022475   Kuralarasi R;Lingakumar K (Centre for Research and PG Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu) : Isolation and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Madhuca longifolia Bark. J med Pl Stud 2018, 6(1), 36-9.

The present inspection on isolation and antibacterial activity analysis of endophytic fungi from Madhuca longifolia bark and to evaluate its antimicrobial activities. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaf segments from Madhuca longifolia bark using PDA medium and fruiting structures were introduced in four different culture media and identified by macroscopic and microscopic methods. The fungi were grown in PD broth for 21 days and extracted with ethyl acetate. The crude extract was collected and used for antimicrobial analysis. Twenty endophytic fungi were isolated from Madhuca longifolia bark and were identified by macroscopic and microscopic methods as members of Colletotrichum sp., Alternaria sps, Pestalotiopsis sps Diaporthea sp., Phomopsis sp., Mycosperellacea sp., Fusarium sp., Pleosporales sp. and Pseudocercospora sp. Extracts prepared from the fungal isolates were screened for the antimicrobial properties against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholera. Very interestingly, three endophytic fungal isolates Colletotrichum sps, Alternaria sps, Pestalotiopsis sps were found to have highest activity against the pathogens screened. The study proves the promising natural product biosynthetic potential of fungi associated with Madhuca longifolia bark.

2 tables, 36 ref

022474   Kottaimuthu R;Gnanasekaran G;Vasudevan N (Botany Dep, Saraswathi Narayanan College, Madurai-625 022, Email: kottaimuthu@yahoo.co.in) : Calopogonium and Centrosema: two new generic records for Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 89-90.

Two genera of family Fabaceae, Calopogonium Desv. (C. mucunoides Desv.) and Centrosema (DC.) Benth. (C. pubescens Benth.) are reported here as additions to the flora of Andhra Pradesh.

8 ref

022473   Kishor K;Pangtey Y P S (Botany Dep, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Nainital-263 001, Email: yspangtey@gmail.com) : Onosma pyramidale Hook. f. (family: boraginaceae) recollected after over a century from Kumaun himalaya. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 285-6.

Onosma pyramidale Hook.f. (Boraginaceae) has been recollected after a century from Kumaun Himalaya.

1 illus, 5 ref

022472   Kholia B S;Sinha B K (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Center, Dehradun, Email: bskholiabsi@gmail.com) : Taxonomic discussion on tree ferns of great nicobar island, with a note on occurrence of Cyathea contaminans (Wall.) Copel. in India. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 401-5.

In present communication, based on the detailed exploration, field observation and herbarium study, the Tree Ferns of Nicobar Islands are taxonomically discussed in detail. Only two endemic species, Cyathea albosetacea (Bedd.) Copel. and Cyathea nicobarica N.P. Balakr. & Dixit were known to occur in Nicobars Islands, but based on the detailed observation on type specimens and observation of live plants growing in type locality and other part of Nicobars both are found to be conspecific. Therefore, Cyathea nicobarica is merged here into Cyathea albosetacea. During present study, an additional south east asian tree fern Cyathea contaminans (Wall.) Copel. is found growing in Great Nicobar and reported here an addition to the Nicobar Island for the first time.

2 illus, 20 ref

022471   Kholia B S;Singh L J;Srivastava S K (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248 195, Email: bskholiabsi@gmail.com) : Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum, a new record to Andaman & Nicobar islands. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 77-8.

Based on the recent collection a tree fern Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum is reported here for the first time from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

1 illus, 8 ref

022470   Kavitha G;Salamma S;Ramesh M;Naik M C;Anil Kumar M;Swamy A N;Rao B R P (Biodiversity Conservation Div, Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapuramu-515 003, Email: biodiversityravi@gmail.com) : Carbon stocks of linear category of trees out side forest in Anantapuramu district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 303-8.

In the study, carbon stocks of linear structures of trees outside forest in Anantapuramu district was estimated through sampling of 344 (0.1 ha) plots. A total of 4229 tree individuals belonging to 66 angiosperm species were enumerated in the sampled plots. The mean tree density is 122.8per ha; mean diameter at breast height 4.04 m; mean basal area 15.43 m²ha^-1. Mean volume of trees with >10 cm diameter is 15.50m³ ha^-1; mean total tree biomass is 120.81 tons ha^-1. The mean carbon stock is 57.385 tons ha^-1 and extrapolated biomass and carbon content for linear structures are 0.176 Mt and 0.083 Mt respectively. The carbon sequestration potential of trees outside forests of Anantapuramu district is estimated at 0.304 Mt.

1 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

022469   Karthigeyan K;Jayanthi J (Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 103, Email: karthigeyan.murthy@gmail.com) : Ficus concinna (Miq.) Miq. (moraceae)- a new record to West Bengal from Jaldapara National Park. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 287-9.

Ficus concinna (Miq.) Miq. is reported as new record for the flora of West Bengal State.

1 illus, 5 ref

022468   Kalaiselvan P;Selvakumari R;Rajakumar T J S (P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Centre for Botanical Research, St. John's College, Tirunelveli-627 002) : Corchorus tirunelveliensis - a new species of tiliaceae from Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 87-8.

A new species, Corchorus tirunelveliensis (Tiliaceae) is described and illustrated.

1 illus, 5 ref

022467   Joshi P;Manikandan R;Brijesh Kumar;Deroliya P K (Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehra Dun-248 195, Email: pushpeshjoshi01@gmail.com) : Contribution to the pteridophytic flora of govind pashu vihar wildlife sanctuary, Uttarakhand. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 277-84.

The present paper deals with the studies on the Pteridophytic flora of Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand.

1 illus, 9 ref

022466   Joshi P;Joshi S P (Botany Dep, Ecology Research Lab, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Email: pandeypragya6@gmail.com) : Present status of pteridophytic diversity of Triyuginarayan and adjoining localities, Rudraprayag district (Garhwal Himalayas), Uttarakhand. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 81-6.

Present manuscript deals with the reassessment of the fern flora of Triyginarayan after 10-12 years. A critical treatment of 45 genera, 122 species is done in the present study. A comparison of the families, genera and species occurring in the area during 2012-14 with the prior reports. The study reveals the absence of 48 fern species which were reported earlier by various authors and 11 new species are collected which were not reported earlier.

5 tables, 10 ref

022465   Jayanthi J;Jalal J S;Pawar M D (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, 7-Koregaon Road, Pune-411 001, Email: jayanthi.bsi@gmail.com) : Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (Cucurbitaceae) - a new record for Karnataka. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 79-80.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, a herbaceous vine of the family Cucurbitaceae is reported here as new record for Karnataka state.

2 illus, 7 ref

022464   Jash S;Moinuddin G;Sarkar A (Regional Research Station (Red and Laterite zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jhargram-721 507, Email: drsubhendujash@gamil.com) : Morphological variability and protein profiling of mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp.. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 391-9.

In attempts to know the better understanding of biochemical variability of Trichoderma spp. along with morphological characters for taxonomical significance protein profiling of mycelial protein of different isolates was studied. Morphological parameters i.e. shape, size of phialide, phialospore, chlamydospore and colony morphology were observed and identification was done based on the morphometry. All the isolates showed polymorphic bands through electrophoresis of mycelia proteins. Most - 83 - of the protein bands are concentrated with their mobility value of 0.200 to 0.575. T9 and T10 isolates which were identified as T. roseum showed almost equal banding pattern with genetic similarity coefficient of 0.888. T6 and T8 isolates of T. virens have highest similarity of 0.833. Intra specific similarity was distinct in T. virens and T. roseum species as per electrophoresis analysis in this experiment.

2 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

022463   Gul F;Hussain A;Jan G;Hamayun M (Botany Dep, Abdul Wali Khan Univ, Mardan, Pakistan, Email: hamayun@awkum.edu.pk) : Genomic DNA extraction of molecular identification of endophytic fungi: An easy and efficient protocol. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 667-71.

Presence of tough chitinous cell wall in fungi is a challenge for cell lysis and subsequent DNA isolation which has several downstream applications. We have developed an efficient protocol for extracting genomic DNA from endophytic fungi, which was isolated from different parts of Solanum xanthocarpum L. The procedure used was based on sodium dodecyl sulfate/ phenol/chloroform extraction method to remove polysaccharides and protein. The isolated genomic DNA was used to successfully amplify ITS region. The amplified ITS region was sequenced and homology of its sequence was used for confirming identity of the fungal endophyte. This rapid and inexpensive method can efficiently isolate high quality and quantity of genomic DNA suitable for PCR amplification and sequencing.

2 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

022462   Ghosh S;Mandi S S (Plant Biology Div, Bose Institute, Kolkata) : Altitudinal effect in active principle content in Murraya koenigii (L) correlated with DNA fingerprinting study. J med Pl Stud 2018, 6(1), 20-6.

Murraya koenigii, commonly growing in eastern Asia, is a herb that is highly valued for its medicinal potential; leaves of this plant, commonly known as Kurry Patta, are also used widely for culinary purpose, particularly in India. Medicinal value of the plant include antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, hypoglycemic, - 82 - hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activity. The active principle conferring such effect consists of carbazole alkaloids viz. Mahanine, Mahanimbine and Coumarins; the most potent being Mahanimbine. AFLP based Species Specific DNA Marker(s), identified in accessions of Murraya koenigii collected from different altitudinal regions established that all the genotypes used in this study belong to the same species viz. Murraya koenigii. Comparative HPLC analysis of the most potent active principle i.e. Mahanimbine revealed that content of this compound varies among plants growing in different altitudes: plants colleted from high altitude (viz. Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh) exhibited high content of mahanimbine in comparison to plants collected from low altitude places (viz. Kolkata and West Midnapur). This study indicates a correlation between altitude (related UV fluence) and mahanimbine content. The phylogenetic tree, obtained through analysis of AFLP derived binary matrix, exhibits clustering of Murraya plants on the basis of the altitude of collection site; plants collected from high, intermediate and low altitude formed separate clusters. Our study indicated that altitude related variation in content of active principle correlate with variation in genome as reflected in the dendogram. Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) correlating active principle content and associated DNA fingerprinting data identified one AFLP allele (156 base pair allele generated by primer pair EcoRI-AAG / MseI-CTG) as Trait (Mahanimbine) Related AFLP Marker(s) in Murraya koenigii.

3 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

022461   Fatima T;Sharma N;Sharma Y K;Srivastava R; Shukla P K (Botany Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: tahseenf787@gmail.com) : Suitability of different media for growth and sporulation of local strain of Beauveria bassiana. J Ecofriendly Agric 2017, 12(1), 97-9.

Studies carried out to determine the effect of different media on the radial growth, sporulation and mycelium weight of Beauveria bassiana revealed that the maximum radial growth on 2 percent malt extract agar and malt mycological agar followed by corn meal agar, Richard's medium, potato dextrose agar, potato carrot agar, malt extract agar and rose bengal agar media, respectively. Highest mycelium (1.76 g dry weight) was harvested from malt extract (mycological peptone) broth followed by Richard's medium (1.18 g), potato dextrose broth (0.51 g), Sabarouds's dextrose broth (0.43 g), malt extract (dextrose peptone) broth (0.35 g), Czapek's dox broth (0.31 g) and potato carrot broth (0.19 g), respectively. Results revealed 2 percent malt extract agar and malt extract (mycological peptone) broth media were the best for growths B. bassiana. Besides, the fungus grown on rice culture showed excellent amount of spore production.

^ssc2 tables, 9 ref

022460   Dorjey K;Sanjeev Kumar;Sharma Y P (Botany Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir)-180 006, Email: yashdbm3@yahoo.co.in) : New record Ramaria conjunctipes from Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir) and an update list of Indian Ramaria. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 51-6.

Ramaria conjunctipes (Coker) corner is being recorded for the first time Ladakh region and Jammu and Kashmir. The species constitutes new addition to the Indian mushroom flora and has been described and illustrated in the present paper. Furthermore, an updated checklist of the genus Ramaria from India has also been presented.

2 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

022459   Deo S S;Singh D K (NO, , 305-D, Saraswati Apartment, Gomti Nagar Extension, Sector-4, Lucknow-226 010, Email: singh_drdk@rediffmail.com) : Genus Hamatostrepta (Anastrophyllaceae: Marchantiophyta) in India. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 63-5.

Hamatostrepta concinna Vana & D.G. Long is described and illustrated from West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh in Eastern Himalaya, India. This constitutes the first record of this monotypic genus in India bryoflora.

2 illus, 4 ref

022458   Deo S S;Singh D K (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata-700 064, Email: singh_drdk@rediffmail.com) : New species of Lejeunea Lib. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) from Eastern Himalaya, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 359-62.

A new species of Lejeunea Lib., Lejeunea liromobana sp. nov., is described from West Siang district in Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern - 81 - Himalaya, India. The species is characterized by large first tooth of leaf lobule, (1-) 2-3 cells long, (1-) 2-3 cells wide at base, 1-2 cells uniseriate at apex, prominent second tooth forming a hump, occasionally unicellular; small underleaves with dentate margins; keel of male bracts not winged; perianth beak 2-3 (-4) cells long, 4-5 cells wide at base, cells elongated, arranged spirally.

2 illus, 19 ref

022457   Chandu P G;Razika C S;Usha C N;Mamatha S; Kavya K;Divya R;Shashikala S;Jegan G;Muthuchelian K (NO, Jyothi English Medium School, Oolavadi, Chintamani Tk, Chikkaballapura, Dt. Karnataka) : Angiospermic distribution in a dry deciduous forest - Kaiwara Reserve forest, Chintamani Tk, Chikkaballapura Dt. Karnataka, India. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(6), 15-20.

The study provides descriptive information of the floristic composition of tropical dry deciduous forest of Kaiwara Reserve forest, Chintamani, Karnataka, Southern India. Sampling plots of 20 x 100 m² (2000 m², 0.2 ha) were surveyed in twenty different locations within a large patch, giving a total sample area of approximately 2 ha. All individual stems (≥ 1 cm dbh) of trees, shrubs and lianas from these plots were identified to species level and counted. A total of 2117 individuals (≥ 10 cm dbh) comprising 134 species, 75 genera and 65 families were included. Mimosaceae, Caesalpinaceae and Rubiaceae were the most dominant families. Moreover, the study shows that two-hectare floristic inventories of dry diciduous forest can provide a useful tool for assessing plant biodiversity, and provide useful information for effective conservation and management of nature reserves.

2 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

022456   Chandramohan K;Prasanna P V;Swamy J;Rahman T (Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad-500 048, Email: kolaganicm@gmail.com) : Two new distributional records of Odisha state. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 295-7.

Acmella radicans var. debilis (Kunth) R.K.Jansen and Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D. Adams ex W.C. Burger & C.M. Taylor are reported for the first time from Odisha state. Detailed description, photo plate and relevant notes are provided.

1 illus, 4 ref

022455   Chandramohan K;Prasanna P V;Reddy P R (Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad-500 048, Email: kolaganicm@gmail.com) : Diplacrum poklei (Wad.khan) K.C. mohan - a rare & Endemic species from Eastern ghats. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 367-9.

Diplacrum poklei (Wad.Khan) K.C. Mohan is reported for the first time from Eastern Ghats of Odisha state. Detailed description, photoplate and relevant notes are provided.

1 illus, 6 ref

022454   Bhat K G (Boatny Dep, Poornapranja College, Taxonomy Research Centre, Udupi-576 101, Email: kakunje_bhat@yahoo.co.in) : New plant records for Karnakata state, India. Indian J For 2016, 39(1), 67-8.

Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu and Hyptis capitata Jacq. are recorded as additions to the Flora of Karnakata state.

2 illus, 4 ref

022453   Bandyopadhyay S;Krishna G;Venu P (Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah-711 103, Email: subirbandyopadhyay@yahoo.com) : Failings in holotype deposition of twelve plant names. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 407-7.

This paper points out that the holotypes of twelve plant names were deposited in herbaria other than those stated in the protologues.

1 ref

022452   Baluni P;Rakesh Kumar;Chamoli K;Joshi H K (Zoology Dep, Govt. Degree College Chawbattakhal, Pauri Garhwal, uttrakhand, Email: drjoshihk2013@gmail.com) : Studies on the periphyton density, diversity and physico-chemical parameters of lastar gad stream in district Rudraprayag from India. J Mount Res 2017, 12(Dec), 73-9.

The study deals with the study of physico-chemical characteristics and the periphytic algal community of the Lastar Gad stream in district Rudraprayag, state Uttarakhand, India. During the investigation it was found that the periphytic algal community of Lastar Gad stream was represented by 27 taxa belonging to 3 major class namely Bacillariophyceae (Gomphonema, Navicula, Nitzchia, Fragilaria, Cymbella, Synedra, Achnanthes, Amphora, Bacillaria, Diatoma, Epithemia, Tabellaria etc), Chlorophyceae (Cladophora, Oedogonium, Spirogyra sp., Cosmarium sp., Closterium sp., Geminela sp., Microspora sp., Volvox sp., Zygenema sp. and Ulothrix sp.) and Cyanophyceae (Phormidium sp., Rivularia sp., Nostoc sp., Calothrix sp. and Anabeana sp.)

7 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

022451   Attar H M;Hfarheen M;Shruthi R;Murthy S M (Botany Dep, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru-560 052, Email: jeejamurthy@gmail.com) : Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on physiological and biochemi-cal activities in Plectranthus barbatus andrews and Mentha piperita piperita L.. J mycopathol Res 2018, 55(4), 353-7.

The study was conducted to observe the various aspects related to drought tolerance in arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) inoculated Plectranthus barbatus (= Coleus forskholi iforskholii) arid Mentha piperitapiperitaplants.Non AM and AM plants were grown under normal and water stressed conditions. Water stress was induced with the help of PEG and Glomus mosseae spores were used for AM source. The plants were taken to determine the effects of AM fungi under stress condition on relative water content (RWC), water potential (ψ) and free proline. In this comparative study AM fungi had influence on RWC, water potential and proline accumulation under normal and stress conditions with and without AM fungi. Mycorrhizal plants had higher leaf water potential, RWC than non mycorrhizal plants. However, the proline accumulation was lower in mycorrhizal plants compared to non mycorrhizal plants. Both the plants have shown well adjustment towards water stress.

3 illus, 29 ref

022450   Annamma P S;Venu P;Rao Y V (Botanical Survey of India, Deccan Regional Center, Hyderabad-500 048, Email: anna87shine@gmail.com) : Cyathocline manilaliana (Compositae). Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 381-3.

The report concerns the collection of Cyathocline manilaliana C. P. Raju & R. R. V. Raju after the type collection from Telangana. Its detailed description supported by an illustration and supplementary notes on diagnosis are provided in this article.

1 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

022449   Alwathnani H A (Botany and Microbiology Dep, King Saud Univ, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh-11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: wathnani@ksu.edu.sa) : Antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of Artemisia species against some pathogenic bacteria. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 621-4.

The present study was lead with a view to evaluate the antibacterial potentials of aqueous extracts of Artemisia species against human pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli (E.coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (Entero. faecalis) by two methods, first method was minimum inhibitory concentration (abbreviation: MIC) and sound method was minimum bactericidal concentration (abbreviation: MBC). Three crude plants extracts namely Artemisia monosperma, Artemisia cina and Artemisia argyi were found to show potential antibacterial properties against the isolated human pathogenic bacterial isolates. The results of MIC and MBC values of Artemisia monosperma for Enterococcus faecalis strains were at least concentration almost 2.3 and 4.1 mg/ml respectively, while MIC and MBC of Artemisia cina for Escherichia coli were highest concentration 3.9 and 4.9 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, MIC and MBC values for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis strains was correspondent with MIC and MBC values of Escherichia coli for aqueous extracts of Artemisia species meanwhile it is Artemisia cina which showed maximum activity against Escherichia coli. Among the Artemisia species tested, Artemisia cina showed the most promising result. Form these results prove the - 79 - antibacterial potential of the plants and hence provide support for the use of them in traditional medicine.

2 tables, 26 ref

022448   Alkammash N M (Botany and Microbiology Dep, College of Science, King Saud Univ, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, Email: n.alkammash@hotmail.com) : Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Artemisia sieberi and Calotropis procera medical plant extracts and their characterization using SEM analysis. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 521-6.

The synthesis, characterization and application of biologically synthesized nanomaterials have become important research areas in nanotechnology, and the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants is being increasingly studied largely because this approach is considered to lack the problems associated with conventional synthesis. Here we report the synthesis and characterization (using a scanning electron microscope) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained using extracts of leaves of the medicinal plants, Artemisia sieberi and Calotropis procera. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles which were confirmed by analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using UV-vis spectrophotometer at 482 nm. SEM analysis of the synthesized Ag NPs clearly showed that the particles were predominantly spherical in shape, mostly aggregated and having a size around 8-20 nm. Finally, we consider that the nanoparticles synthesized in this study have potential for wide application in nanotechnology and nanomedicine.

2 tables, 56 ref

021405   Sucheta C B;Vasant B K (Botany and Research Centre Dep, K. T. H. M. College, Nashik) : Antibacterial activity of leaves and bark of Aegiceras corniculatum L.. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(4), 177-85.

The study investigated antibacterial activities in leaves and bark of (Aegiceras corniculatum L.) mangrove plants. Mangroves are salt-tolerant plants of tropical and subtropical intertidal regions of the world. Nearly 65 species of mangrove reported from world and approximately 59 species from 29 families are reported in India. The leaves and bark of Aegiceras corniculatum were tested against the seven bacterial strains are Escherichia coli(u), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis using Agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of 10 (WB, MB, EB, CB, PB, WL, ML, EL, CL, PL) different extracts were studied. The antibacterial activity studied at range of 50-500 μg / ml concentration of extracts. Antibacterial activity of methanolic (MB, ML) and chloroform extracts (CB, CL) shows more significant than ethyl acetate, water and petroleum ether extracts. The results suggested that these plants could be exploited in the management of various infectious diseases and their extracts might have roles as pharmaceuticals and preservatives.

4 tables, 15 ref

021404   Srivastava R K;Singh P K (Botany Dep, Atarra P.G. College, Atarra, Banda (U.P.)-210 201, Email: rajesh_botany@rediffmail.com) : Survey for leaf spot fungi from forest region of banda with special reference to genus Cercospora. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 186-90.

Five species of Cercospora viz. C. albizziicola; C. curcumina, C. dolicosina; C. nyctanthidis and C. ocimigena producing leaf spots on Albizzia lebbeck, Curcuma angustifolia, Dolicos lab-lab, Nyctanthis arbor-tristis and Oscimum sanctum respectively are described.

5 illus, 13 ref

021403   Srivastava N K;Indrajeet (Botany Dep, S.D.J. (P.G.) College, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh (U.P.), Email: naveen.srivastava15@yahoo.com) : Study of interaction between am fungi and vermicompost on growth and nutrient content of methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) in un-sterile of soil from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 210-4.

The interaction between Acaulospora laevis, Glomus fasciculatum, G. mosseae (AM fungi) and vermicompost on growth and nutrient of Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) in un-sterile soil was studied. The plants inoculated with G.fasciculatum showed increased fresh weight, shoot length, root length, nodules and leaves over the control. There were also significant increases in nutrients; N,P, Ca and Zn increased in plants treated with G. mosseae; Mg and Cu increased in plants treated together with A. laevis, G.fasciculatum, G. mosseae, and vermicompost; and Fe increased in plants treated with G.fasciculatum. The increase in growth and nutrients of Methi were proportional to the increase in root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The available P and N from AM fungal inoculated soil after harvest was less than that in un-inoculated soil indicating that AM fungi have helped in mobilization of P and N from soil to plant.

3 tables, 9 ref

021402   Palghadmal K (Botany Dep, Arts, Commerce, and Science College, Satral, Tal. Rahuri Dist, Ahmednagar (M.S.), Email: tapasekhalpana8@gmail.com) : Fungicide tolerance against strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 215-20.

Ten strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum were isolated from ten localities from Pravara area and labeled as B₁, B₂, B₃, B₄, B₅ .... B₁₀. These isolates were tested for different fungicides combination From the finding it was interesting to note that the B. japonicum strains showed variation in resistance to different fungicides combination.

4 tables, 11 ref

021401   Misra B;Kameshwari M N S (Botany Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056) : Evaluation of primary metabolites in different accessions of Urginea indica, Kunth.. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(4), 56-65.

Quantitative analysis of primary metabolites such as Protein, Carbohydrate, Amino acids, Vitamins and lipids have been made in five - 50 - different accessions of Urginea indica collected from various localities of Karnataka and Kerala Gubbi Ramanagar, Kerala(Trissur), Rangantitu island and foothills of Gopalaswamibetta. The bulb parts of the plant being medicinally important, it is essential to know its primary metabolites content in bulbs. The Primary Metabolites varied in these content in different accessions studied. Amino acids content varied from lowest (34.47μg/ml) Gubbi to highest in Kerala (52.38μg/ml). While protein content least found in Gubbi (17.04μg/ml) highest in kerala (85.82μg/ml). Carbohydrate least in Gubbi (42.65μg/ml) and highest in Gopalaswamibetta (91.43μg/ml) and lipids highest in Gubbi. In other 4 accessions ranged from (29.01μg/ml to 30.90μg/ml) almost similar lipid contents. Rangantitu showed highest Carbohydrate content in these bulbs while Kerala shows more of protein content and Gubbi stands first in their lipid Content whereas Vitamin C was found to be more in Gopalaswamibetta (80.55 μg/ml) followed by Rangantitu (74.5 μg/ml), kerala (54.35 μg/ml), Ramanagar(46.29 μg/ml) and Gubbi(38.23 μg/ml).

5 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

021400   Mishra S (Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Effect of PAR and PAR+UV-B on photosynthetic pigment and antioxidative enzymes activity in cyanobacterium scytonema geitleri. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(4), 140-61.

Cynobacterium Scytonema geitleri investigated for Phycobiliprotien, Chlorophyll a and protein content after PAR and PAR+UV-B exposure for 48 h duration. In all type of irradiation phycobiliprotein content was declined with maximum decline (88%) on PAR+UV-B exposure than PAR only exposure. Most affected phycobiliprotein was Phycocyanin and second was phycoerythrin. At 12 h of PAR+UV-B exposure phycobiliproteins concentration decline up to 50% in compare with the control. Chlorophyll a concentration increased on short period of PAR+UV-B exposure and then fell down up to the level of control on longer period of PAR+UVB exposure. Antioxidative enzyme activity has increases under PAR+UV-B only exposure with highest increase of APX and CAT. SOD activity was decreases drastically under PAR only exposure.

8 illus, 42 ref

021399   Kaplan M;Ozgen I (NO, Plant Protection Research Institue, Diyarbakir, Turkey) : New record for Turkish cleridae family (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the cherry agroecosystem : Opilo tilloides chevrolat, 1876. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2018, 5(1), 27-8.

This study was carried out in order to determine the harmful and beneficial insects found in the cherry orchards between 2016 to 2017 years in Mardin province. In order to determine the species caught in the wine feeding traps that are hanging on the cherry trees. It was determined as Opilo tilloides Chevrolat, 1876, (Coleoptera: Cleridae), when the collected samples are examined. Moreover, the species was found to be a new record for Turkey fauna in this study. This information is the first information about habitat preference.

2 illus, 7 ref

021398   Kanimozhi G;Panneerselvam A (Botany and Microbiology Dep, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College, Poondi-613 503) : Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms as biofertilizers. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(6), 29-45.

In the study, the soil samples were collected from Avicennia marina rhizosphere soil samples Muthukuda, Arasankarai and Mumbalai mangroves. Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) were isolated from each sample by serial dilution and spread plate method. The isolated - 49 - fungal species belongs to two division, Ascomycetes (2 genera) and Deuteromycetes (2 genera). The fungal strains were identified as Aspergillus flavus, A. humicola, A. niger, A. quercinus, A. ruber, A. rugulosus, A. sulphureus, A. ustus, A. wentii, Gliomastix cerealis, Paecilomyces elegans, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sp, P.oxalicum, P. nigricans and Sterile mycelium based upon their colony morphology, spore characteristics and microscopic studies. Phosphate solubilizing ability of fungal strains was tested in types of media. Fungi were isolated from mangrove soil samples were capable of solubilizing the phosphate. On 3rd day of observation, four isolates viz., Aspergillus flavus, A.niger, P.oxalicum and Penicillium sp has showed the clear zone measuring 1.7, 2.3, 1.5 and 1 cm on Modified Rose Bengal agar medium. Physico-Chemical characterization were analysed. Avicennia marina rhizosphere soil samples in three different sampling sites showed soil texture, pH, density, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity and micro and macro nutrients were analysed.

7 tables, 12 ref

021397   Gaykhe R C;Kadam V B (Botany and Research Centre P.G. Dep, K. T. H. M. College, Nashik) : Estimation of pigments content in leaves of Cassia tora Linn.. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2017, 6(4), 186-90.

Cassia tora Linn. has been found to display varied pharmacological activities. Several research workers have reported diverse biological activities of Cassia tora Linn. in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is a medicinal plant traditionally used as laxative, for the treatment of leprosy and various skin disorders. The continuous two year investigation showed that leaves generally accumulated highest amount of chlorophyll a (3.221), chlorophyll b (1.665) and carotenoid (3.682) in summer season compare to monsoon and winter.

1 table, 12 ref

021396   Filippov A V;et al. (Biological Studies Dep, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow region, 143050 Russia) : Vniifblight decision support system using in the potato late and early blight control. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(3), 112-7.

Potato is one of the most important food products in Russia. Causal agents of various potato diseases represent a significant factor reducing the productivity and quality of potato. A new version of the VNIIFBlight DSS has been designed to control both late and early blights of potato. This DSS uses combined information about the local climatic conditions, weather forecast, plant growth stage, disease resistance of potato cultivars, and fungicide characteristics. Depending on the combination of all these factors, one of three possible recommendations is proposed "Fungicide spraying is not required now", "The further fungicide spraying will be inefficient", "Fungicide spraying should be done" (with the indication of the list of fungicides which are the most suitable at this moment). In 2017, the field trials of a commercial online service to control the late and early blight of potato using this DSS version started at six potato farms located in the Moscow, Bryansk, Lipetsk, Belgorod, and Samara regions of Russia.

6 illus, 12 ref

021395   Deventhiran M;Wyson W J;Saravanan P;Anand D (Botany Dep, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Mylapore, Chennai-600 004, Email: anandesingh@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of antioxidant activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts of wild and micropropagated Cleome viscosa Linn.. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(8), 269-72.

Herbal medicines are now creature in modern dosage forms using modern manufacture in and processing techniques in pharmaceutical industry. Antioxidants assuage oxidative stress in cells and thereby help in the prevention and treatment of many diseases of humans. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts - 48 - of wild and micro-propagated Cleome viscosa. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH ((2, 2 - diphenyl 1, picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging method for ethanol and chloroform extracts of wild and micro-propagated C. viscosa. The ethanol and chloroform extracts results were exhibited by strong antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity with percentage of antioxidant potential concentration wild and micro-propagated were found to be 77.74%, 76.45% and 63.54%, 55.16% respectively. The percentage was compare to positive standard compounds of ascorbic acid. The results were concluded that ethanol extracts possess effective antioxidant activity than that chloroform extracts.

^iia2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

021394   Bhat A I;Martin A;John A;Isaac N;Eapen S J (Crop Protection Div, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode-673 012, Email: aib65@yahoo.co.in) : Indian plant virus database - a platform for showcasing research on plant viruses in India. Curr Sci 2017, 113(1), 27-9.

Indian Plant Virus Database (IPVdb) (http://220.227.138.213/virusdb/) hosts information on plant viruses reported from India. To develop this, basic information on plant viruses, their occurrence, particle morphology, transmission, symptomatology and host range were collected and compiled from published literature. Sequence information corresponding to each of the virus species was gathered from the GenBank. The information assembled was organized as a searchable database using MySQL and PHP. In the home page of the database, a general outline about viruses, their history, taxonomy, transmission and management are provided. An alphabetical index of all virus species reported from India is also given in the home page along with their corresponding genera and family names. For each virus species entry, a brief introduction about the virus, its particle morphology, transmission, its natural host range, symptomatology and detection methods are given. Key references and all available sequences (both complete and partial) of each of the virus species are also provided. Selected sequences can be directly downloaded from the website in FASTA format for downstream analysis. Provision for BLAST analysis (Viro Blast) provided in the database will help researchers in quick identification of their samples.

2 illus, 7 ref

021393   Arvind Kumar;Kishor B (Botany Dep, T.N.B. College, Bhagalpur, Bihar, Email: akarvindkumar863@gmail.com) : Riparian vegetational diversity along river Ganga at Bhagalpur. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 191-9.

For the present study Ganga river bank near Prem Nagar, Sabour (Bhagalpur) was differentiated into two zones as site 'A' (Upper zone of the river bank) and site 'B' (Lower zone of the river bank). The species compositions, life form, biological spectrum, phenological and sociological characters of vegetation of two study sites were observed during pre-flowering stage. The 22 and 26 species were found at sites A and B respectively. In the biological spectrum therophytes and chamaephytes were dominant on both sites and called thero-chamaephytic flora. Phenological characters of the vegetation of two sites exhibited more annual species which completed life cycle within seven months. The quantitative analysis of the vegetation revealed that the greater area of both sites 'A' and 'B' were occupied by two dominant species Mollugo hitra and Ammania baccifera with 100% frequency and maximum important value index.

6 tables, 10 ref

021392   Anuragi M;Sharma T K (Botany Dep, Bipin Bihar P.G. College, Jhansi-284 001, Email: meenakshee.anuragi@yahoo.in) : Biocontrol of chickpea wilt disease by Fusarium oxysporum F. SP. ciceri with rhizosphere mycoflora. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 201-9.

Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens is a potential alternative to the use of chemical pesticides, which are harmful to environment. The rhizospheric fungal isolates were undertaken for the biocontrol. The fungal isolates of chickpea rhizosphere were evaluated for their biocontrol potential against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri under invitro study (dual culture method) and sick soil (pot) condition. Under in-vitro study, isolate Trichoderma reesei showed the strongest antagoinistic activity towards Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in dual cultural followed by Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus nidulans, Rhizopus oryzae, Curvularia clavata, Alternaria alternata - 47 - and Mucor spp.

4 tables, 22 ref

021391   Agrawal S;Narayan R (Botany Dep, I.P. (Post-Graduate) College, Bulandshahr-203 001, Email: rupnarayan2001@gmail.com) : Spatio-temporal organization and biomass dynamics of plant communities in a dry tropical peri-urban region: deterministic role of alien flora in anthropo-ecosystems. Curr Sci 2017, 113(1), 53-62.

The species nativity, growth form, habit, invasion status, aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) distribution and soil characteristics across six diverse habitat conditions were studied in a peri-urban region in Indian dry tropics to understand their deterministic impact on vegetation structure. Eighty-seven plant species, predominantly annuals (67%), belonging to 28 angiosperm families were recorded. Among them, 89% were exotics (largest of American and Asian origins) and 48% of the exotics were invasives while 16% were naturalized. AGB of annuals was higher than perennials, but the difference in their BGB was insignificant. Compared to natives, the exotics had higher AGB and BGB. Among them, the AGB species of South America, Asia and the Indian subcontinent had higher AGB, but the order was reversed in case of BGB. Similarly, AGB of invasives was higher than natives, but they showed comparable BGB. 'Non-native annual forbs' were the most dominant functional groups in terms of both AGB and BGB. The ordination results varied with plant BGB and AGB. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated dominant role of exotic invasives (mainly of American and European origin) and significant influence of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen on vegetation organization. At lower SOC, AGB and BGB were comparable for both native and exotics. However, with the increase in SOC, native AGB and BGB declined, whereas AGB of nonnative species increased. In conclusion, the study revealed large intrusion of alien floras into anthropoecosystems in Indian dry tropics, which significantly impacted structure and ecological processes both aboveground and belowground, as against better adaptation potential of the natives belowground.

1 illus, 2 tables, 46 ref

020518   Weisany W;Sohrabi Y;Siosemardeh A; Ghassemi-Golezani K (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad Univ, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran, Email: weria.wisany@gmail.com) : Funneliformis mosseae fungi changed essential oil composition in Trigonella foenum graecum L., Coriandrum sativum L.and Nigella sativa L.. J essential Oil Res 2017, 29(3), 276-87.

A field experiment was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) on nutrients uptake, biomass production, yield components, chlorophyll content and essential oil yield and composition in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and nigella (Nigella sativa L.). All these medicinal plants were grown with or without AM fungi colonization. A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed to compare the treatments. Mycorrhiza colonization increased shoot P, Ca, Zn and Fe contents. However, K contents of fenugreek and nigella was not affected by AM colonization. AM colonization significantly increased the growth and yield components, chlorophyll content, and EO yield as compared to non-colonized plants. Changes in EO composition were detected in AM-colonized fenugreek, coriander and nigella plants. The contents of ether, limonene, carvone, iso-dihydrocarvone, myristicin, p-cymene, decanal, 2-decenal and n-dihydrocarvone were enhanced in EO obtained from AM-colonized plants, while AM colonization resulted in a lesser content of β-phellandrene, iso-dihydrocarveol, 1-decanol, cis-sabinol, pentadecanal, 2-pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl, cis-9,17-octadecadienal, phytol and trans-2-dodecenal.

3 illus, 3 tables, 88 ref

020517   Thakur S D;Kapoor K S;Samant S S (Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Dep, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaghati, Shimla-171 009, Email: shalu2006@gmail.com) : Diversity, distribution and indigenous uses of some threatned medicinal plants in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern himalaya. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 42-5.

In the remote areas of the Indian Himalayan Region, the inhabitants largely depend on medicinal plants for curing diseases and income generation. But, proper documentation of the medicinal plants has been poorly attempted. The value of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices provides clues to latest areas of research in biodiversity conservation. Keeping this in view, - 77 - the present study has been conducted to study the diversity, distribution and indigenous uses of medicinal plants in Kullu district of the Himachal Pradesh. A total 528 economically important plant species (Angiosperms: 477; Gymnosperms: 09 and Pteridophytes: 42) belonging to 103 families and 294 genera were recorded and used by the inhabitants of the area. Amongst 528 economically important species, 223 species were used as medicine, 85 species were found to be as wild edible/food, 175 species having fodder value, 49 species providing fuel, 11 species of timber importance, 44 species of religious significance, 20 of them being used for making agricultural implements whereas, 11 are being used as insecticide and 10 of them used as condiments in the study area. Maximum species (477 spp.) were reported in the altitudinal zone of 2100m-2800m above msl and species diversity decreased with increasing altitude in the study area. The continued over-exploitation, habitat degradation and changing environmental conditions may lead to the extinction of these species within a few years. Therefore, regular monitoring of population and habitats using standard ecological methods, development of conventional and in-vitro propagation protocols, establishment of species in in-situ and ex-situ conditions have been suggested.

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

020516   Tabasum S;Khare S;Jain K (Botany Dep, Govt. Science and Commerce College Benazeer, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: shaziatabasum49@gmail.com) : Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of abrus precatorius L. (Gunja), seeds. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(6), 2631-5.

The excessive exploitation of medicinal plants during recent years raises the issues regarding their quality, safety and efficacy. In this respect, there has been a rapid increase in the standardization of medicinal plants with therapeutic potential. In spite of the new techniques, identification and evaluation of plant drugs pharmacognostic study is more cheap and reliable. Abrus precatorius L. of family Fabaceae is native to India and is locally known as Rati. It is widely employed in traditional medicinal systems. The present investigation deals with the macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the seeds of this species to record the parameters of diagnostic value. Macroscopic studies comprised of shape, size, taste, colour, odour etc. Microscopic studies were done by using trinocular microscope. Anatomy of the seed was studied by taking transverse sections. Such information will be used for further therapeutical and pharmacological evaluation of the species and will also help in maintaining the quality and purity of sample. Moreover, the study would also serve as a valuable tool in drug identification and in ensuring quality formulations.

3 illus, 19 ref

020515   Sinitha K;Thoppil J E (Cell and Molecular Biology Div, Botany Dep, Calicut Univ, Calicut-673 635, Email: sinithak@gmail.com) : Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammation and chemical composition of methanolic extract of Amomum masticatorium thwaites (Zingiberaceae). Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(12), 413-18.

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract of Amomum masticatorium rhizome were observed in various experimental models. Phytochemical constituents like phenols and flavonoids were also - 76 - estimated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and super oxide radical scavenging assays. The extract showed significant antioxidant activity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was investigated by various methods viz. albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization and proteinase inhibitory assays. Results showed that, the extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation with IC₅₀ value 34.15 ± 0.404μg/ml, effectively stabilized RBC membrane with IC₅₀ value of 51.47 ± 1.56μg/ml and significantly inhibited proteinase activity with IC₅₀ value of 52.8 ± 0.61μg/ml. In vivo activity was evaluated in carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema test in mice and compared with that of standard drug diclofenac. In both the models the extract showed significant reduction in edema. The extract at 200mg/kg b. wt showed significant reduction in carrageenan induced paw edema at 3rd hour and chronic edema on 6th day. From the results, it is concluded that, methanol extract of Amomum masticatorium rhizome exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which may be due to the presence of active phytochemicals in it.

5 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

020514   Sharma V;Dwivedi S N (NO, , Gadariya Turn, Ratahara, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drsndwivedi@yahoo.co.in) : Investigation of pollination values of Nigella sativa Linn.. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(8), 5157-8.

Pollination is a essential forerunner of seed production and the mean by favorable adaptation can spread through a pollination. It will result in the profuction and formation on fruits in angiospermic plant. The present papers deals with the investigation of pollination value of Nigella sativa.

2 tables, 7 ref

020513   Sharma V;Dwivedi S N (NO, , Gadariya Turn, Ratahara, Rews, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drsndwivedi@yahoo.co.in) : Nigella sativa: a magic herb of pivotal importance. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(8), 5125-6.

Medicinal plants have been used for curing diseases for many centuries in different indigenous systems of medicine as well as folk medicines. Moreover, medicinal plants are also used in the preparation of herbal medicines as they are considered to be safe as compared to modern allopathic medicines. Many researchers are focusing on medicinal plants since only a few plant species have been thoroughly investigated for their medicinal properties, potential, mechanism of action, safety evaluation and toxicological studies. Nigella sativa (nigella or kalonji), is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. The herb is widely used in the treatment of various disease of human ailment. The present paper deals with the medicinal attributes of the herb.

8 ref

020512   Saranya D;Ravi R (Botany Dep, Government Arts College, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu-643 002, Email: sharanyaasenthil121@gmail.com) : Nilgiri rhododendron: a high altitude - 75 - medicinal tree explored for its antimicrobial activity. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(4), 1830-5.

The confined reports on Rhododendron arboreum Sm spp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg stimulated to examine the bioactive compounds and the antimicrobial activity of its flower and bark extracts against medically critical human pathogenic microbes, apart from the availability of several reports on its main species R. arboreum. The microbial strains used for the study were four bacterial (Streptococcus pyogene, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two fungal (Candida albicans and Trichoderma viride) strains. Agar well diffusion method is applied to assess the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the plant sample. Various fractions of aqueous, ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, glycosides, amino acids and proteins. The methanol extract of flower revealed a promising antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae respectively. This study shows a broad and great therapeutic potential of the plant extract. However further studies are necessary for this potent plant extracts to evaluate the other parameters of antimicrobial efficacy.

22 ref