011578   Chowdhury N (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032) : Unsupervised text classification method using Kohonen's self-organizing network. J Instn Engrs-Pt CP 2007, 88(Nov), 28-31.

A text classification method using Kohonen 's self organizing network is presented here. The proposed method can classify a set of text documents into a number of classes, depending on their contents where the number of such classes is not known a priori. Necessary morphological analysis to extract the root words from the given set of texts is carried out to form the pattern vector for classification. Text documents from various faculties of games are considered for experimentation. The method has been found to pro vide satisfactory results for large size data.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

011577   Chawla A;Mukherjee S;Iyer S K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, IIT, New Delhi) : Use of optimisation to position dummies in crash simulations. J Instn Engrs-Pt MC 2008, 89(July), 42-6.

Positioning of a motorcyclist dummy model for carrying out car-motorcycle crash simulations has been a critical issue in understanding the kinematics of the motorcyclist. The present work has outlined an approach to position model of a human dummy used in a motor cycle crash tests. The motorcyclist anthropometric test device (MATD) has used which was based on experimentally measured co-ordinates for car-motorcycle crash simulations. An optimisation technique has been used which minimised an error function. The dummy points thus obtained have been compared with the experimental positions recorded.

4 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

011576   Chandan Kumar;Rai P;Ratan S (Mining Engg Dep, BHU, Varanasi-221 005) : Powder factor measurement in the field scale blasts - a practical approach. Indian Min Engng J 2007, 46(2-3), 13-18.

The importance of powder factor (PF) has been of immense importance in the field of fragmentation by blasting. Quick, accurate and precise PF measurement is essential for any mining project. However, the rationalization and universalization of suitable methods for measuring and evaluating the PF for field scale blasts is impending. Proposes to measure and evaluate the PF for dragline blasts by patch area measurement method for an Indian opencast coal mine.

7 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

011575   Bhunia C T (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Indian School of Mines Univ, Dhanbad-826 004) : Few modified ARQ techniques- simulation studies there of. J Instn Engrs-Pt CP 2007, 88(Nov), 3-8.

Backward error correction (BEC) techniques are used to combat error in the computer and data networks. There are several modifications to improve the performance of basic BEC techniques. Recently a number of modified techniques have been introduced and intensive studies have been made on them. The performance of the proposed techniques have been studied using simulation models. It is found that the results of simulation studies confirm the improved performance of the proposed techniques.

5 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

011574   Bhattacharjee R;Sharma D D (NO, , P.W.D. (R), Meghalaya) : Rehabilitation of simsang bridge at Baghmara. Indian Highw 2008, 36(12), 41-55.

The Elastomeric bearings were extensively used in the construction of bridges during the last few decades. Many of them are showing various signs of distress either due to inadequate design provisions or faulty construction, or faulty manufacture of the Neoprene Bearings requiring replacement after few years of service. In most of the cases replacement becomes difficult due to non availability of lifting place over the pier/abutment cap. If mandatory periodical maintenance is not done, angle iron type expansion joints also gets damaged after a few years of use due to natural causes including dislodgement of the joint from the concrete. Replacement of expansion joints requires full/partial closing of bridge for the traffic. The bridge over Simsang in Meghalaya State which was constructed in the year 1975 had faced similar problem for which rehabilitation work had be carried out as formulated by the department.

16 illus

011573   Ansari J A;Dubey S K;Singh P;Vishvakarma B R; Khan R U (Electronics and Communication Dep, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Email: jaansari@rediffmail.com) : Gunn loaded microstrip antenna with parasitic elements. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2009, 38(2), 116-21.

An analysis of Gunn loaded patch with parasitic elements at radiating edges of the patch has been carried out using equivalent circuit concept for different values of bias voltage and threshold voltage. It is observed that addition of parasitic elements improves the band of operation to 400 MHz (bandwidth 4.48%, center frequency 8.95 GHz) as compared to 297 MHz (bandwidth 3.06%, center frequency 8.90 GHz) for Gunn loaded patch. Antenna also shows tunability of 50 MHz for bias voltage from 8 to 15 V for a given threshold voltage of 4.4 V and exhibits enhanced radiation by 0.5833 dB as compared to patch alone. Various parameters of the antenna are compared with simulated data using IE3D.

011572   Agarwal P;Verma V K (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, U A 247 667) : Parameter coordination of microcomputer controlled CSI fed induction motor drive. J Instn Engrs-Pt EL 2007, 88(Dec), 25-34.

Describes an improved design of speed and current PI controllers of a microcomputer controlled current source inverter fed induction motor drive for smooth speed control and stable operation. The small perturbation about the steady state operating condition is used to develop the linearized characteristic equation of the system. The D -partition technique is applied in z - domain for finding the probable stable region in parameter plane. Experimental results are also given to confirm the design.

18 illus, 8 ref

010481   Vishwakarma C B;Prasad R (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Email: cbv_gkv@yahoo.co.in) : Order reduction using the advantages of differentiation method and factor division algorithm. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 447-51.

Presents a combined method for order reduction of linear dynamic high order systems using the advantages of the differentiation method and factor division algorithm. The denominator of the reduced order model is obtained by the differentiation method and the numerator coefficients of the reduced order model are determined by the factor division algorithm. The reduction procedure is simple and efficient. The proposed algorithm has been extended for the order reduction of linear stable multivariable system. Two numerical examples arc solved to illustrate the proposed combined method and integral square error is calculated between original and reduced order models using MATLAB software.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

010480   Sunitha N V;Dodagoudar G R;Rao B N (Civil Engineering Dep, I.I.T. Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: suni_nv@yahoo.com ) : Fuzzy meshless method for beams on elastic foundation. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 119-39.

11 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

010479   Robinson R G;Shilpa D (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: robinson@iitm.ac.in) : Equal strain consolidation of clays under radial drainage. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 204-20.

11 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

010478   Reddy B V;Burman A;Maity D (NO, , Structures, WS Atkins (India) P.Ltd., Bangalore-560 009, Email: dmaity@civil.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Seismic response of concrete gravity dams considering foundation flexibility. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 187-203.

6 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

010477   Ravichandran P T;Ilamparuthi K (School of Civil Engineering, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: ptrsrm@yahoo.com) : Uplift behaviour of strip anchor in sand and reinforced sand beds. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 156-70.

15 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

010476   Ramakrishna A N;Pradeepkumar A V (Civil Engineering Dep, A.I.T., Chikmagalur-577 102, Email: rkcivil_ait@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of compaction moisture content on UCS and CBR of RHA-lime stabilized BC soil. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 140-55.

13 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

010475   Pul S (Civil Engineering Dep, Karadeniz Technical Univ, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, Email: spul@ktu.edu.tr) : Experimental investigation of tensile behaviour of high strength concrete. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 467-72.

In the design of structures, it is necessary to know about the tensile strength as well as the compressive strength and durability, which are considered to be the most important properties of concrete. In study, 44-81 MPa high strength concretes are produced. The uniaxial tensile, split tensile and flexural tensile tests are conducted and the relationships between the respective tensile strengths are investigated.

9 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

010474   Mittal N D;Jain N K (Applied Mechanics Dep, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462 007, Email: ndmittal@yahoo.com) : Effect of fibre orientation on stress concentration factor in a laminate with central circular hole under transverse static loading. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 452-8.

The effect of fibre orientation (0) on stress concentration factor (SCF) in a rectangular composite laminate with central circular hole under transverse static loading has been studied by using finite clement method. The percent variations in deflection with fibre orientation are also compared with deflection in laminate without hole. Studies are carried out for three D/A ratios (where D is hole diameter and A is plate width). The results are obtained for four different boundary conditions. Three different types of materials are used for whole analysis to find the sensitivity of stress concentration with elastic constants. A finite element study is made for whole analysis of laminate with a central hole under transverse static loading.

11 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

010473   Mehta R C (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore 639 798, Singapore, Email: drrakhab.mehta@gmail.com) : Computations of flow field over Apollo and Orex reentry modules at high speed. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 459-66.

Describes a numerical simulation of the viscous How past the Apollo and the OREX (Orbital Reentry Experiments) Configurations for freestream Mach numbers range of 1.2-5.0. The flow fields over the reentry module are obtained by solving time-dependent, axisymmetric, compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The fluid mechanics equations arc discretized in spatial coordinate employing a finite volume method, which reduces the governing equations to semi-discretized ordinary differential equations. Temporal integration is carried out using a two-stage Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme. A local time-stepping is used to obtain the steady state solution. The numerical simulation is done on a single-blocked structured grid. The flow field features around the reentry capsules such as bow shock wave, sonic line, expansion fan and recirculating flow in the base-shell region are well captured by the present numerical computation. A low pressure is observed immediately downstream of the base which is characterized by a low-speed recirculating flow region, which can be attributed to fill-up in the growing space between the shock wave and the reentry module. The effects of the module geometrical parameters, such as radius of the spherical cap radius, shoulder radius, cone angle and back shell inclination angle on the flow field, which will provide a useful input for the optimization of the reentry module.

8 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

010472   Katiyar H;Paul B S;Bhattacharjee R (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Email: h.katiyar@iitg.ernet.in) : User cooperation in TDMA wireless system. IETE Tech Rev 2008, 25(5), 270-6.

Reliability of radio link is limited, owing to path loss, shadowing and multi-path fading. This necessitates the use of a certain type of diversity. In recent years, cooperative diversity has gained considerable attention. Wireless nodes cooperate in such a way that they share their antennas and other resources, to create a virtual array through distributed transmission and signal processing. This increases coverage and reduces transmitted power, thereby bringing down co-channel interference, which results in increased system capacity. Gives an overview of the state of art of various cooperation schemes and issues related to their implementation.

8 illus, 27 ref

010471   Juvekar M S;Pise P J (Minor Irrigation Dep, Govt. of Maharashtra, Shivajinagar, Pune-411 005, Email: juvekar_mandar@yahoo.co.in) : Behaviour of rigid batter piles and pile groups subjected to horizontal load in sand. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 221-42.

22 illus, 19 ref

010470   Joshi G P;Kim S W (Information and Communication Engineering Dep, Yeungnam Univ, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712 749, Korea, Email: joshi@ynu.ac.kr) : Survey, nomenclature and comparison of reader anti-collision protocols in RFID. IETE Tech Rev 2008, 25(5), 285-92.

Radio-frequency identification, (RFID) has attracted a great deal of attention, due to its wide range of applications in the fields of logistics and supply chain, medicine, inventory, stock, asset management etc. Mobile readers in RFID have become available, while stationary readers are becoming more functional. In a workplace where readers are deployed densely, multiple RFID readers try to access the same tag at the same time. The situation, where multiple readers are in each others' interference region, reader-to-tag communication, leads to a reader collision problem and thus inhibits the communication with the tag. Passive tags are cheaper and are widely used, but they lack frequency selectivity. In such an environment, the problems of reader-to-reader and reader-to-tag collision occur, which lead to the reduction of the efficiency and reliability of the RFID system, resulting in the misreading or failure to read the tag and an increase in the tag interrogation time. The existing standards do not allow this problem to be overcome efficiently. Hence, many reader anti-collision algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Survey the existing works on RFID reader collisions and compare their proposed solutions, based on their performances.

6 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

010469   Jaya V;Dodagoudar G R;Boominathan A (Civil Engineering Dep, I.I.T. Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: jayasraj@gmail.com) : Cyclic behaviour of saturated sands of Kalpakkam region, Tamil Nadu. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 171-86.

13 illus, 28 ref

010468   Islam M R;Kim J (Electronics and Radio Engineering Dep, Kyung Hee Univ, 1 Seochon, Gihyeung, Yongin, Korea, Email: rakibultowhid@yahoo.com) : Channel estimated cooperative MIMO in wireless sensor network. IETE Tech Rev 2008, 25(5), 234-43.

Energy efficient data transfer is the key factor for the design of energy efficient wireless sensor network (WSN). An energy efficient cooperative MIMO (C-MIMO) technique is proposed in the WSN where fixed constellation size is considered in transmitting both the local and long-haul communication. A selection criterion is used based on the channel conditions where a selected number of sensors in a cluster is used to form a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) structure wirelessly connected with multiple antennas of a data gathering node (DGN). The selected approach is tested on the correlated data scenario. Experimental results show that the selected C-MIMO structure outperforms the unselected C-MIMO in terms of total energy consumption and they show energy efficient performance over existing one when they are compared with SISO structure. Energy models are evaluated for this scenario while energy consumption and efficiency are compared for different combination of cluster sizes and selected number of sensors. Comparisons are shown for different fixed number of constellation sizes. The effect of correlation coefficient and intersensor distance are analyzed. Later, a delay analysis is shown considering optimal constellation size.

14 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

010467   Islam M R;Kim I (Electronics and Radio Engineering Dep, Kyung Hee Univ, 1 Seochon, Gihyeung, Yongin, Korea, Email: rakibultowhid@yahoo.com) : On the use of low-density parity check code for capacity and bit error rate sensitive wireless sensor network at Nakagami-n channel. IETE Tech Rev 2008, 25(5), 277-84.

Energy efficient transmission with fairly high capacity is an attractive feature for energy constraint wireless sensor network (WSN). This opens a door for the outage analysis keeping the energy efficient performance active. Proposes employ low-density parity check (LDPC) codes to provide reliable communication while saving power in the sensor networks. Derive the ergodic and outage capacity for a cluster head to DGN transmission through a Nakagami-n channel in a WSN. Also explores the bit error rate (BER) analysis for the same channel for an LDPC coded transmission. Compared the ergodic and outage capacity over average SNR for different Nakagami channel parameter. Sees that the ergodic as well as outage capacity increases as both SNR and Nakagami-n channel parameters increase. Also compare the outage capacity for different probability of outage. Nakagami-n channel simulations are also compared with AWGN channel simulations. Simulation results show that with the proper choice of LDPC decoding, capacity achieving low power transmission is possible in WSN.

10 illus, 25 ref

010466   De B;Sarkar B C (Physics Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104, Email: bcsarkar_phy@yahoo.co.in) : Novel quick response charge pump phase locked loop. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 473-82.

A new modification algorithm has been proposed to improve the transient response of the conventional second order CP-PLL system. The performances of the proposed system have been examined by solving the system equations numerically. Some analytical results are incorporated to confirm the performance enhancement of the conventional system by this proposed modified algorithm. Theoretical stability and overload limit are determined. Tracking and noise performances of the modified CP-PLL in the face of noisy input signal are also presented.

7 illus, 16 ref

010465   Chauhan Y S;Gillon R;Declercq M;Ionescu A M (NO, Semiconductor Research and Development Center, IBM, Bangalore-560 024, Email: yogeshsingh.chauhan@in.ibm.com) : Impact of lateral nonuniform doping and hot carrier injection on capacitance behavior of high voltage MOSFETs. IETE Tech Rev 2008, 25(5), 244-50.

A detailed analysis of capacitance behavior of high-voltage MOSFET (HV-MOS), for example, LDMOS, using device simulation is made. The impact of lateral nonuniform doping and drift region are separately analyzed. It is shown that the peaks in C_GD and C_GS capacitances of HV-MOS originate from lateral nonuniform doping. The peak value of C_DG capacitance can be higher than WLC_OX for nonzero drain biases. The drift region decreases the C_GD capacitance and increases the peaks in C_GS in strong inversion and also gives rise to peaks in C_GG capacitances increasing with higher drain bias. It is also shown that trapped charge due to hot carrier injection modulates the peaks' amplitude and position in capacitances depending on hot hole or electron injection at drain or source side. This capacitance analysis will facilitate in optimization of the HV-MOS structure and also help in modeling of HV-MOS, including the hot carrier degradation.

9 illus, 21 ref

010464   Chaudhary V;Manoj Kumar (NO, , SASE - RDC, Himparisar, Sector 37 A, Chandigarh, 160 036, Email: vinay_sase@rediffmail.com) : Micro-pile foundation for avalanche retaining barriers. Indian Geotech J 2008, 38(2), 105-18.

1 table, 13 illus, 23 ref

009463   Verma A;Manjeet Singh (Training Unit, College of Agricultural Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: manjeetsing_03@rediffmail.com) : Sowing performance fo spatially Modified No-Till drill in paddy field havested by combine having a straw managing system. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(3), 1023-9.

Major problem in sowing wheat crop under no tillage in combine harvested paddy fields is the frequent coking of no-till drill machine due to long loose straw, lying in the windows. Effective residue management requires both straw and chaff to be finely chopped and evenly spread over the entire cutting width of combine. Sowing performance of spatially modified no-till drill after harvesting paddy crop with straw managing system (SMS) attached combine harvester was studied. SMS was operated with three rows of stationary blades, rotor speed index of 40 and deflector angle 20°. In spatially modified no-till drill, having 3-member frame, 600 mm vertical clearance and 600 mm tine to tine spacing, there was no straw accumulation when operated in SMS harvested field. Sowing performance of spatially modified NTD was same as the performance of conventional NTD operated in clean field on the basis of furrow geometry and seed placement. Residue as mulch reduced the initial germination of the wheat seedlings but afterwanls the overall germination C6unt was not affected by the mulch. The difference in plant height, effective tiller count, car length and number of grains per car head was found to be non-significant for both treatments at 5% level of significance. Thousand grain mass and grain yield were found to be significantly higher for spatia1ty modified NTD operated in SMS attached combine harvested field than conventional NTD sown field.

8 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

009462   Trouzine H;Asroun A;Long N T (Sciences et Modelisation, Institut de Mathematiques de Bordeaux, France, Email: h_trouzine@yahoo.fr) : Laboratory study of waste tires fill used with foundations in expansive soils. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 287-304.

Presents a qualitative study of a new application of the Tiresoil that is the Tiresoil under foundations on expansive soils. Two sorts of soils were investigated for different number of layers of Tiresoil. Laboratory test results show that the disposition of Tiresoil layers in sandwich between a load and expansive soil reduces the transmitted vertical swelling pressures. The dimensioning of the Tiresoil in these cases is not only determined by the load due to the foundation but also by the soil swell potential Tiresoil; Sand Bearing capacity; Settlement; Expansive soils.

15 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

009461   Tara Kalyani S;Tulasiram Das G (Electrical Engineering Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad-500 085, Email: tarasunder98@yahoo.co.in) : Performance analysis of UPFC connected to a network. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 159-70.

Presents the performance analysis of UPFC installed in transmission system consisting of two sets of three phase transmission lines in parallel, through computer simulation. When no UPFC is installed, interruption of either of three-phase line reduces the active power flow to half, because the line impedance becomes double after interruption. Installing the UPFC makes it possible to control the amount of active power flowing through the transmission line. The performance of UPFC when a fault occurs in one transmission line is also studied. A generalized pulse width modulation switching technique is used to generate firing pulses for both the converters of the UPFC. Simulations were carried out using PSCAD software to validate the performance of the UPFC. Simulation results show that the presence of UPFC improves the transmission capability, stability and power oscillation damping of the transmission line.

12 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

009460   Syamal M M;Singh S K;Hari Lal;Singh B P (Horticulture Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Effect of urea and zinc on growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit quality of kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Envir Ecol 2008, 26(3), 1036-8.

The minimum duration of flowering and maximum number of flowers were recorded in trees which received 4.0% urea and 0.4% zinc sulfate (U₂Z₂). The minimum fruit drop and maximum fruit retention were recorded in trees sprayed with 4.0% urea and 0.4% zinc sulfate, respectively.

2 tables, 6 ref

009459   Singh K (Soil and Water Engineering Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Texture based prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity. Ann Biol 2008, 24(2), 139-41.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity is an important parameter in different water management related studies. Field measurement of hydraulic conductivity is often time consuming and laborious. Studies have shown that hydraulic conductivity is closely related to soil texture. Soil samples representing various soil textures were collected and analyzed for their sand, silt and clay content. Prediction equations were developed by fitting relationships between laboratory determined values of soil hydraulic conductivity and the corresponding percentage of sand, silt and clay content of the soils. The developed prediction equation can be used to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity knowing textural composition of given soil samples.

3 tables, 5 ref

009458   Shojaeefard M H;Goudarzi K;Noorpoor A R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, 16844, Tehran, Iran, Email: kgoudarzi@iust.ac.ir) : Experimental estimation of transient contact conductance between exhaust valve and its seat. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 219-28.

Experimental study has been made to determine TCC between two co-axial-cylinders as exhaust valve and seat and also investigate the effect of pressure and contact frequency on the contact conductance. The results show that with increase of engine speed (increase of contact pressure and frequency), the contact conductance increase with the increase in contact pressure and decrease with the increase in contact frequency. The experimental results are generally well within acceptable accuracy.

3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

009457   Sharma K C;Bhardwaj S C;Sunil Kumar (AICRP on Post Harvest Technology, College of Technology and Agricultural Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001, Email: kcbhuvan_2004@yahoo.co.in) : Bio-chemical factors of resistance in tomato varieties against fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Envir Ecol 2008, 26(3), 1135-7.

Studies were conducted to assess the effects of different bio-chcmical constituents of tomato varieties oil the infestation of tomato fruit borer. Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The reducing sugars were positively correlated while ascorbic acid, acidity. zinc, fctrous and tota1 phenols were negatively correlated with fruit infestation.

1 table, 4 ref

009456   Semin;Bakar R A (Marine Engineering Dep, Institute of Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Indonesia) : Fuel injection pressure effect on performance and fuel consumption of diesel engine based on load and engine speed. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 229-40.

The diesel engine selected in the study such as fuel direct injection is generated from the unit pump system. Effect of fuel injection pressure on engine performance is investigated and analyzed in the study. Experiments are performed on a fourªcylinder two-stroke, direct injection diesel engine. The diesel engine power performance values such as indicated pressure, indicated horse power, shaft horse power, brake horse power, break mean effective pressure and fuel consumption investigated both of variation engine speeds - fixed load and fixed engine speed - variation loads by the fuel injection pressure variation. Based on the experiment results, the best performance of the pressure injection is obtained. The experiment results shown, that the increasing injection pressures have been given increased of engine power and fuel consumption of the diesel engine.

15 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

009455   Sekar T;Marappan R (Faculty of Mechnanical Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Government College of Engineering, Salem-636 011, Email: sekar_tittagudi@yahoo.com) : Experimental investigations into electrochemical machining of high carbon high chromium die steel. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 203-10.

Experimental investigations have been made on the various influencing parameters involved in the material removal rate and surface roughness using ECM on High carbon high chromium die stell with the hardness of 63 HRC. The major intervening parameters are studied and the relationship between the parameters has been determined for achieving maximum material removal rate and minimum surface roughness by using NaCl aqua solution.

7 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

009454   Santhalia G K;Singh S K;Shishir Kumar;Ajay Kumar (NO, Jaypee Institute of Engineering & Technology, Guna,-473 226, Email: gauravsanthalia@gmail.com) : Modified image enhancement technique for forensic crime image processing. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 211-18.

As technology is brought to bear the latent finger prints and shoe prints recovery, the combination of existing technique will be joined with the new system to improve the recovery rate on traditionally difficult surfaces. The problem with collecting forensic evidence at a crime scene is that the evidence is often masked behind backgrounds. This makes it difficult for extracting key components from the evidence. Often times, the background color of the crime scene can overpower the faint detail of the evidence. Types of evidence that this can occur on is with finger prints and shoe prints at the crime scene. To correct this problem, image enhancement techniques can be used to obtain the relevant information that is needed for the investigators.

6 illus, 3 ref

009453   Raghava Chari S (NO, , Consultant, USA, Email: srchari2001@yahoo.co.in) : Accurate alignment adds onstream hours. Indian J Fertil 2007, 2(12), 11-16.

Properly aligned machines run so smooth that bearings, seals and other internal components wear very slowly due to absence of pre loads. The resulting 4-years or even longer continuous machine runs extend the interval between process plant turnarounds - a vital necessity for survival in these days of huge complex, capital intensive and very high capacities single stream plants. Unfortunately many maintenance crews are not fully clear of the various techniques of reliable alignment such as Reverse Dial Alignment (RDA). Ignorance of alignment tolerances result in crew wasting too many hours in achieving needlessly fine alignment or handing over poorly aligned machines succumbing to pressure from production personnel and too short service lives therefrom. They still use outdated and inadequate techniques like hacksaw blade alignment, rim and face alignment, which yield poor alignment and in turn cause frequent machine outages and unaffordable low plant availability of modern high-capacity machines of immense potential. This article is intended to remove the intimidation felt of RDA and encourage its wider use for the huge industrial undertakings running for longer times between turnarounds and saving astronomical sums of money, which would reach the common public too by way of lower prices of commodities produced.

2 illus, 2 tables

009452   Pathak S (College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra) : Design, development and evaluation of a power operated maize sheller (spiked disk type). Int J agric Sci 2008, 4(1), 215-19.

Machine mainly consists of shelling unit, reduction unit (worm and worm gear type) and single-phase 1 -hp electric motor. The power from electric motor was transmitted to the worm shaft and then from gear shaft to the shelling unit shaft. The developed power operated maize sheller was tested in laboratory as well as operations at load for short durations. The analysis of data collected during the short duration test revealed that the machine is stable and strong and its speed of operation 60 rpm was quite satisfactory. The shelling capacity of the machine was 100.25 kg grains/hr with shelling efficiency of 99.95 % and cleaning efficiency of 99.37%. The breakage percentage was 0.406 which is well within the prescribed limit for such machines. The labour requirement was reduced by 89.60 % using this machine.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

009451   Nehra V;Ashok Kumar;Dwivedi H K;Arya S K (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Email: nehra_vijay@yahoo.com ) : Atmospheric barrier discharge reactor for surface processing. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 179-86.

Atmospheric barrier discharge reactor for surface treatment has been presented. Moreover, process parameters and major components of V DBD reactor have been discussed.

4 illus, 31 ref

009450   Khare G;Prasad R S (NO, Shivajirao S. Jondhle College of Engineering & Technology, Asangaon, M.S. 421 601, Email: geetaharshu@yahoo.co.in) : Technical vaibility of `KGS' system application. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 171-8.

Future of industrial development depends on sharing of information fruitfully and optimal utilization of resources i.e., man, material, machine. For optinal use of industrial resources, optimal capacity utilization is desired. For automation of production plant either centralized or distributed control system are used. Various aspects of centralized and distributed digital control and its pros and cons have been studied. There are standardized approach & standard hardware & software available worldwide as per the requirement. Attempt is made to overcome the disadvantages of this system to improve efficiency as well as profit level by going in to minute details from root to top level i.e. online operator up to management or supervisory level. The system we named is "KGS". i.e. Kaleidoscopic Governing System.

6 illus, 11 ref

009449   Kalbande S R;Pawar S N;Jadhav S B (Agricultural Engineering Dep, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, M.A.U., Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Design, development and testing of bio-diesel processor. Int J agric Sci 2008, 4(1), 325-31.

Bio diesel processor is designed and developed at College of Agril. Engineering and Technology, MAU, Parbhani for the processing of non edible oils of Jatropha and Karanja. The bio-diesel processor was found suitable for producing bio-diesel from edible and non-edible oil by adopting process of base catalized transesterification. The bio-diesel properties was found within the limit of BIS standard. The operational efficiency of diesel pump for various blends of bio-diesel were found nearer to the expected efficiency of 20%.

6 tables, 8 ref

009448   Kalbande S R;Pawar S N;Jadhav S B (Farm Structure Dep, College of Agriculture Engineering & Technology, M.A.U., Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Techno-economic evaluation of a solar sterilizer. Int J agric Sci 2008, 4(1), 306-13.

In present energy crisis scenario it has become necessary to exploit new and renewable energy sources which are available at almost negligible cost. For efficient utilization of solar energy paraboloidal solar collector having aperture diameter 1.3 m depth 0.30 m and focal length 0.35 m was tested for sterilization process. The sterilization temperature 121°C and corresponding pressure 1.05 kg/cm² for 15 min was achieved within an hour under bright sun shine period. The solar sterilizer inactivates and inhibited the growth of microorganisms in test tube culture media. The surgical instruments, test tube culture and more than 100 syringes were sterilize in a batch of solar sterilizer. The microbiological test suggested no growth of any environmental microbes over solid and liquid culture media. The system may therefore, be useful for rural hospitals where problems of non-availability of conventional fuels is faced very often. The solar sterilizer therefore, can be integrated in rural energy system for sterilization of surgical instruments and syringes. The economic analysis suggested that the system is economical and the benefit cost ratio for sola sterilizer were found to be 3.03, 3.06 and 2.25 for kerosene, firewood and electricity equivalent respectively.

7 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

009447   Jose B R;Mathew J;Mythili P (Electronics Dep, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Email: Babitajose@cusat.ac.in) : Dual-band sigma-delta ADC for WCDMA/WLAN receivers. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 257-70.

The demand for new telecommunication services requiring higher capacities, data rates and different operating modes have motivated the development of new generation wireless transceivers. A sigma-delta based Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is one of the key and complex building blocks in the transceiver architecture. In order to preserve low power consumption requirements demanded by mobile terminals, an analog-toªdigital converter ADC converter able to reach significantly high values of signal-to-noise ratio and low distortion by using modest over-sampling ratios is needed. To this end, this work presents a dual-band sigma-delta modulator for WCDMA and WLAN receivers. In particular, the proposed converter makes use of low-distortion swing suppression sigma-delta modulator (SDM) architecture which is highly suitable for low over-sampling ratios to attain high linearity over a wide bandwidth. The modulator employs a 2-2 cascaded sigma-delta modulator with feed-forward path with a single-bit quantizer in the first stage and 4-bit in the second stage. Simulation results show that, the modulator achieves 94/78 dB peak SFDR and 83/62 dB peak SNDR over a 3.84 MHz/l0 MHz bandwidth at a sampling frequency of 122.88/160 MHz in WCDMA/WLAN mode.

11 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

009446   Firouzjah K G;Sheikholeslani A (Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Nushirvani Technical University of Babol, Univdersity of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 47135-484, Babol, Iran, Email: kgorgani@stu.nit.ac.ir) : New fault location method for two and three-terminal transmission lines accompanied by CT elimination. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 241-56.

Presents a new fault location method for two-terminal and three-terminal transmission networks based on synchronized phasor measurement. System equations are written in order to estimate accurate fault-point distances. Mathematical analysis and simulation results indicate the capabilities of the proposed method in detecting fault-point distance with a reasonable error. The method is independent of fault type, fault resistance, and fault current. In the proposed method, Current Transformer (CT) is removed. The proposed technique reduces costs of fault location. Simulations with EMTP/ATP were carried out to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.

11 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

009445   Dogra B;Sharma A D;Singh M;Singh A K (NO, College of Agricultural Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004) : Techno-economic evaluation of field balers for straw management. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(3), 1030-5.

Baling machines of three different makes were evaluated for their techno-economic analysis. Experiments were carried out at seed farm during the harvesting season of paddy in 2007. The machine parameters studied were over all dimensions of the machines, field capacity, and fuel consumption, number of bales per acre. The bale properties included were dimensions of bale, bale density, compaction ratio and the bale weight. Pay back periods were worked out for different hourly uses per year basis. The average effective field capacity, fuel consumption and straw picking efficiency were found out to be 0.27, 0.30 and 0.32 ha/h: 3.2, 2.8 and 2.2 liter/h: 70.4, 80.0 and 85.61% for balers I, II and III. Bulk density of baled straw was 67.30, 140.68 and 145.6 kg/m³ for balers I, II and III respectively. The profit earning starts after minimum 300 hourly use of the machine.

7 tables, 14 ref

009444   Dawn C O;Ambrose;Devadas C T (NO, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Regional Centre, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Shelf life of minimally processed sweet oranges. Int J agric Sci 0000, 4(1), 343-5.

Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were minimally processed and kept in different packaging materials like PolyPropylene and PolyEthylene bags of various gauges. The samples were air packed and vacuum packed and stored under ambient and refrigerated conditions. The effect of storage on the quality of the fruits under different packaging materials and atmosphere was analysed. Results suggest that storage of vacuum packed Sweet Oranges in 88 micron PE bag up to ten days at refrigerated condition is commercially feasible. Biochemical analysis of various quality parameters such as ascorbic acid, titrable acidity, total soluble solids etc. revealed that the vacuum packed sample in 88micron PE stored at refrigerated condition retained it's quality to a greater extent compared to other samples. The overall acceptability of vacuum packed Sweet Oranges in 88micron PE bag was on the higher side according to Hedonic rating showing much preference over the other samples.

2 illus, 3 tables, 2 ref

009443   Chougule S R;Patil R S (NO, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, Kolhapur-416 013, Email: sr.chougule@rediffmail.com) : An oversampled FIR filter bank design with uniform and nonuniform frequency bands for 2D image. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 187-202.

Proposes a real-valued oversampled FIR filter bank where the inband aliasing is significantly reduced. The filter banks are designed for uniform and nonuniform frequency bands and analysis of oversampled filter banks are carried out. Non uniform filter bank designed with proper frequency bands and subsampled factor which gives the resultant near input image. This filter bank applied for 2D image and analysis is carried out using peak signal to noise ratio. DCT image compression technique is used for analysis of output image in terms of peak signal to noise ratio [PSNR] and histogram of compressed input and output image. Proposed filter bank consists of thirty three and twenty five channels, without overlapping of frequency bands.

12 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

009442   Bhagyawant R G (Irrigation & Drainage Engineering Dep, College of Agricultural Enginee, Marathwada Agricultural Univ, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Effect of percolation tank in augmenting the ground water recharge. Int J agric Sci 2008, 4(1), 359-62.

Study was undertaken on the assessment of ground water recharge through percolation tank. The percolation tank at Jamb located 10 K.M. away from Parbhani city (Maharashtra State) was selected for the study in the year 2003-2005. The reconnaissance survey was carried out to locate the wells at downstream of the tank. Water levels in the selected wells and water levels in the tank were recorded before the start of pump. The flood routing components of percolation tank were estimated from the recorded observations. It was observed that the average recharge over the period of September 2003 to April 2005 was approximately 60.13 per cent of the total water stored into the tank and the average recharge rate was 1.22 cm/day. It was also observed that the tank influenced upto a distance of 1081 meter in the zone of influence of percolation tank.

2 illus, 4 tables, 3 ref

009441   Balaji V;Vasudevan N;Maheswari E (Research Scholar, Sathyabama University, Chennai) : Model based predictive control using neural network and fuzzy logic. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 279-86.

The application of neural network structures to model-based predictive control (MPC) is studied. First, basic structures of MPC algorithms are reviewed. Next, many techniques using neural network modeling to improve structural or computational properties of MPC algorithms are presented and discussed, from a neural network model of a process in standard MPC structures to modeling parts or entire MPC controllers with neural networks. A simulation example and conclusions are given.

9 illus, 6 ref

009440   Athamena N;Melaab D (Faculte des Sciences de I'Ingenieur, Dep d'Electronique, Dep, University de Batna, Algerie, Email: atha_nour@yahoo.fr) : New method for handwrittden arabic characters recognition by using neural network. Int J app Engng Res 2008, 3(2), 271-7.

Propose new technique of handwritten Arabic characters recognition based on the use of neural network. Exploiting features fluently used and proceeding to a new programming manner of these networks. System presents a well better aptitude to recognize those characters.

7 ref

009439   Amin V S (NO, Indian Farmers Fertilser Coop. Ltd., Kalol Unit, Kasturinagar P O, Distt. Gandhinagar-382 423) : Safety, health and environment (SHE) management system at IFFCO, Kalol. Indian J Fertil 2007, 2(12), 19-22.

Systematically programmed and properly maintained machines, alert, trained and experienced manpower and commitment of top management are essential for safe operation of any plant. At IFFCO, Kalol safety starts with planning through design, construction, installation, operation and maintenance. This article gives an account of the S, H and E (SHE) management developed and implemented at IFFCO, Kalol for improving the plant performance.

2 illus