011328   Mithilesh Kumar;Mishra O (University Department of Zoology, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga-846 004) : Seasonal variation in the blood coagulation time of the common Indian air-breathing fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch.). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 385-8.

Investigation on both sexes of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) were made throughout the year to explore seasonal variation in its blood coagulation time. A non-significant difference in the clotting time in the two sexes and its maximum and minimum values in the months of December and June were noteworthy. A gradual increase in the clotting time from July to December was also recorded. Successive rise in environmental temperature from January to June and gradual fall in temperature from July to December might be responsible for gradual increase and decrease in the clotting time of blood of the fish.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

011327   Mandal S;Jha A N (Zoology Dep, C.M. Science College, L.N. Mithila Univ, Darbhanga-846 004) : Changes in blood glucose and tissue glycogen level of Clarias batrachus due to lead toxicity. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 401-6.

The blood glucose level for sub chronic period showed sighificant increase by 11.14%. Where as chronic exposure showed glucose depletion by 35.91%. The hepatic and gonadal glycogen showed depletion in sub chronic as well as chronic period of exposure but the significant decline of hepatic and testis glycogen was noticed under chronic exposure as compare to ovary glycogen. Hyperglycaemia is supposed to be due to glycogenolysis where as hypoglycemia can be related to the utilization of reserve glycogen and impaired glycogenesis. The tissue glycogen reduction in present study is reflection of tissue acidosis and break down of glycogen in stress.

2 tables, 36 ref

011326   LoganKumar K;Raj Mohan D;Logaswamy S (Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Evalution of seed extract of Pongamia pinnata against the growth and development of the mosqutto, Aedes aegypti L. (diptera : culicidae). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 303-8.

Seed extract of Pongamia pinnata was evaluated for the egg hatchability, larvicidal and pupicidal activity of mosquito, Aedes aegypti under the room temperature in the laboratory. A relationship was observed between the dose and the percentage egg hatchability, larval and pupal mortality. Dosage value as expressed in ppm was 100 to 450 for Aedes aegypti. The percentage egg hatchability, larval and pupal mortality were found to increase with the dosage indicating a relationship between the two. Based on the probit analysis the Lc50 value of egg (232.46), I instar(123.69), II instar(163.19), III instar (209.38), IV instar (217.64) and pupa (275.47) were observed.

1 illus, 7 tables, 13 ref

011325   Kungumapriya R;Revathi K;Balachandran C (P.G. and Research Deptt. of Zoology, The Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008) : Effect of aflatoxin and toxin binders of the haematological changes of breeding japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix Japonica. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 420-2.

Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Molds in poultry feed are a source of significant economic loss to poultry producers. Molds adversely influence performance of animals by altering the nutrient composition of feed ingredients, decreasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and by producing toxic secondary metabolites. This work was carried out to study the rote of locally available herbal plant extracts such as Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma tonga in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis in laying Japanese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3ppm levels for a period of six weeks.

1 table, 8 ref

011324   Kungumapriya R;Ravathi M;Balasubramaniam D; Selvan S T (P.G. and research Deptt. of Zoology, The Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008) : Effect of aflatoxin and toxin binders on the egg weight and chick weight of breeding Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 357-60.

Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Molds in poultry feed are a source of significant economic loss to poultry producers. Molds adversely influence performance of animals by altering the nutrient composition of feed ingredients, decreasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and by producing toxic secondary metabolites. This work was carried out to study the role of locally available herbal plant extracts such as Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma longa in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis in laying Japanese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3ppm levels for a period of six weeks.

1 table, 6 ref

011323   Kungumapriya R (P.G. and Research Deptt. of Zoology, The Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008) : Effect of aflatoxin and toxin binders on the serum enzyme levels (GGT) of breeding Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix Japonica. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 417-19.

Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Aflatoxins cause malperformance, metabolic disorders and pathologic alterations in different species of poultry. Various species of poultry differ in susceptibility to acute and sub-acute aflatoxicosis. This work was carried out to study the role of locally available herbal plant extracts such as Azadirachta Mica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma tonga in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis in laying Japanese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3ppm levels for a period of six weeks.

1 table, 15 ref

011322   Krishnamoorthy P;Muthu K (Zoology Dep, Raja Serfoji College, Thanjavur-622 404) : Toxic effect of mercuric chloride on reproductive function in wister albino male rats. Res J biol Sci 2008, 1(2), 92-9.

To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of action of mercuric chloride on testis cell cycle and cell apoptosis in sexually matured Wister albino male rats, which were exposed to 40mg/kg b.wt, 45mg/ kg b.wt, 50mg/ kg b.wt or 55mg/ kg b.wt of mercuric chloride per rat in drinking water for 70days. At the end of the exposure periods, sperm quality, the percentage of G1/ GO (Gap 1/Gap 0), S (synthesis), G2/M (Gap2/M, mitosis), and apoptosis rate in testicle cells was measured using flow cytometry. Serum and testicular testosterone levels were determined with a Chemiluminescence's method. Effect on sperm quality and oxidative stress was also observed. Different dosages of mercuric chloride altered the testicular cell cycle also. When compared to control, the testicular cell cycle of rats at 40mg/ kg b.wt, or 45mg/ kg b.wt dose was not significantly affected. However, with the higher mercuric chloride concentration, the percentage of cells in G1/G0 phase increased significantly, whereas those in S phase decreased significantly. On the other hand, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase was similar to that of control. In the higher mercuric chloride concentration groups, distinct cell apoptosis of testis was observed. Likewise, sperm quality and antioxidant defenses were significantly reduced and oxidative stress occurred, whereas these effects were only slight at the lower HgCl₂ concentrations. Serum and testicular testosterone levels were significantly lower at all concentrations when compared with those in the control group.

4 tables, 31 ref

011321   Kalaivani M;Kennadi P;Kannan K (Zoology Dep, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Heavy metal mrcuric chloride induced biochemical changes in the freshwater catfish Mystus vittatus. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 210-12.

The fresh water catfish mystus vittatus were exposed to 0.1 mg/lit for 15 days and its effect on biochemical constituents such as total sugar, glycogen, total protein, free amino acids, total lipid and cholesterol contents of brain, gill and muscle tissue was evaluated. Almost all the biochemical constituents were changed and they show a significant decrease.

1 table, 7 ref

011320   Kalaivani M (Zoology Dep, Govt. Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Biochemical changes in Channa punctatus exposed to the pesticide endosulfan. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 341-8.

Pesticides are stable compounds and they enter the aquatic ecosystem through the agricultural run off. The present study is an attempt to study the toxicity of the pesticide endosulfan with respect to the behaviour, and biochemical contents of the fish C. punctatus. The fish which was in the pesticide dissolved water behaved abnormally with fast and twisting movements, increased frequency of surfacing gulping of air, vertical swimming and it swam rapidly to escape from the medium by jumping again and again. The biochemical contents in the present study show a gradual decrease in the total protein content and the proteases content was increased with the increasing concentration of the pesticide.

7 tables, 11 ref

011319   Hussain S A;Pandav B (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehra Dun) : Status of breeding water birds in changthang cold desert sanctuary, Ladakh. Indian For 2008, 134(4), 469-80.

Status of water birds in and around 11 lakes and 10 marshes in the Changthang Cold Desert Sanctuary, Ladakh was examined during July - August 2001. During the survey 44 species of water birds were recorded of which 19 species were breeding in various wetlands. Thirteen species were recorded at Stratsapuk Tso, seven from Tso Kar and six species each from Tso MOl'iri, Tsigul Tso, Lam Tso and Ya Ya Tso. Among the marshes, Puga valley and Phukche had more breeding species than other wetlands. Evidence of Greylag Goose Anser anser breeding in Ladakh was recorded from Lam Tso, Chumur. Large congregations of Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea were recorded in Tso Kar, Stratsapuk Tso and Tso Moriri and of Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus and Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus at Stratsapuk Tso. During the study 42 Black-necked Cranes were recorded from 15 sites of which nine pairs had juveniles with them. Maximum number of cranes was recorded from the Hanle plains, Fukche aud Chusul marshes. In spite of such biodiversity value the wetlands in the Changthang are under increasing pressure and need an integrated management approach for effective conservation.

2 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

011318   Harit D N (Zoology Dep, Govenment Champhai College, Mizoram-796 321) : Poisonous snakes (reptilia : ophidia) of Mizoram. north east India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 379-383.

Mizoram is one of the North Eastern Hill states of India, with an area of 21,081 sq km and lies between 21°58' - 24°30' N and 92°16'- 93°25' E. The state receives heavy rain fall and has rich faunal and floral diversity, which has not been explored much so far. Snakes constitute one of the important faunal components of the biodiversity. Studies on snakes of the state have been made by some workers. This paper aimed to report Poisonous snakes of the state based on local surveys and the literature available, which belong to three families like Elapidae, includes three species Ophiophagus hannah, Naja naja kaouthia and Calliophis macclellandi, Family Viperidae includes Daboia russelli (Vipera russelii) and Family Crotalidae includes Trimeresurus monticola, Trimeresurus gramimeus, Trimeresurus erythurus and Trimeresurus albolabris. Total eight species of the poisonous snakes are being reported herewith.

1 table, 9 ref

011317   Chandhiradevi N;Logankumar K;Rajmohan D; Umavathi S (P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 029) : Efficacy of a synthetic pesticide, bistar against the domestic housefly, Musca domestica (diptera : muscidae). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 307-12.

The insecticidal performance of Bistar has been assessed on various developmental stages of the domestic housefly, Musca domestica. The pre-adult development time of Musca domestica was considerably extended, when the larvae reared in a medium treated with different concentration of Bistar, compared to that of control. The LC₅₀ values of Bistar ranged between 0.03 to 0.07%, During the treatment of the Bistar, malformations in the developmental stages were noticed. I instar larval stage was found to be more susceptible than the other stages such as egg, three instars and pupa.

4 tables, 12 ref

011316   Binu Kumari S;Surendran D J;Manimegalai M; Umavathi S (Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 029) : Impact of herbicide (glyphosate) on the biochemical components of the fish, Catla catla. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 434-8.

The biochemical components like protein, carbohydrate and cholesterol were estimated quantitatively in the tissues of liver, kidney, muscle and gill of control and herbicide treated fishes. The fishes were treated with the sublethal concentration of 2.5 ppm for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The protein, carbohydrate and lipid level of liver, kidney, muscle and gill of the control fish was very high when compared with the treated ones. In treated fish the protein content of liver, kidney, muscle and gill were greatly reduced. Maximum reduction was observed at 72 hours exposure. The carbohydrate and cholesterol content of the liver, kidney, muscle and gill are showed similar declining trend at different exposure periods. Maximum reduction was observed at 72 hours exposures.

3 tables, 12 ref

011315   Bindu L (Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053) : Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of an endangered fish Osphronemus goramy and a common table fish Punitius sarana. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 51-4.

Developed an extender-cryoprotectant system for the long-term storage of the spermatozoa of an endangered fish, Osphronemus goramy and a common table fish, Puntius sarana. Five extenders and three cryoprotectants were used in the present study. The cryoprotectants were used in three different percentages viz., 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The experiment was conducted for 90 days. The extenders and cryoprotectants were found to be species specific.

2 tables, 17 ref

011314   Baile V V;Raut I N;Bhute Y V (Zoology Dep, RTM Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: in.raut@gmail.com) : Organization of olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary gland of a teleost, Notopterus notopterus. Ann Neurosci 2008, 15(2), 43-50.

Nuclear identification of olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary gland in Notopterus notopterus (order - Osteoglossiformes) is studied using Kluver and Barrera and Aldehyde fuschin staining techniques. Olfactory system has a short olfactory nerve which connects the olfactory epithelium with the bulb. From the bulb, two tracts run posteriorly and enter the telencephalon. In the olfactory bulb, mitral cells and giant cells of nervus terminalis (NT) are observed. In the forebrain, near the lateral forebrain bundle (LFB), multipolar cells of nucleus entopeduncularis (NE) are located in the telencephalon. Diencephalon is divided into preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus and epithalamus. In the diencephalon, Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), Nucleus preopticus (NPO) and nucleus anterior commissure (NAC) are also identified. In the preoptic area, nucleus of subventricular gray (NSG) and organasum vasculossum lamellae terminalis (OVLT) is observed. Nucleus preopticus magnocellularis (NPOm) is the only AF-positive nucleus in the neuronal complex. Caudal to preoptic region, the tuberal area starts which has nucleus hypothalmicus (Nh) and nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT). Above the hypothalamus, thalamic area shows thalamic nuclei. In the epithalmus, paired habenular ganglia are connected to each other by habenular commissure. Pituitary is platybasic which has flat neurohypophysis and disc shaped adenohypophysis.

4 illus, 30 ref

010309   Yap C K;Nor Hafiza J;Rahim Ismail A;Izwan M K (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Univ Putra Malaysia, UPM 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: yapckong1973@yahoo.com.sg) : Biodiversity of macrobenthic invertebrates in the Semenyih river: a revisited study. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2008, 10(4), 715-23.

This study was to determine the density and abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates at Semenyih River, in order to compare those collected from the same river in 1997 as reported by Yap et al. (2003). The river generally supported diverse groups of macrobenthic invertebrates such as Tubificida, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Gastropoda, Odonata as well as Crustacea. The data showed that the upstream stations have the highest density of Trichopteran larvae; Macrostemum similior and Amphipsyche meridiana in agreement with the good water quality at the upstream stations. On the other hand, the polluted downstream stations were dominated by a resistant worm, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. Since this worm species is known to be able to tolerate polluted conditions such as low oxygen dissolved and therefore, the higher density of them at the polluted downstream stations can be used as a bioindicator for the polluted ecosystem. Therefore these Trichopteran larvae and resistant worm were good bioindicator for the clean and polluted river ecosystems, respectively, confirming those reported by Yap et al. (2003). In general, the species diversity was declining from the upstream to the downstream stations. Human activities such as constructions, agricultural activities, urbanization and industrializations along the river have been the major factors that influenced the density and abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates at the Semenyih River.

2 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

010308   Upadhye M V;Jadhav U;Utekar A Y;Patil R C (Life Sciences Dep, Mumbai Univ, Santacruz(E), Mumbai-400 098) : Avifauna of Mumbai university campus. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 461-4.

Survey was carried out to document the birds sighted in the Mumbai University Campus located at Kalina, Santacruz. Birds were identified and a checklist was prepared based on different families they belonged. The results showed that campus has a great amount of diversity in number as well as residential and seasonal status of birds. A total of 59 species of birds belonging to 27 different families were recorded during the present study.

1 table, 5 ref

010307   Srivastav A K;Narayan A;Roopal Singh (Parasitological laboratory, Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (PG) College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : New tapeworm, Pseudoheteroinverta chirgaonensis N.SP. from Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) from Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 273-6.

Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) was collected from Chirgaon, District - Jhansi (U.P.) for helminth parasites. Two cestode parasites were reported from its intestine which shows inverted "A" shaped ovary with medium sized neck.

4 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

010306   Soni S;Agrawal N C;Singh K;Ahirwal R P (Zoology Dep, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar-470 003) : Ecological study on predatory fishes of Sagar district. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 287-9.

Common ecological observations of predatory fishes have been studied from the tanks and rivers of Sagar district.

1 table, 8 ref

010305   Shrivastava V;Sadhu D N;Singh R K (Zoology Dep, St. Columba's College (Vinoba Bhave Univ), Hazaribag-825 301) : Hazaribag district, an abode of ornamental fishes in Jharkhand. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 319-23.

Identification of the ornamental fishes in Hazaribag district of Jharkhand, were undertaken. Four ornamental fishes namely Trichogaster lalius, Trichogaster fasciatus, Danio rerio and Mastacembelus armatus were recorded. These fishes occupied special position in the series of pisces due to their remarkable colour combination and specific design depicted on the body surfuce. The habitats of these fishes were also different for different species.

4 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

010304   Saini K;Malik M;Gupta S K;Mehta H S (High Altitude Zoology Field Station, Zoological Survey of India, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Email: zsikamal@gmail.com) : Some observation on biodiversity of Saraswati plantation conservational reserve, Haryana, India. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 269-72.

Systematic surveys were done to study the general fauna. A total of 4 species of Reptiles, 5 of Amphibia, 6 Mammals, 12 Lepidopteras, 16 Orthptera and 33 species of birds were observed and studied.

12 ref

010303   Rajani C V;Ramesh G;Vijayaragavan C (Anatomy Dep, Madras Veterianary College, Chennai-600 007) : Histoenzymic studies of the epididymis in rat (Rattus norwegicus). Indian J Anim Res 2008, 42(4), 291-3.

Histoenzymic study of the epididymis in rat was conducted in both prepubertal and postpubertal animals. The initial segment showed intense reaction for acid phosphatase. The reaction of alkaline phosphatase is basal in the initial, middle and terminal segments. Adenosine triphosphatase showed intense reaction in the apical protion, whereas, for glucose 6-phosphatase, the activity was basal in the middle and terminal segments. Intense reaction for succinate dedydrogenase noted in sperms and edididymal cells.

11 ref

010302   Pati S K;Mahapatro D;Singhsamant B;Panigrahy R C (Wood Biodegradation Centre (Marine), Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Beach Road, Via Yoga Village, A.U. Post, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: sameer_pati@yahoo.co.in) : On the molluscs of south Orissa coast, east coast of India. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 340-6.

A survey of the marine and estuarine molluscs was made along the south Orissa coast between Rushikulya and Bahuda estuaries. The results of the survey revealed rich faunal diversity of molluscs in this part of the Indian East Coast. In total, 42 species, under 37 genera belonging to 30 families, 12 orders and 4 classes were collected and then identified. Cerithidea (Cerithidiopsilla) cingulata, Bullia (Dorsanum) vittata, Oliva oliva, Olivancillaria gibbosa and Meretrix meretrix emerged as common and abundant species of this coastal domain. Natica marochiensis is reported for the first time from Bahuda estuary as well as Orissa coast.

1 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

010301   Okafor A I;Ndukuba P I;Amaefula J C (Animal and Environmental Biology Dep, Abia State Univ, Uturu, Nigeria, Email: dstpadmini@rediffmail.com) : Periodic adjustments of body weights and some haematological parameters during aestivation of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens of Oguta lake, Nigeria. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2008, 10(4), 733-7.

Periodic adjustments of body weights, blood haematocrit, haemoglobin, pH and osmolality levels during a twelve month laboratory aestivation of the West African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen) obtained from Oguta lake at Oguta of Imo State, Nigeria were investigated. There was a significant elevation of blood haematocrit, haemoglobin contents and osmolality, with a significant reduction in body weights and blood pH within the first two months of aestivation and continued through the fourth, sixth and up to the twelfth month. The essence of these physiological adjustments which ensure survival throughout the duration of aestivation are discussed.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

010300   Noureldin E M;Farrag H (General Directorate of Pest Control, , Jeddah Municipality-K.S.A.) : Population density of cockroach species and magnitude of their infestation in Jeddah province, Saudi Arabia. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 259-67.

The results of the cockroaches survey in the 14 sub-municipalities of Jeddah province revealed that a total of 3551 cockroaches were caught by 491 of 1433 traps (36.5%), from 128 of 168 houses (76,2%). Overall, relative density ranged from 8.1 (in Obhour sub-municipality) to 43.2 (in Alaziziah sub-municipality) with an average of 21.1 cockroaches / house. It was noticed that the population density of the cockroaches was high in the central and southern parts of the province where the sanitation and standard of living were poor. All the restaurants (100%) and cafeterias (100%) were found infested by cockroaches while 93.3% of the hospitals, 86.7% of the hotels, 80% of the groceries 73.3% of the butcheries, 66.7% of the vegetable and fruit shops and 53.3% of the bakeries were infested by cockroaches. Four species of cockroaches were identified from the 14 sub-municipalities, as well as from the 8 property types of Jeddah province, namely: The German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.), the brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa F.) and the Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis L.) belonging to 4 genera.

4 illus, 5 tables, 23 ref

010299   Maya S;Chungath J J;Harshan K R;Ashok N (Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy-680 651) : Regional growth of spinal cord and vertebral column in goat foetuses. Indian J Anim Res 2008, 42(3), 164-70.

Regional growth of spinal cord and vertebral column during the prenatal development of goat was studied using 52 foetuses of various ages. The maximum and minimum regional spinal cord length was measured in the thoracic and coccygeal regions, respectively. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between total cord length and length of different cord regions except coccygeal region. Regional length of the vertebral column was dependant on the regional length of the spinal cord except at the coccygeal region and changed accordingly. The thoracic region of spinal cord exhibited an increased growth rate over that of vertebral column during second and third month. Cervical and lumbar spinal cord regions showed isometric growth rate with corresponding vertebral column regions during all stages. The sacral region also was isometric upto fourth month, which declined in the fifth month.

7 tables, 12 ref

010298   Maya S;Chungath J J;Harshan K R;Ashok N (Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala-680 651) : Histology of thoracic segments of spinal cord in goat foetuses*. Indian J Anim Res 2008, 42(4), 235-41.

Histological studies were carried out on the thoracic segments of spinal cord in goat using 52 foetuses of various ages. From second month onwards, thoracic region presented conical subsantia geiatinosa and nucleus proprius in the dorsal horn. Nucleus dorsalis and reticular formation appeared in the intermediate gray matter by this age. The gray matter also presented a prominent lateral horn with intermediolateral and intermediomedial nuclei and a narrow ventral horn with ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei.

6 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

010297   Kungumapriya R;Revathi K (P.G. and Research Dep of Zoology, The Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008, Email: dr.rkungumapriya@gmail.com) : Role of herbal toxin binders in counteracting the effects of aflatoxin on the serum glutamate oxalate transferase levels of breeding Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2008, 10(4), 883-4.

Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Aflatoxins cause malperformance, metabolic disorders and pathologic alterations in different species of poultry. Various species of poultry differ in susceptibility to acute and sub-acute aflatoxicosis. This work was carried out to study the role of locally available herbal plant extracts such as Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma longa in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis in laying Japanese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3ppm levels for a period of six weeks.

1 table, 14 ref

010296   Kowsalya R;Noorjahan C M (P.G. and Research Dep of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Teynampet, Chennai-600 018) : Seasonal distribution of planktons, macroflora and fauna of Double lake (Erettai eri), Porur, Chennai. Ecol Envir Conserv 2008, 14(2-3), 423-7.

Double Lake (Erettai Eri), Porur is located about 18 Km South-west of Chennai City limits on the Guindy - Poonamallee Road which eventually merges into the Chennai - Bangalore highway. The lake is highly polluted hence the present study was undertaken in order to monitor the planktons (Phytoplankton and Zooplankton), Macroflora and Macrofauna present in the water samples in order to assess the pollution status of the water from Erettai Eri.

4 tables, 15 ref

010295   Kalse A T;Suryawanshi R B;Patil J R;Kaul S S (Zoology Research Lab, Rashtriya Arts, Science & Commerce College, Chalisgaon, Dist Jalgaon-424 101) : Alizia shindei N. SP. (Cestoda: Avitellineidae) from Capra hircus. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 290-2.

This communication deals with the morphology of a new species Alizia shindei n. sp. collected from Goat, Capra hircus at Devbhane, Tq., Dist. Dhule, M.S., India. The present form differs from all known species in the size of scolex, width of mature segments, number of testes, number of inter-proglottidal glands, location of genital pores and reports from host.

3 illus, 4 ref

010294   Hallale B V;Vaidya A P;Shinde A B (PG Dep of Botany, D.S.M. College, Parbhani-431 401) : Some poisonous plants from Jintur forest. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 221-2.

A survey of some poisonous plants from Jintur forest, a part of Ajanta ranges of Sahyadries of Parbhani District in Maharashtra, was undertaken and more than 15 different plants identified as 'Poisonus Plants'in the region,and they have taken their place in gardens as ornametal plants. The effects of these plants on living organisms, poisonous plants parts and their symptoms of poisoning are discussed.

1 table, 8 ref

010293   Goutam Ranjan;Rakesh Mohan;Singh N P (Zoology Dep, T.R.M. Campus, Birganj, Nepal) : Buccopharynx of some fishes of Indo-Nepal region in relation of their food and feeding habits. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 277-82.

The primary objective of the study was to draw attention of the workers of the ichthyology towards the relationship of buccopharynx and the feeding habits. On the basis of food, the fishes were grouped as herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous etc. Here in special attention was given upon their mode of feeding, modification in the structure of buccal cavity gill rakers and dentition which were solely concerned with the selection and seizure of the food.

3 illus, 11 ref

010292   Gambhir R K;Chongtham I;Tarnita T H; Gyaneswori I;Ngaseppam Z (Parasitology Laboratory, Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Chanchipur, Imphal-795 003) : Cipangopaludina lecythis an edible snail as a host for a new furcocercous cercaria from Manipur. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 316-18.

Deals with the description of a new furcocercous cercaria, Cercaria aspinosa n.sp. from the edible snails Cipangopaludina lecythis of Manipur (India). The dimensions and descriptions are presented.

2 illus, 4 ref

010291   Bisht M S;Dobriyal A K (Zoology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ Campus, Pauri Garhwal-246 001) : Variations recorded in feather structure of monotypic cheer pheasant Catreus wallichi (Hardwicke) from Garhwal Himalaya. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 311-15.

Microscopic study of the feathers of different spatially isolated populations of Cheer pheasant was conducted to record structural variations. Significant differences were observed in appearance and barbules structure of the wing feathers. In one of the population, which was of wide occurrence, the feathers were smooth and barbules with triangular heart shaped nodes and long internodes. In another population, which was observed in Agrora (District- Pauri Garhwal) and Joshimath (District - Chamoli Garhwal), the feathers with unusual velvety surface barbules with rod-shaped node and short internodes were recorded.

3 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

010290   Bhosle N S;Shingatgire R K;Kapadnis P J (College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MAFSU, Parbhani-431 402) : Histochemical study of bulbourethral glands in uncastrated and castrated cattle. Indian J Anim Res 2008, 42(4), 305-7.

For the present study bulbourethral glands were obtained from 28 castrated and uncastrated cattle of Deoni breed and other non-descript breeds. The glycogen activity was intensely positive, acid muco-polysaccharides and amyloid reaction were intense to moderate, the epithelial lining of the alveoli showed mild to moderate alkaline phosphates activity in uncastrated cattle. However, the glycogen activity was mild to moderate, acid muco-polysaccharides showed moderate activity, the mild activity for amyloids was observed in castrated cattle. There was no reaction for alkaline phosphates activity in the castrated cattle.

4 illus

010289   Anupama;Poonam Kumari;Gusain O P (Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, PO Box 60, Srinagar, Garhwal-246 174) : Morphometric measurements, meristic counts and condition factor of Barilius bendelesis from river Nayar in Garhwal Himalaya. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 331-9.

Morphometric measurements and meristic counts of Barilius bendelesis collected from River Nayar in Garhwal Himalaya (Uttarakhand) were made. Length-weight relationship and condition factor were also determined. The study revealed that almost all the characters showed linear relationship. Correlation coefficient (r) was significant (P<O.O5) for all variables.

3 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

009128   Unni B G;Bhattacharjee M;Goswami A M;Wann Das Chutia S B;Das S;Rajkhowa G;Kakoty Y (NO, North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785 006, Email: bgunni@rrljorhat.res.in) : Role of insect neuropeptides and juvenile hormones in silk protein biosynthesis. Ann Neurosci 2008, 15(4), 112-17.

Brain or the neurosecretory system in insects being the wider part of the central nervous system does play important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of biological activities controlling growth, development and reproduction. The brain also regulates the synthesis and the release of juvenile hormones (JH) by the corpora allata (CA). A large number of neuropeptides are being identified in invertebrates and are found to play important roles in controlling brain functions of insects and their behaviour. Insect neuropeptides and juvenile hormones (JH) play important roles in all aspects of insect development and reproduction. Juvenile Hormone Acid Methyltransferase (JHAMT) is found to be the key regulatory enzyme in juvenile hormone biosynthesis. The ability of corpora allata to synthesize juvenile hormone is controlled by stimulatory and inhibitory signals. These signals are mediated through neuropeptides or its analogues are either stimulatory (Allatotropin, and its analogues), synthetic analogues (allatotropin analogue acetylated, ATAA and allatotropin analogue non acetylated, ATANA) or inhibitory (allatostatin, allatinhibin). It has been observed that the activities of the cellular ultra structure immediately after last larval moulting of the neuro secretory cells were very less compared to later part of the instar. Juvenile hormone and its analogues are found to cause various biochemical changes in the larval tissues. It also increases larval body weight, coccon weight and silk shell weight which is the result of secretion of more silk protein and lengthening of last instar. Similar observations are also shown by non-mulberry silkworm Philosamia ricini with JH-III. Juvenile hormones are found to inhibit silk gland function, prevent their degeneration and indirectly causing an increase in silk production. The practical application of these neuropeptides is also now undertaken by different groups for pest management as biocontrol agents. However, the molecular action and functional properties of these natural peptides are still a challenge to insect endocrinologists. Paper reviewed, the role of neuropeptides and juvenile hormones with respect to silk protein biosynthesis in non-mulberry silkworms.

45 ref

009127   Srivastav A K;Singh R;Narayan A (Parasitological Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : New tapeworm, Heeradevina hamirpurensis N.SP. from Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 117-20.

Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) was collected from Hamirpur (U.P.) for helminth parasites. Two alike cestode parasites were reported from its intestine, which shows inverted "A" shaped ovary with very long neck.

ref

009126   Sharma V I;Ahirwar R;Singh R P (Zoology Dep, Bipin Behari, P.G. College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of diazinon on basic proteins in stomach and intestine of Channa punctatus. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 93-5.

Histological observations were made on the basic proteins i.e. fibrin and reticulin in the stomach and intestine of fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. The observations revealed a dull reaction and marked decrease activity for protein fibres after the treatment of Diazinon. This toxic agent interacts with cellular protein in a specific manner and the protein metabolism changes membrane permeability. Thus these observations are of great importance from toxicological point of view.

4 tables, 9 ref

009125   Saxena R;Diwakar R (Pest and Parasite Research Lab II, Zoology Dep, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243 005) : Insecticidal properties of some plant extracts against spotted beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fab.). Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 82-4.

For the bipcontrol of the pest, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fab., petroleum ether extracts of Mentha arvensis (Pudina), Callistemon lanceolatus (Bottlebrush) and Chenopodium album (Bathua) were prepared with the help of Soxhlet apparatus, at 60-80°C. Three different concentrations viz. 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% were tested on IInd instar larvae for observing their weight, size as well as mortality at regular interval of 24 hrs upto three days. After 72 hrs normal food was provided in all the sets and again observations on the above parameters were noted down in addition to the rate of emergence. It was found that 2.0% leaves extract of M. arvensis caused 33.33 to 72.22%, C. album 27.77 to 77.77% and C. lanceolatus 50.0 to 100% larval mortality after 24 to 72 hrs. Whereas leaves extracts of Mentha and Chenopodium showed only 5.55 to 33.33% and 16.66 to 66.66%, 11.11 to 55.55% and 0 to 66.66% mortality after 24 to 72 hrs with 1 and 1.5% concentration, were comparatively less effective as Callistemon leaves extract showed 22.22 to 77.77% and 27.77 to 94.44% mortality with 1 and 1.5% concentrations respectively. Thus, it was found that Callistemon lanceolatus leaf extract was most effective against Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata in comparison to Mentha arvensis and Chenopodium album extracts.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

009124   Rout S D;Sharma J (Wildlife and Conservation Biology Dep, North Orissa Univ, Takatpur, Baripada, Orissa) : Review of the problems and challenges for conservation of tigers in Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa, India. Indian For 2008, 134(2), 164-70.

Similipal Tiger Reserve one of the initially created nine tiger reserves in the country, is the largest single contiguous patch of tropical forest located in the State of Orissa. The ever increasing biotic pressure due to presence of 65 villages inside the sanctuary and 1,200 villages around 10 km of its boundary is a potential threat to its existence. A balance has to be struck between development and conservation. Minimum biotic interference can not be avoided to maintain the sanctity and natural wealth of this biodiversity rich biome. Some protection initiatives have been taken to overcome several problems and to strengthen for the conservation of tiger and other animals in Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa.

^iia1 illus, 7 ref

009123   Rankhamb S V;Vaidya V V;Kulkarni G K (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: kgr2003@rediffmail.com) : Polychaete fauna from Ratnagiri coast, Maharashtra.. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 69-76.

The study was undertaken to survey the recent status of polychaete fauna of Ratnagiri coast. The coastal region of Ratnagiri offers variety of habitats such as rocky shores, sandy and muddy bays and estuaries. The polychaetes were mainly collected from several localities like Golap, Ranpar, Bhatye, Phansop, Mandovi, Bhatkarwada, Karla, Jacky mirya, Mirya, Sakhartar, Kalbadevi and Warvade in and around Ratnagiri. The distribution of various species of polychaete were studied at said sites. Total 14 species of polychaetes belonging to four different orders (Eunicida, Phyllodocida, Capitellida and Errancida) were present. Natural calamities, man-made constructions, anthropological activities, pollution load etc might have badly affected the population.

15 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

009122   Ranjan G;Rakesh Mohan;Singh N P (Zoology Dep, , T.R.M. Campus, Birganj, Nepal) : Physico- chemical characteristics of a lentic water body of Birganj (Nepal) in relation to growth of zooplankton and fish culture. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 65-8.

Limnological study of a "Lentic water body" situated at Birganj, Nepal was made with respect to its physico-chemical characteristics, growth and composition of zooplankton. Various physico-chemical factors like transparency, pH, alkalinity and conductivity showed almost positive correlation with different zooplankton groups and was maximum in the month of April and minimum in September. Twenty three species of zooplanktons were recorded.

3 tables, 10 ref

009121   Raju D V S N;Manjulatha D C (Zoology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, Email: dandu_raju169@yahoo.co.in) : Optimal first feed timing and feed concentration for successful morphogenesis of the zoea larvae of Scylla serrata (Forskal). Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 96-100.

Present experiments were conducted to determine the optimum time of weaning and the feed concentration for successful morphogenesis of the zoea larvae of Scylla serrata in captive breeding trials. The zoea larvae survive on yolk until stage 3 and later become weak and die if they are unfed. To know the zoeal morphogenesis depending on feeding, the optimum first feeding time was tested with 15, 25, 35 and 45 hrs after hatching. Moreover feed concentrations were also tested with 10-15, 20-25 and 30-35 Artemia nauplii/ ml. First feeding after 25 hrs of hatching with a concentration of 30-35 nauplii/ml proved suitable for their uninterrupted morphogenesis upto advanced zoea (Z₇). Different survival levels, duration of zoea stages and final stage attainment in different experiments alongwith different feed concentrations were also recorded. OSl brand Artemia nauplii were used as feed.

2 tables, 15 ref

009120   Pawar R T;Hiware C J (Zoology Dep, Art, Commerece and Science College, Kille-Dharur, Distt. Beed, Maharashtra) : New species of the genus Gangesia (Gangesia)<. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 85-9.

A new species of the genus Gangesia (Gangesia) ramkaei n.sp. was collected from the intestine of freshwater catfish, Wallago attu from Aurangabad (M.S.) India. The species differs from all other known species of the genus in having scolex globular shape with four suckers; armed rostellum, rostellar hooks 35-37 in number, absence of neck, number of testes 170-190; bilobed butterfly shaped ovary, vagina thin tubular and follicular vitellaria.

1 illus, 26 ref

009119   Pathani S S;Kanwal B P S;Ashok Kumar;Tewari M;Nailwal P C (Zoology Dep, Kumaun Univ, S.S.J. Campus, Almora) : Population of diatoms in the lotic water bodies of Kumaun Himalaya, (India). Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 101-6.

The diatoms were collected from different lotic water bodies of Kumaun Himalaya, i.e., Bastiagarh, Thuligarh (tributaries of Sharda river), Sharda river at Banbasa, Lohawati, - Champhawat district; Mahargarh (a tributary of Ramganga east), Goriganga at Jauljibi. - Pithoragarh district; and Panar river. Satju river. Sironigarh (a tributary of Suyal river) Kosi river - Almora district studied for one year. Observations showed 45 genera and 69 species belonging to 12 families of Bacillariophyceae were available in the said water bodies. The population of genera and species in each family were recorded. The maximum population of Naviculaeeae (30.43% - 31.11%) and minimum population of Biddulphiaceae and Rhizosoleniaceae (1.44%-2.22%) were recorded. The population of Bacillariophyceae in each lotic water body under investigation was recorded. The maximum population of diatoms was recorded in the Bastiagarh and Sharda River (44.92%-62.22%) and minimum genera in Lohawati (20.0%) and minimum species in Panar river.

2 tables, 18 ref

009118   Paliwal A;Verma D (P.G. Dep of Zoology, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Distt., Etah-207 242) : Description of a new species of Lepidocyrtinus (collembola : entomobryidae) from district Etah (U.P.). Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 115-16.

A new species of Collembola of the genus Lepidocyrtinus, i.e. Lepidocyrtinus etahanicus sp. Nov. has been described from Etah Distt. (U.P.) and its environs. This species differs from its closely related species in body pigmentation, number of claw and details of chaetotaxy.

6 illus, 5 tables

009117   Mohilal N;Pramodini M (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003, Email: mohilaln@yahoo.co.in) : Various species of Discocriconemella from Manipur, India and first report of male Discocriconemella aquatica. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(1), 153-60.

Males of Discocriconemella aquatica are reported for the first time. They are characterized by cylindroid body, irregular annulation with strongly cuticularised lip that have conoid to cylindrical apex, slender spicules and three prominent genital papillae anterior to the cloaca.

1 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

009116   Kapur Ghai J;Priya;Dawar S (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agriucltural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Population dynamics of gastrointestinal nematode parasite of goat. Ann Biol 2008, 24(2), 115-18.

Gastrointestinal nematodc parasites of goats have been identified as one of the major impediments to their production. leading to colossal economic losses. In the present study on population dynamics of the gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. Haemonchus contortus was found to he the most prevalent species (84%). followed by Trichuris globulosa (77.5%) and Ostertagia oslertagi being the least (17.97%). Their highest incidence and density were recorded in the rainy season, followed by summer, and least in the winter season. Application of these observations on population dynamics of gastrointestinal nematodes parasites in formulatina effective control strategies has been discussed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

009115   Kapur Ghai J;Priya;Dawar S (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agriucltural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Comprative protein profiles of some gastrointestinal nematode parasites of goat. Ann Biol 2008, 24(2), 111-14.

Haenwnchus contorlus and Trichtiris globulusa are ubiquitous parasites of goat, causing considerable morbidity and mortality thereby resulting in colossal economic losses. Hence, it is essential to control these parasites, for which an early and accurate diagnosis is a prerequisite. For this, there is a need for parasite specific reagents viz. proteins. DNA, etc. Present paper deals with qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins of H. contortus and T. glohulosa with an aim to identify species specific proteins. Quantitative analysis indicated 3.32 and 3.44% soluble proteins. 3.84 and 3.21% bound proteins (extracted with SDS 1%) in H. contortus and T. glubulosa. respectively. Qualitatively, both the soluble as well as the bound proteins of H. contortus were fractionated by SDS-PAGE (10% gels) into 1 2 bands (26.30-199.50 kDa) in the soluble fraction and 1 8.90-234.40 kDa in the bound fraction. Similarly, in T. globulosa these were resolved into 15 bands (28.40-158.49 kDa) in the soluble fraction and 11 bands (25.13-205.20 kDa) in the bound fraction. Two and three proteins were common between the soluble and the bound fractions of H. contortus and T. globulosa, respectively. Nine proteins were found to be common between these two parasites. Thirteen species specific proteins of H. contortus and 15 species specific proteins of T. globulosa were detected in the present study. Their potential in development of specific diagnostic tests has been discussed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref