Sharma A;Dixit A K;Jain R K
011388 Sharma A;Dixit A K;Jain R K (NO, , ) : Innovative approach to Debottleneck pulp mill and chemical recovery in agro based paper mill. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 187-91.
Indian pulp and paper industry is growing steadily through capacity expansion and technology modernization to improve quality of the paper and to address environmental issues. A number of mills have gone for marginal expansion of the pulp mill adopting oxygen delignification (ODL). These mills result with generation of additional black liquor. Many mills due to limited capacity of chemical recovery system could not process this additional black liquor in existing chemical recovery system thereby overloading it which leads to lower thermal and chemical recovery efficiency. In order to address this problem of processing of additional black liquor a process has been developed. The proposed process involves removal of lignin ricb organic part from a portion of black liquor partially by carbonation followed by acidification. The lignin separated spent liquor after separation of lignin rich biomass is mixed with remaining black liquor and processed in chemical recovery system. The studies have shown improved rheological, combustion and physico- chemical properties of the total black liquor. The separated lignin rich biomass has been utilized for production of value added by products which finds applications in rubber and ply-wood industry. The developed process also helps in improving economic and environmental status of the paper industry.
1 illus, 4 table, 3 ref
Sengupta A;Thapliyal B P
011387 Sengupta A;Thapliyal B P (NO, , ) : Challenges and achievements of perform, achieve & trade (PAT) scheme in Indian pulp and paper sector- way ahead for energy efficiency improvement in PAT Phase-2. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 125-31.
The pulp and paper sector has been identified as one of the energy intensive sectors under Perform Achieve & Trade (PAT) scheme by Ministry of Power, Govt. of India. Out of eight energy intensive sectors, 31 pulp and paper mills consuming 30,000 metric tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE) per annum and above were notified as Designated Consumers (DCs) and assigned 1.84% of the total National energy saving target (equivalent to 0.123 million TOE) in the first PAT cycle from 1 April 2012 to 31 March 201 5. These 31 pulp and paper DCs have used the PAT-1 scheme as an opportunity to implement measures to improve energy efficiency in order to achieve the assigned specific energy reduction targets. Benefit of Compliance under PAT scheme is issuance of tradable ESCerts (Energy Saving Certificates) per TOE energy saving achieved above the target set for each DC. In PAT-1, 25 pulp and paper DC's achieved savings of around 0.289 MTOEagainstthe target of 0.119 MTOE. After completion of PAT-1, the energy saving targets for PAT phase-2 were notified for 31 DCs during March 2016. During PAT cycle- II, target of 0.1 5 MTOE has been assigned to these pulp and paper DC's for the period from April 2016 to March 2019. In present article, achievements of PAT-1 cycle by the pulp and paper DC's along with the challenges ahead for the industry are discussed to achieve the notified national energy savings targets in the PAT-2 cycle.
3 table, 6 ref
Saikumar T;Shankarshan S;Narendra A
011386 Saikumar T;Shankarshan S;Narendra A (NO, , ) : Improving the fiber-pith separartion of bagasse through vbrating screen - a case study. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 73-7.
AtYash Papers, both Dry depithing system and Wet depithing system are used for Bagasse fiber - pith separation. Fiber - pith separation is the most important aspect of the process, as pith carryover to the Wet wash ing system will increase load on ETP and Increase Cooking liquor & Steam consumption in Digestor. This study is directed to improve the fibre - pith separation through Vibrating screen. This paper contains results & analysis of fibre - pith separation through vibrating screen installed at plant. Encouraging results from lab scale trails has led the decision to install vibrating screen at plant scale.This study was conducted in order to achieve best possible separation of pith and fiber in moist condition. So, we have tried fiber and pith - 392 - separation through vibrating screen in lab scale.
6 ref
Ravindran P;Ganapathy K;Sharma P;Subramanian T R
011385 Ravindran P;Ganapathy K;Sharma P;Subramanian T R (NO, , ) : Process re-engineering for meeting the challenges in waste paper procurement, recycling and contributing to sustainable environment. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 168-73.
The upward trend in literacy rate and increase in industrial development have led to an increase in demand for paper every year. The consumption of paper and paper boards in India is estimated to be almost 13 million tons/annum at present. Almost all types of paper mills in the country are increasing their production capacity and renovating their plants. It has been estimated thatthe demand for paper in the country by 2025 would be close to 20 million metric tons, which is actually not a very easily achievable task to meet for the Indian paper industry. The reason for this is a continuous decrease of indigenous raw materials over the years. Considering the ill-effects of deforestation and pollution, it has become very necessary to find out ways of producing and saving paper. Recycled paper based products are becoming more popular by the day. In lndia,there are more than 500 Paper and Paper Board mills manufacturing paper and paper boards with recycled paper as raw material. A part of the waste paper is collected locally, while the majority is imported from US,Europe and the Middle East. The recycle paper recovery in India is around 2.5 million tons which accounts to 25% of the total, compared to a contribution of more than 70% from US and Europe. The recovery level in India is very less giving rise to the need of importing waste paper for meeting the demand. This impacts the import bill and is nota good sign for the Indian Economy. There is a need to focus on improving the recovery of waste paper in India and have infrastructure to process it. This paper presents an insight to ITC Ltd PSPD's approach towards waste paper procurement,processingand its contribution to environmental sustainability.
1 ref
Mehra A;Pandit A B;Naithani A K
011384 Mehra A;Pandit A B;Naithani A K (NO, , ) : Hydrodynamic cavitation: a novel method for water and waste water treatment using green mega efficient reactors. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 97-104.
Effluent treatment/Water Treatment has always been a challenge in every industry, especially the Pulp and Paper industry. With the ever increasing stringency of effluent norms by the regulators, pressures from surrounding social inhabitants and as a conscious effort to be continually reduce environment footprint, it has become mandatory for Paper industries to keep the discharges in check. Of course, the treatment comes as a cost which the Paper mill has to incur but the cost has a multi-faceted concept to it. Most existing technologies require- large footprint, usage of chemicals, require dedicated equipment and cannot be added to existing system and have a heavy CapEx component attached. HyCator® Reactor - 391 - System is an equipment based solution which disrupts the status quo by making mega efficient, environment friendly process reactors for fluid applications. These are easy to use and cost effective than existing solutions. Based on a technology which converts the kinetic energy of fluid into millions of targeted micro bubbles which are packed with extreme heat, pressure and turbulence and delivers it where it is needed keeping ambient conditions unchanged. HyCator® Reactors are custom designed and can be retrofitted into existing plants withminorpipelinemodifications.
7 illus, 1 table, 7 ref
Kumari P;Rose N M;Singh S S J
011383 Kumari P;Rose N M;Singh S S J (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: minkusmile@gmail.com) : Development of fragrant microcapsules for women cotton fabric. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(2), 1017-21.
A consumer-oriented twenty first century challenges garment and fabric producers to come up with innovations which result from the technological advancements to not only help in strengthening the existing product line but also to diversify and flourish in new areas. Many fragrant fabrics have been developed nowadays due to the reason of enjoying a healthy life style, and these novel products often possess additional functionalities which are good for human health. Not only does plant essential oil give off a pleasant smell but also the functions of antiseptic, antiphlogistic and emotional calming. In the present study, microencapsulation of geranium oil was carried out on cotton woven fabric. Geranium oil was selected as the core material and gum acacia as wall material for encapsulation using complex coacervation technique and ratio of 1:4:4 of oil, gum and gelatin, at a temperature of 50øC with initial and final pH 4.5 and 9.0 respectively was optimized for microencapsulation process. Microencapsulation helped in controlling the release rate of aroma and imparted durable fragrance finish on textiles.
5 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref
Kishore V
011382 Kishore V (NO, , ) : Improvement in pulp and paper quality with reduced pollution load - a new innovative conceptin bleaching. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 55-60.
Bindals Papers creates a new light by reducing the effluent load at source with improvement in quality of pulp by changing Bleaching sequences. The use of environment friendly process is becoming more popular in the Pulp and Paper industry now-a-days. The focus has shifted towards cleaner production option followed by reduction of pollutants discharged from the bleach plant. The principal goal of chemical pulp bleaching is to remove residual lignin and decolourize the pulp without adversely damaging the cellulosic matrix. The Pulp and Paper industry has invested enormous amount of time and money to abandon at least elemental chlorine and to develop more environment friendly bleaching process. Oxygen based chemicals such as Oxygen and Ozone can be employed for bleaching of High Bright Pulp. The increasing number of environmental and marketing constraints are leading the Pulp Mill to change their bleaching sequences in order to reduce the chlorinated organics - 390 - produced in the bleach plant effluent. Most of the bleach pulp is produced by conventional and ECF bleaching technologies. It is therefore reasonable and relevant to optimize and develop further the existing ECF bleaching process. At BINDALS PAPERS MILLS LTD, Pulp was bleached by D0-EOP-D1 bleaching sequence (where D represents chlorine Di oxide and EOP represents Hydrogen Peroxide reinforced alkaline extraction) using "Bagasse and Wheat straw" as raw material. As an early bird BINDALS PAPERS MILLS LTD, took initiative for correction of pollution load at the source itself. In this connection Laboratory and Plant scale trials were conducted by replacing Extraction stage reinforced with Hydrogen Peroxide with "Oxidative chemical" which has resulted in reduction of COD, BOD & COLOUR of the discharged effluents from Bleaching plant and improving the desired pulp characteristics of Agro residue. The Paper is focused on systematic approach in our lab trial as well as plant trial and finally adopted Oxidative chemical in place of H2O2 Extarction stage. Plant is in operation since more than Six months.
8 table, 1 ref
Habets H A;Driessen W
011381 Habets H A;Driessen W (NO, , ) : Best practice in paper industry-scaling up by anaerobic pretreatment, scaling down operational cost and effluent figures. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 105-13.
In the course of 20 years the anaerobic effluent treatment has found a widespread application in the pulp and paper industry. Over 200 installations are treating a large variety of pulp and paper industry effluents (recycle mills, mechanical pulping, sulphite condensates, kraft mill condensates etc). Therefore anaerobic treatment can be considered to be a proven and well-established technology. The advantages of anaerobic pre-treatment are: (1) Net energy production, (2) Minimized bio-solids production, (3) Minimal footprint (4) Reduced emissions of greenhouse gasses, and production of renewable energy. Via application of anaerobic treatment in closed circuits (Kidney technology) further savings on cost for fresh water intake and effluent discharge are generated. Among the various anaerobic reactor systems the BIOPAQ UASB and BIOPAQ 1C reactor are the most applied reactor systems. Previously being considered as a method for treating only concentrated effluent streams, the development of high-tower reactor systems (especially theBIOPAQ 1C) has enabled the economic treatment of more qilute effluents and is therefore also suitable for applications on the combined effluent of integrated pulp and paper mills. Greenhouse gas reductions for application of anaerobic- aerobic treatment areiestimated at 26 kg CO2/ADT in comparison to aerobic treatment alone.
9 illus, 4 table, 14 ref
Goel P K;Kishore V
011380 Goel P K;Kishore V (NO, , ) : Introducing post bleaching enzymes in agro pulp bleaching in m/s BPML. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 174-8.
As global trends and customer preferences are switching towards cleaner and greener products, a key challenge faced by the pulp and paper industry nowadays is the adoption of elemental chlorine-free (ECF) and totally chlorine free (TCP) bleaching technologies, which reduce the toxic chemical usage and the pollution load with potential for better product quality. The main aim of these technologies is to reduce or to phase out the use of elemental chlorine and chlorine-based chemicals from the bleaching sequences. Paper mill are moving in this direction by adopting Eco-friendly - 389 - technologies such as oxygen delignification and enzymatic prebleaching. Bindals Papers Mills Ltd. has moved ahead in the direction of more cleaner and greener technology by adopting Oxidative chemicals instead of Extraction stage and Post Bleaching Enzyme. Thus Bindals Papers Mills Ltd has become the first User of Post Bleaching Enzyme Globaly. This paper is focused on a systematic approach of using " Post Bleaching Enzyme" after Bleaching Stage. The technical benefits derived in terms of saving in Bleaching Chemicals, with the same level of final pulp Brightness and reduction in pollution load of discharged effluentfrom bleaching section. The experience were highlighted with laboratory trial studies & Plant scale studies.
2 illus, 3 table, 3 ref
Elangovan P;Vasan S R;Rajendran K;Ramaswamy T;Sudarsan C N
011379 Elangovan P;Vasan S R;Rajendran K;Ramaswamy T;Sudarsan C N (NO, , ) : Opportunities for reduction in fresh water consumption, recovery and reuse. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 61-4.
Water plays a major role in paper making in paper industry. Pulp mill consumes a major portion of the water in paper making. With depleting water resources & failure of monsoons water has become a rare commodity for consumption. It is imperative to reduce the water consumption, so that water can be conserved for our future generation. Efforts were taken in TNPL to reduce water consumption by reduce reuse and recycling methods. This paper highlights on CB ECF bleach plant filtrates recycling coming close to ZLD (Zero Liquid Discharge).
4 illus, 1 table
Deepak Kumar;Bhardwaj S;Sharma A;Chauhan V S; Bhardwaj N K;Varadhan R
011378 Deepak Kumar;Bhardwaj S;Sharma A;Chauhan V S; Bhardwaj N K;Varadhan R (NO, , ) : Effect of optical whitening agents in wet end and surface sizing on recycled fibre based paper with different fillers. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 78-88.
The use of fluorescent/ optical whitening/ brightening agent (FWA/OWA/OBA) as shading colorant has become a main tool to eliminate the yellowish hue of bleached pulp and to improve the quality in terms of appearance i.e. brightness, whiteness, fluorescence and tint. Different types of OWAs with different sulphonic groups namely di-sulphonic (DS), tetra-sulphonic (TS) and hexa-sulphonic (HS) were evaluated in the present study using recyclec pulp having brightness 83.1 % along with two fillers (GCC and Talc). The optical properties of nand sheets using di-sulphonic (DS) OWAs in wet end showed the best result for both fillers, The highest value of brightness, whiteness and fluorescence attained by wet end addition of di-sulphonic (DS) OWAs with GCC and talc filler are 91.3%, 142.8, 24.38 and 88.2%, 1 37.6 and 23.32, respectively. Addition of different OWAs was done by adding the slightly lower doses of OWAs at wet end and the rest amount in surface sizing. Moreover in surface sizing, the most promising results were attained in the combinations having hexa-sulphonic (HS) OWAs. Recycled pulp with GCC filler showed the best result with di-sulphonic (DS) OWAs in wet end and hexa-sulphonic (HS) in surface sizing whereas with Talc filler di-sulphonic (DS) OWAs in wet end and tetra-sulphonic (TS) in surface sizing showed the best result. The addition of OWAs in wet end and surface sizing resulted in modified optical properties such that they were improved in some combinations. The range of cost reduction with addition of OWAs in wet end and surface sizing was between 25-33% with GCC and 22-30% with Talc.
14 table, 6 ref
Bharathi G;Malik S P
011377 Bharathi G;Malik S P (NO, , ) : Performance enhancement in agri-residue paper making by new generation forming fabric - case studies. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 140-6.
The Indian paper industry plays a significant role in the nation's economy with a turnover of more than 50,000 crores of Rupees-: It ranks sixth among the energy intensive industries and occupies 16th position among the top global paper producers. Acute shortage of raw materials and issues concerning environment and high cost of basic inputs has resulted in lowering of the operational capacities. Our paper industry has a highly fragmented structure consisting of small, medium and large sized papers miIIs having capacities range from 10 to 1 500 tpd processing wood, agro residues and recycled waste paper as major raw materials. Theoretically, any fibrous plant can be pulped to provide cellulosic fibers for paper manufacture, but technical and, more often, economic constraints limit the number of species of usable plants. The most important agricultural residues used in the paper industry are straw and bagasse. The raw material consumption pattern has changed drastically over the last four decades due to availability, cost and environmental factors. While on one side the cost of wood and waste paper has increased in India, there is an availability of agricultural residue with limitations of proper collection and handling. The agri residue had favorable low lignin content driving better formation, but also has challenges of lesser strength due to short fiber, more fluffing/Iinting due to less retention and presence of abrasive silica/ash. The innovation in forming fabric design has helped in addressing this opportunity and deliver improvements in quality and performance. In this paper, through a few case studies we would share the performance enhancement achieved in Agri-residue Papermaking through New Generation Forming Fabric.
9 illus, 1 table, 6 ref
Lal N;Chand S
010364 Lal N;Chand S (Chemistry Dep, V.S.S.D. College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drnandlal71@rediffmail.com) : Decolorization of sulphonated azodye metanil yellow by newly isolated bacterial strain: Bacillus -3330. J envir Sci Engng 2014, 56(3), 341-6.
Newly isolated Bacillus sp. MTCC-3330 was screened for the decolorization of a sulphonated azodye metanil yellow under aerobic conditions. 100% decolorization was observed of Metanil Yellow at O.OlmM, 0.02mM O.OSmM concentrations within 30h, 35h and 45h respectively. Decolorization was confirmed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The initial dye solution showed highest peak at the wavelength of 437 nm (Amax of the Metanil Yellow). The decolorized dye showed disappearance of peak, which indicated that the decolorization is due to dye degradation. The bacterium sp. also decolorized the another azodye Methyl Orange.
5 illus, 37 ref
David O O;Akinniyi O A;Olabode G G
010363 David O O;Akinniyi O A;Olabode G G (Kecturer II, Chemical Sciences Dep, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's Univ. PMB 3005 Redemption Camp, Mowe-Ogun State, Nigeria, Email: olukanni_olumide@yahoo.com) : Decolorizing kinetics of reactive blue 13 azo dye by Proteus mirabilis. J envir Sci Engng 2014, 56(4), 453-8.
A dye decolorizing bacterium, Proteus mirabilis, isolated from soil was used in batch experiments for decolorization of the sulphonated dye, Reactive blue 13. Effects of initial substrate (dye) and bacterial cell mass concentrations on the specific decolorization rate and extent of dye decolorization were investigated. Aeration as against agitation increased the decolorization rate by 4-fold. The dependence of the decolorization rate on initial dye concentration essentially followed Monod-type kinetics and the maximal rate occurred with the dye concentration 382.98 mg/L. The decolorization rate by Proteus mirabilis was found to follow half (0.5498) and first (1.0977) order kinetics with respect to dye concentration and cell mass concentrations respectively. The specific decolorization rate estimated from the experimental data was 37.03 mg/L/h/g dry cell mass (DCM), and the value of the apparent Km was 284.76 mg/L. This study showed that the strain of Proteus mirabilis has potential in wastewater color removal.
5 illus, 21 ref
Bhandari B;Singh S S J;Rose N M
007231 Bhandari B;Singh S S J;Rose N M (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana) : Use of sericulture by-product i.e. Sericin in ecofriendly treatment of cotton fabric. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 37-40.
Sericulture in India provides employment to rural youth and women engaged in its various activities. During raw silk processing, a compound known as sericin is released into the environment which causes water pollution if not recovered from discharged water. A study was carried out to utilize the waste product i.e. sericin for the treatment of cotton fabric and see its effect on the properties of fabric. Treatment was given using cross linking agent and catalyst, fabric was later dyed with natural dye manjistha. The treated fabric was tested for crease recovery, wettability, air permeability and UV protection properties. The results revealed that application of silk protein enhances properties of cotton fabric.
3 tables, 35 ref
Yang Z;Wang F
006186 Yang Z;Wang F (College of Textiles, Donghua Univ, Shanghai-201 620, China, Email: wfumei@dhu.edu.cn) : Dyeing and finishing performance of different PTT/PET bi-component filament fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 411-7.
The dyeing and finishing performance of different bi-component polytrimethylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate (PTT/PET) filament fabrics along with the elasticity of end-productshave been studied. Three kinds of PTT/PET side-by-side bi-componentfilamentshave beenselected as weft yarnalong with the polyester filament as warp yarn. Fabrics arethenwoven, dyed and finished under the same conditions. The weight reduction rate, widthwise shrinkage, elastic elongationand elastic recovery percentage of the above fabrics areobservedto characterize the changes involved during the process. The results indicate that asdenier per filament(DPF) increases, the weight reduction rate decreases but the widthwise shrinkageincreases. The weight reduction rate decreases as the weft density increases. The elastic recovery decreases as the elastic elongation increases. Optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, different scanning calorimetry examinations show that due to the finer DPF and larger specific surface area, PTT/PET filament exhibits separation of the two components, due to thecaustic corrosion during dyeing and finishing,and hence the high elasticity inherent in bi-component filaments is lost.
6 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref
Rogina Car B;Pusic T;Dekanic T
006185 Rogina Car B;Pusic T;Dekanic T (Faculty of Textile Technology, Univ of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Email: tpusic@ttf.hr) : Impact of washing and sterilization on properties of fabrics used for medical applications. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 426-31.
This paper reports a study on the characterization of cellulosic, polyester/cotton (PES/cotton) and Tencel® fabrics as well as PES/PU/PES laminate used for medical applications, before and after frequent washing and sterilization. The impact of washing and sterilization is analysed by tensile properties, spectral changes and surface characterization. The results indicate that, during washing and sterilization, cellulosic fabrics show prominent changes of all studied properties when compared to PES/PU/PES laminate.
4 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref
Rathinamoorthy R;Ayswarriya N;Kadambari R; Sreelatha R;Janani K G
006184 Rathinamoorthy R;Ayswarriya N;Kadambari R; Sreelatha R;Janani K G (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: r.rathinamoorthy@gmail.com) : Optimization of dye transfer inhibition properties of polyvinyl pyrolidine for reactive dye on cotton fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 432-9.
This study focuses on the optimization of the amount of dye transfer inhibition (DTI) agent in the in-wash liquor using response surface methodology. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, one of the DTI polymers, has been used to analyse its dye transfer inhibition properties on reactive dyed cotton fabric against the commercial detergent. The box and Benkhen experimental design has been adapted to study the optimum concentration of DTI and washing condition for the better dye transfer inhibition. The CIELAB color difference (ΔE) and color strength (K/S) values are studied for the cotton fabric used in the in-wash liquor. The result shows that the higher the DTI polymer concentration the better is the dye transfer inhibition property. The performance of the DTI agent is majorly influenced by the surfactant present in the detergent powder due to its ionic nature. The influence of washing pH on the efficacy of the DTI is observed as minimal. The developed model shows higher values of R<^>2
6 illus, 4 tables, 43 ref
Patil P D;Rao L C R;Wasif A I;Anekar S V
006183 Patil P D;Rao L C R;Wasif A I;Anekar S V (Technology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, Email: pdpchem@gmail.com) : Spathodea campanulata Beauv. flower dye extraction: Mass transfer enhancement through process optimization. Indian J chem Technol 2016, 23(4), 302-7.
The natural dyes are re-gaining importance because of ecological issues of most of the synthetic dyes. Mass transfer enhancement has been carried out in the study using the optimized extraction conditions to obtain maximum dye yield from flower petals of `African Tulip tree'. Taguchi design has been implemented to investigate the optimum extraction conditions. The overall effort is to meet the challenges to reintroduce natural dyes. The investigated optimum parameters for extraction include: `150 micron particle size', `1:20 solid-solvent ratio', `one hour extraction' and `enzyme addition as an assistance for extraction'. The absorbance values, mass transfer rates and subsequent dye yields obtained from optimized extraction have been compared against control extraction. It is seen that using optimized extraction conditions; the mass transfer rate is enhanced triply as compared to control extraction. It ultimately result in increased dye yield to the tune of about 10.75%.
5 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
Pargai D;Gahlot M;Rani A
006182 Pargai D;Gahlot M;Rani A (Clothing and Textiles Dep, G.B. Pant Univ Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: pargai.deepti16@gmail.com) : Ultraviolet protection of nettle fabric dyed with natural dyes. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 418-25.
This paper reports study on the UV protection properties of nettle fabric dyed with natural dyes cutch (Acacia catechu) and madder (Rubia cardifolia). Dyeing with cutch and madder dyes provides excellent UV protection to the woven nettle fabric even without mordanting. FeSO
6 tables, 19 ref
Nachane R P
006181 Nachane R P (NO, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai-400 019, Email: drrpnachane@hotmail.com) : Yarn hairiness-theory about total number of fibre hair. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 440-3.
Yarn hairiness is determined using projection of hairs perpendicular to the yarn axis. Measurement is done using photo cell which receives light from a small area above the yarn surface. The hairs that project beyond the specific adjusted distance - which is generally 3 mm - intercept the beam of light that falls on the photo cell, causing photo cell to generate a signal. Using this signal, number of hairs in a given length of yarn can be determined. However, the measurement does not cover full circumference of the yarn. A theory is developed in the present work to overcome this problem.
^ssc3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref
Lakhotia M;Pahadiya H R;Gandhi R;Choudhary A; Purohit R C;Choudhary S
006180 Lakhotia M;Pahadiya H R;Gandhi R;Choudhary A; Purohit R C;Choudhary S (Medicine Dep, Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: drhans05sms@gmail.com) : Isolated bone marrow carcinomatosis: A rare presentation of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a young male. Indian J med Paediat oncol 2016, 37(1), 67.
1 illus
Khirandish M;Borhani S;Mallakpour S;Youssefi M
006179 Khirandish M;Borhani S;Mallakpour S;Youssefi M (Textile Engineering Dep, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan-84156-83111, Iran, Email: sborhani@cc.iut.ac.ir) : Properties of PS/TiO
Limonene, a natural solvent, has been used for producing polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite (NC) fibres. Nanocompositefibres of PS are prepared by electrospinning of a homogeneous solution of titanium dioxide (TiO
6 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref
Karthik T;Murugan R
006178 Karthik T;Murugan R (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Analysis of structural properties of cotton/milkweed blended ring, compact and rotor yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 361-6.
This study has been conducted to explore the relationship between yarn structure and yarn characteristics of cotton/milkweed (C/M) blended yarns. The fibre migration index values reveal that the milkweed fibres are predominantly in the yarn sheath of C/M 80/20 yarn, whereas it occupies the yarn core in C/M 60/40 and 40/60 combinations as small clusters. Fibre migration studies reveal that the compact spun yarns have higher fibre migration factor which is responsible for their tenacity followed by ring- and rotor-spun yarns. The effective packing density of C/M blended yarn decreases with the increase in milkweed blend proportion due to less cohesiveness and poor self locking structure of fibres in the yarn cross-section.
3 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref
Karkalic R M;Ivankovic N D;Javanovic D B; Markovic S M;Indjic D R;Micovic M D;Kovacevic B V
006177 Karkalic R M;Ivankovic N D;Javanovic D B; Markovic S M;Indjic D R;Micovic M D;Kovacevic B V (Univ of Defence, Military Academy, Belgrade, Serbia, Email: rkarkalic@yahoo.com) : Dynamic adsorption characteristics of thin layered activated charcol materials used in chemical protective overgarmens. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 402-10.
The efficiency of a thin layered activated charcoal material used in chemical protective overgarments has been evaluated. The study has been conducted with the aim to obtain protective materials with best characteristics considering resistance to benzene effect under dynamic conditions and to create a new filtration protection device. In order to evaluate dynamic adsorption characteristics of thin layered sorption materials, sophisticated dynamic gas chromatography method is used. The curves of benzene penetration are determined for sandwich materials, and sorption layers used in filtrating protective clothing shows that thin layered carbon sorption materials (type M00) have good protective properties as compared to other similar materials. The findings will help to create conditions for developing a functional model for producing a new protective overgarment in the near future.
6 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
Jebali N;Maatoug N;Sahnoun M;Cheikhrouhou M
006176 Jebali N;Maatoug N;Sahnoun M;Cheikhrouhou M (Laboratory of Textile Engineering, Univ of Monastir, ISET Ksar Hellal, Monastir, Tunisia, Email: jebalinada@yahoo.fr) : Effect of test conditions and structural parameters on surface roughness of weft knitted fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 394-401.
An objective evaluation method of knitted fabric roughness by using the textile surface tester has been reported. The study has been aimed at investigating the effect of test conditions and structural parameters of knitted fabrics using a full factorial design of experiments and then establishing the relationship among the sample characteristics (fabric structure and yarn count), the test conditions (force applied by the sensor feeler and fabric extension) and the surface roughness parameters (average roughness, absolute roughness, total roughness and standard deviation) using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, the results are compared with those predicted using a multiple regression models. The experimental results demonstrate that the yarn count, fabric structure, extension, applied force of the sensor and their interactions influence fabric roughness. Finally, some multiple regression models are obtained to predict the surface roughness parameters with good values of adjusted R<^>2
3 illus, 6 tables, 33 ref
Basak S;Samanta K K;Chattopadhyay S K;Narkar R
006175 Basak S;Samanta K K;Chattopadhyay S K;Narkar R (Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Mumbai-400 019, Email: shantanubasak@gmail.com) : Development of dual hydrophilic/hydrophobic wool fabric by Q172 NM VUV irradiation. J scient ind Res 2016, 75(7), 439-43.
A functionalized dual hydrophilic/ hydrophobic wool fabric has been developed by a combination of fluorocarbon based chemical composition and the 172 nm VUV (Vaccum Ultraviolet) irradiation treatment. The fabric surfaces have been characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray), and the fabric performance properties by measurement of contact angle, wicking and comfort. It was found that the irradiation modifies only the side being irradiated, and not the opposite side of the fabric, possibly due to strong absorption of high energy photons of 172 nm light within the submicron structure of the surface.
2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref
Balakrishna B;Chenga Reddy V;Reddy K V S
006174 Balakrishna B;Chenga Reddy V;Reddy K V S (Genetic and Plant Breeding Dep, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522 101, Email: balubreeder@gmail.com) : Distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) characterization on fiber quality traits of cotton (Gossypium spp.) germplasm. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(1A), 262-6.
The characterization of cotton germplasm using DUS descriptors is helpful for varietal indentification and protection. Before a variety is registered as a cultivar and/or granted Plant Breeder's Rights, its distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) is tested using descriptors. In the present study observations on seven lint descriptors were recorded on 65 Gossypium hirsutum L. and 20 Gossypium barbademe L. genotypes. Among 65 hirsutum genotypes two genotypes (MCU 5, L 604) showed extra long fiber and 21 genotypes had long fiber. 17 genotypes having medium strength, 43 genotypes exhibited fine fiber, 49 lines having excellent fiber uniformity. These lines can be used as parental lines in in-tra-specific hybridization for improving fiber quality along with yield in upland cotton. 8 genotypes showed extra long fiber, 9 lines having long fiber, 1 (TCB 37) genotype had very strong, 8 genotypes had strong fiber, all the lines showed fine fiber, 11 genotypes exhibited excellent and 2 lines having good fiber uniformity among studied 20 barabadense lines. The identified good barbadense line can be used as male parents in inter-specific hybridization program for breeding extra long stable cotton hybrids.
2 tables, 5 ref
Asad R A M;Yu W;Zheng Y H;He Y
006173 Asad R A M;Yu W;Zheng Y H;He Y (Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Donghua Univ, Shanghai-201 620, PR China, Email: wdyu@dhu.edu.cn) : Fabric-evoked prickle of fabrics made from single fibres using axial fibre-compression-bending analyzer. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 385-93.
Fabrics made from cotton, cashmere, flax, hemp, ramie, jute, and wool fibres, have been used to investigate and analyze the prickle comfort properties of fabrics worn as garments. Physical properties include single-fibre critical load, compression and bending modules, which greatly affect the fabric physiological comfort. The fibres are tested using a 'fibre axial compression-bending analyzer'. The behavior mechanisms of single-needle fibre are also analyzed, evaluated, and explained using fibres critical load, fineness, and protruding length. Physical and neuro-physiological basis for prickle sensation force from single-needle fibre depends on its bending modulus and axial compressive behavior. This experimental work shows that the bending modulus of ramie, jute, and wool fibre is significantly high as compared to other fibres. Thus, high prickle values of ramie, jute and wool fibres make them more uncomfortable due to the cross-section parameters and bending modulus of the single fibre needle. It is observed that the prickle feeling comes from the axial-compressive behavior and the number of effective fibre needles protruding from worn fabric surface. Therefore, prickle sensation aroused during skin-fabric contact is mostly related to the fibre and surface roughness characteristics of fabrics, and the effect of the fabric material on prickle is found to be more.
3 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref
Angelow A;Bednorz H;Bottcher S;Schrader N; Ehrmann A
006172 Angelow A;Bednorz H;Bottcher S;Schrader N; Ehrmann A (Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein Univ of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach-410 65, Email: andrea.ehrmann@fh-bielefeld.de) : Optical differentiation between cashmere and other textile fibres by laser diffraction. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 444-7.
This paper reports a novel method to differentiate cashmere from synthetic fibres and even from other wool fibres with the help of laser diffraction patterns. In the diffraction pattern, only natural fibres depict additional spots above and below the actual diffraction plane. These spots can be used to distinguish different fibre materials by comparing their length-to-height aspect ratio with standard values. Especially, it can be recognized that the diffraction lines above and below the diffraction plane are significantly longer and finer for cashmere fibres than for any other wool.
^ssc2 tables, 28 ref
Alshukur M;Sun D
006171 Alshukur M;Sun D (School of Textiles and Design, Heriot-Watt Univ, Galashiels, UK, Email: malekalshukur@yahoo.com ) : Effect of core thread tension on structure and quality of multi-thread boucle yarn. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 367-72.
The effect of core thread tension on the structure and quality of multi-thread boucl‚ yarn has been studied experimentally. The core thread tension is controlled using the tension rollers and is set at five different values. The results show that the number of boucl‚ profiles increases to approximately 36 per metre, and relatively low variability of the size of boucl‚ profiles is secured. Hence, the fancy bulkiness of the boucl‚ yarns increases by approximately 92 mm<^>2
1 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref
Adak B;Mukhopadhyay S
006170 Adak B;Mukhopadhyay S (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110 016, Email: samrat@textile.iitd.ac.in) : Jute based all-cellulose composite laminates. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(4), 380-4.
In this work, jute fabric reinforced all-cellulose composite laminates have been developed using a conventional hand lay-up method and compression moulding. Five layers of alkali-treated jute fabrics are impregnated with ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl)]. The impregnated layers are stacked symmetrically maintaining warp and weft directions of fabric, and then heated under pressure in a compression moulding machine for surface-selective dissolution in ionicliquid with the aim to prepare a compact single composite laminate. A matrix phase is formed in-situ by regeneration of dissolved fraction of fibre via solvent exchange. FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to investigate solid-state chemistry and to measure crystallinity of jute in fabric and composite forms. The surface morphology and cross-section of all-cellulose composite laminates is observed by optical microscopy and SEM. It is found that the binding of matrix and reinforcement, final morphology and mechanical properties of prepared ACCs are strongly dependant on pressure, temperature and dissolution time during the preparation of ACCs.
4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref
Swamy V N;Gowda K N;Sudhakar R
005147 Swamy V N;Gowda K N;Sudhakar R (NO, The Oxford College of Science, Bangalore-560 102, Email: gvnnarayan@gmail.com ) : Natural dye extracted from Vitex negundo as a potential alternative to synthetic dyes for dyeing of silk. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2016, 97(1), 31-8.
Since the last decade, the application of natural dyes on textile material has been gaining popularity all over the world, possibly because of the increasing awareness of issues concerning the environment, ecology and pollution control. The present paper investigates extraction of natural dye from leaves of the plant Vitex negundo, which is an abundant, cheap, and readily available agricultural by-product. Water extracts from V. negundo was used to dye silk fabrics. Optimum extraction conditions included pH 9, duration 120 min, and temperature 90 °C. Optimum dyeing conditions included dyeing pH 5 and duration of 60 min. Potash alum, tannic and tartaric acid were used as mordants, all of which are benign to human health and the environment. Color strength and color coordinates in terms of L*, a*, b*, C, and h were examined. A range of shades were obtained when fabrics were dyed with different mordants and mordanting techniques. The extracted dye was tested for some of the eco-parameters using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and GC/MS. The test results were compared with set standards to determine the eco-friendliness of natural dye. Their concentrations were found to be lower than the stipulated limits. Dyed samples were tested for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The dyed silk fabrics showed acceptable fastness properties and were also found to possess antibacterial activity. It can be concluded that the abundantly available agricultural by product V. negundo has great potential to be effectively utilized as a natural dye for silk.
10 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref
Sumithra M
005146 Sumithra M (Textiles and Apparel Design Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Antiodor evaluation of microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation finished fabric. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2015, 6(3), 4322-3.
Body odors emanating from a person can be an embarrassing problem in many cultures where natural body odors may be viewed as unpleasant and even considered unhygienic. The present study focuses on the Microencapsulation and Nanoencapsulation of the 100% cotton denim fabric using herbal extracts of Senna auriculata - Leaves followed by pad dry cure method. Theselected fabric were tested for the efficacy of antiodor finish, to enhance the durability of the finished fabrictreated and washed samples are testedusing organoleptic evaluation of odor control and the results showed there was maximum absorbency and retentively of antiodor finish in nanoencapsulated sample when compared to microencapsulated sample.
1 illus, 5 ref
Senthilkumar P;Karthik T
005145 Senthilkumar P;Karthik T (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: senthiltx11@gmail.com) : Effect of argon plasma treatment variables on wetability and antibacterial properties of polyester fabrics. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2016, 97(1), 19-29.
In this research work, the effect of argon plasma treatment variables on the comfort and antibacterial properties of polyester fabric has been investigated. The SEM micrographs and FTIR analysis confirms the modification of fabric surface. The Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization of plasma process variables and to evaluate the effects and interactions of the process variables, i.e. operating power, treatment time and distance between the electrodes on the characteristics of polyester fabrics. The optimum conditions of operating power 600 W, treatment time 30 s, and the distance between the electrodes of 2.8 mm was arrived using numerical prediction tool in Design-Expert software. The plasma treated polyester fabrics showed better fabric characteristics particularly in terms of water vapour permeability, wickability and antibacterial activity compared to untreated fabrics, which confirms that the modified structure of polyester fabric.
8 illus, 5 tables, 34 ref
Ray N C;Mukhopadhyay A;Midha V K
005144 Ray N C;Mukhopadhyay A;Midha V K (Textile Technology Dep, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 011, Email: mukhopadhyay.arunangshu@gmail.com) : Response of sub characteristics on tensile properties of injected slub yarn. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2016, 97(1), 47-53.
Injected slub yarn is one of the most promising among different types of slub yams. Present study embodies the effect of some important parameters like base yarn twist level, number of base yarn, twist direction and injected fibre components on injected slub yarn performance in terms of tensile strength and breaking elongation. In case of single base slub yam, final yam tenacity and elongation increases with the reduction of base yarn twist level keeping final yarn twist multiplier constant. However, the effect of base yarn twist level is marginal in case of injected slub yarn made with double base yarn. Yarn tenacity and elongation significantly higher in case of double base injected yarns as compared to single base injected yarn. The aforementioned tensile parameters of single base injected slub yarns reduce with the reduction of yarn linear density. However, in case of double base injected slub yarns, highest tenacity and elongation value are achieved for 2/80s yarn having finest yarn liner density among 2/40s, 2/60s and 2/80s yarns. In case of single base injected slub yarn, tensile strength is slightly higher and elongation values are significantly higher when injection component fibres changed from 100% cotton to 50/50 polyester/cotton blended fibres which is just opposite to that of double base injected slub yarn. Results also showed that the twist direction in the base and final yarn influence the strength and elongation of injected slub yarns.
10 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref
Sushila;Yadav S;Khambra K;Rose N M
002060 Sushila;Yadav S;Khambra K;Rose N M (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: saroj16.yadav@gmail.com) : Development of design using chikankari embroidery motifs for fabric painting. Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 110-16.
India's centuries old tradition of ornamenting fabric has survived with the ravages of time and preserved local crafts, which reflect ample testimony to this great culture. Dyeing, printing, painting, brocading and embroidery have been traditionally used by women all over the world to decorate textile and apparel articles for their personal use. Embroidery, an expression of aesthetics, rendered with patient labour, is an art described as "painting by needle". Embroidery adds grace and elegance even into articles of everyday use. Indian embroidery takes its inspiration from nature and the products of various regions reflect the colours of the flora and fauna of that area. The taste for embroidered garments in the modern society is in increasing demand due to the fast changing fashion and their gracious look. The fashion industry demands a fast production schedule, but hand embroidery is a time consuming craft. If mass production is achieved by hand embroidery, the cost would be high and the quality would be unstable. Fabric painting gives fabulous surface decoration in lesser time as compared to embroidery. A study was conducted in I. C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Traditional Chikankari embroidery motifs were collected from secondary sources of data like books, journals, internet, museums, art galleries, fairs and personal visits, etc. for development of designs for adaption on kurti using fabric painting. Collected motifs were got evaluated from 20 experts comprising faculty members and P. Q. students. As per expert preferences, 15 motifs were selected and sketched in CorelDRAW-12 to get the required intricacy and fineness. Forty-eight designs were developed using selected 15 motifs with all possible combinations. The developed designs were got evaluated from 20 experts and top ranked four designs were selected for placement on kurti.
3 tables, 5 ref
Sarita Devi;Singh V;Punia P
002059 Sarita Devi;Singh V;Punia P (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: saritahooda1991@gmail.com) : Existing practices for use of underutilized textile materials by boutique owners and tailors. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(2), 275-80.
Textile materials need to be used to their fullest capacity as production of textiles is an expensive process. Therefore, a study was conducted to know the existing practices of boutique owners and tailors to use underutilized textile materials. Thirty respondents 15 each boutique owners and tailors, engaged in stitching of women wears with trimmings and ready-to-give responses for the present study were selected purposively from Hisar city to collect information regarding existing practices for use of underutilized textile materials, by using self-structured interview schedule and supplemented by observations. The maximum amount of underutilized textile materials available with boutique owners and tailors was in the form of small fabric pieces (1/4 metre and fabric scraps) followed by large fabric pieces (1/4 to 1A metres). Boutique owners used large fabric pieces for making clothing articles, while tailors donated materials to person engaged in making of furnishing & utility articles, soft toys and durries. Both boutique owners and tailors used small pieces for making trimmings.
5 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref
Punam Rani;Pruthi N;Singh S S J
002058 Punam Rani;Pruthi N;Singh S S J (Textile & Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: poonam.kakkar03@gmail.com) : Reduction of pesticide exposure with protective clothing for applicators. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(2), 268-74.
Pesticides provide many benefits but can be hazardous if not used safely. They can enter the body through the skin, the eyes, the mouth, and the Stings. The most common cause of pesticide poisoning for applicators is through skin contact. Due to inadequate protective clothing and drift of spray droplets, farm workers suffer from short-term health risks i. e. headache, eye irritation, nausea, breathlessness, loss of appetite, dizziness, skin allergy, vomiting & scorching and in long run it may lead to skin cancer. Using personal protective equipment i. e. goggles, gloves, cap, mask and apron reduces exposure and thus reduces risks to the pesticide applicator. To mitigate occupational health hazards faced by pesticide applicators especially at the time of spray on cotton, protective clothing and accessories were designed and their suitability and acceptability were assessed. Designed protective clothings were Dress-I : Jacket with polo collar and elasticized cuffs, Pyjama and especially designed cap of water resistant fabric having lining of cotton hosiery fabric along with beak mask and pleated mask. Dress-I did not cover face and neck properly. Dress-H was made with hood. Nylon (sample-I) used in dress-I was not liked by the respondents due to its appearance and slightly stiff texture, hence other four soft texture fabric samples were collected and tested on various parameters. Sample-in was very soft in texture, had lowest air permeability, highest percentage of evaporative resistance of fabric, lowest absolute water permeability, highest yarn count, lowest thickness and lowest weight. Hence, dress-H was developed using fabric of sample-in and compared with existing dress of sample-I. Masks made of voile were assessed during pilot study. Other two fabrics i. e. cambric and poplin were selected for both masks and compared with chemical resistant mask (readymade). Coloured/plain glasses, gloves and shoes were procured from the market. Developed dresses and procured accessories were given to 25 males for a period of one month for field trials for assessment of suitability and acceptability. The result highlighted that dress-II was assessed to be highly suitable (Xw=2.90) as compared to dress-I (Xw=2.10) with reference to face and neck coverage, comfortable and protection provided by fabric. Both dresses were found to be very comfortable due to its inner layer cotton fabric till two hours (Xw=2.55). Regarding masks chemical resistant mask provided maximum protection against vapours and also comfortability during breathing (Xw=2.90) followed by poplin (Xw=2.45), cambric (Xw=2.30) and voile (Xw=2.15). Protective clothing/accessories were highly acceptable by the male farmers because it did not have adverse effect on work efficiency (Xw=1.72), functional features/fasteners used in the garment did not cause pinching' (Xw=1.70) and protective clothing can be washed and maintained easily (Xw=1.68).
1 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref
Singh V;Yadav N;Dahiya M;Rana K
001025 Singh V;Yadav N;Dahiya M;Rana K (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: vivek_hau@rediffmail.com) : Digital canvas embroidery articles of cotton. J Cotton Res Dev 2015, 29(2), 350-5.
Cross stitch is one of the basic and most commonly used stitch of canvas embroidery. To work only in cross stitch can be tedious indeed, not only in execution, but also in the finished result. Digital/ computer assisted embroidery can be applied to a variety of fabrics, threads, decorative objects and stitches. Six digital canvas embroidery articles were developed by using innovative canvas embroidery designs, variety of threads and fabrics, embroidery ornamentation material like sequins, beads and stones and a combination of canvas stitches, as per consumer demand. Lack of fluidity in basic canvas stitch (cross stitch) and its tendency to pull fabric out of shape when rendered alone are the major limitations of canvas embroidery. A variety of straight, diagonal, cross and composite canvas stitches when supplemented with prevalent embroidery ornamentation material added amazing fluidity and clarity in the canvas embroidery designs. It was found that out of 6 value added articles, 5 were highly acceptable in descending order, i.e. kurti, wall panel, belt, cushion cover and file cover. Mobile cover was fairly acceptable. This aspect of digital canvas embroidery breaks the monotony and imparts a fresh novel look to the existing canvas embroidery.
3 illus, 4 ref
Shang S;Hu B;Yu C;Pei Z
001024 Shang S;Hu B;Yu C;Pei Z (Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education,, Donghua Univ, Shanghai, China, Email: yucw@dhu.edu.cn) : Effect of wrapped fibre on tenacity of viscose votex yarn. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 278-83.
Effect of wrapped fibre on tenacity of vortex yarn has been studied by spinning experiments, SEM observation and an ideal twisting model, which will help industry to predict and improve the yarn quality. The spinning results show that the changes in the wrapped fibres (including the number of wrapped fibre and the wrapping angle) determine the yarn tenacity. With the increase in nozzle pressure, the number of wrapped fibre increases significantly, the tenacity of the yarn increases, and the change in wrapping angle is just a little. On the other hand, with the increase in the nozzle orifice angle, the wrapping angle and the yarn tenacity increase, which shows a good agreement with the ideal twisting model results. Therefore, the tenacity of vortex yarn mainly depends on the number of wrapped fibre and the wrapping angle.
6 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref
Roy G;Saha S C
001023 Roy G;Saha S C (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040, Email: gautamroy1234@yahoo.com) : Novel and low-cost instrument for color identification of natural fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 344-5.
A new instrument has been developed to find out the color of natural fibres like jute and mesta using the light reflectance method and electronic light sensors. The system has been used to measure the color range of natural fibres very effectively and is also found very economical.
1 table, 6 ref
Rezig S;Jaouadi M;Khoffi F;Msahli S;Durand B
001022 Rezig S;Jaouadi M;Khoffi F;Msahli S;Durand B (Laboratory of Tectile Engineering, Monastir Univ, Tunisia, Email: rezig.sana@yahoo.fr) : Optimization of extraction process of typha leaf fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 242-8.
The influence of temperature, duration and soda (NaOH) concentration on the extraction yield, linear density, diameter, tenacity and lignin ratio of Typha leaf fibres has been studied. A factorial design of experience has been used to identify the optimum operating conditions, and equations relating to the dependent variables to the operational variables of the extraction process are established. The optimum extraction condition has been determined by the statistical study using response surface and desirability function. The morphology of the obtained fibres and chemical constituents are determined. Fibres, extracted from leaves of Typha with the optimum process, have a lignin content value of about 14% like jute, alpha-cellulose value of about 67% similar to pineapple and jute fibres, extractives content value of about 1%, starches content value of about 2% and ash content value of about 1%. Finally, the characteristics of the optimum Typha fibre are compared with those of other vegetable fibres, showing large diameter and low mechanical properties as compared to other vegetable fibres.
2 illus, 6 tables, 31 ref
Rafique S;Khattak S P;Hussain T;Ahmad B;Seemi I
001021 Rafique S;Khattak S P;Hussain T;Ahmad B;Seemi I (College of Home Economics, Peshawar Univ, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Email: bashirdr2015@yahoo.com) : Colour fastness properties of polyester/cotton fabrics treated with pigment orange and various functional finishes. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(12), 4568-74.
This study was conducted to develop an eco-friendly pigment colouration method in combination with functional finishing treatment for polyester/cotton blended fabrics. The advantages of pigment dyeing are manifold, however the rubbing fastness of colours in deeper shades is doubtful, hence it requires further exploration. The undertaken research focused on the assessment of colour fastness characteristics of polyester/cotton fabrics treated with pigment colourants and common functional finishes. The effect of finish type and concentration along with two different approaches of finish application were considered. As regards the effect of finishing techniques, the meta finishing treatments of dyed polyester/cotton fabrics with pigments, provided maximum dry rubbing fastness at both high and low concentrations of finish, while wet rubbing and wash fastness (staining) were found to be better in performance than post finishing method only at low concentration. The most favourable results regarding wet rubbing fastness of fabrics were attained by the treatment of durable water and oil repellent finish. The responses of soft polyurethane, water repellent (NUVA FD) and water/oil repellent (NUVA 3585) on dyed polyester/cotton fabrics were maintained at a good level of wash fastness (shade change). Moreover, desirable wet crocking and washing fastness of fabrics was achieved by incorporating fluorine dispersion (water repellent finish) directly in to the pigment formulations.
8 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref
Pattanaik M N;Ray S C
001020 Pattanaik M N;Ray S C (NO, College of Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: Sadhan53@yahoo.co.in ) : Effect of silicone treatment on hand value of cotton handloom fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 298-305.
Cotton handloom woven finished fabrics have been treated with silicone softener in order to improve the hand value by overcoming the inherent drawbacks, such as harsh feel of handloom fabrics, so as to make them suitable for readymade garments. Evaluation of the hand values of handloom fabrics in terms of bending stiffness, surface roughness and softness have been conducted by using simple and cheaper instruments/techniques, like Shirley stiffness tester, digital image processing methods and fabric feel tester. It is observed that with the increase in concentration of silicone softener there is an improvement in the softness as well as smoothness of the fabrics. Consumers experience a better feel when they touch the silicone treated handloom fabric or the garment by their hand.
2 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref
Palaskar S S;Desai A N;Shukla S R
001019 Palaskar S S;Desai A N;Shukla S R (Plasma Laboratory, The Bomba Textile Research Association, LBS Marg Ghatkopar (W) Mumbai-400 086, Email: btraplasma@gmail.com) : Plasma induced nano-finish for multifunctional properties on cotton fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 325-30.
Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment for fabric surface activation to facilitate deposition of nano silicon oxide, and nano-titanium dioxide onto cotton fabric has been studied. It is aimed to study the possibility of engineering a multifunctional cotton fabric. The treated fabric is evaluated for ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), antimicrobial activity, and flame retardancy as a functional finish. Surface morphology (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical properties are also studied. Scanning electron microscopy shows deposition of nano particles onto the fabric. He-O2 plasma pre-treatment improves the flame retardancy, UPF, antibacterial activity and thermal stability of the samples as compared to untreated samples. In order to improve the wash fastness of the finish, HMDSO plasma polymer is deposited on the surface of the finished fabric which acts as a barrier layer and imparts durable finish on cotton textiles.
6 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref
Ni X;Yu Y;Wang Q;Fan X;Cavaco-Paulo A;Yuan J
001018 Ni X;Yu Y;Wang Q;Fan X;Cavaco-Paulo A;Yuan J (Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of E, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China, Email: qiang_wang@163.com) : Effect of immobilized cellulase enzyme treatmebt on properties of ramie fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 331-7.
In this study, Eudragit S-100 has been covalently bound to the cellulase enzyme to form immobilized cellulase enzyme and then the effect of the treatment on ramie fabric properties is studied. The ramie fabrics treated with immobilized cellulase enzyme show lower quantities of reducing sugar, weight loss, and higher tensile strength than native cellulase enzyme-treated fabrics. Scanning electron microscopic analysis shows that the surface of ramie fabrics treated with cellulase enzyme is smoother than that of the untreated sample. Furthermore, treatment by the immobilized cellulase enzyme is less damaging to the fibres. X-ray diffraction studies show that there is hardly any loss in the crystallinity of ramie fabrics. Low-stress mechanical properties evaluated by the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric indicate that immobilized cellulase enzyme treatment improves the softness, flexibility, and elastic recovery of the ramie fabrics.
7 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref
Mayekar V M;Nachane R P
001017 Mayekar V M;Nachane R P (Physics Dep, Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai-400 019, Email: drrpnachane@hotmail.com) : Fabric pilling-objective measurement system. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 338-43.
An objective method of measuring pilling profile of fabric has been proposed using an inexpensive newly developed instrumentation. This measurement has been validated by direct measurement of pills using stereo microscope, as suggested by correlation analysis carried out between two sets of data. Results indicate that the objective assessment of pilled fabric could reliably be done by this machine, which can support subjective assessment done by the experts in grading of fabric.
^ssc4 illus, 14 ref
Karthik T;Murugan R
001016 Karthik T;Murugan R (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: muruganavd@gmail.com) : Optimization of process variables in rotor spinning for the production of cotton/milkweed blended yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 263-9.
Cotton/milkweed (60/40) blended yarn of 29.5 tex has been produced on rotor spinning system. The influence of fibre friction, opening roller speed and sliver linear density on rotor yarn properties has been studied using Box and Behnken factorial design and the optimum conditions within the processing limits of the machines are established. The results show that fibre friction is the dominant factor in determining the tensile properties and other properties of rotor-spun yarn. It is observed that a higher fibre friction gives higher yarn tenacity, and lower yarn unevenness, imperfection and hairiness. The opening roller speed also has a greater influence on rotor yarn properties. With an increase in opening roller speed, the number of points per fibre increases, which results in better fibre separation and improvement in yarn properties. But very high opening roller speed deteriorates the yarn properties and increases the end breakage rate mainly due to fibre breakage and low fibre straightness. Generally, heavier sliver weight leads to higher spinning draft which deteriorates the yarn properties.
5 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref
Jabbar A;Militky J;Wiener J;Javaid M U; Rawawire S
001015 Jabbar A;Militky J;Wiener J;Javaid M U; Rawawire S (Material Engineering Dep, Technical Univ of Liberec, Studentska 2461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic, Email: abduljabbarntu@gmail.com ) : Tensile, surface and thermal characterization of jute fibres after novel treatments. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2016, 41(3), 249-54.
Jute fibres have been treated with enzymes, CO2 pulsed infra red laser, ozone and plasma to study the effect of these treatments on their tensile, surface and thermal properties. Surface characteristics of jute fibres have been examined by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy while thermal characteristics using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). No significant reduction in the tensile strength of treated jute fibres is observed. Changes in the surface chemical composition and increase in surface roughness are observed after the treatments. DSC data show a decrease in decomposition temperature of hemicellulose of all treated jute fibres. DSC and TGA analyses show no marginal difference in the cellulose decomposition temperature of untreated and treated jute fibres. The study shows a change in the surface chemistry and morphology after treatments without any substantial change in the thermal stability and tensile properties of jute fibres. The study also reveals the potential use of infrared laser and ozone treatments for the modification of natural fibres besides the conventional treatments using enzymes and plasma.
5 illus, 1 table, 38 ref