008626   Celine Hilda Mary S;Bhuvaneswari D;Anandan R (PG and Research Dep of Biochemistru, St. Joseph's college of Arts & Science, Suddalore, Tamilnadu-607 001, Email: celinehildamary@yahoo.in) : Protective effect of "Raphanus sativus" extract against copper sulphate toxicity in "Ctenopharyngodon idella" fish. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(6), 2620-4.

The living organisms of the aquatic ecosystem have been directly affected by the accumulation of the heavy metals in the aquatic environment 1. Fishes are very good biosensors of aquatic contaminants and as bio-indicator species respond with great sensitivity to changes in the aquatic environment. Copper will accumulate in many different organs in fish and mollusks. In the present study the acute toxicity of copper sulphate was analyzed by the exposure of the copper sulphate to the fresh water fish Grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) in the concentration of (3ppm/l for 15 days). The vital organs like Gill, Liver, and muscle tissues showed pronounced effect on the activity of enzymes. Copper sulphate administration decreases the activity of the antioxidants SOD (superoxide dismutase), and CAT (catalase), and the activity of the enzymes GPx (Glutathione peroxidase), GR (Glutathione reductase), GSH (Reduced Glutathione) to the significant level in all the tissues. The level of Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was increased in all the tissues compared to the control group. The decreased activity of antioxidants may indicates the presence of reactive oxygen species which induces peroxidation. The study suggested that the presence of toxic heavy metals like copper sulphate in the aquatic environment has strong influence on the antioxidant in the fresh water fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The activity of the antioxidants were reversed nearly to the normal levels significantly after the treatment with Raphanus Sativus leaves extract with the concentration of 250 mg/l for 15 days.

29 ref

008625   Burhamzah R;Natsir Djide M;Rante H;Zainuddin E N (Pharmacy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia, Email: ita_burhamzah@yahoo.com) : Isolation and screening of antimicrobial-producing actinomycetes from marine sediment of Galesong coast, Indonesia. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(1), 31-4.

Isolation and screening of antimicrobial-producing marine actinomycetes has been conducted on isolates taken from marine sediment samples which were collected from various depths of Galesong Coast. Isolation was carried out by using heat shock treatment (heat at 50o C for 10 minutes) and isolates were grown in Starch Nitrate Agar medium added with Nistatin as antifungal. The results obtained 2 isolates of actinomycetes. The screening revealed that isolate GLS-01 has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli which was then fermented in Starch Nitrate Broth for 11 days. In the test of antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of fermented isolate GLS-01 with concentrations of 3%, 1.5%, 0.375%, and 0.1875% against Staphylococcus aureus resulted the diameters of inhibition of 14.5 mm, 12.51 mm, 12.31 mm, and 12.26 mm, respectively, and against Escherichia coli resulted the diameters of inhibition of 10.88 mm, 9.65 mm, 9.03 mm, and 7.88 mm, respectively. Based on macroscopic and microscopic features, isolate GLS-01 was suspected to be Streptomyces sp.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

008624   Btissam R;Rajae R;Hassane G;Naima B;Mohammed N (Biology Laboratory of Biochemsitry and Molecular Genetics Dep, Faculty of Sci and Techno Univ, Abdelmalek Essaadi, BP 416, Tangier, Morocco) : Protocol implentation for the detection of advanced glycation end products and screening of natural extracts involved in the prevention of diabetic complication. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(3), 4-15.

Advanced Glycated End products (AGEs) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous affections. To improve a protocol for a rapid detection of glycation, in order to screen potential anti-glycation agents, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and methylglyoxal (MG) were incubated at 37 and 50°C, hourly until 24 h. Electrophoresis and spectrophotometric analysis were used to measure glycated proteins and their aggregations. The anti-AGEs activity screening based on AGEs fluorescence, in 96- well plates, was conducted by incubating BSA and fructose at 50 °C overnight. Quantity of AGEs at 50°C after 6h of incubation was similar to that at 37 °C after 24h. The screening test showed that four extracts had significant inhibitory effect on BSA glycation (between 40 and 50%). In contrast, some extracts activated this non-enzymatic reaction (between 45 and 60%). The fluorescence determination of BSA (20 mg/ml)- Fructose (0.5 M) system is a rapid and reliable way for anti-glycation phytochemicals screening.

20 tables, 47 ref

008623   Biswas D;Deepak Kumar;Suresh Kumar (Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: thakur_pu@yahoo.com) : Neuropharmacological investigations on Acatea acuminata Wall. ex Royle roots. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(1), 27-35.

Actaea acuminata Wall. ex Royle, synonym of Actaea spicata var. acuminata (Wall. ex Royle) H.Hara, commonly called the Himalayan Baneberry ( Ranunculaceae) has been investigated for various pharmacological activities, based on its traditional claims. Properly identified A. acuminata roots were defatted by extracting with petroleum ether. The marc was then extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with methanol. Various pharmacological activities such as antianxiety (Elevated plus maze, Hole board and Light/Dark tests), anticonvulsant (Maximum electroshock test), antidepressant (Despair swim test), sedative (Actophotometer), antistress (Cold swim test), analgesic (Tail immersion test) and anti-inflammatory (Carrageenin-induced paw edema model) were evaluated after administration of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o., doses of methanol extract. The methanol extract exhibited significant antianxiety, anticonvulsant, antidepressant and antistress activities, and mild sedative activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg. It was found to be devoid of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids and polyphenols. Thus, CNS activities of the plant may be attributed to these groups of phytoconstituents.

6 illus, 45 ref

008622   Bishnoi N;Shrivastava B;Bairwa R;Sah S K (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National Univ, Jaipur-302 017, Email: navita.pharma877@gmail.com) : Evaluation of antihyperglycamic activity of Maytenus emarginatus Willd leaves extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in wistar rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(6), 2625-31.

Maytenus emarginatus Willd. Celeastraceae, popularly known as "Kankeri or kankero", is a Thorny staff evergreen tree that is rich in various chemical constituents that determine the medicinal potential of this species. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is affecting major population of the world. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Maytenus emarginatus plant which is widely found in dry and arid regions of India mainly in Rajasthan. The hydroalcholic extract of the leaves of M. emarginata (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n = 6/group) for 21 days. Changes in body weight, food and water intake, biochemical markers, fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated. The results showed that the M. emarginatus dried extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) reduced significantly the level of blood glucose comparable to glibenclamide (10mg/kg) throughout the evaluation period and improved metabolic status of the animals and ameliorate the oral tolerance glucose test. Thus, we conclude that the extract of the leaves of M.emarginatus has antihyperglycemic activity.

22 ref

008621   Bhandare S B;Laddha K S (Medicinal and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Tech, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: snehalbhandare28@yahoo.com) : Simultaneous quantification of kaempferol and quercetin in medicinal plants using HPTLC. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(6), 2379-84.

Kaempferol and quercetin are the flavonoids which are widespread in fruits and vegetables exhibiting important biological activities. A simple and precise HPTLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of kaempferol and quercetin in herbal drug extracts of Podphyllum hexandrum and Cassia angustifolia. The HPTLC of flavonoids was performed with toluene: acetone: formic acid (7:3:0.25) as mobile phases on RP-18 F254 TLC plates. Densitometric determination of flavonoids was performed at λ = 254 nm in reflectance/ absorbance mode. The results obtained indicated that the developed method was precise and accurate. Good resolution of kaempferol and quercetin was obtained from other constituents present in methanolic and hydrolysed extracts of P. hexandrum and C. angustifolia using proposed HPTLC method. Kaempferol was quantified in free (8.01and 2.42 μg/mg) as well as bound (17.54 and 8.13 μg/mg) forms and quercetin in free (4.5 and 0.93 μg/mg) as well as bound form (6.17and 4.8 μg/mg) in P. Hexandrum and C. angustifolia. Kaempferol was found to be present in high concentration and quercetin was in low concentration in these plants. Statistical data showed that method is sensitive and selective for simultaneous determination of flavonoids.

16 ref

008620   Ben-Hadj Mohamed M;Khelil S;BenDbibis M; Khlifi L;Chahed H;Ferchichi S;Bouajina E;Miled A (Biochemistry Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, , Dr Moreau Street, 4000, Sousse, Tinisia, Email: manelbhm@gmail.com) : Case control study of antioxidant and oxidant status in Tunisian rehumatoid arthritis patients. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(6), 2591-6.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with several triggers such as oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase), the total antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and homocysteine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study population consists of 172 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 147 healthy controls. The glutathione peroxidase and the glutathione reductase erythrocyte activities were determined at 340 nm. The catalase activity was measured by colorimetric assay (Goth). The superoxide dismutase activity and the total antioxidant status levels were calculated using the colorimetric method at 505 nm and 600 nm respectively. Plasma malondialdehyde was determined by the spectrofluorometric method of Yagi. Serum homocysteine was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase activities and total antioxidant status levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. However, malondialdehyde and homocysteine levels in patients were significantly higher than in healthy subjects. No significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity between patients and healthy subjects was noticed. Decreased antioxidant system and increased malondialdehyde and homocysteine in Tunisian rheumatoid arthritis patients confirm the implication of the oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis and suggest the role of homocysteine as a pro-oxidant factor.

26 ref

008619   Beena C (All India Coordinated Research Project on Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Betelvine, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricul, KAU.P.O., Vellanikkara, Thrissur-680 656, Email: beenac2@gmail.com) : Phytochemical variations in different species of sida found in Kerala. Int J Trop Agric 2016, 34(1), 131-4.

Sida famous as 'Bala' in ayurveda is one of the important medicinal plants found in Kerala. Sida root is the major component in many ayuruedic preparations like Bala taila, Balarishtam, Balgulichyadi thailam, Ksheerabala, Baladi batiw, Ealadhyam gritham etc. Root is the medicinally important plant part and it is reported to have thermogenic, antioiidant, anti inflammatory, antiseptic, hypotensive and tonic potentials. In Malayalam it is known as Kurunthotti indis famous as anti-rheumatic and antipyretic agent in the Ayuruedic system of medicine and is also used against many other ailments. The drug is useful to treat vitiated conditions of kapha and vata, inflammations, wounds, ulcers, jaundice, burns, skin diseases, abdominal disorders, diabetes, fever and general debility. Roots and seeds contain alkaloid ephedrine, rusidnol and vasicinone. High demand for this raw drug has led to its widespread adulteration. It is widely adulterated with similarly looking roots also. Sida is a large genus with about 200 species distributed throughout the world and 17 are 'ported to occur in India. In Kerala four different species (one with two subspecies) we can find namely Sida cordata, Sida dirdifolia, Sida acuta, Sida rhombifolia ssp retusa and Sida rombifolia ssp rhombifolia. Of these in Kerala vaidyas prefer Sida rhombifolia ssp retusa as medicinally more effective. This paper discuss the results of our study with an objective to find out the variation in the phytochemical compostion of these four different species. The information generated help to differentiate species as well as help in quality assessment in sida.

2 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

008618   Bang C Y;Kim M K;Kim S H;Kim D I;Choung S Y; Jang Y P (Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Dep, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee Univ, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea, Email: ypjang@khu.ac.kr) : Traditional herbal formula composed of 'white' herbs down regulates tyrosinase-related proteins in B16F10 melanoma cells. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(1), 68-72.

The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory postulates the pharmacological targets of white-coloured herbs include skin. To explore the therapeutic implications of this theory in skin disorders, especially for excess pigmentation, a series of anti-melanogenic evaluations were performed using a selected herbal formulation, WASAP-H. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) analysis was performed to determine the major components of WASAP-H. Effects of WASAP-H on tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and the expression of melanogenic proteins such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 was evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells. WASAP-H decoction significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin contents in B16F10 melanoma cells. The key enzymes for melanin synthesis such as tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 were significantly down regulated by WASAP-H in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that the anti-melanogenic activity of WASAP-H was directly linked to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and the down regulation of melanogenic enzymes. The scientific translation of traditional knowledge in this study will provide a platform for the modernization of traditional herbal medicines and the development of evidence-based herbal medicinal products.

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

008617   Bandekar R;Mhatre R;Thayil L (School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Univ, Sector-15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400 614, Email: lijithayyil@gmail.com) : Histopathological and biochemical alterations in liver of wistar rats following administration of aqueous extract of Phyllathus niruri. J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(3), 5757-64.

Herbal medicines are widely perceived by the public. Most people believe that herbal medicines have no side effects as being natural and they are often considered as food supplements and not as a drugs. Phyllanthus niruri is a plant with numerous medicinal properties often used for the treatment of renal stones, malaria, jaundice in traditional as well as in modern medicine. However, in spite of the extensive use of this herb there is insufficient scientific evidence validating its efficacy and safety. Hence the present study is an attempt to elucidate the hepatotoxicity caused by aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri and its commercial formulation. Adult male Wistar rats (150 - 200 gm) were randomly divided in three groups. Group I served as control and received distilled water while the group II was given Phyllathus niruri whole plant extract (1000 mg/kg bw) and group III received Nirocil tablet (commercial formulation of P. niruri) dissolved in distilled water (200 mg/kg bw), orally for three weeks. At the end of the experimental period animals were sacrificed, liver was excised out and processed for histopathological examination. The blood was collected to obtain the serum for the estimation of various biochemical parameters like glucoses, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and some serum marker enzymes like acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Pathological alterations were observed in the histology of liver tissues of P. niruri treated and Nirocil treated groups. Both the treated groups showed significant changes in serum profileas compared to control. The marker enzyme status was also found to be altered in both the treated groups with respect to control. Thus the present study revealed that the aqueous extract of P. niruri and its commercial formulation could cause adverse effect on serum biochemistry and tissue in experimental animals and therefore indiscriminate use of P. niruri as a medicinal plant should be monitored.

7 illus, 30 ref

008616   Bajpai V K;Baek K H (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam Univ, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea, Email: vbajpai04@yahoo.com) : Biological efficacy and application of essential oils in food. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2016, 19(1), 1-19.

Food contamination with pathogenic microbes have increased dramatically during the last few decades, and going to be a major public health concern in many developing countries. Foodborne pathogens cause severe diseases to human beings including infants. Although a large number of foodbornepathogens exist, the overall increase in the number of infections is of relatively few emerging serotypes and phage types. A variety of foodborne pathogens have risen and fallen within large geographic regions, associated with several meta-outbreaks. Recently the emergence of resistance of foodborne pathogens to the antimicrobial drugs appears to pose a particular health risk. Several reports have indicated that infection due to the consumption of food contaminated with foodborne pathogens is associated with increased risk for invasive illness, and death. In general, antimicrobial drug resistance occurs frequently in zoonotic foodborne pathogens and is largely promoted by using antimicrobial drugs in food practices. Foodborne pathogens have become a matter of great concern because of their rapid dissemination and their ability to readily acquire additional resistance traits to other clinically important antimicrobial drug classes. There has been an increasing interest worldwide on versatile potential of natural products in controlling foodborne pathogens in food commodities using essential oils, especially from plant origin. This review deals with the novel findings on essential oils and their compounds for their possible applications in food industry against the foodborne pathogens.A reliable amount of description on the practical applications of essential oils in food practices has been described. We have also described the chemical nature and mode of action of essential oils. A brief summary on the use of essential oils in food system as future perspectives has also been discussed. Although an adequate information from literature is presented, this review mainly focusses on the food application of essential oils and their active compounds as natural antimicrobial agents.

^iia1 table, 9 ref

008615   Augustine S;Pradeep B V (Microbiology Dep, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: bvpradeepku@gmail.com) : Optimization of growth conditions for crude oil and N-hexadecane degrading Pseudomonas spp. from industrial areas. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(1), 233-8.

In the present study the optimization of growth conditions for crude oil and n-Hexadecane degrading Pseudomonas spp. were done using Bushnell Haas (BH) Medium. Out of the 32 isolates from the industrial areas of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Mumbai and Karnataka, Pseudomonas spp. from Ambalamugal (P1) near oil refinery, Kerala was found to be the most efficient crude oil and n-Hexadecane degrader. The growth pattern of the (P1) isolate was evaluated in BH broth supplemented with crude oil and n- Hexadecane (1mL/100mL) individually at different pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), temperature (20, 37, 50 and 60°C) and varying salt concentrations of magnesium sulphate (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25g/L), ferric chloride (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10g/L) and calcium chloride (0.005, 0.01,0.015, 0.02, 0.025g/L). The incubation period was for ten days in shaker (120rpm). Optical density at 600nm was recorded on 3, 5, 6, 8 and 10th day. The optimum BH medium composition obtained by experiments for the degradation of crude oil and n- Hexadecane degradation showed maximum growth at pH 7 and 37°C with a salt concentration of magnesium sulphate 0.25 g/L, calcium chloride 0.02 g/L and ferric chloride 0.04 g/L. The bacteria were found to be degrading up to 20% of crude oil and 20% of n-Hexadecane under optimized conditions on 10th day.

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

008614   Arun Kumar;Bisht A S;Joshi S;Juyal D (NO, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Pharmacognostical and phytochemical study of a plant Urtica parviflora. J Pharmac Phytochem 2017, 6(3), 42-5.

Urtica parviflora Roxb. is a perennial, monoecious herb found in moist and partly shady placec. It is potent medicinal plant belongs to the family Urticaceae. It is growing at a height of 1700-2800 m. The whole plant and its parts are used in treating a number of disorders such as goiter, cough, allergies, alopecia and fevers. The plant has characteristics stinging hairs which are rich source of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The present review detailed focus on its pharmacognostical and pharmacological studies and its therapeutic importance.

^iia1 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

008613   Arul Jothi M;Parameswari C S;Vincent S (Biochemistry Dep, Bharathi Women's College, Chennai-600 108, Email: scpbiochem@gmail.com) : Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and histopathological analysis of zingerone in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(6), 2385-93.

The effects of zingerone, on antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated in the present study. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bwt). Five days after STZ administration, diabetic rats received zingerone (10 mg/kg bwt) orally for 30 days. Metformin (Met) was used as reference drug. Zingerone treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level, Lipid profiles of serum, liver and kidney showed higher reduction in the levels of phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids of zingerone treated diabetic rats than STZ-induced diabetic rats and Met-treated diabetic rats. In addition, zingerone treatment of STZ-rats was found to be effective in preserving the normal histological appearance of pancreatic islets, liver, and kidney, whereas the untreated diabetic rats exhibited pathological features. Thus, zingerone may have the potential in managing the effects of diabetic complications in human subjects.

49 ref

008612   Arora K;Gangadharappa H V (Pharmaceutics Dep, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Univ, Sri Shivarathreeswara Nagara, Mysuru-570 015, Email: gangujss@gmail.com) : Approach to bioanalytical method development and validation. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(6), 2291-301.

Bioanalytical method development is the process of creating a procedure to enable a compound of interest to be identified and quantified in a biological matrix. A compound can often be measured by several methods and the choice of analytical method involves many considerations. Analysis of drugs and their metabolites in a biological matrix is carried out using different extraction techniques like liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE) and protein precipitation from these extraction methods samples are spiked with calibration (reference) standards and using quality control (QC) samples. These methods and choice of analytical method describes the process of method development and includes sampling, sample preparation, separation, detection and evaluation of the results. The developed process is then validated. These bioanalytical validations play a significant role in evaluation and interpretation of bioavailability, bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokinetic studies. In which different parameters like accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability are performed.

^iia19 ref

008611   Arabaci T;Ozgul O;Icen M S;Acari I Karaca; Balcioglu S;Gurhan I (Pharmaceutical Botany Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu Univ, Malatya, Turkey) : Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil of Thymus haussknechtii Velen. from Turkey. Asian J Chem 2016, 28(3), 548-50.

The genus Thymus L. is represented by 40 species (42 taxa) in Turkey, of which 18 are endemic. Thymus haussknechtii Velen. is endemic species of the genus. In this study, the essential oil of Thymus haussknechtii, obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts, were analyzed by GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils are identified and antioxidant and antibacterial bioassays were determined. Isoborneol (9.06%), linalool (8.44%), α-pinene (6.45%), γ-terpinene (6.08%), camphene (5.12%), caryophylleneoxide (5.11%) are established as the major components of the essential oil. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Both tested bacteria were inhibited by the essential oil. The essential oil of the species was subjected to a screening for their possible antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS. A remarkable antioxidant activity was observed from the essential oil according to the comparison with the antioxidative potentials of the standard compound used in this study. The findings of the analyzed taxa are compared with the results of previous studies.

4 tables, 10 ref

008610   Anil Kumar;Niranjan A;Lehri A;Srivastava R K; Tewari S K (Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Email: lehrinbri@yahoo.com ) : Effect of geographical climatic conditoons on yield, chemical composition and carbon isotope composition of Nagarmotha (Cyperus scariosus R. Br.) essential oil. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2016, 19(2), 368-73.

Nagarmotha (Cyperus scariosus) rhizomes collected from 13 locations in India were characterized for oil content using hydro-distillation method. The distilled oil was subjected for estimation of its chemical composition using GC-MS. The oil yield analysed by using hydro-distillation varied from 0.20% Padampur (Orissa) to 0.58% Tilakgram (M.P.). The Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the 13 hydro-distilled oils showed considerable differences in their chemical composition. The major compounds present in essential oil of nagarmotha rhizomes were identified as cyperene, longifolin, caryophylline oxide and longiverbenone. The amount of cyperene varied from 5.77% (Tilakgram M.P.) to 24.17% (Raipur, Chhattisgarh), longifolin varied from 5.95% (Raipur, Chhattisgarh) to 20.43% (Panna, M.P.), caryophyllene oxide ranged from 2.42% (Padampur, Orissa) to 10.38% (Tilakgram M.P.) and longiverbenone ranged from 3.96% (Padampur, Orissa) to 12.71% (Badarpur, Orissa). All the nagarmotha rhizomes and oils were also characterized for their carbon isotope composition using Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). The carbon isotope ratio of the oils varied from -11.15 (Ujjain MP) to -15.78 (Sitapur UP) per mil. Similar values of carbon isotope composition were obtained by estimation directly in the nagarmotha rhizome.

2 tables, 21 ref

008609   Aniesrani Delfiya D S A;Thangavel K (NO, ICAR-Cenral Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin-692 029) : In vitro release kinetics of spray dried curcumin-loaded egg elbumin microparticles. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(3), 45-8.

Curcumin-loaded egg albumin microparticles were prepared by spray drying and the in vitro release profile was analyzed for 72 h. Results showed that the curcumin release rate was controlled by egg albumin concentration. The initial fast release and further controlled release of curcumin was observed in all formulations. Release data was fitted in mathematical models and found that curcumin release from all the formulations were best explained by Hixson-Crowell model followed by first order. Best fit of Hixson-Crowell model (R^{2 <62> 0.99) indicated a change in surface area and diameter of the microparticles with the progressive dissolution of egg albumin as a function of time. Release exponent (n) values of less than 0.4 indicated the Fickian diffusion controlled release of curcumin from microparticles. Spray drying can be suggested as a suitable method to prepare microparticles with controlled delivery of curcumin.}

2 tables, 13 ref

008608   Ali Z;Waheed A;Iqbal H;Shah S F (Applied Chemistry Research Center, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Complex, Shahrah-E-Jalal-ud-Din Roomi Road (Ferozepure Road), Lahore-54600, Pakistan, Email: drzeeshan2009@yahoo.com) : Waste bleaching clay of biodiesel through base catalyzed transesterification of residual cotton seed oil. Asian J Chem 2016, 28(4), 725-32.

After processing of cotton seed oil the activated bleaching clay is converted to low valued waste bleaching clay. The chemical composition of activated bleaching clay from Mirpur, Pakistan is found out as; SiO₂ (71.34%), Al2O3 (15.54%), CaO (2.72%), MgO (1.48%), Na₂O (0.51%), K₂O (0.23%), Fe₂O₃ (0.02%). The clay has bleachability (74%) and oil retention (32.70%) by standard method (ASTM). The cotton seed oil recovered with different polarity solvents (31.1-36.3%) have different free fatty acid values (0.2-0.85). However, lower percentage of tri-esters (88%) was found out in dark coloured recovered oil as compare to freshly n-hexane extracted cotton seed oil (92.5%) from edible oil refinery. The lower free fatty acid (0.2) valued cotton seed oil recovered with n-hexane is transesterified at optimized conditions to mono alkyl esters. The reaction was optimized by performing series of experiments to observe molar concentrations: methanol-oil (3-18 : 1), oil-catalysts/NaOH/NaOCH3/KOH/KOCH3 (1.5-0.25), temperature (20-80 °C), mixing intensity (200-650 rpm) and reflux time (120 min). The maximum yield of biodiesel (98.5%) has been found out by NaOCH₃ (1.00%), methanol-oil (6:1) at 65 °C and stirring intensity (650 rpm). The properties of biodiesel are also under limits as per standards: ASTM 6751, EN 14214 and optimal methylation of recoverd oil appeared to be an acceptable feedstock for production of biodiesel as renewable fuel.

7 illus, 5 tables, 34 ref

008607   Alam N P;Sinha K P (Biotechnology Dep, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga, Bihar) : Effects of acute ethanol and nicotine intake on REM sleep and its interaction with noradrenergic system in rats. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(1), 5-11.

Ethanol and nicotine are the two most widely used and abused substances in the world and often are coconsumed. This study examined the effect of ethanol and nicotine co-consumption on rapid-eyemovement (REM) sleep and the role of noradrenergic system, a critical component of REM sleep control, in mediating this effect. The sleep-wake parameters were recorded for 6 hours during day-time after intraperitoneal injections of ethanol (2g/kg and 3g/kg), nicotine (0.3 and 3mg/kg), a mixture of ethanol (3gm/Kg)-nicotine (3mg/kg), and prazosin, an alpha-1 receptor antagonist (0.01 mg/kg) followed by ethanol-nicotine. The findings suggest that: a) ethanol increased NREM sleep, but suppressed REM sleep; b) nicotine suppressed both NREM and REM sleep; c) ethanol-nicotine attenuated each other's effect on NREM sleep, but REM sleep remained depressed; and d) prazosin attenuated REM sleep suppression observed after ethanol-nicotine treatment. These findings are consistent with known interactions between ethanol and nicotine in influencing REM sleep and a role of the noradrenergic system in mediating this effect.

5 illus, 39 ref

008606   Al-Dujaili A N G;Al-Khafaji K A H A; Al-Sultanee A A M (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Kufa Univ, Kufa, Iraq, Email: arshadnori1972@yahoo.com) : Effect of hot aqueous and ethanol extracts of citrus limon (L.) Burm seeds on some hormonal levels and fertility of female albino rats. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(1), 125-31.

This study was conducted in animals and plants laboratories and animal houses of the Department of Biology at the Faculty of Science / University of Kufa for the period from 25/09/2013 to 20/3/2014 to investigate the effect of hot aqueous and ethanol alcohol extracts of Citrus limon L. Burm seeds on some hormonal levels and fertility in female albino rats (Ratus ratus L.). In this study 60 rats were used aged 8 to 12 weeks and daily dosage orally by concentrations (250, 500) mg/kg of body weight of both extracts for two periods (10, 20) day was given. The current study revealed the occurrence of a significant decrease (p <60> 0.05) in the level of each of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and significant increase (p <60> 0.05) in the level of estradiol hormone (E2) for both concentrations and dosing periods and two extracts compared with the control group. The concentration 500 mg/kg of body weight and dosing period 20 day of ethanol alcohol extract showed more significant effect (p <60> 0.05) on all hormonal levels in current study compared with the concentration 250 mg/kg of body weight and dosing period 10 day of same extract and also with two concentrations 500 and 250 mg/kg of body weight and two dosing periods 10 and 20 day of hot aqueous extract of lemon seeds. The fertility test conducted on female rats treated by concentration 500 mg/kg of body weight for 20 days of both extracts did not show sperms in vaginal smears obtained from them only after a period of time in addition to that it suffered from the delay of pregnancy through daily monitoring for a period of 40 days thus, a decrease occurred in both the percentage of pregnancy and the numbers of fetuses in treated female compared with control group for both concentrations. The ethanol extract of the plant lemon seeds was the most efficient as antifertility in female rats compared hot aqueous extract.

3 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

008605   Ajagun E J;Anyaku C E;Afolayan M P (Bioresources Laboratory Unit, Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Ag, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria) : Survey of the traditional medical and non-medical uses of animals species and parts of the indigenous people of Ogbomoso, Oyo state. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(3), 26-32.

The rising cost as well as the negative associated adverse effects of orthodox medicines has ultimately resulted in wide acceptance of traditional based medications. The study reports the uses of animal species and parts practised by the people of Ogbomoso, Oyo State. An ethno-zoological survey of the Ogbomoso people of Oyo state (Nigeria) was conducted using an open structured questionnaire. Eighteen Traditional Medical Practitioners (tmps) and twenty trado-herbal sellers were interviewed. From the survey, 43 animal species were identified as been sold in trado-herbal market serving as a major source of income to the traders with Chamaeleo senegalensis, Bufo regularis, Felis silvestris and Eidolon helvum as the most common. Zoo-therapeutic practices of the indigenous people include the use in the treatments of epilepsy, rheumatism, fever, wound healing and non-medicinal uses include protection, command of authority and favour. Further studies are required concerning the conservational status of the animals resources used.

1 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

008604   Abdallah L;Almanasrah M;Taradeh M;Khasib M; Haddad M;Jabir K (Biology and Biotechonolgy Dep, An-Najah National Univ, Nablus, Palestine) : Antibacterial activity of camel whey in combination with various medicinal plant extracts. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(3), 50-5.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of ethanol and water extracts from Ballota undulata, Ruta chalepensis and Urtica urens in combination with camel whey proteins. The bioactivity of all samples was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Disk diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial potential for all combinations. For further antibacterial investigation, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured by micro-broth dilution method. The obtained results showed that ethanol extracts of B. undulata and R. chalepensis were the most active. Synergistic antibacterial activity was observed for whey and ethanol extracts of B. undulata and R. chalepensis. The MIC and MBC values for these two combinations against S. aureus were equal to 1.56 and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The obtained results form a platform for further studies on other combinations between camel whey and other plant extracts.

5 illus, 2 table, 51 ref

007574   Zhenisbekovna U S;Satayev M I;Viktorovich S V;Zhanybekovna A M (NO, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State Univ, Kazakhstan, Shymkent, Email: maratsatayev@mail.ru) : Dechlorination and iron extraction from drinking water by fruit pit shell activated carbon. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 2077-84.

Fruit pit shell activated carbon was used as an adsorbent for dechlorination and iron extraction from drinking water. The adsorber design, allowing increase apparatus efficiency, increase use efficiency of the effective apparatus volume and treatment degree of the adsorbent's adsorptive capacity in the layer, consistency of performance of the treated flow and apparatus compactness, was developed. The water flow velocity and treatment time influence on the residual chlorine absorbency was studied. Dependence of the chlorine adsorption value on the equilibrium concentration, as well as dependence of the iron adsorption value by the fruit pit shell activated carbon were determined. Adequate adsorption value by the chlorine equal to 0,02 mg/g and by the iron equal to 0,02 mg/g was attained. This method of the drinking water treatment using the activated carbon can be used in the treatment process of natural waters to remove the residual chlorine and formed chlorine compounds, as well as iron.

8 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

007573   Yunus M;Alsoufi M S;Iftekar Hussain H (NO, , ) : Experimental investigation on the production and usage of UCVO and WSLO as an alternative fuels to diesel engines. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2016, 7(2), 34-44.

Recently, black/biodiesels are gaining wider popularity as they can be made from renewable resources and wastages, thus, providing an extra environmental values. Indeed, reuse of the waste spent lubrication oil (WSLO) and used vegetable cooking oils (UVCO) has attracted researchers as the wastes generated are on a massive level everywhere and are posing an environmental hazard in handling serious problems of waste management. The transesterification process and centrifuge operations are addressed in terms of conversion to biodiesel. UVCO and WSLO samples were tested on a diesel engine to determine the performance as well as emission characteristics. The filtration of raw oil was carried out by indigenously developed and fabricated mobile centrifuge oil cleaner involving two-stage filtrations (first and second stage guaranteeing the purity up to 5-10 and 1 micron respectively). Thus, it helps to boost the production of alternate fuels by directly blending and mixing in the required proportions. With these significant inclusions, satisfactory results were obtained for use as a sustainable alternative fuel in an organized large quantity for the production of biodiesel. Therefore, UVCO and WSLO can be considered as a promising waste which can serve as a fuel energy source and material for chemical or biological processes.

007572   Verma K;Gupta N;Adlak P;Bhopte D K;Dwivedi A; Sagar R (NO, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RKDF Univ, Bhopal-462 036) : Anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum tuberosum peel extracts on carrageenan-induced rat paw EDEMA. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2017, 18(1), 13-8.

The present study was intended to evaluate Anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum tuberosum peel extracts (Ethyl alcohol). The Anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum tuberosum peel extracts at doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model compared with standard drug (Diclofenac sod). The selected plant extracts significantly inhibited paw edema along with the standard drug Diclofenac sod. Of extracts, ethanol extract produced significant effect on reduction of increased paw thickness. In extracts, ethanol extract at a dose of 200mg/kg showed more inhibition From the results obtained during the study it is concluded that Solanum tuberosum peel having the bioactive molecule responsible for Anti-inflammatory activity by individually or by combination of different bio-active compounds present in it. Further is necessary for isolation and characterization of bioactive molecules which are responsible for the selected plant biological activities.

1 table, 17 ref

007571   Thaweesang S;Leenanon B (Food Technology Dep, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen Univ, Thailand, Email: borlee@kku.ac.th) : Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR1338 in bile salt stress conditions. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(3), 569-79.

The middle of exponential phase and stationary phase cells of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 1338 were used for investigation of sublethal and lethal levels of bile salt stress conditions. It was found that there was no significant difference between the two phases. MRS broth containing 0.2% (w/v) bile salt was chosen for a sublethal level while MRS broth containing 0.8% and 1% (w/v) bile salt were used to be a lethal level. The results also revealed that cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 1338 adapted in 0.2% (w/v) bile salt for 5 hours and challenged in 0.8% bile salt for 1 hour had the highest percentage of survival and tolerance factor.

3 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

007570   Sulaiman O (NO, Malaysia Terengganu Univ, Malaysia) : Study of performance of biofuel from B5 and laminaria seaweed on engine test bed for marine transportation. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 1885-93.

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel, has many benefits. It is biodegradable and non-toxic. Compared to petroleum based diesel, biodiesel has a more favourable combustion emission profile, such as low emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons. These merits make biodiesel a good alternative fuel source to petroleum based fuel. Biodiesel feedstocks derived from microalgae and macroalgae have emerged as one of the most promising alternative sources alternative fuel because of lipid content, high photosynthetic efficiency to produce biomass and their higher growth rates and productivity compared to conventional crops. In addition to their fast reproduction, they are easier to cultivate than many other types of plants and can produce a higher yield of oil for biodiesel production. This study was undertaken to know the performance of seaweed as biofuel by comparing testing of B5 on engine test bed (CUMMINS NT 855-M Marine Diesel Engine) and mathematical estimation of energy yield from B5 and Seaweed. The performance test conducted for this study includes the speed, torque, Input Power, Brake Power, Break Specific Fuel Consumption and overall efficiency.

13 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

007569   Stanbekova G;Nadirova L;Beisenov D; Polimbetova N;Iskakov B (NO, Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86, Dosmukhamedov Str., Almaty, Kazakhstan, Email: beisenov.d@gmail.com) : Cloning and in vitro expression of the human alpha fetoprotein gene. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 2031-6.

Alpha-fetoprotein is known as a tumor marker. Strong conjugating features of the alpha-fetoprotein and its ability for specific binding with receptors of the tumor cells offers opportunity for the targeted delivery of cytostatic and cytotoxic drugs into malignant cells. Human AFP are able to induce apoptosis and to inhibit growth of the tumor cells. Technology of the recombinant DNA is the way to simplify and cheapen the production of the human AFP. Complementary DNA encoding human alpha-fetoprotein was cloned into bacterial vectors under the control of the T7 bacteriophage promoter. Various 5'- and 3'- untranslated regions (5'- and 3'-UTRs) were used as a translational enhancers. Transcription of the recombinant constructs by the T7 RNA polymerase and subsequent in vitro translation of the resulted transcripts in the wheat germ cell-free system were performed. It was shown that the human fetal blood protein could be correctly synthesized in plant cell-free system.

5 illus, 24 ref

007568   Srirangam G M;Rao K P (Zoology and Pharmedical & Hospital Administration Dep, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada-520 008, Email: kp.rao1982@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Malachra capitata (L.). Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(1), 46-53.

Silver nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties which have attracted intensive research interest because of their important medical applications. In this study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized for biomedical applications by a completely green biosynthetic method using Malachra Capitata(L.) leaf n-hexane extract.The prepared Ag NPs were characterized using UV-Visible, scanning electron microscopy/ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), selected Area Diffraction Pattern (SAED) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and FTIR techniques.The UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the absorbance peak at 425 nm, which indicates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The average particle diameter as determined by TEM was found to be 35 ± 5 nm.The XRD pattern showed the the face center cubic (fcc) silver nanoparticles and confirmed that these nanoparticles are crystalline in nature.EDX analysis also exhibits the presence of silver element. The transmission electron micrographs showed the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles. During this study, the antimicrobial activities of green synthesized AgNPs were evaluated against various microorganisms. This work proved the capability of using biomaterial towards the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by adopting the principles of green chemistry.

6 illus, 2 tables, 66 ref

007567   Soumya P S;Lakshmi M S K;Nambisan P (Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Dep, Cochin Univ of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Cochin-682 022, Email: plantbiotech1992@gmail.com ) : Application of response surface methodology for the optimization of laccase production from Pleurotus ostreatus by solid state fermentation on pineapple leaf substrate. J scient ind Res 2016, 75(5), 306-14.

Laccases are glycosylated polyphenol oxidases belonging to a group of enzymes called blue copper oxidases. In the present study laccase was produced by solid state fermentation of pineapple leaves by Pleurotus ostreatus NCIM1200. For optimization of laccase production the effect of various nutritional and physical parameters on production was initially examined using 'one-factor-at-a-time' method. Variables with statistically significant effects on enzyme production were identified by the Plackett-Burman experimental design. From the design, five factors viz., inoculum concentration, pineapple leaf length, pineapple leaf quantity used per flask, maltose concentration and pH significantly influenced the laccase production. Hence these variables were further optimized using Box-Behnken experimental design. The optimal combinations of parameters obtained were inoculum concentration 4 mycelial plugs per flask, pineapple leaf of length 2.01 cm and weight 12.72 g, 4.98 % (w/v) maltose and pH of 6. Finally experimental verification under optimized conditions showed an increase (approximately 8 fold) in laccase activity from an initial value of 261.63 IU/mL to1632.63 IU/mL.

3 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

007566   Soliman W S;Sugiyama S I (Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan Univ, Aswan 81528, Egypt, Email: wagdi79@aswu.edu.eg) : Phytoremediation and tolerance capaity of Moringa to cadmium and its relation to nutrients content. Pollut Res 2016, 35(1), 23-7.

Screening for effective plant as hyper-accumulators of heavy metals is an important challenge for cleaning the contaminated soil and water. In this study, phytoremediation of Moringa plant was examined. Plants were exposed to 0, 5, 10 and 50 μM Cd stress. Seeds were pretreated with 1 mM ascorbic acid, 10 mM CaCl₂, or water. Shoots and roots dry mass were not affected significantly under stress. Ascorbic acid showed higher Cd in leaves and lower Cd in root compared to control and CaCl₂ treatment. Although Ca/Mg ratios correlated positively with Cd accumulation, Ca/Mg ratio in leaves correlated negatively with accumulated-Cd in roots. These results indicated tolerance and phytoremediation ability of Moringa under Cd stress. Ca/Mg is important for understanding Cd accumulation in Moringa. Ascorbic acid may play role for enhancing extraction remediation of Cd. We suggest moringa as a good hyper-accumulator with using the leaves in nonnutritive purposes.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

007565   Singla S;Dumka V K;Sharma S K;Singh A K (Veterinary Pharmacology Dep, College of Veterinary Science GDVASU, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: salonivpt@gmail.com) : Comparison of pesticide residues in buffalo plasma collected from two different district of Punjab. J Vet Pharmac Toxic 2015, 14(2), 24-6.

Pesticides are most commonly used by farming communities. In Punjab against various pests during various agricultural operations. The survey was done in two districts of Punjab viz Ludhiana, and Sangrur. In each district some villages were randomly selected and from each village samples of buffalo blood were collected. The comparison of current levels of pesticide residues in ninety five samples of buffalo blood collected from two different districts of Punjab by using Gas chromatography was done. Residues of a-HCH, β-HCH, y-HCH, 5-HCH, heptachlor, fenitrothion, aldrin, fipronil, butachlor, dieldrin, p,p-DDE, o,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, o,p- DDT, endosulfan, L- cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin were found in buffalo blood samples. L-cyhalothrin had highest mean residue concentration in the two districts, while endosulphan, heptachlor and aldrin had lowest mean residue level. Percentage contribution of a- HCH and 5-HCH was highest in Sangrur district. The detection of OCPs and their degradation products in air, water, soil and sediments, fish, birds and food stuffs has become a matter of great concern posing threat to animal and human health. The residue monitoring studies in blood may be investigated further in order to improve food safety.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

007564   Shukla S;Mishra S (Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Evaluation of anti-alzheimer activity of aerial parts of Barleria prionitis linn. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2017, 18(1), 41-8.

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of synapses, in addition to shrinkage of large cortical neurons and is the most common cause of dementia. There is extensive evidence linking Anti-Alzheimer property with impaired cholinergic function and improvement in memory. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the Anti- Alzheimer activity of Barleria prionitis linn.in swiss albino mice. Elevated plus Maze served as the exteroceptive behavioural model. The study reveals that dose of Barleria prionitis ethanolic extract (BPE) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, P.O.) administered for 7 sucessive days in separate groups of swiss albino mice significantly improved learning and memory in mice. Furthermore, this dose significantly reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, p.o.). Piracetam (400mg/kg) served as standard drug. Acute oral toxicity study for determination of LD50 was done by dose fixation method according to OECD guideline (AOT 425). The observation of this study confirmed that LD50 of the compound was to be greater than 2000 mg/kg for the test compound. Any dose below 2000 mg/kg could be used as a dose for animals and evaluation of Anti-Alzheimer activity was carried out at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight by using Elevated Plus Maze. Among the 3 doses the dose of 400 mg/kg is found to be more effective as compared to doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Barleria prionitis extract may prove to be a useful medicine on account of its beneficial effects such as memory improving property. Treatment of AD mice with piracetam as a protective or therapeutic agent led to a significant decrease in the results of the T-maze when compared with the AD-induced groups of mice. Test for cognitive abilities using T-maze was done by evaluating spontaneous and rewarded alternations very sensitive to dysfunction of the hippocampus. Insignificant changes in the time (s) taken by mice to reach the food was recorded in the groups treated with piracetam or BPE (200 or 400 mg/kg) alone incomparison wth the baseline values (before treatment) of the same groups. It is concluded that Barleria prionitis linn.have Anti-Alzheimer activity. The Anti-Alzheimer activity of Barleria prionitis linn, maybe due to compounds like Barlerenone and Pipataline present in it.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

007563   Shukla B N;Pandya N D;Desai P V (Arts, Science and Commerce College-Kholwad, Kamrej Char Rasta, Surat, Email: bnshukla24@yahoo.in) : Optimization of lipase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from an oil industry unit. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(3), 685-7.

This study aims to isolate different organisms that can be used for the purpose of bioremediation for oil contaminated sites. Total eight different bacterial isolates showing good extracellular lipase activity were isolated on tributyrine agar plates from oil contaminated sites. Out of which BN-1(identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa) showed maximum lipase activity in the production medium (Basal medium) using olive oil as substrate. Lipase activity was quantified spectrophotometrically at 410 nm. Effect of different substrate's concentration, pH and temperature was measured on the lipase activity.

1 illus, 8 ref

007562   Shimpi N G;Mishra S;Shirole S D (NO, , ) : Efficient green synthesis of TIO2 nanoparticles using Murraya koenigii leaf extract. J Nanosci Nanoengng Applic 2016, 6(1), 29-38.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles by plant extract is at present under exploitation due to eco-friendly, non-toxic and inexpensive process. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasound assisted sol-gel precipitation method using titanium tetra-isopropoxide as a precursor and Murraya koenigii leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The leaf extract was prepared under various solvent media such as ethanol and distilled water under controlled ultrasonication. Due to effective ultrasound, the extraction of chemical agents from Murraya koenigii leaf was in a large extent. The effect of various leaf extracts on size of TiO2 nanoparticles was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The nanoparticles prepared from ethanolic leaf extract were found to be smaller and spherical in shape (<126>2-15 nm) as compared to leaf extract prepared using water (<126>15-30 nm). Besides this, X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows TiO₂ of anatase form. Moreover, the band gap values of TiO₂ nanoparticles were found to be 3.26 and 3.17 eV for ethanolic and water leaf extracts, respectively studied from PL spectra. The FT-IR spectra of TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibit a prominent peak at 714 (Ti-O-Ti bond), 1642 (N-H) (O-H stretching).

007561   Sartbayeva I A;Usenbekov B N;Rysbekova A B; Bulatova K M;Kazkeyev D T;Zhanbyrbaev E A;Berkimbay H A;Zhambakin K Z (NO, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, (Almnaty 050040, Kazakhstan), Email: bakdaule7@yandex.ru) : Electrophoretic analysis of seed proteins of rice varieties. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 1953-8.

Composition of seed storage proteins were evaluated in rice collection materials using electrophoresis in alkaline medium at presence of SDS. Optimal conditions for protein extraction and fractionation were determined, the classification of protein components spectrum and methods for composition protein formulation was developed. It was conducted the registration and clustering of 62 rice samples, of which 5 were heterogeneous in gel electrophoresis of electropherograms.

2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

007560   Sarma H;Puro K;Kumar A;Mahanta N;Das M;Dewry R K;Rajkhowa D J;Sen A (Livestock Production Div, Indian Council of Agricultural Research for NEH Region, Umiam-789 103, Email: drhira02@gmail.com) : Impact of heat shock protein (HSP) expression in swine. J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(2), 5733-5.

The aim of this review was to summaries the impacts of heat shock protein expression on swine production which is trigged by elevated temperature or other stress like transportation, weaning, exercise, exposure of the cell to toxins etc. Heat stress promotes expression of heat shock proteins in pig adipocytes. The transcript levels of multiple HSP (HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) are greater in heat stress condition compared with control. The decrease in HSP levels in myocardial cells may indicate that the transport stress may have overcharged the repair mechanism of cells Transportation increases the expression of HSP 70 in the kidney. The expression of HSP in the gastrointestinal tract is modulated by weaning; the results depending on the HSP, GIT site and time post weaning. We also review that heat stress during the summer decrease semen quality in Boars.

^iia24 ref

007559   Sarkar A;Bhaskara Rao K V (Molecular and Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Div, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: kvbhaskararao@vit.ac.in) : Marine yeast: a potential candidate for biotechnological applications. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(3), 627-34.

Marine yeasts are ubiquitous in marine environment and they can be found in the ocean, marine sediments, digestive tracts of marine organisms etc. Marine yeasts can tolerate extreme environments like other marine microorganisms. This review is mainly focusing on the various biological and industrial applications of different marine yeast strains. The applications of marine yeasts are versatile. These include industrial, medical and environmental fields. Among the industrial applications, marine yeasts play a significant role in the production of various enzymes viz. amylases, lipases, proteases, inulinases, phytases and cellulases with unique properties. Similarly, bioethanol production from marine yeast is a well-known process from several decades. In addition to these, marine yeasts are also capable of the production of single cell protein, single cell oil, polysaccharides, vitamins, killer toxins, pigments, fatty acids etc. The recent reports on the production of silver and gold nanoparticles from marine yeasts are really encouraging and add a new dimension for the use of marine yeasts.

50 ref

007558   Saeid M;Mohammad K T D;Esmat R (Biology Dep, Sistan and Baluchestan Univ, Zahedan, IR, Iran) : Analysis of glycine receptors gene polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 2071-5.

Schizophrenia is a complex and debilitative mental disorder. There are some evidences indicating that there is a genetic linkage between Glycine receptors gene and schizophrenia incidence. This project evaluated the linkage between the three SNP of Glycine receptors gene in schizophrenia patients. A total of 113 patients including 16 women and 98 men were studied. The control group consisted of 117 healthy individuals (9 women and 108 men) with a mean age of 46.70+11.716 years, who was unrelated to SZC patients. We tried to select healthy individuals among people without any mental disorders. Results of all rs2229963, rs111946619 and rs78179793 SNPs showed that there is not any significant linkage between the incidence of this single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of schizophrenia(rs2229963, P=0.934, rs111946619, P=0.780 and rs78179793, P=0.393). We conclude that those SNPs are not suitable candidates to be considered as causes for schizophrenia incidence.

2 tables, 27 ref

007557   Roy A;Prasad P (NO, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur-493 111, Email: pushpaprasad81@gmail.com) : Assessment of mechanism of action of antidiabetic activity of Calocybe indica by enzmyme inhibitory activity. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 2117-23.

The diabetes can be controlled by inhibiting major carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes lead to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of oven dried extract (ODE) and lyophilized extract (LE) of Calocybe indica using enzyme inhibitory assays. The ODE and LE were tested against a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). The ODE demonstrated 50% inhibitory activity for a-amylase, a-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzyme at 62.18 μg/ml, 47.77 μg/ml and 91.84 μg/ml, respectively. The LE revealed 50% inhibitory activity for a-amylase, a-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzyme at 38.11 μg/ml, 28.09 μg/ml and 60.91 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the IC₅₀ values of LE are nearer to IC₅₀ values of standard drug Acarbose. The lyophilized extract possessed higher enzymatic inhibitory activity compared to oven dried extract due to restoring efficiency of secondary metabolites.

9 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

007556   Rathore P;Choudhary S;Meena D;Boyal P K; Kumari P;Singh P;Kataria A K (Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan Univ of Veterinary, Bikaner-334 001, Email: privanka.rathore10@gmail.com) : Determination of antibiogram pattern in Escherichia coli strains isolated from black buck (Antilope cervicapra) faeces of Bikaner zoo. Vet Practnr 2016, 17(1), 13-14.

The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic pattern of Escherichia coli strains isolated from black buck to ascertain the levels of antibiotic pervasiveness. A total 10 E. coli were isolated from faeces of black buck from Bikaner Zoo of Rajasthan and the antibiotic pattern was determined by means of disc diffusion assay. The antibiogram revealed that the most effective antibiotics were cotrimoxazole and gentamicin followed by azithromicin, polymyxin-B chloramphenicol, doxycycline hydrochloride and norfloxacin. Maximum isolates were resistant to piperacillin.

1 table, 10 ref

007555   Rath K;Singh A B;Chandan S;Vatsala R S (Biotechnology Dep, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Hunsmaranahalli, new airport road, Bangalore, Karnataka, Email: kalyani2rath@gmail.com) : Isolation and characterization of a biosurfactant producing strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa SMVIT 1 from oil contaminated soil. J scient ind Res 2016, 75(11), 681-6.

The increasing demand of surfactant derived products, typically those based on biosurfactant has led to wide research in this area. This paper aims at isolation, molecular characterization and potential applications of a novel biosurfactant producing strain from oil spilled sample of Sir MVIT petrol bunk. Five different carbon sources were studied and the isolated strain showed better biosurfactant production in soybean oil (1.8 g/l) and hence was used as the sole carbon source for the entire experiment. The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa SMVIT 1 and phylogenetic analysis was performed using Clustal W2. Biosurfactant activity assays were performed using emulsification measurement, drop collapsing and oil displacement test. Structural and functional analysis was done using FTIR and GC-MS and indicated rhamnolipid nature of the biosurfactant. The isolated strain or the extracted biosurfactant can be used directly or as an immobilised system for bioremediation specifically in oil spill treatment.

2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

007554   Rameshwari R;Chapadgaonkar S S;Prasad T V (Biotechnology Dep, Manav Rachna International Univ, Faridabad, Haryana, Email: rashmi.fet@miru.edu.in) : Visualization of apototic network using bioinformatics tool. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(3), 679-84.

Apoptosis is the programmed death of cells which occurs naturally in the organism. When this normal process of cell death is disturbed it results in the disruption of homeostasis in the body. Abnormality in apoptosis has been linked to many diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative disease and autoimmune diseases. Apoptotic cell death is step wise regulated events. To understand the complete process the analysis should be done at molecular level. With the advancement in technology it is possible to simulate the apoptotic molecules and visualize them using software tools. Computer generated biological networks plays major role in establishing the holistic approach of systems biology. Visualization brings about a picture of the molecules involved in apoptotic pathway and it becomes easy to find out the molecules which are closely related to the process and can be selectively targeted in the therapeutic process. Cytoscape is one such tool which simulates the biological network. This software can explore the different features of networks, and connect the networks with databases of (KEGG pathway, MINT, chEMBL, UNIPROT) the horizon for analysis wideness. Network visualized using cytoscape helps to find the link between molecules like bcl2, caspases, TNF etc., which stimulate the pathway. The aim is to target those genes in the tumor cells which stimulate the cell death process and will help to selectively activate their cell death in them. Cytoscape allows to refine the visualization with the help of different layouts which brings about a clarity in the network, one of the important advantage of cytoscape being that it can directly link to the database which gives an easy accessibility of the results from different database and it merges all of them automatically to give final network.

10 illus, 16 ref

007553   Ramadhan R S;Khalaf H M;Jabber R N (Medical Biotechnology Dep, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: rebahalgafari@gmail.com) : Molecular diagnosis on glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase in a sample of Iraqi patients. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 1989-95.

This study was constructed to invertigate Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and the genetic disorder that leading to heamolysis anemia in group of Iraqi patient. A total of 50 blood samples were collected from different hospitals (Yarmook Hospital, Child hospital, AL Alweyaa, and Medical City) these samples varied in severity in of the enzyme deficiency from mild to chronic according to the test of G6PD, and 20 samples served as control (healthy). The period time of samples collection took about three months from March to June 2014. The percentage of mild symptoms was 42%, acute symptoms was 40% and carrier G6PD was 18% as stated on statistics analysis of Chi square. DNA was extracted from samples and subjected to PCR amplification using 3 specific primers designed for purpose of this study, the first primer (Frag I) with product length 115 bp, second primer (FragII) with product length 1500 bp, third primer (Frag III) with product length 2000 bp that amplify the specific site for the carrier and mild patients with G6PD, while no band was amplified for the chronic patients with G6PD. After comparing cases and with NCBI we found that the percentage insertion was 30% and substituted was 70%.

9 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

007552   Rajendran P;Muthusamy S;Balaji V K;Rakesh G J;Easow J M (Microbiology Dep, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, Email: dr.jmeasow@gmail.com) : Urinary tract infection due to Chryseobacterium gleum, an uncommon pathogen. Indian J Path Microbiol 2016, 59(4), 551-3.

Chryseobacteriumspecies are gaining importance as an emerging opportunistic nosocomial pathogen. Limited availability of clinical data necessitates reporting of such isolates. We report a case of nosocomial urinary tract infection by metallo-β-lactamase-producing Chryseobacterium gleum in an elderly diabetic male with chronic renal disease. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity test performed by conventional methods were confirmed by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption lonization Time-of-Flight and VITEK-2 systems, respectively. The patient responded well to intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy.

^ccr1 illus, 17 ref

007551   Qari S H;Kamel F A R;El Sayed H (Biology Dep, Aljamom Univ College, Umm Al-Qura Univ, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email: sqarinet@gmail.com) : Characterization and identification of seed storage protein of twelve lettuce cultivars. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 1959-67.

We used SDS-PAGE to evaluate and characterize the protein patterns of seed storage proteins in 12 lettuce cultivars. Total protein content of lettuce seeds in all cultivars did not show any significant difference. Results of SDS- PAGE pattern of a few protein bands were up regulated whereas some other bands showed down regulation. The identified protein patterns may be used protein marker for lettuce cultivars. The seed storage protein analyses helps in characterization and identification of diversity in lettuce crop varieties, cultivars and their wild varieties and also provides information on phylogenetic relationship of the accessions. It is also known that variation in protein bands provide information on the relationship among the used seeds. SDS-PAGE of seed protein using Tris-glycine buffer was performed to study the relationships within 12 cultivars of Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce). In the present study, SDS-PAGE was used to investigate and characterize the protein patterns of seed storage proteins in order to find protein bands as markers for cultivar characterization. Datawereanalyzedby clustering method and similarity coefficients using NTSYSpcversion2.02i. ThevalidityofclusteranalysisofSDS-PAGE seed proteins profile datawasdiscussed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 56 ref

007550   Purohit N;Meena R;Mahadeo Kumar;Srivastav A K;Purohit D C (Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan Univ of Veterinar, Bikaner-334 001, Email: nishtapurohit59@gmail.com) : DNA fingerprinting of mice using microsatellite markers. Vet Practnr 2016, 17(1), 8-12.

In current study to evaluate the genetic relationship between 14 different strains of mice were used and tested for different 14 microsatellite markers. To study the genetic relationship, different parameters were selected to study the homozygosity within the strain and heterozygosity between the strains. Phylogenetic tree was prepared using variable alleles, effective number of alleles, Shanon's Index, observed homozygosity and heterozygosity comparing with that of expected homozygosity and heterozygosity. The maximum polymorphic information content (PIC) values up to 0.4486 while minimum PIC value of 0.2923 using microsatellite markers. It is observed that different genetic sites in these strains are showing low genetic diversity and low selection potentials and therefore, may also act as genetic markers to find out the source of origin and contamination.

3 illus, 5 tables, 32 ref

007549   Priyadarshini S;Ray P (Microbiology Dep, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa Univ of Agriculture a, Surya Nagar, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: Alkalitolerant bacteria) : Alkaline amylase production by submerged fermentation by Bacillus sp.. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(3), 745-8.

The alkali tolerant bacterial isolate Bacillus sp. was investigated for the production of alkaline amylase by submerged fermentation. The effects of different process parameters were studied for maximal production of amylase. Optimum production was found at 37 øC with an initial pH of 8.0 at 72 h. For enzyme production, manganese chloride, yeast extract and starch were regarded as potent inducers.

7 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

007548   Prasad B D;Kumar P;Sahni S;Kumar V;Kumari S; Kumar P;Pal A K (Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering Dep, Bihar Agricultural Univ, Sabour-813 210, Email: dev.bishnu@gmail.com) : Improved protocol for agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and regeneration of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. Var. Rajendra Kasturi). J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(2), 5597-5606.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is widely adopted in rice as it is inexpensive and produces fewer transgene copies integration in genome compared to other methods of transformation. However, this method requires an efficient protocol for callus induction and regeneration after Agrobacterium infection. Recently, efforts have been made to develop efficient methods for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of japonica, and very few indica rice varieties. Unfortunately, the local indica rice varieties have remained untouched as they are recalcitrant to regeneration, leading to low transformation efficiency. In present investigation, an improved Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol has been developed for local indica rice var. Rajendra Kasturi. The highest frequency of callus induction was observed in MS salt supplemented with 2,4-D (2.25 mg/L). Co-cultivation of Agrobacterium with rice calli on medium containing 100 μM acetosyringone has yielded maximum transformation efficiency. The selection of transformed calli was done on medium containing 10 mg/l phosphinothricin (PPT) at which untransformed calli couldn't regenerate. Maximum regeneration frequency was observed on MS salt containing 2.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1.25 mg/l kinetin along with 30 g/l sucrose and 1.5% sorbitol. Optimum rooting was observed in 2/5th strength of MS salts with 2 g of clarigel. The integration of transgene in T₁ and T₂ generation plants was confirmed by PCR. RT-PCR analysis confirms the expression of BAR gene transcripts in T2 transgenic rice. Using this improved protocol indica rice variety var. Rajendra Kasturi was successfully transformed and raised to a full grown plant within 3 months of time.

9 illus, 1 table, 35 ref