020511   Rawal V P;Patil L P (NO, MET's Institute of D.Pharmacy, Adgoan, Nashik-422 003) : Anticonvulsant activity of Tectona grandis Linn bark extracts. Pharma Sci Monit 2017, 8(2), 174-89.

Tectona grandis Linn. belongs to the family verbinaceae is a large deciduous tree known for various pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, etc. and recognized in ayurvedic system of medicine.Literature search indicated that scavenging reactive oxygen species, activating a battery of detoxifying proteins or preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species helps in various brain disorders and hence, anticonvulsant activity of Tectona grandis Linn. of barkextractswere screened in animal models viz., maximal electroshock induced seizures(MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures. Before the pharmacological screenings an acute toxicity study was carried out as per the OECD guidelines and occordingly doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg,b.w were selected for the study. The anticonvulsant effect of petroleum ether extract (TGP), chloroform extract (TGC), ethanolic extract (TGE), and aqueous extract (TGA) were evaluated. The extracts showed presences of carbohydrate, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids.The alcohol extract exhibited highly significant activity in MES and PTZ compared to control.

41 ref

020510   Pratima H;Mathad P (Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Botany Dep, Karnataka State Women's Univ, Vijayapur-568 101, Email: pratimakalsanki@gmail.com) : Comparative study on pharmacognostic and phytochemical composition of seed coat and cotyledon of Cajanus cajan L.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(4), 1751-7.

Cjanus cajan (L.) Millsp belonging to the family Fabaceae commonly known as pigeonpea or arhar. The present study conducted to assess the phytochemical and pharmacognostic in terms of organoleptic, fluorescence analysis and physicochemical parameters of seed coat and cotyledon of C. cajan. Differential extraction yielded of seed coat extracts of petether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous shows 6.3%, 1.14%, 11.36% and 9.32% and cotyledon extracts of pet ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous shows 7.34%, 4.25%, 10.45% and 8.45% respectively. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash of seed coat and cotyledon were found to be 14.5% and 11.5%, 8.35% and 7.36%, 2.11% and 3.39% respectively. Further the mineral elements like zinc, magnesium and copper content were found more in seed coat whereas, maximum content of iron were observed in cotyledon. The fluorescent analyses of powdered drug play an important role in the determination of quality and purity of the drug. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, lignins, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides in seed coat and cotyledon. The maximum content of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, lignins, alkaloids, steroids were found in seed coat compared to cotyledon, whereas glycosides content was more in cotyledon. The pharmacognostic study revealed the purity of the sample and helps to differentiate the plant sample from the adulterants.

36 ref

020509   Padalia R C;Verma R S;Chauhan A (Research Center, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Pantnagar, Email: rc.padalia@cimap.res.in) : Diurnal variations in aroma profile of Ocimum basilicum L., O. gratissimum L., O. americanum L., and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke. J essential Oil Res 2017, 29(3), 248-61.

Ocimum spp. are reputed for their essential oils and aroma chemicals that are highly valued in food and flavor industries. This study was conducted to evaluate the diurnal effect on essential oil yield and composition of four Ocimum species, viz. O. basilicum L., O. gratissimum L., O. americanum L., and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke grown at foothills of Uttarakhand, India. Essential oil content and composition were determined and compared as a function of different harvesting times viz. morning (6.00 a.m.), noon (12.00 p.m.), and evening (6.00 p.m.). O. basilicum, O. americanum, and O. kilimandscharicum (camphor type) gave higher essential oil yield when harvested at noon, while in O. gratissimum, higher oil yield was obtained in the evening, followed by noon and morning harvesting. Oil yield in O. kilimandscharicum (eugenol/methyl chavicol) chemotype was found in the order of: morning <62> noon <62> evening. Similar to oil yield, significant qualitative and quantitative differences in essential oil composition of O. gratissimum and O. kilimandscharicum chemotypes were observed, while in O. basilicum chemotypes, little quantitative changes in compositions were found due to different harvesting times of the day. The results obtained could be of economic significance for determining the most favorable time for harvesting.

7 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

020508   Ojha J;Agnihotri R K;Sharma R (Botany Dep, SLS Khandari Campus, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra-282 002, Email: rk_agnihotri@rediffmail.com) : Documentation on species diversity of higher plants of paliwal park, Agra (U.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 124-30.

Agra is one of the largest districts of U.P. which is floristically very rich. In this region, there are many taxa which are not reported yet as in the form of floral documentations. The present study carried out on the flora of the Paliwal Park, Agra. It is spread over on area of around 70 acres (280,000 m²). In the present study a total of 76 plants species belong to 36 families have been recorded from this area. The most widely distributed plants were found in the family Moraceae (8), Caesalpiniaceae (7), Apocynaceae (5), Bignniaceae (5), Meliaceae (3) etc. There are 20 families representing only one genus and one species. The present information is important as it allows us to present or avoid the potential chance of biodiversity loss and to plan future policy for the protection of our environment.

3 tables, 10 ref

020507   Lata K (Botany Dep, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Government Post Graduate College, Saidabad, Allahabad State Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: dr_latabot@rediffmail.com) : Asteraceous flora of terai region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 105-14.

The systematic identification of 78 species belonging to 51 genera reported from Terai region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. The present paper provides key to genera, list of plant with their habit, phenology and voucher number of each species.

15 ref

020506   Bhardwaj P;Sharma K R;Khosla P K (School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini Univ, Solan, Himachal Pradesh-173 212, Email: prernabhardwaj135@gmail.com) : Variation in resin ducts and yield in chir pine population. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(5), 2213-17.

Pinus roxburghii (F-Pinaceae) is one of the most common chir-pine found in the mid-Himalayan region. The crown of this species displays two different needle colour morphotypes (Dark- Green, Light- Green). It is a well known timber and resin yielding tree. Wood exudes oleoresin which yields rosin and turpentine oil having important role in commercial industry. So, the present study was focused on the identification of superior phenotypes possessing higher quality resin yield from two morphotypes of P. roxburghii of Himachal Pradesh. Trees were selected from different areas of Himachal Pradesh with varying latitude and altitude and were tapped for one month. Needle from the same trees were collected, washed and used for section cutting to determine resin ducts. The needle colour, altitude and latitude had significant influence on these parameter. Results showed that the Dharamshala latitudinal cline -32° to 33° N (L₃) has recorded maximum resin yield (544.439g) whereas Kullu - Mandi latitudinal cline -31° to 32° N (L₂) observed minimum resin yield (312.795g) and the highly significant resin ducts (4.622) was found in Dharamshala latitudinal cline -32° to 33° N (L₃) whereas minimum resin ducts (2.317) was observed in Solan latitudinal cline -30° to 31° N (L₁).

25 ref

020505   Arul Pamila U;Karpagam S (Botany Dep, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Chennai-600 004, Email: pamilastalin2004@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial activity of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. nicholson and its phytochemical contents. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(6), 2594-9.

The present investigation evaluates preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. nicholson an edible green medicinal herb tested against various Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. The plants were evaluated against two Gram positive bacterial species such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis; two Gram negative bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae; and fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans were tested. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed with ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. nicholson that showed the alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, diterpenes, tannin, terpenoids, steroid, oxalate, anthocyanin, leucoanthocyanin, Xanthoprotein, coumarin and glycosides in the ethanol extract. The ethanol extract showed higher phytoconstituents when compared to the other extracts. The extracts were compared with standards like Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. The extracts showed greatest antimicrobial activity as measured from the zone of inhibition and results were comparable with that of standard drugs against the organism tested. In conclusion, plant extract of A. bettzickiana showed remarkable antimicrobial activity due to the phytochemicals present in them.

2 illus, 6 tables, 30 ref

019510   Wahla V;Shukla S (Microbiology Dep, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Email: shruti.shukla34@gmail.com) : Isolation of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from rhizosphere of sugarcane. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 75-8.

The rhizospheric soil of - 67 - sugarcane was investigated for the study of phosphate solubilization by bacteria and fungi. In the present study the number of microorganism were isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane. Among this six microorganisms viz. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Arthrobacter, Penicillium and Mucor solubilize the inorganic phosphate. From the study it was observed that fungi viz.Penicillium and Mucor have more solubilizing activity than bacteria both quantitatively and qualitatively. Hence the application of biofertilizer prepared by above mention bacteria and fungi should be helpful to increase the amount of phosphate into the soil because these microoeganisms release acid in very minut quantity in phosphate solubilization.

4 tables, 9 ref

019509   Vishnoi R;Rajwar G S;Vishnoi V K;Upreti J (Botany Dep, Chinmaya Degree College, BHEL, Ranipur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, Email: dr.ritu.vishnoi@gmail.com) : Cultivation of Cassia fistula, a medicinal plant under different conditions of soil. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 61-9.

The experiments were conducted to observe the effect of different soil and sand ratios on the growth of cassia fistula. Three different ratios of sand and soil viz; 60:40(sand: soil), 80:20(sand: soil) and 100:00(without adding sand) were taken for the cultivation and the growth was observed every month. Different growth parameters were also taken for calculating the difference among all the plants under different soil conditions as well as under different weather conditions. Different soil nutrients percentage was also calculated to find out the best nutrients requirement for cassia fistula.After observing the experiments it was concluded that the ratio 60:40 was most suitable soil condition for the growth of Cassia fistula.

6 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

019508   Verma R K (NO, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati Shimla-171 013, Email: vermaraj@icfre.org) : Floristic diversity along an altitudinal gradient in Lakadmandi beat of Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary of district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 101-10.

A study was conducted to understand the floristic diversity along an altitudinal gradient with elevations varying from 1800-2400m above msl in Lakadmandi beat of Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary in district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh during 2011. Total number of plant species was 81 belonging to 52 families and 76 genera. The dominant families were Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Pinaceae and Polygonaceae. The number of trees species was 6, 6 and 10 with the dominance of Quercus leucotrichophora, Cedrus deodara and Cedrus deodara at 1800-2000m, 2000-2200m and 2200-2400m elevation ranges respectively. The number of shrub species was 16, 13 and 23 with the dominance of Quercus leucotrichophora sapling, Sarcococca saligna and Sarcococca saligna at 1800-2000m, 2000-2200m and 2200-2400m elevations respectively. The number of herb species was 46, 46 and 58 at 1800-2000m, 2000-2200m and 2200-2400m elevation ranges respectively. On the basis of Importance Value Index (IVI), Valeriana jatamansii was the dominant herb at 2000-2200m and 2200-2400m elevation ranges respectively. The distribution pattern of most of plant species was contiguous at all altitudinal ranges. Index of diversity for herb species in these elevational ranges was 3.420, 3.568 and 3.250. Out of 40 medicinal plant species recorded from the area, 3 species i.e. Paris polyphylla, Podophyllum hexandrum and Taxus wallichiana fall in the category of threatened plants. The better conservation of natural resources can be done through promotion of community based conservation, ex-situ conservation through tissue culture, developing cultivation technologies and nurseries of medicinal plants and conducting of regular training on the procedure of medicinal plants collection and processing among the end users.

10 tables, 14 ref

019507   Tripathi D;Benniamin A;Jesubalan D (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, 7, Koregaon Road, Pune-411 001, Email: fernsbenni@gmail.com) : New record of endemic fern: Elaphoglossum stigmatolepis (Fee) T. moore (Lomariopsidaceae) for the state of Karnataka, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 165-6.

Elaphoglossum stigmatolepis is reported as new to here from the state of Karnataka, India.

2 illus, 9 ref

019506   Thiribhuvanamala G;Kalaiselvi G;Parthasarathy S;Madhavan S;Prakasam V (Plant Pathology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: ragumala2000@gmail.com) : Extracellular secretion of lignocellulolytic enzymes by diverse white rot basidiomycetes fungi. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 20-9.

Rich source of biota includes several white rot fungi, were reported in Western Ghats regions of Tamil Nadu, India. The effective identification of white rot fungi and their lignocellulolytic enzymes play a crucial role for degradation of agricultural and industrial wastes to maintain sustainable ecosystem. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the secretion of lignocellulolytic enzymes of diverse white rot fungi, collected from Western Ghats regions of Tamil Nadu, comprising of Kotagiri and Ooty of the Nilgiri district, Siruvani and Anaikati of Coimbatore district. A total of 16 white rot fungi belonging to 6 genera, viz., Pleurotus spp., Lentinus spp., Ganoderma spp., Trametes spp., Pycnoporus spp. and Schizophyllum spp. were collected and identified through morphological and molecular methods. The activity of cellulase enzyme was prominently visible in Pleurotus pulmonarius, P. sajar-caju, Pycnoporus sanguineus, P. ostreatus, Ganoderma gibbosum and Schizophyllum commune and hemicellulolytic activity was maximum in Trametes ijubarskii, Lentinus crinitus, P. sanguineus and G. gibbosum. The quantitative and qualitative screening for major lignolytic enzymes, viz., laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) revealed significant levels of Lac secretion when compared to LiP and MnP by P. pulmonarius, P. sajar-caju and Schizophyllum commune. The syringaldazine well test further confirmed the secretion of laccase as major enzyme followed by LiP and MnP. Also the Lac and LiP activity was maximum at pH of 4.5 and MnP activity at pH of 5.0 by P. pulmonarius, P. sajar caju and S. commune. Temperature of 30°C induced maximum secretion of Lac, LiP and MnP by these three fungi. A significant level of Lac was observed on 4th day after inoculation while LiP and MnP was maximum on 7th and 8th day for P. pulmonarius and P. sajar-caju. Whereas, S. commune secreted significant levels of Lac on 10th to 11th day, while LiP and MnP on 6th and 7th day. This study paves the way for use of P. pulmonarius, P. sajar-caju and S. commune for biodegradation and bioconversion of agrowastes.

5 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

019505   Suman Bala;Jitender Kumar (Botany and Plant Physiology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: sumanmalika14@gmail.com) : Studies on biochemical constituents of sapota (Manilkara zapota L.) at different stages of ripening during storage. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(4), 2255-60.

Sapota fruits (Var. Cricket Ball) of three different ripening stages i.e. mature(≥ 13 kg/cm²), half ripe (6-7 kg/cm²), and full ripe (2-3 kg/cm²), were packed with newspaper soaked with 3 dosages (1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm) of ethylene absorbent (KMnO₄) along with control and stored at normal room temperature by packing in cardboard boxes. It was observed that specific gravity, ascorbic acid and total phenols decreased whereas cumulative loss in weight and malondialdehyde content increased with increasing period of storage. Fruits packed in different concentrations of KMnO₄ soaked paper had less cumulative loss and retained more content of specific gravity, ascorbic acid and total phenols in all three stages. But less - 65 - malondialdehyde content was observed. The effect of KMnO₄ increased with increasing concentrations of KMnO₄ in all three stages. As a result, more desirable content was noted in fruits packed with 3000 ppm concentration of KMnO₄in mature fruits. This work relates to enhancement of shelf life of sapote so that it may be transported to far off places.

4 tables, 34 ref

019504   Sultan P;Rasool S;Hassan Q P (Microbial Biotechology Div, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar-190 005, Email: qphassan@iiim.ac.in) : Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. a plant of diverse pharmacological potential. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 63-7.

Amongst many useful herbs, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. is considered a bitter drug, used in treating liver disorders since antiquity. A bitter extract of P. kurroa, rich in iridoid glycosides has hepatoprotective, anticholestatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune modulating activities. In an effort to explore possibilities for future use of some useful herbal formulations, often some important herbs are ignored, one such plant is P. kurroa. Thus, an effort has been made in reviewing the available literature about the plant in the most common texts which would provide an insight for the use of this herb against various diseases like disorders of the liver, upper respiratory tract and more recently against hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia mostly contributes to the prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases and treatment of these diseases using herbal formulations is cheap and easily available. The possible mechanism suggested and proposed for this hypothesis demonstrates that P. kurroa improves gall bladder secretions, thus helping in the digestion and metabolism of fats and it thus becomes very effective in regulating fat metabolism in the liver.

2 illus, 22 ref

019503   Srivastava A;Srivastava S K;Dangwal L R (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, 192, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun-248 195, Email: vaishnavjan.om@gmail.com) : Pittosporum eriocarpum Royle (Pittosporaceae): an endemic, endangered species of North-West Himalaya facing threat. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 169-72.

The paper deals with the present distribution and conservation status with possible conservation measures of Pittosporum eriocarpum, an endangered and endemic tree species of Shiwaliks in Uttarakhand.

6 illus, 16 ref

019502   Srivastava A K;Kaushik D;Shrivastava A K;Lal V K (NO, Agra Public Pharmacy College, Agra-282 007, Email: anuj_pharmacognosy@rediffmail.com) : Nephroprotective ethno-medicinal action of selected indian medicinal plants. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(2), 44-54.

Medicinal plants may serve as a vital source of potentially advantageous new compounds for the development of effective therapy to action an array of kidney problems. Abounding herbs accept been accurate to be accomplishing as nephroprotective agents while abounding added are claimed to be nephroprotective but there is abridgement of any such accurate affirmation to abutment such claims. Developing a satisfactory herbal therapy to treat serve renal disorders requires systematic investigation of backdrop like acute renal failure, nephritic syndrome and chronic interstitial nephritis. Herbal medicines acquire alleviative backdrop due to the presence of their chemical components. An amount of extracts of accustomed articles and comestible antioxidants accept been appear to appearance careful furnishings adjoin nephrotoxicity. Following herbal drugs accept apparent their almighty nephroprotective aftereffect due their - 64 - antioxidant, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic properties. The present review is aimed to elucidate the list of nephroprotective medicinal plants, which are scientifically proved in treating renal disorders.

^iia5 illus, 2 tables, 109 ref

019501   Singh P;Singh K P (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, 10-Chatham Lines, Allahabad-211 002, Email: krishna.p.singh@gmail.com) : Three new records of lichens in the family graphidoid graphidaceae for India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 147-9.

Three species, Diorygma microspprum M. Caceres & Lucking; Fissurina aggregatula Common & Lucking from the state of Sikkim and Graphis consanguinea (Milll. Arg.) Lucking, from Tamil Nadu state are reported as new records to Indian lichen biota. These are described and illustrated to facilitate their identification.

1 illus, 9 ref

019500   Sharma S;Kholia B S;Brijesh Kumar;Joshi P (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun-248 195, Email: bskholiabsi@gmail.com) : Addition to pteridophytic flora of Mizoram. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 175-8.

In present communication, based on the collection of one of the author (SS), six hitherto unreported species of pteridophytes viz. Pyrrosia costata (Wall. ex C. Presl) Tagawa & K. Iwats., Pyrrosia porosa (C. Presl) Hovenk., Selliguea oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Fraser-Jenk., Pteris scabririgens Fraser-Jenk., S.C. Verma & T.G. Walker, Pteris semipinnata L. and Dryopteris pulvinulifera (Bedd.) Kuntze,) are being reported here for the first time from Mizoram state of India.

1 illus, 18 ref

019499   Sharma B G;Mammen D;Albert S (Botany Dep, Faculty of Science, The M.S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002, Email: drsusyalbert@rediffmail.com) : Assessment of mangiferin in thirty varieties of Mangifera indica L. (anacardiaceae). Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(5), .

Mangiferin content in aqueous extracts of 30 varieties of Mangifera indica leaves collected from Gujarat state of Western India has been estimated during the course of this study, using a simple reverse phase HPLC-DAD analysis method. The proposed method has been validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy, intraday and interday precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The calibration graph was found to be linear over a concentration range of 20-120 μg/mL, with a regression coefficient of 0.9943. Determination of accuracy by standard addition method at three different concentration levels returned a mean recovery value of 97.64%. Average intraday and interday precision values were found to be less than 2%.

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

019498   Sharesth Kumari;Mehta J P;Shafi S;Dhiman P (Botany and Microbiology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Email: sharesthbaldotra24@gmail.com) : Phytosociological analysis of woody vegetation under burnt and unburnt oak dominated forest of Pauri, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 99-106.

The present study was carried out in oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) dominated forest of Pauri. Two permanent plots were selected of which one was BPS and other was UBPS. The vegetational data were analysed for both the sites i.e., floristic composition, density, basal cover, A/F, Shannon Wiener index and Simpson's index of dominance (cd). A total of 6-8 trees species and 24-26 shrub species were found on both BPS and UBPS. BPS showed maximum density than UBPS. Contagious pattern of distribution was common. This paper represents a close association among man, fire and forest ecosystem.

3 tables, 40 ref

019497   Sandeep Kaur;Gupta N (Botany Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 001, Email: sandeepbajwal1994@gmail.com) : Effect of proline and salicylic acid on germination and antioxidant enzymes at different tempertures in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(4), 2165-9.

Effect of different seed treatments hydration, warm water, proline (10mM and 20mM) and salicylic acid (0.1mM and 0.5mM) was investigated on percent germination and activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) at different temperatures in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds. It was observed that lower temperature (20°C) had decreased seed germination and activity of various anti-oxidant enzymes. Various seed treatments increased percent germination and activity of these enzymes as com-pared to control at both the temperatures. Proline 20mM (96.6) and SA 0.1mM (91.6) showed better results as com-pared to proline 10mM (95.0) and salicylic acid 0.5mM (86.6) respectively. Thus, proline and salicylic acid play an ameliorating role on low temperature stress by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging the free radicals.

2 tables, 40 ref

019496   Rawat D S;Ballabha R;Suri S;Tiwari J K;Tiwari P (Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India Howrah, West Bengal, Email: dsrwt7@gmail.com) : Phytorestoration in the debris dumping sites of a hydroelectric power project: a case study from Srinagar (Garhwal), Western Himalaya, India. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 189-97.

The plant propagules migrate into denuded or conditionally created habitats by variety of means and grow, capable species establishes their population successfully and rest abolish. The present study was aimed to identify potential species in such habitats by evaluating naturalized community in conditionally crated habitats i.e. debris dumping sites of a hydroelectric power project in Western Himalayas, India for phytoretoration (eco-restoration) purpose. The data on phytosociological attributes of herbaceous community was collected - 62 - from both debris dumping area (D) and undumped natural area (N) in the fringe, by quadrat method (1 x 1 m dimension). A total of 54 species from debris dumping sites and 128 species from undumped natural area (N) are recorded in this study. The invasive alien species predominates at dumping sites which covered 37% of the species richness, 50.99% of density, 76.67% of basal cover and 63.15% of dominance (IVI). Thus, invasive species are opportunistic in the process of phytorestoration in degraded habitats, which may not be beneficial for the better functioning of ecosystem but some of them can be considered as potential preliminary soil binder at such cases (dumping area). The development agencies must have an eco-restoration plan for such dumping zones which magnetized the encroachments of invasive alien species and play a pivotal role in degrading the natural ecosystem.

4 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

019495   Rautela R;Rawat S;Rawat R;Verma P;Bhatt A B (Botany and Microbiology Dep, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal Univ, Srinagar, Email: rachna.122@rediffmail.com) : Microbial diversity of Gumki cave and their potential role in enzyme production. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 115-22.

The work presents microbial community structure of Gumki cave for bioactive compound production. This cave represents a unique atmosphere which is totally different from outer atmosphere. Total 49 isolates were recovered from cave samples. Morphological and biochemical characterization revealed a community that contains nine genera of bacteria: Bacillus (27%), Paenibacillus (21%), Staphylococcus (20%), Streptococcus (16%), Salimicrobium (8%), Lysisnibacillus (2%), Aeromonas (2%), Proteus (2%) and Clostridium (2%). All these microbes were screened for different enzyme production and about 90% isolates displayed positive results for these enzymes. 75.51% recovered isolates were lipase producers, 47% were producing amylase and 24% and 12% bacteria produced protease and cellulase, respectively.

4 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

019494   Rameshkumar K B;Nandu T G;Aravind A P A; Mathew S P;Shiburaj S (Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Div, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Email: kbrtbgri@gmail.com) : Chemical composition and FtsZ GTPase inhibiting activity of the essential oil of Piper sarmentosum for Andaman islands, India. J essential Oil Res 2017, 29(5), 430-5.

Chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves, fruits and roots of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) growing wild in Andaman Islands, India was investigated by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C-NMR). The phenyl propanoid myristicin was identified as the major compound comprising 83.4% in the leaf oil, 84.2% in the fruit oil and 81.2% in the root oil. The sesquiterpenoid β-caryophyllene was present in all the oils, 4.2% in the leaves, 5.7% in the fruits and 4.0% in the roots oil. The major constituent myristicin was isolated and structure was further confirmed by ¹³C-NMR analysis. The antimicrobial efficacy of myristicin was evaluated by both in vitro and in silico FtsZ inhibition studies. The in vitro assay showed 13.0% FtsZ inhibition by 200-μM myristicin and the molecular docking simulation supported the activity of myristicin.

3 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

019493   Padmanabhan S A;Wyson J W;Marimuthu S; Saravanan P;Anand D (Botany Post Graduate & Research Dep, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai-600 004, Email: anandesingh@yahoo.co.in) : Isolation of endophytic bacteria, bioactive compounds and its antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus Type - 1. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(3), 113-7.

Microbial community has been a major part in the drug industry. They are known for their effectiveness and do not cause any undesirable effects. Exploitation of bacteria could be fruitful for mankind. Bacteria play a major role in producing useful bioactive compounds. HSV-1 infection causes 80% of oral lesions. A majority of the population is infected by at least one herpes subtype of HSV-1 before adulthood. The infection in some cases does not produce any symptoms. Drugs for HSV-1 are becoming suppressive. In the present study, isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out from medicinal plant. A grown bacterium was identified and confirmed using molecular 16S rRNA sequencing followed by extraction of bioactive compounds using solvents. Twelve bioactive compounds were then investigated for in vitro cytotoxicity assay and in vitro antiviral assay. Chloroform extract was found to be effective in inhibiting the virus.

4 tables, 20 ref

019492   Naik M C;Kailas J G;Ramakrishna H;Rao B R P (Biodiversity Conservation Div, Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapuramu-515 003, Email: biodiversityravi@gmail.com) : Palynodiversity in the climbers of Andaman islands, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 125-31.

The present investigation deals with the study of pollen diversity of forty one climbers of forests in South Andaman Island. These 41 taxa belong to diversified families viz. Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Capparaceae, Combretaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Passifloraceae, Polygonaceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae. The pollen of these taxaare diversified in morphological characters viz., symmetry, shape, polarity, apertural pattern and ornamentation.

4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

019491   Mohan C;et al. (Botany Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: prathi56@yahoo.com) : Phytochemical studies of the endangered tree, Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 76-82.

Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde. is an endangered medicinal tree that has immense medicinal importance. Six accessions of S. asoca were analyzed for phytochemicals to identify the accessions with the highest content of medicinal compounds and to characterize two pharmaceutically important compounds. The chloroform and ethanol extracts of bark and the ethanol and chloroform extracts of flowers of the accessions were qualitatively tested for secondary metabolites. Total phenolics and flavonoids were also estimated to select the accessions with the highest content, which was further investigated by a sensitive and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the pharmacologically important quercetin and catechin. The accession, Sa-O, identified based on the results of phytochemical analysis incidentally is the fifty-year-old ornamental tree on the University campus, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

4 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

019490   Mishra S;Vivek C P;Singh L J (Botanical Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744 102) : Courtoisina cyperoides (Roxb.) sojak (Cyperaceae): a new distributional record for Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 159-60.

Courtoisina cyperoides (Roxb.) sojak is reported for - 60 - the first time from Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

1 illus, 6 ref

019489   Krishna G;Anant Kumar;Lakshminarasimhan P; Anand Kumar (Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 103, Email: gopal_bsi@yahoo.co.in) : Distributional note on Fernandoa adenophylla (Wall. ex. G.Don) steenis (Bignoniaceae). Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 173-4.

During the botanical exploration tour to Aurangabad and Nawada districts of Bihar in 2014-15, authors collected Fernandoa adenophylla (Wall. ex G.Don) Steenis (Bignoniaceae), a species not recorded from Bihar so far. The present collection is reported as new generic record from Bihar as naturalised. Detailed morphological description, habitat and distribution in India are presented here.

1 illus, 7 ref

019488   Kishor K;Pangtey Y P S (Botany Dep, Kumaun Univ, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital-263 001, Email: yspangtey@gmail.com) : Two additional orchids for the flora of Nainital. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 201-2.

Calanthe tricarinata Lindl. and Habenaria furcifera Lindl. are being reported as additions to the flora of Nainital.

9 ref

019487   Kavitha D;Sudhakar P;Reddy P R (Botany Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: kavitha.duggi@gmail.com) : Phytochemical studies on the roots of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ecotypes. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 83-7.

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. (Syn: Periploca indica L.) belongs to the family, Asclepiadaceae. It is also known as "Indian Sarsaparilla" and is widely recognized in traditional systems of medicine. Ecotypes of H. indicus are showing the significant morphological variation and collected from different type of soil conditions. Phytochemical studies like preliminary phytochemical analysis of root extracts of ecotypes have not shown variation. HPLC chromatograms of root methanol extracts in ecotypes have showed the variation in number of peaks and results were compared with standard 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde. All the seven ecotypes showed the presence of major compound, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde and its concentration is more in Type-6 (7.80 μg/mg) and less in Type-3 (2.02 μg/mg). This study identified the ecotypes with high secondary metabolite which can help herbal drug manufacturers in identification to correct raw material.

9 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

019486   Joseph S;Sinha G P;Ram T A M J (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, 10-Chatham Lines, Allahabad-211 002, Email: drgpsinha@gmail.com) : Lithographa Nyl. (lichenized ascomycota), a new generic record for India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 155-7.

Lithographa olivacea Fryday, a lichenized fungus is reported as new generic as well as specific record lor India, based on the collections made from Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal. The species is characterized by its saxicolous habit, lirellate ascomata, and simple or submuriform hyaline ascospores. A detailed description and figures are provided to facilitate its identification.

2 illus, 8 ref

019485   Jalal J S;Jayanthi J (Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune-411 001, Email: jeewansinghjalal@rediffmail.com) : Vanda wightii Rchb. f. (orchidaceae): a new record for Goa. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 161-3.

Vanda wightii Rchb.f., a rare epiphytic orchid known as Wight's Vanda is reported as new distributional record for Goa.

1 illus, 10 ref

019484   Dubey R (Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune-411 001, Email: dr.rashmidubey@gmail.com) : Diversity of microfungi of North Western Ghats, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 137-45.

The Western Ghats of India represents some of the best non-equatorial, tropical evergreen forests in the world. It is a UNESCO world Heritage site and is one of the eight hottest hotspots biodiversity in the world. Survey conducted in different regions of North Western Ghats regions revealed various fascinating fungi on important plants and it yielded many new species and new records. Therefore the objective of this paper is to highlight the diversity of microfungi along with some new records bestowed in North Western Ghats of India.

6 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

019483   Chaukiyal S P;Vandana;Uniyal P (Plant Physiology Discipline. Botany Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248 006, Email: chaukiyalsp@icfre.org) : Standardization of suitable substrate and buffer solutions for optimum in-vivo nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of Sesbania rostrata Bremek. and Oberm.. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 121-4.

Sesbania rostrata Bremek. and Oberm. is a multipurpose and exceptionally fast growing nitrogen fixing plant. In this study a protocol for the standardization of in-vivo nitrate reductase (NR) assay with respect to substrate concentrations along with buffer pH and concentrations was carried out in the leaves of S. rostrata. Different substrate (KNO₃) concentration ( i.e. 0.025M, 0.05M, 0.1OM, 0.15M, 0.20M ) were tried against phosphate buffer (KH₂PO₄) solutions with different pH (6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8 ). Maximum leaf in-vivo nitrate reductase activity was observed in 0.10 M phosphate buffer (KH₂PO₄) concentration of pH 7.5 with 0.15M substrate (KNO₃) concentration.

2 tables, 34 ref

019482   Chakrabarty T (NO, , 4, Botanic Garden Lane, Howrah-711 103, Email: tchakrab@gmail.com) : Revision of the Genus Lindera Thunb. (Lauraceae) for India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 183-95.

A revision of the genus Lindera Thunb. is presented for India, with 12 species. L. doniana C.K. Allen and L. wardii C.K.Allen are reduced to synonymy.

10 illus, 5 ref

019481   Biswa S;Lakshminarashimhan P;Lokho A (Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 103, Email: shyambiswabsi@gmail.com) : New locality for Malva parviflora var. microcarpa (Pers.) loscos (Malvaceae). Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 197-9.

Malva parviflora L. var. microcarpa (Pers.) Loscos, a Mediterranean taxon hitherto known to occur in Rajasthan and West Bengal, is reported here from Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand.

2 illus, 11 ref

019480   Bindu B B V;Srinath M;Shailaja A;Giri C C (Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: giriccin@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative protein profile studies and in silico structural/functional analysis of HMGR (ApHMGR) in Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex nees. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 30-44.

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (Ap) contains andrographolide, i.e., synthesized via cytosolic MVA and plastidial MEP pathways using IPP and DMAPP as precursor molecules. HMGR catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in MVA pathway. Limited information is available on structural and functional aspects of key enzyme HMGR. In a preliminary study, the in vivo leaves and light/dark grown callus was used for protein profile analysis. The callus growth and andrographolide content through HPLC analysis was carried out. SDS-PAGE total protein profile of in vivo leaves, light, and dark grown callus was investigated. A high intensity band of 62.3 KD protein indicating its proximity with HMGR enzyme was observed in leaves and light callus compared to dark grown callus. On this background, the present communication reports bioinformatics analysis of HMGR enzyme to decipher its functional and structural properties. The isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight and hydrophobicity were calculated using Expasy tools. The secondary (2D) and tertiary (3D) structures were predicted and validated using PROCHECK SAVES algorithm. Our finding on the allowed percentage (88.2%) of amino acid residues in the Ramachandran plot indicated that the simulated 3D structure was reliable. Phylogenetic analysis of A. paniculata HMGR (ApHMGR) with different plants and other organisms including humans revealed close relationships and common lineage. The protein-protein interaction studies using STRING 10 tool revealed a close association of HMGR and nine other proteins in MVA and MEP pathways. The present analyzed data will give an insight on the structural and function attributes corresponding to this important HMGR protein. The molecular and biochemical understanding of HMGR protein will be advantageous for andrographolide yield enhancement through metabolic engineering.

24 illus, 5 tables, 62 ref

019479   Babu A;Noor Mohamed S M;Jaikumar K;Anand D; Saravanan P (Botany Dep, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Mylapore, Chennai-600 004, Email: sarviveka@gmail.com) : In vitro anti-helicobacter pylori activity of GC-MS analysis of Enicostemma axillare (Lam). Raynal. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(3), 100-4.

Traditional healers possess a rich knowledge on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. Enicostemma axillare (Lam). Raynal is one plant, used by healer to treat gastric cancer or ulceration. We assessed the phytochemical components of leaf extract for its antibacterial activity, to add value and provide an evidence-base for their traditional use. The antibacterial potential of the leaf extract was tested against Helicobacter pylori using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract exhibited the (MIC) against H. pylori ranged from 200μg/ml - 250μg/ml followed by chloroform extract. Gas chromatography and mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis confirms the occurrence of different components in the ethanol and chloroform leaf extract of the studied species.

3 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

019478   Asif N;Mall T P (Botany Dep, Kisan PG College, Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, Email: asifnashat@gmail.com) : Evaluation of maize genotypes for immunity against banded leaf and sheath blight disease. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 187-8.

Twenty-eight genotypes of maize were screened against Banded Leaf and Sheath blight disease of maize.Four accessions were found resistant viz.,Pragati,KH-94,Proagro-4212,MH117, three were found highly susceptible viz., Amar, Sweety, Suguna and remaining twenty one were found susceptible. None were found highly resistant.

1 table, 9 ref

019477   Asif N;Mall T P (Botany Dep, Kisan PG College, Bahraich (Uttar Pradesh), Email: asifnashat@gmail.com) : Leaf blight of Iris domestica: a new report from Bahraich (U.P.). Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(3), 167-8.

Leopard Lily, Iris domestica (L.)DC is a species of Iris family Iridaceae.It is very popular and commonly used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as sore throat, tonsillitis, bronchitis, malaria, cough, asthma and acute hepatitis.Plants were found suffering from some foliar blight disease.Disease starts from tip of leaf and gradually increases to cover entire leaf.Later leaves appear burnt and turn brown and disintegrate. Isolation from diseased portion yielded Fusarium oxysporium (schl.).Pathogenecity test was done to prove Koch's postulates.Search of available literature reveals that it is the first report from Bahriach (U.P.). The infected sample was submitted in Tropical Forest Research Insitute, M.P. and the assign no. is TF3848 (Holotype), BRH-1610;NA.0104 (Isotype).

^ccr4 ref

019476   Antony R;Mohanan N;Koshy C P (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695 562, Email: rajuantonybgri@rediffmail.com) : Note on the distribution of Cheilanthes thwaitesii Mett. ex Kuhn (Pteridophyta: Pteridaceae), a critically endangered fern. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 167-8.

Cheilanthes thwaitesii Mett. ex Kuhn, a critically endangered fern, hitherto reported from Tamil Nadu only is first time reported from Kerala.

1 illus, 3 ref

019475   Annamma P S;Venu P;Rao Y V (Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: anna87shine@gmail.com) : New variety of Justicia quinqueangularis from Kawal Tiger Reserve, Telangana, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 179-82.

A new variety of Justicia quinqueangularis K.D. Koenig ex Roxb. (Acanthaceae), from the Kawal Tiger Reserve of Telangana, (India) is presented with a detailed description and a photo plate.

2 illus, 3 ref

019474   Ambrish Kumar;Srivastava S K (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun-248 195, Email: ambrishbsi@yahoo.co.in) : Girardinia diversfolia - 56 - (Link) Friis subsp. suborbiculata (C. J. chen) C. J. Chen & Friis (urticaceae): a new record of India. Indian J For 2016, 39(2), 151-3.

Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis subsp. suborbiculata (C.J. Chen) C. J. Chen & Friis, so far known from China and South Korea is reported for the first time from Garhwal region, Uttarakhand, as a new record to Indian flora.

1 illus, 12 ref

018571   Wuillda A C J S;Trovo M;Martins R C C (Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Metabolismo Especial, Institute of Natural Products Research, HSS-20, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, - 78 - Brazil, Email: roberto.rcc@gmail.com) : Chemical profiling by GC/MS analysis of non-polar extracts of Eryngium glaziovianum (apiaceae). Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2016, 8(6), 291-4.

GC/MS was used as a tool to achieve the chemical profiling of n-hexane extracts from flowers, leaves and stems of plant species Eryngium glaziovianum L. (Apiaceae), an ornamental plant commonly found in several states of Brazil. Gas chromatograms and mass spectra of the constituents of the extracts showed significant differences among the profiles and revealed the presence of the biologically active sesquiterpene b-eudesmol and steroids g-sitosterol and sitostenone as major constituents of flowers, leaves and stems, respectively. These data allow classifying this plant as a source for further isolation of these biologically important substances.

3 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

018570   Wani A S;Hayat S;Ahmad A;Tahir I (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Lab, Botany Dep, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar-190 006, Email: hayat_68@yahoo.co.in) : Efficacy of brassinosteroid analogues in the mitigation of toxic effects of salt stress in Brassica juncea plants. J envir Biol 2017, 38(1), 27-36.

Brassinosteroids have been recognized as sixth class of phytohormones which have the ability to confer tolerance against salinity stress. Brassinosteroids were applied through foliar spray on mustard plant under natural condition, as well as under stress. Analogues of Brassinosteroids (28-homobrassinolide, 24-epibrassinolide) were applied to the foliage of non-stressed and salinity stressed mustard plant under natural condition. Brassinosteroids neutralized the ill effect generated by NaCl. Presence of NaCl in soil significantly decreased most of parameters. The results showed that the presence of NaCl in soil significantly decreased most of the parameters in concentration dependent manner. Whereas, out of the two brassinosteroid analogues, 24-epibrassinolide excelled over 28-homobrassinolide and neutralized the ill effects generated by NaCl. It can be inferred from the observations that brassinosteroids (in particular 24-epibrassinolide) can be used as an effective tool in the amelioration of salt stress.

5 illus, 48 ref

018569   Wang R L;Yan W B;Quan G M;Liu S W;Zhang J E (Key Lab of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment,, Guangzhou 510642, China, Email: jeanzh@scau.edu.cn) : Effects of light intensity on morphology and physiology of exotic invasive Bidens pilosa L. and non-invasive congener Bidens bipinnata L.. Allelopathy J 2017, 42(1), 157-67.

Authors compared the ability of physiological and morphological adaptations of the invasive Bidens pilosa L. and the native Bidens bipinnata L. under different light intensities (LI). The morphological and physiological characteristics of the invasive B. pilosa were compared with B. bipinnata at 3-Light intensities (Control (100% full sunlight), 40% full sunlight and 10% full sunlight) for 64 days. Decreased LI significantly decreased the germination and root and shoot biomasses but significantly increased the leaf biomass of both plant species. Under the same LI the invasive species B. pilosa higher leaf mass ratio (LMR), total leaf area (LA), relative growth rate (RGR), maximum net photosynthesis rate (P_max), light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration (R_d) and lower root mass ratio (RMR), stem mass ratio (SMR) and root mass/crown mass (R/C) than in B. bipinnata. Decrease in LI significantly reduced the photosynthesis efficiency of the non-invasive B. bipinnata compared with the invasive B. pilosa. The higher photosynthetic response of B. pilosa to variable lighting conditions also indicated its better competitive ability. Our results provide key information concerning the effects of light intensity on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of B. pilosa and B. bipinnata and indicated that former exhibits greater physiological and morphological adaptation to different light intensities, which facilitates its further invasion.

4 illus, 37 ref

018568   Vibhasa;Sahney M;Tripathi S N (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: msahney.au@gmail.com) : Wood anatomy of Rumex hastatus D. Don (Polygonaceae). Phytomorphology 2016, 66(3-4), 123-6.

Wood anatomy of Rumex hastatus has been investigated to compare the anatomical features of stem and root wood. Vessels are wider and their frequency is lower in roots compared to stems. Similarly, fibres and fibre tracheids of root wood are longer and wider as compared to those of stem wood, and ray parenchyma is more extensive in root wood compared to stem wood.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

018567   Ullah I;Rehman H U;Ahmad N (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Health Science Hazara Univ, Mansehra, Pakistan) : Analysis of nutrients and minerals of some wild edible plants from south waziristan agency, Pakistan. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 35-9.

This study was carried out to assess the nutritional and mineral composition of selected vegetables, which are commonly used as food in Pakistan. Amaranthus thunbergii, Caralluma edulis, Allium astrosanguineum, Rumex patientia and Portulacca olaracea were collected from the arid region of South Waziristan Agency (FATA), Pakistan and subjected to nutrient analysis.Nutrient analysis (total proteins, fats, carbohydrates, ash, energy value and moisture contents) of vegetable species were determined according to AOAC methods. Minerals viz. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) elements were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method. The range of crude protein, fat, Ash, Moisture (dry matter), Carbohydrate and fiber was observed in the range of 17.18-24.44%, 5.98-6.84%, 22.45-30.53%, 3.19-5.32%, 18-34.7% and 9.8 17.11%respectively. The level of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg and Mn was in the same 2.31-5.84 μg/100g, 0.062-0.694 μg/100g, 0.55-0.936 μg/100g, 5.296-11.63 μg/100g, 5.162-5.74 μg/100g and 0.86-1.91 μg/100g respectively. The results indicate that all these vegetables have the potential to provide essential nutrients to the human beings. Amaranthus thunbergii, Caralluma edulis and Portulacca olaracea were found to be a good source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, hence capable of providing energy to the consumer. These species were found significantly useful in terms of mineral sources, particularly Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu and Mg.

3 tables, 34 ref

018566   Sun J F;Liao Y L;Zhang W W;Zhang H;Wang X Y; Chen J H;Huang P;Dai Z C;Du D L (Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Univ, Zhenjiang 212013, China, Email: zxsjf@ujs.edu.cn) : Allelopathic effects of Solidago canadensis L. between the leaf litter and green leaf. Allelopathy J 2017, 41(2), 189-200.

The aqueous extract of invasive Solidago canadensis L leaf has significant allelopathic effect on the coexisting native plants. To test whether S. canadensis leaf litter also had similar effects, a - 76 - pot experiment was done to study the allelopathic effects of S. Canadensis (green leaves and leaf litter) on the seedling growth of recipient specie Lactuca sativa. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the differences in the allelochemicals present in green leaf and leaf litter. In leaf litter and green leaves of S. Canadensis 27 and 34 compounds were identified, respectively. The chemical compounds and their relative contents were higher in green leaves of S. canadensis than in leaf litter. The seedling growth of L. sativa was significantly inhibited by leaf litter and green leaves, however the green leaves extract was more inhibitory than leaf litter. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and peroxidase (POD) activity of L. sativa increased with the increase in extract concentrations of green leaf and leaf litter, while catalase (CAT) activity decreased at 0.2g/g soil. This suggests that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may damage the membrane lipids, which consequently inhibited the growth of L. sativa.

5 illus, 1 table, 40 ref