044606   PRASAD R (Entomology Dep, Birsa Agricultural Univ, Ranchi- 834 006, Email: rabindraento@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of different dates of rice transplanting on incidence and abundance of major insect pests and the crop yield. J Eco-Friend Agric 2020, 15(1), 67-9.

The field experiment conducted with seedlings of rice (var. IR-64) transplanted on four different dates at two weeks intervals starting from 1st of July till 14th August during wet season of 2015 and 2016 in 10 replications in RBD revealed that earlier were the date of transplanting, significantly lesser were the intensities of attack of yellow stem borer, rice hispa, leaf folder, case worm and green leaf hopper (GLH) and vice versa during 2015 and 2016. However, in case of ear bug, earlier was the date of planting, higher was the attack of earbug and vice-versa. Early transplanted crop realized higher grain yield compared to those planted latter. The crop transplanted early (1^st July), normal date of planting (15^th July), delayed planting (30^th July) and very delayed planting crop (14^th August), yielded 44.46, 39.85, 34.64 and 29.20 q ha-1 during, 2015 and 46.90, 40.90, 35.75 and 30.80 q ha^-1 during 2016, respectively.

1 table, 4 ref

040750   KISHAN K V, SHAH N, NAVEEN M (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, K M Shah Dental Coll and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, Email: drkishankv@yahoo.co.in) : Use of natural substitutes as an intracanal medicament in the endodontics-An update for in vivo studies. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2020, 11(3), 165-8.

The success of root canal treatment depends on the elimination of bacteria by chemo-mechanical instrumentation and use of various irrigants to remove or dissolve organic and inorganic debris.The intracanal medicament also has an important role in the outcome of root canal treatment. With the rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, there is considerable interest in the development of other classes of antimicrobials for the control of infection. Use of Herbal intracanal medicament has been shown promising results when used under in vitro conditions, but very limited clinical trials reported due to the ethical concern. Hence, this review highlights the current guidelines (laid by the drugs and cosmetics act as per the Gazette of India) regarding the use of herbal medicaments for the clinical trials in Endodontics.

26 ref

044579   JOHN J A, VENKAT MATETI U, RAJESH V (Pharmacy Practice Dep, NITTE, Mangaluru, Karnataka, Email: udayvenkatmateti@gmail.com) : Impact of pharmacist education on knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients using inhaler medications in obstructive airway diseases. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 118-22.

Inappropriate use of inhaler medications may lead to inadequate control of the disease condition. Therefore, it is important to educate the patients regarding proper inhalation technique. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients using inhaler medications in obstructive airway diseases before and after education. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-study without a control group was conducted among sixty patients diagnosed with obstructive airway diseases who were using inhaled medications in the pulmonary medicine department. At the baseline, the patient’s KAP was assessed and were educated regarding the use of inhaler medications. Then, the patient’s KAP was again assessed after 1 month of baseline assessment. Of sixty patients, male patients (53 %) were predominant than the female (42 %). The mean age of the study population was 56.7 ± 16.2 years. The pre- and post-educational KAP scores of the patients were 71.6 ± 9.9 and 82.9 ± 10.3, respectively. The KAP scores were statistically improved, and the mean change in the KAP score was 11.3 ± 6.9 (P = 0.000). The education provided in the small group of patients using inhaler medications leads to the betterment of KAP of the patients.

4 tables, 29 ref

044578   SANCHETI Y, KAMBALA S, GODBOLE S, KAMBALA R, DHAMANDE M, PISULKAR S (Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: seemasathe2011@gmail.com) : Effect of multiple firing on flexural strength and color stability of pressable all ceramic material: An in vitro study. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 94-7.

Pressable all‑ceramic materials are widely used in dentistry. Determining the effect of multiple firing on color stability and flexural strength will help to improve these materials so that they can remain resistant to fracture in restorative work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in flexural strength and color stability of pressable all ceramic material after repeated firing, which may be unavoidable when color and shape corrections are necessary for use in dental restorations.  Thirty standardized bar specimens measuring 25-mm length, 10-mm width, and 2-mm thickness were fabricated from VITA PM 9 pressable all ceramic material according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each group of specimen was tested for color change using the spectrophotometer and flexural strength (three‑point flexuralstrength test) using the universal testing machine after third (n = 10), fourth (n = 10), and fifth (n = 10) firings. The data were analyzed using a one‑way analysis of variance.TheTukey honestly significant difference test was used to perform multiple comparisons. L*a*b* values of the ceramic specimens were affected by the number of firings (3, 4, and 5 firings) (P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference in color change (ΔE) was found between Group 1 – Group 2 versus Group 1 – Group 3 (P < 0.05), Group 1 – Group 3 versus Group 2 – Group 3 (P < 0.05), whereas it was nonsignificant between Group 1 – Group 2 versus Group 2 – Group 3 (P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean flexural strength values of the three groups. Repeated firing of leucite‑based heat‑pressed ceramic exhibited color changesthat are clinically acceptable, but the strength of the ceramic decreasessignificantly. Thus, repeated firing is an important factor with respect to color and strength of definitive restoration and should be considered during shade selection and fabrication.

3 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

044577   SETHI D, JOSHI S G (Symbiosis International Univ, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: deepaksethi@scon.edu.in) : Knowledge and attitude of nurses toward the implementation of quality management systems with special reference to six sigma. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 91-3.

Health care delivery system is one of the most dynamic areas where the professional growth takes place on an everyday basis. In the country’s present scenario, where health services is made available to the community in a variety of forms, by way of government health centers, trust hospitals, religious sponsored small and big hospitals, and private and corporate hospitals, the expectations of the patient have increased toward the quality of health services offered. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of the employees toward the implementation of quality management system with special reference to Six Sigma. To assess the current status of the waiting period at various departments of the selected hospitals. To assess the knowledge regarding Six Sigma. To assess the attitude regarding Six Sigma. To compare the knowledge and attitude of private and government health care organization. Research approach: Quantitative approach. Pre-experimental. Sampling technique: Convenience sampling. Sample size: 60 (calculated by power analysis). Sampling criteria. Inclusive criteria. Those who are involved in hospital administrative work. Those who are available at the time of data collection. Those who can understand English. Exclusive criteria. Who have already done Six Sigma citification. The results showed that the maximum time spent by the patient at the outpatient department (OPD) for registration was 16–20 min. According to the reviews, this is the appropriate time taken by any health care organization to do OPD registration. Very few respond to took more than 25 min, i.e., 3 %. Maximum patients spent 21–25 min at the laboratory and only 5 % spent <20 min. Time taken by the individual in pharmacy indicates that maximum participants, i.e., 37 %, took 16–20 min to get the drugs and 23 % of participants took more than 25 min. Regarding the knowledge toward Six Sigma, 22 % health care workers in private sector have good knowledge score as compared to government organization, i.e., 10 %. Seven percent of health care workers have average knowledge score in private organization and 8 % of participants have average knowledge score in government health sector. Regarding the attitude toward Six Sigma, private health care organization workers (53 %) have a good attitude score as compared to government organization (18 %). Six Sigma principles are well suited to the health care sector due to its zero tolerance for mistakes and Six Sigma’s potential for reducing medical errors. Lean Six Sigma projects in healthcare have largely focused on direct care delivery, administrative support, and financial administration. The aim has been to improve clinical processes, to identify and eliminate waste from patient pathways, to enable staff to examine their own workplace, and to increase quality, safety, and efficiency. The concept of Six Sigma is purely corporate in nature. There is a lot of difference between the knowledge and attitude regarding Six Sigma among private and government organizations, and this study proves the same..

8 ref

044576   AGRAWAL J, DHURANDHAR D, CHANDRAKAR T (Anatomy and Community Medicine Dep, Pt. J.N.M Medical Coll, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: diws.dhurandhar@gmail.com) : Morphometry of neck-shaft angle in dried femora of the central Indian population and its clinical implications. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 88-90.

The neck-shaft angle (NSA) is the angle formed by the neck axis and the long axis of the femur. Knowledge of this angle facilitates the preoperative planning of osteotomy, arthroplasty, or fracture fixation. It also helpsin designing suitable implants with more accurate angulations of the femur neck. Hence, the present study aimed at giving ready reference data to clinicians of the femoral NSA in the Central Indian population. A total of 153 dried femora, 78 of the right side and 75 of the left side of unknown sex and age were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Pt. J. N. M Medical College, Raipur. NSAs were measures and statistically correlated with laterality using “Independent t-test,” P value was obtained. Results: Mean NSA of right-sided femora was 133.88 °C ± 15.04 °C (range from 103 °C to 160 °C) and of left‑sided femora was 132.81 °C ± 15.81 °C (Range from 106 °C to 160 °C). No significant difference in values of NSA was found in the right and left-sided femora.The outcome of this study can be used as a ready reference data by orthopedicians, physiotherapists, and prosthesis designers for the central Indian population. Knowledge of normal value would also be helpful in making the clinical diagnosis of femur neck fractures and coxa vera

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

044575   THAPPA T H M, JOJO J J, KENGANORA M, KUMAR M N (Public Health Dentistry Dep, JSS Dental Coll and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, Email: nanditha10@gmail.com) : Effect of tulsi extract and probiotic mouthrinse on plaque and gingivitis among school children – A randomized controlled trial. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 82-7.

Probiotics and tulsi extract mouthrinses are a breakthrough approach to preventing plaque and gingivitis through their different defence mechanism. Comparison of the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHX), tulsi extract and probiotic mouthrinses among 12–15-year-old school children of Mysore, India. Triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial-concurrent parallel design. The study was done in school which was selected by the lottery method. A total of 60 children who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly selected for the study. After baseline examination using computer generated table divided into three groups – Group A: 0.2 % CHX mouthrinse, Group B: tulsi extract mouthrinse, and Group C: probiotic mouthrinse. There was a significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis among all three study products (P < 0.05). Compared to baseline data, plaque and gingivitis reduction was more pronounced in probiotic mouthrinse compared to chlorhexidine and tulsi extract mouthrinses.  All the study products, i.e., CHX, tulsi extract and probiotic mouthrinses showed a significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis compared to baseline scores.

1 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

044574   SHARMA P, CHAUDHARY M, KADAO M, PATEL S, GAWANDE M, HANDE A (Oral Pathology and Microbiology Dep, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: dr.preethisharma@gmail.com) : Comparison of the efficacy of cytodiagnostic instruments in exfoliative cytology. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 78-81.

The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the efficacy of wooden spatula, cytobrush, and toothbrush in obtaining cytology smears for early detection of oral premalignant lesions and also to compare the analysis of cytology smears with the histopathological diagnosis. The smears were observed and analyzed under a compound light microscope.  Fifty patients of clinically diagnosed oral leukoplakia patients attending the outpatient department of oral pathology and microbiology were considered for the study. The smear samples were obtained using wooden spatula, cytobrush, and toothbrush. The samples were manually analyzed in a double‑blinded fashion. Histopathological diagnosis was confirmed using scalpel biopsy and a comparison was made between cytological and histopathological diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. In our study, toothbrush cytology was comparatively better (P < 0.05) than the cytobrush and wooden spatula in terms of analyzing uniformity of cells, adequacy of abnormal cells, and higher grades of dysplasia.  Toothbrush biopsy is a relatively quick, easy, noninvasive, and effective tool for screening suspicious premalignant lesions as compared to the invasive, painful scalpel biopsy procedure which is often impractical. Early detection, diagnosis, and management of such lesions decrease the risk for malignant changes increasing the survival rates.

13 ref

044573   MURARKA P, THOSAR N, BALIGA S, RATHI N, GUPTA S (Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: suruchichiya.1993@gmail.com) : Evaluation of the effectiveness of probiotics consumption on salivary Streptococcus mutans counts in mentally retarded children: An ex vivo study. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 72-7.

Probiotics are those live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host.Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics consumption on levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans in mentally retarded children. The study was undertaken with 30 institutionalized healthy children and 30 institutionalized mentally retarded children of 4-14 years of age group. The children were randomly divided into two groups, each comprising 15 children; Study group I: Mentally retarded children consuming probiotics, Study group II: Mentally retarded children not consuming probiotics, Control group I: healthy children consuming probiotics, Control group II: healthy children not consuming probiotics. The children consumed probiotics for 4 weeks. Streptococcus mutans/ml of saliva was collected at baseline, after 2nd week and 4th week.  A statistically significant reduction (P<0.05) in streptococcus mutans counts was recorded in probiotics ingestion groups. A positive correlation of probiotics with mean streptococcus counts was observed with both the groups, suggestive of probiotics role in caries prevention.

2 illus, 4 tables, 54 ref

044572   KAMBALA S S, JAISWAL T, BORLE A B, KAMBALA R, GODBOLE S, REVANKAR R (Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: seemasathe2011@gmail.com) : Coding of prosthesis in forensic dentistry: A simple innovative technique. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 68-71.

This article describes technique for coding of removable prosthesis by using rubber stamp and radiopaque marker. This method involves scrapping off 1mm of polished surface of the denture. Self-cure acrylic resin in dough stage is placed in the space prepared and UID (Aadhar card number) indentations are made with rubber stamp over which barium sulphate is sprinkled and repacked with self-cure acrylic resin. Finishing and polishing of denture is done and a lateral cephalogram is recorded. Lateral cephalogram shows radiopaque digitations revealing the identity of the patient. This method is of immense importance for identification of individuals when required for forensic investigations & in mass disaster.

5 illus, 9 ref

044571   JAISWAL T, PISULKAR S K, KAMBALA S S (Prosthodontics Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: tanvijaiswal90@gmail.com) : Evaluation of antifungal effect of maxillofacial silicone after incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles: Evidence in pharmaceutical therapeutics. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 63-7.

The incorporation of nanotechnology in dentistry is evident, especially in the past decade. The pharmaceutical research in nanotechnology has been a most important invention while considering its application in dental materials. The evidence gathered from the various pharmacotherapeutic researches on the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the antimicrobial activity of various dental materials are proved, although there is very less evidence of use of functionalized materials to improve its efficacy in clinical situations.  The aim of the study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of maxillofacial silicone after incorporation of chitosan NPs in patients with maxillary defect. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of antifungal activity of silicone by incorporating chitosan NPs to that of the control group at various time intervals. Chitosan NPs were incorporated in silicone material for relining of interim obturator to check its efficacy with that of conventional interim obturator. Experimental group of patients in which obturator is relined with silicone material consists chitosan NPs has shown to be more effective against fungal colonization growth as compared to that of control group. Chitosan NP with silicone maxillofacial material proved its efficacy against candida growth in patients of maxillary defects at various time intervals.

7 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

044570   KOTHARI J V, JAISWAL V C, GHUMAN S D, GHODEY S A (Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiotherapy Dep, MAEERs Physiotherapy Coll, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: jinalkothari27@gmail.com) : Correlation study between baseline dyspnea index and hospital-associated anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A pilot study. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 61-2.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a disease characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction that is attributed to either chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Dyspnea is one of the common symptoms of COPD where it is associated with limited physical activity and increased anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression are frequent in patients with COPD and it increases as the severity of disease progresses. This article will serve us to know about the correlation between anxiety and depression with the Baseline Dyspnea Index in COPD Patients. The aim of this study was to study the correlation of Baseline Dyspnea Index and Hospital-associated anxiety and depression in COPD patients. Bahusaheb Talegaon Rural Hospital, Pune Maharashtra, India. Correlation study, Validated Hospital anxiety and depression scale was used along with Baseline Dyspnea Index to check correlation in COPD Patients. This correlation study received institutional ethical approval. All participants according to inclusion criteria coming to the rural hospital were selected. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Baseline Dyspnea Index and Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale. Statistical analysis of data was reported, using instant application in that nonparametric test (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) was used. The result shows that there was a positive correlation between anxiety and the Baseline Dyspnea Index (functional impairment) in COPD Patients. Whereas there was a negative correlation of depression and the Baseline Dyspnea Index. The present study included COPD patients which state that the Baseline Dyspnea Index has a significant relation with anxiety in which functional impairment has greater significance. Depression does not have a significant relationship with the Baseline Dyspnea Index.

5 ref

044569   KAUR J, RAY S (Community Health Nursing Dep, Symbiosis International Univ, Pune, Email: jasneetkaur@scon.edu.in) : Effect of live demonstration on practices of anm regarding identification and management of mothers for puerperal infection during postnatal period. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 58-60.

Puerperal sepsis is an infective condition in the mother following childbirth. It is the third most common cause of maternal death worldwide as a result of child birth after hemorrhage and abortion. According to the World Health Organization estimates, puerperal sepsis accounts for 15 % of the 500,000 maternal deaths annually. In low- and middle-income countries, puerperal infections are the sixth leading cause of disease burden in women during their reproductive years. Puerperal sepsis can cause long-term health problems such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in females. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of demonstration on practices of Auxillary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) regarding identification and management of mothers for puerperal infection during postnatal period. A quasi-experimental design was adopted to implement live demonstration on 60 ANMs. The samples were selected by convenience sampling technique. A checklist was used to assess the practices of ANM identification and management of high‑risk mothers for secondary postpartum hemorrhage during postnatal period. The average pretest knowledge mean in the experimental group was 68.7, which increased to 134.1 in posttest. T-value for this test was 80 with 103 degrees of freedom. Corresponding P value was small (<0.05); null hypothesis is rejected. It is evident that the live demonstration is significantly effective in improving the knowledge of ANMs regarding identification and management of mothers for puerperal infection during postnatal period.

2 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

044567   RAMPRASAD H, RECHE A, RAHATE S, DEOLIA S, GUPTA N (Public Health Dentistry Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: dramitreche@gmail.com) : Evaluating the relationship between subjective well-being and oral function in elderly people. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 45-9.

This study aims at evaluating the association between subjective well-being (SWB) and oral functions in elderly people. Materials and Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a private dental college of central part of India. A study was carried out with a structured questionnaire on 200 individuals aged above 60 years. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, oral function, habits, and general health. The SWB scale was used to tabulate the results. A total of 200 people, comprising 67 % and females 33 % who were in the age group of 60–80 years, were covered in this research. The demographic profiles taken in the above study were age, gender, occupation, and monthly income. It was found that there is an association of SWB with health in the previous year (0.047). Thirty-nine percent of the persons had good health and 9.5 % had altered health condition. In case of smoking as a habit, 43 % of the people never smoked and the remaining had the habit (P = 0.012). Dental caries was found to be associated with SWB (0.001), 48 % of the people had no caries, and the rest 52 % had no caries. In case of loss of taste, 71.5 % had no change in taste sensations, whereas 28.5 % had altered taste sensations (P = 0.005). Twenty-eight percent of the people experienced burning sensation in the mouth and the remaining 72 % had no complaints (P = 0.000). It was found that poor oral functions such as loss of teeth and other oral conditions such as burning mouth and loss of taste caused psychological and social disturbances in elderly people.

3 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

044566   THAMMISHETTY S, CHANDAK A V (Anaesthesiology Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: mickeygmc@gmail.com) : Comparison of spinal and segmental epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 40-4.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether epidural analgesia is more advantageous over spinal anesthesia. Patients who are undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair of aged between 18 and 80 years of either sex, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II were randomly distributed and given spinal and epidural anesthesia. Segmental epidural anesthesia was given with 0.5 % 6 ml at L1–L2 intervertebral space to compare mainly hemodynamic parameters.

7 tables, 7 ref

044565   KASATWAR P, BELE A, DHANKAR S, NAQVI W (Community Health Physiotherapy Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: poojakasatwar.89@gmail.com) : Comparative study of effect of vaginal cones as a biofeedback device and pelvic floor exercises in rural females with urinary incontinence. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 36-9.

The international continence society defines urinary incontinence (UI) as a situation in which involuntary urine lossis a hygienic or social issue and can be demonstrated objectively. Due to culture of silence, Indian females with urinary issues are quietly suffering from symptoms even when their symptoms trigger great discomfort and hamper regular activities. In India, there are limited research dealing with the effect of UI among rural females. The aim of the study wasto determine the effect of vaginal cones and perineometer as a biofeedback device in rural females with UI. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of vaginal cones along with perineometer as a biofeedback device versus pelvic floor exercise in rural females with UI. A comparative study included 45 participants aged 45–70 years as per the inclusion criteria which were divided into two groups: Group A was treated with vaginal cones and perineometer, whereas Group B was given Kegel exercises. Pre- and postreadings of questionnaire for female UI diagnosis and perineometer were taken. The analysis of the result showed a significant improvement in Group A as compared to Group B. The present study concluded that a combined effect of vaginal cones and perineometer with biofeedback device showed a more significant result than pelvic floor muscle strength training (Kegel exercise).

7 tables, 15 ref

044564   MURUGESAN R, THIAGARAJAN S, SRINIVASAN P (Anesthesiology Dep, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Univ, Puducherry, Email: painfreepartha@gmail.com) : Respiratory and hemodynamic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure during capnoperitoneum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 30-5.

General anesthesia, muscle paralysis, and increased intra-abdominal pressure are known to produce basal lung atelectasis and may contribute to the inadequate CO₂ removal and increased end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂ ) during laparoscopic surgery. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been shown to prevent compression atelectasis during general anesthesia. Hence, we designed this study to test the hypothesis that the application of PEEP before capnoperitoneum will maintain EtCO₂ within the normal range without changing the ventilator parameters. Our secondary outcome measures were hemodynamic changes during PEEP and capnoperitoneum. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive 0 PEEP (n = 30) or 10 PEEP (n = 30) with constant minute ventilation under standardized general anesthesia. Respiratory and hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 2 min for 10 min then every 5 min till 30 min after capnoperitoneum. In group PEEP-0, the mean EtCO2 increased significantly after 2 min of capnoperitoneum, plateaued at 15 min, remained at high level till 30 min (34.1 ± 3.1 to 43.3 ± 2.9 mmHg; P = 0.000). In group PEEP-10, EtCO2 dropped from the baseline (36.5 ± 3.2 to 32.0 ± 3.3 mmHg; P = 0.0003) at 5 min after the application of PEEP, and there was no net increase in EtCO₂ following capnoperitoneum till 30 min (34.5 ± 3.5 mmHg). Cardiac output fell significantly after the induction in both groups but did not fall any further after the application of PEEP and capnoperitoneum. The application of PEEP of 10 cm H2 O before the creation of capnoperitoneum can maintain EtCO2 within the normal range without making changes in the ventilator parameters, with stable hemodynamics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

3 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

044563   DHANDE R P, SINGHANIA A, GUPTA A ( Radiology Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: dhanderajas@gmail.com) : Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluation of intracranial infections. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 26-9.

The objective is to evaluate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluation of intracranial infections. The present study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi, Maharashtra, India. Participants after understanding the study protocol and procedure were asked to give their written consent for the study. DWI was performed on 24 patients having ring-enhancing lesions on their post-contrast brain magnetic resonance imaging scans with infective etiology. Commonly found lesions were tuberculomas, cysticercosis, pyogenic abscess, and fungal infections. Correlation of all these findings was done with histopathology obtained in all these patients. DWI and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were calculated. Results: Tuberculomas showed heterogeneous areas of restricted diffusion on DWI were as pyogenic abscess showed homogenous restricted diffusion, the mean ADC values from of these lesions were 0.74 × 10⁻³ and 0.5 × 10⁻³ mm2 /s, respectively. Fungal abscesses were also ring enhancing. They had restricted diffusion in the central nonenhancing portions. Mean ADC for all fungal lesions was 0.33 ± 0.06 × 10⁻³ mm2 /s, with an average ADC ratio of 0.43. However, there was no significant difference between ADC values of pyogenic abscess and fungal abscess. The vesicular cysts of NCC showed ring enhancement but no significant restriction on DWI, the ADC values from the vesicular cysticercus cysts core measured (1.66 ± 0.29) ×10 ^{− 3} mm² /s, which was highest among the infective intracranial infection. DWI is noninvasive method with high sensitivity and specificity which can help in differentiation of infective ring‑enhancing lesions. Fungal cerebral abscesses may have central restricted diffusion similar to that of bacterial abscesses but with histologic features of acute or chronic inflammation and necrosis rather than suppuration.Altered water diffusion in these lesions likely reflects highly proteinaceous fluid and cellular infiltration. The tuberculoma and NCC lesions showed heterogeneous and no restriction on DWI respectively with significant change in the ADC values which helped in differentiating these lesions. This modality should be read in conjunction with conventional imaging.

5 illus, 15 ref

044560   BHATT A, VINAYAK N, ACHARYA N (Obstetrics and Gynecology Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: ashishbhatts.ab@gmail.com) : Role of intravenous iron sucrose in comparison to oral ferrous sulfate for prophylaxis of anemia in pregnant women. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 12-5.

The aim of our study is to compare intravenous (IV) iron sucrose with ferrous sulfate for prophylactic iron therapy in pregnancy in terms of hemoglobin percent (Hb%) rise. One hundred and fifty‑four pregnant women fulfilling the inclusion criteria, with Hb >10gm/dl, between 20 and 24 weeks were selected and divided into two groups, 77 each. Group A was allotted to use three doses of iron sucrose, each dose 200 mg in 100 ml normal saline as infusion over 15–20 min at 20–24, 25–28, and 29–32 weeks, respectively, and Group B was allotted to use oral ferrous sulfate 200 mg tablet once daily at bed time. All pregnant women were followed till 32 weeks. Hb % was estimated for both the groups at 20–24 weeks, 25–28 weeks, and 29–32 weeks, and statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test, Student’s paired, and unpaired t-test with the SPSS software version 24.0 and Graph Pad Prism 7.0 version, and P < 0.05 is considered as level of statistical significance. Mean Hb% at 20–24 weeks in patients of Group A was 11.11 ± 0.89, and in Group B, it was 11.04 ± 0.80; mean Hb% at 29–32 weeks in patients of Group A was 12.39 ± 0.99, and in Group B, it was 12.23 ± 0.89.  IV iron sucrose can be used as prophylaxis for anemia in pregnant women as it requires less follow-up and causes a rapid increase in hemoglobin.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

044559   VARMA A, SHARMA V, DAMKE S, MESHRAM R J, KHER A, VAGHA J (Pediatrics Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: avarma2055@gmail.com) : Clinical presentation of cyanotic congenital heart diseases in the pediatric population. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 7-11.

The cases of cyanotic heart diseases are commonly admitted for medical and surgical management. Aims and Objective: The aim was to study the clinical presentation of congenital cyanotic heart diseases. For inclusion in the study, children suffering from congenital cyanotic heart diseases from age of 2 months admitted in the pediatric wards and intensive care unit were included in the this study. Results: During the study period of 1 year, 80 cases were included. This study noted that males were 55 % than females. Presenting complaints in majority of patients was difficulty in breathing .They also had repeated episodes of LRTI in past. Malnutrition was seen in more than 50 % of the cases of cyanotic congenital heart disease. SPO₂ was low in majority of these children; SpO₂ levels were above 90 % among 12 patients (15 %). Cyanosis was the most frequent sign. The apex beat was diffuse in 26 cases, more common in cases with increased pulmonary blood flow 18 (70 %). Thrill was most common in tetralogy of fallot (TOF) physiology cases. The palpable P2 was observed in eight cases and palpable epigastric pulsations seen in three children in increased pulmonary blood flow cyanotic heart diseases. On auscultation, second heart sound findings were that the soft S2 was observed mostly in TOF and loud S2 in increased pulmonary blood flow cyanotic heart diseases. The shunt murmurs were observed in 12 cases and ventricular septal defect was seen in 8 cases and atrial septal defect in 4 cases. The most common murmur was ejection systolic murmur in the study. The most common congenital cyanotic disease was TOF 38 (47.5 %), while the complication was congestive heart failure 14 (37 %). On X-ray showed cardiomegaly and electrocardiogram revealed right axis deviation.  The cyanotic heart diseases present with mostly cyanosis, difficulty in breathing, and low oxygen saturation. The general signs were more common than systemic signs.

34 ref

044558   DAKHODE S, GAIDHANE A, CHOUDHARI S, MUNTODE P, WAGH V, ZAHIRUDDIN Q S (Community Medicine Dep, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Univ, Wardha, Maharashtra, Email: sarikac31@gmail.com) : Determinants for accessing emergency obstetric care services at peripheral health facilities in a block of Wardha District, Maharashtra: A qualitative study. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2020, 15(1), 1-6.

In India, emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services were started under RCH-II program (2004) with the goal to reduce maternal mortality ratio <100/lakh live births and increase institutional deliveries to at least 80 % by 2010. Implemented strategy was to enhance availability and accesses to EmOC services. This study was conducted in one of the blocks of Wardha district in Maharashtra to understand the accessibility for providing EmOC services at primary health center and rural hospital in the last 1 year. This cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted from May 2018 to October 2018. Data were collected by key informant interviews of service providers. Notes were transcribed and then translated into English. Respondents’ verbatim that is significant and illustrative as per the theme of the study was used for analysis. Equipment and drugs essential for EmOC were available; however, most of these were underutilized due to lack of skill in selected facilities. Basic EmOC training pattern was found inadequate in duration and practical skill. Training and recruitment of staff constantly were observed challenging for higher stakeholders. Of all EmOC signal functions, only parental antibiotics, oxytocics, and assisted vaginal delivery (episiotomy) were provided. Although building infrastructure, drugs, equipment, and transportation facilities were accessible, needy women may fail to receive timely and quality EmOC, due to lack of trained staff, low confidence, and lack of motivation in managing obstetric emergencies.

1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

044557   HETTERICH L, ZIEMEN L, DILLMANN U, FAßBENDER K, SPIEGEL J (Neurology Dep, Saarland Univ, Germany) : Impact of biographical factors on non-motor symptoms in parkinson´s disease –There is a positive effect of antidiabetic drugs. J Curr Neurobiol 2020, 11(1), 18-22.

The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the impact of several biographical factors on the course of non-motor symptoms in PD. 89 PD patients underwent CERAD testing, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionaire-8 (PDQ8). Additionally, a self-designed questionnaire collected biographical factors which exist since at least six years: gender, predominant motor type of PD (tremor, rigidity or equivalence type), body side of onset, handedness, presence of defined common diseases (hypertonia, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism), need of care, antidepressant usage and presence of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of bilateral subthalamic nuclei. The presence of diabetes mellitus type II diagnosis (including an antidiabetic medication) and DBS positively influenced the cognitive function in PD. Patients with higher need of care (2^nd and 3^rd degree) reported a significantly lower quality of life (in the PDQ 8 score), were significantly more depressed (in the BDI score) and had significantly more cognitive deficits than patients without need of care. The positive effect of diabetes mellitus type II on cognitive functions may be explained by neuroprotective effect of antidiabetic drugs. The positive effect of DBS might be caused by a bias due to the exclusion criteria for DBS. Need of care is an unfavourable prognostic factor for numerous non-motor symptoms.

30 ref

044556   TROGRLIC D (Family business “DREN” Ltd, Herzegovina, Email: dragan.trogrlic@tel.net.ba) : Treatment of multiple glioblastoma with herbal medicines. J Curr Neurobiol 2020, 11(1), 8-17.

Although it has been proven that the active metabolite of plants from the genus Artemisia L. can pass through the blood-brain barrier, so far only one paper has been published on the successful use of herbal medicines, which include the aforementioned plant, in the treatment of glioblastoma. The patients took five types of herbal medicines (in the form of tea) on a daily basis at regular intervals. The preparations were in combination with oncological treatment and continued to be used after the oncological treatment was completed. In subjects with tumour progression, the composition of the herbal medicines was modified. The results of the treatment were monitored by scanning the affected site by nuclear magnetic resonance technique or evaluated on the basis of the patients’ current need for corticosteroids. In the first two patients, whose treatment with temozolomide was discontinued, the growth of the larger (symptomatic) tumour was haltedafter the introduction of phytotherapy, and the regression of secondary deposits also occurred. In the remaining 3 subjects,who had been treated with a combination of temozolomide and phytotherapy, there was a reduction of tumour size, and it should be emphasized that, after 33 months of phytotherapy, the fourth patient showed a complete regression of all tumour lesions. The lack of a clear strategy for the treatment of multiple glioblastomas, as well as the limited number of therapy options, are the reason for the very modest results achieved today in the treatment of these tumours. The results presented in this paper show that phytotherapy has its place in the treatment of glioblastoma presenting with multiple lesions at the time of diagnosis.

5 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

042464   PATEL B, PARMAR S, PADH H (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar–388 120, Gujarat) : Development and validation of rp-hplc method for simulataneous estimation of resveratrol and orlistat in bulk and synthetic mixture. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 158-66.

A simple, precise, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Resveratrol and Orlistat. ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18 Column (100mm x 4.6 mm, 3.5µm) with mobile phase consisting of mixture of acetonitrile: water (90:10) and pH adjusted to 5 with Orthophosphoric acid. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 305 nm for RES, 210 nm for ORL. The retention time was 10 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 5-30 and 20-80 μg/ml for RES and ORL respectively. The respective linear regression equation being y=88761x+139736 and y=39240x+366015 for RES and ORL respectively .The limit of detection (LOD) for RES and ORL were found to be 0.86 and 0.37. While limit of quantification (LOQ) for RES and ORL were found to be 2.86 and 1.23 respectively. The percentage assay of RES and ORL was 100 %. The repeatability, intraday and inter day were found in the limit as per ICH guidelines. Thus developed method was precise. The method can be successfully employed for the simultaneous determination of RES and ORL in fixed dose pharmaceutical formulations. ICH guidelines Q2(R1) is considered for the validation of RP-HPLC method.

4 illus, 10 tables, 13 ref

042463   JOSHI N, KAVYA Y, JYOTIRMAYEE K, BHAVANI K, TEJASHREE V (Pharmacognosy Dep, Pulla Reddy Institute of Pharmacy, Sanga Reddy - 502 313, Hyderabad) : Preparation of silver nano particles from the leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris and evaluation of its anti-diabetic activity. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), .

Alstoniascholarisis commonly known as Devil tree belonging to the familyApocynaceae. Alstoniascholarisspecies are used as medicinal agent for the treatment of various diseases. This study was conducted to develop an ecofriendly, cheap and effective procedure for the green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Alstoniascholarisleaf aqueous extract (ASAE) and evaluating their in-vitro Anti-diabetic activity. Addition of ASAE to AgNO₃(1mM) solution kept on stirring at 60 ^oC resulted in the formation of Alstoniascholarisaqueous extract loaded Nanoparticles (ASAENP). Synthesized Nanoparticles are subjected to characterization by various procedures. UVVisible spectroscopy showed absorption peak at 440nm which was present in ASAE and AgNO₃. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the absorption peaks of different functional groups involved in the formation of ASAENP. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed average size ranging from 72.9nm to 144.9nm with an average size of 115.95nm and are spherical in shape. Particle size was determined and its size was found to be 263.3 nm. Stability of ASAENP was determined by Zeta Potential which was found to be -61.3mV &Electrophoretic Mobility mean was found to be - 0.000474cm²/Vs. Successfully characterized ASAENP were evaluated for their in-vitro Antidiabetic activities such asalpha-amylase activity and alpha-glucosidase activity. Acarbose was used as a standard.

7 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

042462   RAO P V, MEGHANA P, BHAVANA J, LAKSHMI K B, RAMYA K (Vikas Coll of Pharmacy, Krishna District - 521 215, Andhra Pradesh) : Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of glasdegib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 144-9.

A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Glasdegib in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Glasdegib was achieved on Waters Alliance-e2695, by using Waters Symmetry C₁₈, 150x4.6mm, 3.5µm column and the mobile phase containing 0.1 % TEA adjusting pH=2.5 with OPA & Acetonitrile in the ratio of 90:10 % v/v. The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 268nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Glasdegib is NLT 2000 and should not more than 2 respectively. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Glasdegib.

3 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

042461   RAO P V, RANI J L, KUMARI M R, KALYANI G, SIRISHA G, REDDY P N (Vikas Coll of Pharmacy, Krishna District, - 521 215, Andhra Pradesh) : Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of pitolisant in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 137-43.

A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Pitolisant in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Pitolisant was achieved on Waters Alliance-e2695, by using Waters X-Bridge Phenyl, 150mm x 4.6mm, 3.5µm, column and the mobile phase containing 0.1 % OPA& ACNin the ratio of 30:70 % v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 210nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Pitolisant was NLT 2000 and should not more than 2respectively. % Relative standard deviation of peak area of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Pitolisant and study of its stability.

3 illus, 8 tables, 11 ref

042460   BICHALA P K , SHARMA R, KUMAR N, LAWAL A, IBRAHIM A, UMAR M (Pratap Univ, Sunderpura – 303 104, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Analytical method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of darunavir and cobicistat by RP- HPLC method. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 131-6.

A new method was established for simultaneous estimation of Cobicistat and Darunavir by RPHPLC method. The chromatographic conditions were successfully developed for the separation of Cobicistat and Darunavir by using Xterra C18 5µm (4.6*250mm) column, flow rate was 1ml/min, mobile phase ratio was Phosphate buffer (0.05M) pH 4.6: ACN (55:45 %v/v) (pH was adjusted with orthophosphoric acid), detection wave length was 255nm. The instrument used was WATERS HPLC Auto Sampler, Separation module 2695, PDA Detector 996, Empowersoftware version-2. The analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines (ICH, Q2 (R1)). The linearity study for Cobicistat and Darunavir was found in concentration range of 1μg-5μg and 100μg-500μg and correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.999 and 0.999, % mean recovery was found to be 100 % and 100.5 %, % RSD for repeatability was 0.2 and 0.4, % RSD for intermediate precision was 0.5 and 0.1 respectively.

7 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

042459   BICHALA P K , YADAV S K, GUPTA S, IDRIS F, KANNADASAN M, KUMARI A (Pratap Univ, Sunderpura – 303 104, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Development and validation of rp-hplc method for the assay of crizotinib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 125-30.

A simple, Precised, Accurate method was developed for the estimation of Crizotinib by RP-HPLC technique. Chromatographic conditions used are stationary phase BDS 250 x 4.6 mm, 5. Mobile phase buffer: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40and flow rate was maintained at 1ml/min, detection wave length was 267 nm, column temperature was set to 30oC and diluent was methanol:Water (50:50), Conditions were finalized as optimized method. System suitability parameters were studied by injecting the standard five times and results were well under the acceptance criteria. Linearity study was carried out between 25 % to150 % levels, R2 value was found to be as 0.999. Precision was found to be 1.26 for repeatability and 0.93 for intermediate precision. LOD and LOQ are 0.080µg/ml and 0.243µg/ml respectively. By using above method assay of marketed formulation was carried out 100.24 % was present.

7 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

042457   AMINABEE S , JAYASHREE D D,RAO A L (Pharmacology Dep, V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru, Andhra Pradesh) : Obsessive compulsive disorder and its care-review. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 105-10.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) features a pattern of unreasonable thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive behaviours (compulsions). These obsessions and compulsions interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress. You may try to ignore or stop your obsessions, but that only increases your distress and anxiety. Ultimately, you feel driven to perform compulsive acts to try to ease your stress. Despite efforts to ignore or get rid of bothersome thoughts or urges, they keep coming back. This leads to more ritualistic behaviour, the vicious cycle of OCD. OCD often centres on certain themes. To ease your contamination fears, you may compulsively wash your hands until they're sore and chapped. If you have OCD, you may be ashamed and embarrassed about the condition, but treatment can be effective.

22 ref

042456   DIVIDEVARA S, KUMAR K N, PREETHI K (Vignan Pharmacy Coll, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Gastro retentive drug delivery systems: A review. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 96-104.

In the current days, gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) receive the great attention because they increase the performance of controlled release dosage forms, which can take orally. It is a widely employed technique to retain the dosage form in the stomach for a long period by releasing the drug slowly. These systems improved the patient compliance, which increases the therapeutic index of drugs. Various physiological barriers associated with the gastro retentive drug delivery systems such as short gastric retentive time, variation in gastric emptying time that can reduced by this technique. To formulate GRDDS various approaches like floating drug delivery systems, non-effervescent drug delivery systems, high density drug delivery systems, bioadhesive systems, magnetic systems, expandable systems etc.,. The present review mainly focuses on the requirements for formulating the GRDDS, various approaches involved in formulation and factors affecting gastric residence time.

4 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

042455   MOHAN K S C, SOWMYA CH, NEELIMA K, SUBHRAMANYESWARI P, SRINIVASBABU P (Vignan Pharmacy Coll, Vadlamudi - 522 213, Andhra Pradesh) : Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as anti-hyperlipidemic agent and lactational aid: A review. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 2231 - 2781.

Herbs are used as medicine in various countries by around 80 % of people around the world principally in developing countries. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) commonly known as Methi is an annual herb belonging to the family Papilionaceae. Its seeds are rich source of protein, minerals, vitamins, alkaloids and volatile compounds. In addition, it has broad spectrum of therapeutic properties. It has been used for varied indications in aiding digestion and as general tonic to improve metabolism and health. Human and animal trail suggest that possible antihyperlipidemic and lactation induced properties of oral fenugreek seed powder. Primary active compound of fenugreek is diosgenin, a steroid sapogenin it also contains alkaloids, including trigonelline, gentianine, and carpaine compounds. The seeds also contain fiber 4-hydroxyisoleucine and fenugreekine which are responsible for the anti-hyperlipidemic and lactation effects of fenugreek. The aim of this review is to revel the therapeutic uses of fenugreek mainly inducing lactation and cholesterol lowering action.

2 illus,1 table, 31 ref

042454   SRINIVAS P, VENKATARAMANA K (Pharmacy Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Andhra Pradesh) : Developing and validating an hplc method to quantify simultaneously dutasteride and their related molecules (dutasteride acid, 2,5 bis- (tri fluoro methyl)-aniline and dutasteride 17 α-epimer) in capsules. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 76-89.

Stability indicating HPLC method was suggested to simultaneously estimate dutasteride and their related molecules (dutasteride acid, 2,5 bis-(tri fluoro methyl)-aniline and dutasteride 17 αepimer) in capsules. Stationary phase used was Inertsil ODS-3, 250 mm × 4.6 mm column with 3 μ particle dimension for separation, monitor and quantification. Mobile phase A (MP a) is a mixture of 0.42 % perchloric acid buffer, acetonitrile and methanol in proportion 40:10: 50 (v/v/v). Mobile phase B (MP b) is a mixture of acetonitrile and water in proportion 90:10 (v/v). Elution was gradient mode with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The validation was carried out as stated by USP and ICH guiding principle. Linearity was obtained with concentration range of 0.466 μg/mL (LOQ level) - 7.6414 μg/mL for dutasteride acid, 0.3493 μg/mL (LOQ level) - 7.5599 μg/mL for 2,5 bis-(tri fluoro methyl)-aniline, 0.3962 μg/mL (LOQ level) - 7.6551μg/mL for dutasteride17α-epimer and 0.4012 μg/mL (LOQ level) - 7.5294 μg/mL for dutasteride. The precision, accuracy, system suitability ruggedness and robustness results are within the criteria of acceptance. Hence, the developed and validated methodology stands for usage in routine analysis and stability sample analysis.

5 illus, 9 tables, 18 ref

042453   UMESH A, KUMUDHAVALLI MV (Pharmacognosy Dep, Grace Coll of Pharmacy, Kerala- 678 004, Thiruvananthapuram) : A review on phytopharmacological significance of Eclipta alba. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(1), 63-70.

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for more than thousands of years and herbal therapy predominates in traditional systems of medicine. Eclipta alba Hassk is an important small branched annual herbaceous plant in Ayurveda described first by Bhavprakasha and is widely used for treating various ailments in the Indian system of medicine. Aim: Aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the pharmacological activities of various part of Eclipta alba Hassk. Setting and design: This is a contribution which provides a comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal uses, chemical composition, and the pharmacological profile of Eclipta alba Hassk. as an important medicinal plant.

1 iluus, 50 ref

042450   KRISHNA D, GURRAM S, PAVAN A D (DPSc, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: gurramsrinivas4@gmail.com) : Sustainable livelihoods for rural underprivileged women through backyard poultry as a tool. Indian J Poult Sci 2020, 55(2), 165-8.

Backyard poultry is playing a decisive role in providing livelihood and income to rural poor by utilizing natural resources under the scavenging system. A total of 2500 day old chicks (Rajasree – a backyard variety) were reared under deep litter house up to nine weeks of age. At 10 weeks of age, birds were distributed to 60 women beneficiaries covering four villages at the rate of 20 female + 10 male per each beneficiary which was reared with nominal supplementary feeding. The male and female average body weights and FCR at 9th week were 611.33 and 525.78g and 3.92 and 4.38 respectively. At the end of the 20^th week, the body weight was 1190.60 and 995.90 g respectively under the backyard system. The average age at first egg and 50 % egg production in the backyard condition was 173 and 200 days, respectively. The mean body weight at 52 weeks was 2688.20 and 1823.65g in males and females, respectively. The peak means hen day egg production was 61.24 % at 48 weeks of age with an average egg weight of 54.87g. The average mortality during the study period was 14.80 and 9.01 % respectively in females and males. All the beneficiaries realized Rs. 6, 18, 406/- through the sale of eggs, chicks, and culled birds. A measure of Rs. 343.55/- was acknowledged from each bird excluding chick cost. The outcome indicated that rural farmers have created Rs. 35.06/- as overall gain every day by keeping up 30 Rajasree birds. Therefore, the present study indicated the importance of adapting the backyard poultry farming for the economic upliftment of rural underprivileged women.

6 tables, 16 ref

042449   VIJAYASARATHI M K, MEENAKSHISUNDARAM A, DHIVYA B, JEYATHILAKAN N, LATCHUMIKANTHAN A, SELVARAJ J (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Veterinary Coll and Research Institute, Thanjavur District - 614 625, Tamil Nadu, Email: sarathivet@gmail.com) : Retrospective study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in backyard chickens in cauvery delta region. Indian J Poult Sci 2020, 55(2), 161-3.

As a retrospective study, a total of 60 helminth parasites were received from post mortem examination of 42 backyard poultry during the period of January 2016 to December 2019. These helminths were identified following the standard protocols for identification of parasites. Among the helminths, Ascaridia galli (45.00 %), Raillietina tetragona (16.66 %), Heterakis gallinarum (13.33 %), Raillietina echinobothrida (11.66 %), Tetrameres spp. (8.33 %), Capillaria spp. (3.33 %) and Subulura brumpti (1.66 %) were recorded. A. galli helminth infection was highly prevalent during the study period.

1 table, 16 ref

042448   MUTHUSAMY P, LATCHUMIKANTHAN A, THIRUMAVALAVAN R (Veterinary Univ Training and Research Centre, Villupuram - 605 601, Email: palaniappan.muthusamy70@gmail.com) : Mixed infection of helminthiasis and caecal coccidiosis in a native chicken farm from Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Poult Sci 2020, 55(2), 157-60.

The present study reported the mixed infection of roundworm Ascaridia galli and caecal coccidiosis by Eimeria species in a native chicken farm having 70 numbers of two and half month old Aseel chicken maintained in a semi-intensive system at Kolathur, Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. History of the affected chicken farm includes dullness in birds, inappetance, brownish colour diarrhoea mixed with blood voided by few birds and mortality of 4 birds within 2 days (5.71 %) of onset. Necropsy examination of carcasses revealed that emaciated carcass, soiling of vent with reddish droppings, roundworm infestation in the small intestine and enlargement of caecum with haemorrhages. Examination of intestinal mucosal contents revealed oval eggs with 75 × 50 ìm size confirmed as Ascaridia galli egg. The collected round worms from small intestine belong to Ascaridia galli. Microscopic examination of caecal contents showed unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria sp. Random collection of faecal samples from live birds also confirmed the prevalence of Ascaridia galli (28.57 %) and Eimeria sp. (21.42 %) in the farm. This study indicates mixed parasitic infections and importance of deworming and specific treatment for disease of the native Aseel chickens in a semi-intensive system of rearing.

5 tables, 14 ref

042447   ROSE T F A, VARUN A, KANNAN P, YUGUDA M U, EZHILVALAVAN S, OMPRAKASH A V (Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Dep, Madras Veterinary Coll, Chennai, Email: rajavet2002@gmail.com) : Screening of poultry eggs for the presence of ESBL resistant salmonella from Chennai. Indian J Poult Sci 2020, 55(2), 151-5.

Salmonella is a major food-borne pathogen and poultry being a primary source of infection due to the consumption of contaminated eggs and meat. In the present study, a total of 250 samples, 50 each of egg washings, shell membrane, albumen, yolk and egg tray swabs were collected in and around organized poultry farms in Chennai. The samples were screened for presence of Salmonella by standard conventional protocols and were further evaluated to detect the presence of ESBL resistance by phenotypic (Disc Placement method) and genotypic methods (PCR targeting 3 different ESBL resistance genes viz., CTX-M, SHV and TEM). The prevalence of Salmonella was recorded at 11.6 % (29/250) and sample wise prevalence rate was 22 % in egg washings (11/50), 20 % in egg tray swab (10/50), 8 % in shell membrane and albumen (4/50) and 0 % in yolk, respectively. The disc placement method revealed that all the 29 Salmonella isolates showed multiple mechanisms of resistance. PCR assay revealed that the prevalence of Salmonella ESBL resistance was 27.58 % (8/29) for CTX-M, 58.61 % (17/29) for SHV and 89.65 % (26/29) for TEM. ESBL antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from the present study indicates that the isolates from the study area were resistant to the antibiotics, which may have the potential of transferring the antibiotic resistance gene to other enteric pathogens. Hence, an appropriate intervention strategies need to be devised at both farm level and retail outlets to ensure the food safety.

6 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

042445   PANWAR V S, GUPTA S K, KARMORE S K (Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Dep, Veterinary Science and A.H. Coll, MHOW-453446, NDVSU, Jabalpur, MP, Email: vetskgupta@rediffmail.com) : Histological and ultra-structural studies on the reticuloepithelial and lymphoid cells of thymus in Kadaknath fowl. Indian J Poult Sci 2020, 55(2), 143-6.

The lymphoid tissue plays an important role in the defense against all pathogen. Out of the primary lymphoid organs, the thymus is first lymphoid organ formed in the developing embryos. The rapid growth of the thymus take place just after birth of the poultry for the production of large number of mature T-cells due to large exposure of antigens. Twenty five Kadaknath birds from day old to thirty weeks of age divided into five groups were reared in college poultry farm. In the thymus of Kadaknath fowls of different age groups, histomorphological and ultrastructural studies was performed to observe the details of reticuloepithelial cells and lymphoid cells. The fibrous capsule was surrounding the gland and the parenchyma of the gland was consisted of outer cortex and inner medulla. In the parenchyma of the thymic gland dark, pale and a third type of reticuloepithelial cells were observed. Similarly small, medium and large sized lymphocytes were also observed in the parenchyma of the gland. But the number of these lymphocytes were more in the cortex than the medulla. Histologically in the lymphocytes a rim of light coloured cytoplasm was observed around the dark coloured clumped chromatin nucleus. These cells were responsible for defense against all the pathogens.

6 illus, 11 ref

042444   SHARMA A, SWAMY M, TIWARI A, DUBEY A, VERMA Y (Veterinary Pathology Dep, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science Univ, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drmadhuswamy1@gmail.com) : Oxidative stress markers in broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Indian J Poult Sci 2020, 55(2), 139-42.

The present study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress markers in muscles of birds under heat stress and correlation was done with the serum markers of muscle injury. A total of 26 samples including blood and muscle tissues were obtained from meat birds during slaughter and same number of samples were collected from healthy birds for comparative studies. Different oxidative stress related biochemical parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were carried out in the tissue homogenate and measured. Several muscle injury markers including creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were estimated in serum sample. Significant differences were observed in the GSH as 16.57±0.37 and 6.72±0.88 (µM) and MDA concentration as 28.05±0.96 and 54.62±1.47 (nmol/g), respectively in healthy and heat stressed birds. The serum concentration of CK and LDH were significantly increased in birds under heat stress whereas, AST showed a non-significant increase in serum. The study concluded that heat stress resulted in oxidative stress of muscles as evidenced by reduced GSH and increased MDA in affected muscle tissue of birds.

2 tables, 25 ref

042408   JEEVANNAVAR J S, APPANNAVAR S, MENDIGERI S S (S.D.M. Univ, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: sangeeta.bpt@gmail.com) : Prevalence of obesity in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A retrospective report. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the ten most common gynaecological problems and the leading cause of female infertility. PCOS not only affects the physical health, but also the mental health of women. Prevalence of higher levels of psychological distress in women with PCOS has been well documented. Obesity which also leads to psychological stress and issues too has been documented as a cause of PCOS. Despite the increasing incidence of the syndrome, limited research has been done to study the prevalence of obesity among women with PCOS. The aim of this study was thus to find the prevalence of obesity in women who were diagnosed to have PCOS. The data of 73 women who approached the institution for diagnosis and management of PCOS were included in the study. Demographic data like age, height and weight of the women at the time of diagnosis of PCOS were collected and subjected to analysis. The results showed that 42 % women had normal BMI and 14 % were underweight. Overweight and obese women constituted 22 % each. The result of the study suggests that obesity and overweight may not necessarily be the cause of PCOS.

1 tables, 13 ref

042407   PAWAR J S, SHUKLA S, JAIN H, KUMAR A (Dpo’s Nett Coll of Physiotherapy, Thane, Mumbai, Email: srj.shukla.89@gmail.com) : Effect of aerobic exercise training on energy expenditure by physiological cost index in obese individuals. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

To find the effect of aerobic exercise training on energy expenditure by physiological cost index in obese individuals. Obese individual tend to expend more energy in any particular task as compared to normal weight individuals. Aerobic exercise has been the subject of investigation to improve energy expenditure. This was an experimental pre/post study. 30 obese individuals between the age group of 18‑28 years were included in the study. All the 30 individuals were divided in a group of 5 each. The difference of pre to post PCI week 1 of each subjects was calculated before the exercise programme. The individuals then underwent a group aerobic exercise training,training was imparted for 3 days for 4 consecutive weeks. The training program included warm up, training phase and cool down. The difference of pre to post PCI week 4 was then calculated. The data was statistically analyzed using student paired t test. Aerobic exercise showed a significant decrease in the physiological coast index after 4 weeks. (p = <0.0001*). A 4 week aerobic exercise training is effective in improving energy expenditure in obese individuals. 

5 ref

042406   PATEL J K, PATEL V G, DESAI N R, PATEL N R, MUKKHI M S, RIBADIYA P K (S.S. Agrawal Institute of Physiotherapy and Medical Care Education, Navsari-396 445, Email: vandana7381@gmail.com) : Effect of 4 weeks balance training program in healthy young adults: A randomized clinical trial study. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

The balance is a complex motor task, which requires the interaction of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system and contextual factors. It is important to maintain balance during daily activities like walking, stair climbing, running, jumping and other recreational activities in healthy young individual. Available literature suggests use of many strategies for improving balance. Out of which balance board and BOSU ball trainings are most commonly used strategies which are yet to be discussed for the intensity of training and its effectiveness. To check the significant effectiveness and difference in the two balance training techniques after a 4 weeks Intervention using BOSU Ball and Balance Board for improving balance in healthy young adults. The purpose and the procedure of the research was explained to the subjects and On the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were requested and those who were willing to participate in the research were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups for BOSU Ball and Balance Board training, the intervention was given for 4 weeks. The pre and post-test measurement was taken using SEBT to check effectiveness of the training devices. Both groups showed statistical significant improvement (p = 0.001) pre and post training within the groups but there was no statistical significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). 4 weeks Of Continuous Balance Training using BOSU Ball and Balance Board is effective in improving balance.

42 ref

042405   SHAH H, SHAH N, SHAH P, PATEL H (IKDRC-ITS Coll of Physiotherapy, Medicity, Ahmedabad, Email: hardahshah@gmail.com) : Analysis of psychometric properties of Gujarati and hindi version of international physical activity questionnaire- long form in Indian kidney transplant recipients. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

Systematic data on physical activity level in Indian kidney transplanted patients are limited. Physical activity is considered an essential part of healthy life style for all population including kidney transplant recipients. The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) is internationally accepted self-reported screening tool for assessment of physical activity. However, till date Gujarati and Hindi version of IPAQ is not validated for Indian kidney transplant recipients. To validate the Gujarati and Hindi translated version of IPAQ long form in Indian kidney transplant recipients. Original English version of IPAQ-long form was translated in Gujarati and Hindi language and evaluated for face, construct, concurrent validity and test retest reliability among Gujarati and Hindi transplant recipients. 4 questions out of 27 were modified with 80 % consensus of panelist to achieve face validity of both version of questionnaire. Total physical activity score of Gujarati (r=0.83) and Hindi (r=0.72) version were positively correlated with 6MWD in male transplant patients suggesting accepted construct validity. There was high positive correlation noted between all component of English, Gujarati and Hindi version (r>0.8, p<0.05) having good concurrent validity and acceptable test retest reliability. The modified Gujarati and Hindi version of IPAQ long form showed acceptable validity and reliability for the assessment of physical activity among kidney transplant recipients.

5 tables, 25 ref

042404   SINGH G, BALI A (Rehbar-e-Khel in Youth Services and Sports Dep, Govt Boys Hr Sec School, Jammu (J&K)) : Play India youth games (khelo India): scheme for promotion of sports in India. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

Sports is an extremely important component for the overall development of our nation. India in the last few years has made steady progress in the field of sports. Keeping in view the Khelo India programme has been introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grass root level by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and establish India as a great sporting nation. This program costing Rs. 1756 crore will be spent on 2018-20 to 2019-20 period. This game program will be used as a tool for personality development, community development, economic development and national development. Ministry of Finance on 28th October, 2015, had advised this Department to suitably restructure the Centrally Sponsored Scheme into a Central Sector Scheme and divided State Governments throughout India by dividing the states into six zones, i.e., Northern, Central, E astern, North E astern, Southern and Western zones. This paper explores fully the contents of Kheloindia scheme such as details of scheme, its components, infrastructure, administration, financial implications, monitoring and many more.

3 illus, 10 ref

042403   KUMAR G, KAUR D, BILLORE N, JEYARAMAN R K (Neurology Dep, Medical Coll & Hospital, Patna, Bihar) : Efficacy of pivotal response training in management of visual conceptual deficits in adult autistic population. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

Recent years have witnessed revolutionized increase in number of Autistic individuals. With world-wide prevalence rate ranging from 7-13 cases per 10,000. In India, the occurrence is approximately 1 in 500 people . Among various impairments seen in Autism, visual conceptual deficit is the one which leads to impaired complex information processing and task shifting activities; leading to difficulties in executive functions. The aim of the present study was to examine visual conceptual deficit in these individuals and subsequently give a therapy which aims at reducing this deficit. 40 adults with Autism, both male and female satisfying the inclusion criteria was included for the study (age 30-50 years). Their visual conceptual deficit was measured using Comprehensive Trail Making Test. Thereafter, they were subjected to Pivotal Response Training for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of the therapy the effectiveness of Pivotal Response Training was re-evaluated using Comprehensive Trail Making Test. The subjects showed an improvement in multitask performance post pivotal response training and also significant improvement in visual conceptualization i.e. visual tracking and visual set shifting tasks. Conclusion: The findings in the present study focus a new light on the efficacy of Pivotal Response Training in improvement of visual conceptual deficit in adults with Autism.

3 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

042402   PATANE G R, KADAM N A (Paediatrics Dep, “Deemed to be Univ” Karad, Karad, Maharashtra, Email: gayatripatane18@gmail.com) : Prevalence of ankle sprain in paediatric football players. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 0.37506/ijpot.v.

The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of ankle sprain in paediatric football player. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. School students playing football were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After consent from parents, the footballers were asked a set of questions related to ankle sprain. And accordingly study was carried out to find the prevalence of ankle sprain in paediatric footballers. After analysing the data, it was found that 46 % of children had ankle sprain. Among this 46 % of population, inversion type of ankle sprain was most common with prevalence of 36 % followed by eversion with prevalence of 7 %. After analysis it was concluded that the prevalence of ankle sprain was 46 %.

6 tables, 20 ref

042401   GANESH B R, PRATIKSHA PATIL P, ANJELA RODRIGUES A (KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, Email: drganeshnssofficer@gmail.com) : Effect of muscle energy technique on strength and range of motion in young swimmers with sick scapula syndrome: A pre-post clinical trial. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

There are various overhead injuries which mainly affect the shoulder complex in swimmers and one among them is sick scapula syndrome which results in muscular imbalance in such athletes. The abbreviation SICK stands for Scapular malposition, Inferior medial border prominence, Coracoid pain and malposition, Dyskinesia. In this study 26 subjects with sick scapula syndrome were taken into the study by evaluating through the lateral scapular slide test (LSST), the subjects affected were given muscle energy technique to increase the strength of the scapular muscles the technique was given for 45-60 seconds thrice in a week for three weeks and all the subjects were immediately assessed using MMT. The t and p value of Pre and Post ROM scale of Extension was 11.523 and 0.001. The t and p value of Pre and Post ROM scale of Internal rotation was 10.490 and 0.001. The t and p value of Pre and Post ROM scale of external rotation was 12.569 and 0.001 which is statistically significant. The t and p value of Pre and Post MMT scale of serratus anterior was 1.995 and 0.050. The t and p value of Pre and Post MMT scale of Pectoralis Minor was 5.000 and 0.001. The t and p value of Pre and Post MMT scale of Latissimus dorsi was 2.440 and 0.022. The t and p value of Pre and Post MMT scale of Trapezius was 6.325 and 0.001 which is statistically significant. The present study results demonstrate that of Muscle energy techniques effective in increasing the range of motion and strength in young swimmers within the age group of 8 to 15 years with sick scapular syndrome.

2 tables, 8 ref

042400   SHENDE E, SALUNKHE P (Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be Univ, Karad, Maharashtra, Email: drpragatisalunkhe94@gmail.com) : Effect of graded spinal exercises in postnatal women. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

Postpartum or postnatal period begins immediately after the birth of a child as the mother’s body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to non pregnant state. This leads to various postural changes during pregnancy. Changes occur to counter the balance with compensatory changes in spinal column. Most common modification occur in pelvis, lumbar and thoracic curvature during pregnancy. Previous studies have found that postural changes occur after delivery like various spinal changes and correction have been done but not according to the graded exercise therapy . So graded spinal exercises are used in this study for these spinal correction. To determine the effect of graded spinal exercises program in postnatal women. To correct the posture of the postnatal women. Total 40 subjects were selected aged between 25 to 35 years according inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prior consent was taken. Pre assessment was taken for postural examination. After that subjects were asked to perform the set of exercises as noted in the protocol. This set of exercises were practiced for 45 min/day, 5days/week and for 3 weeks. The results gained after completing the one month protocol was noted by post assessment for postural examination. The change in individual’s was noted and thus conclusion was made. The study concluded that there was significant improvement noted for postural correction with graded spinal exercises in postnatal women.

4 tables, 15 ref

042399   RUPARELIYA D A, SHUKLA Y U (Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad) : Need for cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported health measures: Review study. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 10.37506/ijpot..

Most of the self-reported health measures are designed in English speaking countries and according to western culture. Need arises for the tools of measurement in non-English speaking population and different cultural background. The purpose of the study is to highlight the need for either development of new measure or cross-cultural adaptation of existing measures according to differences in daily activities and considering the language. Guidelines will help physiotherapists in deciding whether to develop a new measure or to adapt the existing one. Literature was reviewed and studies were found out from search engines and databases like Google scholar, PubMed, Cochrane review from the year 1990 to 2019. Studies recommending need for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported health measures were identified. PRISMA and STROBE checklist were used for analyzing and reporting articles. Studies were qualitatively analyzed. Method implied in translation and adaption process were critically reviewed. Scenarios in which language and cultural difference exist were ruled out. Guidelines and criteria for cross-cultural adaptation were found out. The current study shows that cross-cultural adaptation saves resources. It is also less extensive and offers standard measure for assessment. However, extensive guidelines must be followed and adapted tool must undergo validation process. Cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported health measure is advisable as compared to the development of new measure.

2 tables, 19 ref