022556   Kikzad S;Golparvar A R;Gheisari M M;Hadipanah A (Plant Breeding Dep, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, Email: dragolparvar@gmail.com) : Headspacing GC-MS analysis of the components of Achillea (Achillea millefolium L.) under Isfahan condition. Crop Res 2017, 52(1-3), 106-7.

Achillea is a common name (Achillea millefolium L.) which belongs to Asteracea family. Use of the essential oils of Achillea genus in medical, culinary, food and cosmopolitic products and their biological activities depends on the chemical constitutes. The aerial parts of plant were analyzed by using GC/MS. The 31 compounds were identified in dried aerial parts. The major components were : Comphor (17.75%), Thujone (13.25%), α-pinene (6%), β-Thujone (5.85%) and α-Humulene (5.47%). In conclusion, breeding programmes could be achieved by using selection procedures that recognize the best genotypes among populations such as Isfahan province ecotype.

1 table, 8 ref

022555   Harchegani M B;Nazarian H;Otroshy M;Ebrahimi M A;Motamedi A (Agricultural Biotechnology Dep, Payame Noor Univ, Karaj, I. R. Iran, Email: alimotamedi1987@gmail.com) : In vitro regeneration of alstroemeria cv. 'balance' based on direct organogenesis. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 557-6.

The study aimed at improving the efficiency of the in vitro regeneration of Alstroemeria cv. 'Balance' protocol through direct organogenesis technique using three different origins of explants (nodal stem, rhizome apical bud, rhizome segments) as two separate factorial experiments with completely randomized design with six replications which were implemented in three stages. Firstly, Direct regeneration, including two factorial experiments to induce regeneration in organogenesis media by utilizing the four NAA concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l) combined with five BAP concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/l) in the first experiment, and TDZ concentrations (0, 0.5, 10 mg/l) in combination with three IBA concentrations (0, 1, 2 mg/l) in the second experiment. Secondly, shoot regeneration and elongation of stems in regenerated buds in the MS basal medium and finally, rooting of the regenerated shoots in the root induction mediums by NAA and IBA. Results of regeneration experiment revealed that, in the culture medium containing 10 mg/l TDZ in combination with 2 mg/l IBA and rhizome apical bud explants, the maximum rates of regeneration percentage, the highest number and length of the shoots were produced. Resulted shoots produced the greatest number of roots and rhizomes in the culture medium comprising 1 mg/l NAA in combination with 2 mg/l IBA as auxins. From the two tested explants, rhizome apical bud, was known as the best explants for shoot regeneration obtained plantlets successfully adapted to environmental conditions and were transferred to the greenhouse. Results of current study indicated that Alstroemeria can be produced through direct organogenesis.

2 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref

022554   Haque A S A;Ahmad W;Khan R M;Hasan A (NO, , Ilmul Qabalat Dep, wa Amraz-e-Niswan, Email: drwasim@gmail.com) : Ethno- pharmacology of Quercus infectoria olivier - galls. Hippocratic J Unani med 2016, 11(3), 105-18.

The galls of Quercus infectoria are globular in shape and from 10 to 25 mm in diameter. They have a short, basal stalk and numerous rounded projections on the surface. Hard and heavy, usually sinking in water, they are collected for medicinal use before the escape of the insect. The green galls are preferred to the white variety, in which the tannin is said to have been partly decomposed. White galls also differ from the other grades in having a circular tunnel through which the insect has emerged. They have a very astringent taste. Turkish galls are vegetable growths formed on the young twigs of the dyer's oak, Quercus infectoria, as a result of the deposition of the eggs of the gall-wasp Adleriagallae-tinctoriae. They are powerful astringent and styptic mainly because of the tannin content. Due to its astringent, tonic, antipyretic and styptic nature, it is useful in the infection of teeth and oral cavity, piles, acute diarrhea and dysentery and sprue, leucorrhoea and in colitis etc. The dry extract exhibits analgesic, hypoglycemic and sedative-hypnotic effect. The galls have been used in Unani Medicine (Tibb-e-Unani) and other Traditional Systems of Medicine from time immemorial. Keeping in view the medicinal importance of the drug, an attempt has been made in the present study to review the available literature on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Quercus infectoria Galls.

^iia36 ref

022553   Gochhayat A A;Beura S;Subudhi E (Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan Univ, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: sashikalabeura@gmail.com) : Effect of surface sterilization time and plant bioregulators for callus formation in hybrid lilium cv. tresor. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 709-13.

An efficient protocol was standardized for calli mass formation from bulb scale explant of hybrid Lilium Cv. Tresor under in vitro conditions at Biotechnology-cum-Tissue Culture Centre, OUAT, Bhubaneswar. The bulb scale explants were treated with 0.1 % HgCl2 (3 min, 4min, 5min, 6 min, 7min, 8min and 9 min) and control (without treatment) were cultured on MS media, among the treatments, 5 minutes timing resulted in minimum contamination [fungal % (6.67), bacterial % (6.67)] and maximum survival % (83.33%). The best surface sterilization time was further taken into consideration for treatment of explants, sterilization and cultured in the MS Basal media supplemented with BAP (0.5, 1.0 mg/l) in combination with 2,4-D (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0, and 2.5 mg/l) and 2,4-D (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0, and 2.5 mg/l) alone along with control. Basal media supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) and 2,4-D (1.50 mg/l) produced maximum callus % (90.00%) and spread, profuse green callus was also recorded in similar combination which opened prospects for developing an indirect means of in vitro regeneration of hybrid Lilium Cv. Tresor there by strengthening the way biotechnology which could be used for improvement and satiate the national and international demands of this cut flowers.

4 tables, 8 ref

022552   Gayen S;Ghosh U (Microbiology Dep, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, Kolkata-700 032, Email: saswatigayen@yahoo.com) : Immobilization of Penicillium notatum NCIM 923 tannase and properties of immobilized tannase compared with the free enzyme. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 323-31.

Tannase was effectively immobilized on alginate by the method of cross linking entrapment with a high activity recovery of 75.59%. The properties of immobilized tannase were investigated. Bead size of 0.70x32mm and 1% glutaraldehyde for cross linking were found to be optimum. Its optimum temperature was determined to be 45°C, increasing 5°C compared with that of free enzyme, whereas the optimum pH of 5.0 did not change.. The thermal and pH stabilities of immobilized tannase increased to some degree. Glutaraldehyde cross linked beads showed more operational as well as storage stability compared with non cross linked beads. The kinetic parameters, Km, for immobilized tannase was estimated to be 0.66x10-2M and Vmax was 16.9U/mg.

11 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

022551   Gadkhe S A;Naik A B (Chemical Technology Dep, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati Univ, Amravati-444 602) : Synthesis and characterization of new 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin incorporated flavanone and isoxazoline derivatives. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2017, 7(3), 274-8.

In the present study, new substituted isoxazolines (4a-c) have been synthesized via the simple and efficient reaction of flavanones (3a-c) with the hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in ethanol. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by elemental and spectral (IR, ¹HNMR, and MS) analysis. The reactions are easy to conduct, under mild conditions, and form coumarin substituted flavanones and isoxazolines in moderate to excellent yields.

23 ref

022550   Dudeja S;Dhanwal P;Abhishek Kumar;Hemlata; Chauhan R;Sweeta;Gaur Y;Anil Kumar;Chhokar V (Bio and Nano Technology Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: bhankhar@gmail.com) : Optimization of methyl parathion biodegradation through response surface methodology by fungi isolated from contaminated soil and water. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 139-43.

Continuous use of organophosphorus pesticides like methyl parathion (MP) may cause its accumulation in the ecosystem, which could be the reason for premature inactivation of pesticide, crop damage or formation of new complexes. The aim of the study was to isolate potent fungi as degraders of MP. The isolation was conducted from soil and water samples on potato dextrose agar media and Czapekdox agar media. A total of 20 isolates were recovered from the soil and water samples. Further, qualitative screening by plate assay provided six isolates which could withstand a concentration of 2500 mg/1 of the pesticide (commercial grade). Quantitative estimation was conducted in minimal salt media supplemented with the pesticide (analytical grade) of concentration 25 mg/1, and measuring absorbance at 275 nm, by using spectrophotometer. The absorbance revealed the two isolates M1 and O1 as best degraders of MP. M1 isolate was then further used in optimization for biodegradation of MP. Design Expert (State Ease) was used for the design of the RSM experiment. The process variables chosen for the optimization were pH (6-9), inoculum size (0.5-1.5 ml) and glucose concentration (0-5 mg/ml). The response R1 chosen was concentration of MP after biotreatment (mg/1). A total of 17 runs were carried out for the Ml isolate. Optimization was conducted using MSM broth supplemented with the pesticide (analytical grade). The absorbance of each run was measured on the fifth day at 275 nm using a UV spectrophotometer. Optimization results clearly stated that with increase in pH and inoculum size, the degradation of MP increased, while with the increase of glucose concentration, there was a decrease in the degradation of MP.

2 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

022549   Dhanwal P;Dudeja S;Abhishek Kumar;Hemlata; Chauhan R;Sweeta;Singh M;Anil Kumar;Chhokar V (Bio & Nano Technology Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: bhankhar@gmail.com) : Isolation and screening of endophytic bacteria isolated from various fruits for plant growth factors. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 144-9.

Endophytic microorganisms play an important role in promoting plant growth through various mechanisms, produce plant growth hormones and antimicrobial compounds, as well as enriching the soil with essential nutrients containing inorganic phosphate. The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic bacteria from various fruits such as mango, guava, plum, phalsa and peach, and characterizing them morphologically and biochemically for various plant growth promoting factors and enzymes. A total of 18 endophytic bacteria were isolated and their colony morphology was studied using gram stain. Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria were present in the samples with shapes of rod, cocci, quadrad and chain structure. Almost all the bacterial isolates were found to produce ammonia, while only three were able to produce HCN. Seven isolates produced considerable amount of IAA and S 5 was found to produce the maximum amount of IAA (82.57), while S 15 produced the least (36.49 μg/ml). The endophytes were screened for the production of lipase, protease and catalase and they were found to produce all the three enzymes (lipase: 11; protease: 14; catalase: 13). The results of the study are in accordance with other studies which indicate the importance of endophytes in promoting the growth of host plants and can be further studied for industrial exploitation.

9 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

022548   Deepika R C (Biotechnology Dep, SAACE, Mamandur-603 111) : Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum wight II: Extraction technology and anticancer activity assessment. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2017, 7(3), 279-84.

Marine seaweed that is washed up on the coastline is a nuisance as its degradation produces a foul a smell and generates waste problems. Exploitation of coastline polluting seaweeds such as Sargassum sp., Ulva sp., and other beach cast seaweed species for various commercial applications will generate new valuable products that may help lessen coastal pollution by seaweeds and create new seaweed based resources. Thus, utilization of these natural resources is of great importance. The objectives of this study were to develop a technology to extract bioactive compounds from brown seaweeds, and investigate their bioactivity. The extraction of fucose containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) and/or crude fucoidan from Sargassum wightii was performed, and the bioactivity of the isolated FCSPs was investigated. Fucoidan is a term used to describe a class of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweed, which contains substantial amounts of fucose; varying amounts of galactose, xylose, and glucuronic acid; and differing glycosidic linkages, and are variously substituted with sulfate and acetyl groups and side branches containing fucose or other glycosyl units. Thus, seaweed can be a potential source of biomass and bioactive compound notably FCSPs. This study proved the hypotheses that different extraction conditions have crucial influenced to the chemical nature of FCSPs. The study also demonstrated that unfractionated FCSPs are able to exert bioactive actions such as anticancer and immune modulating properties in invitro studies performed using HCT 116 (Human Colon Tumor cell line).

5 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

022547   Deepika R C (Biotechnology Dep, SAACE, Mamandur-603 111) : Phytochemical characterization of Sargassum wightii, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria corticata after phycocolloid extraction. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2017, 7(3), 230-9.

Seaweeds are a fascinating and diverse group of organisms categorized under macro algae living in the earth's oceans. Seaweeds are classified into three major groups; - 112 - the green algae (Chlorophyta), the brown algae (Phaeophyta) and the red algae (Rhodophyta). Seaweeds are placed into one of these groups based on their pigments and coloration. Among a huge array of seaweeds, the three selected seaweeds are Sargassum wightii, Gracilaria corticata and Kappaphycus alvarezii found in the coastal areas of Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu on the basis of their valuable commercial products alginate, agar and carrageenan respectively. The samples were investigated for the presence of phytochemicals like tannins and polyphenols using fodder collected after extraction of respective valuable products by employing different extraction methods. Retention of several phytochemicals to a greater extent gives a hope of using the waste from seaweed industry for obtaining value added compounds from seaweeds. The results of different tests in this study showed that these extracts and their bioactive components can be used as strong modulators on oxidative stress hence can be used for drug preparations while their phycocolloids for drug formulations. The selected biomass could be recommended for use in dietaries to combat protein energy for malnutrition or micronutrient deficiencies due to proven nutritional elements and enlight upon intergrated aquaculture to emphasize on seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture.

13 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

022546   Christian O;Majumder S;Taneja P (Biotechnology Dep, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda Univ, Greater, Noida, Email: pankajtnj@yahoo.com) : Growth characteristics of Indian and nigerian Chlorella pyrenoidosa used as food supplement. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 835-41.

Chlorella pyrenoidosa from National Collection of Industrial Microorganism (NCIM) Pune, India and that from Department of Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) were cultivated using Fog's media. The two samples in Erlenmeyer conical flasks were incubated at temperature of 28°C at 12hrs. Photo and 12hrs dark periods at 2500 Lux using light from fluorescent tubes. The cultivation was carried out for the period of 30 days. The growth rates were assessed using spectrophotometer at wave length of 660nm at 7days interval. The result of the assessment showed that Chlorella pyrenoidosa from NCIM Pune, India had initial optical density (O.D.) of 0.1024 while that from UNN Nigeria was 0.0956, while the final India sample was 1.0462 and that from Nigeria was 0.788 respectively. The result of cell count using Neubauer hemocytometer showed that Cfu for C. pyrenoidosa from India was 1.8 x 106 while that from Nigeria was 1.0 x 106 per ml respectively. Total Chlorophyll was equally determined using 80% acetone as solvent that from Pune, India had a mean of total Chlorophyll of 12.42 μg/ml while that from Nigeria 12.22 μg/ml respectively. All the result obtained were subjected statistical using t-test and they showed significant different between India specie and Nigeria, since t cal <60> t tab at (P <60> 0.05). The growth rate measured with spectrophotometer showed that the Indian sample had higher O.D. than Nigerian which may be due to Temporal, environmental genetic acclimatization changes and local geological condition can also be the reason for variations between the same species from different region Temperate India and Tropical Nigeria.

4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

022545   Bhuyan A P;Yadav R N S;Samanta R (Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh Univ, Dibrugarh-786 004) : Isolation and characterization of antibiotic producing bacteria from soil samples of Dibrugarh district, Assam. Int J pharm chem biol Sci 2017, 7(3), 193-201.

Antibiotics are the important secondary metabolites of almost all types of microbes. Soil microbes also produce antibiotics. The process of antibiotic production by microbes is known as antibiosis where the metabolic products of one organism directly inhibit or kill other pathogenic organisms. Northeastern region of India is well known for its biodiversity hotspot with so many unexplored economically important microorganisms. The aim of the current study - 111 - is to detect the antimicrobial activity of soil isolates from Dibrugarh District, Assam, India. A total of 50 soil samples were collected from the selected areas of Dibrugarh district. 115 bacterial isolates showed potential antimicrobial activities, out of which 64 showed good antimicrobial activity, 31 showed low antibacterial activity and 21 showed antifungal activities against B. subtilis (MTCC 121), Pseudomonas arginosa (MTCC 4673), S. cerevisiae (MTCC 3090) and Candida albicans (MTCC 227), E.Coli (MTCC 40), Clostridium acetobutylicum (MTCC 11274), Enterococcus mutans (MTCC 3031), Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497). The most potent bacterial isolates with antimicrobial effects against the above mentioned standard strains were identified as Klebsiella pneumonia sp on the basis of biochemical tests as prescribed by Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. These results indicate that the areas of Dibrugarh District soil microorganisms could be an interesting source of antibacterial and antifungal bioactive substances.

6 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

022544   Avadhesh Kumar;Srivastava M;Srivastava M (Community Medicine Dep, IMS, BHU, Varanasi-221 005, Email: avadhbhu@gmail.com) : Situational analysis of tendency of deliberate self harm among students. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2017, 48(1-2), 90-7.

Deliberate Self Harm (DSH) is a globally serious mental health problem among young people and is associated with multiple maladaptive psychological and social outcomes. The current study is motivated by the relative lack of research on self-harm among adolescents. Therefore this cross sectional study is planned to find the prevalence of tendency of Deliberate Self Harm (DSH) and associated psycho-social and demographic factors among university students. In the study 340 students were participated. The semi-structured interview schedule was used to assess the psycho social-demographic factors in the adolescents who had a tendency of deliberately self harm. The tendency of DSH was significantly (P =0.003) high among students of more than 24 years age group (30.3%) as compared to age group of below 20 years (14.9%) and 20-24 years age group (18.1%). Age, history of substance abuse and physical abuse, poor relationship with family member and with friends, negative optimism, anger, impulsivity and history of psychiatric illness showed significant relationship with tendency of DSH. Gender, course, family type, socio-economic status and history of physical illness were not associated with tendency of DSH in students.

4 tables, 28 ref

022543   Aslani S;Garoosi G;Jafary H (Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Biotechnology Dep, Imam Khomeini International Univ, Qazvin, Iran) : Using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and direct DNA extracton method from wood for rapid detection of Verticillium dahliae in olive trees. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 727-34.

Verticillium wilt, which is caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most important olive diseases worldwide. There are many ways to extract DNA from plant pathogenic fungi and from plant tissues for molecular-based diagnostic assays. LAMP is a new and sensitive molecular-based technique used for detection of plant pathogenic agents with minimum requirements needed. In this study, we tried to achieve a simple, cost effective - 110 - and efficient method of DNA extraction from both Verticillium dahliae fungus and from infected wood samples in order to run a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Efficiency of three DNA isolation methods from both mycelia and infected wood samples was evaluated. For this purpose, wood samples from infected olive trees were collected from Tarom region in Zanjan province and the samples were cultured on the media. The fungus was isolated and identified as V. dahliae based on morphological features. Then the genomic DNA was extracted using traditional CTAB method, fast NaOH method and direct isolation method from infected wood samples. After assessment of the quality and the quantity of the extracted DNA samples, a LAMP assay was ran using specific primer pairs and the DNA templates extracted using three different methods. In spite of the significant differences in the quantity of DNA samples, LAMP assay could successfully detect the fungus in all samples. The improved direct isolation of the DNA of V. dahlia from infected wood, followed by a LAMP assay could considerably shortened the detection process of the fungus and hence is a suitable method for screening of olive trees and saplings against Verticillium wilt disease.

1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

022542   Alsbou M;Batarseh A;Bawaresh N;Jaber J; Qawasmi G;Banat H (Pharmacology Dep, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah Univ, Joradan, Email: mohsb74@yahoo.com) : Analysis of antineoplastics, immunomodulators, antibiotics and analgesics adverse drug reactions report submitted to the pharmacovigilance databases in Jordan. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 541-6.

A national pharmacovigilance database was created recently at the Rational Drug Use and Pharmacovigilance Department at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA). This study was based on the analysis of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reports submitted to the national pharmacovigilance (PV) database in Jordan from 2010 to 2014.The aims of this study were to identify the most frequently body system classes and the most common ADRs for the four major classes of dugs implicated in the PV database and include: antineoplastics, immunomodulators, antibiotics and analgesics. The most affected systems by ADRs in our study were the skin and the gastrointestinal (GI) systems. The skin ADRs associated with the use of antineoplastics were skin rash, hand and foot syndrome and acral erythema, and the most frequent GI ADRs were vomiting and diarrhea. The most affected system by the use of the immunomodulators was the blood system and the most common ADRs were anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. The most commonly ADRs following analgesics use were GI bleeding and duodenal ulcer and the skin reactions were rash, itching and flushing. Analysis of the national PV database provides close monitoring and more information about the safety of medicine in Jordan. All Health care provider should be aware of the importance of reporting of adverse reactions and should be encouraged to report suspected ADRs and be trained in detecting, diagnosing and treating patients with adverse effects of drugs.

4 tables, 25 ref

022541   Al-Naqeb G (Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sana'a, Yamen) : Acute toxicity and anti-ulcerative potential of caralluma flava E.E.Br methanolic extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(6), 21-5.

The study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer activity of Caralluma flava methanolic extract against ethanol induced gastric - 109 - ulcer in rats model. A acute toxicity and antioxidant activities of Caralluma flava extract was evaluated. Acute toxicity of the Caralluma flava extract was evaluated with a single dose administered orally to rats in dosage of 3g/kg for 2 weeks. Result showed that the extract was effective antioxidant towards DPPH radical and the scavenging activity was approximately nearly from the ascorbic acid. Acute toxicity test up to 3 g/kg of this extract did not display any toxicological effect. The treated rats with Caralluma flava at 500 mg/kg, produced antiulcer effect in rats with a preventive index of 68.37%. In conclusion, this study shows that of Caralluma flava extract was nontoxic up to 3 g/kg and showed antiulcer properties. The antiulcer activity is exerted, possibly, via its high antioxidant activity.

1 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref

022540   Ahmed H A (Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine Dep, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Usmanu Danfodiya University, Sokoto-Nigeria) : Phyto pharmacological review on a medicinal plant: Holarrhena floribunda. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(6), 26-9.

Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) T. Durand and Schinz (Apocynaceae), commonly called false rubber tree, is a tree that grown up to 17 meters high. The plant is widely distributed in West Africa, where several parts of the plant are used for medicinal purpose. The stem-bark and leaves are used to treat various ailments such as malaria, fever, dysentery, amoebic diseases, diarrhea, infertility, amenorrhea and diabetes. The review of literature revealed the presence of many active phytochemical constituents which may be responsible for the various medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Holarrhena floribunda. According to this review Holarrhena floribunda has analgesic, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anticancer, antimalarial and Trypanocidal activivies.

22 ref

021455   Vaishali J S;Piyush M P (NO, B. Pharmacy College, Rampura Kakanpur, Godhra, Panchmahal-389 713, Email: vaishalisharma84@gmail.com) : Bergenin - an active constituent of Rivea ornata Roxb. and its antioxidant property. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(9), 309-19.

A simple TLC method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of bergenin using HPTLC plate precoated with silica gel 60 F254. The method was developed in toluene: ethyl acetate: acetone (2:4:4 v/v) toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4:6:1, v/v) and validated in terms of precision, repeatability, and accuracy. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroanalytical techniques and found to be bergenin. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the isolated compound was determined. For the antioxidant - 70 - potential, two standard analytical protocols, namely, DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power were adopted. The results showed that compound was found to be more potent antioxidant.

12 illus, 8 tables, 23 ref

021454   Tiwari A;Kudesia R (Biotechnology Dep, Dr. M.P.S Group of Institutions, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra (U.P.), Email: kudesiard@rediffmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal study of some naturalized herbs and shrubs growing in Agra district of India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 163-7.

An ethnomedicinal survey was conducted at some sites of Agra district of Uttar Pradesh, The studies revealed information about 23 plants used in the treatment of various ailments by the local people. These folk claims are reported by botanical and local names of plants together with their respective families, habits, habitats, description and their medicinal uses.

11 ref

021453   Tiwari A (Biotechnology Dep, Dr. M.P.S. Group of Institutions, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra) : Bio-fertilizer formation through a weed (water hyacinth) using vermitechnology at keetham lake, Agra, (U.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 168-70.

Water hydrinth weed is used to solve the problem of Keetham Lake, Vermicom post is used as biofertilizer.

3 tables, 3 ref

021452   Thorat V (Government College pharmacy, SGB Univ, Amravati-444 604, Email: vishalthorat15@gmail.com) : Syzygium cumini. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(10), 320-31.

Eugenia jambolana Lam., commonly known as black plum or "jamun" is an important medicinal plant in various traditional systems of medicine. It is effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea and preclinical studies have also shown it to possess chemopreventive, radioprotective and antineoplastic properties. The plant is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin. The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin, which halts the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar. The present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on traditional and medicinal use.

^iia8 illus, 12 ref

021451   Teyeb H;Douki W;Padron J M (Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Univ Hospital of Monastir, Av. Juin 02, Monastir 5000, Tunisia, Email: hassen.teyeb@gmail.com) : Antiproliferative activity of three wild growing species in Tunisia: Nicotiana glauca, Artemisia campestris and Astragalus gombo. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(9), 294-8.

Tunisian flora contains a number of wild plants with diverse therapeutic uses. As a contribution to the efforts to select natural sources of antitumor compounds, we investigated in this study the Antiproliferative activity of several extracts of the Tunisian species: Astragalus gombo, Nicotiana glauca and Artemisia campestris. Dried aerial part (A. gombo and A. campestris) and leaves (N. glauca) were extracted with ethyle acetate, dichloromethane, and methanol. In vitro antiproliferative activity of the extracts was tested against the human solid tumor cell lines: HBL-100, T-47D, and WiDr. Tests were performed using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. All extracts of A. - 69 - campestris and A. gombo were active against all tested cell lines, with GI₅₀ values between 12 and 93 μg/ml. Dichloromethane extract of A. campestris was the most active extract with GI₅₀ of 12 μg/ml against HBL-100 cell line. This kind of cell seems to be the most sensitive regarding all tested extracts. Our results showed that A. gombo, A. campestris and N. glauca are a promising source of antitumor natural compounds. More detailed studies should be conducted especially for most active extracts.

2 tables, 27 ref

021450   Sivasakthi P;Kadalmani B (Animal Science Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024) : Protective effect of Tamarind seed coat, Sida acuta root and Tridax prohumbans on fluoride toxcity causes ros mediated oxidative stress alters estrus cyclicity in mice. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(6), 1-15.

Fluoride is a toxic compound found in ground water has affected many countries of the world. It has been established that about 45% of drinking water in India are contaminated by fluoride. This toxic effect increases in every year by environmental hazarders. The adverse effect of fluoride at levels used for water fluoridation is dental fluorosis, skeletal and soft tissues. In the present study normal cyclic female mice weighing between 30-40g, were kept on fluoridated water 50, 100, 200 ppm for 30 days, conducted to find out the toxicity of fluoride in three month old female albino mice after ip of doses fluoride, and treated with three medicinal plant ethanol extract of Tamarind seed coat, Sida acuta root and Tridax prohumbans root daily dose of 15 days, in their distilled water per months and to reflect its impact on antioxidant status (from ovary and liver) and on female fertility is normal. The result revealed that the fluoride water exposure to female mice caused irregular estrus cycle, reduced fertility rate, and concentration of protein and enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, GPX, GSH, LPO, ALP, AST, and ALT, content of ovary and uterus and also liver, kidney decreased significantly as compare to control value. In this study chosen on fluoride induced reproductive toxicity with the ovarian dysfunction with the enzyme of antioxidants, after medicinal plants treatment (Tamarind seed coat, Sida acuta root and Tridax prohumbans root) to find out the fluoride decreased level of antioxidant level in reproductive organ, this is responsible for reproductive abnormalities.

9 illus, 24 ref

021449   Satuluri V;Suryadevara V;Pendyala V; Narasimhareddy M (NO, Chebrolu Hanumaiah Instititute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chowdavaram, Guntur-522 019, Email: vineela.cology@gmail.com) : Evaluation of ex vivo thrombolytic activity and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Thespesia populnea leaf extract. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(5), 263-7.

Thrombotic disorders like myocardial and cerebral infarction are fatal blood clotting related diseases. Synthetic therapeutics used in such disorders has serious adverse effects, so there is a need to investigate some more safe natural thrombolytic agents. Present study is a preliminary work towards such endeavors. During this study analysis of thrombolytic activity and anti-inflammatory activity of Thespesia populnea leaf extract using a simple and quick in vitro clot lysis assay was performed. Various concentrations of leaf extract i.e. 200 μg/ml; 400 μg/ml and 600 μg/ml were tested at various time intervals including; 24, 48 and 72 hours duration of incubation at 37°C for observing maximum clot lysis. The result findings indicated that concentrations of leaf extract enhanced the percentage of clot lysis in dose dependent manner along with the incubation time factor. However; streptokinase SK a reference standard and water were used as a positive and negative - 68 - control showed clot lysis maximum 96.35% and 35.22% in 72 hours of incubation respectively. Alcohol extract of whole plant of Thespesia populnea (Family: Malvaceae) was assessed for its anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro methods. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay at different concentrations. Diclofenac sodium was used as standard drug. The results showed that Thespesia populnea alcohol extract at a concentration range of 400-1600μl significantly protects from protein denaturation.

1 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

021448   Sadaka M W M (Pharmacognosy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalmoon Univ, Deir Atteia, Syria, Email: waleed.sadaka@gmail.com ) : A new neo-clerodane diterpenoid from Teucrium polium Linn.. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(9), 287-93.

Teucrium polium L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is represented in the Flora of Syria by two variety: Teucrium polium var. angustifolium and Teucrium polium var. mollissimum. Teucrium polium is a wild-growing flowering plant, found abundantly in Syria, and it is used traditional medicine for its diuretic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, tonic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anorexic, analgesic, antibacterial and antidiabetic effects. Several reports have demonstrated a wide range of beneficial biological and pharmacological activities of the phenylethanoid, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid components, while the furano neo-clerodane diterpenoids present in germander have been implicated in the in vivo hepatotoxicity of this botanical. Phytochemical studies of this plant have been carried out. Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with petroleum ether at room temperature, and then extract with methanol in Soxhlet, and finally extract with aqueous methanol at room temperature successively. Fractionation of the methanol extract by column chromatography and purification by crystallization yielded three known flvonoides Cirsimartin, Cirsiliol, and Apigenin. The aqueous methanolic extract yielded one new neo-clerodane type diterpenoid, Syrapolin I 1 (3, 12- diacetoxy - 4α, 18α; 15, 16- diepoxy - 6 - oxo - neo - cleroda - 13 (16), 14- diene -7α, 20β- dihydroxy-19- hemiacetal). The structures of compounds were proposed on the basis of spectroscopic methods IR, MS, and 1-D (¹H, ¹³C and DEPT) and 2-D (COSY, HETCOR, HMBC) NMR experiment, and comparison with closely related compounds.

1 table, 55 ref

021447   Raju N J;Patro L R (NO, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Narapally, Hyderabad-500 088, Email: raju8859@gmail.com) : Anthelmintic activity of black mangrove of Aegiceras conriculatum. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(9), 305-8.

This study evaluated the scientific basis for the traditional use of Aegiceras corniculatum (Myrsinaceae) stem extract as an anthelmintic agent. The study design were investigation of the traditional anthelmintic medicinal plant Aegiceras corniculatum using in vitro anthelmintic properties of four extracts of the plant were evaluated using earthworms. The earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) resembles both anatomically and physiologically to the intestinal roundworm parasites of human beings. The four crude stem extracts of Aegiceras corniculatum were Petroleum Ether extract (50 &100 mg/ml), Chloroform extract (50 &100 mg/ml), Methanol extract (50 &100 mg/ml) and Aqueous extract (50 &100 mg/ml). The paralysis time of Petroleum Ether extract (96 ± 6.33 &76 ± 2.31), Chloroform extract (116 ± 4.36 & 92 ± 7.50), Ethanol extract (62 ± 3.20 & 34 ± 3.52) and aqueous extract (200 ± 2.22 & 180 ± 3.19) were compared to the standard drug Albendazole suspension 100mg/5ml (5 ± 1.00). The results shown that the four extracts produced dose dependent and significant anthelmintic activities. From - 67 - these findings the four extracts of Aegiceras corniculatum are rich source of naturally occurring anthelmintic activity. Further work is recommended to evaluate the in vivo anthelmintic activity and toxicity of the extracts.

2 tables, 20 ref

021446   Rai S N;Zahra W;Birla H;Singh S S;Singh S P (Biochemistry Dep, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: ssingh35@bhu.ac.in) : Therapeutic benefits of ursolic acid in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and psychiatric diseases. J biol Engng Res Rev 2017, 4(2), 13-17.

Ursolic acid (UA) is present in many medicinal plant plants such as Mirabilis Jalapa, Mucuna pruriens and in many fruits like apple, blueberries consumed in daily life. UA present in large quantities in apple peels. Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by progressive degeneration of specific neurons in the central nervous system. In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine synthesis is impaired in the nigrostriatal region of basal ganglia, causing symptomatic movement abnormalities. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular milieus like β-amyloid fiber and intracellular milieu like tau protein accumulation in the specific area of the brain. Psychiatric disorder (SD) also called mental disorder or mental illness is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes the noteworthy destruction of individual functioning. Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the neurodegeneration of these disorders. Ursolic Acid (UA: 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid having both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity which is well-established in other diseases with a relatively fewer side effect. In this review article, we have summarized the potential role and pathway of UA in PD, AD, and SD.

1 illus, 30 ref

021445   Qusti S Y;Elsawi N;batati R S A;Shaker S A (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz Univ, Saudi, Arabia, Email: safaaqusti@yahoo.com) : A pioneer study on the anti-inflammatory activities of copper (I)-nicotinate complex against alzheimer disease.. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(3), 56-70.

To find out the effect of [Cu (I)-(nicotinic acid)2]1Cl- complex (Cu- N complex) on aluminum induced Alzheimer's disease in Wistarrats, memory impairment was induced by aluminum chloride, (10 mg/kg bwi.p.) for 30 d. To study the activity of (Cu- N complex) (400 μg/kg B.W.), Wistar rats were administered for 30 d along with aluminum chloride. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress were estimated in brain after the treatment. The major finding of this study is that aluminum enhanced oxidative stress. Cu- N complex showed a significant improvement in increasing of TAC and reduction of the oxidative - 66 - stress by reduction of MPO, AchE and NO, in the histopathological investigation, it restoreshipocummal neuron to normal status and there was a decreased in DNA damage in the treatment group. The present study clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of (Cu- N complex) that shows good antioxidant properties, and may act as a key to treat Alzheimer's disease.

3 illus, 3 tables, 82 ref

021444   Pillai P (NO, S.V.R.N.S.S College, Vazhoor, Kottayam, Kerala-686 505) : Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using epiphytes: Dendrobium aphyllum leaf extracts and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(3), 649-53.

Nanotechnology deals with the nanoparticles having a size of 1-100nm in one dimension used significantly concerning medical field, cosmetics, atomic physics and all other known fields. The silver nanoparticles have been prepared easily by different physical, chemical and biological approaches. The biological approach is most emerging because this method is easier than other methods, it is eco friendly, cost effective and less time consuming. The present work was aimed to the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from epiphytic plants Dendrobium aphyllum leaf extracts. A fixed amount of plant extract and metal ions are treated and the colour change was observed, which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM analysis. The rapid reduction of silver ions was monitored using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and showed the formation of silver nanoparticles. FTIR analysis confirmed that the bio reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles is due to the reduction by capping material of plant extracts. SEM provided further insight in to the morphology and size details of the silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles by plant is examined by well diffusion method.

6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

021443   Pillai P (NO, S.V.R.N.S.S College, Vazhoor, Kottayam, Kerala-686 505, Email: pillaiprita@yahoo.com) : Epiphytic fern Drymoglossum piloselloides a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using it's leaf extracts and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(3), 629-34.

Nanotechnology is currently one of the most active directions of research in modern material science by plants and different plant commodities are finding an authentic use in the synthesis of nanoparticles. In general, particularly with a size less than 100 nm are referred to as nanoparticles. Purely novel and advanced characteristics such as size, distribution and morphology have been revealed by these particles in compression to the larger particles of the mass material that they have been prepared. The silver nanoparticles have been prepared easily by different physical, chemical and biological approaches. The biological approach is most emerging because this method is easier than other methods, it is eco friendly, cost effective and less time - 65 - consuming. The present work was aimed to the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from epiphytic plant Drymoglossum piloselloides leaf extracts. A fixed amount of plant extract and metal ions are treated and the colour change was observed, which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM analysis. The rapid reduction of silver ions was monitored using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and showed the formation of silver nanoparticles. FTIR analysis confirmed that the bio reductions of silver ions to silver nanoparticles are due to the reduction by capping material of plant extracts. SEM provided further insight in to the morphology and size details of the silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles by plant is examined by well diffusion method.

6 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

021442   Ozgen I;Cerci B;Dioli P (Bioengineering Dep, Firat Univ, Engineering Faculty, Elazig, Turkey) : Some rare species of heteroptera (hemiptera) from Turkey. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2018, 5(1), 24-6.

In this paper, new records on some rare Heteroptera (Hemiptera) from East and South East Anatolian Region of Turkey are given.

5 illus, 16 ref

021441   Muzaffar-ur-Rehman M;Nagamallika G (Pharmaceutical Analysis Dep, St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, Secunderabad-500 025, Email: m.muzaffar687@gmail.com) : Validated RP-HPLC method for the determination of ivabradine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(5), 228-33.

A simple, rapid, precise, and accurate RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Ivabradine Hydrochloride an anti-anginal agent, both as a bulk drug and in pharmaceutical formulation was developed. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Thermosil C18 150 x 4.5 mm, 5μm column by using a mobile phase containing a mixture of methanol and phosphate buffer pH 6.5 in the ratio of 65:35% v/v at a flow rate of 1ml/min and at an ambient temperature. The detection was monitored at a wavelength of 265nm. A clear chromatographic peak was identified with the retention time of 4.36 min and tailing factor of 1.23. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The method shows a good linear relationship with correlation co-efficient of more than 0.992 in the concentration range of 30 μg-150 μg. The method showed mean % Recovery of 100.4% and %RSD for repeatability and intermediate precision was less than 2%. The proposed method can be used successfully for the quantitative determination of Ivabradine HCL in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

7 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

021440   Mishra S (Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: sudhabhu279@gmail.com) : Biochemical characterization of mycosporine-like amino acids from desiccation tolerant cyanobacteria Scytonema geitleri and Lyngbya arboricola. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(3), 725-32.

Scytonema geitleri and Lyngbya arboricola are desiccation tolerant cyanobacteria growing on the walls of building and bark of the trees respectively facing almost loss of water and heat during the summer season. Methanolic extract of dry mat of Scytonema geitleri in HPLC analysis revealed the presence of two MAAs i.e. Mycosporine-glycine (λ_max 310 nm) and astrina-330. Further precipitate obtained after ammonium sulphate fractinaiton of methanolic extracts when evoporated to drynes and disolved in 0.2% aqueous trifluoro-acetic acid and HPLC analysis using gradient of two solvents (mobile phase A and B) revealed that absorption maxima of first peak shift from 310 nm to 330 nm in addition to the astrina-330 (second peak) in the sample saturated by 0-20% ammonium sulphate. As the saturation increased from 20-40% to 40-60%, absorbance maxima of first peak (λ_max 330 nm) shifts to - 64 - 332 nm which is of Mycosporine-2-glycine (λ_max 332 nm). There was no such change in the second peak which is of the astrina-330. In Lyngbya arboricola, HPLC analysis showed the presence of only one MAAs i.e. Palythine (λ_max 320 nm) in all the samples, irrespective of the extraction procedure.

3 illus, 26 ref

021439   Mishra N;Sundari S K (Plant and Microbial Biotechnology Group, Biotechnology Dep, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida-201 307, Email: krishna.sundari@jiit.ac.in) : 'Six-step-strategy' to evaluate competence of plant growth promoting microbial consortia. Curr Sci 2017, 113(1), 63-70.

In this study a stepwise, statistically verifiable scientific protocol - 'six-step-strategy' - to develop a consortium is presented. Additionally, it introduces a novel in vivo plant bioassay - 'tube-in-tube' method - that gives faster (<60> three weeks) and reproducible results for selecting the most desirable consortia combinations. The study employs eight plant growth promoting microbes (PGPMs) with pre-established growth supporting abilities and no mutual antagonism. Following a two-factorial design, 15 consortia combinations (CCs) were developed from these PGPMs. Applying the principles of the 'six-step-strategy', combinations CC11, CC13 and CC4 showing significant increments (<62>100%) in root length and dry weight were recognized as the best performing consortia. The method thus shortlists the best and manageable number of consortia for further field trials.

5 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

021438   Mehta P;Sharma A;Kaushik R (Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: parulmehta87@gmail.com) : Transgenesis in farm animals. Agric Rev 2017, 38(2), 129-36.

For a number of decades, attempts have been made to successfully produce transgenic animals which have numerous applications in the biotechnology industry with the foremost emphasis on production of monoclonal antibodies and recombinant - 63 - proteins of human welfare. Different techniques are adopted in order to produce transgenic farm animals which could be further used as bioreactors. The most common traditional transgenesis technique employed is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) using genetically modified somatic cells or stem cells as nuclear donors. This review article summarizes the merits and demerits of the techniques currently used to produce transgenic livestock with major emphasis on somatic cell nuclear transfer. In the end, a brief discussion is done about the novel methods adopted to produce transgenic animals like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN), Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). It is expected that the new techniques developed would overcome the problems faced with existing traditional transgenesis methods.

^iia2 illus, 76 ref

021437   Malik A;Jain P;Sehrawat K D;Sehrawat A R (Botany Dep, Faculty of Life Science, M. D. Univ, Rohtak-124 001, Email: anitarsehrawatbotany@gmail.com) : Biosynthesis and structural characterization of silver and gold nanoparticles using aqueous stem extract of Alhagi maurorum. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(10), 332-7.

Green synthesis is a cheaper, clean, non toxic route for synthesis of large scale nanoparticles without the use of high energy, pressure, temperature and toxic chemicals. With the help of microbial enzyme and plant extract nanoparticles are easily synthesized by utilizing their antioxidant and reducing properties. In present study, biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by utilizing Alhagi maurorum stem aqueous extract reducing capabilities was successfully done. Nanoparticles synthesized were characterized with the help of UV - VIS spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). UV - VIS spectroscopic analysis showed absorption maxima at 450 nm and 540 nm for silver (AgNP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) respectively. TEM study revealed that the silver and gold nanoparticles synthesized were in the range of 26 - 40 nm and possesses a crystalline structure having nearly spherical shape. FTIR spectra of both AgNP and AuNP also confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles and involvement of various reducing agent of plant extract. No change in the intensity of the AgNP and AuNP has been noticed even after 120 days of storage at room temperature. Thus, synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles with the help of Alhagi maurorum stem aqueous extract reducing capabilities seems to be a promising approach for utilizing weed as a source for larger scale production of nanoparticles.

6 illus, 23 ref

021436   Mahabal N S;Kaliwal B B (Biotechnology and Microbiology Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: b_kaliwal@yahoo.com) : Invitro anti-inflammatory activity of extracellular L-asparaginase from soil rhizosphere fungus Aspergillus - 62 - tamarii. Int J Drug Dev Res 2017, 9(1), 35-8.

In recent years L-asparaginase has been gaining interest of researchers as it is a potential anti-tumor drug. It has also been reported that the enzyme also possesses anti-inflammatory property. That present investigation is an insight to the invitro anti-inflammatory property of L-asparaginase extracted from that fungus Aspergillus tamarii. The invitro assessment methods included albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity and membrane stabilization using Diclofenac sodium and Aspirin as standard drugs. In the present study, L-asparaginase (10 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml) was used as the test sample for anti-inflammatory tests. The results indicated that 50 μg/ml of l-asparaginase showed significant inhibition values. 52.38% of albumin denaturation, 46.87% of proteinase inhibition, 55.26% of haemolysis inhibition and 51.21% of inhibition of hypotonic induced haemolysis. The results indicate that that extracted L-asparaginase possesses anti-inflammatory property apart from being an anti-tumor drug.

4 tables, 31 ref

021435   Latt A Z;Win N N;Aye K T;Thu H M;Kyaw Y Y; Thant K Z (NO, , Quality Control Div, Medical Research Dep, Yangon, Myanmar, Email: dr.aungzawlatt@gmail.com) : Whole genome sequencing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains from Myanmar. J biol Engng Res Rev 2017, 4(2), 1-6.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important etiological agent of acute or chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that there are currently more than 350 million chronically infected people worldwide and this poses major health problems worldwide, especially in Asian Pacific countries. To date, 10 HBV genotypes, scattered across different geographical regions, have been identified. Complete genome sequences are more reliable for the analysis of genotype and sub-genotyping. In addition to this, certain mutations which may affect the diagnostic detection, drug resistance, disease progression and effective vaccination of HBV can also be detected. In this study we successfully sequenced the 15 fulllength genetic sequences (3.2kbp) of HBV isolates from HBV infected Myanmar peoples. Genotyping was done by using HepSEQ web based program, and drug resistant mutations were detected by geno2pheno web based analytical tools. All 15 sequences revealed genotype C and no drug resistant mutations were seen among these isolates. There was also no known vaccine escape mutation among these isolates. This is the first time to sequence the whole genome of Myanmar HBV isolates by Department of Medical Research, and these whole genome sequences will act as baseline data for further genetic studies regarding HBV.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

021434   Kalva S;Ragunandan N (Pharmacology Dep, Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Madhapur, Hyderabad-500 081, Email: sireesha.kalva@gamil.com) : Protective profile of Citrullus colocynthis root extracts on lipid profile status in STZ challenged rats. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(10), 338-44.

The present study was designed to evaluate the potential anti hyperlipidemic efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis roots in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by giving streptozotocin (35-50mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The aqueous and ethanolic root extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (AECC and EECC) were administered at a dose of 100, 200, 300mg/kg orally. Metformin was given as a standard drug at a dose of 50mg/kg orally. The fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels were estimated by glucose oxidase method. Serum insulin levels were measured and found a distinguish raise in the insulin levels in extract treated groups. The plasma levels of cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotiens (LDL) and very low density lipoprotiens (VLDL) were estimated and found to be significantly (p <60> 0.0001) lowered in extract treated diabetic rats. The results showed that the present study provided a rationale for the use of Citrullus colocynthis root extracts as anti diabetic and antihyperlipidemic agent.

4 tables, 17 ref

021433   Godebo A;Makonnen E;Mekonnen N (Pharmacy Dep, Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Email: amanuelgodebo@gmail.com) : Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of leaves extracts of Psidium guajava in normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(8), 250-6.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. As morbidity and mortality rate from diabetes is increasing on one hand and the cost of modern medicine is getting higher on the other in low - and middle - income countries, it is necessary to evaluate medicinal plants for their potential therapeutic effects against diabetes. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activity of the leaf extracts of Psidium guajava in normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, respectively. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Psidium guajava leaves were prepared following standard procedures. Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 20-30 grams were used for the experiments. Normal mice were grouped into eight groups to carry out hypoglycemic effect of the extracts, whereas mice that were made diabetic were grouped into nine groups to study the antihyperglycemic effect of the extracts. Diabetes was induced by Streprozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose levels were measured using glucose oxidase method. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels (P <60> 0.05) was observed after administering for 21 days treatment of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Psidium guajava leaf to Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Psidium guajava leaves, however, did not show hypoglycemic effect on normoglycemic mice. Guava leaf extracts was found to contain alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins which might be responsible for the observed antihyperglycemic effect. It was also observed that the extracts have shown no acute toxicity. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Psidium guajava leaves are effective in lowering blood - 61 - glucose level in diabetic mice without causing hypoglycemia. Further studies are warranted to elucidate possible mechanism(s) of action of the plant material.

^iia3 tables, 21 ref

021432   Ertokus G P;Catalyurek K N (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science & Art, Suleyman Demirel Univ, Isparta, 32000, Turkey) : Spectrophotometric and chemometric methods for simultaneous determination of alzheimer's drugs in pharmaceutical tablets. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(4), 73-9.

In this study, precise, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric-chemometric methods were developed for the Alzheimer's drugs in pharmaceutical tablets. The examined Alzheimer's drugs are donepezil and rivastigmine. The used chemometric methods are partial least squares regression (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR). PLS and PCR were successfully applied for chemometric analysis of donepezil and rivastigmine in synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical tablets. A concentration set including binary mixtures of donepezil and rivastigmine formed to 10 different combinations were randomly prepared in 0.1 M HCl. The accuracy and precision of the developed method were validated by analyzing synthetic mixtures containing the examined drugs. As a result of the determination, high recoveries and low standard deviations were found. Absorbance and concentration values were used in Minitab and other chemometric programs to calculate estimated concentrations with PCR and PLS. The second step, in drug tablets (Exelon and Doenza), was calculated amounts for donepezil and rivastigmine.

1 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref

021431   Doval N;Saha R;Goyal A;Bhatia M S (Psychiatry Dep, UCMS & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi-110 095, Email: dr.saharashmita@gmail.com) : Pimavanserin. Delhi Psychiat J 2017, 20(2), 343-5.

^iia9 ref

021430   Cheng W;Li X;Zhang C;Chen W;Yuan H;Xu S (Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Univ of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230000, China, Email: cyzhang6@163.com) : Preparation and in vivo-in vitro evaluation of polydatin-phospholipid complex with improved dissolution and bioavailability. Int J Drug Dev Res 2017, 9(1), 39-43.

In spite of various biological activities. Polydatin showed severely limited use in the clinic applications because of its poor oral bioavailability. As a promising formulation approach, the development of polydatin phospholipid complex (PPC) was used to improve the solubility, and oral bioavailability. In this study, solvent evaporation method was employed to obtain the PPC. The formation mechanism of PPC was discussed based on the information from fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray power diffraction (XRD) tests. Besides, the in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of PPC were also studied. The water solubility of polydatin in the complex was increased compared with pure polydatin. FT-IR spectra indicated the existence of some molecular interaction between the phospholipid molecule and polydatin. DSC and XRD results showed that PPC obtained was in the form of amorphous structure. In vitro dissolution research showed that the cumulative dissolution of PPC was 80.36% after 8 h, which was improved as compared to 63.84% of polydatin during the same period. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the AUC_0-∞ of PPC and polydatin in rats were 748.2 and 340.6 μg.min/mL, which markedly indicated that phospholipid complex could contribute to a 2.2-fold increase in oral bioavailability of polydatin. In vivo-in vitro evaluation results showed that PPC was a promising approach to improve the water solubility and oral bioavailability of polydatin.

6 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

021429   Beeram E;Kedam T (Biochemistry Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Apoptosis of testis tissue by drug metosartan through activation of intrinsic pathway by the release of cyt C from mitochondria. Int J chem Stud 2018, 6(1), 614-17.

Drug metosartan the combination of both metoprolol and telmisartan has proved effective in the treatment of hypertension but the present study deals with the invivo effects of metosartan on testis tissue. It causes release of cytc from mitochondria in both fresh and treated invivo tissue but the marked effect was seen in invivo treated tissue and mitochondrial viability comparision in both drug treated and RNaseA+ drug treated tissue. DNA fragmentation in both RNaseA + drug treated tissue was markedly shown. The combined effects of drug and RNaseA has shown that the apoptosis occurs through extrinsic pathway in testis as DNA is fragmented which is the main cause of apoptosis.

4 illus, 15 ref

021428   Ashwini S;Varkey S P;Shantaram M (Studies in Biochemistry Dep, Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore Univ, Manglore, Karnataka, Email: manjula59@gmail.com) : In silico docking of polyphenolic compounds against caspase 3-hela cell line protein. Int J Drug Dev Res 2017, 9(3), 28-32.

The study was carried out using caspase 3, which is a human cervical cancer cell line protein. The current molecular docking shall stand useful for designing and development of future novel compound with higher inhibitory activity against caspase 3-HeLa protein. Further, these compounds can be validated further in wet lab to be nominated as potential drug candidates against HeLa proteins. The highest negative energy value obtained after docking among five compounds with caspase 3 was found to be coumarin (-378.3 KJ/mol), followed by - 59 - camptothecin, epigallocatechin and quercetin with docking scores -285.3, -258.2 and -236 KJ/mol respectively. The least docking score was in docking of gallic acid with caspase3 and the scoring was -181.3 using Hex 8.0.0 docking software.

11 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

021427   Al-Timmimi S;Ahmed S H (Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, Baghdad Univ, Iraq) : Effect of iron nanoparticle prepared from Punica granatum peel on microrganisms. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(3), 608-10.

In the study the Iron nanoparticles synthesizes rapidly by using the Punica granatum medicinal plants. The formation of iron nanoparticle was confirmed by observing the color changes from yellow to brown color and using spectrophotometer to detect the peak which observed in the UV- at 360 nm, Iron nanoparticle was characterized by FTIR analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles are evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against human bacterial pathogens as well as fungal phyto pathogens; the microbial property of iron nanoparticles was analyzed by measuring the inhibition zone. The SNPs synthesized toxic towards Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli and Candida species respectively, the results indicate that the iron nanoparticles may have a good activity against pathogenic microbes.

4 illus, 8 ref

021426   Al-Bishri W M;Hamza A H;Farran S K (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Al FaisaliahCampus, King Abdulaziz Univ, Saudi Arabia, Email: walbishry@kau.edu.sa) : Resveratrol treatment attenuates amyloid beta, tau protein of markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation in alzheimer's disease rat model. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(3), 71-8.

Extracellular Amyloid beta plaque formation and intracellular tau hyperphosphorylation in brain are hallmarks of AD pathology. Studies have indicated protective effects of resveratrol against AD. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we - 58 - examined the effect of resveratrol on amyloid beta (Aβ), tau protein, acetylcholine esterase (AchE), oxidative stress and inflammation to understand mechanisms in protective effects of resveratrol using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced AD inrat model. Sixty Rats were divided into six groups (ten rats each). Rats were treated orally with AlCl3to induced AD. Rats were treated before and after AlCl3 with resveratrol as protective and therapeutic effect. AlCl3 treatment significantly induced the pathological characteristics of AD in the rats as evident from the significantly increased serum Aβ, tau protein, AchE, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and MDA levels and significantly decreased catalase and SOD activities. Marked histological alterations were noticed in brain tissues of AD rats. Oral treatment with resveratrol for 45 days before or after induction of AD resulted in a significant reversal of studied parameters. Moreover, AD rats treated with pharmacological drug, ebixa had comparable effects to that of resveratrol. The underlying mechanism in the protective effects of resveratrol against AD appears to involve its modulatory effects on Aβ, tau, oxidative stress and inflammation. This is the first study to simultaneously measure the multiple pathological markers to confirm the therapeutic and preventive potential of resveratrol against AD. The finding shed the light on the promising therapeutic and protective effect of resveratrol in attenuation AD complications through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

1 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref

020712   Yadav V K;Yadav V K (NO, State Forensic Science Laboratory (SFSL), Ranchi-835 217, Email: yadav.vrijesh@gmail.com ) : Impact of different carbon supplement on extraction of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) followed by poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Nostoc muscorum. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(6), 2469-76.

The extraction of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Nostoc muscorum revealed that PHB yield after C-PC extraction was not found differ significantly as without C-PC extraction. Under photoautotrophic growth condition, the test cyanobacterium accumulates PHB and C-PC with a maximum yield of 40 and 57 mg l-1 respectively at the stationary phase, i.e. on day 21 of incubation. The most significant enhancement in C-PC yield up to 146 mg l-1 was recorded in 0.4% fructose supplementation. High C-PC and PHB yield was observed in 0.4% fructose supplementation - 166 - followed by 0.4% glucose supplementation. Here, in this study we show, that PHB yield after C-PC extraction was not affected significantly and C-PC yield was found enhanced under 0.4% carbon source (fructose and glucose) supplementation. Significant Biomass and PHB yield depicted under supplementation of glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose was due to boost in growth. Thus, present study demonstrates the extraction of both the products, i.e. PHB and C-PC is possible.

6 illus, 32 ref

020711   Yadav E;Sunil Kumar;Mahant S;Khatkar S;Rao R (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, Email: rekhaline@gmail.com) : Tea tree oil: a promising essential oil. J essential Oil Res 2017, 29(3), 201-13.

The use of essential oils (EOs) in the perfumery, agriculture, food industry and cosmetics is quite common owing to their aromatic properties. Tea tree oil is an EO with immense potential for the treatment of dermatological disorders due to its antimicrobial properties against broad spectrum of micro-organisms. It has minimal tendency to develop resistance. It is obtained from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, an Australian species, by steam distillation. It is a mixture of components like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their alcohols, contributing to various (analgesic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer) activities. Tea tree oil is reported to overcome resistance development by bacterial species towards conventional drugs. However, its hydrophobic nature, volatility and sensitivity to light, air and temperature, pose challenges to formulation scientists for its effective delivery. Tea Tree oil is reported as a safe, natural and effective agent. Since, specific knowledge on the chemical composition and properties of oil is fundamental for its adequate use, the present review compiles and discusses the hitherto scattered data on activities, tolerability, safety, toxicity and stability concern of tea tree oil. It also sheds light on various reported drug delivery systems and applications of this EO.

2 illus, 4 tables, 114 ref

020710   Yadav A V;Undale V R (Pharmacology Dep, SGRS College of Pharmacy, Saswad, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: vaishaliundale@gmail.com) : Antidiabetic effect of Plumeria rubra Linn. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(4), 1806-12.

Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by inherited or acquired deficiency in insulin secretion and by decreased responsiveness of the organs to secreted insulin. The protective effect of aqueous extract of Plumeria Rubra was studied against streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats. Plumeria rubra was administered orally at 3 dose levels (100, 200, 400mg/kg). - 165 - Plumeria rubra extract and standard drug Glibenclamide (GB) (10mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to animals for 28 days. The blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, body weight were assessed in the experimental animals. Plumeria rubra extract induced significant reduction (P < 0.001) in blood glucose levels in STZ induced diabetic rats. Plumeria rubra was found effective at all doses, although 200 mg/kg was found to be more effective and comparable with standard group. Additionally, histopathological examination of kidneys and pancreas showed that Plumeria rubra markedly ameliorated STZ induced renal tubular necrosis and pancreatic damage. Plumeria rubra exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats. The results of the present study provide support to the traditional usage of the plant in diabetes.

33 ref