024902   MADAN S, SACHAN P, SINGH U (Environmental Sciences Dep, Gurukul Kangri Univ, Haridwar- 249 404, Email: n.madan79@yahoo.com) : A review on bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent ? An alternative to conventional remedial technologies. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 367-74.

At present, a large amount of water required for paper production and various chemicals has been identified in effluents, which is produced at different steps of paper making in paper mills. The pulp and paper industry is typically related to pollution difficulties related to high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin and chlorinated compounds. Several studies have been made on eliminate these difficulties of pulp and paper effluents, the problem still continues. Although the physical and chemical methods are on the track of treatment, they are not on par with biological treatment because of cost ineffectiveness and residual effects. The biological treatment is known to be effective in reducing the organic load and toxic effects of paper mill effluents. Some microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been involved in degrading the chemicals present in pulp and paper mill effluent. This article is an overview of the attempts made by several researchers worldwide to use biotechnological methods for degradation of the toxic compounds present in pulp and paper mill effluents by using fungi, bacteria, algae and enzymes. The current study clearly shows that application of native dominant bacterial and fungal isolates may be used for the treatment of large pulp and paper mills effluents.

3 tables, 64 ref

024901   BHANDARI B, SINGH S S J, ROSE N M (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar- 125 004, Email: babita.bhandari55555@gmail.com) : Effect of sericin treatment conditions on dye abilty of cotton fabric. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 102-6.

A study was conducted to observe the effect of sericin treatment on dye abilty of cotton fabric using natural dye. Different parameters for sericin treatment were optimized on the basis of maximum percent dye absorption and washing fastness. It was found that 0.5 % (w/v) sericin in the presence of 4% crosslinking agent and 1 % catalyst treated at 70ºC for 45 minutes followed by drying at 70ºC for 4 minutes and curing at 160ºC for 2 minutes increased affinity of selected natural dye i.e. manjistha towards cotton fabric. Dye uptake of sericin treated fabric increased from 19.5% to 31.7% after application of sericin using all the optimized variables.

2 illus, 12 tables, 22 ref

023888   KULKARNI N, PARWATE D (National Institute of Miners Health, JNARDDC Campus, Nagpur, Email: npk1978@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of advanced NAA and AAS techniques against conventional techniques for analysis of metals in bauxite ores. Analyt Chem Lett 2017, 7(4), 458-69.

Mining, as a whole has the potential to shape and affect economies directly and indirectly. India as a country is endowed with huge reserves of many minerals. The current study focuses on evaluation of the conventional analytical techniques used post mining of bauxite ore against the advanced Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) for analysis of its constituent metals. Detection levels of AAS showed the lowest levels of concentration for all metals when compared to wet chemical and NAA results. While this may be attributed to dilution errors associated with AAS, consistency was also observed to be lacking between the two technically superior methods viz. AAS and NAA. Though predictability could be established post statistical deliberations for NAA results of aluminium and titaniu) using corresponding regression equations of wet chemical analysis, the same was not observed to be desirable for iron quantification by NAA. This may in turn be due to minimal sample losses in wet chemical analysis and the total absence of the same in NAA technique which requires zero handling thus minimizing scope of human errors. 

14 tables, 26 ref

023887   DEVI S, PUNIA P, PRUTHI N, SISODIA N (Clothing and Textile Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture Univ, Hisar, Haryana, Email: saroj.308@gmail.com) : Transformation of Kantha traditional embroidery: As fabric painting. Indian J Tradit Know 2017, 16(4), 720-5.

Rising concern in traditional Indian embroideries for their time consuming techniques and out dated look and reaching the art of painting at its highest degree of excellence, demands for revival of traditional Indian embroideries. These require bringing them into contemporary look and developed through faster techniques. Fabric painting is an innovative, economical and time saving technique as compare to the embroidery. Present study was conducted for transforming Kantha traditional embroidery designs for fabric painting on jacket for its revival at Hisar, India. Fifteen motifs were explored from market survey, 3 designs were developed and selected from them and finally three placement-design combinations were selected for developing final products. Six jackets were developed, i.e., three with embroidery and three with painting. On the basis of experts' preferences for developed jackets on various parameters, fabric painting technique was most preferred technique on the basis of overall appearance was considered best. The study will serve guidelines for a new designer to develop articles of same look from traditional embroidery technique with less time consuming techniques. It will open a new vista for women entrepreneur to make low cost articles with great demand. It will also enhance aesthetic beauty of traditional Kantha embroidery.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

023886   BAINS S, KAUR R, SETHI M (Apparel and Textile Science Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Punjab, Email: sandeepct@pau.edu) : The plight of Indian women in agriculture. Agric update 2017, 12(3), 512-5.

The status of women in a society is assessed by the recognition given to their participation and contribution in various fields. When we assess the number of women in farming activities, we realize the impact of the crisis prevailing in the agriculture sector. The seminal role played by our women in the enterprise of agriculture and its related activities has never been documented. Most certainly, our agriculture would not have sustained thus far without the role played by our women in its domain. Women with lower literacy levels and financial income as compared to their male counterparts may be unable to read leaflets or purchase protective equipment, putting their health at risk. 

1 table, 4 ref

023220   Sharma B;Punia P;Khambra K (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: bhartisharma2019@gmail.com) : Enrichment techniques used for making fertilizer bags products. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 286-7.

Enrichment technique is used for enhancing the outlook of any product. Embroidery is one of the surface enrichment techniques. Embroidery is the embellishment or decoration done on fertilizer bags to increase the beauty of the products. Applique is a work laid or applied on another material. The technique is very common in some kinds of textiles, but may be applied to many materials. Applique is a technique used to decorate an aspect of a garment or product. The technique is accomplished either by hand or machine. In the present study, canvas embroidery and applique work were done on the fertilizer bags products. It was found that the enrichment techniques enhanced the outlook of fertilizer bags products.

11 ref

023219   Puspa;Singh V;Punia P (Textile & Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: ptomer07@gmail.com) : Consumer perception of woven and embellished designs. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 288-90.

Weaving developed so far back in pre-history that almost every culture has attributed its invention to a god or goddess and some have elaborated mythological scenes. This may be because craftsmen living in the countryside were influenced by nature, festivals and ceremonies. The perception of the consumers regarding comparison of oven and embellished designs was studied by taking their opinion for - 403 - positive and negative statements. The responses were obtained as strongly agree, agree and somewhat agree scoring 3, 2 and 1, respectively, and for negative statements it as reverse. Majority of the respondents had low opinion about the statement that 'products do not match with the consumer requirements', 'no need to diversify the weaving techniques' and 'it is just wastage of time' scoring 1.60, 1.50 and 1.09, respectively. It can be concluded that the consumers had high opinion about the embellishment techniques as these helped in breaking the monotony of woven products and provided variation to existing techniques.

1 table, 7 ref

022246   Jadav K M;Gowda K N N (NO, , <35>304, 4th Cross, 4th Main, D-Group Layout, Srigandhadakaval, Vishwaneedam Post, Bangalore-560 091, Email: krishma.jadav@gmail.com) : Antibacterial and antioxoidant properties of silk fabric dyed with Cichorium intybus root extract. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(9), 299-304.

The present study was conducted to investigate the color strength (K/S), color fastness, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of silk using fabric Cichorium intybus root extract as a natural dye. Comparative results of color fastness (fastness to wash, rub, light and perspiration) and colorimetric properties (CIELab and K/S values) of dyed silk samples were studied to quantify the effect of mordants and mordanting method. Alum and Myrobalan were used as mordants. Three methods of mordanting techniques were used (pre, meta and post mordanting). The samples showed acceptable color strength and color fastness values. The antibacterial activity of the dyed samples with and without mordants was tested against common pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant property of the dyed fabric was analyzed by DPPH method. Cichorium intybus proved to be very effective in inhibiting microbial growth. The results of DPPH assay were positive for all the samples. The dyeing of silk fabric with Cichorium intybus root extract provided a multifunctional textile material with both antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

021279   Sasikala P;Thangamani P (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore) : Study on the effectiveness of bamboo blended fabrics on UV protection for maternity wear. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 54-6.

With the depletion of layer the earth become vulnerable for exposure of harmful UV radiations. The harmful UV rays reduce the effectiveness of folic acid supplementation by 20% with pregnant women. Hence, clothing with inherent property of UV protection is envisaged. In this paper, the UV protection characteristics of bamboo material blended with cotton, polyester and modal are investigated at three levels of fibre ratio. The test results showed that bamboo/modal blends are significantly better than bamboo/cotton and bamboo/polyester fabrics.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

019337   Tyagi I;Goel A (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar) : Review on natural fiber composites. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 54-6.

The mass production of glass fiber and other synthetic fiber reinforced petroleum based plastics has been causing many environmental problems. These include increase in the number of landfills required, depletion of petroleum reserves, and increase in the amount of CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere. Besides, the greatest problem of using such materials is how to conveniently dispose of them once they have come to the end of their useful life span. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the use of natural cellulosic fibres as the reinforcement for polymeric matrix and it was noted that, adding natural powder or fibre to plastics provides a cost reduction to the plastic industry and improves the physical and mechanical properties.

11 ref

019336   Tarafder N (NO, Hooghly Engineering and Technology College, Pipulpati, Hooghly) : Material characteristics of bullet proof vests as protective garments. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 10-15.

Bullet proof vest protects the wearer from most pistol and revolver bullets and from fragments of explosive devices such as grenades. One of the first commercially sold bullet proof armor was produced by a tailor in Dublin, Ireland in 1840. Light weight, soft and high performance Soft Armor Insert Panel (SAP) is the main ballistic system of bullet proof vests/jackets. By 1973, researchers at the Army's Arsenal responsible for the bullet proof vest design had developed a garment made of seven layers of Kevlar fabric for use in the battle fields. When carbon nano-tubes are made into yarns they provide flexibility, high electrical conductivity, durability / stability and absorb electromagnetic waves. In recent years, advances in material science have opened the door to the idea of a literal bullet proof vest, without the assistance of additional metal or ceramic plates. This review article illustrates the material characteristics of bullet proof vests as protective garments.

25 ref

019335   Senthilkumar P (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore) : Textiles in wound dressing - part 2. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 48-53.

During recent years there has been a growing demand for biological dressings, which could protect the wound in an individual phase of healing. An important and growing part of the textile industry is the medical and related healthcare and hygiene sector. The extent of the growth is due to constant improvements and innovations in both textile technology and medical procedures. In today's world there are various wound dressing with different types of chemicals. In the textile sector use of as much of the natural products as is possible is preferred. This paper reviews types of wounds, their characteristics, classification of wound dressings, wound healing mechanism, requirements of wound dressing, traditional wound dressings, textile materials used in wound dressing.

1 table, 8 ref

019334   Pargai D;Gahlot M;Jahan S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and technology, Pantnagar) : Value addition of nettle (girardinia diversifolia) fabric using cutch (acacia catechu) dye. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 20-4.

The main objective of the present study was the optimization of cutch dye (natural dye) on nettle fabric for enhancing UV protection properties of the fabric. Cutch dye was extracted at different pH and optimum pH was selected on the basis of colour strength (K/S) and visual evaluation. Further dyeing of nettle fabric was done at different concentrations of dye and optimum concentration of dye was selected. The K/S, colour fastness and UPF of dyed and mordanted nettle fabric samples were assessed. The highest UPF rating 130 (i.e. excellent protection category) was observed at 6% concentration of cutch dyed sample.

1 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

019333   Pant S;Juneja S (NO, , Clothing and Textiles, Faculty of Home Science, Banasthali Univ) : Performance of soya : Wool blended yarns. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 7-9.

Effect of blending soyabean fibre (S) with merino wool fiber (M) on properties of yarn has been reported. Soyabean and wool fibres were blended in three different ratios viz., S80/M20, S70/M30, and S50/M50. For each blend ratio yarns of 30Ne were prepared on ring spinning system. The yarns were tested for various properties. Blending of Soyabean fiber with wool fibre made the processing easier on ring spinning system. S80/M20 and S70/M30 yarns can be prepared with no severe impact on performance. The paper describes the performance of the blended yarns.

3 tables, 11 ref

019332   Murgod S B;Naik P Y;Mathiazhagan P;Naik S V (NO, Demonstration cum Technical Service Centre, Hindupur) : Impact of integrated skill development scheme (ISDS) by central silk board for silk sector. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 43-7.

Andhra Pradesh being in second place to contribute the silk production in the country has spread wide enough, its on-farm and non-farm silk activities over the last couple of years, especially during X Plan and XI Plan due to concerted efforts of Central Silk Board and Department of Sericulture, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. Given by the inadequacy of skilled persons, growth of industry, changing market needs, up-graded technology and to create job opportunities, Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Central Silk Board, Bangalore was assigned with the job of conducting ISDS Programmes. The highlight of the programmes is that 3 candidates emerged out as successful entrepreneurs, who established 3 nos. 10 basin multi-end silk reeling units employing around 30 families. The paper describes the training outcome.

3 illus, 7 tables, 2 ref

019331   Malik A (NO, High Performance Textiles Pvt. Ltd, Panipat) : Introduction to personal protective equipment: Part 1 - hand protection. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 57-61.

Owing to the various risks of health and safety of both skilled and unskilled workers in any industry, the - 384 - selection of right set personal protective equipments is very important. A worker can have a serious head injuries or a small injury like a slash on hand while working with sharp objects. In either case, the absence of workers directly impacts the production. In order to protect them from injuries, various protective equipments are required from head to toe positions. If used correctly, these personal protective equipments protect workers from injuries to a greater extent. The paper gives an overview of personal protective equipment for hand protection.

4 tables, 8 ref

019330   Bhargava D;Chaturvedi P (Home Science Dep, Banasthali Univ, Rajasthan) : Discharge printing of khadi fabric with calcium bantonite clay and sodium hypochlorite. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 16-19.

Discharge printing is one of the most versatile methods used for introducing design to textile fabrics. In discharge style of printing, the pattern is produced by the chemical destruction of the original dye in the printed areas of the fabric. Present study was under taken to optimize the printing of khadi fabric with calcium bantonite clay as thickening agent and sodium hypochlorite as discharging agent. Five variable of printing process viz. selection of clay, selection of discharging agent, amount of clay, ratio of sodium hypochlorite to calcium bantonite clay and drying time were optimized. It was also concluded that best discharge print on khadi fabric was obtained by calcium bantonite clay as thickener and sodium hypochlorite as discharging agent. It was concluded that optimum amount of clay was 2 g, optimum ratio of calcium bantonite clay to sodium hypochlorite was 1:2 and drying time was 30 minutes in order to obtain the best discharge print on khadi fabric. It was found that the discharge printed fabric with optimized conditions of printing process showed very good to excellent colorfastness properties against sunlight, pressing, rubbing, ironing and washing.

10 tables, 6 ref

017364   Ragheb A A;Tawfik S;Abd-El Thalouth J I; Mosaad M M (Textile Research Div, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Email: jackyibm@yahoo.com) : Development of printing natural fabrics with curcuma natural dye via nanotechnology. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(2), 611-20.

The present work is undertaken with a view to harness nanotechnology as one of the most important frontier sciences for development of printing natural fabrics using the most eco-friendly dyes, i.e. natural colors. Curcuma natural dye was studied to clarify the impact of nature of nano-size color particles on size, shape, and particle distribution of the natural dye with comparative studies of the K/S and over all fastness properties of printed samples on natural fabrics (wool, silk and cotton). Results showed that the K/S values of nano samples are higher than original samples, irrespective of the nature of the fabric used and /or the concentration of the coloring matter. Alum mordant incorporated with original curcuma can be omitted, and substituted by nano-curcuma without mordant. K/S values of the pre-mordanting acquired the higher values than the simultaneous mordanting irrespective of the fabric used, or dye particles size used, or curcuma concentrations on using tannic acid mordant. Color fastness to rubbing, and perspiration properties of nano dye is better than the original.

19 ref

016381   Xiang-fang R;Lei S;Zhe-bin X (Key Laboratory Eco-Textiles, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi, China) : Research mode of intelligent and interactive wearable devices for children's safety. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 79-84.

Based on the distinct features of children's physical and psychological needs, and the principles of human-machine interaction, the current paper is aimed to propose a scientific and systematic model for the design of intelligent and interactive wearable device for children's safety. The current study collected and analyzed consumers' multi-dimensional needs towards children's intelligent wearable devices. The interactive methods as well as their different features have been studied between intelligent wearable devices and human body.

4 illus, 28 ref

016380   Senthilkumar P;Yeswanthkumar R (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College Technology, Coimbatore) : Simulation and analysis of textile based cricket chest pads using finite element method - part 1. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 85-88.

In today's world textile materials are used for a variety of purposes apart from the convention apparel purpose. One such application is the use of textile materials in sports field. It includes the usage of these materials as sportswear, sporting goods and equipment and also other accessories. In the play area, a player is bound to be subjected to injuries. This work deals with the innovation of providing protection to the players by developing an impact resistant sportswear. The necessity behind the development of an impact resistant wear is that to reduce the severity of the injuries when the player is subjected to a sudden and heavy impact by the sporting equipment or any other factors. Initially the silhouettes have been developed analyzing the movement of the cricket player (batsman) to enhance comfort and performance of the player. The process of identifying a suitable fibre combination is done by developing a simulation of cricket chest pad using AUTOCAD 15.0 and analyzing its performance with the help of ANSYS 15.0 workbench module. The analysis have been carried out with the help of twenty different combinations using six fibres namely aramid, polyester, polypropylene, polyurethane, coir and jute. It is found from the analysis that coir-polypropylene-aramid-polypropylene pad withstands high stress with low displacement and is observed from the simulation analysis that this fibre combination possess excellent - 362 - impact resistance.

4 illus, 3 ref

016379   Pan N C;Samanta K K;Ammayappan L;Khan A (Chemical and Biochemical Processing Div, ICAR-National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, Kolkata) : Aroma finishing of textiles. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 93-5.

At present to keep the personal as well as professional stress under control people frequently take part in exercise, yoga, leisure and spa. In this regard, textiles with aroma could ensure an energetic, fresh and mind-refreshing feel to its wearer. Indeed it can also control the growth of bacteria and restrict the production of foul smell in fabric. To fulfil such requirement textiles were finished with fragrance of natural lavender, jasmine, Champa, sandalwood and rose water by direct and microencapsulation methods. Microencapsulation process of application enhances durability of finish by making chemical bonds with textile. During the actual usage of such textiles microcapsules get busted either by pressure or friction and the fragrance molecules get diffused in air, making the local atmosphere fresh and pleasant. Typical kerosenic smell of jute batching oil in jute textile was suppressed by application of microencapsulated jasmine oil to make it consumers' acceptable. The β-cyclodextrin and UV curing resin were also explored to enhance the durability of imparted aroma finish. The paper reviews the different technologies.

10 ref

016378   Ovali S;Mistik S I;Kocak E D (Textile Engineering Dep, Marmara Univ, Istanbul, Turkey) : Effect of microwave and ultrasonic surface treatments on heat conductivity properties of Luffa cylindrica fibre reinforced polyethylene composites. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2016, 6(4), 475-8.

Developing new natural fibre reinforced composites is the focus of many researches in recent years. Natural fibre reinforced composites are made from renewable resources and they have less environmental effect in comparison to inorganic fibre reinforced composites. Among the natural fibres, luffa cylindrica fibres are widely available throughout the world. Luffa fibres are known to have - 361 - lignocellulosic fibre characteristics. In this study, luffa cylindrica fibres were treated with acetic acid by using conventional, ultrasonic and microwave methods, then thermoplastic composite structures were produced by using raw and treated luffa cylindrica fibres as reinforcement material. Finally heat conductivity properties of the luffa cylindrica fibre reinforced polyethylene composite structures were investigated.

4 illus, 1 table, 8 ref'

016377   Kanade P S (Textile Engg. Dep., The Maharaja Sayajirao Univ of Baroda, Vadodara) : Comparison of structural, mechanical and aesthetic properties of fabrics woven with plain and its derived weaves: part - 1. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 89-92.

Apparel fabrics are available in lot of varieties that may arise due to color, changes in the fineness of constituent yarns and of course the weave. Plain weave is the most simplest of all weaves and endorses dense interlacement amongst the other weave types. Yet minor changes can result in altogether new weaves that are sometimes known as derivatives. As an outcome of these, changes in the mechanical and aesthetic properties may be observed in the resultant fabrics. This paper puts forward study conducted on fabrics with plain weave and its derivatives namely the mat/basket weave, warp and weft rib. The study revealed that compared to the plain weave its derivatives showed improved mechanical properties. The warp rib fabrics showed higher resistance to bending. The warp tensile strength was found well related to the pick density as was end density related to its abrasive strokes. Fabric cover showed good correlation with bursting strength and drape coefficient. The warp and weft cover factors are well related to their bending lengths while weft cover factor showed relation with its crease recovery angle. Rest of the fabrics showed very close results in terms of stiffness. Both warp and weft rib fabrics had lower drape coefficients with mat fabric showing the highest.

4 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

014480   Kathiresan G;Ragunathan S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam, Namakkal District-638 183, Email: kathirmechengg1980@gmail.com) : Impact of drivers for the implementation of green concept in small and medium sized (SMEs) leather industries of northern Tamil Nadu. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(3), 723-8.

Eco-friendly structure of supply chain concentrates on the accountability of an organization in valuing the entire ecological effects of yields through its complete life cycle, from the procurement of raw materials to the final utilization and products

7 tables, 20 ref

013399   SaravanaKumar T;Soumya P R;MinuManjari V; Aishvariya R E;Akalya N (Fashion Technology Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu) : Implementation of lean manufacturing tools in garment industry. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(3), 39-43.

For any Company's economy, the industry cost, production time, total quality management and waste reduction have great impact. The investments consumed by the company by eradicating non value added production work and time are very important. Focusing on thes

7 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

013398   Saraf S;Vaidya V K (NO, The Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032) : Application of response surface methodology for biosorption of reactive dyes from textile effluent using dead fungal biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus NCIM 997. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 13-24.

Response Surface Methodology was employed for studying the biosorption of reactive dyes from textile effluent by utilization of dead biomass of Rhizopus Arrhizus in a batch system. Central Composite Design at the specified combinations of four variables (pH, biosorbent dosage, speed of agitation, contact time) was adopted to achieve maximum biosorption. The fitted quadratic model (P<0.0001) was used to arrive at the best operating conditions. Under the following optimum conditions i.e., pH 2.0; biosorbent dosage 3 g/L; speed of agitation 80 rpm and contact time 60 min, 99.60% of the dyes were removed from the wastewater. The mechanism of biosorption was elucidated by FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. This work demonstrated the feasibility of employing Rhizopus Arrhizus as an effective and economical fungal biosorbent for the removal of dyes from the textile effluent.

5 illus, 5 tables, 67 ref

013397   Habib M A;Alshammari A G (Chemistry Dep, Science College, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ (IMSIU), P.O. 90950 (11623), Riyadh, KSA, Email: habib_11m@yahoo.com) : Recycling and utilization of waste deep frying oil in leather industry. Indian J chem Technol 2017, 24(2), 198-205.

The aim of this work is devoted to exploring recycling and application of the waste deep frying oil in the leather industry as a fatliquoring agent. Acid activated local bentonite clay (<126> 8N acid concentration) has been investigated in order to verify its impurities absorbent capacity in the deep frying oil bleaching. The activated sample achieved the ideal bleaching capacity (88.9%) at 3% bentonite dose (based on weight of oil).The bleached oil is sulfated at optimal conditions (15% - 420 - sulfuric acid based on the weight of oil, 30°C and 2 h stirring time). Sulfated oil is evaluated in order to verify their capacity to be used as a leather fatliquoring agent. The analytical data reveal that the desirable ratio of SO₃ (5.5%) that needed to running the sulfated oil in the fatliquoring process has been attained. The aqueous solution of 10% sulfated oil (fatliquor emulsion) show a high degree of stability against metallic ions and pH as well as great ability to penetrate the chrome tanned leather, adding mass to the leather. The mechanical properties enhancement, what are recommended to be in the fatliquored leather has been reached. The microscopic examination of the fatliquored leather surface and fiber bundles shows that the tiny fibers are actually coated with a thin film of fat-liquor.

4 illus, 8 tables, 38 ref

012389   Zhu Z;Chen X;Wang M;Lin J (College of Textiles and Graments, Jiangnan Univ, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P R China, Email: zhuzhifengwu@sina.com.cn) : Toughened cyanoethyl starch by blending with poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) latex for warp sizing. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 100-6.

The effect of an emulsion-copolymerized poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) latex on the toughening of cyanoethyl starch (CES) has been studied through blending to reduce the brittleness of CES film for warp sizing. The toughening has been accessed in terms of breaking elongation, tensile strength, work-at-break, and bending endurance of CES film. Also, the influences of the latex on the adhesion-to-fibre, desizability, and aerobic biodegradation of CES have been examined. The results show that the latex is able to toughen CES film and this ac

3 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

012388   Yilmaz N D;Sulak M;Yilmaz K;Arifuzzaman Khan G M (Textile Engineering Dep, Pamukkale Univ, Denizli 20020, Turkey, Email: naziredyilmaz@gmail.com) : Effect of chemical treatments on physico-chemical properties of fibres from banana fruit and bunch stems. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 111-17.

Fibres have been extracted from fruit and bunch stems of banana plant by water retting and evaluated in terms of their performance characteristics. Banana bunch stem fibres have been found to be superior in terms of fineness, initial modulus and breaking strength, whereas elongation ratio shows an inverse trend. Thus, they have been further treated by bleaching and alkalization. Among the treated fibres, the bleached fibres show the highest initial modulus, breaking tenacity, and the lowest elongation. Alkalization results in increased breaking elongation and decreased initial modulus, whiteness and water absorption. The bunch stem fibres present higher water absorptive capacity and lower whiteness compared to that of fruit stem fibres. The characteristics of these unconventional fibres have been found to be comparable to natural fibres traditionally used in textiles. The ranges for properties of the studied banana fruit and bunch stem fibres in general can be given as: linear density 12.71-20.38 tex, initial moduli 168 -326 cN/tex, breaking tenacity 9.89-13.3 cN/tex, breaking elongation 4.42-16.4%, and moisture content 11.6-15.8%.

^ssc4 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

012387   Song J;Wen W;Cui H (Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power System, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Univ of Aeronautics a, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China, Email: dfsongjian2006@126.com) : Finite element analysis of mechanical properties of 2.5D angle-interlock woven composites: Part 1- full-cell model and its validation. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1) , 17-24.

A new parameterized micro-structural model of 2.5D angle-interlock woven composites, named 'full-cell model', has been established. In order to verify the validation of finite element model (FEM) based on the full-cell model, the effective elastic properties and the mechanical response of 2.5D woven composites are presented. Additionally, the effects of fibre aggregation density and thickness on the mechanical properties are also investigated in detail. The experimental results are compared with the values of FEM based on the full-cell model and inner-cell model.

8 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

012386   Murugan R;Karthik T;Dasardan B S;Subramanian V;Shanmugavadivu K (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: muruganavd@gmail.com) : Effect of lateral crushing on tensile property of bamboo, modal and tencel fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 107-110.

The effect of lateral crushing on the tensile properties of bamboo, modal and tencel fibres has been investigated. A fibre crushing apparatus has been used for the purpose of lateral crushing of fibres. The influence of transverse compression on the axial mechanical properties of these fibres has been analysed. The study reveals that modal fibre sustained a higher loss in tensile properties compared to bamboo and tencel. The general phenomenon obtained from the study is that the percentage loss of strength and breaking extension varies from one fibre to another based on the fibre type and morphology.

^ssc4 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

012385   Merati A A;Moazeni N (Textile Engineering Dep, Advanced Textile Materials and Technology Research Institute, Amirkabir Univ of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Email: merati@aut.ac.ir) : New technique of producing silver of estabragh fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 72-6.

In order to produce a 100% Estabragh sliver, an experimental apparatus has been designed and assembled. The sliver of Estabragh fibres has been produced and the arrangement of fibres in the sliver is studied. The results show that the fibres are arranged approximately parallel in the sliver. The angle of 70% of fibres to the sliver axis is found to be less than 10°. The mean angle of Estabragh fibres is about 10.69° while that of viscose fibres on a traditional sliver is about 18.84°.

4 illus, 12 ref

012384   Liu X;Liu X (Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi 214122, P R China, Email: liuxinin2006@163.com) : Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field in three-line rollers and four-line rollers compact spinning systems using finite element method. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 77-82.

In this investigation, the airflow velocity principle in the condensing zone of three-line rollers and four-line rollers compact spinning systems has been studied and the relationship between the flow distribution in velocity component and the yarn properties is discussed. The important effect is the accurate description of the yarn track in the condensing zone.The yarns of 9.72tex, 14.58tex and 29.15 texfineness have been spun on three-line rollers and four-line rollers compact spinning systems respectively. The hairiness, the breaking force and the evenness of the spun yarnsare tested respectively. With the help of a high-speed video camera, a periodic movement of the fibres in bundle in the condensing zone has been detected firstly and the yarn tracks are described. Numerical simulations are investigated using ANSYS software. The yarn tracks are different. The flow velocity component on transverse condensing direction of fibres in bundle has the direct condensing effect, which is beneficial for ameliorating evenness. The flow velocity component on output and thickness direction of fibres in bundle has the assistant condensing effect and can improve spun yarn strength and reduceyarn hairiness.

6 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

012383   Li Q;Li Q (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile Univ, Wuhan 430073, China, Email: whclare@163.com) : Regenerated cellulose/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films with enhanced mechanical peoperties prepared in NaOH/urea aqueous solution. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 51-6.

Regenerated cellulose (RC)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) composite films have been successfully prepared in NaOH/urea aqueous solution by coagulation with H₂SO₄ solution. The structure and properties of the RC/MWCNTs composite films are investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile testing. The results reveal that the MWCNTs disperse well in the cellulose matrix when the content of the MWCNTs is less than 1wt%. MWCNTs in the cellulose matrix maintain the original nanocrystalline structure and properties, weaken the hydrogen-bond formed between the cellulose, decrease the crystallinity of the composite films, but do not apparently reduce the thermal stability of the composite films. Compared to regenerated cellulose films, the mechanical properties of the composite films have been improved to some extent. The tensile strength of the composite films is bound to be 108 MPa, when the amount of MWCNTs is just 0.2 wt%.

7 illus, 30 ref

012382   Koyuncu M (Textile Dep, Van Vocational Higher School, Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Van, Turkey, Email: mendereskoyuncu@gmail.com) : Effect of alkaline treatment on mechanical properties of voile gabric reinforced epoxy composites. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 89-93.

Effect of alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced with alkali-treated voile fabric has been studied. The voile fabric is treated with different concentrations of NaOH solution (1% and 3% ) for 1 h at 20 ± 2 °C. The epoxy-based composite obtained by reinforcing the alkali-treated fabric is evaluated for its tensile strength, and dynamic mechanical properties. Composite reinforced with 3% NaOH solution treated fabric shows significant improvement in tensile strength (<126>32.72%). This implies that the concentration of NaOH treatment greatly influences the interfacial adhesion between the voile fabric and the epoxy. Results of dynamic mechanical analysis show an increase in the storage moduli of the composites reinforced with 1% and 3% NaOH treated fabric as compared to untreated composites at 20 -100 °C. However, for all the composites, the storage modulus decreases with the increase in temperature with a significant fall in the temperature range 25 - 100 °C, indicating that the incorporation of voile fabric in epoxy matrix unconcluded reinforcing effects appreciably at higher temperatures. The loss moduli of untreated and treated composites decrease with the increase in temperature. The glass transition temperatures of the untreated and treated (1% and 3% NaOH) composites are found to be 35.36 °C, 35.81 °C, and 30.55 °C respectively. For all the composites, the value of tan d decreases with the increase in temperature which indicates the level of interactions between the polymer matrix and the reinforced fabric. The fractured surface of composites is observed using SEM, which indicates the surface modification of the voile fabrics with alkali treatment and subsequent improvement in fibre-matrix adhesion.

5 illus, 27 ref

012381   Karthik T;Murugan R;Sakthivel J C (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: muruganavd@gmail.com) : Comfort properties and dyeing behaviour of cotton/milkweed blended rotor yarn fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 25-30.

Milkweed (M) fibres have been blended with cotton (C) fibres at three different proportions and the rotor-spun yarn fabrics are produced. The comfort properties of 100% cotton and C/M blended fabrics are analysed. The fabrics have been dyed with two types of reactive dyes, namely CI Reactive Yellow 3RS and CI Reactive Red 120, and the colour strength and other calorimetric parameters of the dyeing are analysed. From the comfort properties of the fabrics, it is noticed that the air and water vapour permeabilities of C/M blended fabrics are lower than the 100% cotton fabric and decrease with the increase in milkweed proportion. The thermal conductivity of C/M blended fabrics is lower than 100% cotton fabric and decreases with the increase in milkweed proportion. The reduction in inter-yarn space and higher yarn hairiness leads to reduction in air, water and thermal conductivity values with the increase in milkweed proportion. The wickability of C/M blended fabrics increases with milkweed proportion due to the open yarn structure and hollowness of milkweed fibres. From the dyeing behaviour of fibres, it is observed that the colour strength of C/M 80/20 is higher than 100% cotton and it decreases with the further increase in milkweed blend proportion. The low cellulose percentage, higher crystalline orientation index of milkweed fibres compared to cotton results in lower colour strength values with milkweed percentage greater than 20%.

4 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

012380   Kakvan A;Najar S S;Psikuta A;Sharifnejad F ( Textile Engineering Dep, Amritkabir Univ of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran, Email: saeed@aut.ac.ir) : Comfort limit and heat protection properties of single layer cotton/nylon-kermel blended fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 57-63.

Fire and heat protection and thermal comfort properties of cotton/nylon-Kermel blended fabrics have been studied to predict thermal comfort and protection limit of this fabric structure. The results indicate that the cotton/nylon blended with Kermel fabrics, particularly with 30% Kermel fibres, exhibits the highest upper thermal comfort limit and also the widest range of fabric metabolic activity level. The obtained result indicates that all the sample fabrics consisting of 50% cotton fibres have close drying times. The result also shows that the increase in Kermel fibres ratio in blended fabrics has a pronounced effect on prevention of fire diffusion. An increase of Kermel fibres have significant effect on radiant protective performance of fabric samples. The results of vertical wicking and MMT tests show that the addition of Kermel fibres up to 10% significantly detracts these thermal comfort properties. However, the increase of Kermel fibres ratio from 10% to 100% have no significant effect on wicking as well as moisture management properties. The study shows that the blending of Kermel fibre at 30% blend ratio with cotton and nylon enhances thermal comfort limit and heat protection of blended fabrics.

5 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

012379   Hasani H;Avinc O;Khoddami A (Textile Engineering Dep, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-8311, Iran, Email: h_hasani@cc.iut.ac.ir) : Effects of different production processing stages on mechanical and surface characteristics of polylactic acid and PET fibre fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 31-7.

This paper reports study on the polylactic acid (PLA) and polyester (PET) knitted fabrics mechanical and surface characteristics at low-stress and the influence of typical commercially applied different production processing stages on the properties. The KES-FB is used for the investigation of low-stress bending, compression, tensile, shear and surface characteristics. The results show remarkable changes after each processing stage, such as scouring, drying, dyeing, heat setting and softening, in mechanical and surface characteristics of PLA and PET fibre knitted fabrics. PLA knitted fabrics represent higher values in bending, shear and surface properties after different processing stages as compared to PET knitted fabrics. The values of bending rigidity (B), bending hysteresis (2HB), shear stiffness (G), and shear hysteresis (2HG and 2HG3) have been significantly decreased after the scouring treatment. There is a considerable decrease in B, 2HB, G, 2HG and 2HG3 values and an improvement in tensile elongation (EMT) after dyeing of PET and PLA fabrics. A slight reduction in shear and bending properties of polylactic acid fibre fabricsshows that softening treatment decreases the inter fibre and inter yarn friction. LT (linearity of load-extension curve), RT (recovery from tensile deformation), LC (linearity of compression curve) and RC (recovery from compression deformation) properties are not found quite sensitive for different production processing stages in case of both the fabrics.

2 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref

012378   Gupta M K;Srivastava R K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211 004, Email: mkgupta@mnnit.ac.in) : Mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composite . Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 64-71.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties, and to perform dynamic mechanical analysis of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composite. The mechanical properties of the jute composites such as tensile, flexural and impact are investigated in this study. The dynamic mechanical analysis has been done in terms of storage modulus, loss modulus and damping parameter within the temperature range 30° - 200° C. The thermogravimetric analysis is used to measure the weight loss as a function of temperature. Thermal properties such as glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, decomposition temperature, and enthalpy are obtained from differential scanning calorimetry studies. It is observed that the addition of jute fibre up to 30 wt. % in epoxy matrix increases the mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties.

6 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

012377   Gorji M;Jeddi A A A;Gharehaghaji A A; Haghpanahi M (Textile Engineering Dep, Engineering Faculty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: mgorji@aut.ac.ir) : Finite element modeling of electrospun nanofibre mesh using microstructure architecture analysis. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 83-8 .

This investigation is aimed at modeling the tensile behavior of electrospun polyurethane (PU) membrane. The PU web is produced with different morphologies and the structural parameters are studied through SEM images. Three-dimensional network is simulated using ABAQUS software. Each fibre is modeled as hyperelastic material and each crosslink is modeled as multi point constrain tie. The stress-strain behavior of PU mat is modeled by finite element method, and the effect of fibre diameter, fibre orientation and thickness of web is investigated. The stress-strain curves of networks at three different morphologies are compared with modeling measurements. The model by using third order reduced polynominal as fibre hyperelastic potential energy function shows good agreement with experimental findings which confirm that the tensile behavior of PU web can be explained entirely by microstructure of the network.

5 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

012376   Ezashahabi N;Tahran M A;Latifi M;Madanipour K (Textile Engineering Dep, Textile Excellence and Research Centers, Amirkabir Univ of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Email: ezazshahabi@aut.ac.ir) : Modelling of surface roughness based on geomatrical parameters of woven fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 43-50.

A novel model has been developed for the surface roughness evaluation of woven fabrics, based on fabric geometrical parameters. The model is developed based on the properties of twenty five groups of woven fabrics consisting of five various weave structures and five different weft densities. The output of the model is validated through a set of subjective roughness pair-comparison tests. The model output is found to be in accordance with the roughness scale value which is obtained from subjective tests, to a reasonable extent. The statistical analysis of roughness results shows that the effect of fabric structural parameters such as weave structure and weft density is significant in the confidence range of 95%. This model can be utilized for the prediction of the roughness behavior of various types of woven fabrics. Bearing in mind the influence of fabric surface roughness on the comfort and aesthetic properties of cloths, the usage of the model is a guide for selecting the suitable fabric for various end uses.

5 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

012375   Chakraborty S;Kothari V K (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: iitkothari@gmail.com) : Effect of moisture and water on thermal protective performance of multilayered fabric assemblies for firefighters. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 94-9.

Multilayered protective fabric assemblies comprising a Nomex III woven outer layer, Nomex nonwoven thermal liners and a modacrylic/cotton woven inner layer have been studied for heat protective performance. Effect of conditioning and presence of water on the outer layer fabric has been studied on heat protective performance, against radiant heat flux. It is observed that the radiative heat protective performance of firefighters' protective clothing assembly can be improved in presence of a water tight barrier layer used just after the outer layer when the outer layer fabric is wet. Conditioning of the assembly in a particular environment can also significantly affect thermal protective performance.

5 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

012374   Bedeloglu A C;Bhullar S K;Borazan I;Cin Z I; Demir A (Fiber and Polymer Engineering Dep, Bursa Technical Univ, Bursa, Turkey, Email: ayse.bedeloglu@gmail.com) : Manufacturing and morphology of poly(ε=caprolactone) based microfibre webs for biomedical applications through airbrush technique. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 38-42.

The objective of this study is to fabricate poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)-based micro/nano fibrous structures by using different types of solvents and nozzle sizes and to investigate the morphology of fabricated airbrushed structures for future biomedical applications. It is observed from the morphology and diameter of micro/nanofibres structures based on nozzle size, concentration of PCL and solvents, that these airbrushed biocompatible and biodegradable webs offer a potential in the medical field requiring direct, rapid and conformable applications.

5 illus, 30 ref

012373   Baldua R K;Rengasamy R S;Kothari V K ( Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110 016, Email: iitkothari@gmail.com) : Effect of linear density of feed yarn filaments and air-jet texturing process variables on compressional properties of fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2017, 42(1), 9-16.

Effect of filament fineness and process parameters employed in the production of air-jet textured yarns has been studied on the compression and recovery of union fabrics made from air-jet textured yarns as weft and twisted filament yarns as warp. Filament linear density and process parameters such as overfeed, air pressure and texturing speed affect the textured yarn structure and hence fabric properties. The individual effect of filament fineness and process variables in the production of air-jet textured yarn has been studied in terms of potential contribution and normalized regression coefficient on fabric low load compression behavior. Fabric low load compression-recovery behavior has been analyzed in terms of compression parameter, recovery parameter and resiliency. Analysis shows that most dominating factor to explain the low load compression properties of air-jet textured yarn fabric is overfeed percentage, while linear density per filament is most dominating factor affecting fabric resiliency.

5 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

012372   Ajay Kumar;Pareek P K;Shakyawar D B;Kadam V V (Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry Dep, ICAR-Cental Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Email: kumarajay817@gmail.com) : Colourless natural antimoth agents for woollens. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 73-6.

Woollen products are quickly infested with moth under favourable conditions. Some of the natural dyes have antimoth efficacy, but they reproduce limited colour shades. To identify a colourless natural source for antimoth properties, Datura stramonium L. (Datura) was taken. On a weight basis, 43.56% colourless extract yield of datura seeds was obtained. The woollen fabric was treated with extract to study antimoth efficacy by standard method and compared with synthetic antimoth agent 'Eulon'. The antimoth efficacy was found to be poor in datura seed extract alone as well as with alum and ferrous sulphate. Treatment of the seed extract with stannous chloride showed excellent antimoth efficacy (0.19%), equivalent to commercial antimoth agent "Eulon" (0.17%). The natural antimoth extract obtained from datura seeds avert moth attack on woollen fabrics and can be used for industrial application.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

011393   Vastrad J V;Walmiki L N;Goudar G (All India Coordinated Research Project on Home Science (Clothing and T, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: jyotivastrad@gmail.com) : Dyeing of cotton yarn with marigold (Tagetes erecta) petals: an emphasis on pre-treatments and mordants. IPPTA Jl 2017, 9(2), 1282-6.

Natural dyes and eco-friendly finishing of textile fabrics is gaining popularity because of the consciousness of people in saving the ecology. Widely available resources in India have encouraged researchers in experimenting on extraction and application of dyes for textile colouration. The aim of the present experiment was to standardize a protocol for optimization of pre-treatment, mordanting and dyeing of cotton yarn with African marigold flower petals. Myrobolan, pomegranate rind and tamarind hull were utilized in different concentrations for pre-treatment. Effect of different mordants and pre-treatment concentrations on colour strength (K/S, L, a* and b*) parameters of the cotton yarn is was studied. Op

5 tables, 19 ref

011392   Vadivel M;Sathiakeerthi S;Rajaiah K;Rai A K; Jha M K (NO, , ) : Technological advancement in stiffness improvement for duplex board making industries in India. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 147-59.

Increasing want of paper in the country which is growing at a rate of 6 - 7 % annually demands for increased requirements of raw material which is expected be almost double in next decades. Due to the shortage of paper making raw materials the usage of agro, recycled and other raw materials is inevitable. All over the world for duplex board making mills by using a recycled waste paper have a bright future due to heavy demand raised by packaging and printing Industries. In duplex board all customers needs stiffness rather than coating related properties such as gloss, brightness. To achieve better stiffness in the duplex board, the mill might expand its operational issues from raw material feeding to finishing. The use of recycled paper like ONP, corrugated, coated boards severely affect the drainage and other functional properties of board. In this case study the plant trial was taken in a board making mill having a cylinder mould operation, with catioinc starch, catioinc starch + catioigc DSR, Polyethyleneimine(PEI), cationic polyacrylamide copolymers cPAM, anionic polyacrylamide copolymers aPAM, to save the fiber, reduce cost of production and get improved board stiffness with the application of colloidal chemistry.

12 illus, 8 table, 18 ref

011391   Suresh T;Dhingra R K;Chandra N (NO, , ) : Technological advancements in CPP by using Agro residue in bio-methanation process for producing compressed methane gas as alternative fuel of LPG. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 41-6.

In Century Pulp and paper Effluent generated from bagasse wash contains high COD in the range of 4000-5000 PPM.This cannot be treated in conventional effluent treatment plant. We have installed Bio-Methanation plant to treat bagasse wash effluent and create wealth to waste by generating Methane gas and used as a fuel. CPP installed state of art Bio methanation plant with the capacity 8.4 MLD and generating gas @10000cm3/day. Methane gas carries certain impurities like H₂S,CO₂ and etc which cannot be used directly in gas burner inplace of LPG. The Effective utilization of this gas we have installed 500cm3/hr gas scrubbing plant. ln this Plant H₂S is removed by caustic scrubbing and CO₂ is removed by high Pressure water Scrubbing. After removing of impurities in the Methane gas the calorific value of CMC is approx 1110OK cal/kg which is equals to 1.1 times of LPG. In CPP We are using LPG gas in Tissue plant for drying of Paper in Wetend and dryend burners effectively by replacing the LPG. On every day 4.0Mt of LPG is replaced by the CMC and running the plant Successfully since Jan'1 6. In Future we have a plan to replace the LPG gas with CMC in coating drying area. Presently the cost savings by using CMC is approx 7.0 Crores/Annum.

3 table

011390   Sheoran M;Chandra A;Bhunia H;Bajpal P K;Pant H J;Rao S M (NO, , ) : Investigation the flow behaviour of continuous pulping digester using radiotracer technique to optimise the operating conditions. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 35-40.

The modern pulp and paper mills are shifting from wood based raw material to alternate cellulose rich raw material such as agro-residues like, wheat straw, bagasse, etc. It is due to rapidly shrinking forest fields and other environmental concern. This shift made the pulping process as continuous process rather than the traditional batch operation, hence, it is facing new technological challenges. In the continuous process, the raw material is being digested in horizontal continuous pulping digester to obtain pulp. The output quality of the produced pulp is highly influenced by the time spent by the raw material inside the digester in the presence of white liquor at high temperature and pressure. In this regard, an industrial scale three tube continuous pulp digester has been analyzed using latest non-destructive radiotracer residence time distribution (RTD) technique. The radioisotope ⁸²Br ( γ energy source) has been used as radiotracer to trace the liquid phase of the pulp digester. The biomass flow rate and white liquor flow rate are considered as the process variables for the experiments. The obtained RTD data was treated and used to explain malfunctioning and flow abnormalities in the pulp digester. Flow channeling was observed in the first tube of the digester. The mean residence time (MRT) of pulp digester is also estimated for various sets of conditions. The - 394 - influence of MRT on the pulp quality has been correlated with Kappa number (k) and residual alkali. Based on the obtained results and analysis, the optimum operating conditions have been recommended for the digester.

2 illua, 2 table, 16 ref

011389   Sharma A K;Sharma S;Thapar S K;Sharma S (NO, , ) : Influence of anthraquione on alkaline pulping. IPPTA Jl 2016, 28(3), 122-4.

The search for increased production and improvement of the cooking process is continuous and has shown tremendous progress in the recent past. It is a common practice throughout the world to use some cooking additives during the pulping process. The main purpose of using cooking additives generally consists of the following : use of Cooking Additives results in reducing the cooking cycle, it results in reducing the chemical consumption and it can result in improving the pulping yield. All the pulp and paper technical persons are well aware of the mechanism of pulping and the various steps involved during the cooking process. However for a quick review it can be said that the penetration of the cooking chemicals, the dosage of the chemical employed for cooking and the cooking cycle are the most important parameters during the cooking process and they govern the cooking process to a major extent in all cooking processes whether acidic cooking or alkaline cooking i.e. Soda/Sulfate cooking of the raw material. These parameters play the most significant role irrespective of the nature of raw material and pulping process Various kinds of chemicals have been advocated for achieving the above mentioned parameters at a faster rate. In the recent years the raw material costs have increased significantly specially in countries like India where there is a shortage of the fibrous materials and the paper makers have started using alternate sources of fibre apart from wood such as bagasse, wheat straw,rice straw etc. Under these circumstances the overall pulp yield froma particular raw material has started playing a major role in the selection of digester cooking additives. The additive which result in increasing the pulp yield in addition to improving the pulping parameters as detailed above have started playing a major role.