021467   Panigrahi S;Pradhan N;Pal A;Pal T (Dep of chemistry, Indian Inst of Technol, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: tpal@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Growing and full grown coinage metal nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of nitrocompounds in aqueous and micellar environments. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2005, 58(6), 971-9.

Reduction of different aromatic nitrocompounds is carried out successfully by NaBH₄ in presence of coinage metal nanoparticles in aqueous as well as micellar enviroments. The detailed kinetic profiles are studied in aqueous and three different micellar media (SDS, TX-100 and CTAB) using all the three coinage metal particles one at a time. The catalytic activity of the metals is found to be the maximum for Au particles (Au<62>Ag<62>Cu) in aqueous phase wherears it is reversed (Au<60>Ag<60>Cu) in TX-100 media. The reduction reactions were considered with full grown (FGME) and growing (GME) particles in presence and absence of oxygen. Different form of particles showed different kinetic paths. GME is always associated with some induction time with zero order kinetics for nitrocompound reduction but FGME shows altogether a different kinetics in different atmosphere. Induction time was found to be maximum for Au in both aqueous and micellar media. The kinetic profile of the reaction has been observed critically at different concentrations of the micelles to identify the location of metal particles in micelle and its subsequent bearing on the kinetics of the reaction.

6 illus, 18 ref

021466   Mitra A;Panda A K (Magnetism Grp, Natn Metall Lab, Jamshedpur, Email: amitra@nmlindia.org) : Development of nanocrystalline materials for soft-magnetic applications. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2005, 58(6), 981-9.

Structural and soft magnetic properties of Fe and FeCo-based nanocrystalline alloys have been investigated. These alloys were initially prepared in the form of amorphous ribbons with consistent properties by optimising different melt-spinning parameters. The structural behavior and soft magnetic properties depended on the alloy chemistry. The effect of metalloids in the Fe_73.5Nb₃Cu₁Si_22.5-XB_X (X=5, 9, 10, 11.25 and 19 at %) was studied. X-ray difractograms showed that formation of a Fe(Si) and /orFe₃Si nanoparticles were responsible for the superior soft magnetic properties of the alloy with 9 at % Boron. All other alloys (X=5,10,11.25 and 19 at %) exhibited early appearance of highly magnetocrystalline anisotropic boride phase leading to deterioration in soft magnetic properties. The role of extra alloying elements Al and Mn in the FeNbCuSiB system was also investigated. The alloy exhibited superior soft magnetic properties with a coercivity value of 0.32A/m (~4mOe) when heat-treated at 790K for 15 min. Transmission electron microscopy study showed that this was due to the formation of ~ 6.0nm sized a-Fe(Si,Al) and /or Fe₃ (Si, Al) nanoparticles. However this alloy has a limitation on its use for high temperature soft magnetic application due to its low Curie temperature in nanocrystalline state. Hence , a new Fe₄₀Co₄₀Cu_0.5Al₂Zr₉Si₄B_4.5 alloy system was developed in which the Curie temperature of 736K in amorphous state increased above 1000K on annealing to nanocrystaline state. The saturation magnetization of the annealed alloy was also found to increase due to the formation of nanocrystalline α-(Fe,Co)(Si,Al) phase with higher magnetization suggesting the suitability of the alloy for high temperature soft magnetic applications.emperature of 736K in amorphous state increased above 1000K on annealing to nanocrystalline state. The saturation magnetization of the annealed alloy was also found to increase due to the formation of nanocrystalline α-(Fe, Co)(Si, Al) phase with higher magnetization suggesting the suitability of the alloy for high temperature soft magnetic applications.

17 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

021465   Gupta V (NO, Dev Samaj Coll for Women, Ferozepur-152 001) : Hand tufted carpet industry of Panipat. J Text Ass 2006, 67(1), 35-6.

A survey of hand tufted carpet manufacturing units of Panipat was conducted. A sample of 40 carpet units was selected randomly. An interview schedule was formulated to collect the information regarding origin and development of industry, types of materials used, manufacturing process, annual production and problems faced by the industry. Pretesting was done on 10 per cent of sample size and reframing of schedule was done whereever necessary. Hand tufted carpets were manufctured in variety of colours and designs. Inspite of problems of shortage of power, finance and labour, carpet manuacturers were planning to increase their production capacity and to tap the international market.

4 tables, 3 ref

021464   Dey P K;Dutta;Gupta M;Pabi S K (Dep of Metall and Mater Engng, Indian Inst of Technol, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: e-mail: skpabi@metal.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Characteristics of mechanically alloyed nanostructured Ni-Al catalysts in H₂O₂ decomposition. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2005, 58(6), 1037-44.

Catalytic characteristics of mechanically alloyed nanostructured phases of Ni-Al system in H₂O₂ decomposition were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM, surface area measurement, and particle size analysis. The activity, activation energy, and the deactivation characteristics of each catalyst were studied for H₂O₂ decomposition at temperatures 20 - 40°C controlled to + 0.02°C. The chemical states of Ni and Al of the nanostructured catalysts were analyzed by XPS and correlated with the catalytic performances of these materials. The alloyed-Ni (i.e. Ni bonded to Al) content on the surface of the nanostructured NiAl phase generally decreased with the increase in Ni-content from 30 to 65 at. % Ni, whereas the surfaces of the Ni(Al) solid solution of Ni₉₀Al₁₀ composition or the Al₃Ni phase were relative depleted of alloyed-Ni content and enriched with aluminum oxide. The nanocrystalline non-equilibrium NiAl phase of Ni₃₀Al₇₀ composition showed the most pronounced catalytic activity, while the conventional microcrystalline alloy powder of the same chemical composition obtained through melting route was catalytically inactive. Deactivation of the catalysts was accompanied with the depletion of alloyed-Ni, formation of Al₂O₃ and metallic-Ni on the catalyst surface, which indicated that Ni bonded to Al were the effective species for the catalytic activity.

7 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

021463   Chokshi A H;Kottada R S (Dep of MetallurgyI, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012, Email: achokshi@met.iisc.ernet.in) : The deformation characteristics of nanocrystalline metals. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2005, 58(6), 939-50.

A reduction in the grain of metal offers a means for enhancing the strength by retarding dislocation activity, and at the same time enhancing ductility by processes involving grain boundaries. This overview critically examines various issues relating to strengthening and ductility in nanometals by considering both limitations to strengthening and processes contributing to weakening. It highlights the continuing interesting areas for further research.

ia9 illus, 75 ref

021462   Chattopadhyay K (Dep of Metal, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012, Email: kamanio@met.iisc.ernet.in) : Behaviour of embedded metals and alloys at small sizes. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2005, 58(6), 1057-67.

Nanomaterials represent a field of vigorous activity in recent time. Although not new to metallurgists, the current widespread interests do provide opportunities to look at the issues in a new light. Drawing from the recent research and experience of the present author and his group, the article provides some thoughts on the challenges and opportunities that exist for one class of nanomaterials, namely, nano embedded materials. The article highlights the basic issues, resolution of which is necessary for the future application of these materials.

12 illus, 33 ref

021461   Biswas S;Ram S (Mater Sci Cent, Indian Inst of Technol, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: sram@matsc.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Synthesis, microstructure and GMR properties of half-metallic CrO₂O-PVA nanocomposite films. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2005, 58(6), 1069-78.

New giant magnetoresistance (GMR) material of CrO₂-PVA nanocomposite has been developed in form of thin films by a hydrothermal casting of dispersed CrO₂ nanoparticles in a polymer matrix of poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). The virgin CrO₂ particles have an average crystallite size of 30 nm in a D¹⁴_4hP4₂/mnm tetragonal crystal structure of lattice parameters a = 0.4173 nm and c = 0.3156 nm. The polymer (insulator) encapsulates ferromagnetic CrO₂ nanoparticles with a thin insulting surface barrier layer such that the sample offers an enhanced MR value. A value of MR of 6.8 % ( at magnetic field of 1.1 kOe) lies at room temperature in a sample of 2.0 wt% CrO₂-PVA. Microstruture reveals a uniform distribution of CrO₂ particles through PVA molecules. A diamagnetic coating of polymer molecules of CrO₂ renders a spin-dependent tunneling between CrO₂ nanoparticles.

5 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

020433   Sanapapamma K J;Naik S D (Texts and Apparel Designing Dep, RHSc, USA, Dharwad, Karnataka) : Influence of cooking media on spinning performance of mulberry pierced cocoons and its effect on physical properties of spun silk. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(2), 74-6.

Four different types of cooking media viz., Plain water, soap - soda, Ezee detergent and oxyphon oil were selected for cooking mulberry pierced cocoons and the yarn was spun on CSTRI matorized twisting cum spinning machine. The physical properties of spun yarn viz., yarn count, twist per meter (TPM), tenacity and elongation were influenced when cooked in diferent media. Further, spun silk yarn was subjected for degumming process to know the extent of gum removed in soap + soda with boiling temperature for 45 minutes. It was observed that the cocoons were remarkably softened by cooking in soap + soda at a shorter period with a possibility of extracting greater length of silk. Moreover cocoons softened in soap + soda and Ezee detergent were spun to finer counts, higher turns per meter (TPM), greater tenacity with better elongation. On the other hand, maximum weight loss was noticed in plain water cooking. In conclusion it may be inferred that soap + soda and Ezee detergent media showed an overall balanced performance with respect to physical properties of silk.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

020432   Rohera P L (Fibr and Text Processing Technol Dep, Mumbai Univ Inst of Chem Technol, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Bio polymers. J Text Ass 2006, 66(5), 215-18.

Paper is aimed at discussing manufacturing, properties and applications of environment friendly polymers such as PLA, Soybean Protein fibre and Spider Silk.

1 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

020431   Parthiban M;Maruthamani D (Text Chem Dep, S.S.M. Coll of Engng, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of fabric softener on the thermal comfort of cotton and polyester fabrics. J Text Ass 2006, 66(5), 233-7.

The aim of the work is to examine the effect of fabric softener on the thermal comfort properties such as air pemeability, thermal insulation value and wickability of cotton and polyester fabrics after repeated laundering. An experimental design was developed to conduct the study. Three different parameters such as different fabric softener levels, different fabrics types and different laundering cycles were chosen and tested for the thermal comfort properties. The results were analzyed using ANOVA.

3 illus, 4 tbles, 7 ref

020430   Lukanova V;Veleva S (NO, Univ of Chem Technol and Metal, 8 "Kl. Ohridski", 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria) : Thermodynamic investigation of chroming of wool dyed with chrome-developed dye. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(2), 44-6.

An investigation on the equilibrium established in the process of chroming of dyed wool has been reported. The chrome-developed dye Tomanolovo black AFD is used. The dye-chrome complex formation is carried out with three concentrations of potassium bichromate in the absence of additives and in presence of sodium sulphate and the sodium salt of dodecyl benzenesulphonic acid (DDBS)> The results obtained show that the effect of surface inhomogeneity in DDBS presence is smaller favoring the process investigated. The lower value of the isosteric heat obtained in this case verifies that the process is facilitated from an energetic point of view as well.

4 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

020429   Kanakaraj P;Sakthivel J C (Text Technol Dep, PSG Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004) : Bobtex spinning technology. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(2), 70-3.

11 illus, 6 ref

020428   Itagi M R;Sreenivasa;Vijay Kumar H L;Nadiger G S (DCTSC CSTRI Govt Cocoon Mkt Bldg, , Dharmapuri-636 702) : Development of ERI silk blended fabrics and study of their properties. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(2), 47-50.

7 tables, 12 ref

020427   El-Sayed (NO, Natn Res Cent, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : Kinetics of transfer printed modified polyester/fibran fabrics. J Text Ass 2006, 66(5), 227-32.

Chemical modification of polyester/fibran fabric via acetylation with acetic anhydride and propionylation with propionic anhydride was performed for different intervals of reaction time prior to transfer printing. The rate of reacation for both modification reactions was determined. The colour strength results of the prints of the modified polyester/fibran samples revealed that, the major enhancement in the colour occurred with prints of those modified polyester/fibran samples selected at early stages of the modification reactions. The optimum reaction time (extent of modification) needed to give prints with higher colour strength results was selected.

6 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

020426   Desai A A (Text Technol Dep, Sarvajanik Coll of Engng & Technol, Surat, Gujrat) : Protective clothing - radiation protection. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(2), 55-8.

Protective clothing is necessary for protection against nuclear radiation, electro magnetic radiation with the progress in technology. Workers working in conditions where they are exposed to the same need to be protected. Article reviews the textile materials used as protective clothing for radiation hazards.

^iia13 ref

020425   Choudhuri P K;Das D (Modification in the properties of silk by chemical treatment, , ) : Modification in the properties of silk by chemical treatment. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(2), 51-4.

Silk, being a natural protein fibre is known for its elegant lusture, comfortness to wear, easy to dyes, eco-friendliness and bio-degradability. Still it lacks some properties like poor crease recovery, wet resiliency and some others. Considerable works have been carried out by researchers to improve those properties by cross-linking with some modifying agents, by graft co-polymerization and by some finishing treatments on Silk. Attempts have been made in the work to improve those properties by the formation of ester linkages inside the fibres. Application of EDTA in presence of Na₄P₂O₇ and Na₂HPO₄ as catalyst, following PAD-DRY-CURE method was found to be effective to improve the crease recovery and tensile properties.

4 tables, 9 ref

020424   Bhattacharya S S;Koranne M V;Malek U A;Dave N S (Text Engng Dep Fac of Technol and Engng, , The M S University of Baroda, Gujrat) : Radiation processing (Grafting) of vinyl monmers on polypropylene fibres. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(2), 59-69.

7 illus, 12 tables, 14 ref

019432   Srivastava S K;Bhor P K;Vishwanathan C S; Ashwini Kumar;Das S D (R&D Cent for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Secondary refining of steel : Current status at Bhilai Steel Plant. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 98-106.

In view of the ever increasing demand by the customers for improvement in steel quality, rapid advancements have been made in the area of secondary refining of steel during the last fifteen years or so. In this context, current status of secondary refining of steel of Bhilai Steel Plant of Steel Authority of India Ltd., covering the various facilities available, their oeprating parameters and performance indices, and developmental efforts made has been presented. It has been shown that in general the operating and performance indices achieved for various refining units are comparable to the international standards. Thus, Bhilai Steel Plant has been able to to acquire the capability to produce extremely stringent compositions with high level of steel cleanliness at enhanced level of production.

10 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

019431   Shukla R;Jha S K;Gupta D S;Singh U P;Roy B (R&D Cent for Iron & Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Effect of forced air cooling on rail properties. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 63-7.

Carbon-manganese 90 UTS rail steel has pearlitic microstructure. Strength and toughness properties of this steel are influenced by the growth rate of pearlite and its lamellar spacing. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory as well as at Bhilai Steel Plant to study the influence of forced air cooling on the properties of rail. The rails were cooled by blowers from about 900C to ambient temperature. Due to enhanced cooling, the inter lamellar spacing was found to decrease from 0.38m (for normal air cooled rails) to 0.27 m. There was a marginal improvement in the yield strength and UTS, but elongation and impact strength improved significantly (from 13.5% to 17.5%; and from 0.68 kg-m to 0.85 kg-m, respectively.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

019430   Sengupta P P;Rath S;Sinha G K;Kumar V;Krishna B (R&D Cent for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Optimisation of process parameters for increasing production of CRNO hot band steel in the hot strip mill, Rourkela Steel Plant. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 93-7.

Investigations were carried out at the Hot Strip Mill, Rourkela Steel Plant for identifying the necessary measures to be taken for increasing the mill productivity in respect of CRNO hot band steel. Reduction in C level in steel, processing through coil box and optimization of thermal and reduction regimes based on thermo-mechanical simulation studies were some of the important measures adopted, which led to approx. 17% increase in the mill productivity.

4 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

019429   Sarkar B;Saxena A;Jha B K;Dutta R (R&D Cent for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Development of high strength steel for fabrication of chests used in automated teller machines. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 74-9.

With a view to substituting the imports of high strength steel used for the manufacture of chests for Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), an attmept was made to design a vanadium microalloyed high strength steel that could be rolled in the rolling mill of Bhilai Steel Plant. Based on the rolling trials at the experimental rolling mill, rolling loads likely to be encountered during rolling at Bhilai Steel Plant were estimated. These were found to be well within the capacity of the plant rolling mill. A trial heat was made and successfully rolled at Bhilai Steel Plant. The product met all the specified requirements of ATM grade steel with respects to yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and total elongation.

12 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

019428   Ray S K (R&D Cent for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Steel cleanliness : Concept, influence on product quality and improvement measures. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 107-25.

Cleanliness of steel is a broad concept, and is used in different contexts. Its influence on surface quality of rolled product has been reviewed in the paper. Surface quality and therefore cleanliness of a steel have been found to be essentially releated to its product application. Cleanliness can be measured in respect of residual elements, as well as content and size of inclusions. The quality requirements for the steel grades meant for different applications have been looked into. Type and size of exogenous entrapments responsible for the generation of lamination or silver type of surface defects have been identified. These have been traced to the different stages of refining and casting proceses. Recent advances in secondary refining and continuous casting have facilitated dramatic improvement in steel cleanliness. The focus of the present endeavour is limited to developemnt of an improved undertaking of different facets of steel making which have a direct bearing on cleanliness. The extent of process variations which can be tolerated and the relevant theoretical background have been covered. An attempt has been made to correlate, wherever possible in quantitative terms, the different process parameters with the cleanliness factors.

13 illus, 1 table, 64 ref

019427   Ghosh N K (R&D Cent for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Formation of anisotropic carbon in coke and its influence on coke quality. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 87-92.

During carbonization of coal, anisotropic carbon forms in the coke matrix. Formation of anisotropic carbon is strongly influenced by the rank and reactive content of the coal used. Blendable and medium coking coals produce very small extent of anisotropic carbon, whereas most of the reacive contents of prime coking coals produce anisotropic carbon. An investigation was carried out using a wide range of coking coals. These coals were chracterized in terms of standard parameters of the proximate and petrographic analyses, and were carbonized in a pilot coke oven. Resultant cokes were analyuzed in details for their microtexture along with their reactivity and strength characteristics. Analsis of the data generated in this investigation showed that the extent of anisotropic carbon formation shows strong correlation with reflectance of the parent coal and it has significant influence on the strength and reactivity of coke. Based on this analysis, quantitative correlations can be developed for various coke quality parameters in terms of micro-textural analysis parameters and other factors such as coke ash and coking properties.

6 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

019426   Ghosh M;Pradhan N;Paul A;Mazumdar S (R&D Cent for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Effect of mold slag crystallization on mold heat transfer in continuous casting. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 80-6.

During initial stages of solidification in the mold of a Continuous Casting slab caster, the propensity of surface crack formation for crack sensitive (peritectic : 0.1% C) grades increases sharply beyond a certain level of heat transfer in the mold. In order to achieve a uniform and thin shell for minimising crack formation, heat flux is reduced and controlled by judicious selection of physical property, whcih has a significant effect on minimising and controlling heat transfer between the strand and the mold, is the crystallization characteristics of the mold slag. In order to study the effect of crystallization on mold heat transfer, a mold simulator was designed and fabricated in the laboratory to measure heat transfer through the mold flux layer. The heat flux data measured for various flux compositions were found to vary between 0.82 Mm^-2 to 2.33 MWm^-2. An analysis of the measured heat flux data showed that as the basicity of powder incrases, heat flux decreases sharply upto a basicity valueof 1.2. Beyond this, the heat flux does not change appreciably and remains more or less constant. Differential Thermal Analyser (DTA) study showed strong correlation between crystallization temperature and basicity of mold powders. Optical microscope and XRD techniques were used to determine the degree of crystallization of mold flux as well as the types of crystal formation.

7 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

019425   Datta R;Deva A;Jha B K (R&D Cent for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Development of API X-65 plates for line pipes. Steel India 2005, 28(2), 68-73.

Study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of rolling higher grades of API plates (X-65) using the plate mill facilities at Rourkela Steel PLant (RSP). The major limitations with the plate mill are lower load bearing capacity (3000 T) and absence of accelerated cooling facility after finish rolling. The alloy chemistry and hot deformation parameters were specially designated to suit the plate mill condition of RSP. One 60 ton heat was made and rolled under controlled conditions into 12, 16 and 20 mm thick plates. The mechanical properties of the plates were found to conform to API X-65 specification, irrespective of plate thickness.

3 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

018355   Vijayan Iyer G (LCR Coll of Engng and Technol, , 23/30, Mariaman Koil Street, Chennai-600 078) : Eco-friendly rubberized cotton fabric roller development for cotton roller gins. J Text Ass 2005, 65(6), 265-72.

Realizes the hazards of chromium contamination and pollution caused by the use of Chrome Composite Leather-Clad (CCLC) rollers commonly used in cotton roller ginning industries and attempts to eliminate the chromium contamination and pollution during the complete process. Most of the cotton ginning operations are performed by using double roller (DR) ginning machines which serve an important role in the cotton ginning industries. The rollers used in these industries are made of Chrome Composit; Leather-Cladding (CCLC) covering fixed to a shaft. The CCLC coverings contain about 18 000 to 36 000 mg/kg (ppm) as total chromium of trivalent and hexavalent forms which are toxic and carcinogenic to human health. When the seed-cotton is processed in DR ginning machines, the lint cotton in contaminated with chromium of about 140 to 1990 ppm as against the safety limits of 0.1 ppm. During the cotton ginning process due to persistent rubbing of leather over stationary knife the chromium particles are carried into lint cotton such that the spun yarns and cotton by-products contain about 100 to 200 ppm, which according to world environmental standards should not be more than 0.1 ppm. Gin and mill workers are directly exposed to this carcinogenic substance and are vulnerable to health hazards. To offset this problem, pollution-free rubberized cotton fabric (RCF) rollers bot the laboratory and commercial studies have been fabricated, experimented and used in roller gins. In this the roller covering is made of multiple layers of fabrics bonded togher using white rubber compounding which has a surface finish conductive to high ginning efficiency. This nullifles chromium contamination and pollution during the cotton ginning process.

7 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

018354   Vernekar S;Kanade P;Bhattacharya S;Mairal A (Text Engng Dep, M S Univ, Baroda, Gujarat) : Effect of scouring and dyeing on physical properties of the fabric. J Text Ass 2005, 66(4), 173-5.

After scouring there is change in the crimp and other properties, so physical properties of the fabric such as air permeability, tearing strength, bursting strength, elogation of the fabric changes. Also scourig and dyeing has effect on yarn properies which in turn affect fabric properties.

2 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

018353   Vasugi Raja N;Kala J (Family and Community Sci, Avinashilingam Deemed Univ, Coimbatore-43) : Dyeing of jute-cotton blends with grape skin waste. J Text Ass 2005, 66(3), 117-19.

Dyeing of cellulosic fabrics with natural dyes is considered as eco-friendly. Here a study of dyeing of jute-cotton blends is carried out using grape-skin waste, as it is abundantly available. The dye from the grape skin waste is extracted usig a soxhlet extractor, and distilled under vacuum to obtain the concentrated dye solution. Dyeing is then carried out by premordanting with various concentrations of mordants use. Simultaneous mordanting and post modrant also were carried out.

2 tables, 1 ref

018352   Tarafder N;Bose P;Sarkar S (NO, Govt. Coll of Engg. & Text Technol, Serampore, Hoogly-712 201) : Study of the properties of polyester-fabric property treated with sodium hydroxide and methanol - Part-II. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(11), 421-4.

1 table, 11 ref

018351   Sudha S;Giri Dev V R;Neelakandan R;Senthil Kumar M (Text Technol Dep, A.C. Coll of Technol Anna Univ, Chennai-25) : Chitosan - versatile polymer for textile applications. J Text Ass 2005, 66(4), 161-6.

Chitosan has now drawn a unique position in textile applications for its eco-friendly nature. With globalisation arrived at the doorsteps of our industry, it is the high time that we make our processes evironmental friendly. Most of the chemicals used in our processing house are toxic to humans and do not easily degrade in the environment. Chemicals that are safe and easily biodegradable are the need of hour. Chitoosan as wonder chemical can be used for various applications in the processing house.

2 tables, 13 ref

018350   Saravanan D (Text Technol Dep, Bannari Amman Inst of Technol, Sathyamangalam, Erode Dist) : Single stage preparatory process in textile wet processing. J Text Ass 2005, 65(6), 277-81.

Wet processing of the textile materials involves higher cost in each operation in the form of chemicals, energy required for heating the liquor and drying the fabric. These operations consume maximum energy utilized in the fabric manufacturing and wet processing of the textile materials. Attempts have, always, been made continuously to improve the efficiency of these processes and also to combine these processes to reduce the time consumed and so the energy consumption. Discusses the single stage preparatory process which combines the desizing, scouring and bleaching operations into a single stage that are carried out in individual unit operations otherwise.

1 table, 18 ref

018349   Saravanan D (NO, , ) : Liquid ammonia treatment. J Text Ass 2005, 66(3), 133-8.

Liquid ammonia treatment is one such treatment aimed at bringing various improvements in cotton fibres. In many respects, the treatment brings the changes similar to the mercerization treatment but wide diffences exists between these processes in the results obtained.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

018348   Saravanan D (Text Technol Dep, Bannari Amman Inst of Technol, Sathyamangalam, Eerode, Tamil Nadu) : X-ray diffraction of textile fibres. J Text Ass 2005, 66(4), 181-4, 175.

1 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

018347   Roy A N;Roy P (NO, Natn Inst of Res on Jute and All Fibre Technol ICAR, 12 Regent Part, Kolkata-700 040) : Physical properties of jute-viscose blended needle punched nonwoven Part II: Compressibility and bending stiffness. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(11), 435-9.

Needle punched nonwoven fabrics were made from jute-viscose blended fibre using various levels of blend, fabric, weight, punch density and depth of needle penetration. The level of variables and their combinations in the experimental plan was selected following a statistical experimental designing technique. Different needle punched nonwoven fabric properties e.g. compressibility (thickness loss and energy loss) and bending modulus were studied. The changes in fabric thickness loss and energy loss during thickness compression and recovery follows similar trend. The compressibility of fabric in terms of thickness loss or energy loss is initially reduced with the increase in fabric weight, punch density and depth of penetration and after attaining a minimum value starts increasing if the increase in those variables is continued further. The changes in jute/viscose blend proportion in needle punched nonwoven fabric do not have much effect on changes in fabric compressibility. Bending modulus of fabric increases with the increase in fabric weight whereas fabric bending modulus after attaining a maximum value starts declining with the increase in punch density and depth of needle penetration. Blending of viscose fibre with jute in needle punched nonwoven fabric reduces fabric bending modulus. The predicted response surface equations for various properties of jute/viscose blended needle punched nonwoven agree well with the experimental data as evident from high value of coefficients of multiple correlation.

5 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

018346   Rawat B;Grover E;Yadav S;Jahan S (Dep of Clothing and Texts, G.B.P.U.A&T., Pantnagar) : Color fastness properties of silk fabric dyed with Poinsettia Leaves. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(11), 418-20.

3 tables, 4 ref

018345   Rathinam A;Ravichandran G;Kaliyaperumal R; Azhagarasu D (NO, Weld Res Inst BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Fatigue crack growth retardation of carbon steel pipes by tensile overloading. J Text Ass 2005, 66(3), 24-8.

In spite of advances in fatigue studies, fatigue is still the most common cause of service failure of engineering structures. The application of tensile overload is found to result in accelerated crack advances but the subsequent cyclic loading is found to retard the crack growth rate. The mechanism is explained by the fact that several plastic zones are created near the crack tip due to the overloading. The plastically deformed zone which retards the crack from further propagation. In order to study the crack growth in specimens subjected to tensile overloading, experiments were conducted on INSTRON 8502 closed loop servo hydraulic testing machine. The crack growth rate was compared for no overload and overload conditions. The details of the experiments conducted and the results obtained has been discussed.

5 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

018344   Ramasami T (Cent Leath Res Inst, , ) : Environment friendly processing of leather and biotechnology for leather. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2005, 32(1), 1-6.

2 illus, 2 tables, 3 plates

018343   Parthiban M;Shanmugasundaram O L (NO, A.C. Coll of Technol, Anna University) : Eco-friendly textiles - a comprehensive overview. J Text Ass 2005, 66(3), 121-5.

^iia2 tables, 5 ref

018342   Nassar S H (Text Div, Natn Res Cent, Cairo, Egypt) : Glactomannan acetate in printing of proteinic fabrics with acid dyes. J Text Ass 2005, 66(4), 167-72.

Leucaena gum was isolated from Leucaena seeds and subjected to modification via acetylation under different conditions to obtain water soluble Leucaena acetate derivatives of different degrees of substitution (DS). It was found that, the acetyl content increases by increasing the amount of acetic anhydride. Pastes of these derivatives are characterized by non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour. At constant rate of shear, the apparent viscosity of the pastes increases by inceasing DS of the product. Furthermore the preapred leucaena acetate derivatives were evaluated as thickening agents in acid printing of proteinic fabrics with dyes. It is also observed that, the K/S values and overall fastness properties of the samples printed using leucaena acetate derivatives are nearly comparable with their corresponding samples printed using Meypro gum.

6 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

018341   Kulloli S D;Naik S (Texts and Apparel Designing Dep, Coll of Rur Sci UAS, Dharwad, Kaarnataka) : Effect of abrasion on weight and thickness loss of substrates. J Text Ass 2005, 66(3), 139-41.

Study was carried out to know the effect of abrasion on thickness loss (%) and loss in mass (%) on the naturally colour tinted cotton, white cotton and PC blended union fabrics.

4 tables, 4 ref

018340   Karolia A;Mendapara S (Clothing and Texts Dep Fac of Hom Sci, M.S. Univ of Baroda, Gujarat) : Application of antimicrobial and fragrance finish in combination by microencapsulation on cotton fabric. J Text Ass 2005, 66(4), 155-9.

An attempt to develop antimicrobial and fragrance finish in combination with β-CD was applied by two different application techniques and its effect on physical as well as performance properties was evaluated. This combination revealed that the fixed depot of β-CD can be used to provide protection to sensitive guest molecules and to impart host guest effect. Finished fabric possessed good bactericidal and fragrance depositing property with controlled release of fragrance. The finish was also durable to washing as well as perspiration.

9 tables, 7 ref

018339   Gupta V K;Nishkam A (NO, M.L.V. Text Inst, Bhilwara, Rajasthan) : Influence of washing detergents on finishing properties of cotton. J Text Ass 2005, 66(4), 177-80.

Study on the effect of three washing detergents Ariel, Surf and Nirmal in home washing on anti-creasing and drape properties of fabric through nitrogen content measurement is done.

18 illus, 8 ref

018338   De S K;Mitra A (NO, Assam Text Inst, G.N.B. Road, Guahati, Assam) : Comparative study of some mechanical properties of eri and cotton fabrics. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(11), 430-4.

Eri is cultivated silk. It is not reelable. It is used for the production of spun yarn only. Importance of eri can not be underestimated as a fine textile fibre. It has got certain excellent textile properties and is unique in many respects. Eri fibre can supplement high quality imported wool to a great extent for producing various kinds of woven and knitted products. In the study, attempts have been made to evaluate some mechanical properties as well as thermal insulation value of diffeent set of eri fabric and compared with cotton fabric in order to see how far eri is applicable as apparel. it has been found that tensile property, fabric assistance and T.I.V. value of eri fabric is better than cotton fabric. Weight loss during abrasion is lower in case of eri fabric. For open structured fabric, drapeability of eri fabric is found to be comparable with cotton fabric, but for fabric of higher construction, eri fabric becomes stiff.

10 tables, 4 ref

018337   Bhatia R;Phadke S (Clothing and Text Dep, The Maharaja Sayajirao Univ of Baroda, Gujarat) : Influence of drape properties on clothing styles. J Text Ass 2005, 65(6), 283-6.

Drape is a complex property. Different fabrics tend to drape differently for one given style and cut. The drape varies by the use of gathers, pleats, bias cut or just hung from the shoulder or the waist. This phenomenon can be understood better by studying drape as a textile property and further its influence on clothing styles.

1 illus, 12 ref

018336   Bains S;Kang S;Koshalpreet Kaur (Clothing and Texts Dep, Punjab Agric Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Dyeing of wool with peach (Prunus persica) dye using combination of mordants. J Text Ass 2005, 66(3), 127-31.

The colour fastness properties of peach leaves dyed on wool were studied using combination of mordants such as potash alum: potassium dichromate, potash alum : copper sulphate, potash alum: ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate in the ratio of 1:3. 1:1 and 3:1. The washing, rubbing, light and perspiration fastness of the dyed samples was also evaluated, giving fair to excellent fastness grades.

6 tables, 4 ref

018335   Arun A P;Karnan P;Jagdeeswaran S (Dep of Text, P.S.G. Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004) : Clean room clothing performance analysis. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(11), 425-9.

2 tables, 15 ref

018334   Amin A E;Geheni A S E;Hawary I A E (Text Dep, Alexandria Univ, Alexandria, Egypt) : Detecting the fault from spectrogram's by using genetic algorithm techniques. J Text Ass 2005, 65(6), 287-9.

Uses the genetic algorithm to extract the source of fault in spinning mills as an expert system.

3 illus, 2 ref

018333   al S K;Thakare V B;Singh G (Aerial Delivery Res and Dev Establ, Def Res and Dev organisation, Agra Cantt-282 001) : Review of degradation behavious of textiles for parachutes and inflatables. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(11), 407-17.

Parachutes, inflatables and other allied systems are exposed to various environmental conditions in which they are subjected to heat, moisture, sunlight and other environmental factors. This courses degradation in the essential properties of the textile materials, which are constituents of parachutes, inflatables and other allied systems. Summarizes the degradation studies done on a wide range of textile materials, namely, nylon, polyester, aramid, etc, with the emphasis on degradation during actual storage conditions, temperature, moisture, accelerated ageing using artificial light source and actual outdoor exposure at different locations across the world.

^iia3 illus, 18 tables, 50 ref

018332   Agarwal R;Meenakshi Sandhya (Fac of Hom Sci, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304 022) : Modifying the dyeability of cotton-polyester blended fabric for natural eye. J Text Ass 2005, 65(6), 273-6.

To modify the dyeability of polyestericotton blended fabric for natural dye, the blended fabric was first dyed with annatto dye to optimize the temperature and time of dyeing. The data then formed the basis for solvent pretreatment and glucose addition. It was found that 40% concentration of 1-4 dioxane at 80°C for 1 hours gave best results whereas maximum percent dye exhaustion and KIS value for glucose treatment was found to be at 0.03 mollit for 45 min. The fastness properties for washing, light and ironing also improve after solvent treatment and glucose addition.

3 tables, 6 ref

017349   Tarafder N;Roy A;Sarkar T (NO, Govt Coll of Engng and Text Technol, 12, William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712 201) : Study of sewability parameters of different shirting fabrics. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(12), 463-7.

2 tables, 16 ref