrolyte ions onto indifferent surface sites may substantially contribute to the interfacial charge. Also the use of streaming potential measurements is demonstrated the optimization of surface modifications of cardiovascular implant materials and advanced applications of streaming potential measurements for the characterization of biomedical polymers are comprise the in situ characterization of protein adsorption processes onto polymer solids.

s, 1 table, 18 ref

007628   Ray A K;Sharma A;Srivastava S K (NO, Inst of Paper Technol IIT, Roorkee) : Off-line quality control, an important factor in modern industrial statistical quality control. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 79-86.

Off-Line Quality Control techniques are used prominently in paper industry and have proved efficient and useful in controlling process parameters. Mathematical models to predict and optimize process parameters have long been used in paper industry. A Plethora of Statistical designs are available to optimize quality and factorial designs are one of them. Whenever available information is incomplete a functional study of the process or the plant is required so as to obtain the nature of the response surface and to predict the most desirable and optimum set of parameters. An attempt has been made to develop specific mathematical equations, uniquely representative of all possible combinations of input parameters. An attempt has been made to use off - line quality control technique to optimize few important parameters of paper developed from an admixture of two different raw pulps one being a short fibre pulp and other being a long fibre pulp. Help of Demo software for statistical modeling has been obtained to generate response surface and predict the optima.

10 tables, 5 ref

007627   Raut K B;Awate B P;Gouda Y;Ashok Kumar;Jhanji S C (Ballarpur Industries Limited, , Unit-Ballarpur, Maharashtra) : Effect of broke quality and chemical additives on paper cleanliness. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 69-73.

Paper cleanliness has assumed greater importance particularly for high bright papers used in quality printing segment. Along with other quality parameters, cleanliness plays important role for improving machine runnability by reducing machine breaks. Improved cleanliness also results in higher productivity during converting process at the customers end. Attention is to be focused on quality of various inputs and interaction of wet end additives as they may create problems by deposit formation which appears as holes/ spots when subjected to heat and pressure during subsequent operation. Understanding of wet end chemistry and its control is crucial. On the basis of analysis of spots with FTIR spectroscopy and other analytical techniques, the mill has implemented high density broke cleaning system along with slotted screens to remove heavier particles as well as light impurities like plastic pieces from straps, tapes, pouches, core plug etc to get the desired cleanliness of broke. All these efforts have improved cleanliness level in paper by about 80-85%.

2 illus, 4 tables

007626   Paul S;Madan S;Jaiswal G (Clothing Textiles Dep, Allahabad Agric Inst Deemed Univ, Allahabad-211 007) : Product development using agro-based fibre: girardinia heterophylla. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(6), 223-5.

Describes the processing of the bio-degradable and eco-friendly fibres from Girardinia Heterophylla plant. The methodology of processes from extraction to developing various products is given in brief.

2 illus, 4 tables, 2 ref

007625   Paul P (NO, Giani Zail Singh Coll of Engng & Technolgy, Bathinda) : Vortex spinning, a successful commercial implementation of fasciated yarn technology. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(7), 185-8.

9 illus, 13 ref

007624   Patil V S;Dhake J D;Raut S A (Dep Chem Technol, North Maharashtra Univ, Jalgaon-425 001) : Studies of Kinetics with partly carboxymethylated pulp in terms of chemical upgradation. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 67-74.

The Carboxymethylation of a Cotton and Imported Pulp was conducted in presence of Monochloroacetic acid. The change in a Hydroxyl value was observed as a function of a rime during Carboxymethylation. Cotton Pulp has higher initial hydroxyl value than that of imported Pulp, hence the rate of Carboxymethylation was also higher for cotton pulp than that of imported Pulp. Imported Pulp observed to exhibit Paper Characteristics, Hence imported Pulp is more suitable for Papermaking. Evolution of Characteristics shows the improvement in Tearing Strength for the Paper Sheet made from reacted Pulp but shows decrease in bursting strength and Bursting Factor as Compared to the paper made from Unreacted Pulp. Effect of addition of Acid, Alkali and Alum on the Physical Properties of the Paper Sheet made from the imported Pulp and Cotton Pulp was tested and improvement is observed in a apparent Density, Molten Bursting Strength, Tearing Strength and Opacity. Specially with addition of alkali to the Pulp gives better performance. Kinetics study observed that Monochloroacetic acid was the Limiting Reactant for the Product Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The first order kinetics expression based on calculation of fractional conversion (XA), Carboxymethylation as a function of a time and has been presented in graphs. The plot was linear and passing through the origin confirming first order characteristics of Carboxymethylation reaction. The first order Carboxymethylation rate constants for Cotton Pulp and imported Pulp and has been reported 0.20 and 0.19 hr^-1

9 illus, 7 tables, 20 ref

007623   Mukhopadhyay P (NO, Kumaraguru Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 006) : Cellulosic fibers as reinforcement for composites. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(6), 229-32.

Natural fiber composites are now emerging as a realistic alternative to wood-filled and glass-reinforced composites. While they can deliver the same performance for lower weight, they can also be 25-30 percent stronger for the same weight. Moreover, they exhibit a favorable non-brittle fracture on impact. They are low cost fibers with high specific properties, biodegradable and non-abrasive. However, in development of these composites, the incompatibility of the fibers and poor resistance to moisture often reduce the potential of natural fibers and these draw backs become critical issue. The review addresses the advantages and disadvantages of natural fiber reinforced composites.

2 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

007622   Mukherjee A;Mitra A (Silpa-Sadana, Visva-Bharati, .riniketan-731 236) : A new technique of manufacture, preservation & application of vegetable dyes in bulk for rural cottage industries. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(5), 263-6.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

007621   Mukherjee A (NO, , ) : Preservation of mordant class natural dyes. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(5), 260-2.

2 tables

007620   Maulik S R;Mukherjee A;Pradhan S (Dep Silpa-Sadana (Textile Section), Visva-Bharati Univ, West Bengal) : Jute diversification through innovative dyeing technique. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(7), 200-4.

Government of India is emphasizing on increasing the use of jute in diversified value-added products like curtain, upholstery and soft-luggage and fancy dress materials for the interest of both jute growers as well as manufactures owing to substantial replacement of jute as packaging materials by the synthetic counterpart. From this year the manufactures have to face stiff competition in both domestic as well as export markets due to the open market policy. So innovation in processing of jute fabrics to create novelty, attractiveness and suitability for diversified end use has become most essential. In earlier day's jute in fiber, yarn or fabric form was generally dyed with direct, acid, basic dyes and with pigment colours in stray cases despite some known limitations in colourfastness properties. But for the special diversified value-added products good colourfastness and soft finishes with good dimensional stability are essentially required. Jute-cotton union fabric is one of the diversified products which can be satisfactorily processed in dyeing and finishing for aristocrat furnishing fabric and even for elegant apparel use like fancy jacket with good drape and soft handle respectively. Due to combination of 100 cellulosic and lignocellulosic fibers in union jute fabric, a scope of cross dyeing is pronounced to create novelty shade with good fastness properties by some special techniques which will make it resemble the fabric that has been woven with two sets of different coloured yarns. Also the treatments with some finishing agents will make the fabric suitable for outer garment use. The essence of processing lies in bleaching with hypochlorite solution in descending pH followed by metal elimination with oxalic acid and causticisation for increasing affinity in the subsequent processes. Cross dyeing with colours like reactive-acid, reactive-basic, vat-acid, acid-basic etc. has produced bi-colour effect. The dyed product has been finally treated with cationic softening agents followed by silicon emulsion. The result shows good light fastness and moderate to good wash fastness along with good drape-ability as compared to conventionally processed dyed fabric.

3 tables, 9 ref

007619   Mall I D;Dixit S;Singh A K;Srivastava V C (Dep Chem Engng, Indian Inst of Technol, Roorkee-247 667) : Treatment of small agro based pulp mill effluent using low cost adsorbents. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 55-66.

Agro-based pulp and paper discharges effluent of high COD, BOD and colour The problem is more severe with mills which are not having chemical recovery system. Deals with removal of COD and colour form agro-based paper mills, utilising straw for paper production, with adsorbents waste carbon (WC), bagasse fly ash (BFA) and activated carbon (AC). WC is produced in fertilizer plants during manufacture of ammonia whereas BFA is available as a waste from bagasse-fired boilers. High surface area, pore volume and pore size observed exhibit potential use of WC and BFA as adsorbent. The COD removal kinetics of agro based pulp mill effluent was found to follow pseudo-second order rate expression. Intraparticle diffusion was found to be rate controlling for adsorption. Equilibrium data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherms. Equilibrium adsorption data fitted best for Freundlich isotherm. Economic considerations, adsorbent characterization, and adsorption capacity of the adsorbents show that use of both BFA and WC could be viable alternative adsorbents for treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent.

15 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

007618   Kumar P E;Kulandaivelu A R;Boopathi T S (Res Dep Chem, Erode Arts Coll, Erode-638 009) : Eco-friendly natural dyes from Hibiscus vitifolins and Sesbania aegyptiaca for dyeing. Int J chem Sci 2005, 3(2), 307-20.

The dye extracts have been obtained from Hibiscus vitifolins (HV) and Sesbania aegyptiaca (SA). These dye extracts have been applied on both bleached cotton and silk fabrics. Excellent colour shades and hues resulted on cotton and silk cloth samples when dyed using pre-mordanting, post-mordanting and simultaneous,mordanting methods. The samples have shown good light and rubbing fastness properties.

13 tables, 10 ref

007617   Kanhekar S K;Agnihotri P K;Sharma C;Bansal M C (Dep Paper Technol, Indian Inst of Technol, Roorkee, Saharnapur-247 001, Email: mukeshcbansal@hotmail.com) : Effects of surfactants in flotation deinking of old newsprint. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 63-7.

Effects of surfactants in flotation deinking operation of ONP has been studied using 5 surfactants namely Triton x-100, Tween 80, Brij-35, Anmol surfactant DI and Oleic acid. It is observed that Tritron x-100, Brij-35 and Oleic acid have optimum dosage after which the deinkability factor and flotation rate constant starts decreasin with increasing dosage. In case of Tween 80 and Anmol DI with the increase in their dosage, the deinkability factor and flotation rate constant goes on increasing resulting in better quality pulp while the loss of fines and fibres also increases. It appears that Tween 80 and Anmol DI also accumulate dust or fines along with the ink to form the medium size agglomerate which can be carried away with the air bubble as foam with the increase in dosage. The ink agglomerate size increases with the increase in dosage of Triton X-100, Brij-35 and Oleic acid resulting in its reversal back to the pulp beyond optimum dosage.

6 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

007616   Jahan M S;Chowdhury D A N;Islam M K (Pulp Paper Researach Div, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka Dr. Qudrat-E-Khuda Rd, Dhaka-1 205, Bangladesh) : Alkaline Sulphite Anthraquinone Methanol (ASAM) pulping of jute fibre. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 37-43.

ASAM pulping of whole jute plant was done with varying alkali ratio (Na₂SO₃/NaOH), alkali charge, methanol ratio in the pulping liquors, cooking time and temperature. The pulp yield and Kappa number were decreased with decreasing alkali ratio and with increasing alkali charge and temperature. Methanol in the pulping liquor increased selectivity. At optimum conditions of AS AM pulping, where alkali ratio was 80%, alkali charge 22%, MeOH 25% and cooking time 1 h at 170° C produced pulp yield of 56.6% with Kappa number 39.2. AS AM pulping of whole jute plant resulted in high yield, excellent strength properties and unbleached brightness than the kraft pulp. Oxygen bleaching reduced kappa number by 35% and increased brightness to 56%. Therefore, less chlorine dioxide was needed in subsequent ECF bleaching. ASAM pulp from whole jute plant retained superior strength properties after ECF bleaching. Jute fibre was also cooked in the same optimum conditions of whole jute plant Pulp was produced with very low Kappa number (7.6), very yield (61.5%) and brightness (63%). The strength properties of ASAM pulp from jute fibre were very high. ECF bleaching showed higher strength and brightness as compared to kraft pulp from jute.

8 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

007615   Gupta K K;Singh K (DMSRDE, , GT Road, Kanpur-208 013) : Studies on NIR reflectance values of vat dyed cotton fabrics. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(5), 273-9, 284.

Military IR Uniform is intended to provide camouflage against the visual detection (350-750 nm) as well as Night Vision device (working in the spectral band of 800-1000 nm) in all the terrains and geographical conditions. These uniforms are disruptively dyed with vat class of dyes in appropriate colour scheme and have same %Near Infrared Reflectance level as that of background to match perfectly with the immediate surroundings.

10 tables, 6 ref, 7 graph

007614   Gudiyawar M Y;Adarshe M;Aparaj S;Shirole N (NO, D.K.T.E. Society's Text & Engng Inst, Ichalkaranji-416 115) : Effect of secondary heater temperature of draw-texturising on textured yarn characteristics. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(7), 194-6.

It is always the industrial practice to maintain the secondary heater temperature 15-20°C less than primary heater temprature.It is revealed that the secondary heater temperature affects many of textured yarn characteristics. So, secondary heater temperature should be maintained at optimum level to get the desired yarn characteristics.

5 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

007613   Goswami S;Bhadra K;Pati M (JK Paper Ltd., Cent Pulp Mills, Fort Songadh, Gujarat) : Acid and neutral paper sizing practices for production of quality paper. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 89-91.

Paper mills in India use various types of Raw materials including recycled fiber in the production of various grades of paper ranging from cultural to packaging paper. Internal sizing is a basic requirement of paper. It is done to impart a hydrophobic surface which resists water penetration into paper. Conventional internal sizing of paper using gum rosin and alum has been in practice for a long time in Indian Paper Industry. Thereafter mills switched over to fortified rosin and the trend continued for few years. However, in acid sizing process with either gum rosin or fortified rosin, stock pH of 4.3 to 4.6 is maintained which retards the affect of optical whitening agent. Thus paper brightness could not be increased to the desired extent. Further, due to lower paper pH, acid induced colour reversion takes place resulting yellowness development in paper in due course of time. In order to overcome these hurdles due to lower pH of stock, neutral sizing has been introduced by many paper mills in our country. However, Alkaline sizing using AKD and / or ASA with Calcium Carbonate as filler is the technology Indian Paper Mills need to adopt for competing in the international market. Continual research work in the arena of paper sizing is on going process. As a result, various additives have been recently developed which are added to surface sizing solution and reduce internal sizing chemical consumption at wet end as well as sizing cost of paper. This development is a radical change in the technology of paper sizing. The present paper discusses about sizing practices followed at JK Paper Ltd, Unit: Central Pulp Mills with special reference to a new additive which was used in surface sizing and reduced consumption of internal sizing chemicals at wet end.

2 illus, 2 tables

007612   Georgieva A;Alexandrov B;Ivanovo Chr.;Topalov I;Nikolov S (NO, Univ of Chem Technol and Metallurgy, 8 "Klimant Ohridski" Bul, 1756 - Sofia, Bulgaria) : Possibilities for creating cellulose textile materials with Antimicrobial and Haemostatic properties. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(6), 216-9.

Method for combined antibacterial and antimycotic treatment of cellulose textile materials, intended for producing bandaging materials, has been developed. An appropriate antimicrobial substance has been selected - nibiol in the form of potassium salt which has a very wide range of action. The optimal technological parameters have been established and a very high and stable to sterilization antimicrobial effect has been proved. The effect has been proved by the agar-diffusion method and very high inhibition zones towards dangerous disease carriers like cholera, plague, anthrax, etc. have been established. A method for combined antimicrobial and haemostatic treatment of cellulose textile materials has been developed. A suitable substance calcium dichloride as been selected for imparting haemostatic properties. Very good and stable to sterilization antimicrobial and haemostatic effects have been established.

s, 6 tables, 7 ref

007611   Garg M;Pramod Kumar;Singh S P (Dep Paper Technol, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur campus, Saharanpur-247 001) : Comparison of deinking behaviour of glazed newsprint with ONP. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 39-44.

Relationships between efficiency and operating parameters have been studied for flotation deinking of weekly inserts in national dailies. These papers contain heavy printing of both text and pictures in coloured and black inks on glazed newsprint. These papers are similar in nature to most news magazines. Laboratory experiments have been conducted at varying doses of chemicals, temperature during disintegration, and yields of deinked pulp. The efficiency of deinking has been evaluated in terms of brightness and effective residual ink concentration (ERIC-950). Author has observed that repulping of color-printed glazed newsprint at 60 °C show a poor deinking efficiency. The ink particles and the pulp fibers remain agglomerated and the separation of ink by flotation is difficult. The efficiency of flotation deinking improves when the temperature of repulping is increased to 90°C. An efficient dispersion of ink particles during repulping is critical for bleaching of flotation-deinked pulp.

4 illus, 6 tables, 7 ref

007610   Gangwar A K S;Uttam M (Dep Text Technol, G.C.T.I., Kanpur) : Better yarn realization through optimization of pneumafil waste in ring spinning. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(7), 197-9.

Causes of increase in pneumafil waste at ring frame have been studied. It was observed that pneumafil waste increases due to higher end breakage rate and high piecing time. It is verified from the study that control of pneumafil waste results in better yarn realization. Feed material variability directly affects the end breakage rates pneumafil waste and hence yarn realization.

3 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

007609   Dixit S;Jahan S (Dep Clothing Textiles, Coll of Home Sci G.B.P.U.A. & T, Pantnagar) : Optimization of dyeing variables for Euphorbia (Euphorbia cotinifolia) leaves dye on silk fabric. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(7), 191-3.

3 illus, 4 tables

007608   Dixit S;Jahan S (Dep Clothing Textiles, Coll of Home Sci G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar) : Colourfastness properties of Euphorbia (Euphorbia cotinifolia) leaves dye on silk fabric. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(5), 252-4.

4 tables

007607   Deshmukh S (Navneet Publications (I) Ltd., , Navneet House, Gurukul, Memnagar Road, Ahmedabad-380052, Email: shrirangdeshmukh@navneet.com) : Coefficient of friction comparision of papers from recycled Vs virgin fibres in the light of stock preparation. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 35-7.

Both surface chemistry and mechanical parameters are decisive. A high surface energy surface i.e. a hydrophilic paper surface with all the oleophyllic material removed has a high paper to paper and paper to metal friction. The static coefficient of friction for all filler free papers tested were near 0.70 independent of pulp type. In clay filled papers the friction coefficient was around 0.55 Long Aliphatic Chains, such as those from fatty acids in the paper surface yield a low energy surface and a low metal to paper friction. Paper roughness has little if any effect on paper friction but the metal to paper friction is expected to increase with metal surface roughness due to ploughing effect of its harder, rough surface particles into softer paper material.

3 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

007606   De P;Chaudhari S S;Sule A D (Synth Art Silk Mills' Res Ass, SASMIRA, Mumbai-400 030) : Design and Development of a Scientific Colour Viewing Cabinet: Part I. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(6), 220-4.

Colour viewing cabinet is a primary essential accessory for shade or colour matching in large production scale in textile process house. Colours are evaluated under different standard light sources, which are accepted internationally. The ultimate goal of the paper is standardisation and development of precision type colour viewing cabinet using maximum light sources under one viewing area.

6 illus, 7 ref

007605   Chowdhury P;Gupta P;Manoj Kumar;Bajpai P K; Varadhan R (Ballarpur Industries Ltd., , Gurgaon) : Study on improving the opacity of paper using adjunct filler pigments. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 57-62.

Most writing and printing papers as well as many other paper and board qualities require high brightness and opacity to satisfy both the aesthetic and technical demands of carrying printed information. Sufficient opacity is important to prevent printed text from showing through on the reverse side of a paper. High brightness can be achieved by improved bleaching of pulp. However, opacity decreases with increase in brightness. Opacity of a paper can be increased with the help of filler loading. Some fillers like TiO₂, calcium carbonate, talc etc. can be loaded in paper to increase its opacity. TiO₂ being very expensive can not be used in all the grades of paper. Some adjunct fillers/ filler extenders (both organic and inorganic) having good opacifying characteristics have been used in combination with calcium carbonate and talc. Effect of fillers on the optical properties (mainly on opacity) was studied. Three different filler extenders were evaluated for increasing the opacity. There was a significant change in opacity when these were used in combination with talc. But, the increment in opacity was not so significant when used in combination with very fine calcium carbonate.

2 illus, 6 tables,

007604   Chatterjee A K;Jadhav S C (Chf Executive PPIL, , Handesra, Distt., Patiala, Punjab) : Environment friendly waste paper processing. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 101-3.

A specially formulated Alkaline Fatty Oil used successfully to De-Ink ONP, Magazine trimmings etc. by PPIL, a 150 TPD News Print Mill and achieved substantial reduction of series of de-inking & Bleaching Chemicals-resulting reduction in pollution-loads and making the product highly cost-effective.

^ccr1 illus, 4 tables

007603   Chamberlain D (Dep Paper Sci, , Manchester, U.M.I.S.T., M60 1QD, England) : Anion control of Wet strengthening reactions catalysed by thermal treatment. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 33-5.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

007602   Bist B S;Tiwary K N;Verma P;Sharma S K (Shreyans Industries Ltd., , Ahmedgarh, Punjab) : An experience with alkaline sizing. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 75-8.

Plant trial experience of Binary system of alkaline sizing has been discussed. Application of Binary system on wheat straw pulp furnish was tried for the first time. The system gave encouraging result during one and half months trial for manufacturing Super Printing paper. Appeal of paper was found better with 1.0 to 1.5% increases in brightness. Fiber and ash retention improved by 7± 1 % and 11±2 % respectively. Breaking length and Burst factor improved by 5-6 % and 10-12 % respectively. Tear remained more or less same. Other factors like drainability on Fourdrinier wire table, steam reduction and dryness at different sections are under investigation.

1 illus, 5 tables, 3 ref

007601   Bhattacharya S S;Dighe S;Malek U A (Text Engng Dep, M.S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001) : Effect of extra feed roller of textured intermingled yarn properties. Man Made Text India 2005, 58(7), 176-84.

Production of textured intermingled yarns are very common where drawing, texturing as well as intermingling processes are combined together which is a classical example of successful co-operation and co-ordination between scientists and technologists of the fibers manufacturer as well as texturing machine manufacturer. Recently some of the texturing machine manufacturers are offering an extra overfeed arrangement, also know as Nip feed roller (NFR) after the intermediate roller which helps to optimize precise tension in the jet. However, very little published literature is available on exact role of this additional feed roller on intermingled yarn quality. An attempt was carried out in this project work to study its effect on textured intermingled yarn properties by extra feed roller. (EFR). The use of the multifilament yarns has been ever increasing in Weaving, and knitting. While processing the multifilament either flat filament or textured filament there is only problem of filamentation because of the lack of filament cohesion. Thus process ability of the of the filament yarns very difficult. To overcome this problem filament yarns are either twisted, or sized, which call for extra processes. It also requires extra twisting machines (deck-twister or TFO) followed by heat setting of twisted yarns normally by steam or hot air which further add to the cost. Sizing of filament yarn also calls for special sizing machines and sizing ingredients which also add to the cost, needless to say the cost of de-sizing. The new concept to impart the filament cohesion is by intermingling the filament forming the portions of "nips or "nodes" and portions without these "nips", by using specially designed air-jet nozzles working on compressed air. When the above three processes viz. sizing, twisting and intermingling, in order of cost/kg of yarn, sizing is the highest, next comes twisting and intermingling comes last, thus it is the most cost-effective (Weinsdorfer,1986). The intermingling is the "on-line" process. It consists of small air-nozzles which can be fitted during spinning after the spinneret but before the drawing, and on draw-machines after the drawing godets but before the take- up.

5 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref, 9 gr

007600   Awate B P;Raut K B;Khosla R K;Shenoy S C; Ashok Kumar;Jhanji S C (Ballarpur Industries Limited, , Ballarpur, Maharashtra) : Study of the effect of different processes and papermaking inputs on dispersed rosin-PAC sizing system at neutral pH. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(3), 45-50.

Paper sizing with Rosin- PAC/ Alum is a well-established system and is in practice for a long time but there are still certain parameters which affect the sizing process and are specific to individual mill conditions. The objective is to achieve efficient sizing without any significant interference with other process as it also influences the subsequent operations at the customers end. Experience with dispersed rosin- PAC system and its interaction with other chemicals and process is discussed. To get the maximum sizing efficiency with optimum usages of sizing material and other inputs the parameters such as Stock pH profile; First Pass Retention, sequence of addition of chemicals etc are to be maintained within a given range the along with the quality of sizing material. Along with these parameters, effect of other chemicals such as defoamer and processes such as paper machine back water recycling which increases calcium build up, conductivity, electrolyte concentration needs to be controlled at a desirable level. The interaction of different processes and paper making inputs, which lead to a vicious circle resulting in problems like foaming at paper machine wire, reduction in paper machine back water recycling due to increased conductivity are evaluated on the basis of our experiences in the mills. The mill has implemented cost effective remedial solutions to avoid these problems in order to improve machine runnability while maintaining quality of final product.

6 illus, 4 tables,

007599   Anuradha v J;Singh M P;Thapliyal B P;Mathur R M;Kulkarni A G (NO, Cent Pulp and Paper Res Inst, P.O. Box 174, Saharanpur) : Ion chromatography - the technique and its applications in Pulp and Paper Industry. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 49-54.

Pulp and Paper Industry is a chemical process industry that incorporates several unit operations like pulping, bleaching, and chemical recovery. Evaluation and optimization of individual unit operation can ensure, cost effective production of quality product with minimum environmental impact Different analytical procedures both chemical and instrumental are employed to derive useful information on process efficiency, optimum processing condition and product quality during pulping & bleaching operations. Instrumental methods are considered as a reliable quality control and process optimization tool in the Pulp & Paper Industry. Ion chromatography is one of the most versatile & useful techniques that has found several applications for chemical analysis in Pulp & Paper Industry. Evaluation of Pulp & process liquors at various stages of manufacturing can be useful in providing additional information that can help understand pulping, bleaching, and recovery operations and may form the basis for efficiency improvement and process control. Presents an overview of applications of this analytical technique in pulp & paper industry along with basic principle, instrumentation and methodology involved.

8 illus, 9 ref

007598   Ali B;Majeed T (Packages Limited, Shahrah-E-Roomi, P.O. Amer Sidhu, Lahore, 54760, Pakistan) : Chemi-thermo mechanical pulping of non-wood fibres. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 45-8.

Importance of high yield pulps in paper industry cannot be over emphasized. Research done in this area to produce high yield pulp for test liner and corrugating medium paper is of great importance to paper industry. Packages Ltd in Pakistan pioneered in the world when it built the first high yield pulping plant based on wheat straw using a unique pulping technique that produce a pulp ideally suited for manufacturing of test liner and corrugating medium paper. The process is based on Chemi Thermo Mechanical pulping usually called CTMP process. An overview of process is described with pulp properties. Different pulp properties are plotted at different SR values. Using this unique process agricultural waste is used for producing high strength paper. CTMP pulp obtained from straw has lower yield that from wood because it has more water-soluble compounds and lot of fines are generated during processing. The straw pulp obtained from CTMP process is characterized by high shives, high long fibre fraction, high bulk, high stiffness, high ring crush strength and low smoothness. High stiffness and ring crush make it extremely suitable for high compressive strength bearing corrugated containers.

3 illus, 2 ref

007597   Sharma A;Joshi H C;Upadhyay C S;Mishra D K; Chowdhary S (Century Pulp Paper, , Ghanshyamdham, Lalkua) : Optimization of a pulping model through application of taguchi techniques to evaluate pulp. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 75-8.

The amount of variability can be related to economic loss through TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION. Under this concept any deviation from a target value results in a loss. Taguchi's approach to experimental design and off - line quality control can help identifying the factors relevant and significant to the process. Taguchi's quality improvement technique that uses experimental design methods for efficient characterization of a product or process, combined with a statistical analysis of its variability has helped in identifying significant factors in the production of pulp from wheat straw by the oxygen alkali method at laboratory level. The response of interest were the pulp yield, breaking length, tear strength, folding endurance and the whiteness of paper pulp.

4 tables, 8 ref

006515   Teli M D;Adivarekar R V;Ramesh Kumar A (Dep of Fibres and Text processing Technol, Mumbai Univ Inst of Chem Technol, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Microencapsulation of disperse dyes by coacervation methods. J Text Ass 2005, 66(1), 27-34.

Microencapsulation is the process in which the chemicals are released in controlled manner for a long time. Microcapsule is a small sphere with a uniform wall around it. The material inside the microcapsule is referred to as the core, whereas the wall is called as a coating. The work deals with the microencapsulation of disperse dyes with gelatin, gelatin and gum acacia by using simple coacervation and complex coacervation methods. The microencapsules were applied on polyester fabrics by HTHP dyeing process, pad-dry-thermofix and print-dry-thermofix techniques. The dye uptake, fastness properties, morphology and release of dyes have been investigated and the results are discussed. The efficiency of micorencapsulation of disperse dyes was found to be more with complex coavervation than simple coacervation method.

11 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

006514   Shrivastava M;Valentina;Sangeeta (Dep of Text and apparel Designing, Coll of Home Sci M P U A T, Udaipur-313 001) : Effect of mordant combination on the fastness properties of silk yarns dyed with khakra gum (Butae monosperma). Man Made Text India 2005, 48(9), 344-7.

7 illus, 2 tables

006513   Sakthivel J c;Senthilkumar M;Anbazhagan R (Dep of Text Technol, PSG Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-4) : Footwear textiles. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(9), 354-6.

Footwear is a protective covering meant to protect the foot from like injuries due to action of sharp edged objects, chemicals, heat, cold, electrical shocks and also to keep area clean where human beings move. One of the common application areas of textiles is footwear. Textiles of all types of Woven, Knitted, Non-woven and Braided materials are used in footwear industry. In footwear, structural components such as Upper, Box toes, Counters, Mid soles, Insoles, Heel tucks and Linings are made of textiles.

8 ref

006512   Rekha R;Chauhan P D (The Synth & Art Silk Mill's Res association, , Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Functional finishes on textiles. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(9), 339-43.

Textile products are finished for various functions depending on the intended purpose. Fashion with functions has become a buzzing word all around and the functions are possible by finishes. The article is related to various types of functional finishes applied on fabrics to achieve specific properties.

14 ref

006511   Rao G S (NO, , ) : ERP applications for textile industry. J Text Ass 2005, 66(1), 5-7.

Modernization of infrastructure and support systems in the Textile industry is possible by sue of information Technology. This will enable the Indian manufacturer to compete in global environments with enhanced capabilities. A vertically integrated type of operation, such as composite textile mills will build capacities and lower costs that will contribute to better operating margins. Thus business process integration is through Enterprise Resource Planning Systems like Datatex TIM which would enable the industry to leapfrog into the future.

006510   Paul P (G Z S Coll of Engng & Technol, , Bathinda) : Thermal protective clothing and test methods. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(9), 334-8.

5 illus, 24 ref

006509   Patil U J;Itagi A A (Text and Engng Inst, , Chalkaranji-416 115) : Shuttleless weaving technology: investing for profits. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(9), 348-9.

Weaving is an important value addition stage in textiles. Advances in knitting and Non-woven technologies are challenging off-late weaving technology. The healthy competition is bringing forth technologically superior and versatile shuttle less weaving machines, which are endowed with speed, quick change and possibility of mass customization, capable of weaving the 'hottest' products in textiles - "Technical & Smart textiles". Discusses the salient features of shuttle less weaving machines taking into consideration their versatility vis-a-vis cost factors.

1 table

006508   Mankodi H (NO, , ) : Hybrid yarns for thermoplastic composites. J Text Ass 2005, 66(1), 9-14.

With the increasing interest in using thermoplastic fibre composites with continuous fibre, there is also an increasing demand for development of new materials and know-how processing technology for these materials. The fibre composite materials with thermoplastic polymer matrix are preferred as compared to thermoplastic polymers as they offer a potential for greater fracture toughness, higher elongation at fracture, and such faster and more automatic processing facilities. A new type of hybrid yarn for production of fibre composites with thermoplastic matrix material is being developed. It is a commingled textured yarn consisting of structural fibres and thermoplastic fibres. In a subsequent heating and consolidation process the plastic fibers melt and become the matrix material in the formed fibre composite material. The hybrid yarn is so called post-preg material (opposite prepreg) since the fibers are impregnated with the matrix in a post-process. The hybrid yarn is "soft" and drapable, and therefore very suitable for producing fibre performs by almost any textile technology. The commingled hybrid yarn also helps material scientists to meet new challenges by extending this technology to other forms of material for advanced engineering structures. At present, relatively little information exists about the commingled hybrid yarns. The work mainly emphasizes on further studies on Commingling behavior and properties of hybrid yarn for composite applications.

10 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

006507   Kannan S S;Kumaravel S (Dep of Text Technol, PSG Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004) : Comprehensive look at 3-D fabrics. J Text Ass 2005, 66(1), 35-40.

Properties pertaining to 3-D fabrics like better strength, less weight and better handling make them play an important role in Technical Textiles applications. The 3-D fabrics have very unique properties advantages when compared to 2-D fabrics. The disadvantages of the two-dimensional fabrics are almost overcome by 3-D fabrics.

4 tables, 6 ref

006506   Kamel M;Nassar S H (Text Res Div, Natn Res Cent, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : Technical evaluation of polyacrylicacid leucaena gum as a thickener in printing cotton with reactive dyes. J Text Ass 2005, 66(1), 21-6.

Polyacrylicacid/leucaena gum composite was prepared on a semi-industrial scale using a mixture of potassium persulphate and sodium hydrosulphite as intiator. The composite can be dilute with water at any ratio, and exhibits a non-Newtonian behaviour. The neutralized composite was used successfully in printing cotton fabrics with reactive dyes. Soft handle printed goods. K/S values and overall fastness properties nearly equal to those of sodium alginate were obtained.

4 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

006505   Ibrahim A R B;Kolawole E G (Dep of Text Sci and Technol, Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria, Nigeria) : Versatility of 4 - head BD 200 rotor spinner. J Text Ass 2005, 66(1), 15-20.

Fifteen packages of different counts were spun under different spinning conditions and their physical properties evaluated. These properties include single yarn strength, lea strength, breaking elongation, evenness, irregularity etc. It was found that the finest count that can be spun on the machine was 2.00 tex and was produced with difficulty. The tenacity of this count (3.86 gf/tex) is lower than the remaining packages due to a lot of end breakages encountered during the spinning of the package. Spinning process became easier from a count of 25.1 tex and smooth at a count of 32.2 tex without any problem. The highest tenacity package of 5.72 gf/tex was given by package 7 with a count of 27.2 tex while the least tenacity package (package 1) gave the highest elongation at break (5.45%). Package 7 also gave the highest count-strength product of 1041.60 cc Ib. The irregularity and evenness characteristics of all packages are similar. Both the tenacity and breaking extension of the packages increase with twist and count respectively and later decrease. Spinning speed increases with increase in the yarn count.

3 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

006504   Dhar T R;Kekre P V;Raghuveer (NO, ITC Ltd, Bhadrachalam) : New pulp technology fibreline. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(2), 125-8.

Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching for pulp and paper Industry, based on chlorine dioxide, offers a number of fundamental benefits over traditional methods. Today, Indian Pulp and Paper Industry realises the importance of ECF bleaching along with oxygen delignification. The new fiberline at ITC Ltd, PSPD, unit Bhadrachalam has been described. It is reported to have eliminated Elemental Chlorine in its process of Bleaching. It is claimed to be the only one of its kind in the country conforming to world class environmental standards. The unit has adopted Hot screening, Oxytrac, new genertaion presses both in washing and bleaching supplied by M/s Metso. Oxytrac delignification process is unique in its features to remove 45-50% of the remaining lignin after cooking.

5 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

006503   Basu G;Sinha A K;Chattopadhyay S N (Natn Inst of Res on Jute & Allied fibre Technol, ICAR, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Properties of jute based ternary blended bulked yarns. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(9), 350-3.

In the production of bulked yarn from jute and shrinkable acrylic blended yarn by heat provoked method, it was observed that the relatively stiffer fibre jute forms the outer surface of the bulked yarn due to migration. In the study a third component non-shrinkable synthetic fibre has been incorporated to improve upon the handle property of the bulked yarn. The physical properties of the bulked yarn have been studied. If has been found that shrinkage due to bulking of the ternary blended yarns is between 24 and 28%. The specific volume of the ternary blended bulked yarns is much similar to the binary bulked yams. Bulking reduces breaking tenacity and increases breaking extensibility of the ternary blended yam. The specific flexural rigidity of the ternary blended bulked yarns is substantially lower than the binary blended bulked yarn. The yarn composed of viscose rayon as third component in the blend is found best in the ranking order on subjective assessment of handle property of the ternary blended yarn.

5 tables, 8 ref