041340   MOEZZI M, KHAVARI S, GHANE M (Textile Engineering Dep, Bonab Univ, Bonab 5551761167, Iran, Email: meysammoezzi@ubonab.ac.ir) : Effect of UV degradation and dynamic loading on durability of acrylic carpets using multiple regression method. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 26-31.

The effect of dynamic fatigue loading on the carpet samples subjected to long-time UV radiation exposure has been studied. The carpet samples are first subjected to different UV exposure time and then dynamic loading is imposed to the samples. In each case, the thickness loss of the carpets is measured. The results show that the UV exposure time has a slight effect on the thickness loss of the carpets. The number of dynamic impacts, on the other hand, shows a significant effect on the thickness loss with an exponential correlation. Using best curve fitting method based on least square method, a predicting equation is derived for the multiple effect of UV exposure time and number of dynamic loading on the thickness loss. The experimental verification reveals that the proposed predicting equation can be used with an acceptable accuracy.

4 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

041339   ISHTIAQUE S M, MAWKHLIENG U, YADAV V K (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, Email: ishtiaque@iitd.ac.in) : Fabric comfort by modifying yarn structure: Part II—Low-stress mechanical, thermal and transmission characteristics of fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 19-25.

The present study aims at investigating the influence of yarn structure, modified through process parameters of ring frame (spindle speed, twist multiplier and ring frame draft), on low-stress mechanical, thermal properties and transmission properties of fabric. It is observed that the structural changes influence thermal, transmission and low-stress mechanical characteristics of fabrics due to change in fabric porosity and thickness. In general, the bending and compression properties increase but shear and surface properties of the fabrics decrease with the increase in spindle speed, twist multiplier and draft. The study further reveals that air permeability, thermal absorptivity, thermal diffusivity, heat conductivity and moisture transmission properties increase but thermal resistance decreases with the increase in spinning process parameters.

5 tables, 22 ref

041338   BADBADE P R, RAJA E D, HEGAJE A K (D.K.T.E. Society’s Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji - 416 115, Email: pbadbade@gmail.com) : Effect of elastane-cotton core-spun yarn liveliness on woven modified mock leno fabric properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 14-8.

The present study is aimed at accessing the impact of elastane core liveliness on physical and mechanical properties of elastane-cotton core-spun yarn fabric. The yarn liveliness is altered by changing draw ratio on ring frame and thus the elastane core % in the yarn. The 4 samples of 30s Ne elastane core-spun cotton yarn have been produced using 40 den elastane having 5, 7, 9 and 11 % elastane core adjusted by using suitable draw ratio on ring frame. These elastane core-spun cotton yarns are used in weft direction to produce fabric sample. These fabric samples are tested for various physical and mechanical properties as per ASTM standards. The findings reveal that the yarn core liveliness has significant effect on various physical and mechanical properties of fabric.

5 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

041337   BALDUA R K, RENGASAMY R S, KOTHARI V K (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, Email: iitkothari@gmail.com) : Effect of some feed filament parameters and weave on compressional properties of air-jet textured yarn fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 9-13.

The influence of some feed filament parameters and weave on compression and recovery behaviour of air-jet textured yarn fabrics has been studied and compared with their corresponding parent yarn fabrics. Fabric low load compression-recovery behaviour has been analysed by defining initial thickness, compression parameter, recovery parameter and resiliency. Fabrics made from coarser yarn (larger total yarn dtex) have higher initial thickness and compression parameter while lower recovery parameter and resiliency, as compared to fabrics made from finer yarn. Fabrics are woven with two woven structures, namely plain and twill weave to assess the effect of fabric structure on compression and recovery behaviour of the fabrics. Twill woven fabrics exhibit a higher value of all compressional parameters compared to their equivalent plain woven fabrics. Parent yarn fabrics exhibit a low value of all compressional properties, irrespective of change in any feed yarn characteristics as compared to their equivalent textured yarn fabrics.

7 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

040046   SHANMUGAM N, SHAKYAWAR D B, JOSE S, KUMAR A, KADAM V (Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry Div, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar- 304 501, Rajasthan, Email: dr.shanmugam@gmail.com) : Blending of comber noil and raw wool and its effect on blanket properties. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 112-6.

An exploratory research was carried out to examine the effects of blending comber noil with raw wool on the properties of woollen blanket. Four types of blankets were prepared by keeping comber noil levels at 10, 20, 30 and 40 % with Bharat Merino and Chokla raw wool in the blends. Yarn realization and yarn breaking load decreased (P<0.05) with increasing in noil in blends. Thickness of blanket and bending length of warp and weft increased significantly (P<0.05) with the addition of noil. Increase in noil in the blend ratio did not affect the abrasion loss. Dynamic friction coefficient got reduced (P<0.05) with the addition of noil in the blend ratio. Thermal resistance progressively increased with increase in noil in blend ratio and the maximum smoothness was observed on maximum noil percentage. The sensation of coldness and warmth (qmax) was improved with addition of noil. It was concluded that 30 % comber noil can be added with fine and medium wool to get good thermal and smoothness properties of woollen blanket.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

028655   AWALIYAH R P, KHAIRUL U (Politeknik STTT Bandung, Indonesia, Email: kaum_81@yahoo.com) : Utilization of sericin on modification of cotton dyeing using acid dyes. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 260-6.

Silk fabrics are high quality commodities of woven (traditional and modern) fibers from silkworm cocoons. The research development has changed the paradigm of silk. Silkworm cocoons are no longer just used as fabrics; recently some studies have tried to develop their further usage using fibroin and sericin in many fields. Fibroin is a protein fiber (silk) while sericin is the adhesive. Sericin protein consists of 18 kinds of amino acids which mostly consist of a group of strong polar compounds such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino. Cotton fabrics will be slightly dyed with acid dyes because it cannot bind to the cotton and also because the negatively charged acid dyes will repel the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. It provoked a thought that sericin can be used as the agents to modify the cotton dye characteristics with acid dyes. In this research, the utilization of sericin in the textile fields is examined by trapping sericin with a polymer network using the pad-dry-cure method. Sericin on the cotton surface will be dyed by the acid dyes. This experiment was performed using several sericin concentration (0, 10, 20 and 30 g/L). Adherence of sericin on cotton fabrics has been successfully performed by trapping it with a melamine formaldehyde polymer network, which is further confirmed by the morphology test results with the presence of coarse particles on the fiber surface and the content of amides. Sericin finishing process on a cotton fabrics has succeeded to increase absorption of acid dyes with sericin at an optimum concentration of 30 g/L and it has a low value color fastness to washing.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

028657   GUPTA T B, LATAYE D H (Civil Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur - 440 010, Email: diliplataye@rediffmail.com) : Adsorption of indigo carmine and methylene blue dye: Taguchi's design of experiment to optimize removal efficiency. Sadhana 2018, 43(10), 170.

In the present study, Taguchi’s experimental methodology has been applied to find optimum level (value) of adsorption parameters (factors) for the removal of indigo carmine dye (ICD) and methylene blue dye (MBD) using activated carbon derived from Acacia nilotica sawdust (ACSA). The effect of significant adsorption parameters, viz. adsorbent dose (m), initial concentration (C₀), temperature (T) and contact time (t), on the adsorption capacity (q_t) of ACSA for each dye has been discussed. Average values and S/N ratio for each parameter at three different levels have been estimated using L₉ orthogonal array (OA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to identify the significant parameters and the most favourable optimal conditions for both raw data and S/N data. The study revealed that, for ICD, initial dye concentration is found to be the most significant parameter with 55.8 % contribution followed by ACSA dose, temperature and contact time with 35.7 %, 5% and 3.4 % contribution, respectively. For MBD, the ACSA dose (m) is found to be the most significant parameter with 46.4 % contribution followed by initial dye concentration, temperature and contact time with 44 %, 5.3 % and 4.4 % contribution, respectively. The contact time (t) is found to be the least significant parameter in the overall sorption process for both ICD and MBD. The optimized levels of parameters for both dyes are found to be A₁, B₃, C₃ and D₃. The predicted and average confirmatory values of total dye adsorbed (q_t) on ACSA at optimized levels were found to be 31.02 and 31.01 mg/g, respectively, for ICD and 57.35 and 57.36 mg/g, respectively, for MBD. The percentage removal of ICD and MBD at optimized levels was found to be 77.5 % and 95.4 %, respectively.

5 illus, 10 tables, 32 ref

028663   NGUYEN V N, NGUYEN Q M, THI H T D, HUANG S-C (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Kaohsiung Applied Sciences Univ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Email: shuang@cc.kuas.edu.tw) : Investigation on lap-joint friction stir welding between AA6351 alloys and DP800 steel sheets. Sadhana 2018, 43(10), 160.

With continuous growth and stringent demand for weight reduction in automotive structures, the automotive industry has shown an increasing interest in dissimilar aluminium–steel welding. Dissimilar lap joint between AA6351 alloys of 2 mm thickness and DP800 advanced high-strength dual-phase steel of 1 mm thickness has been attempted and joined successfully by friction stir welding with different combinations of parameters. The experimental results of this research work clearly indicate that joining of advanced highstrength steel and aluminium in lap-joint configuration is quite feasible with friction stir welding. Microstructural characterization has been performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An intermetallic compounds layer was found in the interface of steel and aluminium with thickness of less than 7 lm and it was identified as Al₂Fe and Al₃Fe by XRD method. Thermal cycle has been measured and correlated with the microstructure. Shear tensile test has been performed for determining the maximum failure load for different combinations of parameters. Finally, mechanical properties and microstructural observation are correlated with each other.

9 illus, 26 ref

028660   MEI F, CHEN P (Science and Technology Beijing Univ, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China, Email: fengmei@ustb.edu.cn) : VAR analysis of the factors influencing overcapacity in the iron and steel industry. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(10), 566-9.

This paper selects fixed asset investment, the growth rate of real estate construction area, steel export rate, the concentration of the iron and steel industry, iron ore prices and local government investment growth indexes in a vector auto-regression (VAR) analysis of the factors influencing Chinese iron and steel overcapacity. The paper concludes that the six indicators are important factors influencing excess capacity and provides relevant future policy suggestions.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

028659   MANOHARM V N S, RAO Y S R, SANDILYA N (Mechanical Engineering Dep, G V P College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh - 530 048, Email: srujanmanohar@gvpce.ac.in) : Material characterization on dissimilar weldments of Aisi 316l/317l austenitic stainless steels with Inconel 825 alloy. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(9), 533-6.

The micro structure and mechanical properties of AISI 316L/317L austenitic stainless steels with in conel 825 alloy were investigated in this work. Two types of filler materials 316L and ERNiCrMo-3 were used to obtain dissimilar weldments using TIG welding. The comparative evaluation initially studied on cutting parameters using unconventional machining process (hereby Water jet machining is considered for cutting process) and impact test is carried on all machined specimens. The impact test results for all specimens exhibits ductile fracture. A detailed micro structural observation was made on all dissimilar joints using SEM analysis. At last it was concluded that ERNiCrMo-3 filler material was the best choice for the joint AISI 317L austenitic stainless steel and Inconel 825 alloy.

4 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

028656   AZEEZ T O, ONUKWULI D O (Biomedical Technology Dep, Federal Technology Univ, P M B 1526, Owerri, Nrgeria, Email: taofikoladimeji@gmail.com) : Properties of white roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) fibers. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(9), 525-32.

The chemical composition, physical (aspect ratio, density and water absorption) and tensile properties are determinant factors of fibers quality, effectiveness and dictate its usefulness in composite applications. Fiber physical and tensile properties of white Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) fibers modified with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was aimed to be investigated for effective and quality use in polymer composite applications. The chemical compositions of white H. sabdariffa bast and fibers were analyzed using gravimetric method after retting extraction. Tensile properties, aspect ratio, density, water absorption behaviour using Peleg’s model and Power law expression, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with X-Ray energy dispersive microscope (EDS) analysis were determined and studied. NaOH and SLS treatments, respectively, improved the tensile strength and modulus of H. sabdariffa fibers by 282.31 and 182.07 %, and 49.38 and 2448.28 % with increased aspect ratio at reduced density and water absorption. SEM with EDS results corroborate the improvement in tensile properties. The water absorption of H. sabdariffa fibers exhibit less Fickian behaviour. Properties of white H. sabdariffa fibers modified with NaOH and SLS can be used in polymer composite applications.

3 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

028662   MEWADA M, PANDYA B, ALBERT S (Botany Dep, The Maharaja Sayajirao Baroda Univ, Vadodara - 390 002, Email: drsusyalbert@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of potential compatible co-partner for lignin degrader Irpex lacteus. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(10), 764-8.

Biological agents are important alternative to chemical agents in pulping and bleaching process of paper industry. Irpex lacteus, a white rot fungus with a great biotechnological potential, is currently considered the most important lignocellulose degrading organism because of its potential to degrade lignin and bio-remediate other lignin related pollutants. Experimental evidences of mixed cultures/co-cultures of fungal isolates suggest improved ligninolytic activity compared to monocultures. Here, we explored potential compatible fungal co-partner for Irpex lacteus to produce enhanced ligninolytic enzymes. Results of paired interaction test showed that among the eleven fungal isolates evaluated, I. lacteus was compatible with three species of Pleurotus, Phellinus and Daedaleopsis confragosa. The results suggest the above three fungal isolates to be potential fungal partner for I. lacteus in co-culturing for efficient lignin degradation and biobleaching in pulp and paper industries.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

028665   PRAKASH J, GADE M, PAUL B, DASGUPTA K (Mechanical Metallurgy Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai- 400 085, Email: jprakash@barc.gov.in) : A facile route for graded conversion of carbon fabric to silicon carbide fabric and its oxidation kinetics study in atmospheric high-temperature environment. Bull Mater Sci 2018, 41(4), 108.

Silicon carbide fabric converted from carbon fabric was prepared by a facile halide-activated pack cementation method. The XRD, SEM and EDS analyses confirm the formation of SiC fibres with graded conversion of carbon to SiC from surface to core of individual carbon fibres of carbon fabric. The graded conversion of carbon fibre to SiC was uniform and homogeneous throughout the fabric dimension. The thermokinetics of oxidation in atmospheric environment was studied by TGA analysis. The reaction kinetics and governing mechanism for oxidation of bare carbon fabric and silicon carbide fabric were calculated using Kissinger and Ozawa methods. It was observed that the activation energy for bare carbon fabric and silicon carbide fabric converted from carbon fabric are 62 and 174 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. Further, it was observed that the silicon carbide fabric converted from carbon fabric follows the second-order surface reaction oxidation mechanism.

4 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

028661   MESHRAM P, ABHILASH, PANDEY B D, MANKHAND T R, DEVECI H (CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, Email: pmeshram@gmail.com) : Extraction of metals from spent lithium ion batteries- Role of acid, reductant and process intensification in recycling. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(4), 368-75.

A comparison of various approaches evaluated to process spent lithium ion batteries to extract metals has been carried out. The leaching is carried out with sulphuric acid in the presence and absence of reductant, thus defining the role of reducing agent (NaHSO₃ and H₂O₂) in assisting dissolution of all metals, especially Co and Mn. As the direct process incurs all metals in solution and employs high concentration of acid, a two-step process (acid baking and leaching) has been attempted to lower acid consumption indicating benefits in the selective dissolution of metals viz., Co and Li (in 1^st stage) over other metals (Ni and Mn in 2^nd stage).

5 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

028658   JIAN Z (Southwest Univ of Science and Technology, Mianyang- 621 010, Email: zhoujian@swust.edu.cn) : Release of chrome in leather production with less chrome tannage and less chrome retannage. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(4), 361-7.

High chrome concentration in wastewater of traditional chrome tannage has attracted increasing attentions, and the distribution of chrome in wastewater in the processes of less chrome tanning and less chrome retanning has investigated. The results indicate that the residual chrome in chrome tanning and chrome retanning wastewater is still the main origin of chrome in effluent, but the decrease of chrome concentration in wastewater is found to be significant. It is interesting that the properties of leathers including shrinkage temperature and mechanical properties do not decrease sharply along with the decrease of chrome offer. This fact demonstrates that the chromes that effectively react with collagen have not been decreased although reducing the chrome offer. Therefore, the development of technologies of less chrome tannage and less chrome retannage that can reduce chrome offer might be an important direction in alleviation of chrome discharge in tannery.

6 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref

028664   PARMAR N D, SHUKLA S R (Fibres & Textile Processing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai- 400 019, Email: srshukla19@gmail.com) : Decolourization of dye wastewater by microbial methods- A review. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(4), 315-23.

Waste water originating from textile processing and dyestuff manufacturing industries contain varying amounts of dyes, metals/metalloids, salts and organic pollutants out of which dyes are the visible toxic contaminants. Presence of dyes in water bodies causes several problems including decreased photosynthesis and higher BOD and COD load, apart from their displeasing appearance. Dyestuffs are organic molecules, which may be toxic or mutagenic. In the last few years, environmental legislation about the presence of colour in discharges, coupled with the increasing cost of water for the industrial sector, has made the treatment and reuse of dyeing wastewaters increasingly important to the industry. A variety of approaches are available for treatment, out of which the biological treatment is the genuinely ecofriendly and cost effective method. The decolourization efficiencies of different biological methods are discussed in this review along with the detailed discussion on bacterial treatment and their relative merits and drawbacks.

2 illus,10 tables, 93 ref

026169   SIVASAKTHI E, ARORA C (Leather Design Dep, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi) : Developing a scientific approach towards design and manufacture of Indian men's work place casual footwear. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 203-8.

Due to the lack of Indian sizing surveys, footwear manufacturers are forced to use the size charts of other countries where the anthropometric make of the population is very different from that of India. This results in manufacturing of a product which might not fit the Indian feet types. A research proposal has been submitted wherein parameters of lasts of five styles of existing Indian men's work place casual footwear would be measured and compared against the appropriate Bureau of Indian Standards guidelines. Thereafter, identified anthropometric measurements of feet of Indian office going men would be measured, computed and based on analysis of the results, requirement of unique lasts for different ethnic groups in the population would be ascertained. Based on the parameters proposed through the report submitted to UNIDO, lasts for mode sizes would be constructed for five styles of Indian men's work place casual footwear and pairs of shoes would be constructed on the redesigned lasts and SATRA Footwear Comfort Index would be computed along with assessment of long term comfort using EMED pressure measuring insole checking for even pressure distribution at the plantar surface of the foot while walking on treadmill at a specified speed, using peak pressure, pressure - time integral and maximal area and other variables in data analysis, as well as SATRA dynamic shock absorption. Thus the core objective of the proposal is to improve the satisfaction of Indian men while wearing work place casual footwear. The findings would lead to a scientific approach towards design and manufacture of work place casual men's footwear in India, which in turn would contribute to better fit, comfort and consumer satisfaction.

1 illus, 25 ref

026168   ISLAM R M S (Leather Technology Dep, Bangladesh Coll of Leather Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : History of leather business and future perspective in Bangladesh. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 24-7.

The study aims at to known the history of leather business and future perspective in Bangladesh. The leather industrial sector of Bangladesh has been almost entirely supported by local raw material resources while 1.0 million live cattle are imported every year from neighbouring countries to meet our protein demand adding extra number of raw hides and skins. Bangladesh process 85,000 tons’ raw hides and skins per year. Among those 40 % are done during the Qaurbani time (75 days) at 450 tons’/day rate and rests are processed in 225 days at 230 tons’/day production rate. Value addition of leather and leather goods and footwear exports on averages 85 % local and 15 % foreign. About 40-100 tannery units among 206 are now in operation in the sector. To prosper in the future, our tanneries must remain at the forefront of technological development.

4 tables, 14 ref

024907   SHASHIDHAR A, ARZA S, DAS A, BHATTACHARYA S, SHIVAKUMAR S (Microbiology Dep, Jain Univ, Bangalore 560011, Email: sk.srividya@jainuniversity.ac.in) : Neutral avicelase from Serratia marcescens with denim biofinishing potential. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(2), 120-4.

Screening of 13 avicelase positive bacterial isolates obtained from soil and leaf litter proved isolate L4 to be a potent avicelase producer with highest zone of clearance (25 mm) and Enzymatic index of 1.8. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed its closeness to Serratia marcescens WW4 and was designated as Serratia marcescens L4. Maximum avicelase (8.2 IU) production by S. marcescens was supported at pH 7.0, 30°C with CMC (5 g/L). Avicelase production was repressed by sugars and showed non-dependence on metal ions. Among agrowastes, potato peel supported the highest activity (6.4 IU). The enzyme showed pH and temperature optima of 7.0 and 55°C and retained almost 72% activity at 55°C up to 2 h. Enzymatic biofinishing at pH 7.0, 55°C and 2 h incubation revealed some amount of weight loss, indigo dye and reducing sugar release from the denim fabric. Thus the neutral avicelase of S. marcescens may find application in denim biofinishing with reduced backstaining.

3 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

024906   ALAGARSAMY V A V, ANDIYAPPAN K, AVULIYA S A K, ABUBACKER T A (Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore- 641 046, Email: vishmikrish@gmail.com) : Retarding of preliminary chemical pollutants from dye industry effluents by metal nano particles, synthesized using flower extract of Catharanthus roseus. Orient J Chem 2018, 34(1), 381-93.

The present research discussed usage of 3 inorganic nano-substances in order to retard chemical pollutants from coloured effluents of dye industry and tanneries. These 3 inorganic Nano metal particles synthesized from MgSO₄, CuSO₄.5H₂O and FeSO₄.7H₂O with rose petals extract Catharanthus roseus. To assess the feasibility of using these nano particles as low-cost adsorbents for suppressing preliminary chemical pollutants in coloured effluents. Also compared and investigated the ability of these 3 nano materials due to using flower extract of Catharanthus roseus petals, in order to retard preliminary chemical pollutants quantity such as pH, Alkalinity, hardness, TDS, BOD, COD, Sulphide, Sulphate, Nitrate, Ca, Mg, Phosphate, Na and K. These synthesized 3 nano materials characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis, FT-IR Spectroscopic analysis and, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies.

9 illus, 7 tabels, 11 ref

024905   ABOLTAKHTY H, RASHIDI A, YAZDANSHENAS M E, SHAHIDI S (Textile, Science and Research Branch Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Iran, Email: rashidi50@yahoo.com) : Effect of nitrogen plasma treatment and direct dye on zeta potential of cotton fabric. Orient J Chem 2018, 34(1), 301-13.

In this paper, cotton fabrics were washed, bleached and then treated with low-temperature plasma of nitrogen then dyed with direct dyes. Some properties of the samples such as zeta potential, weight loss, crystal intensity, dyeability and washing fastness were investigated. The relative color strength and reflection properties of dyed samples were measured by using reflective spectrophotometry. The morphological changes of cotton samples after nitrogen plasma were studied by scanning electron microscope. Also chemical changes and zeta potential of samples have been investigated by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta sizer respectively. The results show that zeta potential of cotton fabrics influenced by plasma treatment and also dye, plasma treatment cause to improve color strength near 20%.

11 illus, 6 tables, 66 ref

024904   PARGAI D, JAHAN S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand, Email: pargai.deepti16@gmail.com) : Utilization of Citrus limetta peels waste to incorporate UV protective properties into cotton fabric : A sustainable approach for preventing UV induced skin problems. Environ Ecol 2018, 36(1), 75-9.

Various renowned organizations has warned about the harmful effect of UV radiation and advised to take precaution against these UV rays. Hence there is need to search out a preventive measure which can prevent these harmful effect of UV radiation from the Sun. Clothing which covers the most of the part of the skin can also act as a protective measure but not all clothing available in the market can provide protection form these UV rays. There is need to incorporate the UV protection properties in to the fabric. In the present study Citrus limetta were utilized to incorporate UV protection properties into the fabric. It was found in the present study that the extract of Citrus limetta peels can be utilized to incorporate UV protection properties in to the fabric and further helpful to prevent UV induced skin problems.

6 tables, 10 ref

024903   BHANDARI B, RANI A (Clothing and Textiles Dep, G.B.Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar- 263 145, Email: babita.bhandari55555@gmail.com) : Dyeing of protein fabrics exploring locally available weed plant. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 475-8.

In the present study weed plants i.e. Lantana camara, Solanum nigrum, Eupatorium adenophorum, Tridax procumbens, Parthenium histerophorus, Sida acuta, Ipomea cairica, Rumex nepalensis, Eclipta prostrate, Girardinia diversifolia, Erigeron bellidioides, Bidens pilosa and Athatoda vasica available in hilly as well as Tarai regions of Uttarakhand were collected, dried and powdered. The powdered dye materials were extracted in distilled water. Subsequently dyeing of wool and silk fabrics was carried out. It was found that various plants like E. adenophorum, R. nepalensis and B. pilosa gave acceptable colour on silk and wool fabric. Therefore some weed plants can be used for textile dyeing which will provide a scope for management of weed plants as well as safety of other useful indigenous plants.

2 tables, 21 ref

024902   MADAN S, SACHAN P, SINGH U (Environmental Sciences Dep, Gurukul Kangri Univ, Haridwar- 249 404, Email: n.madan79@yahoo.com) : A review on bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent ? An alternative to conventional remedial technologies. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 367-74.

At present, a large amount of water required for paper production and various chemicals has been identified in effluents, which is produced at different steps of paper making in paper mills. The pulp and paper industry is typically related to pollution difficulties related to high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin and chlorinated compounds. Several studies have been made on eliminate these difficulties of pulp and paper effluents, the problem still continues. Although the physical and chemical methods are on the track of treatment, they are not on par with biological treatment because of cost ineffectiveness and residual effects. The biological treatment is known to be effective in reducing the organic load and toxic effects of paper mill effluents. Some microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been involved in degrading the chemicals present in pulp and paper mill effluent. This article is an overview of the attempts made by several researchers worldwide to use biotechnological methods for degradation of the toxic compounds present in pulp and paper mill effluents by using fungi, bacteria, algae and enzymes. The current study clearly shows that application of native dominant bacterial and fungal isolates may be used for the treatment of large pulp and paper mills effluents.

3 tables, 64 ref

024901   BHANDARI B, SINGH S S J, ROSE N M (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar- 125 004, Email: babita.bhandari55555@gmail.com) : Effect of sericin treatment conditions on dye abilty of cotton fabric. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 102-6.

A study was conducted to observe the effect of sericin treatment on dye abilty of cotton fabric using natural dye. Different parameters for sericin treatment were optimized on the basis of maximum percent dye absorption and washing fastness. It was found that 0.5 % (w/v) sericin in the presence of 4% crosslinking agent and 1 % catalyst treated at 70ºC for 45 minutes followed by drying at 70ºC for 4 minutes and curing at 160ºC for 2 minutes increased affinity of selected natural dye i.e. manjistha towards cotton fabric. Dye uptake of sericin treated fabric increased from 19.5% to 31.7% after application of sericin using all the optimized variables.

2 illus, 12 tables, 22 ref

023888   KULKARNI N, PARWATE D (National Institute of Miners Health, JNARDDC Campus, Nagpur, Email: npk1978@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of advanced NAA and AAS techniques against conventional techniques for analysis of metals in bauxite ores. Analyt Chem Lett 2017, 7(4), 458-69.

Mining, as a whole has the potential to shape and affect economies directly and indirectly. India as a country is endowed with huge reserves of many minerals. The current study focuses on evaluation of the conventional analytical techniques used post mining of bauxite ore against the advanced Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) for analysis of its constituent metals. Detection levels of AAS showed the lowest levels of concentration for all metals when compared to wet chemical and NAA results. While this may be attributed to dilution errors associated with AAS, consistency was also observed to be lacking between the two technically superior methods viz. AAS and NAA. Though predictability could be established post statistical deliberations for NAA results of aluminium and titaniu) using corresponding regression equations of wet chemical analysis, the same was not observed to be desirable for iron quantification by NAA. This may in turn be due to minimal sample losses in wet chemical analysis and the total absence of the same in NAA technique which requires zero handling thus minimizing scope of human errors. 

14 tables, 26 ref

023887   DEVI S, PUNIA P, PRUTHI N, SISODIA N (Clothing and Textile Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture Univ, Hisar, Haryana, Email: saroj.308@gmail.com) : Transformation of Kantha traditional embroidery: As fabric painting. Indian J Tradit Know 2017, 16(4), 720-5.

Rising concern in traditional Indian embroideries for their time consuming techniques and out dated look and reaching the art of painting at its highest degree of excellence, demands for revival of traditional Indian embroideries. These require bringing them into contemporary look and developed through faster techniques. Fabric painting is an innovative, economical and time saving technique as compare to the embroidery. Present study was conducted for transforming Kantha traditional embroidery designs for fabric painting on jacket for its revival at Hisar, India. Fifteen motifs were explored from market survey, 3 designs were developed and selected from them and finally three placement-design combinations were selected for developing final products. Six jackets were developed, i.e., three with embroidery and three with painting. On the basis of experts' preferences for developed jackets on various parameters, fabric painting technique was most preferred technique on the basis of overall appearance was considered best. The study will serve guidelines for a new designer to develop articles of same look from traditional embroidery technique with less time consuming techniques. It will open a new vista for women entrepreneur to make low cost articles with great demand. It will also enhance aesthetic beauty of traditional Kantha embroidery.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

023886   BAINS S, KAUR R, SETHI M (Apparel and Textile Science Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Punjab, Email: sandeepct@pau.edu) : The plight of Indian women in agriculture. Agric update 2017, 12(3), 512-5.

The status of women in a society is assessed by the recognition given to their participation and contribution in various fields. When we assess the number of women in farming activities, we realize the impact of the crisis prevailing in the agriculture sector. The seminal role played by our women in the enterprise of agriculture and its related activities has never been documented. Most certainly, our agriculture would not have sustained thus far without the role played by our women in its domain. Women with lower literacy levels and financial income as compared to their male counterparts may be unable to read leaflets or purchase protective equipment, putting their health at risk. 

1 table, 4 ref

023220   Sharma B;Punia P;Khambra K (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: bhartisharma2019@gmail.com) : Enrichment techniques used for making fertilizer bags products. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 286-7.

Enrichment technique is used for enhancing the outlook of any product. Embroidery is one of the surface enrichment techniques. Embroidery is the embellishment or decoration done on fertilizer bags to increase the beauty of the products. Applique is a work laid or applied on another material. The technique is very common in some kinds of textiles, but may be applied to many materials. Applique is a technique used to decorate an aspect of a garment or product. The technique is accomplished either by hand or machine. In the present study, canvas embroidery and applique work were done on the fertilizer bags products. It was found that the enrichment techniques enhanced the outlook of fertilizer bags products.

11 ref

023219   Puspa;Singh V;Punia P (Textile & Apparel Designing Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: ptomer07@gmail.com) : Consumer perception of woven and embellished designs. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 288-90.

Weaving developed so far back in pre-history that almost every culture has attributed its invention to a god or goddess and some have elaborated mythological scenes. This may be because craftsmen living in the countryside were influenced by nature, festivals and ceremonies. The perception of the consumers regarding comparison of oven and embellished designs was studied by taking their opinion for - 403 - positive and negative statements. The responses were obtained as strongly agree, agree and somewhat agree scoring 3, 2 and 1, respectively, and for negative statements it as reverse. Majority of the respondents had low opinion about the statement that 'products do not match with the consumer requirements', 'no need to diversify the weaving techniques' and 'it is just wastage of time' scoring 1.60, 1.50 and 1.09, respectively. It can be concluded that the consumers had high opinion about the embellishment techniques as these helped in breaking the monotony of woven products and provided variation to existing techniques.

1 table, 7 ref

022246   Jadav K M;Gowda K N N (NO, , <35>304, 4th Cross, 4th Main, D-Group Layout, Srigandhadakaval, Vishwaneedam Post, Bangalore-560 091, Email: krishma.jadav@gmail.com) : Antibacterial and antioxoidant properties of silk fabric dyed with Cichorium intybus root extract. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(9), 299-304.

The present study was conducted to investigate the color strength (K/S), color fastness, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of silk using fabric Cichorium intybus root extract as a natural dye. Comparative results of color fastness (fastness to wash, rub, light and perspiration) and colorimetric properties (CIELab and K/S values) of dyed silk samples were studied to quantify the effect of mordants and mordanting method. Alum and Myrobalan were used as mordants. Three methods of mordanting techniques were used (pre, meta and post mordanting). The samples showed acceptable color strength and color fastness values. The antibacterial activity of the dyed samples with and without mordants was tested against common pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant property of the dyed fabric was analyzed by DPPH method. Cichorium intybus proved to be very effective in inhibiting microbial growth. The results of DPPH assay were positive for all the samples. The dyeing of silk fabric with Cichorium intybus root extract provided a multifunctional textile material with both antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

021279   Sasikala P;Thangamani P (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore) : Study on the effectiveness of bamboo blended fabrics on UV protection for maternity wear. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 54-6.

With the depletion of layer the earth become vulnerable for exposure of harmful UV radiations. The harmful UV rays reduce the effectiveness of folic acid supplementation by 20% with pregnant women. Hence, clothing with inherent property of UV protection is envisaged. In this paper, the UV protection characteristics of bamboo material blended with cotton, polyester and modal are investigated at three levels of fibre ratio. The test results showed that bamboo/modal blends are significantly better than bamboo/cotton and bamboo/polyester fabrics.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

019337   Tyagi I;Goel A (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar) : Review on natural fiber composites. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 54-6.

The mass production of glass fiber and other synthetic fiber reinforced petroleum based plastics has been causing many environmental problems. These include increase in the number of landfills required, depletion of petroleum reserves, and increase in the amount of CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere. Besides, the greatest problem of using such materials is how to conveniently dispose of them once they have come to the end of their useful life span. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the use of natural cellulosic fibres as the reinforcement for polymeric matrix and it was noted that, adding natural powder or fibre to plastics provides a cost reduction to the plastic industry and improves the physical and mechanical properties.

11 ref

019336   Tarafder N (NO, Hooghly Engineering and Technology College, Pipulpati, Hooghly) : Material characteristics of bullet proof vests as protective garments. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 10-15.

Bullet proof vest protects the wearer from most pistol and revolver bullets and from fragments of explosive devices such as grenades. One of the first commercially sold bullet proof armor was produced by a tailor in Dublin, Ireland in 1840. Light weight, soft and high performance Soft Armor Insert Panel (SAP) is the main ballistic system of bullet proof vests/jackets. By 1973, researchers at the Army's Arsenal responsible for the bullet proof vest design had developed a garment made of seven layers of Kevlar fabric for use in the battle fields. When carbon nano-tubes are made into yarns they provide flexibility, high electrical conductivity, durability / stability and absorb electromagnetic waves. In recent years, advances in material science have opened the door to the idea of a literal bullet proof vest, without the assistance of additional metal or ceramic plates. This review article illustrates the material characteristics of bullet proof vests as protective garments.

25 ref

019335   Senthilkumar P (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore) : Textiles in wound dressing - part 2. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 48-53.

During recent years there has been a growing demand for biological dressings, which could protect the wound in an individual phase of healing. An important and growing part of the textile industry is the medical and related healthcare and hygiene sector. The extent of the growth is due to constant improvements and innovations in both textile technology and medical procedures. In today's world there are various wound dressing with different types of chemicals. In the textile sector use of as much of the natural products as is possible is preferred. This paper reviews types of wounds, their characteristics, classification of wound dressings, wound healing mechanism, requirements of wound dressing, traditional wound dressings, textile materials used in wound dressing.

1 table, 8 ref

019334   Pargai D;Gahlot M;Jahan S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and technology, Pantnagar) : Value addition of nettle (girardinia diversifolia) fabric using cutch (acacia catechu) dye. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 20-4.

The main objective of the present study was the optimization of cutch dye (natural dye) on nettle fabric for enhancing UV protection properties of the fabric. Cutch dye was extracted at different pH and optimum pH was selected on the basis of colour strength (K/S) and visual evaluation. Further dyeing of nettle fabric was done at different concentrations of dye and optimum concentration of dye was selected. The K/S, colour fastness and UPF of dyed and mordanted nettle fabric samples were assessed. The highest UPF rating 130 (i.e. excellent protection category) was observed at 6% concentration of cutch dyed sample.

1 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

019333   Pant S;Juneja S (NO, , Clothing and Textiles, Faculty of Home Science, Banasthali Univ) : Performance of soya : Wool blended yarns. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 7-9.

Effect of blending soyabean fibre (S) with merino wool fiber (M) on properties of yarn has been reported. Soyabean and wool fibres were blended in three different ratios viz., S80/M20, S70/M30, and S50/M50. For each blend ratio yarns of 30Ne were prepared on ring spinning system. The yarns were tested for various properties. Blending of Soyabean fiber with wool fibre made the processing easier on ring spinning system. S80/M20 and S70/M30 yarns can be prepared with no severe impact on performance. The paper describes the performance of the blended yarns.

3 tables, 11 ref

019332   Murgod S B;Naik P Y;Mathiazhagan P;Naik S V (NO, Demonstration cum Technical Service Centre, Hindupur) : Impact of integrated skill development scheme (ISDS) by central silk board for silk sector. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 43-7.

Andhra Pradesh being in second place to contribute the silk production in the country has spread wide enough, its on-farm and non-farm silk activities over the last couple of years, especially during X Plan and XI Plan due to concerted efforts of Central Silk Board and Department of Sericulture, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. Given by the inadequacy of skilled persons, growth of industry, changing market needs, up-graded technology and to create job opportunities, Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Central Silk Board, Bangalore was assigned with the job of conducting ISDS Programmes. The highlight of the programmes is that 3 candidates emerged out as successful entrepreneurs, who established 3 nos. 10 basin multi-end silk reeling units employing around 30 families. The paper describes the training outcome.

3 illus, 7 tables, 2 ref

019331   Malik A (NO, High Performance Textiles Pvt. Ltd, Panipat) : Introduction to personal protective equipment: Part 1 - hand protection. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(2), 57-61.

Owing to the various risks of health and safety of both skilled and unskilled workers in any industry, the - 384 - selection of right set personal protective equipments is very important. A worker can have a serious head injuries or a small injury like a slash on hand while working with sharp objects. In either case, the absence of workers directly impacts the production. In order to protect them from injuries, various protective equipments are required from head to toe positions. If used correctly, these personal protective equipments protect workers from injuries to a greater extent. The paper gives an overview of personal protective equipment for hand protection.

4 tables, 8 ref

019330   Bhargava D;Chaturvedi P (Home Science Dep, Banasthali Univ, Rajasthan) : Discharge printing of khadi fabric with calcium bantonite clay and sodium hypochlorite. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(1), 16-19.

Discharge printing is one of the most versatile methods used for introducing design to textile fabrics. In discharge style of printing, the pattern is produced by the chemical destruction of the original dye in the printed areas of the fabric. Present study was under taken to optimize the printing of khadi fabric with calcium bantonite clay as thickening agent and sodium hypochlorite as discharging agent. Five variable of printing process viz. selection of clay, selection of discharging agent, amount of clay, ratio of sodium hypochlorite to calcium bantonite clay and drying time were optimized. It was also concluded that best discharge print on khadi fabric was obtained by calcium bantonite clay as thickener and sodium hypochlorite as discharging agent. It was concluded that optimum amount of clay was 2 g, optimum ratio of calcium bantonite clay to sodium hypochlorite was 1:2 and drying time was 30 minutes in order to obtain the best discharge print on khadi fabric. It was found that the discharge printed fabric with optimized conditions of printing process showed very good to excellent colorfastness properties against sunlight, pressing, rubbing, ironing and washing.

10 tables, 6 ref

017364   Ragheb A A;Tawfik S;Abd-El Thalouth J I; Mosaad M M (Textile Research Div, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Email: jackyibm@yahoo.com) : Development of printing natural fabrics with curcuma natural dye via nanotechnology. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(2), 611-20.

The present work is undertaken with a view to harness nanotechnology as one of the most important frontier sciences for development of printing natural fabrics using the most eco-friendly dyes, i.e. natural colors. Curcuma natural dye was studied to clarify the impact of nature of nano-size color particles on size, shape, and particle distribution of the natural dye with comparative studies of the K/S and over all fastness properties of printed samples on natural fabrics (wool, silk and cotton). Results showed that the K/S values of nano samples are higher than original samples, irrespective of the nature of the fabric used and /or the concentration of the coloring matter. Alum mordant incorporated with original curcuma can be omitted, and substituted by nano-curcuma without mordant. K/S values of the pre-mordanting acquired the higher values than the simultaneous mordanting irrespective of the fabric used, or dye particles size used, or curcuma concentrations on using tannic acid mordant. Color fastness to rubbing, and perspiration properties of nano dye is better than the original.

19 ref

016381   Xiang-fang R;Lei S;Zhe-bin X (Key Laboratory Eco-Textiles, Jiangnan Univ, Wuxi, China) : Research mode of intelligent and interactive wearable devices for children's safety. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 79-84.

Based on the distinct features of children's physical and psychological needs, and the principles of human-machine interaction, the current paper is aimed to propose a scientific and systematic model for the design of intelligent and interactive wearable device for children's safety. The current study collected and analyzed consumers' multi-dimensional needs towards children's intelligent wearable devices. The interactive methods as well as their different features have been studied between intelligent wearable devices and human body.

4 illus, 28 ref

016380   Senthilkumar P;Yeswanthkumar R (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College Technology, Coimbatore) : Simulation and analysis of textile based cricket chest pads using finite element method - part 1. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 85-88.

In today's world textile materials are used for a variety of purposes apart from the convention apparel purpose. One such application is the use of textile materials in sports field. It includes the usage of these materials as sportswear, sporting goods and equipment and also other accessories. In the play area, a player is bound to be subjected to injuries. This work deals with the innovation of providing protection to the players by developing an impact resistant sportswear. The necessity behind the development of an impact resistant wear is that to reduce the severity of the injuries when the player is subjected to a sudden and heavy impact by the sporting equipment or any other factors. Initially the silhouettes have been developed analyzing the movement of the cricket player (batsman) to enhance comfort and performance of the player. The process of identifying a suitable fibre combination is done by developing a simulation of cricket chest pad using AUTOCAD 15.0 and analyzing its performance with the help of ANSYS 15.0 workbench module. The analysis have been carried out with the help of twenty different combinations using six fibres namely aramid, polyester, polypropylene, polyurethane, coir and jute. It is found from the analysis that coir-polypropylene-aramid-polypropylene pad withstands high stress with low displacement and is observed from the simulation analysis that this fibre combination possess excellent - 362 - impact resistance.

4 illus, 3 ref

016379   Pan N C;Samanta K K;Ammayappan L;Khan A (Chemical and Biochemical Processing Div, ICAR-National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, Kolkata) : Aroma finishing of textiles. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 93-5.

At present to keep the personal as well as professional stress under control people frequently take part in exercise, yoga, leisure and spa. In this regard, textiles with aroma could ensure an energetic, fresh and mind-refreshing feel to its wearer. Indeed it can also control the growth of bacteria and restrict the production of foul smell in fabric. To fulfil such requirement textiles were finished with fragrance of natural lavender, jasmine, Champa, sandalwood and rose water by direct and microencapsulation methods. Microencapsulation process of application enhances durability of finish by making chemical bonds with textile. During the actual usage of such textiles microcapsules get busted either by pressure or friction and the fragrance molecules get diffused in air, making the local atmosphere fresh and pleasant. Typical kerosenic smell of jute batching oil in jute textile was suppressed by application of microencapsulated jasmine oil to make it consumers' acceptable. The β-cyclodextrin and UV curing resin were also explored to enhance the durability of imparted aroma finish. The paper reviews the different technologies.

10 ref

016378   Ovali S;Mistik S I;Kocak E D (Textile Engineering Dep, Marmara Univ, Istanbul, Turkey) : Effect of microwave and ultrasonic surface treatments on heat conductivity properties of Luffa cylindrica fibre reinforced polyethylene composites. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2016, 6(4), 475-8.

Developing new natural fibre reinforced composites is the focus of many researches in recent years. Natural fibre reinforced composites are made from renewable resources and they have less environmental effect in comparison to inorganic fibre reinforced composites. Among the natural fibres, luffa cylindrica fibres are widely available throughout the world. Luffa fibres are known to have - 361 - lignocellulosic fibre characteristics. In this study, luffa cylindrica fibres were treated with acetic acid by using conventional, ultrasonic and microwave methods, then thermoplastic composite structures were produced by using raw and treated luffa cylindrica fibres as reinforcement material. Finally heat conductivity properties of the luffa cylindrica fibre reinforced polyethylene composite structures were investigated.

4 illus, 1 table, 8 ref'

016377   Kanade P S (Textile Engg. Dep., The Maharaja Sayajirao Univ of Baroda, Vadodara) : Comparison of structural, mechanical and aesthetic properties of fabrics woven with plain and its derived weaves: part - 1. Man Made Text India 2017, 60(3), 89-92.

Apparel fabrics are available in lot of varieties that may arise due to color, changes in the fineness of constituent yarns and of course the weave. Plain weave is the most simplest of all weaves and endorses dense interlacement amongst the other weave types. Yet minor changes can result in altogether new weaves that are sometimes known as derivatives. As an outcome of these, changes in the mechanical and aesthetic properties may be observed in the resultant fabrics. This paper puts forward study conducted on fabrics with plain weave and its derivatives namely the mat/basket weave, warp and weft rib. The study revealed that compared to the plain weave its derivatives showed improved mechanical properties. The warp rib fabrics showed higher resistance to bending. The warp tensile strength was found well related to the pick density as was end density related to its abrasive strokes. Fabric cover showed good correlation with bursting strength and drape coefficient. The warp and weft cover factors are well related to their bending lengths while weft cover factor showed relation with its crease recovery angle. Rest of the fabrics showed very close results in terms of stiffness. Both warp and weft rib fabrics had lower drape coefficients with mat fabric showing the highest.

4 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

014480   Kathiresan G;Ragunathan S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam, Namakkal District-638 183, Email: kathirmechengg1980@gmail.com) : Impact of drivers for the implementation of green concept in small and medium sized (SMEs) leather industries of northern Tamil Nadu. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(3), 723-8.

Eco-friendly structure of supply chain concentrates on the accountability of an organization in valuing the entire ecological effects of yields through its complete life cycle, from the procurement of raw materials to the final utilization and products

7 tables, 20 ref

013399   SaravanaKumar T;Soumya P R;MinuManjari V; Aishvariya R E;Akalya N (Fashion Technology Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu) : Implementation of lean manufacturing tools in garment industry. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(3), 39-43.

For any Company's economy, the industry cost, production time, total quality management and waste reduction have great impact. The investments consumed by the company by eradicating non value added production work and time are very important. Focusing on thes

7 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

013398   Saraf S;Vaidya V K (NO, The Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032) : Application of response surface methodology for biosorption of reactive dyes from textile effluent using dead fungal biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus NCIM 997. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 13-24.

Response Surface Methodology was employed for studying the biosorption of reactive dyes from textile effluent by utilization of dead biomass of Rhizopus Arrhizus in a batch system. Central Composite Design at the specified combinations of four variables (pH, biosorbent dosage, speed of agitation, contact time) was adopted to achieve maximum biosorption. The fitted quadratic model (P<0.0001) was used to arrive at the best operating conditions. Under the following optimum conditions i.e., pH 2.0; biosorbent dosage 3 g/L; speed of agitation 80 rpm and contact time 60 min, 99.60% of the dyes were removed from the wastewater. The mechanism of biosorption was elucidated by FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. This work demonstrated the feasibility of employing Rhizopus Arrhizus as an effective and economical fungal biosorbent for the removal of dyes from the textile effluent.

5 illus, 5 tables, 67 ref

013397   Habib M A;Alshammari A G (Chemistry Dep, Science College, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ (IMSIU), P.O. 90950 (11623), Riyadh, KSA, Email: habib_11m@yahoo.com) : Recycling and utilization of waste deep frying oil in leather industry. Indian J chem Technol 2017, 24(2), 198-205.

The aim of this work is devoted to exploring recycling and application of the waste deep frying oil in the leather industry as a fatliquoring agent. Acid activated local bentonite clay (<126> 8N acid concentration) has been investigated in order to verify its impurities absorbent capacity in the deep frying oil bleaching. The activated sample achieved the ideal bleaching capacity (88.9%) at 3% bentonite dose (based on weight of oil).The bleached oil is sulfated at optimal conditions (15% - 420 - sulfuric acid based on the weight of oil, 30°C and 2 h stirring time). Sulfated oil is evaluated in order to verify their capacity to be used as a leather fatliquoring agent. The analytical data reveal that the desirable ratio of SO₃ (5.5%) that needed to running the sulfated oil in the fatliquoring process has been attained. The aqueous solution of 10% sulfated oil (fatliquor emulsion) show a high degree of stability against metallic ions and pH as well as great ability to penetrate the chrome tanned leather, adding mass to the leather. The mechanical properties enhancement, what are recommended to be in the fatliquored leather has been reached. The microscopic examination of the fatliquored leather surface and fiber bundles shows that the tiny fibers are actually coated with a thin film of fat-liquor.

4 illus, 8 tables, 38 ref