047295   SHARMA T V R S, ABIRAMI K, VENKATESAN K, BASKARAN V (ICAR - Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair - 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Email: vbaski01@gmail.com) : Evaluation of wild edible plants of Andaman and Nicobar Islands for food and nutritional security. Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 57 - 62.

About 153 wild plants were identified as edible used by tribals of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, including 63 trees (2 small trees), 38 herbs, 23 shrubs, 16 climbers, 2 each creepers, twinners, grasses and sedges, and one each fern, vine and weed. Various parts of these plants were reported to be utilized as food, fruits, vegetables and utilized for making pickle/jam and jelly/beverages. Many tuber crops belonging to Dioscoreaceae family such as Dioscorea esculenta, D. glabra, D. pentaphylla and D. vexans are relished by the tribals. Therefore, conservation and enriching the population of these plants in tribal area is very important. The nutritional aspects and the presence of dangerous steroids in these plants if any have to be studied in detail.

4 tables, 13 ref

047292   MURKUTE A A (ICAR - Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar - 410 505, Maharashtra, Email: ashutoshmurkute@gmail.com) : In - vitro scape and bulb formation in garlic (Allium sativum). Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 44 - 46.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the important spices crops that required on daily basis in kitchens and cuisines across the world. Scape or flowering stalk induction is highly important for crop improvement as garlic is a vegetatively propagated crop. However, scape formation has not achieved yet by any means. Meristems (0.1 - 0.3 mm) of garlic cv. Bhima Purple were cultured in vitro on basal MS medium fortified with 0.1 mgl - 1 NAA, 1.0 mgl - 1 Kinetin and 3 % sucrose (w/v). Proliferated meristems (mericlones) were sub - cultured after 10 - 15 days. About 55 - 60 days old cultures were sub - cultured on MS + 1 mgl - 1 Kinetin + 6 % sucrose in liquid medium for microbulbil induction and maintained till its harvest. Microbulbils were induced on mericlones after about 70 - 75 days after initial inoculation. In vitro induced bulbils transformed into a small garlic bulb having 2 - 3 cloves or microbulbils after 110 - 115 days of initial culturing. Subsequently after 125 - 130 days the maiden in - vitro scape formation was observed. It showed a ray of light to use this alternative strategy, i.e. in - vitro scape induction to induce flowering stalk in garlic. Also, the successful in - vitro bulb development reported first time herein would give an opportunity of mass production of garlic without managing cumbersome field propagations.

2 illus, 12 ref

047291   SINGH R S, BHARGAVA R, SHARMA B D (ICAR - Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner - 334 006, Rajasthan, Email: rssingh1@yahoo.com) : Effect of hot water treatment on dry date preparation from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars in arid region. Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 41 - 43.

An experiment was conducted to utilize the fruits of doka stage of date palm varieties for preparation of nutritious dry date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) i.e. chhuhara, at CIAH, Bikaner, during 2016 - 17. Dry dates were prepared by giving boiling water treatment of doka (hard ripen) fruits for 4 - 5 minutes and 8 - 10 minutes of four date palm cultivars fruits which were drying up to 20 - 30 per cent moisture content. The dry dates prepared by giving treatment in boiling water for 8 - 10 minutes and then drying was found suitable in term of recovery percentage and organoleptic score basis for taste, appearance and acceptability as well as nutritive point of view.

3 tables, 11 ref

047290   BARIK S, DEVI A K B, ANANDA A, KONTHOUJAM J (Horticulture Dep, Central Agricultural Univ, Imphal, Manipur, Email: satyabarik001@gmail.com) : Effect of planting time and spacing on yield, yield - attributing characters and ascorbic acid content of king chilli (Capsicum chinense) under polyhouse condition. Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 38 - 40.

An experiment was conducted to find out the optimum time of planting and plant density on chilli in polyhouse at Department of Horticulture, CAU, Imphal, during rabi season of 2014 - 15. Four planting times viz. 30 November, 19 December, 7 January and 26 January were considered as factor A and three spacings, viz. 60 cm ? 60 cm, 60 cm ? 45 cm and 45 cm ? 45 cm were considered as factor B. The experiment was laid out in FRBD (Factorial Randomized Block Design) with 3 replications. The highest number of fruits/plant (67.83), fruit yield/plant [fresh (279.00 g) and dry (71.77g)] and fruit yield/ha [fresh (13.78 t/ha) and dry (3.44 t/ha)] were exhibited when seedling were transplanted on 7 January at a spacing of 45 cm ? 45 cm ((D1S3). Similarly, maximum fruit length (5.77 cm) and diameter (2.57 cm) were shown when planting was done on 26 January at a spacing of 60 cm ? 45 cm (D4S2). Highest individual fruit weight (6.07 g) was achieved when planting was done on 7 January at a spacing of 60 cm ? 60 cm (D3S2). Highest ascorbic acid (149 mg/g) content was obtained from the treatment D3S2 which was planted on done 7 January at a spacing of 60 cm ? 45 cm.

1 table, 8 ref

047289   MADHUMATI C, REDDY D D S (Dr Y S R Horticultural Univ, Ananthrajupet - 516 105 Andhra Pradesh, Email: drr2020@gmail.com) : Characterization of mango (Mangifera indica) varieties for pickle making. Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 34 - 37.

An experiment was conducted on characterization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties using morphological characters for selection of best pickle varieties for pickle making, at Horticultural Research Station, Ananthrajupet, Andhra Pradesh during 2015 - 16. Eleven mango varieties were characterized morphologically for fruit and stone characters. The bigger fruit - sized was seen in Gaddemar, while smaller - sized fruits were in Alipasand and Amrigola. Other collections exhibited medium - sized fruits. Gaddemar showed maximum fruit weight (936.2g), fruit width (111.19 mm) and pulp thickness (1.68 mm), whereas Amrigola exhibited lowest fruit weight (76.5g), fruit width (52.26 mm) and pulp thickness (10.20 mm). The mango variety, Chilaka Mukku showed highest TSS (14.6? Brix) and minimum TSS in Alipasand (6.5? brix). Peddarasam showed maximum stone weight (102.5g) and lowest stone weight in Amrigola (8.0g). Gaddemar showed highest fiber length (16.72 mm) while least fiber length (2.8 mm) was noted in Peddarasam. Gaddemar and Alipasand were identified for pickle making due to higher acidity, presence of fibre and lower TSS values.

3 tables, 15 ref

047288   SARKAR S K, PANWAR S, PAUL R K, TOMAR S, KUMAR N, MORYA O P (IASRI, New Delhi, Email: sarkar82@gmail.com) : Assessment of pre - and post - harvest losses of vegetables in Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 29 - 33.

The study was carried out to find out pre and post - harvest losses in vegetable, viz. tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) in Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, during 2017 - 18. Multistage sampling was done for selection of 100 vegetable growers. The sample also included 30 market functionaries. The maximum aggregate losses was found in tomato, followed by brinjal, cauliflower, bottlegourd and okra. The pre - harvest losses at farmers' level contributed for more than 40 % of the total losses at farmers' level in all vegetables except cauliflower. The study has recommended that establishment of producer co - operatives to handle various activities relating to production and marketing of vegetables would help in reducing losses.

4 tables, 16 ref

047287   DEVARAKONDA S, MADHUMATHI C, LAKSHMI L M, BHASKAR V V, UMAMAHESH V, RAJASEKHARAM T, REDDY L M N (Horticultural Research Station, Anantharajupeta, Andhra Pradesh, Email: shreedevarakonda@gmail.com) : Effect of plant elicitors on growth, yield and quality of papaya (Carica Papaya). Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 23 - 28.

The field cum laboratory study was carried out to find out the effect of plant elicitors on papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady, during November, 2015 to October, 2017 at Horticultural Research Station, Anantharajupeta, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. The application of salicylic acid twice (at 45 and 120 DAT) @ 150 ppm (T9) recorded significantly highest plant height (257.58 cm) at 210 DAT, which was at a par with T8(S.A @ 100 ppm at 45 DAT and 120 DAT) (225.08 cm and 34.21 cm). T9 (SA @ 150 ppm at 45 and 120 DAT) recorded significantly highest fruit weight (1.06 kg), fruit length (18.33 cm), fruit girth (43.02 cm). The values for all these parameters were found to be at par with T8 and T7, whereas lowest values was recorded with T13 (control), i.e. fruit weight (0.84 kg), fruit length (16.20 cm), fruit girth (33.35 cm). Significantly highest number of fruits/plant (60.37) was observed in T8 which was found to be at par with T9 (59.29) and T7 (57.94). Weight of fruits/plant (kg), yield/plot (kg) and yield/hectare (tonnes) were highest in T9 (49.78 kg, 552.42 kg and 116.06 tonnes/ha) which was at par with T8 (47.17 kg, 546.59 kg and 114.83 tonnes/ha). The lowest values in this regard were recorded in control (T13) (25.20 kg, 370.57 kg and 77.85 tonnes/ha).

3 tables, 15 ref

047286   LAKSHMI L M, VENKATARAMANA K T, REDDY D S, TRAJASEKHAR, SHIRGURE P S, PATIL P (Dr Y.S.R. Horticultural Univ, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, Email: lmukunda@gmail.com) : Critical stages of water requirement in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 18 - 22.

A field experiment was conducted on 10 - year - old bearing sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. Sathgudi based on evaporation replenishment (ER) irrigation scheduling at different stages to identify the critical stage of irrigation water requirement through drip irrigation system during 2007 - 2017 at AICRP on Fruits (Citrus), Citrus Research Station, Dr Y.S.R Horticultural University, Tirupati. The fruit yield and quality significantly affected under various ER based drip irrigation scheduling treatments. Maximum number of fruits (353 fruits/ plant) and highest fruit yield (57.41 kg/plant and 15.92 t/ha) were recorded under drip irrigation scheduled at 80 % ER in all stages. The best quality fruits (TSS:10.270 Brix and acidity 0.71 %) with good TSS and acid blend (17.25) and highest benefit: cost ratio (2.68) were harvested in the same treatment and it was superior over all the treatments, indicating stage VI (November - December) is the best period for inducing stress for Ambe bahar crop. However, lowest yields were recorded when plants were supplied with 80 % ER at stage I, II, IV, V, VI stages and 30 % ER at Stage III (May - June), followed by plants supplied with 80 % ER at stage II, III, IV, V and VI stages and 30 % ER at stage I (January - February). Reduction in irrigation from 80 % ER to 30 % ER during stage III (May - June: fruit development stage) and stage I(January - February: flowering and fruit setting) resulted in significant reduction in yield, indicating both the stages are critical for water requirement in sweet orange.

3 tables, 15 ref

047285   SRIVASTAVA A K, HOTA D (ICAR - Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Email: aksrivas2007@gmail.com) : Fruit crops under nutrient - capped scenario: A timeless journey. Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 14 - 17.

The nutrient responsive nature of fruit crops predisposes them to multiple nutrient deficiencies, resulting in their economic manifestations on quality production is a formidable challenge to nutritionists. The crop - based soil health care is basic to any fruit nutrition program. But, still a bigger challenge lies in diagnosing the genesis of any nutrient deficiency at the right stage. It just starts and in the field itself. So that nutritional problems are addressed in the current season's crop. Various nutrient supply chain management for fruit crops have their own merits and demerits, but all of them address 4R nutrient stewardship principles. However, ISFM is still considered as another form of regenerative agriculture. Our current efforts should concentrate on these issues, so that soil health care becomes a grower's movement with visibility on long - term fruit industry.

22 ref

047284   SAROJ P L,CHOUDHARY B R (ICAR - Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner - 3340 006, Rajasthan, Email: plsaroj@yahoo.co.in) : Improvement in cucurbits for drought and heat stress tolerance ? a review. Current Hort 2020, 8 (2), 003 - 13.

Cucurbits are sensitive to environmental extremes, and thus high temperature and limited soil moisture are major causes of low yield in hot arid region and will be further magnified by climate change. Some abiotic stresses directly reduce growth, while others affect development in a way that reduces or eliminates the crop's value. The response of plants to environmental stresses depends on developmental stages and length and severity of the stress. Plants may respond similarly to avoid one or more stresses through morphological or biochemical mechanisms. Plant breeders need to translate these findings into stress - tolerant varieties by using all tools available that include germplasm screening, marker - assisted selection and genetic transformation besides conventional breeding methods. Therefore, breeding is one of the most efficient approaches for managing abiotic stresses. The genetically complex responses to abiotic stresses are multigenic and thus more difficult to control and engineer. Several abiotic stress tolerant varieties have been developed utilizing conventional breeding approaches. However, rapid progress is required to reduce the gap between potential yield and actual yield in abiotic stress prone environments. Thus, there is an urgent need of breeding climate - smart varieties of cucurbits tolerance to abiotic stresses which have great potential for meeting increased demand. Keeping in view, an attempt has been made to compile the scattered information on concepts, mechanisms and breeding approaches of abiotic stress tolerance in cucurbits.

1 illus, 7 tables, 59 ref

047276   PARIHAR R, NAG S, SRIVASTAVA R (Genetics & Plant Breeding Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Raipur - 495 001, Chhattisgarh, Email: nagsk_igkv@yahoo.com) : Association analysis studies for seed yield and quality characters of soybean (Glycine max) at Bilaspur plain region of Chhattisgarh. Crop Res 2020, 59 (5 & 6), 276 - 80.

A multilocational trial study on soybean was conducted during 2016 - 17 at BTC College of Agriculture and Research Station, Chhattisgarh, India to evaluate fifteen variable genotypes for 16 yield and quality characters for interrelationship. Days to 50 % flowering had a positive association with days to maturity, 100 seed weight and unfilled pods. Plant population had a positive correlation with pod bearing length and seed yield. Plant height had a positive correlation with pod bearing length, seeds per pod, whereas highly negative correlation with 100 seed weight. Branches per plant had positive association with seed yield. Pod bearing nodes was highly significant and positive associations with filled pods, pod length and non significant positive association with seed yield. Filled pods had significant association with unfilled pods, and highly significant association with pod length. Pod bearing length had a highly significant positive correlation with qualitative feature volume weight. Biological yield had a significant positive association with seed yield, Path analysis revealed that seed yield is directly affected by days to 50 % flowering, 100 seed weight, through a low magnitude of direct effect, while plant height, pod bearing length, and harvest index contributes through a moderate magnitude of direct effect on seed yield. Filled pods and biological yield contribute to seed yield by the highest magnitude of direct effect. The negligible value of residual factor value (0.0000) justified that characters considered in the study was justified for seed yield. Findings indicate that direct selection of significant characters will enhance the breeding efficiency for seed yield in soybean.

1 tables, 17 ref

047274   PRIYADARSHINI V M, MADHANAKUMARI P (Horticulture Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu, Email: priya03vm@gmail.com,hortmadhana@gmail.com) : Effect of bio - stimulants on the physiological and quality parameters of bush bean (Lablab purpureus). Crop Res 2020, 57 (5 & 6), 262 - 7.

The intensive use of inorganic fertilizer in agriculture for ensuring the world food security caused so many health problems and unrecoverable environmental pollution. In view of this context, a study was conducted during August to November 2019 at Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to identify the influences of bio - stimulants on the physiological and quality parameters of bush bean cv. Co (Gb) 14. Bush bean, being a leguminous crop provides the human diet with a good proportion of protein. It also contains various other vitamins and minerals. This crop is gaining importance for its increased market demand, protein content and also for its ability to provide increased production per unit area. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. Bio - stimulants opted for the study include seaweed extract, panchagavya, chitosan and effective microorganism with two different concentrations applied as foliar spray on 30th, 45th and 60th days after sowing. The total pod yield/plant (179.52 g), total pod yield/plot (1.89 kg), dry matter production (3.50 t/ha), total chlorophyll content (45.26 CCI), crude protein (4.18 %) and crude fibre (1.13 %) were found to be maximum in foliar application of seaweed extract. The experiment revealed that the yield, physiological and quality parameters were highly influenced by the application of seaweed extract (5 mL/L) along with recommended dosage of fertilizers which is an environment friendly option for sustainable agriculture.

2 tables, 26 ref

047273   MATHEW S, SEETHARAMU G K, SATISH D, DILEEPKUMAR M, MUKUND S (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Univ of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot - 587 104, Karnataka, Email: sithin.mathew.m@gmail.com) : Effect of weed management and methods of planting on weed population and establishment of turf grasses. Crop Res 2020, 56 (5 & 6), 250 - 61.

The scientific management of weeds and effective establishment of grasses are the thrust areas of research in turf grass cultivation. Therefore, an investigation was carried out during 2018 - 19 at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, to evaluate pre - planting weed management methods and to identify best establishment method in turf grasses. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments of which two weed management practices (hand weeding and soil sterilant application); three planting methods (seed sowing at 10g/m2, seed sowing at 5g/m2 and stolon dibbling) and two turf grass species (Mexican grass and Bermuda grass) laid out in factorial Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice. The study has revealed that among the two grasses evaluated Bermuda grass var. ?Tif dwarf? showed less number of weeds (4.61/m2), early germination or sprouting (7.28 days), high ground cover per cent score (5.00), higher number of nodes (27.03), number of leaves per stolon (30.74) and leaf width (2.69 mm) compared to Mexican grass. Seed sowing method of establishment at 10g/m2 showed a smaller number of weeds per square meter (9.56/m2) and lowest time taken for germination or sprouting (11.00 days). Stolon dibbling was found superior with respect to ground cover per cent score (4.85), number of nodes (27.51) and number of leaves (29.74) while leaf length (23.93 cm), leaf width (2.95 mm) and average leaf area (3.45 cm2) was recorded highest for seed sowing method at 5g/ m2. Among weed management approaches, Dizomet applied plots showed a smaller number of weeds at 40 days after planting (9.68/m2). Stolon dibbling of Bermuda grass var. ?Tif dwarf? at 160 days after planting recorded highest values for number of nodes (39.61) and number of leaves (42.78) while seed sowing at 10g/m2 of Bermuda grass var. ?Tif dwarf? recorded lowest number of weeds (2.70/m2), lowest days to germination or sprouting (6.17 days) and maximum ground cover per cent score (5).

8 tables, 29 ref

047272   MAWKHIEW A, PEREIRA L S (RDAP Dep, North Eastern Hill Univ, Tura - 794002, Email: drlollysp@gmail.com) : Performance of selected mango (Mangifera indica) varieties in West Garo Hills of North - East India. Crop Res 2020, 55 (5 & 6), 242 - 9.

West Garo Hills is not a traditional mango growing region although the agro climatic conditions are conducive for its cultivation. Some local varieties are seen growing in the region which are not qualitatively at par with the commercial varieties grown in other parts of India. Reports on performance of different commercial varieties of mango in this region are negligible. Therefore, considering the nutritional value and export potential of mango fruit and suitability of the region for mango cultivation, an experiment was conducted during 2016 - 19 to evaluate the performance of three mango varieties Amrapali, Dashehari and Kesar in West Garo Hills of Meghalaya. Morphological characters of tree, leaf, inflorescence and fruits, bio - chemical composition of fruits and yield were recorded. Among the three varieties studied under West Garo Hills condition, variety Amrapali showed the most vigorous growth in terms of tree height, girth and spread (East - West and North - South directions) by registering the highest percent of increase after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years of start of experiment. The pooled values of 2 years revealed the highest leaf area (77.20 cm2), highest yield per tree (21.69 kg/tree), highest yield per hectare (8.69 MT/ha), with fruits of highest vitamin C content (33.62mg/100g pulp), and highest sugars (total sugar of 8.95%, reducing sugar of 3.62 % and non - reducing sugar of 5.07%) in variety Amrapali. Variety Kesar produced fruits with highest fruit weight (224.30g), pulp weight (169.34g), pulp:stone ratio (5.95) and pulp % (75.40%), while variety Dashehari produced fruits with highest TSS:acid ratio of 47.99 closely followed by variety Kesar (44.49) and variety Amrapali (42.73).

4 tables, 23 ref

001565   JAYSHREE, UMESHA C (Agronomy Dep, Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj– 211 007, Uttar Pradesh, Email: jayshreeprabhat0@gmail.com) : Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth parameters and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in sandy loam soil of Prayagraj. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 137-41.

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2020 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam
Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P) on sandy loam soil to assess the effect
of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth parameters and yield of Cowpea. The design of field experiment was
Randomized block design consisting of ten treatments each replicated thrice. Experimental results showed significant
increase in growth parameter viz., Plant height (81.09 cm), number of branches (4.87), number of nodules (53.27), plant
dry weight (30.43 g/plant), crop growth rate (12.59 g/m²/plant) and yield attributing parameters viz., pods/plant (14.73),
seeds/ pod (8.85), 100-seed weight (8.02 g), seed yield (2.62 t/ha) and biological yield (9.07 t/ha) were recorded with dual
inoculation of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza along with 55 kg phosphorus per
hectare.

2 tables, 24 ref

001563   PARVEEN R, SINGH S K, SINGH M K, BARMAN M (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Bihar agricultural Univ, Bhagalpur, Bihar, Email: mainakbarman4@gmail.com) : Character association studies in Bread wheat genotypes for early heat tolerance and grain micronutrient content. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 111-25.

Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested by adopting Randomized Block Design with three replications during 2019-20,
under two different environments, i.e. early and timely sown conditions. The ultimate goal was to determine the
relationship between yield and yield contributing traits and classify traits that have the highest direct and indirect effects
on grain yield under both environmental circumstances. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with no. of
tiller/plant, no. of grains/spike, relative water content, spike fertility, harvest index, grain zinc content and chlorophyll
content at the level of both genotype and phenotype; conversely, found significantly negative with canopy temperature
and non-significant with days to 50 % flowering and seedling length. Under stress condition, the correlation for grain
yield/plant was found significant, and it was correlated positively with no. of tiller/plant, spike fertility, relative water
content, harvest index and grain zinc content and non-significantly with seedling length, no. of grain/spike, chlorophyll
content, flag leaf area and thousand-grain weight. At the level of both genotype and phenotype, grain yield per plant had
a high direct effect in the positive direction by harvest index followed by no. of tiller/plant, no. of grain/spike, relative
water content. Thus, more weightage should be given towards these traits as selecting these traits can be rewarding to
achieve high yielding wheat genotypes.

6 tables, 21 ref

001558   NARENDER, ARYA S, NANDA K (Forestry Dep, CCSHAU, Hisar- 125 004, Email: sandeeparya@hau.ac.in) : Potential of Melia dubia agroforestry system in soil improvement and environmental sustainability. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 65-72.

The current study intended to understand the influence of Melia dubia based agroforestry system on soil properties. The
research was carried out at Gillan Khera in district Fatehabad, situated in the semi-arid region of Haryana. Analysis of
soil samples were done for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, soil moisture and available nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium. The soil pH and EC decreased more under trees than under control (sole wheat crop) i.e, 8.09
to 7.89 and 0.46 to 0.44 dSm^-1 respectively. However, the amount of N, P, K, organic carbon (131.38, 16.00, 301.10 (kg/ha)
and 0.46 % respectively) and soil moisture content was found higher in intercropped conditions at both soil depths. Extra
moisture in shaded conditions resulting in the breakdown of litter, mineralization and nitrogen gain at a faster rate
compared to full sunlight conditions justifies the increased amount of nutrients, organic carbon and other favorable
changes in the soil under trees. The current study recommends Melia dubia based agroforestry system as an excellent
opportunity in order to enhance soil fertility and for environmental sustainability.

5 tables, 33 ref

001556   HUSSAIN F, MURTHY B N S, REDDY M L N, SATISHA J, UPRETI K K, LAXMAN R H, SRINIVASULU (Fruit Crops Dep, ICAR– Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Email: fkhanshaik@gmail.com) : Induction of flowering and improvement of fruit yield and quality in pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Bhagwa by various plant growth regulators. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 49-58.

The effect of different plant growth regulators on flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum
L.) cv. Bhagwa was studied in a field trial at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru, during
two seasons, namely ambe bahar (January–February) 2016 and hastha bahar (September–October) 2016-17. Nitrobenzene
(NB) 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml plant^-1, Cycocel (CCC) 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm plant^-1, Uracil 25 and 50 ppm plant^-1, CCC
1000 ppm + Uracil 25 ppm plant^-1, CCC 1500 ppm + Uracil 50 ppm plant^-1, and Control were among the eleven
treatments studied. The application of uracil 50 ppm plant^-1 resulted in a higher number of hermaphrodite flowers plant-
1 (264.7), number of fruits plant^-1 (154.0), and fruit yield (27.1 kg/plant). Fruit weight (197.6 g), fruit length (6.64 cm),
total aril weight (113.63 g), 100 aril weight (27.18 g), fruit juice weight (101.94 g), TSS content (19.96 OB), fruit
anthocyanin content (6.46 mg 100 g) and low titrable acidity (0.41 percent) were recorded when CCC 1000 ppm + Uracil
25 ppm plant^-1 was applied. During ambe bahar, the highest fruit width (6.90 cm) and volume (162.7 ml) were observed
with CCC 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm plant^-1, respectively. During hastha bahar, CCC 1500 ppm plant^-1 resulted in a
higher number of hermaphrodite flowers (287.8), the highest percentage of fruit set (86.10), the highest number of fruits
plant^-1 (156.66), the highest fruit yield (54.53 kg plant^-1), the highest fruit weight (348.32 g), the longest fruit length (8.53
cm), and the largest fruit volume (8.53 cm) (33.93 ml), total aril weight (224.01 g), 100 aril weight (35.09 g), fruit juice
weight (119.40 g) and TSS content (16.00 OB). A foliar spray of nitrobenzene 1.5 ml plant^-1 compounded the high fruit
anthocyanin content (6.47 mg 100g^-1). As a result of the research, it can be concluded that CCC 1000 ppm + Uracil 25
ppm plant^-1 and CCC 1500 ppm plant^-1 were the most effective treatments for improving floral characters, fruiting, yield,
and quality in pomegranate cv. Bhagwa during both seasons.

4 tables, 52 ref

001555   MOHAN M, SURENDRA E, GOPAL K (Agricultural Microbiology Dep, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Thrissur, Email: ks.gopal@kau.in) : Impact of climatic variables on the population of Trichoderma sp. in the rhizosphere of black pepper. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 45-8.

The present study was undertaken with an objective to determine the impact of climatic variables on the population of
Trichoderma sp. in the rhizosphere of black pepper. Rhizosphere soil samples were obtained from pepper plantation at a
monthly interval for one year. Trichoderma sp. population were assessed at monthly interval along with weather
parameters from July, 2015 to June,2016. The number of Trichoderma sp. were maximum in July and lowest in June.
The correlation between weather parameters on the population of Trichoderma sp. revealed that the population increased
with an increase in rainfall and relative humidity, whereas it decreased by an increase in temperature. The results of the
present studies showed that climatic variables affect the population of Trichoderma sp. in the rhizosphere of black pepper.
However, further studies are needed to confirm it.

3 tables, 16 ref

000932   Anurag B, Ramasamy T, Ramesh S, Sriraam K S, Kalaiselvi L, Deepak S J, Kannan R G, Arunaman C S (Madras Veterinary Coll, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Tamil Nadu, Email: drrams19@gmail.com) : Screening of Milk Borne Staphylococcus aureus for Resistance against Beta Lactam Antibiotics. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 113-5.

A study was carried out to screen milk borne Staphylococcus aureus for resistance against Beta lactam antibiotics. A total of 45 milk samples were collected over a period of three months from large animal outpatient unit of Madras Veterinary College Hospital, Chennai. Upon collection of samples, ABST followed by its growth in Mannitol Salt Agar was carried out as part of the phenotypic screening. Genotypic screening for Staphylococcus screening was done with the help of PCR by using nuc and mec A primers. MIC for ceftriaxone and cloxacillin was carried out with the samples that were found positive for Staphylococcus aureus. T he antibiotic sensitivity pattern is presented: Fluoroquinolones (87.5% sensitive), aminoglycosides (72.5% sensitive), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (Amoxyclave) (72.5% sensitive). The MSA positive samples were subjected to molecular identification with the help of PCR. The results revealed 10 samples positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 5 among them positive for mecA gene. The MIC results were as follows: MIC50-10.95μg/ml and MIC90- 87.510.95μg/ml for ceftriaxone and MIC50- 43.75 μg/ml and MIC90- 87.5μg/ml for cloxacillin, indicating emergence of resistance. However, further studies are required in a larger sample size that can help us to attain more conclusive results.

3 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

000931   Souad M, Souhila B, Chahrazed B, Hamida A (Veterinary Science Dep, Batna Univ, Algeria, Email: moumensouad@hotmail.com) : The Blood Biochemical Profiles in Algerian Rabbits of the Semi- arid Region of Aures (Algeria) At Different Physiological Stages. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 108-112.

In recent years, several works have examined the reproductive traits of Algerian local population rabbit does but no standardization study has been done on the plasmatic parameters of this population of rabbits reared in the Aures region during their different physiological stages. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of these on certain blood parameters in local rabbit
does. The rabbit does (n=120) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups; Empty (E), Pregnant (P), Pregnant lactating (P-L) and Lactating (L). Does were first mated at the age of 16.5 weeks with an average body weight of 3107.1 ± 53.5g and with body condition scoring (BCS) of loin and rump ranging from 2 to 3 on a scale of 1-5 following a 42-day rhythm. Four blood samples were collected from females of five rabbits in each group viz. E, P, P-L and L respectively. Milk yield differs significantly (p0.05) between the two experimental groups (P-L and L). Litter size and litter weight of does at birthing was higher (p0.01) in L group than in P and P-L groups. That the mean levels glucose in non-pregnant group recorded as 0.22 ± 0.04g/l which was increased 3rd week of pregnancy (0.65 ± 0.1 g/l followed by low mean value 0.35 + 0.2g/l and 0.4+0.1g/l at pregnant lactating and lactating stages of experimental rabbits. The lowest level of protein was recorded in the second week of pregnancy (p0.05). The increase in total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations in lactating group might be physiological. Concerning total lipids, there was a strong mobilization of body fat in pregnant females (97 mg/dl ± 0.10; p0.05). However, a marked decrease (p0.05) was recorded in cholesterolemia in lactating females. Regarding triglyceridemia, we have recorded a significant raise (37.7 ± 35.6; p0.001) in pregnant females. The creatinine value recorded was close to the physiological norms 1.3-2.7 mg/dl vs 1.08-0.92 mg/dl. T3 plasma levels were lower (p0.05) in lactating females’ group. Pregnant and lactating does showed an increase (p0.05) of leptin level. The higher (p0.05) progesterone levels in pregnant and pregnant-lactating does than its concentrations in empty and lactating does might be attributed to maintaining pregnancy. Therefore, the current study confirms that the analysis of metabolites represents a good tool to understand the physiological mechanisms.

0 illu, 3 tables, 34 ref

000930   Darissa O M, Irekat R (UNESCO Biotechnology Educational and Research Center, Bethlehem Univ, Palestine, Email: odarissa@bethlehem.edu) : Determination of the Polymorphism of the Booroola Fecundity B, Callipyge and Calpastatin Genes in Assaf Sheep Breed by PCR- RFLP Method. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 102-7.

The development of local sheep breeds that have high fecundity levels, high meat content and high growth rates would help satisfy the Palestinian demand of meat and lower its price. It has been reported that mutant alleles of the genes Booroola fecundity (FecB), Callipyge (CLPG) and calpastatin (CAST) are associated with high litter size, larger muscular rumps and higher tenderness of meat after sheep slaughter, respectively. PCR-RFLPs methods have been established to facilitate the survey of sheep breeds for such mutants. In this study, 117 blood samples of the most common sheep breed in Palestine, Assaf, were collected from Bethlehem and Jenin districts. Genomic DNA was extracted and purified from the blood samples using the salting out method. The genotypic ratios and allelic frequencies of the FecB, CLPG and CAST genes were determined by PCR-RFLP method. The results show that the mutant allele B of the FecB gene has a very low frequency among the screened sheep with 0.01 in Bethlehem and 0.07 in Jenin. Also, 94.4% of the tested sheep have the wildtype genotype AA for the CLPG gene with a frequency of 0.95 for allel A. Moreover, the desired heterzygous genotype MN for the CAST gene is 38.4% with an allelic frequency of 0.81 for the mutant allel M. These results would assist establishing sheep breeding programs with the appropriate parental genotypes to improve the livestock sector in the country.

6 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

000929   Rao S S, Sridhar V, Reddy M V S (Agriculture Univ, Telangana, Email: cnu0294@gmail.com) : Study on Selective Mechanization in Kharif Greengram (Vigna radiata L.). Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 99-101.

Greengram is an important short duration crop for rainfed area of Telangana state. Green gram is grown widely for human diet which contains 25% protein, 60% carbohydrate, 1.3% fat and several essential amino acid including lysine and easily digestable. It is also rich in Vitamin A, B1, B2 C and calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Sowing of seed, application of fertilizers and intercultivation operations should be done timely to get the higher yields and monetary returns besides saving of time and labour, which is possible through only by mechanization in greengram.
This experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at Agricultural Research Station, Madhira farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana). The soil of the experimental field was clay loam soil in texture, having alkaline reaction (pH=8.3), EC=0.33 ds m-1, low organic carbon (0.18%) and having low available nitrogen (153 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (42 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (538 kg ha-1). This experiment comprising of two treatments i.e., selective mechanization and normal practice, which was tested by simple t-test at 5% level of significance, non- replicated. Sowing of seed and fertilizer application through seed cum fertilizer drill and intercultivation by tractor drawn implements has shown in good crop growth inturn to get the higher yields and monetary returns besides saving of labour and time in greengram cultivation.

0 illu, 2 tables, 8 ref

000928   Mini V, Lekshmi S (Onattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kerala, Email: minisvilas@gmail.com) : Rice Husk Ash as a Low Cost Soil Ameliorant for Abating Iron Toxicity in Lowland Rice. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 96-8.

The Fe toxicity is a perpetual problem of low lying poorly drained acid soils. It also affects the solubility and availability of most of the plant nutrients, by reducing toxic concentrations of iron, aluminum and manganese. To overcome these constraint, application of lime is inevitable but high cost of liming materials necessitate the use of low-cost, internally sourced, environmentally
friendly and adoptable organic sources. In present study rice husk ash was used as a soil ameliorant in lieu of liming. A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station, Moncompu during 2017-2018 with nine treatments replicated thrice in RBD using rice variety Uma. A customized formulation with composition of K (8.9%), Mg (3.2%), Ca (3.7%), Zn (2.1%), Mn (0.23%), B (3.5%) and Cu (0.96%) was developed based on the available nutrient status of the region and crop requirement and used for supplementary foliar nutrition. It was found that treatment comprising of Soil test based RDF + Rice husk ash @ lime (based on pH) + foliar spray of 0.5% solution of customized formulation @ 5 kg ha-1 as foliar application of 0.5% solution in two splits at maximum tillering and panicle initiation stage was the best treatment in increasing yield by 23% compared to recommended dose of lime and fertilizer application and B:C ratio increased from 1.53 to 1.91. Effect of rice husk ash in ameliorating soil acidity was found to be on par with application of lime based on pH in acid sulphate soils of Kuttanad zone.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

000927   Modi P K, Chavan S M, Verma P D (Fruit Research Station, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Gujarat, Email: pmodi.horti@gmail.com) : Extent of Adoption of “Novel Organic Liquid Nutrients” in Fruits and Vegetable Crops. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 93-5.

 Novel organic liquid Nutrients have been developed based on banana pseudostem comprising of 10 macro and micro nutrients and 2 hormones, which are naturally synthesized. It is developed by Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari in Year 2009-10 under management and value addition of banana pseudostem (NAIP-II) project. To know the extent of adoption of Novel organic liquid nutrients in fruit and vegetable crops, a study was formulated to know the correlation of different factors and characteristics for adoption of the product. This study was conducted in the Vyara, Valod, Songadh and Dolvan blocks of Tapi district of Gujarat through Krishi Vigyan Kendra, NAU, Vyara, Tapi during 2018-19. In the study, the sample size was of 100 respondent were selected through stratified random sampling method and determine the correlation of dependent and independent variable on knowledge and adoption of Novel organic liquid nutrients in fruits and vegetable crops. In this study revealed that the adoption of Novel organic liquid nutrients up to 59 per cent in fruit crops and 76 per cent in vegetables crops among farmers. The data on correlation for extent of adoption of Novel organic liquid nutrients in fruits and vegetable crops were showed significantly results with education, training and knowledge at 5 per cent (0.1965) level of probability

0 illu, 5 tables, 6 ref

000926   Kapupara P J, Bhatu H M, Gohel J (Agricultural Dep, R K Univ, Gujarat, Email: Kapupara36@gmail.com) : Study of the Hydraulic Performance Parameters of the Drip Irrigation System at Various Operating Pressures. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 89-92.

Drip irrigation system is one of the best water application methods that have been used in the world among the other irrigation methods because of its upright and high uniformity and high-water use efficiency. Hydraulic performance evaluation is widely accepted for the evaluation of overall uniformity of a drip irrigation system. In an experimental study carried out at School of Engineering, RK University, Rajkot; hydraulic performance evaluation parameters viz., Pressure discharge relationship, Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CU), manufacturing coefficient of variation (CVm) and emission uniformity (EU) of non-pressure compensating emitters were calculated for 2 lph inline and 2 lph, 4 lph, 8 lph online emitter at various operating pressure of 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 kg/cm2 as per American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASAE) standards. The study concluded that rated discharge of the emitter can be obtained at the operating pressure of 1.0 kg/cm2. Pressure discharge relationship revealed that discharge of the emitter upsurges as pressure rises. CU and EU were more than 95% for all the cases and they were maximum at 1.0 kg/cm2. CVm was less than 0.0200 for all the cases and it was minimum at 1.0 kg/cm2. Study concludes that all the parameter viz., CU, EU and CVm were excellent and very good categories for all emitters as per American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASAE) standards

4 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

000925   Shava J G (Tobacco Research Board, Zimbabwe, Email: gotamigav@yahoo.com) : Stability and Adaptation of New Tobacco Varieties to Three Growing Areas under Rain Fed Conditions in Zimbabwe. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 81-4.

Variety development is a continuous process that caters for the ever changing farmer crop growing conditions. Changing climatic conditions, soil fertility conditions, crop disease and pest regimes as well as farmer agronomic practices require that new varieties adapted to new practices be availed to growers so that they continue to get high yields. Initial variety development processes are carried out by the breeder, usually on station and usually involves aggregation of traits of interest into a genotype with little or no information about the response of the genotype to different farmer cropping situations. However, before the varieties can be recommended to growers, they need to be evaluated in multi-environment trials (MET) in order to identify varieties with broad adaptation for general recommendation and those with specific adaptation for targeted environment production. In order to evaluate the adaptation and stability of newly developed tobacco varieties to three growing locations in Zimbabwe, seven varieties were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replicates at Kutsaga Research Station near Harare, Trelawney and Tengwe over three seasons ranging from 2013 to 2015. The study results showed significant differences among the varieties and locations tested for saleable yield (P<0.05). Of all the varieties tested, T76 was the most stable showing consistently high performance across the seasons and locations tested followed by T75. However, ETH03 was the least stable variety of them all. Unlike what is currently believed in the tobacco industry in Zimbabwe, the variety K RK26 is no longer the most broadly adapted. Based on the study results, the varieties, T76, T75 and ETH06 are stable and, therefore, recommended for growing across the whole of the tobacco farming belt in Zimbabwe.

1 illu, 3 tables, 12 ref

000924   Vijayaprabhakar A, Durairaj S N, Hemalatha M, Joseph M (Agric Engg Coll and Res Insti, Agriculture Insti, Tamil Nadu, Email: a.vijayp@ymail.com) : Study on Residue Management Options in Combine Harvested Rice Field in Relation to Yield and Economic Benefits of Succeeding Rice Crop. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 85-8.

Paddy straw is a good source of plant nutrients. In-situ incorporation of paddy straw affects the growth and development of succeeding rice crop by immobilization of soil available nutrients. To overcome this, paddy straw incorporated with additives and its effect on rice growth and development was studied. A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam during October 2014 to February 2015, to study the residue management options in combine harvested rice and its effect on yield and economic benefits of rice crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised rice residue without and with additives (25 kg additional N ha-1 as basal, bio-mineralizer (2 kg t-1 rice residue), cow dung slurry (5%). The additives applied individually, combination of two and combination of all additives. Different rice residue management practices exerted significant influence on succeeding rice crop. Increased number of productive tillers (409), number of grains per panicle (162), panicle length (23.8 cm), number of filled grains per panicle (132) and spikelet filled percentage (87) was recorded by T8, where straw incorporated with application of 25 kg additional N ha-1 as basal + bio- mineralizer (2 kg t-1 of rice residue) + cow dung slurry (5%). The same treatment recorded highest grain yield of 7395 kg ha-1 and straw yield of 8440 kg ha-1 and it reflected as maximum value of ` 1,13,646 ha-1, 69,079 ha-1 and 2.55 of gross return, net return and B:C ratio, respectively.

0 illu, 4 tables, 28 ref

000923   Fekade M, Bayissa , Nurfeta A (Agriculture and Environmental Science Coll, Debark Univ, Ethiopia, Email: muluyefekade19@gmail.com) : Nutritive Value of Major Browse Species in East Dembia District, Central Gondar, Ethiopia. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 76-80.

Regardless of having ample number of farm animals, its contribution to GDP is limited due to insufficient year round livestock feed supply in terms of quantity and quality, particularly during the dry season. This study was conducted to assess the most commonly used browse species as livestock feed particularly during dry period and to determine their nutritive value from four kebeles of East Dembiya district. Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of respondents. A total of 12 plots of 20m *20m (400m2) were established at an interval of 200m along the transect line to identify and record the available browse species. The leaves and petioles of A. abyssinica, C. africana, F. thonigii, F. sycomorus, V. amygdolina, M. arbutifolia and A. seyal were collected for chemical analysis. General linear model procedure of SAS was used for statistical analysis. The mean CP content of the browse species ranged from 12.13% (F. sycomorus) to 29.74% (V. amygdolina). The IVDMD varied from 38.5% for M. arbutifolia to 71.67% for F. sycomorus. High gas production from immediately soluble component (a) was recorded for C. africana. The gas production from insoluble but potential degradable fraction (b), production potential (a+b) and organic matter digestibility were higher for F. thounigii but low for V. amygdolina. The browse species in the current study could be used as protein supplements to livestock fed on low quality feeds due to their high levels of crude protein, low fiber contents and high digestibility potentials.

1 illu, 4 tables, 28 ref

000922   Adusu D, Abugre S, Dei-Kusi D (Forest Science Dep, UENR, Eastern Region of Ghana, Email: simon.abugre@uenr.edu.gh) : Potential of Biochar for Minesoil Amendment and Floristic Diversity Enhancement at the Yongwa Quarry Site in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 61-5.

Reclamation of degraded and mined lands has become paramount due to exploitation of our resources. The study sought to explore the potential of biochar for amending degraded mined soil and stockpiled topsoil and its ability to enhance plant diversity at the Yongwa quarry site in the eastern region of Ghana. Two separate experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four treatments were allotted randomly within each block for stockpiled topsoil and amended degraded mined soil experiments and replicated three times. Biochar and poultry manure were applied at 0.002 tons per every 2 m x 2 m plot. However, when applied in combination (biochar and poultry manure), they were applied at 0.001 tons of biochar and 0.001 tons of poultry manure per every 2 m x 2 m plot. The results of the study revealed a generally higher nutrient status and species diversity on the plots with amended soils compared to the control. The highest Shannon index (2.04) was recorded on the combined biochar and poultry manure-amended plots while the lowest was recorded on the control plot (1.08). A similar trend was observed on the degraded mined soil amended plots with the combined biochar and poultry manure-amended soil recording the highest Shannon index (2.32) and effective number of species values (10.15) compared to the other amendment plots.

1 illu, 6 tables, 24 ref

000921   Nagegowda N S, Senthivel T (RFS for Fruits, Vegetable and Flower Crops, ICAR-Indian Inst of Horticultural Research, Karnataka, Email: nsngowda2192@gmail.com) : Effect of Fertigation and Mulching on Root Studies and Crop Growth Indices for Seed Production in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 71-5.

Okra is an important vegetable crop in India, Method of fertilization also plays an important role in supplying the nutrient to the plants because, the efficacy of fertilizers applied in soil being low due to various losses and fixation, mainly in area of problematic soil. Water and fertilizers are the two important inputs which are used scientifically and judiciously through precision farming technologies to increase productivity, profitability and nutrient use efficiency in okra seed yield and quality. The experiments were conducted during kharif 2016 and kharif 2017 to study the effect of precision farming technologies including fertigation and black polythene mulching to know the crop growth, yield, quality of seeds and root studies in okra seeds var. Arka Anamika and at ICAR-IIHR Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replication and four treatments each with mulch and on mulch viz., 100:50:75 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 100:50:100 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 T3-150:75:112.5 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 T4-150:75:150 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 compared with soil application treatments. Application of water soluble fertilizer @ T4-150:75:150 NPK kg/ha through fertigation either mulch (14.05q/ha) or non mulch (11.83q/ha) recorded significantly higher seed yield than fertilizer through soil application (9.92 q/ha).Similarly significantly higher value of Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and root character were observed in the NPK fertigation treatment with or without mulch than the soil application of fertilizers (NPK soil application @ 100:50:100kg per ha (T9) and NPK soil application @ 150:75:150kg per ha (T10). Significantly higher root parameter tap root length (21.03cm), average length of primary roots (64.63cm), number of primary roots (10.83 nos), fibrous roots arising from main stem (26 nos) and root dry weight (23.07 g/plant) were recorded in the T4-150:75:150 NPK kg ha-1 through fertigation (W SF) with mulch than the fertigation without mulch and fertilizer applied through soil.

1 illus, 2 table, 17 ref

000920   Mohan M M, Devi S R, Srinivasulu D V , Veeraiah A (Regional Agricultural Research Station, Andhra Pradesh, Email: madan.foru@gmail.com) : Performance Assessment of Cluster Front Line Demonstrations in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for Productivity Enhancement under Rainfed Vertisols of YSR District Andhra Pradesh. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 66-70.

Reclamation of degraded and mined lands has become paramount due to exploitation of our resources. The study sought to explore the potential of biochar for amending degraded mined soil and stockpiled topsoil and its ability to enhance plant diversity at the Yongwa quarry site in the eastern region of Ghana. Two separate experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four treatments were allotted randomly within each block for stockpiled topsoil and amended degraded mined soil experiments and replicated three times. Biochar and poultry manure were applied at 0.002 tons per every 2 m x 2 m plot. However, when applied in combination (biochar and poultry manure), they were applied at 0.001 tons of biochar and 0.001 tons of poultry manure per every 2 m x 2 m plot. The results of the study revealed a generally higher nutrient status and species diversity on the plots with amended soils compared to the control. The highest Shannon index (2.04) was recorded on the combined biochar and poultry manure-amended plots while the lowest was recorded on the control plot (1.08). A similar trend was observed on the degraded mined soil amended plots with the combined biochar and poultry manure-amended soil recording the highest Shannon index (2.32) and effective number of species values (10.15) compared to the other amendment plots.

0 illu, 3 tables, 8 ref

000919   Kaur B, Singh S P, Kingra P K (Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Punjab, Email: bchahal57@gmail.com) : Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on Maize Productivity in Trans-gangetic Plains using Info Crop Model. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 56-60.

Climate change is a nonpareil threat to the food security of hundred millions of people who depends on agriculture for their livelihood. A change in climate affects agricultural production as climate and agriculture are intensely interrelated global processes. Global warming is one of such changes which is projected to have significant impacts on environment affecting agriculture. Agriculture
is the mainstay economy in trans-gangetic plains of India and maize is the third most important crop after wheat and rice. Heat stress in maize cause several changes viz. morphological, anatomical and physiological and biochemical changes. In this study during 2014-2018, impact of climate change on maize yield in future scenarios was simulated using the InfoCrop model. Average maize yield from 2001-15 was collected for Punjab, Haryana and Delhi to calibrate and validate the model. Future climatic data set from 2020 to 2050 was used in the study to analyse the trends in climatic parameters. Analysis of future data revealed increasing trends in maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Rainfall would likely follow the erratic behaviour in Punjab, Haryana and Delhi. Increase in temperature was predicted to have negative impact on maize yield under future climatic scenario.

2 illus, 3 table, 14 ref

000918   Asadova A (Institute of Genetic Resources (IGR), Azerbaijan, Email: almas.i.asadova@gmail.com) : Sources of Economically Valuable Features for Selection of Vigna (Cowpea) in Conditions of Absheron Peninsula. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 49-55.

In recent years, large areas are periodically exposed to drought due to the climate change towards warming. In this regard, there is a need to expand the area of cultivation of drought-resistant leguminous crops. One of these species of interest for cultivation in the central lowlands of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where bean crops are greatly suppressed, is vigna. To date, this culture is not widespread, its biological and energy potential is underestimated. Therefore, the study of morphological and biological characteristics of promising varieties of cowpea in the region and a comprehensive study of the genetic resources of the culture is relevant. The purpose of the research is to study the cowpea collection, to identify forms with economically valuable traits and to create on their basis a new highly productive, technologically advanced, valuable with its quality vigna grain for a selection in the conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The studies were conducted in 2007-2018 at the Institute of Genetic Resources (IGR) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Azerbaijan. 33 samples were used as research material: 9 of them were local forms and 24 were samples obtained from VIR. The vegetation period and resistance to diseases have been studied and the productivity and structure of the harvest have been analyzed. As a result of research, the most high-yielding and high-quality samples K-269, K-257, AzeVİG-2, K-271, K-262, AG-340 were revealed in the studied vigna samples. During the implementation of the breeding program using the results, we have developed a new early ripe, drought-resistant, heat-resistant, disease-resistant and high-yielding variety Ayla by the method of repeated individual selection from the VIR collection. These studies are an important initial study for the subsequent production of new varieties. We hope that this will lead to an increase in the acreage of cowpea in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

7 illus, 0 table, 23 ref

000917   Chowhan S , Ghosh S R, Hoque Md I, Islam M, Nabi K M E (Adaptive Research and Extension Div, Bangladesh Inst of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh, Email: sushan04@yahoo.com) : Yield and Profitability Analysis of Pulse and Oil Seed Based Cropping Patterns against Aman- Boro- Fallow Cropping Systems in Magura. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 42-8.

Bangladesh is one of the densely populated countries in the world. To meet up the increasing food demand there’s no alternative to increase the cropping intensity through high yielding and short duration crop varieties. Currently, cropping system of Bangladesh is mostly rice based which is also the staple food. Therefore, farmers which follow rice-rice based cropping patterns are gaining less profit day by day. Contrary, intensive rice culture is depleting soil properties gradually. Thus, to preserve soil health and increase profit pulse and oil seed based cropping patterns are crucial for sustaining a cropping pattern. This study was undertaken to find out a cropping pattern with higher yield and profit in the context of Magura district. Five cropping patterns, CP1 = Transplanted Aman rice (cv. Binadhan-7)-Mustard (cv. Binasarisha-9)-Boro rice (cv. Binadhan-14); CP2 = T.Aman (cv. Binadhan-16)-Mustard (cv. Binasarisha-10)- Boro (cv. Binadhan-14); CP3 = T.Aman (cv. Binadhan-17)-Mustard (cv. Binasarisha-10)- Boro (cv. Binadhan-14); CP4 =T.Aman (cv. Binadhan-17)- Lentil (cv. Binamasur-8)- Sesame (cv. Binatil-3) and CP5  (Control) = Aman (cv. Shorna) - Boro (cv. Heera) - fallow were assessed to identify the most suitable and profitable pattern as well as to enhance the cropping intensity by adding a pulse or oil seed crop between two rice crops. The investigation was conducted at farmer’s field of Magura during 2018-19. Block farming method was followed for experiment set up. It was revealed that, maximum rice equivalent yield (REY) was obtained from CP1 (14.46 t/ha) followed by CP4 (13.52 t/ha), CP3 (13.35 t/ha), CP2 (13.09 t/ha) and CP5 (11.33 t/ha) during one year crop cycle. Highest gross margin (Tk. 1,90,189) and MBCR (1.83) was obtained from the cropping pattern CP4 and the lowest gross margin (Tk. 69,271) and MBCR (1.24) was found with the
pattern CP5. Based on the above results it can be suggested that, Aman rice-Lentil-Sesame pattern i.e. CP4 may be a best choice for the farmers of Magura region for the maximum utilization of their land and gaining more profit compared to the other studied cropping patterns.

3 illus, 4 table, 31 ref

000916   Dauda T O, Tiamiyu-Ibrahim S (Obaf emi Awolowo Univ, Nigeria, Email: todauda.iart@gmail.com) : Autoregressive Integration Moving Average (ARIMA) Model for Prices of Selected Grains in the South West Nigeria. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 35-41.

Price serves as signals of relative scarcity as well as abundance of a given agricultural product. Prices of agricultural products vary from month to month and even from day to day and this constitutes a source of risk to farmers whose livelihood depends on good pricing of their products. This study was conducted to identify pattern of price dynamics and to develop model for price dynamics of beans, yellow maize and local rice using monthly price data of grains from the National Bureau of Statistics (2006-2015). The rk of the beans followed a regular decline ranging from 0.4035 to 1 while those (rk) of yellow maize and local rice follow non regular decline with the range 0.1448-1(yellow maize) and 0.2945-1 (local rice) thus indicating that the data are non-stationary. The corrected Akaike information criteria (AICC) and other information obtained for the ARIMA1,2,2 were higher than those of ARIMA2,2,2. The AICC obtained for the ARIMA1,2,2 are 958.422 (beans), 1178.169 (yellow Maize) and 1211.778 (local rice). The ARIMA2,2,2 was thence favored above ARIMA1,2,2

6 illus, 4 table, 21 ref

000915   Siwach M , Reena (Economics Dep, Govt. Coll Bhuna, Haryana, Email: dahiyareena123@gmail.com) : An Analysis of Antecedent Causes of Agricultural Distress in Haryana. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 28-34.

Haryana is an agricultural developed state of India but fluctuations in growth rate of agriculture and allied activities are very fast from last two decades. Some symptoms of agrarian distress have been observing in Haryana. In this paper a concrete analysis of prevalent situation to understand the antecedent causes of agriculture distress has been discussed. The study has been made intensive reference to secondary data (from 1966 to 2018). The study has been descriptive in the nature and percentage method has been used to analysis the objectives of the study. The study has concluded that main causes of agricultural distress were cost of all main inputs increased over the long time, an imbalance generated in NPK ratio of consumption of fertilizer, not getting proper remunerative prices; poor infrastructure development process and only few crops were procured by government.

7 illus, 3 table, 10 ref

000914   Mahusook S S , Rajathi F A A, Maharifa H N S, R Sharmila R (Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader Coll for Women, Tamil Nadu, Email: saajida33@gmail.com) : Comparative Study of Agarophytes - Gracilaria edulis and Gelidiella acerosa as Biostimulant and Application of Agar for Water-holding in Soil and Plant Growth Promotion. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 21-7.

Seaweeds and its derivatives are extensively used as biostimulants in horticulture and agriculture as a replacement for chemical fertilizers. G. edulis and G. acerosa are easily cultivable and economically important seaweeds. They are a rich source of phytohormones, amino acids, antibiotics, vitamins, micro, macro elements and agar. Such natural products have great demand and been commercialized these days to promote sustainable agriculture. Dried and finely powdered algal biomass is used directly as a biostimulant. Algal polysaccharides such as agar can be an innovative alternative to synthetic polymers used in horticulture as they contain active biostimulant compounds and also reported to hold water in the soil that aids plant growth with minimum water consumption than usually required. A. aritis being one of the most consumed leafy vegetables throughout the world can be harvested indoors with added nutrients and minimal water utilization. The field trial is a comparative evaluation of the two selected species of agarophytes for promoting plant (A. aritis) growth and the extracted agar tested for germination tests, bio-stimulatory property under water stress. Growth parameters were recorded after three weeks. The agarophytes were also qualitatively screened for phytochemicals and W D-XRF analysis. The present work will be a supplementary contribution for assessing agarophytes with biostimulant properties and the characteristic agar gels that expand plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, thus constituting an alternative to synthetic plant protection products.

5 illus, 2 table, 28 ref

000913   Silva L R da, Figueiredo A R de, Morais L A S de (Food Technology Dep, Federal Rural Univ, Brazil, Email: rodriguesleirson@yahoo.com.br) : Potential of the Jerivá Fruit (Syagrus romanzoffiana C.): Physicochemical and Bioactive Characterization. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 13-2.

Jerivá is a native palm tree from Brazil, very abundant in the rural environment and widely observed in the urban area. Its fruits can be consumed in fresh and drink form. Despite this context there are few studies on the species, especially when portraying the nutritional value of its fruit. This research aims to investigate jerivá fruits in three ripening stages. The fruits were harvested in a domestic orchard in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, in three ripening stages, according to the color: green (green peel), intermediate (yellowish green peel) and ripe (orange peel). The fruits were characterized in terms of physicochemical and bioactive composition. This fruit has a low source of ascorbic acid in all evaluated stages, but has high levels for yellow flavonoids and total extractable polyphenols when mature (23.07 mg/100 g and 596.95 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). Considering the relevance of this fruit species and the few researches at national level, it is necessary to evaluate the physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of the fruits of Jerivá, in order to quantify particularities regarding the detailed composition, guaranteeing its potential for use.

2 illus, 5 tables, 49 ref

000912   Balkrishna A , Sharma J, Sharma H , Mishra S , Singh S, Verma S , Arya V (Patanjali Herbal Research Dep, Patanjali Research Insti, Uttarakhand, Email: vedpriya.arya@prft.co.in) : Agricultural Mobile Apps used in India: Current Status and Gap Analysis. Agric Sci Dig 2021, 41(1), 1-12.

Agriculture plays a significant role in economic and social development in India. W ith the rapid development of Information and Communication Technologies, information and data can be effectively generated, stored and used by farmers to improve agricultural productivity. For this, smart farming technologies using mobile applications (apps) that help reduce costs, maximize yields and increase profits are being employed. Here, we present an overview of several mobile apps available for traceability in agricultural sectors, discuss their features, functions and how they are lacking in some domains. In this study during Aug 2019-Sep 2019, several online databases were used for the survey according to the guidelines for Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. 73 agriculture mobile apps were selected based upon the hits using keywords like “mobile apps, agriculture mobile app, animal husbandry, etc. and with the inclusion criteria of a good review and proper up to date information. These apps were found to be used in different agriculture allied sectors in India. Among these 73 mobile apps used by Indian farmers in various agricultural sectors viz. farm management, fisheries, poultry, livestock and animal husbandry, food traceability and pure agriculture sectors; the respective availability percentage of apps were 12, 14, 14, 23, 23 and 14%. These apps are discussed here in detail along with their gap analysis and a new traceability mechanism has been proposed as well.

7 illus, 5 table, 55 ref

001377   NANDI N C (Social Environmental and Biological Association, Kolkata, Email: nepalchandra.nandi@gmail.com) : Plagiarism vs parasitism: A synthesis of conceptual context. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 39-41.

This short paper is an attempt to compare and contrast plagiarism and parasitism – two widely prevalent scientific as well as social phenomena. The two terms and their associated cases are discussed with respect to their academic and social implications accompanied by the author’s observations and perspective.

13 ref

001376   SEN S (Asutosh Coll, Kolkata- 700 026, Email: supatrasen@gmail.com) : Combating tropical cyclones amphan, yaas and after: Eco-restoration of coastal zones. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 33-8.

The mangrove forests of the Sundarbans provide an important defence in limiting climate change impacts, providing protection to coastal areas from tsunamis and cyclones. For effective ICZM, natural phenomenon of wind and water flow and the interaction with the adaptation procedures of biological systems must be considered. Community-based Ecological Mangrove Restoration (CBEMR) Method supports a holistic, technology-based approach that encourages practitioners mitigate mangrove stressors and facilitate natural mangrove regeneration. By combining traditional and scientific management of coastal ecosystem with mangroves and other plants following triple-tier mechanism and habitat, it is possible to reduce the effects of natural and climate change-induced disasters.

15 ref

001373   BORAL M (Satyapriya Roy Coll of Education, Kolkata, West Bengal, Email: drmousumiboral@gmail.com) : Critical review of ‘class friend’ – A centennial tribute to. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 8-12.

On the centennial celebration of Satyajit Ray's birth, a composition from his precious, pioneering and thoughtful essays depicting countless episodes of daily life and creation have been discussed as a tribute. From his huge contribution to children literature, this particular short story ‘Class Friend’ based on adolescent friendship and interaction and the then sociocultural depiction with critical analysis have been presented in this paper.

8 ref

001372   BANERJEE S N (Plant Physiology Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata- 700 019, Email: sambhunb@rediffmail.com) : Nivedita: religion and society – An impeccable act of civic service by the sister during Calcutta plague pandemic. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 1-7.

From women empowerment through basic education to the faithful companion of the renowned scientist, Dr. J C Bose, Sister Nivedita‟s contribution in the social and literary advancement of the then India had been phenomenal. Her primary task was, however, to propagate the views and religious thoughts of her Master, Swami Vivekananda, for whom she left her family and country to make India her permanent work field. It was not at all a smooth journey for her to translate the message of Swamiji into action as she faced hindrances because of the conservativeness, ignorance and illiteracy prevalent in the Indian society. Margaret arrived on Indian soil on 28th January 1898, when the outbreak of Plague was already raging the Bombay city. Within months of her initiation to Ramakrishna Order, Nivedita was found busy in the relief work of the Plague that had reached Calcutta from Bombay. Nivedita is thus equally remembered for her fearless and untiring service to our society in pandemic management as to her contribution in societal reforms. Her service to the society is steeped in humble submissiveness taught by her master and devoid of any arrogant romanticism, most often shown by the so-called social workers. The present article pays a warm tribute to the dedicated efforts of the „Lady with the Lamp‟ during plague epidemic and seeks to draw inspiration from the sacrifice she made to manage the present crisis due to Covid19.

10 ref

001326   MEDAN R A, AL-DOURI E F S, SAMEEN M R (Horticulture and Landscape Design Dep, Kirkuk Univ, Iraq) : Effect of spraying with different levels of ascorbic acid and yeast extract on the vegetative growth and yield of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.). Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 956-61.

This study was carried out in a private orchard in Daquq district- Kirkuk province on nine-year-old “LeConte” pear trees in 2020 growing season, to investigate the effect of spraying with three levels of ascorbic acid (0, 75 and 150mg l-1, three levels of dry yeast extract (0, 2 and 3 g l-1) and their interactions. The study was conducted according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, one tree was used as an experimental unit. The data were analyzed statistically and the means were compared according to the Duncan polynomial test at 0.05 probability. The results indicated that foliar spray of 150 mg L-1as corbic acid treatment and its combination with yeast extract 3 g l-1 treatment increased significantly the shoot length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, TSS% in fruit, fruit set %, number of fruits per tree, fruit weight and yield of tree and Feddan. On the other hand, Foliar spray of yeast treatments had not affected on any studied characteristics except 3 g L-1 increased statistically TSS% in pear fruit comparison to the control treatment.

2 tables, 31 ref

000840   Christianto V, Smarandache F (Agriculture Institute, Institute of Agriculture, Indonesia, Email: victorchristianto@gmail.com) : Remark on neutrosophy perspective on blue ocean shift. Agric Bio Res 2021, 37(1), 1-3.

In recent years, there is an alternative scheme in corporate strategy discourse, called Blue Ocean (shift) Strategy by W. Chan Kim and R. Mauborgne (2004). In this paper we offer a new insight based on Neutrosophic Logic perspective, which combines red ocean and blue ocean, while a company moves forward and shift to blue ocean space.

1 table, 6 ref

001146   RINIWATI H, HARAHAB N, ABIDIN Z (Fisheries and Marine Socio-Economic Dep, Brawijaya Univ, Indonesia) : Sustainability analysis of coastal village development Program in Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 323-31.

The Resilient Coastal Village Development Program is an Indonesian government program conducted by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia to provide impetus for the advancement of coastal villages in Indonesia. People feel the benefits of the program, but because of political changes in Indonesia the program has been stopped. The coastal villages of Malang Regency are eager to continue the program independently. The purpose of this research were to know and analyze the condition of each sustainability dimension the Resilient Coastal Village Development in coastal village of Malang Regency. The method used is Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis using Rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) software. The results showed that the main dimensions of particular attention were institutional (35.84), ecological (39.31), and socio-economic (43.01).

7 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

001130   ANDREYCHEV A (National Research Mordovia State Univ, Saransk- 68, Russia) : Distribution and population density forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula, Rodentia, Gliridae) in a region of the Middle Volga, Russia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 369-73.

Populations of the forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula, Pallas 1778) are widespread across Europe and southwestern Asia, but their population density near human homes has is insufficient, and extremely scarce in the Russia. We studied population density of the forest dormouse in the Middle Volga, where forest dormice in 2013-2019 were recorded in 30% of investigated biotopes, being 4–70 ha in size. In Mordovia, the average densities of the local population were 2.4 ind./ha. The abundance of the local population was stable, and the sex ratio was approaching 1:1 among all individuals. One-year-old dormice comprised more than 50% of the population. Our data indicate that the home area of forest dormouse near human houses is within a radius of less than 100 m from the houses. This data is less than for the forest. This indicates that the animals next to humans artificially reduce their home area, as they are fully provided with food resources.

2 illus, 30 ref

001129   JABBAR M K, HASAN H A (Al-Qasim Green Univ, Iraq) : Response of Avena sativa L. intercropping with Egyptian clover to different planting density and distances in green fodder yield. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 365-8.

The experiment was conducted during winter of the season 2019-2020 in the fields of the field crops department – Agriculture college / Al-qasim green university, to investigate the response of green fodder yield to planting density and plant distances, A factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications was used, first factor was included plant density : D1 (50% oat = 60 kg ha^-1 + 50% berseem = 20 kg ha^-1), D2 (60% oat = 72 kg ha^-1 + 40% berseem = 16 kg ha^-1) and D3 (40% oat = 48 kg ha^-1 + 60% berseem = 24 kg ha^-1), second factor was included : A1 (15 cm among lines) and A2 (30 cm among lines). The treatment (D2) was superior in leaf area, chlorophyll content, green fodder yield and percentage of protein while (D3) was superior in number leaves per plant, treatment (A2) was superior in all study traits, A linear relationship was found between planting density with plant distances was found in treatment (D2 × A2) in leaf area, number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content and green fodder yield while the treatment (D2 × A1) was superior in percentage of protein.

2 tables, 14 ref

001126   PRAYOGO C, ISHAQ R M, ANWAR M K, SUPRAYOGO D, ANSHORI C, ASMARA Y, SAHARI B, HAIRIAH K (Soil Science Dep, Brawijaya Univ, Indonesia) : Diversity, vegetation structure and C stocks of inundated riparian forest protected from conversion to oil palm in C. Kalimantan. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 347-58.

Riparian zone of conservation forests that buffer stream flow by periodic inundation deserve to be protected from conversion to plantation crops. In this study, C storage and tree diversity was quantified for 5 pools (above-ground tree biomass, understorey, necromass, root and soils) in inundated and non-inundated parts of conservation forest set aside by PT AMR (Anugerah Menara Rahmat), Central Kalimantan. We estimated C stock in the forest using RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal) method in inundated and non-inundated forest sites in 4 replicates in 3 locations. Tree biomass of mixed deciduous forest trees was calculated using allometric equation. A specific allometric equation was developed for Pandanus sp. y= 0.002 x 4.023 (R² = 0.903). Total C stock in inundated forest was to be 325 ton ha^-1, considerably higher than that in non-inundated conditions: 144 ton ha^-1. Drainage of these riparian forests may thus cause substantial C emissions if it leads to a change in forest type. Trees with DBH > 30 cm were more frequent been found in the inundated ecosystem, but all C pools ecosystem (313 Mg C ha^-1) were 50% higher compare to those non-inundated plots (143 Mg C ha^-1). Bulk density in the inundated ecosystem was 0.5-0.8 g cm^-3, significantly lower than that in non-inundated plots (0.8-1.3 g cm^-3). The inundated forest was dominated by Shorea balangeran, Callicarpa havilandii, Baccaurea edulis and Polyalthia xanthopetala, while Schima wallichii, Hevea brasiliensis and Macaranga gigantean were frequently observed in non-inundated forest. In total 1017 species were recorded in the inundated forest and 1191 species in non-inundated forest. The diversity and similarity indices differed significantly (p3.0 of non-inundated. Thus, differences in carbon stocks were not matched directly by differences in tree diversity, and conservation is needed of both inundated and non-inundated forest types.

9 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref