001171   JOHN M P (St Thomas Coll, Pathanamthitta, Kerala) : Effect of sub-maximal and maximal barbell weight training on selected physical parameters and squat performance of power lifters. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 137-9.

The reason of this study was to investigate the effect of sub-maximal and maximal barbell weight training on physical parameters and squat performance of power lifters. The revise was conducted on sixty boys who were studying in St Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta (Dist) Kerala, India. Their age ranged from 17 to 21 years. They were arbitrarily divided into three equal groups. Group I concentrated sub-maximal barbell weight training Group II undergo maximal weight training and Group III acted as control group. The duration of training programme restricted to twelve weeks. The data collected from the experimental groups were statistically examined using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).

2 tables, 9 ref

001157   ASHWIN R (Alagappa Univ, Ankola, Karnataka) : Construction of handball skill tests for women players of Karnataka. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 131-4.

Purpose of this study was to develop and standardize a rating scale and match performance of Handball Players with the help of rating scale. The study was also done to find out the skill performance of players with the help of standardized handball skill tests. The study mainly focused on the construction o construct a new skill test battery and to develop for women Handball players of Karnataka state. Initially eight test items were designed on the Handball fundamental skills. A pilot study was conducted on thirty women Handball players from Belagavi region aged ranged from 18 to 23 years It was also necessary to compare the skill and match performance (Rating scale) of handball players along with finding out the relation among skill performance with match performance.

4 tables, 8 ref

001187   RANI K U (Physical Education and Health Sciences Dep, Alagappa Univ, Sivagsanga, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of aerobic training and core strength training on physical fitness variables of cricket players. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 128-30.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of aerobic training and core strength training on physical fitness variables. To achieve these purpose thirty cricket players were selected from N.A. Matriculation Hr Sec School, naively. The subjects age range from 15 to 18 years. They were divided into three group’s experimental group I (Aerobic Training), experimental group II (core strength training), experimental group III was control group. The Training period was six weeks and three days per week. The control group was kept separate, No treatment was given to the group. The physical fitness variables Arm power and Muscular endurance were tested. The pre test and post test was taken before and after the treatment respectively. The ANACOVA was used to find out the significant difference between the groups. If the result was significant Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out the parried mean differences. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to find out the significant level. It was concluded that aerobic training and core strength training improve the physical fitness variables.

2 tables, 5 ref

001180   KUMARI H (Physical Education and Sports Dep, Research Scholar of Punjab Univ Chandigarh, Punjab) : Role of media in sports development. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 97-9.

Sports development is a step toward national development. Due to affecting personal and social life, sports has attracted the attention of people and government. Mass media is an important means of sports development, which influence realizing most of sports development objectives. One of the mass media with a growing audience is on-line news agencies. Investigating the situation of sports coverage in such media is one of the research needs for sports development programs and the amount by which sport materials could help sport development was the main question of this research. The way in which sports fills newspaper pages and television and radio schedules bears testimony to the influence it has on the structure and extent of media activity. In the present era, close interaction between the media and sport are indispensable. Both feed one another, sport needs publicity and mass approach to majority of the population, which media do, whereas media feeds on the sports news provided by the different activities of sport.

12 ref

001194   WALANKAR P, MOMIN M (Musculoskeletal Sciences Dep, MGM Coll of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra) : Comparison of static scapular position in cricketers and healthy individuals. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 91-3.

Cricket is a global non-contact sport which requires physical fitness, skill and strategy. Scapular control is a requisite for the mobility and stability of the shoulder complex and to optimize the performance of a cricketer. The aim of this study was to compare the static scapula position in cricketers and healthy agematched controls. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 130 participants. Of which, there were sixty-five male cricketers and sixty-five healthy age matched males in the age group of 18 to 25 years. Cricketers who are currently playing for more than 1 year without any upper extremity or spine pain or injury, history of any shoulder surgery or current illness were recruited. Scapula position was measured using Lateral scapular slide test in both cricketers and healthy individuals. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statistics version 16.0. The mean age of male cricketers and healthy males was 20.11 ± 3.88 and 23.05 ± 4.27 years respectively. The comparison of mean values of scapula position between male cricketers and healthy males evaluated using unpaired t test was statistically significant (p = 0.000) in all the three test positions of Lateral scapular slide test. It was noted that the mean value was higher in cricketers as compared to the normal subjects. Static scapula position was impaired in male cricketers as compared to healthy individuals. Scapular stabilization exercises should be incorporated in cricketers during the training phase to prevent any musculoskeletal injury.

2 tables, 25 ref

001163   GARCIA M G G, SUBIA G S (Nueva Ecija Univ of Science and Technology (NEUST), Philippines) : High school athletes: Their motivation, study habits, self-discipline and academic performance. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 86-90.

This study was conducted to describe the motivation, study habits, self-discipline and academic performance among 83 high school student-athletes of Palayan City District, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Results of the study show that as to motivation, the respondents were driven to prepare, train hard and make personal sacrifices to achieve excellence and to get in the winner's circle. However, they need improvement in identifying life skills and determining a career direction. In terms of the study habits, the athletes gave their best effort on exams and quizzes, participating in class activities and discussions and in submitting all academic requirements that they've missed right after the competition. Nonetheless, they need to improve on completing assignments on time and in working independently on assignments and other school projects. As to self-discipline, they strongly agreed that their participation in school athletics helps them develop better time management skills and they became prepared thoroughly, show discipline and stay focus with the plan. Nevertheless, they need to become more responsive to their academic works. Lastly, their academic performance was found to have a significant relationship with participation in school athletics. This means that the higher the academic performance, the higher was the participation of the respondent in school athletics.

4 tables, 16 ref

001193   VINAYAGAMOORTHI A, GOPINATH V, SIVAKUMAR S (Physical Education Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of specific skill training on with and without visual aids of college level male handball players. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 82-5.

The purpose of the study was to find out effect of specific skill training on with and without visual aids on selected skill performance variables of college level male Handball players. To achieve this purpose of study thirty-six players of college level Handball players was selected from Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Maruthi College of physical education, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University Faculty of General and Adapted Physical Education and Yoga and Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of arts and science, Periyanaicken Palayam Coimbatore was selected randomly as subject. The age group of the subject ranged between 17 to 25 years. The subject was divided in to three equal groups, namely experimental groups and control group. Experimental group I underwent with the help of visual aids training programme (VAT), Experimental group II underwent without the help of visual aids training programme (NVAT) and Experimental group III control group was not exposed to any specific training apart from their regular routine (COE). The selected criterion variable namely dribbling and Jump shot was assessed by Makas H. Lakde for a period of twelve weeks. All the subjects was tested on selected variables, before and after the treatment. The collected data from three groups prior to and after the 12 weeks training programme on selected criterion variable was statistically analysed by using dependent‘t’ test and analysis of covariance ANCOVA. The scheffe’s test was used as post-hoc to determine which of the paired means differed significantly where the difference in adjusted post-test means resided in univariate ANCOVA among three groups. It was found that there was a significant improvement and significant different exist due to the effect of specific skill training on with and without visual aids on selected skill performance variables of college level male Handball players.

2 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

001179   KUMAR V P, KALAISELVI M (Physical Education and Health Sciences Dep, Alagappa Univ, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of ladder training and combination of ladder training with plyometric training on selected skill performance variable of school basketball players. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 78-81.

To achieve the purpose of the study, the pre and post test random group design was used us experimental design. The subjects were randomly selected from Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Pudukkottai. Forty five girls basketball players were selected and the subjects were divided into three groups consist of 15 subjects. Group I underwent ladder training for 3 days per weeks for six weeks. Group-II underwent combination of ladder training with plyometric training for 3 days per weeks for six weeks. Group-III acted as control that did not participate in any special training programme apart from their regular activities as per their curriculum. The data were collected for all the groups on selected criterion variable such as dribbling by using the standardized test items. The age groups of the subjects were between 14 to 17 years. Each subject was oriented in the procedure to the administration of the test. The collected data from the three groups prior to and immediately after the training programme on the selected criterion variables were statistically analyzed with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever the ‘F’ ratio for adjusted post test means was found to be significant, Scheffe’s test was followed, as a post hoc test to determine which of the paired mean differences was significant. In all the cases 0.05 level of confidence was fixed as a level of confidence to test the hypotheses.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

001190   SINGH P, SINGH A (Physical Education Dep (T), Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar, Punjab) : Development of norms for selected physical fitness parameters of male football defenders. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 73-7.

Availability of norms for different selection parameters in sports with the view to maintain objectivity is very essential. In the Football context, much research have not been done in this regard. Hence, this study was aimed to develop norms for selected physical fitness parameters of Football Defenders. A sample of 30 Football Defenders was recruited purposively from the Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. Subjects were tested for selected physical fitness parameters viz. Muscular strength, Muscular power, Muscular endurance, Running agility, Running speed, Jumping ability, Throwing ability, Flexibility and Balance. Percentile scale was used in order to develop the norms. The scores were ordered in to five grades viz. very poor, poor, average, good and very good.

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

001160   DAS A, ADHIKARY H (Burdwan Univ, Burdwan, West Bengal) : Comparative effect of three types aerobic training on selected physiological variables of tribal boys. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 65-70.

The aim of this study was to find out the comparative effect of three types aerobic training on selected physiological variables of tribal boys. To achieve the purpose of the study 120 school male students were selected as subject at random from Machatora union high school and Lakshmisagar high school in Bankura district of West Bengal and age ranged of the subject is between 14 to 16years. The subject was divided into four group namely Control Group (A), Continuous Training Group (B), Fartlek Training Group (C) and Interval Training Group (D), underwent to Continuous running training for group B, underwent to Fartlek training for group C, underwent to Interval training for group D and group A act as a control group they did not participate in any of the training programme other than their regular activates. Physiological variable- cardio respiratory endurance and resting heart rate were selected for this study. The trainings were given for a period of twelve weeks. The data were collected before and after the training. The obtained data’s were analyzed by Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 levels. Tukey’s post hoc test was applied to determine the significant differences between the paired adjusted means. The result of the study showed that there was as significantly improvement was found in cardio respiratory endurance and resting heart rate among the experimental group when compared with control group.

2 illus, 4 tables, 42 ref

001183   PACHAIYAPPAN E, SELVAMUTHUKRISHNAN B (Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi) : Training on selected physical physiological and psychological variables of novice hockey players. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 62-4.

Yoga is a way of living with an aim of a healthy mind in a healthy body. In this view the investigators have made an effort to find out the effect of asana on psychological variables of Women College players of Hockey. It is a fact that apart from other factors, the performance of an individual in any game and sports is mainly dependent upon physical, physiological and psychological factors. Every sports person should be physically, physiologically and psychologically fit to carry out daily tasks. Physical fitness is the result of regular physical activity, proper diet and nutrition and proper rest for physical recovery within the parameters allowed by the genome.

13 ref

001170   JANVIER B E, ROGER M K P, MARTIN M J, NKAYA K, DIDIER P M J, CALVIN M B, SEDRIC B M B, FRANÇOIS M (Marien NGOUABI Univ, Brazzaville, Congo Republic of Congo) : Nutritional status of elite Congolese athletes practicing endurance races in competitive periods. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 33-6.

The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of Congolese athletes (middle distance and long distance) and to analyze its relationship with the poor performance achieved. 64 subjects (32 elite athletes constituting the experimental group and 32 walkers constituting the control group) were included in this study. The evaluation and analysis were carried out using a questionnaire validated and adapted by Cupisti et al and the 24-hour recall method. Our results show that subjects did not differentiate according to age. However, the size of the elite athletes was significantly high (1.69 ± 0.07 m vs. 1.66 ± 0.04 m, t = 2.05, p < 0.05) while their weight and BMI were significantly lower, respectively (57.28 ± 4.49 kg vs 63.13 ± 4.03 kg, t = -5.47, p < 0.000) and (22.49 ± 1.50 kg / m² vs 19.73 ± 1 49 kg / m², t = -7.37, p < 0.000). The nutritional status of endurance athletes was normal. However, despite this normality, Congolese endurance athletes have performances that are at the bottom of the ladder during national and international competitions.

4 tables, 26 ref

001172   KADAM A, PAGI S M, DHIKALE S P, PARDESHI S (Physical Education Dep, S.P.P. Univ in Pune, Pune, Maharashtra) : Effect of Suryanamaskar on minimum muscular fitness of sedentary life peoples of Aurangabad city. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 30-2.

The Purpose of this study was to keep fit or physical fitness a need of the days in human society. In this age lack of muscular fitness leads towards the various disorders in human body. The muscular fitness of sedentary people’s more over today’s medical sciences has also given graters importance towards the development of muscular fitness. Various reports also revealed that practice of Suryanamaskar result for improvement of muscular fitness. Hence it was therefore considered appropriate by research scholars to investigate the effects of Suryanamaskar on minimum muscular fitness of sedentary life peoples. The aim of this study was find out the “effect of Suryanamaskar on minimum muscular fitness of sedentary life peoples of Aurangabad city”. Whole population (N=100) of this study were tested and selected a total number of 60 male sedentary peoples from administrative employee in the age group of 30-50 years who had failed into three to six test items with the help of purposively method of sampling from Vivekanand college Samarth nagar Aurangabad. And the subjects were divided into two group by randomly method i.e, 30 experimental group and 30 control group. Sedentary peoples of the experimental group were given the 30 minutes Suryanamaskar, but the controlled group did not part in Suryanamaskar program. The duration of Suryanamaskar program was six weeks which was given six days in a week. Pre and post test conducted on the both the groups and data was analyzed by independent sample t-test. The results showed that the descriptive statistics gain of pre and posttests of subjects on Test 1 Abdominal and Psoas muscles, Test 2 Abdominal muscles without Psoas, Test 3 strength of Psoas and Lower Abdominal muscles, Test 4 strength of the Upper Back muscles, Test 5 strength of the Lower Back muscle and Test 6 strength of Back and Hamstring muscles as experimental group was (7.33 ± 5.2, 7.33 ± 5.8, 7.00 ± 5.3, 7.33 ± 4.4, 7.67 ± 5.0 and 8.33 ± 3.7) respectively and the descriptive statistics gain of pre and posttests control group was (1.33 ± 5.0, 1.67 ± 5.3, 1.33 ± 4.3, 1.33 ± 5.0, 0.33 ± 3.1 and 1.00 ± 3.0) respectively. The calculated ‘t’ value of subjects in Test 1 Abdominal and Psoas muscles, Test 2 Abdominal muscles without Psoas, Test 3 strength of Psoas and Lower Abdominal muscles, Test 4 strength of the Upper Back muscles, Test 5 strength of the Lower Back muscle and Test 6 strength of Back and Hamstring muscles was 4.52, 3.93, 4.50, 4.84, 7.34 and 8.25 respectively. To determine the effect of Suryanamaskar on minimum muscular fitness of sedentary peoples of Aurangabad city, independent sample t-test was used at 0.05 levels of significance in relation to pre and post-test of Kraus – Weber’s minimum muscular fitness tests. A significant level at 0.05 (p = 0.001) effect of Suryanamaskar was found to improve the minimum muscular fitness of sedentary peoples, and it was also concluded that the beneficial effect of Suryanamaskar can be applied to all sedentary peoples to improve the fitness, physical health and sports activities of the sedentary peoples.

1 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

001192   THANH N D, MINH T Q, THANH T P (Ho Chi Minh City Univ of Technology and Education, Hanoi, Vietnam) : Evaluating effectiveness of the elective karatedo curriculum for male students in Thu Dau Mot University, Vietnam. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 26-9.

This Research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the elective Karate-do curriculum, the reby enriching the extra curricular content, contributing to improving student's health and the quality of physical education in the University Thu Dau Mot University, Vietnam.

2 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

001158   AZARE A A (Physical and Health Education Dep, Aminu Saleh Coll of Education, Bauchi State, Nigeria) : Gender and age differences in BMI and school sedentarism of undergraduates, Bauchi State College, North-Eastern Nigeria. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 23-5.

The study was conducted to assess the Age and Gender differences in Body Mass Index of undergraduate male and female Health education students of Bauchi State College of Education, Nigeria and the challenges of school sedentarism. Subjects were 35 male and 35 female students purposefully sampled from a population of 195 undergraduate students. The participants were measured for height and weight by a Standard Instrument to calculate the BMI. T-test was used to find the gender difference, and One – way ANOVA and Post Hoc tested the age differences in the BMI of the subjects. A statistically significant Gender difference was found in the BMI with more females (Mean BMI: 25.35), having a higher BMI than their male counterparts (Mean BMI: 22.39). A significant difference was also found in the BMI of the Age groups 20 – 30 and 31 – 40. Based on the results, it was suspected that school sedentarism may likely contribute to the overweight of the students, although empirical evidence is needed to make generalizations.

4 tables, 10 ref

001185   PRAMOD R, DIVYA K (Alagappa Univ, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu) : The effects of ladder training on speed of Egyptian high school boys student’s in Qatar. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 19-22.

The purpose of study was to find out the influence of ladder training on speed among Egyptian school students. Thirty school boys were randomly selected subject from studying Ideal Indian School, DohaQatar. And their age ranged between 13 and 17 years. The selected subject were divided into two groups with fifteen (N=15) subject each. Group I underwent ladder training Group II served as control group. During the training period the experimental group undergone the respective training programme for 6 week and the training programme carried out for about one hour per day. The motor fitness variables speed was analyzed. The data collected from two groups before and after experimental training period and statistically examined using the analysis of ‘t’ test. The result of the study shows that 6 week of ladder training programme have significantly increased on speed.

3 tables, 11 ref

001184   PARDESHI S, BHAIP S S, ROKADE P N, SONAWANE A P (Physical Education Dep, Dr. BAMU Univ, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Correlation study of attitude towards and physical fitness knowledge of physical education teachers of Elementary School Pune City. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 15-8.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between attitudes toward and Physical fitness knowledge of health-related fitness among elementary physical education teachers. Teaching fitness at elementary levels is an important step toward the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, which are more difficult to prevent as we age. It is very important to teach physical fitness at elementary levels, and to instill positive attitudes in our younger students (Sander & Burton, 1989). It was descriptive survey method in which Teachers attitude towards physical activity and physical fitness questionnaire and physical fitness knowledge questionnaire used for the data collection. In this study 120 (90 male & 30 female) samples from elementary school physical education teachers were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Results shows according to gender wise there no significant correlation among attitude towards and physical fitness knowledge in elementary school physical education male teachers (p=0.49) & there no significant correlation in women (p=0.85). according to elementary school physical education teachers teaching experience wise 0 to5 years teaching experience attitude towards & physical fitness knowledge there no significant correlation (p=0.195), 6 to10 years teaching experience there no significant correlation (p=0.852) and above 11 years there no significant correlation (p=0.716). Conclusion of this study was there is no significant correlation among attitude towards & physical fitness knowledge of elementary school physical education teachers in Gender wise & Experience wise of Pune city.

4 tables, 10 ref

001182   MSE E, MWISUKHA A, MUGALA BULINDA H (Physical Education and Exercise Science Dep, Kenyatta Univ, Nairobi, Kenya) : Relationship between behavioural profiles and gender of elite middle and long distance Kenyan runners. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 10-4.

The purpose of this study was to assess behavioral profiles of middle and long-distance Kenyan elite athletes in relation to gender. The study adopted an exploratory research design. This study targeted 600 Kenyan elite runners participating in 800 meters to 10,000 meters. Using a stratified random sampling, 232 athletes (male n=177; female n= 55) participated the study. Demographic questionnaire and a validated DiSC^R Classic Behavioral Assessment Tool were study tools. One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. 76.3%) males and 23.7% females participated in the study. ANOVA established no statistical significant difference across gender on the four behavioral profiles of dominance (p=0.349), influence (=0. O75), steadiness (p=.480) and compliance (0.538). In conclusion, more males than female athletes participated in the study. The study suggested strategies to be put in place to motivate more females in middle and long distance running.

1 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

001188   SAHOTA K S (The Shree Ram School, Delhi- 110 057) : Sports coaching for success. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 07-9.

The case study describes a program that has been developed utilizing techniques and instructions to help athletes to make changes consciously and unconsciously. Techniques include, but are not limited to observation, sports hypnosis, NLP, experience of the transpersonal and regression work related with psychotherapy. They have been developed after much diligent research, and sessions done with toplevel athletes including Olympians, over the last 18 years by a Sports Hypnotist and Mental trainer. The basic idea for my due diligence on the program and research thereafter is to highlight the importance and initiate the inclusion of a sporting activity: being necessary for the healthy growth of an individual, as well as for society as a whole. Being sporty, means to be able to open your-self up with unlimited scope and go beyond the barriers of the norms of individual thinking. A sportsperson engenders society towards building it as a healthier community. I was given the task of working with the target age group of 14 years- 24 years of age: both boys and girls. My focused task was to understand the program content and apply my own critical thinking skills to witness the efficacy of the program. My interaction with the group, helped me build the questions, that would make the program participants much more responsive to use the tools therein. Since the age group is closer to my age than the therapist: my observation of the application of the program was critical to its success. I found it very interesting to notice how an athlete applies his mind to contemplate over his own skill set. I learned that most times knowing a skill and having the ability to work to meet it, means two different things. I found it difficult at first, yet once I interacted with eth group I found it was much simpler to work on constructing the questions pages. The response on the question pages, created the road map for the therapist to design the rest of the content: to understand the efficacy of the program content delivered so far, and to ensure that the tools were being absorbed and utilized by the participants.

1 table, 4 ref

001162   GANGADHAR P, PATIL BM (Shri. K.G. Nadgir Coll of Phy. Education, Dharwad, Karnataka) : Leg and shoulder strength comparison between handball and basketball players. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 04-6.

Leg and shoulder strength Comparison between Handball and Basketball players was the main objective of this study. Male subjects who have participated at Karnatak University intercollegiate tournament of Dharwad district for the year 2016-17 were considered in this study. With the simple random sampling method15 players from each game totally 30 Subjects were selected. Shoulder strength and leg strength were measured by pull-ups and standing broad jump respectively. Using statistical technique’s’ test for interpretation of data and statistical analysis. For testing the hypothesis level of significance was 0.05. Leg strength between the Handball and Basketball players there was no significant difference found. In shoulder strength between the Handball and Basketball players there was a significant difference.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

001177   KHAN B A (Mewar Univ, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan) : Comparative study of physical fitness variables between deaf/dumb and blind students. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019, 6(1), 01-3.

The purpose of the study was to find out the Study of Physical Fitness Between Deaf/dumb and blind Students of Chittorgarh Rajasthan. For the present study the source of subjects were selected from the deaf/dumb and blind school of Chittorgarh Rajasthan. Sixty (60) students were selected as the subjects from deaf/dumb and blind schools of Chittorgarh Rajasthan. Out of sixty subjects 30 students were selected from deaf/dumb and 30 from blind schools of Chittorgarh Rajasthan. The subjects were selected by using simple random sampling method. In this study comparison of two physical variables i.e. strength and flexibility were taken into consideration from both deaf/dumb and blind students of Chittorgarh Rajasthan. For the present study data pertaining to various physical variables were be collected through the administration of various tests. The data for the study is to be collected and statistical analysis and interpretation of data were be done by using statistical technique ‘t’ test because only two groups are considered one group from deaf/dumb population from various deaf/dumb schools of Chittorgarh Rajasthan and other group from blind section of the various schools of Chittorgarh Rajasthan.

2 tables, 9 ref

001167   GUPTA R K, KUMARI R, SINGH P, LANGER B (G Medicine Dep, Govt. Medical Coll, Jammu- 180 001) : Domestic violence: a community based cross sectional study among rural married females in North West India. JK Sci 2019, 21(1), 35-41.

Violence against women a social evil in the society despite a lot of talk of women empowerment. Assessment of burden in terms of prevalence will go a long way in planning the services for those affected by domestic violence. To find the prevalence of domestic violence and associated risk factors among married females in a rural area of Jammu. This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among rural married females using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Data was analysed using simple proportions, chi-square test and logistic regression. 171/301 (56.6 %) of the respondents reported some form of the domestic violence. Psychological, physical and sexual violence rates were found to be 32.16 %, 9.9 % and 2.33 % respectively. A statistically significant association was found with variables like literacy, type of family, family income, sex of children etc. Relatively high levels of domestic violence in this rural setting calls for a multidisciplinary approach involving improvement of literacy levels among females, creating awareness about legal aid and screening the victims at primary health centres to mitigate this problem.

1 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

001159   CISSÉ H, MUANDZE-NZAMBE J U, SOMDA N S, SAWADOGO A, DRABO S M, TAPSOBA F, ZONGO C, TRAORÉ Y, SAVADOGO A (Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Univ, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Email: alysavadogo@gmail.com) : Assessment of safety and quality of fermented milk of camels, cows, and goats sold and consumed in five localities of Burkina Faso. Vet World 2019, 12(2), 295-304.

Fermented milk is food produced and consumed all over the world and plays an important role in human nutrition. This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality and mineral composition of fermented milk consumed in Burkina Faso. A total of 114 samples of fermented milk from camels, goats, and cows were purchased in the market in five localities in Burkina Faso; Bobo Dioulasso, Djibo, Dori, Gorom-Gorom, and Sebba. Microbiological and physical parameters were monitored using standards methods. Microbiological analysis of fermented milks showed high average values of 7.60±1.50×10⁹ colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/ml), 5.72±3.60×10⁷ CFU/ml, 5.53±2.00×10⁵ CFU/ml, 1.97±0.18×10³ CFU/ml, 1.98±0.25×10³ CFU/ ml, and 0.10±0.09×10³ CFU/ml for total microbial flora, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and thermotolerant coliforms, respectively. None of the samples were contaminated by Salmonella or Shigella. The average values of pH, acidity, dry matter, ash, fats, proteins, and total carbohydrates content of samples were ranged, respectively: 3.830-4.137, 1.888-2.822 %, 8.271-13.004 %, 0.199-0.476 %, 1.210-3.863 %, 2.125-3.764 %, and 3.080- 5.428 % (w/w). Na/K and Ca/Mg ratio ranged from 0.104 to 0.909 and from 3.392 to 16.996, respectively. Total microbial flora, yeasts and molds, total coliforms, fats, calcium, potassium, iron, and zinc were significantly different. This research contributed in the evaluation of the hygienic and nutritional qualities of local fermented milk. Results obtained in this study confirm the need to set up the training program on the sanitary condition to traditional maker’s to ensure the good fermented milk with high organoleptic and nutritional qualities.

5 illus, 5 tables, 42 ref

001181   LAHRECHE T, UÇAR Y, KOSKER A R, HAMDI T-M, OZOGUL F (High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria, Email: talal_lahreche@yahoo.fr) : Combined impacts of oregano extract and vacuum packaging on the quality changes of frigate tuna muscles stored at 3±1°C. Vet World 2019, 12(1), 155-64.

The combined effects of oregano extract with vacuum packing (VP) on the quality enhancement of dark and white muscles of frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) stored as intact fillet at refrigerated (3 ± 1° C) conditions were studied. About 35 kg of fish were filleted without skin removal and randomly divided into two groups. One group without treatment (control) and the remaining group were dipped in a sterilized oregano extract solution for 5 min. Chemical, microbiological, sensorial, and textural analyses were carried out in each of dark and white muscles of frigate tuna fillets during storage. Several quality indexes were higher in dark muscle than white muscle. The sensory assessment indicated that both muscles from control had a shelf life of 12 days. Quality parameters of both muscles had the same tendency and were significantly affected by time and also by the presence of plant extract in VP. Although VP alone was sufficient to delay lipid oxidation on fish fillets, especially on dark muscle but cannot enhance the textural deterioration in both muscles. Consequently, the employment of such combination had a cumulative effect on preservation, resulting in prolonging the shelf life of both frigate tuna muscles.

2 illus, 5 tables, 43 ref

027345   KUMAR S, SOHU V S, GUPTA S K, SINGH R P, BAINS N S (ICAR – Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal – 132 001 (Haryana), Email: kumarsatish227@gmail.com) : Understanding the chapatti making attributes of the Indian wheats - II: The rheological basis. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 723 - 40.

The concept of good chapati varies from individual to individual and depends mainly on the rheological properties of the dough used to prepare the chapaties. The research project was largely built around two type of plant meterials, the tall traditional cultivars of the pre-dwarfing era, and three backcross recombinant populations (BC₁F₅ generation) C 273/PBW 343//PBW 343 (70 lines), C 306/PBW 534//PBW 534 (70 lines) and C 518/ PBW 343//PBW 343 (80 lines). Association of traits studied with chapati score in set of cultivars and genetic stocks Starch pasting characteristics showed mild negative correlation with chapati quality, which is again contrasting, to the requirements of bread making. The correlations were not consistent over years possibly due to environmental factor (temperature, rainfall, fertilizer and irrigations etc.) and due to change in the constitution of the set. Similarly mixographic traits showed negative association chapati making quality. The correlations which prevail in the populations carry much greater weight as these have persisted over several rounds of recombination and are likely to reflect under lying causes of superior chapati quality. As various components of chapati quality would be disassembled, the relative levels of correlations for individual traits would be uncovered. Among the starch pasting characteristics, final viscosity and setback were consistently negatively associated with the chapati making quality. In case of the mixographic traits, mixing tolerance index is negatively associated whereas rate of dough development has consistent positive correlation with chapati quality.

14 tables, 19 ref

027344   BISHT D (Family Resource Management Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana -141 004 (Punjab), Email: deepshelly@gmail.com) : Participation of special group people in household and personal care activities and problems faced by them. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 667- 71.

The present study was performed to examine the participation of female wheelchair users in household and personal care activities, problems faced by them and to seek suggestions from them to improve their work environment.The study was conducted in Punjab state and the sample was selected from different districts of Punjab by using snowball and purposive sampling technique. Only those female wheelchair users were selected for the study who were involved in performing household work. Case studies on 10 female wheelchair users were done to gather relevant information from the respondents and their work participation profile was observed for three consecutive days. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to gather the relevant data from the respondents. Results revealed that despite their physical limitations, respondents were involved in some of the activities in their homes. Difficulties experienced by respondents while performing household and personal care activities included poor eye sight, slow speed, early onset of fatigue and less light in the work area.

5 tables, 12 ref

027343   YADAV S, GABA G (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar (Haryana), Email: saroj16.yadav@gmail.com) : Awareness of farm workers regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 540 - 3.

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses of cotton crop and maintain high product quality. Because of high biological activity, and in some cases, long persistence in the environment, pesticides (pyrethroids, carbamate, oganophosphate, organochlorines) may cause harmful effects to human health and to the environment. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses. Farmers who perform spray activity are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides (Monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, pyrethroids and carbamates), than the other farm workers such as pesticide loader, evaluator. The dermal and inhalation routes of entry are typically the most common routes of farmers’ exposure to pesticides. Farmers’ exposure to pesticides can be reduced through less use of pesticides and use of the appropriate protective clothing and equipments in all stages of pesticide handling. The present study was conductedon 270 respondents from all nine blocks of Hisar district of Haryana state to create awareness amongst them regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application. An educational package in the form of Video CD and Leaflet was used. Pamphlets were distributed; lecture-cum-demonstrations and film shows were organized. Protective clothing and accessories were also exhibited for better impact. It was recorded that respondents succeeded in acquiring awareness at post exposure level, through print and electronic media for each message viz. breathing problems (23.3 %), eyes related problems (100 %), skin allergy (43.3 %), headache (60.3 %), fainting due to inhalation of pesticide (64.33 %) and stomach related problems (23.56 %).

1 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

003702   SOWMYA ASL, MANJUVANI E (HDFS Dep, SPMVV, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Usage of electronic gadgets among preschool children. Int J Home Sci 2019, 5(2), 1-5.

In recent years, electronic gadgets are playing a vital role in the lives of children. This research paper presents the availability and ownership of electronic gadgets among preschool children and their usage during working days and holidays. The sample of this study comprised of 200 preschool children (3 to 6 years) randomly selected from twin cities of Hyderabad, Telangana district. An interview schedule was used to obtain the data. The findings revealed that nearly one fourth (23.5 %) of preschool children are having their own tablet/IPads and 10 % are owned game consoles. Results have shown that usage of electronic gadgets is high in 20 % of preschool children during working day whereas it is almost doubled (39 %) during holiday. Boys are spending more time with gadgets as compared to girls. The findings also revealed that three fourth (75 %) of parents set time whereas one fourth (25 %) of the parents do not regulate timings of children spending time with electronic gadgets.

9 tables, 11 ref

027346   AMBAWAT S, KHETARPAUL N (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, Email: sumanambawat03@yahoo.com) : Comparative assessment of antioxidant, nutritional and functional properties of soybean and its by-product okara. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 112-8.

Soybean is considered as functional food due to various bioactive components present in it. In the present study, antioxidants, nutrient composition and functional properties of okara (soybean milk residue) were compared to soybean. The study revealed that okara possessed good antioxidant activity, i.e., total phenolic content (122.57 mg gallic acid/100 g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (41.46 %). It also contained considerable concentrations of protein (24.79 g/100 g) and fat (10.52 g/100 g), although less than those of soybean. The total dietary fibre content of okara (58.21 g/100 g) was more than double the dietary fibre of soybean (24.75 g/100 g). Insoluble dietary fibre (46.64 g/100 g) was the major fraction in okara and remaining was the soluble dietary fibre. Okara had significantly lower phytic acid content (843.33 mg phytic acid per 100g) and higher in vitro protein digestibility (68.26 %) than soybean. Among minerals, total calcium (346.93 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (480.17 mg/100 g) were significantly higher in okara, while, potassium, iron and zinc contents were also in remarkable amounts. The availability of minerals was maximum in okara. In addition, okara had significantly higher water absorption (9.47 ml/g)and swelling (9.33 ml/g) capacity, whereas, lower oil absorption capacity (0.26 ml/g) and bulk density (0.21 g/ml) as compared to soybean. Thus, okara is a valuable by-product and can be considered as a potential source of value addition for food industry due to its promising antioxidants, nutritional and functional properties.

3 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

029906   VERMA T, PRASAD R, GUPTA A (Food Nutrition and Public Health Dep, Ethelind Coll of Home Science, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Polyherbal formulation of antioxidant and fiber enriched product 'Nutri Masala Candy'. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 187-91.

Traditionally life threatening diseases have been deals with herbal medicines which are taken as food not as medicine or drug such products include Chyawanprash, Pachan Goliyan, Hamraaj Churna etc. Nutri masala candy is relishing treat to stimulate the normal salivary action vital for the effective digestive function. Organoleptic evaluation of “Nutri masala candy” in relation to sensory attributes which indicates that T₂ (Amla + Apple pulp + Orange peel powder + flax seed powder in the ratio of 75:15:4:6) had the highest score showed that the overall acceptability was highest in T₂ (8.7) followed by T₁ (8.03), T₀ (7.9) and T₃ (7.2) respectively and there was a significant difference, (p < 0.05) between the control and the treatment. The chemical composition of the best product (T₂) increased with the incorporation of prepared mix powder the moisture content in Nutri masala candy was found in 0.21 percent, Ash content was found to be 3.7 g/100 g, Protein and fat content is 4.8 g/100 g and 1.07 g/100 g, Fiber in the product found to be 6.2 g/100 g, carbohydrate 90.22 g/100 gm, energy content is 386.98. Vitamin C content in product is 10.65 mg/100 gm, Polyphenol was found to be 1175 mg/100g and DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be 279 percent. The cost of the Nutri masala candy T₀ (control) Rs. 31.57, Rs. 28.89 for T₁, Rs. 29.08 for T₂ and Rs. 29.27 for T₃. Nutri masala candy should be recommended for all age groups as it is helps to improve digestive function and proper growth.

1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

029902   ALI A I, VERMA A, PAUL V (Food Nutrition and Public Health Dep, Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Assessment of prevailing supplementary and weaning practices in the selected area of Allahabad. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 180-6.

An appropriate diet is critical in the growth and development of children especially in the first two years of life. Malnutrition during the first two years of life results in an irreversible impairment in attaining full potential of physical growth, brain development, and health status of children. The rate of malnutrition is very high in infants and young children from six months of age onwards, when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet a child's nutritional needs, foods other than breast milk are introduced gradually into the baby's diet, first to complement breast feeding and progressively to replace it and get the child used to adult diet. This study aimed to find out the different supplementary weaning practices adopted and find out the nutritional status of the infants aged (6 months – 2 years) in selected areas of Allahabad Uttar Pradesh, India. It was a cross-sectional study. Using a purposive random sampling technique, 60 children of 6-24 months were recruited. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical software package. Anthropometric measurements were performed by standard methods (NCHS and Gomez classification). Timely introduction of complementary feeds was commenced in 30 % of the children. More than half (65 %) of the children were weaned abruptly and 76.7 % of the children were bottle fed. The distribution of children by different ranges of MUAC showed that 10 children were found to be normal (14.5 cm) and 18 (13.5-14.5 cm), 20 (12.5-13.5 cm), and 12 (12.5 cm) children were found to be in mild, moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively. For 16.11 % of children height for age Z-score was between -0.99 and 0.99 SD of the NCHS median indicating that they were normal. The prevalence for severe stunting (<-3 SD) was about 6.39 % and for moderate stunting (-2.99 to -2.00 SD) 46.94 %. The growth performance (underweight) of the children measured by using the indicator weight for age (W/A Z score) showed that 9.58 % of the children were severely underweight (-3 SD), 33.75 % mildly underweight (-1.00 to -1.99 SD of the NCHS median) and 15.14 % normal. The distribution of children weight for height (Z-score) according to age group showed that 43.47 % (- 2.99 to -2.00 SD) were moderately malnourished, and 28.61 % (-1.99 to -1.00 SD) were mildly malnourished. The prevalence of malnutrition (growth retardation) by using different anthropometric indicators showed that more than half of the proportion of children (51.39 %) were found to malnourished (underweight) using W/A as indicator. Amongst all the subjects, prevalence of wasting and stunting was 35.56 % and 13.06 % respectively. The aim of our study was to assess the prevailing supplementary and weaning practices in the Selected Area of Allahabad. Adequate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are essential to ensure optimal survival, health, growth, development and overall nutritional status of children. The respect of WHO recommendations on complementary and weaning practices was less than optimal. It is important to develop interventions aimed at bridging the gap between these practices and WHO recommendations. In the present study, initiation of complementary feeding at the recommended time of six months was not appropriate in the majority of children. Also, the quantity of complementary feeding was insufficient. Therefore, the benefits of timely introduction of complementary feeds and proper weaning practices should be continually reiterated for women attending ANC with follow-up in the post-natal period through counseling. There is an urgent need to lay more emphasis on the need for improving the dietary quality of weaning foods and the inclusion of all food groups' namely, dairy products, legumes and nuts, flesh foods, eggs, vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, cereals and tubers, and other fruits and vegetables. Creating an awareness of the advantages of appropriate time of introduction of complementary foods will further strengthen and support the common practice in communities and avoid an early introduction to complementary foods for socio-cultural reasons. Socioeconomic status of the family has a greater impact on the nutritional status of the children. Despite the fact that appropriate intervention and rehabilitation program can eradicate the problem of child malnutrition, nutritional knowledge and proper health measures can play a significant role in the entire scenario of nutrition. It is hoped that the results of this study will help in the proper understanding of complementary and weaning practices in communities of Allahabad district, India and the world at large.

8 tables, 35 ref

031151   KHAN I, PARVIN N (Anthropology Dep, R.G. Government P.G. Coll, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, Email: khanirshad0790@gmail.com) : Nutritional assessment based on mid upper arm circumference of the hill korwas under five year children in Sarguja district, Chhattisgarh, India. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2018, 8(4), 220-6.

Mid Upper Arm Circumference is used as an indicator for assessing acute undernutrition among children below five years of age. WHO child growth standards (2007) have given age related Z-Score for both boys and girls for MUAC for identification of undernutrition among children below five years. The objective of nutritional status based on mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) among under five-year Hill Korwa children. Therefore, a study was carried out from December-2015 to 2016 in three Lundra, Batauli and Sitapur blocks of Sarguja district Chhattisgarh. A total of 1000 children for MUAC have been made on 580 boys and 420 girls’ children below 6 years of age living in Sarguja district of Chhattisgarh in this cross-linked study. MUAC was measured using fibreglass tape sensitive to the nearest mm using standard technique. MUAC z-scores (MUAC-Z) were computed using WHO child growth standards and nutritional status was assessed. It was observed that 45.20 % of the children (age-combined) were malnourished. The WHO (2007) recommended age and sex independent cut-off points for MUAC (mm) under estimated the prevalence of undernutrition was 47.6 % among children in the study. This clearly indicated that MUAC-for-age using WHO Child Growth Standards would help in identifying the burden of acute undernutrition among Hill Korwa children.

1 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

031154   THAKRE G, BARSE A (Jiwaji Univ Gwalior, Madhya Pardesh) : Development of herbal jelly (with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and rose petals). J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 30-2.

Jelly is a semi solid product. It is prepared by boiling, straining a clear solution of pectin-containing fruit extract, free from pulp is obtained, after the addition of sugar and acid, a jelly is obtained ensure that the TSS (Total soluble of solid) of jelly should be in range of 65-68 %. There are different types of jelly already available in market. Apple, lemon, orange and guava jelly are available in market. But, they use synthetic colours. This innovation has been done by using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petals and rose petals. In this jelly we are not using synthetic colour. This jelly is healthier than conventional jelly. This product has high nutrional value. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis contains high amount of vitamin C and antioxidant. Rose also contain high amount of antioxidant and vitamin E. Many trials were formulated from T₁-T₈, among these 8 trials T₅, T6, &T₇ have more acceptability than other. Trials were performed for this innovation. In T₅ trial 50:50 (hibiscus: rose), T6 trial 75:25(hibiscus: rose) & T₇ trial 60:40 (hibiscus: rose) juice extracts were used. T₇ trial was the best trial out of all and thus was selected.

2 tables, 9 ref

031150   KESSY R F, OCHIENG J, AFARI-SEFA V, CHAGOMOKA T, NENGUWO N (World Vegetable Center, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania, Email: justus.ochieng@worldveg.org) : Solar-dried traditional African vegetables in rural Tanzania: Awareness, perceptions, and factors affecting purchase decisions. Econ Bot 2018, 72(4), 367–79.

This paper analyzes rural households’ awareness, perceptions, and factors influencing decisions to purchase solar-dried traditional African vegetables (TAVs). Solar-dried vegetables have higher nutritive value, good appearance, good taste, and better hygiene than open sun–dried vegetables. A simple random sampling was used to obtain 244 rural households in Dodoma and Singida regions of Tanzania. Descriptive statistics were used to measure awareness and perception of solar-dried TAVs while logit regression was employed to estimate factors influencing households’ decision to purchase solar-dried vegetables. The study findings indicate that about 36 % of rural households are aware of solar-dried TAVs and know their nutritional and health benefits. Most households purchase and consume the open sun–dried types due to lack of knowledge of the benefits of solar dried vegetables. The decision to purchase solar-dried vegetables is influenced by sex of household head, income level, previous experience in consuming sun-dried vegetables, and knowledge of the nutritional and health benefits of the solar-dried vegetables in diets. Thus, awareness creation and promotion of solar drying of TAVs is suggested as an effective way to continuously access nutritious vegetables, particularly in regions faced with frequent droughts.

5 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

031148   BHUYAN D, DAS A, LASKAR S K, BORA D P, TAMULI S, HAZARIKA M (Livestock Products Technology Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Guwahati - 781 022, Email: drankur1978@gmail.com) : Effect of different smoking methods on the quality of pork sausages. Vet World 2018, 11(12), 1712-9.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory attributes of pork sausages treated with conventional smoking (CS) and liquid smoke (LS). Pork sausages were prepared by employing CS (T1) and by addition of LS at 3 % (T_2A), 5 % (T_2B), and 7 % (T_2C) while smoking was not done in control (C) sausages. The ready-to-eat pork sausages were evaluated in terms of proximate composition, emulsion stability (ES), cooking loss (CL), pH, water activity (a_w), texture profile analysis (TPA), and shear force on the day of preparation and the shelf life of the sausages was evaluated on the basis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, organoleptic qualities, total viable plate count, total psychrophilic count, and yeast and mold counts at 5-day interval up to 15 days under refrigerated storage (6 ± 1 °C). The mean percentage moisture and percentage ether extract contents of the conventionally smoked sausages (T₁) exhibited significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) with the rest of the formulations. However, in terms of mean percentage crude protein and percentage total solids, no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was recorded between the treatment groups. The mean ES (ml of oil/100 g emulsion) of the different sausage emulsions ranged from 1.88 to 3.20, while the mean a_w values among the sausage formulations were found to be non-significant. In terms of mean percentage, CL and pH values, significantly lowest (p ≤ 0.01) values were recorded by the T₁ sausages. The mean TBARS values recorded at different periods of time in respect of all the treatment groups ranged from 0.10 to 0.33 mg malanoldehyde [MDA]/kg of sausages which are well within the permissible limit. The highest shear force values (KgF) were recorded by the sausages of T₁ formulation (p ≤ 0.01), while TPA of the sausages did not record any significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) among the treatments. Organoleptic studies revealed acceptability of the sausages up to 10 days of refrigerated storage irrespective of treatments employed; however, the sausages of T₁ formulation scored significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher panel ratings. Microbiologically, sausages with different formulations were found to be within the acceptable limit up to the 15^th day of refrigerated storage. The study revealed that traditional hot smoking has slightly higher edges over the LS-treated sausages in terms of lipid oxidation, microbiological safety, and sensory panel ratings. However, if not superior, the same was found to be well within the acceptable limit in case of LS-treated sausages proving the potentiality of the use of LS as a suitable replacement for the traditional hazardous hot smoking process.

1 illus, 7 tables, 39 ref

031153   LALITHA R V M S, HYMAVATHI T V, DEVI K U, ROBERT T P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad) : In-vitro digestibility of protein, starch and in-vitro availability of minerals (iron and zinc) in whole and dehulled nutri-cereal based multigrain extruded snacks. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(6), 186-8.

The extrudates were prepared from the multigrain flour mixture either whole grain flour (WGF) or dehulled grain flour (DGF) comprising of 15 % of sweet potato flour, 30 % cereal and pulse flour (Bengal gram+ defatted soya bean flour + rice in equal proportion) and 55 % of nutri-cereal flour (Pearl millet+ Foxtail millet + Ragi in equal proportion). The in vitro-digestibility of protein (IVPD) (70.90 %), in-vitro availability of Iron (57.85 %) and Zinc (38.35 %) were higher in DGE than in WGE, while in-vitro digestibility of starch (IVSD) was higher in WGE (36.88). Due to these characteristics, whole grain extrudates can be a potential snack for the health-conscious population suffering from lifestyle diseases and dehulled grain-based extrudates for supplementary nutrition programmes.

1 illus, 13 ref

031149   DAS A, SANYAL M K, DEBNATH A, GANGULY S (Dairy Technology Div, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana) : Development of spiced and smoked sausage from buffalo skim milk. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(6), 121-5.

Sausages are immensely popular food products which are basically emulsified and formed products, typically made from ground meat (generally beef or pork), and optionally added with spices, herbs, salt and may or may not be smoked. Development of a sausage like product from milk would, therefore, provide a scope for product diversification and also help to bring about expansion of market potential for dairy products. The present research work was, therefore, conducted to develop a sausage like emulsified and formed product from buffalo skimmed milk chhana added with spices and salt, and finally smoked in a chamber. Spices used to develop desirable sensorial characteristics in buffalo skimmed milk sausage included coriander, cumin seeds, red chili, black pepper, clove, turmeric, cinnamon. This may utilize the surplus milk solids available in the country to prepare a protein-rich meat sausage analogue. In an effective manner which is likely to cater to the need of fat-conscious consumers. The level of ingredients and processing parameters such as level of milk fat in the skimmed milk, level of spice mix and salt and smoking time for making buffalo skimmed milk sausage were optimized on the basis of sensory evaluation of the product. Buffalo milk containing 0.5 % fat, spice mix and salt at the rate of 1.25 and 1 %, respectively of the weight of chhana and smoking of the mixture of chhana, spice mix and salt for 15 min in a hot smoke chamber were selected for the development of spiced and smoked skimmed buffalo milk sausage with desirable sensorial attributes.

10 tables, 11 ref

031152   KUMAR R (Amity Univ, Uttar Pradesh) : Studies on process standardization and storage behaviour of Ready to Serve (RTS) beverage prepared from aonla cultivars. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(6), 74-7.

Aonla fruits are highly nutritious and having good medicinal value but aonla fruits are not consumed freely in fresh form because of its astringent taste. Therefore, various cultivars of aonla were screened for their suitability into Ready to serve (RTS) beverage preparation, which may become a popular drink in comparison with modern synthetic beverages. Accordingly eight aonla cultivars viz - Banarasi, Chakaiya, Kanchan, Krishna, NA – 6, NA – 7, NA – 8, NA – 9 were evaluated. Fruits segments and water ratio of 1:1 was found ideal for pulp extraction. RTS of composition 10 per cent aonla pulp, 12 per cent Total soluble solids (TSS) and 0.2 per cent acidity were found ideal. During the storage in RTS Vitamin ‘C’ (ascorbic acid) content decreased while Total soluble solids increased. In RTS Acidity increased towards the end of storage whereas Browning increased continuously during storage. But organoleptic score of the RTS reduced gradually during storage and acceptable quality of RTS were maintained up to four months. Thus fruits of Chakaiya cultivar was found most suitable for making quality RTS.

3 tables, 20 ref

031147   AHMED N, SIDDIQUI S, GEHLOT R, ARORA S (Food Science and Technology Centre, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Haryana) : Effect of phyto-protein enrichment on organoleptic evaluation of mango RTS beverages. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(6), 36-9.

The investigation was conducted to develop the protein fortified mango RTS. Various proportions of soya protein isolate (SPI), peanut protein isolates (PPI) and rice bran protein concentrate (RBPC) were added to the mango pulp to fortify mango RTS. It was observed that there was progressive decrease in the sensory scores of the beverage with increase in proportion of protein concentrate in it. The overall acceptability scores w.r.t. control were lower for protein fortified RTS, however, the RTS fortified with protein from different sources were not showing significant difference among themselves. Throughout the storage period, the RTS prepared with fructose scored more in flavor, taste, mouth feel and overall acceptability scores than prepared from sucrose. The organoleptic scores of all the variants of protein fortified RTS remained acceptable at room temperature upto 90 days of storage.

5 tables, 11 ref

029903   CHAUDHARY P, VERMA R (Food Science Dep, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Univ, Palampur – 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, Email: preetichoudhary0070@gmail.com) : Nutritional evaluation of organically and conventionally grown Kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Acephala). Appl Biol Res 2018, 20(3), 250-5.

In present study various physicochemical constituents of organically and conventionally grown kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala) were studied. The proximate constituents were determined by standard methods. The results revealed that dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, ash and total carbohydrate content in organically and conventionally grown kale were 12.15, 3.54, 0.68, 2.11 and 6.09 and 10.60, 2.66, 0.53, 1.63 and 5.78 %, respectively. The total sugars, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid contents in organically grown kale were 1.95 %, 1.05 %, 49.0 mg 100 g^-1 as compared to 1.87 %, 1.02 % and 44.0 mg 100 g^-1, respectively, in conventionally grown kale. The sodium and potassium contents were high in organically grown kale. Kale grown with organic inputs was found nutritionally superior to conventionally grown kale so can be incorporated in food formulation as therapeutic agent.

4 tables, 28 ref

029901   AL-HAFUD A S, ABAS W F, SIMAN W J (Home Economics Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: aliasaad80@yahoo.com) : Fortifying kids' food with laboratory grown-legumes and studying of microbial and nutritional properties. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 1951-6.

This study was conducted on the possibility of manufacturing kids’ foods fortified by legumes. Three raw materials of boiled vegetables (carrots, potatoes and zucchini) were used, one of the pre-boiled legumes was added to the mixture, which included chickpeas, lentils, mung, soybean, fenugreek, by the percentage of 5 % and 10 %. The results of the chemical analysis showed no statistically significant differences (P <0.05) between the coefficients of moisture, ash and fiber. However, the ash ratio increased from 0.76 to 0.88 % and fiber from 0.43 to 0.87 %. As for protein and fat, A8 coefficient (add 10 % soybean bean) recorded highest ratio of 2.54 and 0.71 % respectively, the results of the analysis of mineral elements showed that the A8 coefficient were significantly higher in calcium, phosphorus and potassium content, which reached (10.64, 18.26, 145.53) mg/100 g, respectively, while (A10) coefficient significantly exceeded in iron content which was 0.89 mg per 100 gram. The sensory evaluation results referred that the mixtures having 5 % of the laboratory-grown legumes got the highest sensory valuation scores. The results of the microbial analysis referred to possibility of, well-protected kids’ food mixtures for 24 hour in a refrigerator after preparation, where the microbial numbers are within the allowed limits for human consumption.

5 tables, 30 ref

028599   INAMDAR S Z, APSY P, ROSY J, KULKARNI R V, GAZALA K, KAVAYA H, BHUNESHVARI A, SAPNA H (Pharmacy Practice Dep, BLDEA’s SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Vijaypur-586 103, Email: syedzia.inamdar@ gmail.com) : Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacist towards the provision of pharmaceutical care: A community based study. Indian J Pharm Pract 2018, 11(3), 158-63.

The concept of pharmaceutical care was introduced in developed countries about three decades ago. Pharmaceutical care is the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcome which improve patient quality of life. To assess the Knowledge Attitude and Practice of community pharmacist in the deliverance of pharmaceutical care at community pharmacy level. A survey study was conducted among various community dwelling pharmacies of Vijaypur city by administrating structured questionnaire to the working pharmacist to assess knowledge, attitude and practice in delivering pharmaceutical care. A total of 150 community pharmacies were surveyed in the study and hundred percent response rates was attained. There was a deficient knowledge (66.66 %) with respect to pharmaceutical care and pharmacists are reluctant in accepting the responsibility of addressing patient drug related needs owing to knowledge gap and just restricting themselves to traditional drug dispensing practices. The attitude component; 62.69 % community pharmacist are of the opinion that practicing pharmaceutical care is resource intensive that is time consuming, requires more man power. On Practice (70 %) component; community pharmacist yearn to practice but they are deficient of adequate knowledge, attitude, resources and economics. There is deficit in knowledge and competence to practice pharmaceutical care among community pharmacist in the deliverance of Pharmaceutical health care.

1 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

028601   MANDAL M, GHOSH U (Food Technology and Bio-Chemical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata - 700032, Email: ughoshftbe@yahoo.co.in) : Application of statistical tool for optimization of physical parameters for cellulase production under solid state fermentation. Indian J Biotechnol 2018, 17(3), 441-7.

Cellulase production by isolated Aspergillus sp. was carried out under solid state fermentation (SSF) using banana peel based medium, one of the abundantly available lignocellulosic horticultural wastes in tropical and subtropical countries. Response surface methodology (RSM) involving Box–Behnken design was employed for optimizing production of cellulase. The interactions among various fermentation parameters viz. hydration ratio, amount of substrate for fermentation, time and temperature of fermentation, were investigated and modeled. The predicted carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity and biomass under optimized parameters was 65.11 U/gds and 95.33 mg/gds, respectively whereas the validated CMCase activity was 65.22 U/gds and biomass was found to be 96 mg/gds. The results showed that the responses of CMCase and biomass were significantly affected by the quadratic term of hydration ratio, substrate amount, time and temperature of fermentation and the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated good correlation of experimental parameters selected.

3 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

028603   NARAYANAN A, KUMAR S, RAMANI K K (Visual Psychophysics Dep, Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai - 600 016, Email: anun@snmail.org) : Spectacle compliance among adolescents in Southern India: Perspectives of service providers. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018, 66(7), 945-50.

Compliance to spectacle wear is vital to elimination of avoidable blindness among schoolchildren. This study aims to understand the barriers to compliance and strategies to overcome the barriers from the perspectives of the service providers of the school vision‑screening model. A snapshot qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted among the service providers including eye care professionals (ECPs) and social workers that are part of the school screening program. Sessions were audio recorded and transcribed. Themes were formed following inductive coding using a conceptual framework. Out of the three FGDs, two were with ECPs and one with social workers. Four subthemes identified under the barriers were poor awareness, spectacle‑related, psychosocial, and financial barriers. Unique barriers according to the service providers included nonuse of spectacles by asymptomatic children, children with unilateral refractive errors and those with emmetropic parents. Service providers also brought out parent’s feelings of guilt, doubts about their children’s impaired vision, the negative self‑image among children, and difficulties in obtaining funding to support the costs of screening. Solutions that emerged included the personal visit of professionals for spectacle distribution and counseling parents, demonstration of improvement in vision for activities that were difficult for the children without spectacles and rewarding, and role modeling of compliant children. This study had identified unique barriers and solutions from the perspectives of the service providers. The suggested strategies would aid in an effective schoolchildren vision screening practice to enhance compliance to spectacle wear.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

028600   MAGDALENE D, BHATTACHARJEE H, CHOUDHURY M, MULTANI P K, SINGH A, DESHMUKH S, GUPTA K (Pediatric Ophthalmology Dep, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati - 781 028, Email: dr.saurabh89@gmail.com) : Community outreach: An indicator for assessment of prevalence of amblyopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018, 66(7), 940-4.

To study the prevalence, determine the magnitude, and cause of amblyopia among the children aged 6 months to 16 years in Kamrup district, Assam, India. Among a total of 39,651 children between 6 months and 16 years of age, door‑to‑door screening was conducted by trained workers. For children above 5 years of age who failed to read the 6/9 line, camps were conducted in the nearby schools. Children below 5 years of age were directly referred to the tertiary eye care institute. After visual acuity assessment at the institute, cycloplegic refraction and complete ophthalmic examination were done to rule out other causes of diminution of vision. Axial length measurement and corneal topography were performed in children with high refractive errors. Of the total 39,651 children screened, 469 were diagnosed to have amblyopia at the camp and 223 were diagnosed at the institute. The prevalence of amblyopia was 1.75 %. Amblyopia was more common among the males (52.50 %) as compared to females. Maximum number of patients were found in the age group of 11–16 (63.58 %). Refractive amblyopia was found to be the most common cause of amblyopia (45.29 %). In children below 5 years, deprivation amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia were more common. Awareness of amblyopia among the parents is essential for early detection and treatment of the disease, which will, in turn, reduce the burden of childhood visual impairment.

5 illus, 20 ref

028602   MEENA J K, KUMAR R, MEENA G S (Community Medicine Dep, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Udaipur - 313 002, Email: drmeenajk@gmail.com) : Protect the protector: morbidity and health behavior among police personnel in National Capital Region of India. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2018, 22(2), 86-91.

At the time of selection, police personnel undergo various health and fitness tests but subsequently health assessments are not done regularly. Unhealthy lifestyle and challenging work environment predispose them to various somatic sequelae, including cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and psychological disorders, etc., There is limited epidemiological data on the morbidity profile among police personnel in India. To study the morbidity profile and the treatment‑seeking behavior among police personnel in National Capital Region (NCR), India. A cross‑sectional study was conducted between May and November, 2014 on 300 police personnel working in the NCR, India. We administered a predesigned, pretested questionnaire (α = 0.63) to the study participants based on World Health Organization‑STEPS tool for assessing morbidity profile, lifestyle risk factors, and treatment‑seeking behavior after obtaining informed consent from the study participants. Health complaints were reported by around half (n = 149, 49.6 %) of the participants with the morbidity risk of 0.71 per person. The most common complaints were related to the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. Only around half of the affected participants took any treatment. Hospitalization rate reflected from past 1‑year hospital admissions among participants was (n = 23, 7.7%). Data analysis suggested morbidity status of police personnel to be significantly associated with lifestyle risk factors such as abdominal obesity (n = 129, 86.5 %), obstructive sleep apnea (n = 54, 36.2 %), and distress (n = 48, 32.2 %). Busy and challenging work life and poor control of health lead to high morbidity among police personnel. Regular health checks and lifestyle promotional activities are highly recommended to maintain a healthy police force.

1 illus, 5 tables, 25 ref

028598   GEORGE N, KIRAN P R, SULEKHA T, RAO J S, KIRAN P (Community Health Dep, St John’s Medical College, Karnataka, Email: preteshkiran@gmail.com) : Work-life balance among Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) workers in Anekal Town, South India. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2018, 22(2), 82-5.

Buses take up more than 90 % of public transport in Indian cities and serve as a cheap and convenient mode of transport for all classes of society. However, the well‑being of employees of this mode of transport is paramount in passenger and personal safety. As in any job, the person has to balance work and personal issues. Work–life balance is a concept that supports the effort from an employee in any sector to split their time and energy to balance work and personal lives. A cross‑sectional study using a structured interview schedule was conducted among 103 Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) workers in Anekal town, Karnataka, to determine the work–life balance among them. The total score was classified into high, medium, and low work balance categories. The scores for each domain were analyzed separately to derive at the factors which act against work–life balance. Low work–life balance was found in 26 (25.2 %) of all subjects. The important factors that affected work–life balance were identified to be shift work, work load, night duties, social functions, and negative attitude of family members. The reasons that motivated them to work were to support family (35 %), future security (33 %), and to clear personal debts (15.5 %). Given the low work–life balance in a quarter of several individuals in this study, there is a need to address this issue to ensure necessary balance and safety and well‑being of both road transport employees and passengers.

2 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

027342   NAVANEETHAM J, BASAVARJU M, ARELINGIAH M (Psychiatric Social Work Dep, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Email: janardhannimhans@gmail.com) : Devadasi and their intimate partners: Dynamics of relationship. Indian J Community Med 2018, 43(3), 195-8.

Devadasi practice is still prevalent in some parts of North Karnataka; most of the Devadasis get into sex work for their survival. During sex work, devadasis would get close to their customer, as they feel secure and emotionally satisfied. The present study aims at understanding the Devadasi sex worker (DSW) and their intimate partners’ (IPs) relationship and knowing the reasons for continuing the relationship even though they experience violence and abuse from their IP. Exploratory research design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used for the field visits. Data were gathered through personal interviews during field visits along with the counselors who were capacitated to deal with the relationship issues of DSWs and their IPs. Modified thematic analysis was used to analyze twenty field visit reports. This study analyzed the quality and dynamics of the relationship between DSWs and their IP. DSWs and their IP define their relationship as “like marriage” without legal recognition. DSWs accept the violence from their IP as a symbol of love. Violence was identified as a key concern for the sex workers and is often acceptable in their relationship. The relationship between DSWs and their IPs needs to be understood before arriving at the care plan to deal with the relationship issues. There is an urgent need for developing an interventional model for the counselors and equip them to deal with the relationship issues of DSWs.

25 ref

027341   MASTHI N R R, PRUTHVI S, PHANEENDRA M S (Community Medicine Dep, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Email: pruthvi.swamygowda@gmail.com) : A comparative study on social media usage and health status among students studying in Pre-University colleges of urban Bengaluru. Indian J Community Med 2018, 43(3), 180-4.

Social Media usage is a “global consumer phenomenon” with an exponential rise within the past few years. The use of social media websites is among the common activity for today’s adolescents, they are sometimes overused/misused, which may lead to social media addiction. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of social media addiction between Government and Private Pre-University (PU) college study subjects, to assess the health problems related to social media usage among the study subjects, and to assess the various factors associated with social media addiction. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Government and Private PU colleges situated in a selected ward of urban Bengaluru city through multistage sampling. A total of 1870 study subjects were recruited. A scale was developed to assess social media addiction. The prevalence of social media addiction was 36.9 % among users, distributed equally among private and Government PUs. The most common health problem identified was strain on eyes (38.4 %), anger (25.5 %), and sleep disturbance (26.1 %). Being a male, the habit of smoking, alcohol, and tobacco, consumption of junk food, having ringxiety and selfitis were found to be significant risk factors for social media addiction. Social media addiction was found in over one-thirds of subjects and majority had mild addiction.

2 tables, 23 ref

027340   MAWAR S, KOUL P, DAS S, GUPTA S (All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Email: jigyasababy@gmail.com) : Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med 2018, 43(3), 165-9.

Elder abuse is a serious problem that has adverse consequence on health. Still, research on elder abuse is sparse in India. This study aimed to find the nature, prevalence, and factors such as depression and physical problems associated with elder abuse in an urban North Indian community. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 222 elders with 97 males, aged 60 years or older residing in an urban community of Delhi. Elders were assessed for abuse by modified Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, and self-reported questions on health problems. Mean age of the study population was 66.3 ± 4.2 years. The overall prevalence of any type of elder abuse was 24.3 %. Psychological abuse was the most common type (22.9 %) followed by financial abuse (5.8 %), physical abuse (1.4 %), and anti-constitutional abuse (nil). Among the abused, nearly 20 % experienced more than one type of abuse. Thirty-seven women (30 %) and 17 men (18 %) reported elder abuse. Elder abuse is common in urban North India and is underreported. Appropriate interventions are required to ameliorate the problem.

4 tables , 22 ref