023473   SINGH V, SOOD A K (Entomology Dep., CSK Himachal Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, Email: pathaniavinay1622@gmail.com) : Plant nutrition: A tool for the management of hemipteran insect-pests. Agric Rev 2017, 38(4), 260-70.

Nutrition of plants has a substantial impact on the predisposition of plants to insect-pests. Regulated and balanced crop fertilization can be helpful in altering host plant susceptibility to sucking insect-pests. Hemipteran herbivores are sensitive to alteration in host plant nutrition. Primary pest defence of plants like biochemical, physical and mechanical properties can be enhanced by balanced fertilization with plant nutrients. All plant nutrients may affect plant health but two of them namely, nitrogen and potassium play a major role. The effect of other nutrients is less frequently mentioned. Most studies revealed that generally excessive use of nitrogen decreases crop resistance to pests whereas potassium increases the same. So, the agricultural practices like excessive, injudicious and unscientific use of fertilizers can result in nutrient imbalance and finally into increased attack of insect-pests. Careful consideration of present and future information on this topic can lead to better predictive capabilities in hemipteran insect-pest management.

89 ref

022524   Zakawa N N;Channya K F;Magga B;Akesa T M (Botany Dep, Adamawa State Univ, Mubi, Adamawa, Nigeria) : Antifungal effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts of mango fruit post-harvest rot agents in yola, Adamawa state. J Pharmac Phytochem 2018, 7(1), 23-6.

A study for the rot of Mango fruit was carried out in three markets of Yola North Local Government of Adamawa State (Jimeta Modern market, Jimeta shopping complex and Jimeta old market) in April, 2015. Also the effect of crude water extracts of neem on the rot control was carried out. The following isolates Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were identified and proven through pathogenicity test to be the pathogenic. Out of a total sample size of 72 fruits (24 fruits/market) there was an average rot incidence of 33.3%. The highest pathogen incidence was in Jimeta Modern market (36.82%) while the least was in Jimeta old market (27.93%). Severity of mango fruit rot in the markets showed that Jimeta Modern Market was moderate (29.03%), Jimeta Shopping complex was also moderate (29.04%) while Jimeta Old market was high (41.93%). Control trials (invitro and invivo) on Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger had 2.71mm, 2.30mm, 0.90mm rots (invitro) respectively. The neem leaf extract was highly effective compared to control set up (P=0.0001).

3 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

022523   Verma R K;Kapoor K S (NO, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla-171 013, Email: vermaraj@icfre.org) : Assessment of vegetation along an altitudinal gradient in Khajrot beat of Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary of district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 1-8.

A study was conducted to assess the composition of vegetation along an altitudinal gradient with elevations varying from 1960-2300m above msl in Khajrot beat of Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary in district Chamba, Himachal Pradesh during 2011. Total number of plant species was 105 belonging to 60 families and 95 genera. The dominant families were Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Polygonaceae, Lamiaceae and Pinaceae. The number of tree species at 1900-2100m and 2100-2300m elevation was 14 and 10 with the dominance of Picea smithiana at both the altitudes. The number of shrub species was 23 and 19 with the dominance of Sarcococca saligna at both the elevations. The number of herb species was 61 and 54 with the dominance of Valeriana jatamansii at 1900-2100m and 2100-2300m elevation ranges respectively. The distribution pattern of most of plant species was contiguous in all the altitudinal ranges. Index of diversity for herb species in different elevation ranges was 3.301 and 3.334 out of 50 medicinal plant species recorded from the area, 3 - 101 - species i.e. Dioscorea deltoidea, Polygonatum verticillatum and Paris polyphylla fall in the category of threatened plants. The better conservation of natural resources can be done through promotion of community based conservation, ex-situ conservation through tissue culture, developing cultivation technologies and nurseries of medicinal plants and conducting of regular training on the procedure of medicinal plants collection and processing among the end users.

3 tables, 14 ref

022522   Topno S C;Sinha M R (Botany P.G. Dep, Kolhan Univ, Chaibasa, West Singhbhum, Jharkhand) : Phytochemical analysis of floral extract of three medicinal plants used by local inhabitants of west singhbhum district, Jharkhand (India) to cure skin diseases. J med Pl Stud 2018, 6(1), 27-30.

In the study floral extract of three medicinal plants viz., Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Delile, Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. And Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. with aqueous, ethanol and methanol extract were screened for qualitative phytochemical analysis. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the test of proteins, carbohydrates, phenol-tannins, flavonoides, saponin, glycosides, steroids, phlobatannins, alkaloids and terpenoides with the help of standard protocol. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of protein, carbohydrates, phenol and tannin, saponin, glycosides, steroids, alkaloids and terpenoids in extracts of flower of The results suggest that flowers of all the above mentioned plants. On the basis of presence of active phytochemical, the present paper provide justification for the use of medicinal plants by the local inhabitants of West Singhbhum district, Jharkhand (India) to cure skin diseases.

1 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

022521   Talaviya J R;Jadeja K B;Lathiya S V;Bhaliya C M (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: jrtalaviya@gmail.com) : Pathogenic variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 411-13.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is a serious disease of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini were isolated from major cumin growing districts of Gujarat state, India. The pathogenicity of 15 isolates with two inoculation rate was done. Highest disease incidence was recorded in Junagadh isolate in both inoculation rates with 100 per cent disease incidence and In the Dhangadhra isolate in 50g inoculation rate PDI was 100 per cent. Among the two incoualtion rate 50g/kg soil was gave the highest Percent Disease Intensity of 100 per cent.

1 table, 13 ref

022520   Swamy J (Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad-500 048, Email: swamy.2706@gmail.com) : Distribution of Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata (Cactaceae- Opuntioideae) in India. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 273-5.

Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth var. mamillata (A.Schott ex Engelm.) Backeb. (Cactaceae), a native of South-Central Arizona in the USA, is reported for the first time for India from Nagarjuna konda Island of Andhra Pradesh. Detailed description, photo plate and relevant notes are provided.

1 illus, 15 ref

022519   Sultana T;Majumdar S;Mitra A K (Microbiology Dep, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata-700 016, Email: drakmitra01@sxccal.edu) : Phytoremediation potential of nickel by Cyperus rotundus along with its rhizospheric fungi. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 383-9.

The interaction of Cyperus rotundus (obtained from the fields of TIFR, Mumbai) and its pathogen Dreschlera sp. was analyzed in Nickel contaminated water. Nickel is one of the most commonly found heavy metals in contaminated water and soil. The nickel phytoremediation ability of Cyperus rotundus which is maximum at 14mg/l and decreased from 16mg/l, was analysed spectrophotometrically (1.814 and 1.564 respectively at 445nm) and by atomic absorption spectroscopy, was found to be enhanced in the presence of its fungal pathogen Dreschlera sp. Infection by Dreschlera sp. spores was found to cause a rapid increase in rate of Cyperus root and shoot formation and hence increase its phytoremediation potential. This increase appeared to be more on infection of the plant with fungal spores than the fungal exotoxin. The phytoremediation potential of the plant in its place of inhabitation near nickel contaminated water bodies was analyzed and compared to that in standard ion containing Knop's solution and in ion free water. In all the cases, infection by the Dreschlera sp. spores and even by the fungal exotoxin caused a marked increase in the phytoremediation capacity of the plant (2.328 in 14mg/l nickel contaminated water in Dreschlera infected plant). Methanolic extract of the plant was screened for its total phenolic and flavonoid content which was enhanced upon infection with Dreschlera sp. The IC50 value of the Dreschlera infected plant extract was found to be more that of the uninfected plant. The variation in the antioxidant property of the infected and uninfected plant in the presence of nickel was analyzed. Results indicated that the remarkable antioxidant property in the presence of 12mg/l nickel (0.382 at 517nm) was comparable to that of Gallic acid which is a standard antioxidant (0.442 at 517nm). The MIC of the methanolic plant extract was analysed against a range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. Further, the antifungal activity of the plant extract was analyzed and it was observed that the antibacterial and antifungal property against fungal pathogens other than Dreschlera sp. appeared to be enhanced in case of Dreschlera sp. infected Cyperus samples. These truly reflect a multi-dynamic consequence of the fungal infestation in Cyperus rotundus.

1 illus, 15 tables, 9 ref

022518   Sudhakar J V;Murthy G V S (Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: jvsbsi@yahoo.com) : Extended distribution of Ficus superba (Miq.) Miq. & F. middletonii chantaras. (moraceae). Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 255-61.

Extended distribution of Ficus - 99 - superba (Miq.) Miq. to Tamil Nadu and F. middletonii Chantaras to Andhra Pradesh are reported here.

4 illus, 8 ref

022517   Srivastava A;Debta M R;Srivastava S K;Dangwal L R (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun-248 195, Email: vaishnavjan.om@gmail.com) : Catamixis baccharoides thomson (asteraceae), a new record for Himachal Pradesh. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 363-6.

The paper deals with the discovery of a new population of threatened taxa Catamixis baccharoides Thomson. The species is first time recorded from the state of Himachal Pradesh.

3 illus, 10 ref

022516   Singh S K;Shashi Kumar (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong-793 003, Email: sksbsinc@rediffmail.com) : New species of Lejeunea (Marchantiophyta) from Mizoram, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 69-75.

Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram, one of the most remote and inaccessible, protected area in India, lies at the Indo-Bangladesh border. A new species Lejeunea mizoramensis of liverwort (Marchantiophyta) was collected from this protected area and described in the present article. It distinctly differs from the related species in stem anatomy, leaf size, number of male bracts (6-8 pairs), female bract and bracteoles and perianth size. Its relation with allied species is discussed.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

022515   Singh R K (Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre TNAU Campus, Lawley Road, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: rksbsiadsingh@yahoo.co.in) : Endemic angiosperms of Goa state, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 385-99.

The endemic angiosperms of Goa state are enumerated with habit and phenology. Eight taxa are strictly endemic to Goa and remaining 349 are endemic to Western Ghats or India, but are also reported from the state.

1 illus, 21 ref

022514   Singh P;Singh K P (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad-211 002, Email: krishna.p.singh@gmail.com) : New distribution records of lichens for the state of Meghalaya, North-East India. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 245-54.

The paper reports the occurrence of 39 species of crustose and foliose lichens for the first time to the state of Meghalaya in North-East India. Porina eminentior (Nyl.) P. M. McCarthy is recorded as new to India. Distribution of each species in India and distinguishing characters are provided to facilitate their identification.

10 illus, 13 ref

022513   Singh J;Rajasekaran A;Negi A K;Panwar V P (Forest Soil and Reclamation Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, Email: vppanwar@icfre.org) : Wild edible plant diversity in Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. don forests of Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 13-20.

Wild edible plant species diversity in Pinus gerardiana forests of district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh was assessed following quadrat method using stratified random sampling. A total of 55 plant species comprising of five trees, 21 shrubs and 29 herb species have been recorded in the study area. Out of the total recorded plant species, 54.55 per cent were edible and 45.45 per cent were non-edible. Among trees, P. gerardiana was recorded with the highest density of 206.77 trees/ha, basal area of 22.43 m²/ha and IVI value of 252.81. Among edible shrubs a rarely used plant, Daphne oleoides was the most dominant species with highest density (0.21 bushes/9m²), frequency )21.23%) and IVI (71.55). In case of herbs, Thymus serphyllum had the highest density of 2.91 individuals/m², frequency (12.04%) and IVI (31.57). During the present study, it has been observed that the P. gerardiana is an important commercial tree species exploited for its edible nuts. However due to over-exploitation, grazing, habitat degradation and other biotic threats its natural regeneration is dwindling. Besides this important natural resources, other species viz., Prunus persica, Berberis aristata, Elaeagnus umbellata, Chenopodium album, Pyhtolacca acinosa etc., also have market potential, however adequate emphasis has bot been laid on their - 98 - propagation and conservation. The results also revealed that many wild species are under growing pressures from various anthropogenic factors. Therefore, it is suggested that large-scale awareness programmes on wild edible plants should be initiated and these species should be included in the forestry/rural plantation programmes. Further, propagation plan needs to be developed on important wild edible plant species and people should be encouraged to grow these wild edible plants of commercial importance which will reduce the pressure on the wild populations growing in the forest areas.

1 table, 4 tables, 59 ref

022512   Singh H;Puneet Kumar (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun-248 195, Email: puneetbotcyto@gmail.com) : A brief overview of vegetation of pangi valley: An high altitude region of Northwest Himalaya, India. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 625-30.

Preliminary survey was conducted in the Pangi Valley a high altitude region of Northwest Himalaya, India. Pangi Valley has been least studied for floristic studies except for few cytological and ethnobotanical studies. Pangi was excluded in Flora of Chamba District and there is not much information on the vegetation. With the ever increasing population and, stress on natural resources for human needs, Pangi is now headed to a road for development. This area which hold enormous potential of vast floral and faunal genetic diversity requires to be explored before it gets too late. The current attempt aims to present a general overview of the vegetation of this geographically important cold desert region of India.

1 illus, 17 ref

022511   Singh D (Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah-711 103, Email: singhdrds@rediffmail.com) : Two new records of family Lejeuneaceae (marchantiophyta) from Sikkim, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 267-72.

Two species of family Lejeuneaceae, viz. Cololejeunea subocelloides Mizut. and Drepanolejeunea laciniata Qiong He & R.L.Zhu are described for the first time in Indian bryoflora from Sikkim.

3 illus, 11 ref

022510   Shekhar M;Basu M (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: mili.78@gmail.com) : Species diversity of Glomus in the rhizosphere of sunflower. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 407-10.

Seven species of Glomus are studied on the basis of the morphological characters. The spores - 97 - were extracted from the rhizosphere of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), a common ornamental annual herb belonging to family Asteraceae. It is also cultivated as a crop for the extraction of edible oil from its seeds.

^ssc10 illus, 6 ref

022509   Sharma D;Kayang H (Microbial Ecology Lab, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill Univ, Shillong-793 022, Email: bablideepa89@gmail.com) : A comparison of two different techniques to obtain monospecific culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Int J agric biol Res 2017, 33(2), 236-45.

A study was conducted to compare two different techniques to obtain monospecific culture of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The three target AMF species used for single species culture were Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus macrocarpum and Rhizophagus intraradices. Zea mays L. was used as the host plant for the culture of all the three AMF species in both the experiments. The study revealed that mycorrhizal root colonization and spore density of all the three AMF species was higher in the first experiment than that of the second experiment.

2 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

022508   Shahid M;Joshi S P (Ecology Research Laboratory, Botany Dep, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, Email: mdshahid07@yahoo.com) : Angiospermic phytodiversity assessment in forests of doon valley, Uttarakhand, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 235-43.

Phytodiversity assessment in forests of Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India was conducted. Three Forest Ranges of Dun Forest Division were extensively surveyed for collection in different seasons. A total of 313 plant species belonging to 235 genera and 71 families were collected and recorded.

2 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

022507   Satpute S B;Vanmare D J (Botany Dep, Vivekanand Arts, Sardar Dalip Singh Commerce and Science College, Samarth Nagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Qualitative and quantitative variation in phyllosphere mycoflora of Hamelia patens Jacq.. J med Pl Stud 2018, 6(1), 31-3.

The Phyllosphere mycoflora of Hamelia patens Jacq. was studied during the different seasons of the year 2015-16 from MIDC Shendra area, Aurangabad (MS). The mycoflora were isolated and pure cultures were maintained on Potato dextrose agar. Identification of mycoflora was done by morphological characters and microscopic observations. The phyllosphere mycoflora shows seasonal variation as well as qualitative and quantitative variation. In the present study, total of 21 fungal species were recorded by leaf wash and leaf print method. The average percent frequency of occurrence was found to be in case of Cladosporium fulvum (19.2% LW and 27.3% LP), which was followed by Gibberella avenacea (14.4% and 13.2%). Minimum percent frequency was experienced by Fusarium oxysporum (0.1% and 0.28%) by both methods. There was statistically significant variation in number of colonies among the fungal species. However the variation due to season was statistically significant (p=0.01) in leaf wash method, while non-significant in leaf print method. Higher number of colonies was recorded during rainy season whereas minimum number of colonies was observed in summer season. The average number of colonies was 36.98 by leaf wash and 39.91 by leaf print method.

2 tables, 13 ref

022506   Sathiyaseelan R;Prabhu S;Murugan C (Botanical Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair-744 102, Email: sivanthimurugan@rediffmail.com) : Gisekiaceae - a family record for Andaman and nicobar islands. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 293-4.

Gisekia pharnaceoides L. collected from Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, India is reported here as a new distributional family record for Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

2 illus, 11 ref

022505   Sarkar S;Dasgupta B (Plant Pathology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: dasgupta.basudeb824@gmail.com) : Studies on epidemic development of leaf blight disease of pipul (Piper longum L.) caused by Fusarium sp. and leaf blight disease of antamul [Tylophora indica (Burm.f.)Merrill] caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 333-40.

Fixed plot survey was conducted at monthly interval during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study the influence of different weather factors on the development of leaf blight disease of Pipul (Piper longum L.) caused by Fusarium sp. and Leaf blight disease of Antamul [Tylophora Mica (Burm.f.)Merrill] caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. To study the relation, correlation of coefficients and multiple regression analysis (MRA) between percent disease incidences of about diseases with different weather parameters were done to find out the role of weather parameters on the development of above diseases. The result showed that the partitioning of correlation of coefficients into direct and indirect effect of above diseases were negatively correlated to different weather parameters. While deriving MRA of two years pooled data of leaf blight disease of Pipul it was revealed that with increase in minT and sunshine hours there was significant increase in percent disease incidence whereas with decrease in RHevening, RHmorning, maxT, wind speed and rainfall there was increase in percent disease incidence which was confirmed by high R² value (0.893). While deriving MRA of two years pooled data of leaf blight disease of Antamul it was revealed that with increase in RHevening, RHmorning and sunshine hours there was significant increase in percent disease incidence whereas with decrease in minT, maxT, wind speed and rainfall there was significant increase in percent disease incidence which was confirmed by high R² value (0.776).

2 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

022504   Salamma S;Ramesh M;Rao B R P (Biodiversity Conservation Div, Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu-515 003, Email: biodiversityravi@gmail.com) : Carbon stocks of Croton scabiosus Bedd. (Euphorbiaceae), a vulnerable endemic species of Southern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 21-6.

Croton scabiosus, a member of Euphorbiaceae and an endemic and vulnerable tree species of Southern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh was studied for its carbon storage capacity and carbon sequestration potential. The species population was sampled through 75 transects of 0.5 ha each and a total of 8743 individuals were enumerated. We estimated its carbon stocks at 1738.8 tons and CO₂ sequestration potential as 6294.46 tons.

2 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

022503   Saklani A;Tiwari S C (Botany Dep, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal Univ, Srinagar (Garhwal)-246 174, Email: chandolaashita@gmail.com) : Grazingland ecosystem in garhwal himalaya and fire effects on plant biomass. J Mount Res 2017, 12(Dec), 109-17.

The study was conducted for Grazingland Ecosystem in Garhwal Himalaya using three experimental sites, one unburnt protected second burnt protected and third unburnt open grazingland. After burning treatment, the aboveground biomass (live and dead shoot) was found highest in August on burnt plot. Belowground biomass fluctuated quantitatively in the sampling months on all the plots. The litter biomass (dry matter) was found to be highest in May and lowest in July. Net primary production was found to be more in aboveground on burnt plot than on unburnt plot. Turnover rate of aboveground biomass was found to be higher on burnt plot while the below ground biomass and litter biomass was higher on unburnt grazed plot. Turnover time was found to be highest on burnt plot and lowest on unburnt protected plot. It has been shown to lead that the fire treatment increased the aboveground net production and decreased the belowground net production in a considerable way.

4 tables, 16 ref

022502   Sahu S;Koshale K;Tiwari R K S;Khare N (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswavidyala, Raipur-492 012, Email: santrasahu73@gmail.com) : Evaluation of plant growth promotion activity of fluorescent Pseudomo-nas on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 347-52.

In the present investigation twenty four isolates of Fluorescent pseudomonas were evaluated with pigeonpea cv. Rajeevlochan for their plant growth promotion activity. Seeds treated with isolate P-233 produced maximum total root length (326.65 cm), total surface area (21.76 cm²), total root volume (0.1.16 cm³) and maximum number of tips (3448.00) as compared to control. Efficacy of different isolates of Pseudomonas for pigeonpea plants varied to induce shoot and root length of pigeonpea plant ranging from 11.4 cm to 17.8 cm and 15.4 cm to 24.4 cm, respectively. Maximum shoot length (17.8 cm) and root length (24.4 cm) were recorded when seeds were treated with P233 as compared to control. Isolates P11 showed highest average fresh shoot weight (0.42g) and dry shoot weight (0.188g). While isolate P143 performed with highest average root fresh weight (0.274g) and dry root weight (0.04g). Plants treated with P233 pro-duced maximum average number of nodulation (20.6) as compared to control.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

022501   Sahu D K;Kulmitra A;Khare N;Wagh P (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalay, Raipur-492 012, Email: durgeshsahu3@gmail.com) : Morphological variability among isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 375-7.

Morphological variability of ten isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii were studied based on their growth rate, colony colour, mycelial dispersion and appearance and sclerotium formation, colour, weight and number of sclerotia, arrangement using solid media viz; PDA. Wide range of variation was noticed with respect to various attributes studied. Growth rate ranged from 0.75 to 1.25 mm per hour, based on this attribute isolates were grouped in to three groups: Group I- 3 - 94 - isolates with faster growth viz., lentil, linseed and potato (1.25 mmh^-1); Group II - five isolates with medium growth rate (0.94 mmh^-1) viz., chickpea, mungbean, soybean, rice and tomato; Group III had isolates from pea and lathyrus with slow growth rate (0.75 mmh^-1). Average size of sclerotia for most of the isolates were <62>1mm in diameter, whereas for some isolates like linseed and potato produced small sclerotia of <60> 1mm diameter. Colour of sclerotia was generally light to dark brown at maturity. The morphological characters of S. rolfsii isolates tested were highly variable. The variability among isolates observed in the present study could be attributed to physiometabolic differences among isolates arising from different crop production systems and also some biochemical variability to adapt to their ecological and environmental conditions.

3 tables, 9 ref

022500   Sagir M;Dobriyal A K (Zoology Dep, H.N.B Garhwal Univ, BGR Campus, Pauri (Garhwal)-246 001, Email: anoopkdobriyal@rediffmail.com) : Diversity of riparian vegetation in Western Nayar valley on selected experimental spots. J Mount Res 2017, 12(Dec), 87-90.

Riparian areas are important due to their disproportionately strong influences on both in stream and terrestrial ecosystems. Because of the importance of riparian areas, scientists and land managers are interested in understanding their dynamics. Many conceptual frameworks exist for examining longitudinal changes in biological function and diversity along rivers. One of these frameworks, the River Continuum Concept (RCC), postulates that longitudinal sections of river show gradients in the physical environmental factors that determine biotic communities. Preliminary survey has been conducted on the riparian vegetation of River western Nayar at 4 different spots which were technically selected in view of impact of riparian vegetation on aquatic biodiversity. The 4 spots selected were based on abundance of Pinus trees, Quercus trees, Shrub domination and abundance of toxic plants. These vegetations form considerable detritus in the river. The experiment is aimed at to evaluate biodiversity on different spots and to see the impact of these vegetations. The present paper embodies the representative riparian vegetation on selected spots apart from abundant species.

1 table, 15 ref

022499   Rupinder Kaur;Kapoor M (Biotechnology Dep, DAV College, Amritsar-143 001, Email: jdmanishkapoor@yahoo.com) : In vitro direct plant regeneration using shoot tip explants in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) for rapid mass cloning. Agric Sci Dig 2017, 37(2), 94-99.

Protocol - 93 - for mass propagation, through direct plant regeneration in three commercial cultivars of sugarcane (CoJ64, CoJ83 & CoJ86) was standardized. Cultures were established from the young leaf segments (1.0-1.5 cm), excised from spindle leaf (Shoot tip), used as explant source, were cultured on different media compositions based on Murashige and Skoog salts. Cultured explants exhibited swelling followed by direct shoot regeneration on media containing NAA, in all the three varieties. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (87.58%) occurred on MS medium supplemented with NAA (5.0 mg/L) and Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) in variety, CoJ83. Medium devoid of NAA and supplemented with only kinetin did not induce direct shoot regeneration in any of the varieties thus tried. Subsequently profuse rooting of shoots was observed on the same medium and complete plantlets were recovered within 6 weeks. The sugarcane plantlets were acclimatized in greenhouse. The plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil, which exhibited good survival ranging from 85-90%. Tissue culture derived field-grown plants were normal and exhibited faster growth and better tillers. This protocol is a single step method without callus interphase for direct plant regeneration, which can be used commercially for rapid mass cloning of elite germplasm of sugarcane.

2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

022498   Roy S;Chakraborty B (Botany Dep, North Bengal Univ, Siliguri-734 013, Email: bncnbu@gmail.com) : Effect of pruned tea leaves on the yield and nutritional quality of two species of Pleurotus in North Bengal. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 341-5.

The study was conducted to analyse the efficiency of pruned tea leaves as a substrate for cultivation of Pleurotus species in North Bengal. Pruned tea leaf substrate was found to increase the production of Pteurotus species along with an increase in the nutritional components. Higher spawn run and yield was observed in pruned tea leaves single as well as in combination with paddy straw substrate. The biochemical constituents were also high in both the cases but higher when cultivated in pruned tea leaves. Fruitbody were dried and powdered and it was also observed that the powder was also contains significant good amount of total soluble protein, carbohydrates, total lipid and dietary fibre.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

022497   Rather M A;Bhat N A;Mir A H;Lal E P (NO, Biological Sciences Sam Hingginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh-211 007, Email: aabidm4@gmail.com) : Effect of sulphur (S) on growth, seed yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Int J agric biol Res 2017, 33(2), 142-9.

Sulphur plays a key role in various plant growth and developmental processes. With this background the current study was carried out in order to find out the response of sunflower to different sulphur treatment sources and levels. Field experiments using randomized block design having nine treatment combinations was performed to assess different characteristics including plant height and dry weight, stem girth, leaf area index, head dry weight and diameter, seed number and test weight, seed yield and oil content. The results showed that both the growth characteristics and yield parameters were significantly affected by different levels and sources of sulphur. Overall, all the parameters showed a substantial increase both with time and amplified concentrations of sulphur and gypsum with respect to control. Comparatively, the sulphur treated plants showed higher growth and yield (except plant height) as compared to gypsum treated ones during the whole time frame. The highest growth and yield was found only when the highest concentration with mixed gypsum and sulphur sources were applied.

4 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

022496   Rasingam L;Swamy J (Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Plot No. 366/1, Attapur, Hyderguda Post, Hyderabad-500 048, Email: rasingam@gmail.com) : Two new additions to the flora of Anadaman & Nicobar Islands. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 373-5.

Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. (Asteraceae) and Acalypha malabarica Mull.-Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) are reported here as additions to the flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

1 illus, 4 ref

022495   Rashmi C R;Girija V K;Beegum C H N;Milsha J; Anees M M;Varma C K Y (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Padannakkad-671 314, Email: rashmicr@gmail.com) : Incidence of choanephora rot on cabbage and cauliflower from Kerala. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 379-81.

A head/curd rot disease caused by Choanephora spp.was constantly found to appear on cabbage and cauliflower planted in the fields of College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the farmer's fields at Kasaragod district. The disease caused 30 to 60 per cent yield losses in the affected fields. Morphological characterization of the pathogen revealed the mycelia of the fungus to be hyaline and nonseptate. Sporangiophores bearing sporangiola erect, hyaline, unbranched, apically dilated to form a clavate vesicle from which arose dichotomously branched distally clavate secondary vesicles. Monosporous sporangiola, indehiscent, ellipsoid, brown to dark brown with distinct longitudinal striations, measured 12 to 20 x 6 to 12 μm. Sporangiospores ellipsoid, brown to dark brown, indistinctly striate measuring 16 to 20 x 8 to 12 μm. Further confirmation by molecular analysis on the identity of the - 92 - fungus carried out by ITS sequencing revealed the pathogen to be Choanephora cucurbitarum.

8 ref

022494   Ramesh M;Rao B R P (Lectuer in Botany, PSC&KVSC Government Degree College, Nandyal-518 502, Email: biodiversityravi@gmail.com) : Carbon stocks of trees outside forests in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 203-10.

In the present study, carbon stocks of trees outside forests in Kurnool district was estimated through sampling of 143 hectare area in 413 plots. A total of 93 species belonging to 80 genera and 37 families were recorded in the sampled plots. Extrapolated biomass and carbon stocks are calculated for Kurnool district as 2.131 Mt and 1.012 Mt respectively. The carbon sequestration potential of the trees outside forests of Kurnool district is estimated at 3.197 Mt CO ₂.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

022493   Ramesh Kumar;Maina V;Purohit C S (Botanical Survey of India, Arid Zone Regional Centre, Jodhpur-342 008, Email: rkpaliwalbsi@yahoo.com) : Alysicarpus roxburghianus Thoth. & pramanik (fabaceae)- new to Gujarat state. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 291-2.

Alysicarpus roxburghianus Thoth. & Pramanik is recorded here first time from Gujarat. Detailed taxonomic description, phenology, distribution, ecology and photoplate are provided to facilitate easy identification.

1 illus, 6 ref

022492   Rachna P;Vashistha B D (Botany Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: rachna.preet@gmail.com) : Effects of heavy metals on protonemal growth and bud formation in the moss Hydrogonium arcuatum. Agric Sci Dig 2017, 37(2), 117-21.

The present study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of cadmium and lead salts on protonemal growth and bud formation. For this purpose bryophyte tissue were acclimated to the laboratory conditions by culturing on Nitsch's basal medium supplemented with various salts of heavy metals (Cadmium and Lead) in the specific concentration range 10^-8-10^-4 M to assess physiological stress-response. Rounding of protonemal cells and formation of brood cells like structures were observed and Bud formation was adversely affected. The present study thus confirmed the morphological changes by mosses can be used to detect heavy metal pollution.

4 illus, 16 ref

022491   Pushpa Devi;Gupta S R;Aggarwal A;Singh V (Botany Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-113 119, Email: sgupta2002158@gmail.com) : Effect of conservation tillage on crop residue decomposition and nitrogen release in a tropical agricultural system in North-Western India. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 162-9.

This study aimed at analyzing temporal pattern of crop residue decomposition and nitrogen release as influenced by substrate quality and tillage practice in a rice-wheat cropping system. A two-year field study (during June 2, 2012 to October 31, 2012 and December 9, 2012 to April 16, 2013) was carried out using surface-placed litter bags of rice straw, wheat straw and Sesbania aculeata shoots under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) located at Uchana, Karnal (29° 51' N, 76°57'E, and 245 m above mean sea level) in north-western India. The per cent weight remaining in litter bags was found to be higher under zero tillage as compared to that of conventional tillage. The decomposition rates of various plant residues varied from 0.388 to 0.492% per day. The decomposition constants (regression coefficient b) under two tillage practices were in the order: Sesbania shoots CT -0.01925 > Sesbania shoots ZT -0.01844 > wheat straw CT -0.00860 > wheat straw ZT -0.00759 > rice straw ZT -0.00695 > rice straw CT-0.00639. The residue decomposition rates and nitrogen dynamics in decomposing litter were affected by litter quality; Sesbania shoots showed highest decomposition rates. The single exponential model was found to describe the pattern of straw decomposition and changes in N concentration in Sesbania shoots. There was immobilization of N in decomposing wheat and rice straw in early phases of decomposition (from 64 to 160 days), nitrogen release occurred during last phase of decomposition. The wheat and rice straw was characterized by high C: N ratio and poor N mineralization.

7 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

022490   Pusalkar P K;Srivastava S K (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, 192-Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun-248 195, Email: lecyth@yahoo.com) : Breaking point endemism of Ranunculus bikramii aswal & mehrotra (ranunculaceae) - new locality reports from Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 263-5.

Ranunculus bikramii Aswal & Mehrotra (Ranunculaceae), a point endemic species from Rohtang pass, Lahaul-piti district, Himachal Pradesh is reported here as new record for the flora of Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir. Furthermore, additional distributional localities in Himachal Pradesh are also provided recording wider distribution range with locally common occurrence for this Indian Western Himalayan endemic species.

1 illus, 5 ref

022489   Purohit C S;Ramesh Kumar;Maina V (Botanical Survey of India, Arid Zone Regional Centre, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: chandansinghpurohit@yahoo.com) : Occurence of the genus Porteresia tateoka (Poaceae) in Gujarat. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 377-80.

The genus Porteresia Tateoka is recorded here for the first time from the State of Gujarat. The same is described and illustrated (Photo plate) here.

2 illus, 11 ref

022488   Prakash L;Balasubramanian P (Landscape Ecology Div, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 108, Email: 1.prakash3@gmail.com) : A note on Luisia abrahami vatsala (orchidaceae) rare, endemic species from sathyamangalam tiger reserve, Eastern ghats. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 299-302.

The extended distribution of a rare, endemic orchid species Luisia abrahami - 90 - Vatsala from Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Southern Eastern Ghats has been reported.

2 illus, 22 ref

022487   Prabhu S;Murugan C (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: sivanthcm@gmail.com) : Rediscovery of Memecylon elegans (Melastomataceae): an endemic species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 91-5.

Memecylon elegans Kruz is rediscovered after a lapse of 142 years from Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

3 illus, 10 ref

022486   Pathraj J;Kannan R (NO, Research and Development Barathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Medicinal plants used by thoriya ethnic (sub tribe of Baduga) in Nilgiris, India. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(6), 30-8.

An ethnobotanical study was carried among the Thoriya ethnic (sub tribe of Baduga) in Nilgiri mountain of India. 200 plant species belonging to 75 families used in treatment of various ailment are described under this survey. Once these ethnic group were extensively using herbal medicine to treat illness like cough, cold, diarrhea, dysentery, asthma, jaundice, fever, infertility, eye infection, urinal infection, intestinal worms etc. now this traditional practice is being reduced due to various factors. According to this investigation the most dominant families used by them are Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. In most cases they use roots and leaves to treat ailment.

4 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

022485   Panwar M;Laxmi V;Chand D;Nautiyal M C (NO, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), HNB. Garhwal Univ Srinagar Garhwal-246 174, Email: vijaylaxmitrivedi@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial potntial of acetone and methanol extracts of Rhus parviflora Roxb.. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 225-30.

Rhus parviflora Roxb. (Anacardiaceae) is commonly known as "small flowered poison sumac". It is found in Nepal, India, Bhutan and Sri Lanka at an altitude of 700-1100 masl. R. parviflora is recorded in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia as having therapeutic uses for Vata vikara, which are the complications related to neurological disorders including anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy and rheumatoid arthritis. In present piece of work an effort is made to investigate the antimicrobial potential of acetone and methanol extracts were tested against various bacterial species viz., Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella pullorum by using Agar well diffusion methods and against the fungal species (Rhizoctonia. solani, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium. solani, Aspergillus humicola, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium. canadense) by Poisoned food technique. Results highlighted antimicrobial potential of R. parviflora extracts against the range of microbes, gram positive bacteria as well as gram negative bacterial species and fungal species, so that the extract from these plants can be used as broad spectrum antibiotic in near future.

3 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

022484   Nilam R;Jyoti P;Sumitra C (Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological lab, Biosciences (UGC-CAS) Dep, Rajkot, Gujarat) : Pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies of Ipomoea pes-caprae, an halophyte from Gujarat. J Pharmac Phytochem 2018, 7(1), 11-18.

Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) commonly called as beach plant belongs to the family Convolvulaceae and is a salt tolerant plant. It is a fast growing halophytic herb. The plant and its parts are used as traditional medicine for treating different diseases. In the present work, various quality control parameters were evaluated to lay down standardized reference parameters of Ipomoea pes-caprae. The microscopic study of leaf and stem showed abundant large cells of palisade tissues, paracytic stomata, conjoint collateral open vascular bundles throughout the transverse section. Powder microscopy study revealed the presence of spiral vessels, border pitted xylem vessels, paracytic stomata, multicellular trichomes, etc. The physicochemical properties such as loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulphated ash and extractive values of leaf and stem were carried out which were all in the permissible limits. The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of more amount of phyto constituents like alkaloids, phenols, steroids, tannins, flavonoids in leaf and stem. The parameters evaluated will serve as pharmacognostic standards for Ipomoea pes-caprae leaf and stem. They will also help in correct identification and authentication of the plant and it can maintain its therapeutic efficacy.

5 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

022483   Nethravathi S P;Yadahalli K B (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur-586 101, Email: nethrasp66@gmail.com) : Virulence studies and in vitro evaluation of antibiotics/ antibacterial chemicals against citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) on acid lime. J Ecofriendly Agric 2017, 12(1), 75-7.

The experiment, conducted to screen virulent isolate with compatible host and pathogen combination in acid lime and canker causing pathogenic culture of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) under controlled environment condition using pinprick rnethod and the best antibiotics/antibacterial chemical to manage the disease pathogen revealed that the isolate Xac8, among the 10 isolates collected from acid lime growing areas of northern Karnataka, was the most virulent followed by Xac5. Chloramphenicol, exhibiting a minimum inhibition zone of 3.22 cm against the two highly virulent isolates of X. axonopodis pv. citri by inhibition zone assay method, was adjudged the most significant and superior antibiotics.

3 tables, 15 ref

022482   Nabi N G;Shrivastava M;Khan A A;Dar S H (Bioscience Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : Organogenesis in callus derived from leaf explants of Spilanthes acmella Linn: An endangered medicinal plant. J Pharmac Phytochem 2018, 7(1), 1-7.

Several experiments were conducted to test the effect of growth regulators with the different concentration and combination of (0.5-2.0 mg/l) 2, 4-D with cytokinins like 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l KN on indirect organogenesis response from leaf segments of Spilanthes acmella. On the most media combinations, leaf segments either callused or differentiated into shoots. Maximum callus (70.5%) was induced on the media containing 1.5 mg/l 2, 4-D with 0.5 mg/l BAP within 30 days and the callus formed was dark green and fragile. After the callus formation the induced callus were sectioned into small pieces and transferred on MS media supplemented with BAP and KN separately or BAP and KN with NAA, IBA and IAA.The best response (75.0%) on shoot regeneration from callus was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IBA with the formation of 6.5±0.41 number of shoots having length of 7.9±0.1centimeters within 20 days. after shoot regeneration maximum (75.0%) of shoot multiplication rate was - 88 - observed with an average of 7.5±0.41 adventitious shoots, directly from the explants, without any callus formation on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IBA. Shoots formed were remarkable healthy and achieved the length of 8.5±0.1centimetres within 20 days.While as maximum (70.0%) root induction was achieved directly from the base of the regenerated shoots on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA of average length 6.0±0.6 centimetres within 20 days.

1 illus, 4 tables, 70 ref

022481   Musinguzi D;Tumushabe A;Sekabira K;Basamba T A;Byarugaba D (Biological and Environmental Sciences Dep, Kampala International University, P.O. Box Kampala, Uganda) : Medicinal plants use in and aroung kalinzu central forest reserve, Western Uganda. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(6), 44-9.

This study assessed medicinal use, diversity, and conservation techniques for plant species used in the treatment of various ailments among the local communities living around Kalinzu Central Forest Reserve in Western Uganda. The objectives of the study were: (1) to assess the diversity, use, and conservation of medicinal plants in and around Kalinzu Central Forest Reserve; and (2) to evaluate the importance of medicinal plants to communities surrounding the tropical forest. Plant species were identified and their distinctiveness such as their mode of extract preparation, parts used, and ailments treated documented. In-situ study and information on plant species was obtained by using transects or quadrant methods, Semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Eighteen (18) plant species belonging to thirteen (13) families and sixteen (16) genera were identified by local communities for medical purposes. The utilization and preference of plant products included fruits, vegetables, medicines, fire wood, construction materials, and other purposes as 76.7% of the local people use the forest as a source for medicines. Shannon Weiner Index, H' = 2.554 and Species Evenness, E = 0.8836 were calculated. These values indicated uneven distribution of medicinal plant species especially in areas where there is no replacement. Adherence to traditional norms and cultures, inadequate medical services and other health care services put medicinal plants at the centre of basic primary health care. This has made it difficult to effectively implement conservation measures in Kalinzu central forest reserve due to the high dependencies on the forest products by the surrounding communities.

2 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

022480   Murugan C (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Lawley Road Post, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: sivanthimurugan@rediffmail.com ) : Miliusa manickamiana C. murugan sp. nov.(Annonaceae), a new species from the western ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 371-2.

Miliusa manickamiana (Annonaceae) sp. nov., a new species from the - 87 - Tirunelveli Hills in Tamil Nadu, at the core zone of Agasthiayamalai Biosphere Reserve, is described and illustrated.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

022479   Mazid M;Naz F (Botany Dep, Invertis Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Bareilly-243 123, Email: mazidmohd699@gmail.com) : Repercussion of photosynthetic variables and related enzymes under influence of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and sodium sulphate with two modes of gibberellic acid application. Agric Sci Dig 2017, 37(1), 51-5.

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether the application of gibberellic acid (GA) along with NaH₂PO₄ and/or Na₂SO₄ could ameliorate photosynthetic variables and enzymes in chickpea cultivar DCP 92-3 without compromising the nitrogen fixing activity. Before, sowing the seeds of chickpea were soaked for 8 h in 10^-6MGA. 60 and 70 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were sprayed with 10^-6MGA along with 2 kg P and /or S/ha in two equal splits. Performance of the crop was assessed in terms of chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (P_N), stomatal conductance (gs), carbonic anhydrase activity (CA) and one most significant N-fixing enzyme, NR. Treatment (16) S_GA+F_GAPS proved best, it enhanced Chl content by 46.16% and 48.84% P_N by 64.24 and 65.37%, NR by 22.37% and 22.46% respectively at 90 and 100 DAS. CA at 100 DAS only and gs at both stages of sampling found non-significant. Moreover, CA enhanced by 64.56% at 90 DAS also.

3 tables, 38 ref

022478   Manjunatha S E;Sanath Kumar V B;Kiran Kumar N (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, V.C. Farm, Mandya-571 505, Email: sanath.kumar@gmail.com) : Residual effect of mulberry powdery mildew suppressive bio agents on growth and development of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), cocoon and silk quality. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 369-73.

Study on assessing the residual toxic effect of fungal and bacterial bio agents used against powdery mildew of mulberry on silkworms was conducted. The results of the toxicological studies on growth, development and cocoon parameters revealed that, Trichoderma harzianum had positive effect on both larval weight and its length with increase of 21.46 g and 5.18 cm respectively. Similarly, cocoon, pupal and shell weight of 14.99g, 11.86 g and 3.17 g respectively, shell ratio of 21.17 per cent and cocoon yield of 524.66 g/dfl was higher compared to other treatments. The filament length of 769.05 m, filament weight of 0.16 g and denier of 1.80 per cent fineness were found to be superior in Trichoderma harzianum treated mulberry leaves fed to silkworm. The present investigation clearly revealed that mulberry powdery mildew effective bio agents, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viridae at 15 per cent concentration, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10,15 per cent concentration were found to be safe to silkworms when leaves fed to them three days after treatment with culture filtrate of bio agents.

4 tables, 9 ref

022477   Malik N;Bhandari B S (Botany and Microbiology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Srinagar (Garhwal) Uttarakhand, Email: maliknivedita8730@gmail.com) : First report on occurrence of leaf spot disease on Hippophae salicifolia D. Don caused by Alternaria species from Uttarakhand, India. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 365-8.

During 2014-2015, occurrence of leaf spot disease was observed on Hippophae salicifolia D. Don plants at some selected sites in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, India. The typical disease symptoms were observed on the abaxial surface, tips and spiny margins of leaves. Disease spots were sunken, dry, necrotic, dark maroon to dark brown in color. On the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics of the fungus, Altemaria tenuissima was - 86 - found to be associated with the leaf spot disease. Koch's postulate was applied to confirm the causal organisms of the disease

2 illus, 18 ref

022476   Kushwaha A K;Shukla J P (Botany Dep, S.D. P.G. College, Kanpur (D), Uttar Pradesh-209 101, Email: anilrania@gmail.com) : Studies on seed mycoflora of chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.). J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 405-6.

Untreated and treated seeds of Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum) were used to study the seed mycoflora. Agar plate method was followed. In case of untreated seeds, the percent incidence of Aspergillus niger (15.85%) was the highest followed by A. flavus (14.82%), Chaetomium globosum (14.75%), Dresclera rostrata (14.5%), where as all other fungi were within the range of (13.90 to 0.70%). In the treated seeds only six fungi were found. Aspergillus flavus was the highest (19.75%) whereas Rhizopus arrhizus was the lowest (0.35%).

^ssc3 tables, 2 ref