ISA

047536 CHATTERJEE M, RAO U (Nematology Dep, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, Email: umanema@gmail.com, umarao@iari.res.in>) : An economical approach for production of double stranded RNA for RNAi gene silencing in management of Meloidogyne incognita. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (1), 80 - 4.

Meloidogyne incognita, a sedentary and obligate endoparasite is one of the most economically important nematodes globally. Non - chemical based nematode control strategies have gained significant importance due to either nonavailability or restrictions on use of synthetic chemical nematicides in many countries. In this direction, genomics based molecular approaches like RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing either by in vitro or in planta delivery of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been established as a very promising strategy for its management of M. incognita. In vitro RNAi required the synthesis of dsRNA by transcription using expensive commercially available kits. In the present study, it employed a bacterial based approach to synthesize dsRNA of Miflp - 14 gene, as an alternative lowcost method using Escherichia coli strain HT115. This alternate approach is convenient to synthesize large quantities of dsRNA and more economical compared to that of synthesis using commercial kits. For this, it was cloned a 284 bp of Miflp - 14 fragment into RNAi vector L4440, bidirectionally flanked by T7 promoter and transformed into RNaseIII deficient E. coli strain HT115 and synthesized dsRNA of Miflp - 14 using the commercial kit. M. incognita J2s were soaked in the dsRNA synthesized by both methods for inducing RNAi of Miflp - 14. RNAi silencing was confirmed by qRT - PCR analysis. The extent of down regulation of Miflp - 14 expression obtained through soaking of M. incognita J 2s in bacterially expressed dsRNA was comparable to that of in vitro transcription kit - synthesized dsRNA.

4 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

Eco - friendly management of Meloidogyne incognita in Okra through AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) and neem oil cake

MOHAPATRA A, MAHALIK J K, DASH B K, SAMAL B K

Estimation of residual toxicity of Acephate on Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. under Semi Arid region of Rajasthan

JAT S M, BALODA A S, SHARMA P, JAT S L, PINJARA I M

Appearance of Cotton leaf curl disease begomovirus avirulent strains associated with a lower disease incidence in Delhi

DUHAN M, GUPTA S, BHATTACHARYYA U K, PALCHOUDHURY S, BISWAS K K

Effect of bio - pesticides against Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) in Green gram

MEENA R K, MEENA R K, ANOKHE A, SINGH U, MEENA M L, MEENA B L, MEENA M K

Efficacy of fungicides for management of banded leaf and sheath blight of Kodo millet caused by Rhizoctonia solani K?hn

JAIN A K, JOSHI R P

Potential Bacillus strains having plant growth promoting and volatile activity against pathogens of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

PANDEY N, SHARMA O P

In vitro efficacy of fungicides and bioagents against Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. Cubense

NIWAS R, CHAND G, AZAD C S

Efficacy of selected botanicals in cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on Wheat straw

JAMIR T, SIMON S, LAL A A

Distribution and incidence of Huanglongbing in Citrus reticulata cv. Kinnow mandarin in Punjab

GUPTA S, THIND S K, PALCHOUDHURY S, MULANI E, BISWAS K K

Evaluation of antifungal activity of Bacillus spp. against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani in Chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.)

MAMTA, SINGH M, PANDEY N

Isolation and identification of Trichoderma spp. through ITSPCR from Chick pea growing areas of Andhra Pradesh

NAGAMANI P, BHAGAT S, VISWANATH K, BISWAS M K

Evaluation of Insecticides against Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker in Clusterbean

MEENA R K, MEENA R K, ANOKHE A, SINGH U, MEENA M L, MEENA B L, MEENA M K

Efficacy of certain indigenous botanical herbs against Rattus rattus

BORAH R K

Field Evaluation of insecticide molecules against pest complex of Cabbage

MANDAL S K, BARUN, MANDAL R K

Bio - efficacy of insecticides against Thrips tabaci on Onion and adverse effect on natural enemy

YADAV D, KHINCHI S K, SHARMA P, JANGIR H

Validation of non - chemical IPM and INM technologies for Onion (Allium cepa L.) in a farmers? driven approach

SARDANA H R, BHAT M N, CHOUDHARY M

Evaluation and phytotoxicity of Imidacloprid (600FS) on Chilli thrips as seed treatment

KUMAR R, AHUJA A, NAQVI A R

Influence of intercrops in coconut on encarsia guadeloupae viggiani parasitization of rugose spiralling whitefly aleurodicus rugioperculatus martin

ELANGO K, NELSON S J

The effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic treatments on egg production and egg characteristics in brown nick hens during the last stage of production in winetr season

SALEM F M, DAYEM A A A E

047335 SALEM F M, DAYEM A A A E (Animal and Poultry Nutrition Dep, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Email: omar.askar2007@yahoo.com) : The effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic treatments on egg production and egg characteristics in brown nick hens during the last stage of production in winetr season . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13(2), 001 - 15.

The egg production trajectory of laying hens starts with the age of sexual maturity, and then ascends the peak, followed by regression in the last phase of production cycle in conjunction with quality deterioration making the enterprise commercially unsustainable to the breeder. It is more pronounced in winter season due to non - availability of required metabolic energy for maintenance of body temperature and sustenance of egg production. This study attempts to moderate it through administration of nutritional supplements, such as probiotic (Bio - plus2B?), and prebiotic (Techno Mos?) individually or in combination (synbiotic), focusing on the evaluation of (1) Hen - day egg production (%), egg weight (g) and daily egg mass (g); (2) Body weight (g) and body weight gain (g); (3) Feed intake (g/hen/day) and feed efficiency (feed intake/egg mass); (4) Egg quality in terms of egg weight (g), egg shape index (%), albumen (%), yolk (%), yolk/albumen ratio and haugh unit; (5) Shell quality in terms of shell weight (g), shell (%), shell thickness (mm), shell surface area (cm2), SWUSA (mg/cm2), and shell density (g/cm3); (6) Chemical composition of inner egg components (yolk & albumen) in terms of protein (%), fat (%) and GE (kcal/kg), and (7) Economic efficiency of feed (%) and net return (LE.) /kg eggs in eighty H&N Brown Nick laying hens in their last phase of production (65 - 74 weeks of age) under winter conditions in south Sinai desert of Egypt. The hens were randomly divided into 4 equal treatment groups with 10 replicates per treatment and 2 hens per replicate. These treatments were T1 (control), T2 (Probiotic: 1g Bio - plus2B? / 1kg diet), T3 (Prebiotic: 1g Techno Mos? / 1kg diet) and T4 (Synbiotic: 1g Bio - plus2B? along with 1g Techno Mos? / 1kg diet). The results indicated positive and significant (P<0.001) superiority of the experimental treatments particularly the probiotic (T2) treatment on hen - day egg production (%) and daily egg mass (g), over the control group. The improvement in feed efficiency in terms of feed intake / daily egg mass were significantly (P<0.001) higher in T2, T3 and T4 groups compared to the control (T1) indicating the advantage of supplements. The gross energy content (kcal/kg) of the inner egg components (yolk & albumen) for hens fed on probiotic containing diet (T2) was higher (P<0.05) than other three treatments (T1, T3, T4). Feed cost / kg eggs (LE. 12.67) was the lowest in probiotic (T2) group, while the net return / kg eggs (LE. 6.33) was the highest in this group (T2) compared to the other three groups (T1, T3, T4). It is concluded that dietary supplementation of probiotic (1g Bio - plus2B? / 1kg feed) excelled other treatments in enhancing egg production (%), egg mass (g), gross energy (GE) content (kcal / kg) of the inner egg components, feed efficiency (g), economic efficiency of feed (%) and net return (LE.)/1kg eggs in Brown Nick hens during the last stage of egg production in winter season.

3 illus, 6 tables, 54 ref

Impact of heat stress on physiological, hematological, biochemical, electrolytic, immunologic and antioxidant parameters in baladi and shami goats of Egypt

YOUNIS F E

047334 YOUNIS F E (Animal Physiology Dep, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Email: alphayounis@gmail.com) : Impact of heat stress on physiological, hematological, biochemical, electrolytic, immunologic and antioxidant parameters in baladi and shami goats of Egypt . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13(1), 21 - 39.

Livestock undergo various kinds of stresses that affect their productivity, out of which thermal stress is the most critical factor for desert animals, particularly goats grazed exclusively on range under extensive system. This study was conducted during summer season (June to September, 2016) on Baladi and Shami female goats of Egypt to assess the effect of heat stress on their physiological, biochemical, electrolytic, immunologic and antioxidant parameters. Forty female goats (twenty Baladi and twenty Shami goats) aged about 2 - 4 years and weighing 23.5 - 33.5 kg, were used for this experiment. Animals were divided into 4 groups (ten from each breed). One group in each breed (n=10) was exposed to solar radiation (experimental) in the courtyard, while the other group (unexposed) was kept in shade that served as control. The temperature - humidity index (THI), calculated on the basis of daily ambient temperature and relative humidity at 6 AM and at 2 PM indicated thermal stress in the afternoon (THI = 87.05) in exposed goats. Physiological parameters indicated that thermal stress significantly elevated (P ? 0.05) coat temperature (CT), rectal temperature (RT), and respiration rate (RR). Breed difference was non - significant (P ? 0.05). Hematological parameters indicated that thermal stress enhanced (P ? 0.05) erythrocyte cell (RBC) counts, and depressed (P ? 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) counts, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT) values and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Breed differences were observed with respect to RBC, RNG, HGB, HCT and MCHC. Baladi had higher (P ? 0.05) values of HGB, HCT and MCHC than Shami. Biochemical parameters indicated that the level of alanine amino transferase (ALT) increased (P ? 0.05), while glucose, total lipids and cholesterol concentrations decreased (P ? 0.05) due to thermal stress. Breed differences were observed with respect to urea, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, total protein and albumin. The levels were higher (P ? 0.05) in Shami than in Baladi with respect to all the parameters except glucose, which was higher (P ? 0.05) in Baladi than in Shami. Blood electrolytes indicated that Sodium (Na+) concentration decreased (P ? 0.05), while Potassium (K+) and Chloride (Cl - ) concentrations increased (P ? 0.05) due to thermal stress. Baladi had higher (P ? 0.05) concentration of potassium and chloride than Shami. Immunological parameters indicated that level of cytokines, e.g., Interlukin - 1 (IL - 1) and Interlukin - 6 (IL - 6) increased (P ? 0.05) due to thermal stress. The value of IL - 1 was higher (P ? 0.05) in Baladi than in Shami. The findings of this study have significant implications for goat breeders, e.g., Bedouins and nomadic goat rearers in protecting their animals from solar radiation (heat stress), to safeguard their health and productivity, while roaming incessantly in search of pastures in a thermally stressful desert environment.

6 tables, 54 ref

Effect of linseed oil beads and vitamin - e supplementation on growth, carcass characters, and blood and intramuscular lipid profile in damascus growing male goats

ESSAWY A M E

047333 ESSAWY A M E (Animal and Poultry Nutrition Dep, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Email: abeerateek@hotmail.com) : Effect of linseed oil beads and vitamin - e supplementation on growth, carcass characters, and blood and intramuscular lipid profile in damascus growing male goats . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13(1), 40 - 61.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of linseed oil beads (LOB) and vitamin E supplementation on nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, growth, feed conversion efficiency, blood biochemicals, carcass characters, and blood and intramuscular lipid profile of longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle in Damascus growing male goats. Fifteen Damascus growing male goats (120 days old) of 16.57 ? 2.03 kg average body weight were assigned to 3 groups of 5 animals each with three different dietary treatments on dry matter basis: (1) Control diet (CTRL / T1) with 50:50 of forage to concentrate ratio offered as a basal diet to all animals. (2) Experimental diet - 1 (LOB / T2) comprised of control diet (T1) fortified with linseed oil beads (2.5 gm d - 1 goat - 1) and (3) Experimental diet - 2 (LOBE / T3) comprised of T2 diet fortified with 600 IU of vitamin E (? - tocopherol acetate) @ d - 1 goat - 1. Diets were offered ad libitum daily once for a 95 - day period. Digestibility trial was conducted for 10 days (4 goats / group), and at the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered for evaluation of carcass characters and determination of meat FAs profile of LL muscle. The results showed non - significant (P ? 0.05) differences between the treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) in respect of nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, growth, feed conversion efficiency, and ruminal parameters. LOB supplementation significantly (P ? 0.05) depressed some plasma metabolites (cholesterol and total lipids) over the control, while total lipids in LOBE decreased (P ? 0.05) over both the control and LOB. Some of the plasma unsaturated fatty acids (C12:0, Lauric acid; C15:0, Pentadecanoic acid; C16:0 and Heptadecanoic acid) were reduced in (P ? 0.05) in LOB, while the latter two were reduced (P ? 0.05) in LOB and LOBE. ?MUFA and ?n - 3 were increased (P ? 0.05), while ?PUFA and ?n - 6 were decreased (P ? 0.05) both in LOB and LOBE groups. There was no significant difference (P ? 0.05) in carcass characters between the treatment groups, while chemical composition of LL muscle indicated decrease (P ? 0.05) in fat (%) and increase (P ? 0.05) in LL area in LOB compared to the control. Fatty acid composition of LL muscle showed increase (P ? 0.05) of ?n - 3 and decrease (P ? 0.05) of ?n - 6 / ?n - 3 ratio, in LOB, considered as nutritional value indicators for human health (WHO/FAO). It is concluded that LOB supplementation has positively contributed to production of healthy meat for human consumption, while LOBE had no advantage over LOB.

10 tables, 72 ref

Effect of flax seed supplementation on milk production, chemical composition, physical attributes and fatty acid profile of milk in lactating goats of halayeb - shalateen - abu ramad triangle of Egypt

IBRAHIM A H, YOUNIS F E, ABDEEN E M M, SHAFEI S M E

047332 IBRAHIM A H, YOUNIS F E, ABDEEN E M M, SHAFEI S M E (Animal Breeding and Poultry Dep, , Cairo, Egypt, Email: alaa.drc@gmail.com) : Effect of flax seed supplementation on milk production, chemical composition, physical attributes and fatty acid profile of milk in lactating goats of halayeb - shalateen - abu ramad triangle of Egypt . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13(1), 001 - 20.

Production and composition of goat milk, especially fatty acids profile are important factors that influence the economic upshot, nutritivity and health prospective of the product. There is an increasing thrust on research for evolving dairy products with reduced saturated fatty acids (SFAs) responsible for undesirable hyper - cholesterolemic effects culminating in hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cancer in humans. Earlier research works have revealed that milk fat composition can be altered through dietary interventions. This work focuses on the effect of dietary supplementation of flax seed (whole) to lactating desert goats of Egypt on milk production, chemical composition, physical properties and fatty acid profiles of milk, since there is dearth of desired information on this subject. Twenty lactating local desert goats were randomly distributed into two groups, viz., control group and experimental group (n=10) for the experiment. The lactating goats were let out for grazing on the natural pastures during day, and received supplemental feeding of concentrate mixtures @ 500 gm/ head (NRC, 2007) in equal amounts twice daily at 06.00 h and at 16.00 h. The concentrate mixture in the diet of the experimental goats was replaced with 14 % whole flax seed (Linumusitatissimum L). Goats were milked by hand twice daily for 12 weeks for estimation of average daily milk yield, chemical composition (Fat %, Protein%, Lactose %, Ash%, SNF %, TS %), physical attributes (Sp. Gr., Freezing point, pH, Conductivity) in different weeks (1, 4, 8, and 12), along with fatty acid profile as percentage of the total fatty acids in milk. Results indicated that the average daily milk yield (g/animal/day - 1) of FS supplemented goats in week 1 (569.0?48.8) was higher (P ? 0.05) than the control by a margin of 48.5%. There were no differences (P ? 0.05) in milk yields as well as energy corrected milk yields between the groups in other weeks and over the experimental period. The FS supplemented group showed higher (P ? 0.05) proportions over the control in respect of protein (3.77?0.18 vs. 3.43?0.22), lactose (4.56?0.25 vs. 4.32?0.15), SNF (9.16?0.28 vs. 8.56?0.28) and TS (12.59?0.55 vs. 12.01?0.33), but lower freezing point ( - 0.57?0.06 vs. - 0.53?0.06, Celsius). FS supplementation diminished (P ? 0.05) ?saturated fatty acids (64.12?0.23) and enhanced (P ? 0.05) ?unsaturated fatty acids (3.38?0.036) in milk over the control. In addition, there was increase (P ? 0.05) in Omega - 6/Omega - 3 FAs (2.39?0.001) and reduction (P ? 0.05) of total conjugated linoleic acid (1.79?0.013) in the milk of goats fed on FS supplemented diet. It may be concluded form this study that dietary supplementation of flax seeds to lactating goats would enhance milk production and its nutritivity, beneficial for boosting growth and immunity of neonatal kids and help in promotion of stink free and health bolstering dairy products through moderation of harmful hyper - cholesterolemic effects of high level of LDL cholesterol in milk.

4 tables, 60 ref

Macropathological, histopathological and microbial scenario of a pasteurella infected surti buffalo

ATUL U, PRITI P V, D, PATEL J M, PATEL, J H, MAKWANA, P M

047313 ATUL U, PRITI P V, D, PATEL J M, PATEL, J H, MAKWANA, P M (Veterinary Pathology Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari - 396 450, Gujarat, Email: at.atul.94@gmail.com) : Macropathological, histopathological and microbial scenario of a pasteurella infected surti buffalo . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13 (4), 25-Sep.

Pasteurellosis is a dreaded infectious disease of domestic and wild bovids caused by gram negative pasteurella microorganisms, particularly Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. It is endemic among Indian buffaloes. However, breed vulnerability on the incidence of the disease in buffaloes have not been reported except a case report on Murrah buffaloes in an organized farm in West Bengal (India). The case fatality rate has been reported to be very high (75%). This paper elucidates the autopsy results, containing the macropathological, histopathological and microbial scenario of a pasteurella infected 4 years old female Surti buffalo carcass, presented for postmortem examination (PME) to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat in March, 2019. The clinical history of the case portrayed high fever, anorexia, profuse salivation, throat swelling, recumbence, and protruded tongue before death. Macropathological findings revealed accumulation of edematous gelatinous fluid in throat region with consolidated, reddened and thickened interlobular septa. Heart was severely congested with focal ecchymoses on epicardium and endocardium. Myocarditis with necrosis and bacterial emboli indicated septicemia in the deceased animal. Liver was pale and friable with multifocal necrotic areas. Fibrinous inflammation was noted on peritoneum and serosal surface of intestines. Histopathological examination revealed fibrinous suppurative bronchopneumonia with inflammatory cells inside the alveoli and interalveolar septa of the lungs. Bacterial colonies surrounded by inflammatory cells were noticed at various places along with the thickened interlobular septa of the lungs. In a few areas, severe hemorrhages and congestions were also noticed. Histological section of heart revealed multiple necrotic foci with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Impression smears from heart, lungs, liver and spleen were subjected to Giemsa?s stain, which revealed numerous typical bipolar organisms suggestive of Pasteurella spp. Microscopic examination of the cultured bacterial colonies on blood agar, biochemically confirmed that the organisms belonged to Pasteurella spp. Based on clinical signs, macropathological, histopathological and microbiological examinations, the case was confirmed to be Pasteurellosis, which is an unique report in Surti buffalo.

4 illus, 11 ref

Biocontrol of Helminthosporium oryzae with Trichoderma sp

SURYAWANSHI B G, RANE V I