015832   Ramya M G;Akki R;Dinesh Kumar P (Pharmaceutics Dep, Univ College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Formulation and evalution of tolnaftate loaded topical nisomal gel. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(8), 29-34.

The aim of the present study was to formulate the topical gel containing tolnaftate niosomes to enhance diffusivity and to facilitate sustained release. The tolnaftate niosomes were prepared by altering the ratios of non ionic surfactants (span60, tween 80, twen60) maintaining cholesterol constant. Thin film hydration technique was employed for this purpose. The prepared niosomes were subjected to entrapment efficiency, size analysis. The obtained niosomes were dispersed into gel which were subjected to in vitro diffusion and exvivo diffusion studies, microbiological assay. Compared with the marketed available tolnaftate cream the niosomal gel showed higher diffusivity and sustained effect.

4 illus, 7 table, 12 ref

015831   Patel A B;Subramanian R B;Padh H;Shah T M; Mohapatra A M;Reddy R;Jakhesara S J;Koringa P G;Dash D;Joshi C G (BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Univ, V.V. Nagar-388 120, Email: cgjoshi@aau.in) : Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism - 143 - from Indian Bubalus bubalis through targeted sequence capture. Curr Sci 2017, 112(6), 1230-39.

Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) is an agro-economically important livestock species due to its multipurpose use in India and other Asian countries. The aim of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from buffalo genome. Genomic DNA was isolated from 24 blood samples of three Indian buffalo breeds and subjected to targeted pyrosequencing, followed by variant calling and annotation. Target probes for enrichment were designed from exome and 5'S and 3'S untranslated regions of cattle genome. By targeted pyro-sequencing and variant calling from 3.92 Gb data, 923,964 high-quality SNPs were identified. Many SNPs were identified in regulatory regions, leading to conformational changes in factor-binding sites, which play a role in gene expression as in the case of LPL gene from low-milkproducing samples. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and clustering, resulted in the enrichment of GO terms involved in milk production and transport, and fertility-related categories. Around 75% of SNPs were located on cattle quantitative trait loci, supporting trait-wise sample collection approach. Further, PCA analysis from the identified SNPs also supported sample selection strategy based on contrasting trait performance.

5 illus, 3 tables, 63 ref

015830   Nayeem M;Chauhan K;Khan S;Khan S;Rattu G; Dhaka R K;Sidduqui H (Food Science & Technology Dep, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management, Haryana) : Optimization of low- cost substrate for the production of single cell protein using Kluyveromyces marxianus. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(8), 22-5.

Advent of 21st century has brought an exponential growth in population thereby generating a great threat to food availability and agriculture especially in less developed countries. Single cell protein (SCP) production at a large scale is believed to be a pragmatic solution to the problem of global food shortage. The present work aims at optimizing the growth conditions and identifing a low cost substrate for the production of SCP using Kluyveromyces marxianus. K. marxianus is known to have a wide range of application in food industries and in the field of biotechnology. The parameters selected to test the optimum growth conditions were pH, temperature, varied combination of carbon and nitrogen sources. It was found that the strain of K. marxianus recorded maximum growth at pH 7 and temperature of 30°C. Three carbon sources i.e. lactose (4%), maltose (4%) and glucose (4%) and three nitrogen sources i.e. ammonium nitrate (1%), di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (1%) and yeast (0.5%) + peptone (0.5%) were tested in all possible combinations and the maximum growth results was obtained with the combination of lactose and yeast extract + peptone. Whey was identified as a cost effective raw material for the production of SCP and uninterrupted fermentation was carried out under laboratory conditions wherein 80% of biomass and protein content was harvested within 24 h. At this time the biomass yield was 36 mg/ml in which the crude protein content was 83.33%.

4 illus, 22 ref

015829   Mitta R;Kandula R R;Pulala R Y;Korlakunta N J;Vattikuti U M R (Pharmacology Dep, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad-501 401, Email: mittargv@gmail.com) : Antioxidant and alleviatory effects of hydroalcholic extract of cauliflower leaves against sodium fluoride-induced cardiotoxicity in wistar male rats. Curr Sci 2017, 112(6), 1183-6.

The objective of the present study was to explore the alleviatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (BOB) leaves against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced cardiotoxicity. Animals served as group I (normal control), group II (toxic control) and groups III-V (treatment groups) received extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt respectively. Group VI served as plant control and received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body wt. All groups, except groups I and VI, received NaF (100 ppm) through drinking water for 30 days. Results showed that administration of extract significantly minimized elevated serum levels of CK-MB and LDH, decreased cardiac lipid peroxidation, increased levels of reduced glutathione content and catalase enzyme in a dosedependent manner. The study revealed that BOB leaves show moderate antioxidant and alleviated sodium fluoride induced cardiotoxicity.

2 tables, 28 ref

015828   Marchyshyn S;Basaraba R;Berdey T (Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany Dep, I Horbaxhevsky Ternopil State Medical Univ, Ruska 36, Ternopil, Ukraine) : Investigation of phenolic compounds of Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. Herb. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(8), 9-11.

It was revealed and defined the quantitative content of individual phenolic compounds in the herb of cat's foot (Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn.) by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was detected 6 hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic, rozmarinic, p-coumaric, ferulic, caffeic and isomer of chlorogenic acid), 6 flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercetin, apigenin, luteolin, rutin, hyperoside) and 2 cumarins (umbelliferone and cumarin). The spectrophotometric method determined the quantitative content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in the herb of cat's foot (Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn.). It was detected that hydroxycinnamic acids dominated in quantity.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

015827   Manorenjitha Malar S;Jamil M;Hashim N;Kiong L S;Jaal Z (School of Biological Sciences, Sains Malaysia Univ, Malaysia) : Toxicity of white flesh Citrus grandis osbeck fruit peel extract againts Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) larvae and its effect on non target mechanisms. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(4), 49-57.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the bio-efficacy of white flesh Citrus grandis fruit peel extracts, essential oil and isolated compounds against late third instar Aedes aegypti larvae. Furthermore, this study also investigates its effect on non-target organisms. Bioassay was conducted under laboratory condition to determine the LC50 and LC90 values at 24 and 48 hours post treatment. The most toxic extract was tested at sub-lethal dose against non-target organism namely, Toxorhynchites splendens and Poecilia reticulata. Results revealed that the hexane extract proved to be the most effective with lowest LC50 values at 24 hours (17.98 ppm) and 48 hours (10.19 ppm). The extract is proven safe when tested with P. reticulata but toxic towards younger instar of Tx. splendens. The finding indicates that white flesh C. grandis fruit peel has the potential to be used as alternative larvicides against Ae. aegypti larvae.

4 table, 64 ref

015826   Maitre N;Kshirsagar MM (Computer Sciencea and Engineering Dep, G.H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharastra) : Prediction of bacterial infection in cotton using expressed sequence tags. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2016, 6(4), 471-4.

Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) are short sub-sequence of cDNA sequencing approach. Available ESTs can be used to tag almost 60% of the genes in a genome. ESTs can act like a powerful tool in hunt for genes involved in case of diseases. ESTs are short sequences and hence they are easy to compare. Comparing these ESTs for local alignment can be used to predict particular genetic configuration in a given genome assembly. This paper talks about the prediction of bacterial infections caused by Pantoea Algglomerans in Cotton breed, Gossypium Raimondii. BLAST is used to compare sequences and to generate its relationship with the actual genome mapping.

3 illus, 3 ref

015825   Kehali M AA;Bashir N HH;Abdelrahman E E; Abdelrahim A M (Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Te, Univ of Gezira, Wad Medani, P.O Box 20, Sudan) : Larvicidal activity of three plants powders and aqueous extracts on Anopheles and Culex mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae). Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(4), 37-41.

Anopheles and Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes are two of the major medically important pests in the Sudan. The present work objectives was to explore the larvicidal activity of local plants, viz. Nerium oleander L, Calotropis procera L. and Ricinus communis (khirwie) powders and aqueous-extracts of leaves and flowers of the first-two, and seeds of castor tested aganist 3rd and 4th instar larvae of A. arabiensis and C. quinquefasciatus, according to the standard methodes of WHO for rearing and assessment of mosquitoes susceptibility. Powder (3g) was suspended in 1L of tap water in a beaker (Replicate). Larvae (20/beaker) from both species were added separately to each replicate. Each treatment was replicated 3x, and the experiment was repeated twice. Mortality % was recoded after 24 hr. New set of 20 larvae was added to the same beaker every day after removing the previous group; the removal and addition was continued until 0% mortality was obtained. Regarding the aqueous-extracts, different concentrations were prepared from the tested morphological parts to determine the LD50 after 24 hr for both species. For A.arabiensis the effect of powders of Nerium leaves and flowers peresisted for 10 days with mean of 84% and 62%, respectively, while for C.quiqufasciatus the values were 10 days and - 141 - 7 days, with means of 54% and 68%, respectively. Powders of Ricinus seeds peresisted for 8 days for A. arabiensis with mean 71% and for 8 days for C. quiquefasciatus, but with 58% mean.

3 table, 28 ref

015824   Jhansi Lakshmi V;Kannan K P (Biotechnology Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: jhansi.minnu@gmail.com) : Isolation and identification of gold nanoparticles synthesizing fungi from Indian kolar gold field mine soil. J envir Biol 2016, 37(4), 565-71.

An indigenous fungal strain was isolated from Indian Kolar Gold Field mine soil. The isolate was heterothallic, branched septate, deeply floccose, fast-growing, dull green with white background conidial columnar mycelium from Aspergillus section Fumigati. Diverse metabolic patterns of the isolate exhibit high metal, thermal resistance which grews well from 28 ± 1°C to 37°C and pH concentration was significant on the growth of isolate. Phylogenetic analysis of 16srRNA β-Tubulin gene sequence established relationship among isolate and other taxa. Molecular identification and morphological features of fungal isolate were consistent with those of Neosartorya udagawae. Heterothallic N.udagawae FJ830683 strain was closely related to homothallic N. aureola EF661890. Fungal isolate extract synthesized narrow sized stable Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

4 illus, 31 ref

015823   Haq R;Munir N;Saleem F;Mushtaq A;Saleem A;Naz S (Biotechnology Dep, Lahore College for Women Univ, Lahore, Email: neelma.munir@yahoo.com) : Effect of physical mutagen on the salmonella inactivation, sensory evaluation and proximate analysis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 27-31.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown and consumed all over the world. It is a good as well as the cheapest source of protein, soluble, insoluble fibers, vitamins, potassium and phosphorus. The present research was done to check the efficacy of gamma irradiation on chickpea's proximate components and how the physical mutagen helped in Salmonella inactivation without any significant change in the - 140 - proximate components of chickpea. The samples were treated with three different doses of gamma radiation (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy). Screening and evaluation of native micro flora on chickpea was performed and the viable counts of the microbes detected on samples of chickpea were Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. which were confirmed by biochemical test (API strips) before and after gamma irradiation. Results showed that 2 kGy is the optimum dose for chickpea at which complete elimination of Salmonella was recorded with no significant effect on sensory property as well as the proximate content of Cicer arietinum L.

5 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

015822   George M;Joseph L;Saji J (Pharmacology Dep, Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Thiruvalla, Kerala) : Review on screening of antidiabetic activity of Passiflora ligularis. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(7), 6-7.

Medicinal plants and their extracts containing phytoconstituents play a vital role within the medicine system to preserve our health. India being medico diverse country in which the traditional systems of Ayurveda, Homeopathy and Unani recognize by the importance for medicinal plant extract variable in origins. Out of 2000 medicinal plants, which are recognized and are used throughout the system, Passiflora sp is one of them, many species of Passiflora have been used in therapeutic practice, and are used in the treatment of diabetis, anxiety cough cancer. Passiflora ligularis is commonly known as the sweet granadilla.

1 table, 6 ref

015821   Daphne Vivienne Gnanasalmoi V;Evelyne Priya S;Gnanadoss J J (Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Plant Biology, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034, Email: joelgna@gmail.com) : Biosorption of remazol brilliant blue R and indigo carmine using immobilized biomass of Psathyrella candolleana LCJ178. Pollut Res 2016, 35(2), 337-42.

Immobilized biomass of the fungi Psathyrella candolleana LCJ178 was used to study the biosorption of the dyes Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and Indigo Carmine. Support materials namely polyurethane foam, stainless steel sponge, scotch brite, white nylon sponge and luffa sponge were used to immobilize the biomass of P. candolleana LCJ178. Stainless steel sponge was found to be the best support for immobilization. The culture was found to bind firmly to stainless steel sponge and did not cause any operational difficulties during the biosorption studies. The effect of various parameters on decolourization of RBBR and indigo carmine was studied using the immobilized biomass. Results showed that an initial concentration of the dye at 10 mg/L, a high inoculum size of 50 g/L and an initial pH of 5 of the dye solution favoured maximum decolourization of both RBBR and indigo carmine. Shaking condition also facilitated better removal of the dyes compared with the static condition. The study demonstrated that besides a suitable support, other physical parameters were essential factors for augmenting the decolourization process.

2 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

015820   Arya Lakshmi M;Srinivas K;Rani S U;Praneetha V (Pharmacognosy Dep, Sri Vasavi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pedatadepalli, Tadepalligudem-534 101) : Evaluation of in vitro anti inflammatory activity of Elaeocarpus ganitrus of bark extract by HRBC membrane stabilization. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2016, 6(4), 395-9.

To evaluate the in-vitro anti inflammatory activity of Elaeocarpus ganitrus roxb of bark extracts by HRBC membrane stabilization. The plant Elaeocarpus ganitrus roxb (Elaeocarpaceae) commonly known as Rudraksha the king of herbal medicines. The plants are distributed throughout India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Malaysia, Southern China, Australia etc. The leaves, fruits, seeds and stems of the plant have been used widely in traditional folk medicine in many parts of India. In the information regarding the use of bark of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb for several disorders systemic in vitro studies were carried out in our laboratory to establish the anti inflammatory potential by using HRBC membrane stabilization method. HRBC membrane is equals to lysosomal membrane which plays the role in the process of inflammation. The in-vitro HRBC membrane stabilization method showed significant anti inflammatory property of various Elaeocarpus ganitrus tested - 139 - extracts. It was found that the chloroform extract shows significant anti inflammatory activity at the concentration of 500 μg/ml which is comparable to the standard Diclofenac sodium.

5 illus, 3 table, 8 ref

014798   Yadav S R;Anil Kumar;Neogy A;Garg T (Biotechnology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Email: srydbfbt@iitr.ac.in) : OsMADS1/OsLHS1: diversified regulatory functions in ensuring transition and completion of sexual reproduction in rice. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2017, 83(1), 67-79.

Sexual reproduction is a highly adopted mode of propagation in higher plants. Monocot grass species develop fertile - 110 - florets on the spikelet of their inflorescences (panicle). MADS-box containing SEPALLATA proteins, together with other transcription factors play crucial role during floral meristem specification, or ganogenesis and meristem determinacy. Unlike four largely redundant SEP genes in Arabidopsis, five rice SEP genes display both redundant and non-redundant functions in controlling reproductive development. LEAFY HULL STERILE1/OsMADS1, member of a grass-specific LOFSEP clade of rice SEP gene family, is required for specification and development of a fertile floret on the spikelet meristem. OsMADS1 irreversibly promotes spikelet to floret transition by specifying floret meristem identity and repressing spikelet identity. It also suppresses reversion of floret meristem to shoot meristem fate. During later stages, while OsMADS1 maintains floret meristem functions, it also controls floret organ specification and differentiation and determinacy of floret meristem. These diverse functions of OsMADS1 are brought by its genetic and physical interactions with various other genetic regulators and forming higher order complexes at different developmental stages. Thus, all functional data in corroboration with estimated evolutionary divergence time scale of OsMADS1 sub-clade suggest that OsMADS1 is co-evolved with grasses and as a key regulator of rice sexual reproductive habit, it has not only retained its conserved functions but also has acquired some species-specific functions.

3 illus, 82 ref

014797   Thamizhoviya G;Kirjayini P P;Vanishree A J (Biochemistry Dep, Madras Univ, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Email: vanielango@gamil.com) : Impacts of noni juice on myelin components, neurotransmittory and behavioural status in rats exposed to Immobilization stress. Curr Sci 2017, 112(2), 295-303.

Several reports indicate that psychological stress and depression are detrimental to health and that chronic stress implicates pathophysiology of mood and anxiety- related disorders, thus leading to several stressrelated complications. The present study focuses on behavioural status and neurochemical variations in myelin of rat brain exposed to chronic immobilization stress and evaluates the effect of fruit juice of noni over changes in the myelin content of forebrain (FB) and midbrain (MB) regions of rats exposed to stress. Immobilization stress (IS) strategy was utilized to induce stress in Wistar rats. Myelin protein was isolated from the MB and FB regions of rats. Assessment of activities of membrane bound enzymes, levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and glutamate of FB and MB) and lipid profile of myelin in addition to behavioural analysis were carried out. The membrane- bound enzymes such as ATPases, 5'-nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase exhibit significant decrease in their activities both in the FB and MB regions on stress induction, when compared to that of control. The neurotransmitters and lipid profile also show similar pattern among the experimental group. However, administration of noni juice (NJ) in ISexposed rats can significantly alter the activities of myelin-associated enzymes and levels of neurotransmitters and lipid content of myelin (P <60> 0.05) along with improvement in the behavioural pattern when compared to those of IS rats. These preliminary results set targets for further authentication of the use of NJ against stress. This NJ could become one of the ideal supplements for management of stress-induced neurological disorders.

15 illus, 44 ref

014796   Subramani M;Sepperumal U (Zoology P.G and Research Dep, Periyar EVR College, Tiruchirapalli-620 023) : GCMS analysis of Psedomonas sp, mediated degradation of polystrene. Ann Biol Res 0000, 8(1), 8-11.

Accumulation of polysytrene waste is of environmental concern. Although several strategies have been adopted to dispose off these waste, an eco-friendly and cost effective method has to be evolved. Microorganisms have been reported to degrade polystyrene waste. In this study, bacteria prevalent in polystyrene waste dumped soil have - 109 - been screened for their potential to degrade polystyrene waste. The bacteria adapted to such environment could utilise polystyrene as a carbon source for their growth. Hence, we have traced the degradative metabolites of polystyrene on incubation of polystyrene in minimal salt media inoculated with Pseudomonas sp., isolated from polystyrene waste dumped soil. Polystyrene was degraded to p-xylene, Ethylbenzene, (3-chloro-1-propynyl)-cyclohexane, (3-chloropropyl)methylene-cyclopropane, 1-cyclopropyl-2-nitro-Benzene, Bis(2-methylpropyl)ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-(Heptyloxycarbonyl)benzoic acid, 2-(octyloxycarbonyl)benzoic acid, Dihexyl ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and Butyl octyl ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid in MSM after a period of one month. Comparatively, inoculation of polystyrene with Pseudomonas sp., in MSM resulted in the formation of 2-(Nonyloxycarbonyl)benzoic acid, 1-chloro-2-methyl-cyclohexene, Dihexyl ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid besides these compounds.

1 table, 18 ref

014795   Ramasubramania Raja R;Shanmuga Pandiyan P (NO, PRIST Univ, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu) : Evaluation of antimicrobial studies on ethanolic extracts and poly herbal formulations of Abutilon indicum, Aristolochea bracteolatye, and Andrographis paniculata by using flow cytometer. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2017, 7(1), 1-7.

Abutilon indicum belonging to the family of malvaceae, It is a perennial shrub. It habitually grows as wild plant abundantly in wastelands and seashore to 1200 m high in India. Aristolochia bracteolate is a perennial, mostly prostrate but occasionally climbing or suberect, unpleasantly smelling herb. The plant is usually gathered from the wild and is used locally in traditional medicine. Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae. The above mentioning the three plants have been traditionally used to treat infections and some diseases. In our study focused the preparation of ethanolic extract from above mentioning the three plant leaves. The various concentrations like 1%, 2.5%, and 5% poly herbal cream, ointment and gel was prepared and physically evaluated. The flow cytometric method analysed the two fungal strains Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis and three bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Propionibacterium acnes. Finally we reported on our plant extracts and polyherbal formulations having potential activity against these micro organisms.

5 illus, 8 tables, 15 ref

014794   Rajitha R;Anand C (PG and Research Dep of Biochemistry, Bhaktavatsalam Memorial College for Women, Korattur, Chennai-80) : Evaluation of antifungal activity in plant extract against Fusarium moniliforme. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(1), 41-9.

The present study was aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of some plant extract against Fusarium moniliforme. Pure culture of Fusarium moniliforme MTCC (156) was used. The in vitro studies have been performed by using sub cultured fungus and 1ml of extract was used for the screening. The agar with the sample was mixed well and then poured into petriplates. In these plates 0.2 ml of diluted spore suspension (50 X 10^{3 CFU/ml) of Fusarium moniliforme was added and kept at room temperature for three days. These extracts were screened for their antifungal activity by the spread plate method. In out of twenty nine plants extract was screened against Fusarium moniliforme. Out of twenty nine plant extract, twenty seven plant extracts showed antifungal activity, while maximum activity was observed in rose mary leaves (91%) and curry leaves (83.6%), minimum activity was observed in allspice leaves (3.6%) but geranium (-3.2%) and basumati leaves (- 47.78%) were observed negative antifungal activity.}

26 ref

014793   Prata M N L;Oliveria C D C;Charlie-Silva I; Lima-Romero R;Perez A D C (Pharmacology Dep, Institute of Biological Sciences ICB-UFMG, Av.Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEp 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil) : Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(4), 48-55.

Diabetes is characterized by the absence of insulin or impairment of its action, which consequently lead to chronic hyperglycemia. Numerous complications emerge as a consequence of this metabolic alteration, resulting in complications of the circulatory system, vascular endothelium lesions and, consequently, the appearance of an inflammatory process and secondary diseases. Our objective is to review the anti-inflammatory action of resveratrol in chronic complications caused by Diabetes Mellitus. Several studies indicate that its anti-inflammatory action is due to the inhibition of several pro-inflammatory pathways and consequently the reduction of pro-inflammatory markers such as cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. Resveratrol was able to reduce the inflammatory effects caused by Diabetes Mellitus, and improved nephropathy, neuropathy, hepatopathy, retinopathy, insulitis, among others, being a potential pharmacological tool and/or medicament.

3 illus, 1 table, 49 ref

014792   Murthy G S;Francis T P;Singh C R;Somasundar K;Nagendra H G;Sridhar N B (Herbal Science Trust, , Bengaluru-560 025, Email: gundlumurthy43@gmail.com) : Therapeutic properties of procesed aqueous extract of Asteracantha longifolia in the human. Curr Sci 0000, 112(5), 982-8.

Treatment of disease with herbal extracts is common in both Ayurveda and herbal systems of medicine. We have identified that therapeutic activity of Asteracantha longifolia is associated with the dialysable portion of the extract. The extract was partially purified by a method using alcohol precipitation. This partially purified A. longifolia extract (PALE) was studied for its therapeutic activity in the human when administered orally. Oral administration of 0.1 ml of PALE (equivalent to 5 ml of original extract) was found to increase haemoglobin and lymphocytes and reduce neutrophils in the blood. The effect was not short term as this profile persisted for as long as 6-8 months, indicating that PALE is an excellent herbal medicament for improving the quality of blood in the human.

6 tables, 13 ref

014791   Mohammadoo-khorasani M;Salimi S;Tabatabai E; Zakeri M Sandoughi Z;Farajian-Mashhadi F (Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan Univ of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran) : Interleukin-1 β) & IL-4 gene polymorphisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) & their association with susceptibility to SLE. Indian J med Res 2016, 143(5), 591-6.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that plays a main role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine regulates balance between Th1 and Th2 immune responses. this study was undertaken to investigate the IL-1β and IL-4 genes polymorphisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and also association between the polymorphisms and susceptibility to SLE. One hundred and sixty three SLE patients and 180 healthy controls were genotyped for the IL-4 - 107 - VNTR (variable number tandem repeat), IL-1β C-511T and IL-1β T-31C polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) method. The frequencies of CC genotype and C allele of the IL-1β T-31C polymorphism were significantly (P<60>0.01) lower in SLE patients than controls. Moreover, the frequencies of RP1/RP2 genotype and RP2 allele of IL-4 VNTR polymorphism were significantly (P<60>0.05) higher in the SLE patients. No association was observed between IL-1β C-511T polymorphism and increased risk of SLE. We observed increased frequency of CT and TT genotypes of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism in SLE patients with malar rash compared to SLE patients without this manifestation. The present findings suggest that IL-1β T-31C and IL-4 VNTR polymorphisms but not IL-1β C-511T polymorphism may contribute in SLE pathogenesis. In addition, CT and TT genotypes of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism were associated with SLE.

4 tables, 27 ref

014790   Makroo R N;Bhatia A;Chowdhry M;Rosamma N L; Karna P (Transfusion Medicine Dep, Molecular Biology & Transplant Immunology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospit, New Delhi) : Frequency of Mi<. Indian J med Res 2016, 143(5), 633-5.

The Miltenberger (Mi) classes represent a group of phenotypes for red cells that carry low frequency antigens associated with the MNSs blood group system. This pilot study was aimed at determining the Mia antigen positivity in the blood donor population in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. The study was performed between June to August 2014 on eligible blood donors willing to participate. Antigen typing was performed using monoclonal anti-Mia antiserum by tube technique. Only one of the 1000 blood donors (0.1%) tested was found to be Mia antigen positive. the Mia antigen can, therefore, be considered as being rare in the Indian blood donor population.

17 ref

014789   Konwarh R;Bhunia B K;Mandal B B (Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biosciences & Bioengineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Guwa, Guwahati-781 039, Email: biman.mandal@iitg.ernet.in) : Opportunities and challenges in exploring Indian non-mulberry silk for biomedical applications. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2017, 83(1), 85-101.

Owing to innate desirable features like biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, tunable biodegradability and amenability to multiple formatting, silk (christened as the 'queen of textile') has carved a unique niche in the realm of regenerative medicine. Silkworms, being the major source of silk are generally classified as mulberry and non-mulberry types depending on their feeding habit. Over the years, numerous patents and manuscripts on mulberry based silk for various biomedical applications have been published. In sharp contrast to this, the (immense) potential of the non-mulberry silk for biotechnological applications has been realised quite late. In this article, we have presented the prospects and the recent endeavors to exploit non-mulberry silk (fibroin and sericin) extracted from Antheraea mylitta (tasar), Antheraea assamensis (muga), Philosamia ricini (eri) etc. for fabrication of various formats of biomaterials in applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, in vitro tumour modelling, antimicrobial sutures etc. The focus of this article is to highlight the prospective avenues of exploring non-mulberry silk in biomedical domain, as reflected through some of the recent select research works.

^iia8 illus, 3 tables, 70 ref

014788   Kishore V;Srivastava C N;Ashok Kumar;Lalit Mohan (Applied Entomology & Vector Control Lab, Zoology Dep, Faculty of Scie, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005, Email: lalitmohan_dei@rediffmail.com) : Toxic potentiality of Adhatoda vasica root extracts against Hyalomma anatolicum (Acari: Ixodiadae). J ent Res 0000, 40(2), 149-55.

The results indicated that the crude petroleum ether, hexane and methanol extracts of Adhatoda vasica were effective against Hyalomma anatolicum adults and petroleum ether extract was found the most potent with LC₅₀, 303.62 and LC₉₀, 1030.23 ppm followed by hexane extract with LC₅₀, 581.33 and LC₉₀, 2069.52 ppm and methanol extract with LC₅₀, 1247.85 and LC₉₀, 3692.61 ppm after 24 h of treatment. Estimated reproductive factor (ERF) and % inhibition of egg laying were also assessed along with mortality response of tested concentrations of each extract. Hexane extract being the most effective among all the tested extracts showed 100% mortality at 2400 ppm and egg laying inhibition 78.88, 88.02 99.13 and 99.67% at 400, 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 ppm after 15 days of exposure, respectively.

4 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

014787   Joshi R A (Patanjali Herbal Research Dep, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand) : Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) as anticancer herb. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(1), 74-92.

Withania somnifera commonly called as Ashwagandha is a widely used medicinal herb in Ayurveda. It is considered to be a Rasayana herb, an adaptogen, and is commonly referred to as 'Indian ginseng'. All the parts of the plant are used in daily tonics and various home remedy recipes to increase health and longevity. Many recent studies have provided evidence for its analgesic, antioxidant, antistress, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective adaptogenic, antispasmodic, and immunomodulatory and immunostimulant activities. The roots and and leaf extracts contain components that prevent cancer, enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies, and alleviate the side effects of radiation and chemotherapy. Ashwagandha selectively inhibits cancer cells using five signaling pathways and has proven effective against multiple types of cancers. Ashwagandha has been found to be effective in cancer treatment as it reduces tumor cell proliferation while increasing overall survival time and also shown to enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy while potentially mitigating undesirable side effects. It also reduces the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents without interfering with the tumorreducing actions of the drugs. These effects have been demonstrated in vitro on human cancer cell lines, and in vivo on animal subjects, but human trials have been limited. Ayurveda has always extolled Ashwagandha's virtues as a wonder herb that improves the body's immunity and vitality. With backing from age-old traditional medicine as well as modern research, Ashwagandha presents itself as a herb that holds great promise for integrative cancer care.

85 ref

014786   Jafari A A Al;Daoud M S;Ataya F S (Biochemistry Dep, College of Science, King Saud Univ, P.O. Box2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia) : ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in coronary artery disease in the Saudi population. Archiv appl Sci Res 0000, 8(3), 4-10.

Genetic factors play a pivotal role in the development and pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism is one of the various genetic factors associated with CAD. In this study, we investigated the association between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and CAD in the Saudi population. A total of 210 CAD patients were studied, while 103 age-matched healthy adults were used as control subjects. ACE I/D polymorphism was detected by electrophoresing the amplified PCR ACE product on an agarose gel, and several biochemical and behavioral markers were monitored.In the CAD group, we determined that the DD genotype frequency was 65.7%, whereas 27.6% of the patients carried the ID genotype, and 6.7% carried the II genotype. Within the control group, 57.3% carried the DD genotype, 25.2% carried the ID genotype, and 17.5%carried the II genotype. The odds ratio (OR) of the ACE genotype ID versus the II genotype at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.87 (1.24-6.63, p <60> 0.01), and the OR of the DD versus the II genotype at a 95% CI was 3.01 (1.40-6.44, p <60> 0.004). Our results provide a significant - 105 - association between the ID and DD ACE polymorphisms in CAD patients in the Saudi population.

6 tables, 38 ref

014785   Duran N;Aki C (Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Subdivision of Bilology, Graduate school of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale, Turkey) : Effects of umami substances monosodium glutamate (MSG) and ribonucleotiodes (GMP/IMP) on mitotic index in Allium cepa L. plant. Ann Biol Res 2017, 8(1), 18-23.

In this research the effects of two different food additives like Mono Sodium Glutamate (MSG) and ribonucleotides [inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and Guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP)] have been used for determining the genotoxic potential by the meaning of mitotic index analysis. Allium cepa L. root tip test were used for mitotic index measuring. For comparing the effects of three different concentrations of MSG and ribonucleotides (I+G) after 24, 48 and 72 hours exposure time on A. cepa, root tip test were realized. All experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in the laboratory. According to our research results, it seems that different concentrations MSG and ribonucleotides (I+G) applications has been decreased the mitotic index values in A. cepa depending to increased concentrations and 72 hours exposure time respectively in MSG and ribonucleotides (I+G) as %85.43 and %90.78 when compared with the control group. Research results consistently showed that mitotic cell division has been inhibited with different concentrations of MSG and ribonucleotides (I+G) applications depending to the exposure time.

2 illus, 36 ref

014784   Christina O U;Baxter-Grillo D;Helen N;Tracy I P (Anatomy Dep, Igbinedion Univ, Nigeria) : Phytochemical, proximate and elemental constitutents of Aspilia africana (Wild sunflower) flowers. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(4), 22-7.

In recent times, medicinal plants have gained global acceptance and are now being used in the management of diseases and infections. Several plants and plant parts have been found to possess a myriad of phytocompounds that makes them therapeutically relevant. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical, proximate and elemental constituents of Aspilia africana flowers. The results obtained revealed several therapeutically relevant phytochemicals including tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, steroids, anthocyanins, phlobatannins, phenolics and terpenoids in varied quantities in its crude state, most of which are retained though in smaller quantities in its aqueous extract. The proximate analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates (53.47%), proteins (17.53%), fats (2.37%), ash (9.17%), crude fibre (9.10%) and moisture (8.47%) in the dry crude state while the - 104 - aqueous extract revealed lower percentages of proximate compounds with the exception of fat and crude fibre which were completely lacking. The macro and micro elements found in the samples used for this study includes magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, while lead and cadmium were absent. This shows that A. africana flowers have medicinal values and can be used in the treatment and amelioration of diseases and symptoms.

2 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

014783   Boruah A;Buragohain J;Chakraborty A (Institutional Biotech Hub (DBT Govt of India), Namrup College, ) : Isolation and quantitative estimation of protein from hidol-A traditional fermented fish products of Assam using alcalase enzyme. Ann Biol Res 2017, 8(1), 12-17.

Hidol (Shidol), Hukoti, Namsing, Ngari are the four different types of traditional fish products popular in Assam as well as other parts of North East India. Of these products, hidol is largely and exclusively used by the people of different communities of Assam because of its unique flavor and aroma. Present investigation was intended to study on hidol through comparative analysis on extraction and quantitative estimation of proteins extracted from both the fermented ie hidol and unfermented fresh fishes. Experimental study involved protein extraction from both hidol and fresh (unfermented) fish by using alcalase enzyme and quantitative estimation following the methods as described by Lowery et al. (1951). The protein quantity of the hidol and unfermented fresh fish is found to be 363.798 μg/ml and 677 μg/ml respectively.

6 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

014782   Bindhu V R;Ganga S;Dayanandan S (Zoology Dep, University College, Thiruvananthapuram-695 034, Email: bindulayathil@gmail.com) : Impact of partially purified compounds of Boerhavia diffusa on Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). J ent Res 2016, 40(1), 11-15.

HPLC and GC MS analysis of the ethanol leaf extract of Boerhavia diffusa revealed the presence of various antifeedant compounds. These antifeedant compounds were effective in reducing the digestive enzymes like protease and amylase of third instar larvae of Callosobruchus chinensis.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

014781   Bhide S;Khadabadi S S (Pharmacognosy Dep, Ideal College of Pharmacy and Research, Kalyan, Maharashtra, Govern, Amravati, Maharashtra, Email: ssbhide1920@gmail.com) : Phytochemical and physiochemical studies of Soyamida febrifuga leaf (Meliaceae). Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(10), 445-54.

The study mainly focuses on the ethnomedicinal importance of Soymida febrifuga. The selected plant was reported to have wide ethnomedicinal use. The literatures revealed that there is lack of scientific reports on its leaf. So it is important to provide scientific means in a systematic manner. The Phytochemical analysis of the plant has stated about the presence of Carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, Saponin glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, phenolics and fixed oil etc. The ethnomedicinal documentation confirms about the potent activity of - 103 - the leaf part of Soymida febrifuga. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of Holoptelea integrifolia and Celestrus emarginata contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.

6 tables, 34 ref

014780   Barua A;Ashu Kumar;Thavaselvam D;Mangalgi S; Prakash A;Tiwari S;Arora S;Sathyaseelan K (Microbiology Div, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior) : Isolation & characterization of Brucella melitensis isolated from patients suspected for human brucellosis in India. Indian J med Res 2016, 143(5), 652-8.

Brucellosis is endemic in the southern part of India. A combination of biochemical, serological and molecular methods is required for identification and biotyping of Brucella. The present study describes the isolation and biochemical, molecular characterization of Brucella melitensis from patients suspected for human brucellosis. The blood samples were collected from febrile patients suspected to have brucellosis. A total of 18 isolates were obtained from 102 blood samples subjected to culture. The characterization of these 18 isolates was done by growth on Brucella specific medium, biochemical reactions, CO2 requirement, H2S production, agglutination with A and M mono-specific antiserum, dye sensitivity to basic fuchsin and thionin. Further, molecular characterization of the isolates was done by amplification of B. melitensis species specific IS 711 repetitive DNA fragment and 16S (rRNA) sequence analysis. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of omp2 locus and IS711 gene was also done for molecular characterization. All 102 suspected samples were subjected to bacteria isolation and of these, 18 isolates could be recovered on blood culture. The biochemical, PCR and PCR-RFLP and 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that all isolates were of B. melitensis and matched exactly with reference strain B. melitensis 16M. The present study showed an overall isolation rate of 17.64 per cent for B. melitensis. There is a need to establish facilities for isolation and characterization of Brucella species for effective clinical management of the disease among patients as well as surveillance and control of infection in domestic animals. Further studies are needed from different geographical areas of the country with different level of endemicity to plan and execute control strategies against human brucellosis.

1 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

014779   Audipudi A V;Didla M (Microbiology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur-522 510) : Effect of inducers and enhancers on bioprocessing of α-amylase produced by Bacillus sp AVMB2 isolated from chilli rhizosphere. Ann Biol Res 2016, 7(7), 9-17.

Bacterial strain (AVMB2) isolated from Chilli rhizosphere were screened for Amylase production and tentatively identified as genus Bacillus by morphological, physical, physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization by partial 16S r RNA gene sequencing. a-amylase enzyme production was - 102 - quantitatively characterized from Bacillus strains and optimized the culture conditions for bioprocessing under submerged fermentation with different organic sources. The production of amylase was increased by 35-60% under optimized conditions of 35°C, pH7.0 with starch as carbon sources and peptone as nitrogen sources respectively after 48 hrs of incubation. Soya bean oil seed cake induced maximum amylase production.

11 illus, 4 tables, 51 ref

014778   Antonyan A;Sharoyan S;Harutyunyan H;Barboni L;Lupidi G;Mardanyan S (H. Buniatyan Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian National Academy o, , 5/I P. Sevak Str., Yerevan 0014, Republic of Armenia, Email: biochem@ipia.sci.am) : Protection of hippocampal and islet beta cells in vitro by emodin from leaves of Rumex confertus. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(10), 437-44.

The natural anthracene derivative emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is known as an anticancer agent. In the present work it was isolated for the first time from the ethanol extract of Rumex confertus leaves, widely used in Armenia as a vegetable. It was purified in two-step low pressure liquid chromatography - a significantly easier and inexpensive procedure compared with those used for emodin purification. The purified preparation was characterized by chemical and TLC analyses, NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. A rather high cytotoxicity toward cultivated primary cells of mice Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was demonstrated for both the ethanol extract (IC₅₀ = 0.3 ± 0.04 μg/ml) and emodin (IC₅₀ = 40 ± 10 ng/ml) from Rumex confertus leaves. Along with the anticancer activity, these preparations protected a) hippocampal cells against toxic action of aggregated amyloid Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) peptides, and b) the islet β-cells against death in the presence of aggregated pancreas peptide hormone amylin. The obtained results provide a rationale for developing anticancer, neuroprotective and antidiabetic remedies from the leaves of Rumex confertus.

5 illus, 37 ref

013703   Yadav B;Chandra K (Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, SGT Univ, Gurgaon-122 505, Email: bhuvneshyadav@gmail.com) : Isolation, purification, and characterization of xylanase produced by three species of bacillus under submerged fermentation conditions. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1210-13.

This study focuses on the screening and identification of bacteria, which can produce alkaline xylanase at alkaline pH and high temperature. Bacterial isolates from enriched decaying soil, capable of hydrolyzing xylan were screened. Selected and purified 13 bacterial colonies (Bacilli and Kurthia) grown on xylan- nutrient agar slants, were activated and transferred into the fermentation medium. Three highest xylanase producing isolates (Bacillus badius, Kurthia gibsonii, Bacillus circulans) were selected for further studies and the xylanase produced by them were screened for their kinetic properties. The optimum temperature for the activity of the xylanase from Isolates A was 50oC; and for Isolate B was 40°C, while that of Isolate C was 30°C. The optimum pH value for the xylanase from isolate A and B was 9.0. In addition, the xylanase was also capable of producing high-quality xylo-oligosaccharides, which indicated its application potential not only in pulp bio-bleaching processes but also in the nutraceutical industry.

1 illus, 1 table, 21

013702   Vrinda S;Reshmi C;Jose S;Reynold P;Vijayan K K;Philip R;Singh I S B (National Centre for Aquaic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682 016, Email: isbsingh@gmail.com) : Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family gene silencing in Penaeus monodon dediated through dsRNA synthesized in vitro from genomic and cDNA. Indian J Biotechnol 2017, 16(1), 37-43.

RNA inference (RNAi) is the phenomenon in which long dsRNA is able to silence cognate gene expression. In the present study, 801 bp crustacean hyperglycemic hormone 1 (CHH1) and 795 bp moult inhibiting hormone 1 (MIH1) specific dsRNAs from genomic DNA, and 316 bp gonad inhibiting hormone (GIH) specific dsRNA and cDNA were constructed in vitro. Then the specific dsRNA constructs were administered into adult shrimps (Penaeus monodon). The gene expression was studied by semi quantitative RT-PCR and by monitoring haemolyph glucose concentration, duration of moulting and expression of vitellogenin as measures of specific biological activity. The gene silencing of CHH1, MIH1 and GIH genes could be attained within 24 h of dsRNA application. GIH gene silencing was observed up to 60th h. However, a complete silencing of MIH1 and MIH2 continued to 108 h post administration. Physiology of the animals infected with dsRNA of CHH1, MIH1 and GIH corroborated with the silencing of the specific genes resulting in the decrease of haemolyph glucose level, reduction in the days of moulting and expression of vitellogenin gene, respectively in adult shrimp. These results suggest the possibility of using dsRNAs of CHH family hormone genes as molecular tools for silencing inhibitory genes in turn affecting induced maturation in P. monodon.

8 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

013701   Voronina I A;Tsarkova M S;Zaitsev S Y (Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named, Akad. Skryabin 23, Moscow, 109472 Russia, Email: szaitsev@mail.ru) : Nutrition influence on blood colloid and biochemistry parameters of the lactating cow. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 89-92.

The information about the metabolic changes in animal body is very important and usually obtained by biochemical analysis of cow blood. A surface tension measurement of the cow serum is a modern analytical approach for the preliminary assessment of biochemical blood composition. In turn, a feeding is one of the factors determining the physiological-biochemical status of the animal. The two animal groups: 1) on "summer" diet (with "green-grass" nutrients); 2) on "winter" diet (with "silage and the concentrate" nutrients) were formed in order to estimate the influence of the animal diet on the physiological-biochemical status. Both diets were balanced by nutrients and energy. The influence of "summer" or "winter" diet on such metabolic parameters as glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and albumin fractions at the level of 10-20% was found by biochemical analysis of the cow blood. The difference between these groups at the level of mineral metabolism was minimal. The study assessed the reliability of the application of the biochemical method and measurements of surface tension of cow blood as the comprehensive assessment of the impact of diet on physiological-biochemical status of the lactating cows.

5 tables, 8 ref

013700   Unissa R;Sowmya M;Sagarika Y;Divya V;Anusha M;Chauhan A K;Konakanchi S;Chowdary S (Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Osmania Univ, Telangana) : Purification, kinetic characterization and anti-proliferative activity of a therapeutic protein from marine sources. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 201-8.

The aims of the present study were to extract, purify, characterize and evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of L-arginase against the cancer cells. L-Arginase is a therapeutic L-arginine depleter, was found to possess excellent antiproliferative activity against various arginine auxotrophic cancer cells. It depletes the levels of l-arginine by converting it into l-ornithine and urea. The marine isolate, Idiomarina sediminium H1695 used in the present study was isolated from coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, India. The culture was grown and maintained fresh on the nutrient agar slants and preserved under refrigeration. The production of the enzyme was carried out under optimal conditions using submerged fermentation technique. The enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation technique followed by standard chromatographical methods. It was then characterized and evaluated for the anti-proliferative activity against A375-C6 and HCT-116 cells. The results revealed that the enzyme was purified to 29.87 folds after gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was confirmed by SDS-PAGE which showed single band of protein with molecular mass 37 k Da. The purified enzyme of Idiomarina sp. exhibited maximum activity at temperature 37°C and pH 7.5. I.C.₅₀ values for A375-C6 and HCT-116 cell lines were found to be 3.47 and 5.765 U/ml respectively. L-Arginase produced by Idiomarina sp. could be a suitable target for arginine auxotrophic cancers. Further animal studies must be carried out to develop the enzyme in the form of chemotherapeutic drug.

9 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

013699   Unissa R;Chauhan A K;Malleshwari A;Vinitha N; Haarika K;Aneesha C S;Sree D N T;Monika S;Begum M I (Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Osmania Univ, Telangana, Email: srunissa@gmail.com) : Evidence based comparative studies on free and immobilized therapeutic protein. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 343-8.

The aims of the present work were to carry out comparative studies on free and immobilized l-arginine deiminase obtained from marine Vibrio alginolyticus 1374. Therapeutic proteins of microbial origin though possess excellent pharmacological activities gets quickly broken down into amino acids by the action of proteases in the body. Hence to protect its activity and integrity the enzyme was attached with a compatible polymer such as PEG and was further evaluated for the presence of the stability and activity. Enzyme production was carried - 113 - out by culturing Vibrio sp. under optimal conditions and was purified by standard chromatographical techniques. The purified enzyme thus obtained was immobilized using different concentrations of PEG20k and purified. The Pegylated enzyme was kinetically characterized and evaluated for anti-proliferating activity against four cancer cell lines. mPEG-Succinimidyl Succinate, MW 20,000 coupled with ADI with very high affinity under mild conditions. The pegylated ADI had 3.1 PEG chains of 20k length which not only protected the enzyme from degradation but also increased plasma t 1/4 and prevented immunogenicity. It showed approximate molecular weight of about 112 k Da. The K_m and V_max values of PEGylated ADI were found to be 2.94 ± 0.13 mM and 129.87 ± 1.24 U/ml/min respectively. Though there was a slight change in K_m and V_max values, it still retained its activity against four cancer cell lines with slight decrease in the activity compared to free enzyme. L-Arginine deiminase of Vibrio sp. remained effective even after pegylation. Hence it can be a promising candidate in treatment of l-arginine auxotrophic cancers. In vivo studies must be carried out to develop the enzyme in the form of chemotherapeutic drug.

10 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

013698   Tamilvanan B;Bhaskaran V M (Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046) : New feature selection techniques using genetics search and random search approaches for breast cancer. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 409-14.

In this paper mainly deals with various classification algorithm techniques with feature extraction algorithm used to improve the predicated accuracy of the algorithm. This paper applied with correlation based feature selection as a feature evaluator and Genetics and random searching method. The results of the classification model are sensitive, specificity, precision, time, and accuracy. Finally, it concludes that the proposed CFL-NB algorithm performance is better than other classification algorithms techniques for breast cancer disease.

3 illus, 7 tables, 36 ref

013697   Suresh S;Radha K V (Chemical Engineering Dep, A.C. Tech., Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: sureshbiochem14@gmail.com) : Statistical optimization and mutagenesis for high level of phytase production by Rhizopus oligosporus MTCC 556 under solid state fermentation. J envir Biol 2016, 37(2), 253-9.

The present study deals with production of phytase from Rhizopus oligosporus MTCC 556 by solid state fermentation (SSF) using different (ADT27, IR20, PAIYUR1, KG, and RASI) rice bran varieties, in which ADT27 rice bran yield maximum of 6.2 U gds^-1 phytase. Statistical optimization was employed by Central Composite Design (CCD); the results showed that 3.0 g dextrose, 2.5 g ammonium nitrate, substrate size of 80 mesh, 10 mg calcium chloride was 116 hr at optimal for phytase production by SSF, with maximum of 23.14 U gds^-1. Phytase production improved by 4 fold (31.3 U/gds) due to chemical mutagenesis (mutant Rhizopus oligosporus MTCC 1116) in optimized media composition. Partially purified phytase showed approximately 90 kDa of molecular mass and was optimally active at 5.5 pH and 50°C temperature. Substrate specificity exhibited in sodium phytic acid and phytase activity was stimulated by Zn²⁺ and Ca²⁺.

2 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

013696   Sulong M R;Leow T C;Rahman R N Z R A;Basri M; Salleh A B (Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43300 Malaysia, Email: abubakar@upm.edu.my) : Characteristics of recombinant maltogenic amylase from Geobacillus sp. SK70. Indian J Biotechnol 2017, 16(1), 91-9.

Thermostable maltogenic amylase producing-bacterium was isolated from a 70°C hot spring at Sungai Klah, Perak, Malaysia and was designated as Geobacillus sp. SK70 based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis. The gene encoding a thermostable maltogenic amylase was expressed in Escherichia coli using pET102 Directional TOPO expression vector, and it is the first ever report on using such expression vector. The highest enzyme activity was obtained after 12 h of po-induction time using 0.02 mM isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with 8.2-fold and 41% recovery through a single-step using His-Trap HP affinity column chromatography. The optimum temperature and pH of the purified enzyme was at 55°C and pH 7.0, respectively, and showed broad pH stability ranging from pH 5.0 to 10.0. The activity of the purified enzyme was stable in the presence of 1 mM Ca²⁺, stimulated by 1 mM Mn²⁺ and Zn²⁺, and 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20; and - 112 - inhibited by 1% (v/v) of 2-mercaptolethanol, EDTA and SDS. Thus the enzyme could be considered Ca²⁺-independent, which demonstrated characteristic unlike other reported maltogenic amylases, and offered good characteristics for industrial applications.

11 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

013695   Sobia K;Javaid M A;Ahmad M S;Rehmatullah Q; Hina G;Iram B;Pervaiz A;Farhana B;Nyla J;Gulfraz M (Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture, University Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Email: gulfrazsatti@uaar.edu.pk) : Assessments of phtochemicals and hypoglycemic activity of leaves extracts of Carica papaya in diabetic mice. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(9), 3658-65.

Very little knowledge about use of papaya leaves is available in the literature, the leaves of papaya are bitter to taste which explains its therapeutic benefits. The present study was undertaken to assess anti diabetic effects of leaves extracts of Carica Papaya and Glucophage on streptozotocin -induced diabetic mice. Results indicates that hyperglycemic level in diabetic mice was normalized after administration of various doses (50, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw) of ethanolic leaves extracts to diabetic mice. Similarly leaves extracts of C. Papaya have also shown pronounced effects on plasma insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. The levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), bilirubin and blood cells (Red cells, white cells and platelets) were improved on dose depended manner. Analysis of various leaves extracts for phytochemicals revealed presence of significant amount of alkaloids, steroid, tannins, total phenols and flavonoids. It is assumed that biologically active components of papaya leaf extracts are helpful in decreasing secondary complications of diabetes and improved insulin sensitivity to uptake glucose by cells. Which also indicates that these extracts might be good source of pharmaceutical materials need for preparation of various drugs required for human health

26 ref

013694   Singhal P;Singhal R V;Jyoti V K;Kaushi R D; Verma A (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, (FAMS), Gurukul Kangri Univ, Haridwar, Email: peeushpharma@gmail.com) : Gastro retentive film of famotidine using bio-material extracted from Sapindus mukrossi fruit pulp. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(1-2), 173-82.

The present work was based on the development and characterization of gastro retentive dosage form appropriate for controlled release of Famotidine, a drug with narrow therapeutic window. The drug loaded polymer film of biological macromolecules (Sapindus mukrossi) was folded into hard gelatin capsules. The polymeric film revealed a fast release during the first hour followed by a more gradual drug release during a 12-h period following a non-Fickian diffusion process. Tensile strength of polymeric film was optimized using different amount (0.2-0.7 ml) of polyethylene glycol - 111 - (PEG 400). Various physical parameters were studied for evaluating their performance as a gastroretentive dosage form. Drug and polymers were found to be compatible as revealed by interaction study and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed uniform dispersion of Famotidine in polymeric matrices. The results indicate that gastro retentive film drug delivery system holds lots of potential for drug having stability problems in alkaline pH or are which mainly absorbed in acidic pH.

2 illus, 7 tables, 27 ref

013693   Singh S;Vishnoi N;Dwivedi D;Khare M;Singh V (Microbiology Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026, Email: vsingh3@rediffmail.com) : Modified TSBB culture media enhance faster growth of Streptococci mutans as compared to existing culture media. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(9), 3689-94.

There are various studies on growth of Streptococcus mutans which was done by different scientists on different media but it has been found that there is still some deficiency in existing medium. In our study we have tried to prepare a modified, less laborious and more selective medium for Streptococcus mutans which is specific for their growth. We studied 10 plaque samples from caries active school children and 2 reference strains of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (serotype c) and OMZ 61 (serotype a) to evaluate the selectivity and sensitivity of our modified medium i.e TSBB (Thioglycolate Sucrose Blood Bacitracin) agar. To check efficiency of our modified TSBB medium, both reference strains and plaque samples were plated on TSBB and other four old existing media i.e TYCSB, TSY20B, MM10, and GSTB for their comparison and evaluation. In our study it was found that highest recovery of Streptococcus mutans was observed on TSBB medium followed by TYCSB medium. TSBB medium inhibits the all Streptococcus species other than Streptococcus mutans present in the oral cavity. Another advantage of TSBB medium is that it does not require anaerobic conditions for isolation of Streptococcus mutans as thioglycolate medium itself is an anaerobic medium. By this we can conclude that this modified TSBB media is more efficient, selective and sensitive for isolating Streptococcus mutans in comparison to other four existing media.

21 ref

013692   Singh S;Agarwal G P;Semwal B C (NO, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA Univ, Mthura-281 406) : Aloe vera A magical remedies of nature. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2016, 5(3), 153-64.

Aloe vera is the oldest medicinal plant ever known and the mostly applied medicinal plant in the world. Aloe vera belongs to the family Liliaceae, commonly known as Ghrit Kumari, from ancient time by totemic people it is used as food and therapeutic agent for treatment of various disorders. The whole plant contains large number of chemical constituents like minerals, enzymes, sugars, vitamins, saponins, sterols, lignin, amino acids and salicylic acids. Aloe vera gel has potent antioxidant activity due to its anti-aging property now a day it is widely used as a cosmaceuticals agent by man and woman for protection of skin from UV rays of sun light.

2 illus, 1 table, 53 ref

013691   Singh O;Panesar P S;Chopra H K (Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Food Engineering and Technology De, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148 106, Email: pspanesarr@yahoo.com) : Isolation and characterization of cellulosa producing bacterial isolate from rotten grapes. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 373-80.

In this present investigation, eleven bacterial cellulose producing isolates were selected out of 34 isolates from different sources. Among the eleven isolates the C18 isolate has been identified as a potential bacterial cellulose producer. Physiological and biochemical tests were carried out to identify the bacteria. The molecular characterization of C18 strain was done by 16 S rDNA analysis and identified as Gluconacetobacter xylinus due to 94% sequence similarity. The maximum bacterial cellulose production (3.96g/L) was obtained after incubation time of 168 h with Hestrin and Hchramm (HS) media in static culture. Structural elucidation of bacterial cellulose was achieved using analytical techniques like FTIR, SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis.

8 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

013690   Shijila Rani A S;Parthiban P;Mahesh V (Microbiology Dep, Marudupandiyar College, Vallam, Thanjavur, Email: jprpaul2010@gmail.com) : Difference between native and mutant rhizobium on growth of Vigna mungo L.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(9), 3848-51.

The study, carry out the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, were used to improve the yield in crop. The Rhizobium strains isolated from legumes plant Mimosa pudica L and this strain was mutated by using UV radiation. The plant growth hormones were detected by native as well as mutant Rhizobium strains by paper chromatography techniques. The same strains use in conducted to green house; the compared to two strains of Rhizobium, mutated strain are high growth and yield when compared to normal stain.

19 ref

013689   Shah P J;Williamson M T;Rathod S J (NO, K.C College, Churchgate, Mumbai) : Antibacterial effect of methanolic neem leaf extract on ESBL, AMPC and MBL producers from - 109 - skin and soft tissue infection. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2016, 5(3), 117-28.

The most common types of beta lactamases produced by Gram negative bacteria causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are ESBL, AmpC and MBL. Clinical management of severe skin infections caused by the beta lactamase producer has become very complicated due to the lack of effective antibiotics. Natural products, both as pure compounds or as standardized plant extracts, provide unmatched availability of chemical diversity and hence can serve as a potent antimicrobial agent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica methanolic leaf extract against ESBL, AmpC and MBL producers, isolated from SSTIs. The isolates were confirmed for ESBL, AmpC and MBL production by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test and E-test. All the selected 50 isolates were also found to be multi drug resistant. The screening for antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica methanolic leaf extract (NLM) was performed using disc diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NLM extract was determined using agar dilution technique and was estimated to be in the range of 0.5 - 8% (5 - 80 mg/ml) against the selected isolates. The NLM extract was found to be more effective against the AmpC producers.

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013688   Selvarajan E;Veena R (Genetic Engineering Dep, School of Bioengineering, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Email: selvarajan.e@ktr.sermuniv.ac.in) : Recent advances and future perspectives of thermostable xylanase. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 421-38.

The xylan degrading enzyme, xylanase can be used to develop ecofriendly technologies mainly in the paper and pulp industries. By using this enzyme, the lignocelluloses materials can be modified to produce high quality liquid fuel and other products. There is a wide range of applications for the xylanase as an enzyme and more with thermostable xylanase. The Fungal strains are considered most potent for xylanase production, while the yeast and bacteria produce it in low quantities. The production of these enzymes, at low quantity, can be further enhanced by the Genetic engineering techniques like mutation, cloning and expression in various organisms. The genomic studies have helped to come across the basic barriers like low production, enzyme stability etc. The xylanase producing gene is isolated in microorganisms, made modifications and is cloned into a heterologous or a homologous host for the enhanced production, to meet the industrial demand. Thus this review concentrates about the production parameters, immobilization techniques and the applications briefly.

2 illus, 1 table, 93 ref