005465   Nayak S P;Ray P;Sahoo P K (Microbiology Dep, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, Email: saritnayak01@gmail.com) : Molecular characterization and identification of an alkalophilic bacterial strain isolated from a local hotspring atri, Khurda district, Odisha, India. Asian J Bio Sci 2013, 8(2), 189-93.

The study was conducted to isolate, identify, characterize and to determine the enzymatic activities of the thermophiles from Atri hot spring of odisha The optimal temperature for growth of these isolates was 55 °C and the optimal pH was 8. These bacterial cells were Gram positive rods and endospore forming. All the strains were amylase, catalase and oxidase positive but gelatinase and caseinase negative but isolate Al showed the best amylase producing. The phenotypic characterization of those isolates was confirmed by genotypic method using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Maximal homology of isolate Al to genus Geobacillus was observed. Isolate Al showed 96 per cent homology with Geobacillus sp. WCH 70 (Accession no. NC 012793.1). Therefore, 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis can be considered as a valuable genotypic tool for the identification and characterization of this thermophilic bacterium at genus level. Moreover, enzymatic products of these isolates could receive considerable attention due to their potential applications in biotechnology.

1 table, 16 ref

005464   Meitei A M;Marak Q (Anthropology Dep, North-Eastern Hill Univ, Shillong-793 022, Email: milanakoijam93@gmail.com ) : Megalithic burial stones from Jaintia hills, Meghalaya. South Asian Anthrop 2013, 13(2), 157-66.

Jaintias are a matrilineal tribe living in Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya in the north-eastern region of India. They are well-known for their custom of a living megalithic tradition just like the Nagas and Karbis in the region. However, the Jaintia megaliths are of different types such as menhirs, cists, dolmen etc. and meant for different functions, such as commemorative, funerary and ceremonial. The funerary aspect of Jaintia megaliths stands out since they are one of the very few communities who have a continued tradition of the same. This practice of burial stones is found to be a living culture among them since the prehistoric past In this paper, we propose to study this interesting aspect of Jaintia megaliths using the approach of ethnoarchaeology. These structures are of different kinds and dimensions and having different connotations to the society at large. These stones are connected to different social groupings such as family and clan, and there are different accompanying rituals. In this paper the burial stones, their meaning, place and role in burial and funerary occasions will be discussed. Finally, their significance to the present day Jaintia matrilineal society and will be analyzed.

4 illus, 46 ref

005463   Maharana A K;Ray P (Microbiology Dep, C.B.S.H., Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: abhas_maharana@yahoo.com) : Isolation and screening of cold active extracellular enzymes producing psychrotrophic bacteria from soil of Jammu city. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 267-73.

Extracellular cold active enzymes from psychrotrophs and psychrophiles have higher enzymatic activity at lower temperature than their mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts. A total of twenty soil samples were collected from different sites of Jammu city (India) such as from garden, citrus orchards, guava field, and brinjal field in winter season. These samples were screened for the isolation of psychrotrophic microorganisms at 15°C by serial dilution method. Maximum incidences of psychrotrophic bacteria were found to be present in garden soil samples (33.33%) and bacterial load was 13.5x10^{5 Cfu/gm. Only eleven isolates among 40 were grown at 4°C. The isolated psychrotrophic bacteria were belong to the genera of Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, E coli and Micrococcus. All the above isolates of bacteria were tested for the production of cold active extracellular enzymes like proteases, cellulases, amylases, pectinases, and lipases. Enzymatic performance was evaluated at 4, 15 and 30°C by plate assay method. Lipase activities at both 4 and 15°C were detected as maximum than others by 27.5% and 85% of the bacterial isolates respectively. The potential of these psychrotrophic bacteria as a resource of enzymes have found their way into biotechnological and industrial applications.}

6 tables, 23 ref

005462   Karim A H M Z (Sociology and Anthropology Dep, International Islamic Univ, Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia-53100, Email: ahmzkarim@yahoo.com) : Child labour situation in the commercial and construction sectors in Bangladesh: an empirical study based on two regions. South Asian Anthrop 2013, 13(2), 167-73.

It is agreed universally that child labour always deprives the children from their basic rights of education and other potentialities of life; it affects their dignity and also at the same time, it is very much harmful to their physical and mental development. Yet, the employment of under-aged children has remained to be an important issue in many countries of the world, including Bangladesh. This research is an initiative to generate data on the child labour in Bangladesh, especially identifying them from the commercial and construction sectors of the country. It is reflected from our data that there is no major differentiation in the pattern of child labour in Rajshahi and Bogra, the two cities where the study was conducted; rather, the socio-cultural and economic features of the children in both these places remain to be almost similar. In the city areas, the children are sent to works, often being compelled by their family members, because of having tremendous socio-cultural and economic crisis. There is an indication that the children who can read and write must have gone to schools to begin their early courses, but they somehow had to discontinue by dislodging their ideas later, due to financial crisis.

1 table, 9 ref

005461   Kamble G A;Shah R C;Tumane P M (Pulses Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104, Email: gitakola09@gmail.com) : Characterization and antibiogram study of E. coli clinical isolates. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 329-32.

Hospital environment is most suitable reservoir for nosocomial pathogens. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the global drug resistance in these microbes leading to several health hazards. E.coli is one such bacterial pathogen. It is therefore important to isolate and identify it from various clinical samples and study its antibiogram. In present study a total of one hundred samples of blood, urine, pus and stool collected from various pathology laboratories were used for isolation of E.coli. Twenty eight samples were reported positive for the occurrence of E.coli in them. The highest rate of incidence was found in stool samples whereas all the pus samples analyzed were negative. Antibiogram study of these E.coli clinical isolates showed resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin followed by amoxycillin and ciprofloxacin. Absolute sensitivity to chloramphenicol and tetracycline followed by norfloxacin, imipenem, streptomycin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin was observed. All most all isolates showed multiple drug resistance.

3 tables, 41 ref

005460   Geethanjali P A;Shradha J R (Microbiology P.G. Dep, Cauvery Campus, Madikeri-571 201, Email: geethanjalipa07@gmail.com) : Screening of potential lignin degrading fungi from the litter of Mangifera indica. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 255-7.

Litter is the surface layer of the forest floor consisting of freshly fallen leaves, needles, twigs, stems, bark and fruits. Litter biota varies with depth and with stage of decay. Litter contain about 20-50% lignin. Because of the size and complexity of lignin, its decomposition rate is slow. Fungi especially basidiomycetes are generally recognized as the major group responsible for lignin degradation. The lignolytic enzymes are being used in food, textile, paper industries and in the degradation of lignin rich agro-waste. In the present work lignin degrading fungi were isolated from the litter of Mangifera indica. About 58% of the total fungi isolated were found to be potential lignin degraders. The isolates were tested for enzyme activity and those showing maximum activity were tested for their efficiency to degrade areca and coffee husk. The Chaetomium sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp and Trichoderma sp were found to degrade areca and coffee husk effectively.

2 illus, 12 ref

005459   Dorjee B;Das S (Anthropology Dep, North Bengal Univ, Raja Rammohunpur, District Darjeeling-734 013, Email: kadelb@ymail.com) : Zinc deficiency among Indian children. South Asian Anthrop 2013, 13(2), 103-9.

Important essential trace element found in every tissue of the human body is zinc. The pervasive role of zinc in the metabolic function of the body results from its function as a cofactor of a multitude of enzymes. As zinc metalloenzymes are found in every known class of enzymes, the element plays an important function in every conceivable biochemical pathway. It is now clearly established that zinc confers no additional benefits to an individual with adequate zinc status while it can potentially lead to harmful effects by disturbing the milieu of other trace metals in the body. Information on the zinc status of Indian children is meager perhaps due to lack of reliable parameters. The present paper briefly discusses the extent, causes and effects of zinc deficiency among Indian children, along with its biomarkers and supplementation.

3 tables, 60 ref

005458   Chundawat H;Joshi H (Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Dep, Vigyan Bhawan, Block B, Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: hema.chundawat@gmail.com) : Isolation identification and detection of bile tolerance of lactobacilli. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 259-62.

Total of 200 strains of lactobacilli were isolated on MRS agar medium from 24 samples comprising of 11 samples of cow milk, 8 samples of camel milk and 5 samples of curd. Among 200 strains 74 strains were recovered from cow milk samples, 82 from camel milk samples and 44 from curd samples. A total of 125 out of 200 isolates were appeared as rods, showed negative catalase reaction, yellow colonies on BCP supplemented MRS agar and also positive reaction for litmus milk. All the 125 isolates showed 194 bp amplified product there by confirming that they belong to genus Lactobacillus. Among 125 Lactobacillus isolates 45 Lactobacillus isolates showed bile tolerance as they were able to grow at minimum concentration of sodium taurocholate that was 0.2%. Among 45 Lactobacillus isolates 36 Lactobacillus isolates showed growth at fairly high concentration 0.3% of bile and out of them 22 Lactobacillus isolates showed growth up to maximum concentration (0.4%) of bile used in the study. These 22 Lactobacillus isolates can be used as potent probiotics as they have showed demonstrable tolerance to sodium taurocholate.

3 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

005457   Chandekar C J;Bhaje S (Microbiology Dep, Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur-12, Email: chandekar.c@yahoomail.com) : Evaluation of antifungal property of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a biopesticide against phytopathogenic fungi. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 249-53.

Biopesticides include naturally occurring substances that control pests and are considered eco-friendly and easy to use. In present study, the antifungal activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens was assessed. Pseudomonas fluorescens was cultivated using banana peel out, watermelon skin or agro-waste showed that the strain was capable of meeting its components required for growth. Pseudomonas fluorescens proved to be active against some plant pathogenic fungi such as Curvularia Lunata, Alternaria Cajani, Helminthosporium etc. Being able to inhibit the growth of phyto-pathogenic fungi Pseudomonas may potentially be used as a bio-pesticide. So it was concluded during the study that Pseudomonas can be used as a Bio-pesticide against plant pathogenic fungi and it can also be grown efficiently on agro-waste.

4 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

005456   Braganca J M;Furtado I (NO, BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, NH 17 B, Zuarinagar, Goa, Email: jbraganca@yahoo.com) : Resistance of Halobacterium strain R1 to cadmium during growth in mineral salts medium devoid of growth factors. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 299-302.

Growth of Halobacterium strain R1 an archaeal isolate from the Ribandar salt pan of the Mandovi estuary in Goa, India was studied for its response to Cd^{+2 ions, during growth in nutrient rich medium with 25% crude salt (NTYE) and on laboratory formulated mineral salts medium with 20% NaCl and 0.2% glucose as sole source of carbon (NGSM). Increasing concentrations of 1mM - 4mM Cd+2 in NTYE extended the lag phase, the log phase and retarded the growth rate of the culture, while 5mM Cd+2 totally abolished growth. A maximum of 1 mM Cd+2 ions in mineral salts medium stimulated growth and pigmentation of the haloarchaeon whereas a 2.5 mM concentration was inhibitory. The MIC of 2.5 mM Cd+2, in mineral salts medium, devoid of growth factors, although 50% less than that observed in NTYE reflects undoubtedly the True MIC for the culture.}

2 illus, 16 ref

005455   Bhosale H J;Kadam T A;Sukalkar S R (School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Nanded-431 606, Email: bhoslehemlata@gmail.com) : Hydrolytic enzyme profiling of moderately halophilic Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from saline soils. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 337-43.

Extracellular hydrolytic enzymes derived from halophiles are an important group of biotechnologically relevant enzymes that find immense industrial applications. In the present study, 84 moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from saline soil of Mumbai port, India and screened for their ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes including amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, L-asparginase and inulinase using plate assay. 37 isolates showed amylase activity, 34 showed proteolytic activities whereas xylanase, cellulase, pectinase, lipase, inulinase and L-asparginase activities were observed in 25, 22, 7, 20, 2 and 17 isolates respectively. Hydrolytic activity scores of the isolates were determined depending on their ability to produce number of hydrolytic enzymes. Based on hydrolytic activity scores, the isolate MHB32 was selected as a potential hydrolase producer and identified as Staphylococcus xylosus after morphological and biochemical studies and by 16S rRNA analysis. The isolate showed maximum production of protease (77 U/mL) followed by amylase (56 U/mL), L-asparginase (43 U/mL), lipase (25 U/mL), xylanase (23 U/mL) and cellulase (17 U/ mL) respectively. The study revealed the significance of S. xylosus in having combined hydrolytic activities and may open up new applications in various fields of biotechnology.

3 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

005454   Bakri M M (Microbiology Dep, Dean of Academic Campus for Girls, Jazan Univ, Saudi Arabia) : Knowledge and attitude towards HIV among academic campus for girls students, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 241-5.

This cross-sectional study among 250 Academic campus for Girls students, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, examined their level of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS. Th study revealed that the majority of the students have a very good knowledge of HIV/AIDS; in general students have a considerate and compassionate attitude towards those infected with HIV/AIDS; and the students have positive and healthy attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV/AIDS. Although, in general the students have a very good knowledge, they indicate the need for more sex education and awareness pro-grams about HIV/AIDS that could be given in high schools.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

005453   Attitalla I H;Alhendawi R A (Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhatr Univ, Box 919, Al-Bayda, Libya, Email: idressattitalla2004@yahoo.com) : Influence of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus on the protein contents contaminated with aflatoxins in peanut seeds at Al-Bayda Governorate, Libya. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 1-7.

Protein contents showed a big difference in peanut grains assessed by Kjeldahl's and Bailey's methods, the over all mean of protein content of the two peanut grains varieties are not differ significantly at P <60> 0.05. The protein content of peanut grains affected significantly (P <60> 0.01) by the time after contamination with Aspergillus species Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus (A.f Vs A.t), we suggested that it seems that the protein content of peanut increased from o day to 4 days after contamination, then decreased as the time after contamination increase until 20 days, the result from effect of contamination with Aspergillus that produce aflatoxin. The grains had been examined for aflatoxins's existence inside it shown that English peanut (Arachis hypogea L.), had been produced aflatoxins. The isolated fungi had been investigated for their capabilities to produce aflatoxins shown that only Aspergillus flavus had been produced aflatoxins.

5 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

005452   Anuradha B S;Jeevan Chandra S;Ram Reddy S (Microbiology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: sanditi_ramreddy@yahoo.com) : Production of ethanol with some starchy substrates by some yeast strains. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 393-400.

Investigations on possible use of different starches viz., potato starch, cassava starch, rice starch and corn starch as raw materials for ethanol production with seventeen strains of yeasts revealed that potato starch followed by cassava starch was found to be suitable, because of their easy digestibility by the two commercial enzymes, viz. Biotempase and Amylo 300L employed in the present investigations. Among the different ratios of enzymes investigated, a ratio of 3:7 of the two enzymes was found to yield better results in terms of both release of utilizable sugars and alcohol production. Interestingly, some strains were found to hydrolyze the raw starches, though in small quantities, even in the absence of externally supplied enzymes. In majority of the cases, good positive correlation between the released reducing sugars and alcohol produced was observed.

5 tables, 25 ref

005451   Akpo C O;Owhe-Ureghe U B (Pharmaceutical Microbiology Dep, Delta State Univ, Abraka, Nigeria, Email: oreva72@yahoo.com) : Effect of fresh leaf and stem pith extracts of Alchornea cordifolia on oral bacteria. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 55-9.

Some common oral infections in most parts of the world are treated traditionally by plant products because they are cheap and give little or no side effects. In this research, the effects of the crude leaf and stem pith extracts of Alchornea cordifolia was studied in vitro against four oral bacteria (Actinomyces viscosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus mutans) using the agar well diffusion method. Results show that the fresh juice from the stem pith of A. cordifolia displayed the highest antibacterial activity by significantly inhibiting all four bacterial species with zones of inhibition ranging between 28.7 ± 1.7 mm and 43.0 ± 2.0 mm. However, the leaf juice of the plant did not inhibit S. aureus and S. mutans. The concentrated leaf extracts at 575 mg/ml inhibited all the isolates significantly with zones of inhibition ranging from 14.0 ± 1.0 mm to 25.3 ± 0.5 mm. S. aureus was most susceptible to both the pith juice and the concentrated leaf juice. The in vitro potency of the fresh stem pith of Alchornea cordifolia is by this investigation, found to be an effective antibacterial agent against these organisms and so may be a good treatment for oral infections. The traditional use of the leaves for the management of dental caries and toothache caused by these bacteria is also scientifically validated in this research.

3 tables, 17 ref

005450   Agwan V;Kansal R;Asthana A;Madan M (Microbiology Dep, Subharti Medical College, Meerut-250 005, Email: vivek.agwan@gmail.com) : Study of metallo beta lactamase in meropenem resistant clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 309-12.

This study was undertaken to detect metallo-6-lactamase (MBL) in meropenem resistant clinical isolates of Gram negative bacteria. A total of 100 clinical isolates of meropenem resistant Gram negative bacteria, were selected for this study. All the isolates were screened for MBL production, by EDTA disk synergy (EDS) test, using both imipenem and meropenem separately. Among the 100 meropenem resistant clinical isolates 29 were found to be MBL producers. MBL production was detected in 19 out of 38 (50.0%) Pseudomonas species, 3 out of 46 (6.5%) Acinetobacter species, 5 out of 9 (55.5%) Klebsiella species, 1 out of 6 (16.6%) Escherichia coli and 1 (100.0%) Citrobacter species. MBL production is an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance and its prevalence amongst Gram negative bacteria is being increasing reported worldwide, not only in Pseudomonas species but also amongst other Gram negative bacteria. Detection of MBL producing gram negative bacilli is crucial for optimal treatment of patients and also to control the spread of resistance. EDS test is a sensitive test and is better than or comparable to other phenotypic tests for MBL detection. In our study EDS test using imipenem detected 29 and using meropenem detected 23 MBL producers. The difference between MBL producers detected by EDS test using imipenem and meropenem was 6 (P=0.970), which is not significant. Being inexpensive and easy to perform, EDS test using imipenem can become part of mainstream clinical laboratory testing for MBL.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

005449   Agarwal A;Jain A (Microbiology Dep, King George's Medical Univ, Lucknow, Email: amita602002@yahoo.com) : Glucose & Sodium chloride induced biofilm production & ica operon in clinical isolates of staphylococci. Indian J med Res 2013, 138(2), 262-6.

All colonizing and invasive staphylococcal isolates may not produce biofilm but may turn biofilm producers in certain situations due to change in environmental factors. This study was done to test the hypothesis that non biofilm producing clinical staphylococci isolates turn biofilm producers in presence of sodium chloride (isotonic) and high concentration of glucose, irrespective of presence or absence of ica operon. Clinical isolates of 100 invasive, 50 colonizing and 50 commensal staphylococci were tested for biofilm production by microtiter plate method in different culture media (trypticase soy broth alone or Supplemented with 0.9%. NaCl/5 or 10% glucose). All isolates were tested for the presence of ica ADBC genes by PCR. Biofilm production significantly increased in the presence of glucose and saline, most, when both glucose and saline were used together. All the ica positive staphylococcal isolates and some ica negative isolates turned biofilm producer in at least one of the tested culture conditions. Those remained biofilm negative in different culture conditions were all ica negative. The present results showed that the use of glucose or NaCl or combination of both enhanced biofilm producing capacity of staphylococcal isolates irrespective of presence or absence of ica operon.

2 tables, 28 ref

004480   Verma P;Kapri B C (Physical Education Dep, Banasthali Univ, Banasthali, Rajasthan) : Psychological health status of female players during different phases of menstruation cycle. Scient J Sports Exercise 2014, 10(2), 48-53.

Purpose of the study was to examine the psychological status (Pain, Water Retention, Autonomic Reactions, Negative Affect, Impaired Concentration, Behaviour Changes, Arousal, Control) of female players during Luteal Phase, Menstrual Phase & Follicular. Methodology: For the purpose of this study, 31 unmarried female players were selected. The subjects selected for this study were associated with different sports and were studying in Banaras Hindu University. The age of the subjects ranged between 20 to 25 years with having normal menstrual cycle of 28±2 and not taking medications under any medical treatment. Menstrual Distress Questionnaire has been used which was developed by Rudolf H. Moos. The Psychological data (Through Menstrual Distress Questionnaire) were taken under the following phases of menstruation cycle: (a) Menstrual phase (2nd day of menstruation) (b) Follicular phase (11th day from the menstruation starts) (d) Luteal phase (22nd Day from the menstruation starts), most of the psychological variables were i.e. Pain, Autonomic reactions, Negative Affect, Impaired concentration, Behavior change, Arousal and control were found a high intense severity during Menstrual Phase in comparison to Luteal & Follicular Phase in female players, only water retention was found highest during follicular phase. The sensitivity of psychological facts i.e. Pain, Autonomic reactions, Negative Affect, Impaired concentration, Behavior change, Arousal and control should be taken into consideration while planning training programme as well as should be clinically treated during menstrual phase.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

004479   Sujatha M;Revathi K;Babu M;Prabakaran R (Biochemistry Dep, Ethiraj College of Women, Chennai-600 008, Email: drbabum@gmail.com) : A biochemical study on the impact of diet supplementation on the antioxidant status of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Indian J vet Anim Sci Res 2014, 43(2), 104-12.

Biochemical study was conducted in Japanese quail to find out the efficiency of supplementation of diet with Selenium., Vitamin E, Ocimum Sanctum and their combinations on the blood antioxidant status. Day old Japanese quail chicks belonging to the same hatch were purchased and maintained in the Institute of Poultry Production and Management, Nandanam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Chicks were weighed and randomly distributed into 8 dietary treatments with 3 replicates of 7 chicks each (168 chicks). The control chicks were fed, only with basal diet (Tl) and the other treatments had, 0.2mg of selenium per kg diet (T2), 40mg of vitamin E per kg diet (T3),lg of Ocimum sanctum per kg diet (T4), Selenium 0.2mg and vitamin E 40mg per kg diet (T5), Vitamin E 40mg and Ocimum sanctum Ig per kg diet (T6), Selenium 0.2mg and Ocimum sanctum Ig per kg diet (T7), Selenium 0.2 mg, vitamin E 40 mg and Ocimum sanctum Ig per kg diet (T8). Isocaloric and Isonitrogenous feed and water were given ad libitum. Blood was drawn at the end of 4th, 8th and 12th week of age and the following antioxidant analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Reduced glutathione (Eyer 1986), Catalase (Sinha 1974), Glutathione peroxidase (Rotruck 1973), MDA lipid peroxidation (Yagi 1998). The results of the antioxidant analysis showed a highly significant (p<60> 0.01) increase in all supplemented groups with respect to control in all weeks. The MDA levels showed a highly significant (p<60>0.01) decrease in supplemented groups with respect to control in all weeks. The dietary supplementation of Selenium, Vitamin E and Ocimum sanctum has improved the blood antioxidant status. The combination of all the three supplements produced higher improvement than given alone.

4 tables, 18 ref

004478   Somani R B (Plant Pathology Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104, Email: rbsomani@yahoo.com) : Revisiting the genus Fusarium with special reference to Fusarium oxysporum. J Mycol Pl Pathol 2014, 44(1), 6-11.

20 ref

004477   Sabalpara A N (Director of Research & Dean PGS, Directorate of Research, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari-396 450, Email: sabalpara_2008@yahoo.com) : Mass multiplication of biopesticides at farm level. J Mycol Pl Pathol 2014, 44(1), 1-5.

2 tables, 17 ref

004476   Rani Prameela D;Sreenivasulu D (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati-517 502, Email: raniprameela.dr@gmail.com) : Random amplified polymorphic DNA for characterization of leptospira. Indian vet J 2013, 90(6), 9-12.

A total of 17 leptospiral isolates were recovered from the samples collected from animals and human beings of Andhra Pradesh. Later the isolates were characterized using Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A set of primers B11 and B12 were used to generate individual RAPD finger prints. The DNA finger prints obtained were distinct and could differentiate the strains. RAPD finger printing was found to be simple, sensitive in identification of Leptospira at serovar level.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

004475   Rajangam S;Tilak P (Anatomy Dep, International Medical School, Bangalore-560 054, Email: drsayee@gmail.com ) : Association of the chromosomal breakpoints in reciprocal translocation. Int J Hum Genet 2013, 13(3), 153-64.

Reciprocal translocation involves break and exchange of the chromosomal segments between two non-homologous chromosomes. It is aimed to report the association between the breakpoints in the chromosomes and the clinical conditions and the sex of the carrier. The present study has analyzed the data from 42 carriers and there were 17 male and 25 female carriers. For the total sample, it was observed that 25 were in bad obstetric history; 25 chromosomes belonged to C group; chromosome 1 was involved 6 times with 2,3,9,14,15; the formation of the translocation between the long arms (q;q) was in 21 and the breakpoints in the long arm were 59. Bad obstetric history was associated to C group chromosomes in 15 and the long arm combinations were seen in 12 and the breakpoints in it were 29. In the female, 15 with bad obstetric history were carriers; C group was seen in 18 and in 11 it showed the association to bad obstetric history; the long arm combination was noted in 13 and in 8 it was in bad obstetric history; breakpoints in the long arm were 37 and 22 times it was in bad obstetric history and the translocation between 15q and 22q were associated to bad obstetric history. In the present study, the chromosomes and its arms and breakpoints and the clinical conditions were associated to female and bad obstetric history.

8 tables, 14 ref

004474   Pramanik T N (IGIPESS, Delhi Univ, B-Block, Vikaspuri, New Delhi-110 018) : Effect of one month yoga foundation course on selected psychological variable. Scient J Sports Exercise 2014, 10(2), 42-7.

Purpose of the study was to find out the effect of one month yoga foundation course on selected psychological variables i.e. State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety. The study was conducted on 30 male students from Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, who were doing, one month Foundation course in Yoga. The age of the subjects were ranged from 19-25 years. State-Trait Anxiety Test (STAT), Developed by Sanjay Vohra (2007), was used as a tool for collecting the data. Descriptive statistical technique using S.D., mean and ANOVA were applied to analysed and interpret the data at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed the significant effect of one month yoga foundation course on State and trait Anxiety and also aid to help in maintaining its optimum level.

7 tables, 5 ref

004473   Paul P K (NO, Naihati Narendra Vidyaniketan, 24 Pgs(N), West Bengal) : Age related changes on growth and motor performance of 15 and 16 years boys. Scient J Sports Exercise 2014, 10(2), 30-6.

Several studies have shown that Growth pattern and Motor performance of adolescent boys has changed dramatically in this stage of life. In this study an attempt has been made to find out the age related changes on growth and motor performance of 15 and 16 years boys. The subjects of the present study were selected randomly from the school of Naihati Narendra Vidyaniketan, 24 Pgs (N), WB. Thirty students of each age group's i. e.; 60 boy's students were randomly selected for this purpose. The criteria measured in this article were- Growth parameters i.e.; sitting height, chest girth & biceps girth and motor performance parameters i.e.; 4x10 m shuttle run, standing broad jump and 50m run. The data on the growth and motor performance parameters were analyzed by applying ANOVA to find out significant differences if any between the two age groups. Significant results were found in sitting height, chest girth, biceps girth, 4x10 m shuttle run, SBJ & 50 m run.

12 tables, 7 ref

004472   Ozbas-Gerceker F;Mihcioglu D (Biology Dep, Faculty of Arts and Science, Gaziantep Univ, Gaziantep, Turkey, Email: gerceker@gantep.edu.ir) : LMP2 and LMP7 gene polymorphisms in the Southeastern Anatolia population of Turkey. Int J Hum Genet 2013, 13(3), 165-70.

The low molecular weight polypeplide 2 (LMP2) and low molecular weight polypeplide 7 (LMP7) genes are located in the class II region of the Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) locus on chromosome 6. These genes encode peptides forming the large components of the proteosome complex which degrades short-lived cytoplasmic proteins. Analysis of the spectrum of the peptides generated, transported and presented; disease association studies and population genetic studies are important for understanding the functional effects of genetic variations in LMP genes. In this study, LMP2 and LMP7gens polymorphisms were analyzed in Southeastern Anatolia population of Turkey. A total of 110 healthy and unrelated individuals participated in this study. Polymorphism analyses were done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method and allele/genotype frequencies of LMP2 and LMP7 genes were determined. A deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<60>0.05) was found for the genotype distribution of LMP2 gene polymorphism, while the LMP7genotypes found to be distributed in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<62>0.05). Available allele frequency data for different populations were used to calculate genetic distances and to construct a neighbor-joining tree. Among the included populations, Nahuas (Mexico) population was found to have the lowest genetic distance from the Southeastern Anatolia-Turkey population.

1 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

004471   Nafees S;Ali N;Rashid S;Hasan S K;Sultana S (Medical Elementology and Toxicology Dep, Faculty of Science, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Email: sarwat786@rediffmail.com) : Chemopreventive effect of Bauhinia purpurea against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis via amelioration of oxidative damage, cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in wistar rats. Toxic int 2013, 20(2), 117-25.

In the present study we have evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of Bauhinia purpurea against Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) initiated and 2 Acetylaminofluorine (2-AAF) promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Efficacy of Bauhinia purpurea against 2-AAF-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities (reduced hepatic GSH, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and quinone reductase), histopathological changes and expressions of early tumor markers viz., ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and also expressions of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated. Oral pretreatment with B. purpurea significantly decreased the levels of serum toxicity markers, elevated antioxidant defense enzyme activities, suppressed the expression of ODC and PCNA and P53 along with the induction of apoptosis in the pretreatment groups. Tumor incidences are reduced by pretreatment of B. purpurea. Histopathological findings revealed that B. purpurea-pretreated groups showed marked recovery. The results support the protective effect of B. purpurea against chemically induced liver cancer and acts possibily by virtue of its antioxidant, antipoliferative, and apoptotic activities.

7 illus, 43 ref

004470   Munshi R P;Joshi S G;Rane B N (Clinical Pharmacology Dep, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Email: renuka.munshi@gmail.com) : Development of an experimental diet model in rats to study hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, markers for coronary heart disease. Indian J Pharmac 2014, 46(3), 270-6.

The objective of this study is to develop an experimental model of hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance (IR), markers of coronary heart disease (CHD) using high fat and high sugar (HFHS) diet and to evaluate the efficacy of the model using atorvastatin, a known antihyperlipidemic drug, pioglitazone, a known insulin sensitizer, and Tinospora cordifolia (Tc), an antidiabetic plant. Following Institutional Animal Ethics Committee permission, the study was conducted in male Wistar rats (200-270 g). The model was developed using a high fat (vanaspati ghee: coconut oil, 3:1) oral diet along with 25% fructose (high sugar) added in drinking water over a period of 6 weeks. Atorvastatin (2.1 mg/kg/day), pioglitazone (2.7 mg/kg/day) and Tc (200 mg/kg/day) were administered 3 weeks after initiation of HFHS diet and continued for another 3 weeks. Parameters assessed were weight, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and gastric emptying. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase were assessed as markers of oxidative stress. Administration of HFHS diet demonstrated a significant increase in blood glucose, insulin, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides with a decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Treatment with test drugs decreased blood sugar, insulin, lipid parameters, increased gastric emptying rate, decreased MDA levels, and catalase activity when compared to HFHS diet group, confirming the efficacy of the model. Atherogenic index of all the test drugs (0.48, 0.57, and 0.53) was significantly lower as compared to HFHS diet group (1.107). This study confirms the development of a diet based cost-effective and time efficient experimental model, which can be used to study two important markers of cardiovascular disease that is, hyperlipidemia and IR and to explore the efficacy of new molecules in CHD.

4 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

004469   Mitra S (NO, Raja Birendra Chandra College, Kandi, Murshidabad, West Bengal) : Comparative study of prescribed exercise programme on flexibility among selected rural and urban girls of Santipur College. Scient J Sports Exercise 2014, 10(2), 25-9.

Flexibility, is an essential component of physical fitness. The purpose of the study is to test improvement of the flexibility of rural and urban girls after 8 weeks selected exercise programme. The subject was randomly selected, Total subjects were 80 and their age (18-21)years. They were divided into two groups. One is control and another one is experimental. Flexibility was measured by Sit & Reach Test (Johnson & Nelson, 1982). For statistical analysis 't' lest was used and level of significant was determined at 0.05 level and 0.01 level. The flexibility of rural girls of (18-21) years was better than that of urban girls due to exercise programme.

4 tables, 11 ref

004468   Mehboob M;Balkhi M H (Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmi, Rangil, Ganderbal-191 131, Email: monisamalik@gmail.com) : Recovery of Salmonella typhimurium from Schizothorax niger of dal lake in different seasons. Indian vet J 2013, 90(6), 21-2.

Fifty-four water and 45 whole fish samples of Schizothorax niger from Dal Lake were tested for the presence of Salmonella typhimurium. The lake water was contaminated to an extent of 16.67%, whereas the fish samples recorded a prevalence percentage of 1.48. The prevalence was highest in autumn for both water (27.78%) as well as fish (4.45%) samples. The water quality of the lake appeared to have a direct impact on the recovery of Salmonella typhimurium in the native fish Schizothorax niger.

7 ref

004467   Mazaheri S;Nematbakhsh M;Bahadorani M; Pezeshki Z;Talebi A;Ali-Reza G;Ashrafi F (Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan Univ of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Email: nematbakhsh@med.mui.ac.ir) : Effects of fennel essential oil on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in ovariectomized rats. Toxic int 2013, 20(2), 138-45.

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (CDDP)) is an effective drug in cancer therapy to treat solid tumors. However, the drug is accompanied by nephrotoxicity. Previous reports indicated that estrogen has no protective role against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, but the role of phytoestrogen as an estrogenic agent in plants is not determined yet. The major composition of fennel essential oil (FEO) is trans-anethole that has estrogenic activity; so, we used FEO as a phytoestrogen source against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Fifty-four ovariectomized Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Groups 1-3 received different doses of FEO (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively) for 10 days. Group 4 received saline for 10 days plus single dose of CDDP (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)) at day 3. Groups 5-7 received FEO similar to groups 1-3, respectively; plus a single dose of CDDP (7 mg/kg, ip) on day 3. On day 10, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological studies. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), and kidney weight (KW) and body weight changes in CDDP-treated groups increased significantly (P <60> 0.05). FEO did not reduce the levels of BUN and Cr, KTDS, and KW and body weight changes. Also, the serum and tissue levels of nitrite were not altered significantly by FEO. FEO, as a source of phytoestrogen, did not induce kidney damage. In addition, FEO similar to estrogen was not a nephroprotectant agent against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.

2 illus, 3 tables, 48 ref

004466   Malathi V;Revathi K;Niranjali Devaraj S (Biochemistry and Molecular biology Dep, Madras Univ, Guindy Campus, Chennai) : Antimicrobial resistance an interface between animal and human diseases. Indian J vet Anim Sci Res 2014, 43(2), 113-20.

In recent years, concerns about the use of antimicrobial products in food-producing animals have focused on human food safety because foods of animal origin are sometimes identified as the vehicles of food borne disease in humans and, therefore, also vehicles of resistant food borne pathogens and resistant genetic material. The major zoonotic pathogens of concern for the development of antimicrobial resistance are Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni.. A broad spectrum of antimicrobials are in use in animals One such antimicrobial is Silver, used to treat a various infections. The current widespread and uncontrolled use of silver may result in more bacteria developing resistance, analogous to the emergence of antibiotic and biocide resistant bacteria. This could be very detrimental to many industrial and medicinal properties that depend on the microbial properties of silver. In the present study, in order to gain an insight into bacterial resistance to silver the clinical isolates of Salmonella typhimurium were plasmid cured, the antibiotic sensitivity was tested in order to find out whether the strains were drug resistant; the Plasmid cured bacterial strains were then grown in nutrient broth containing silver nitrate, in order to determine silver resistance. To identify the protein encoded by this silver resistance determinant, a whole cell lysate was made and an SDS-PAGE was carried out. Plasmid was cured. The results of the study showed that silver resistance is plasmid encoded. A low molecular weight protein found in wild strains was found missing in the plasmid cured strains and possibly could play role in silver resistance.

3 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

004465   Khalid S;Khanum A (Biochemistry Dep, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture Univ, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Email: sumbul.khalid@iiu.edu.pk) : Somatotropin effective antisera production in forty days. Appl biol Res 2013, 15(1), 70-2.

Polyclonal antisera were raised against bovine somatotropin (ST) in rabbits and high liter achieved in less than 40 days after primary immunization. Protocol was developed with slight modification in method of Hu (2002) for antisera production and booster injection given on 28th and 37th day. The serum for antibody titer was collected on 35th and 42nd day. The antisera procured were effective in Western blotting and for purification of ST using affinity column chromatography.

3 illus, 7 ref

004464   Kanekar S (Psychology Dep, Alliant International Univ, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1799, U.S.A., Email: shanekar@alliant.edu) : Evolution of the mating game in the human species. Sci Cult 2014, 80(3-4), 83-5.

Among the most prominent differences between men and women are the differences in their mating Strategies, which can best be understood in terms of evolved psychological mechanisms.

22 ref

004463   Kale N M;Khonde S R;Mankar D M (Extension Education Dep, Post Graduate Institute Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104, Email: nmkale1964@gmail.com) : Socio-economic, psychological and situational causes of suicides of farmers in vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Karnataka J agric Sci 2014, 27(1), 40-6.

Study was undertaken for identification of various causes of suicides of farmers in highly suicide prone six districts of Vidarbha with exploratory design of social research. Total 200 victims were selected by proportionate method of random sampling. It covered 178 villages and 34 tahsils of six districts of Vidarbha. Results showed that low education level, large to medium family size with nuclear type of families, small and marginal rainfed holding with no source to access the irrigation, low productivity due to monsoon vagaries, low annual income, indebtedness, low socio-economic status, inability to fulfill important family responsibilities due to poor economic condition, alcohol drinking habit, personal and family members' health problems, disputes, all these were the identified causes of suicides with the farmers of Vidarbha. All these causes are interrelated and they feed into each other and aggravate each other. All these identified causes were not common in all victims, but overall it reflected the poor socio-economic condition of the deceased farmers of Vidarbha due to non profitable farming business. For improving this situation, policy makers have to think critically about improving economic condition of the farmers of Vidarbha.

21 tables, 7 ref

004462   Joshi S;Mudasir M;Sharma D;Saraswat N;Singh R (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant Univ of Agricultu, Pantnagar-263 145) : Bacterial microflora associated with repeat breeding in crossbred dairy cattle. Indian vet J 2013, 90(6), 52-4.

1 table, 9 ref

004461   Gurpreet Kaur;Singh T P;Malik R K;Bhardwaj A; De S (Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: rkm.micro@gmail.com) : Antibacterial efficacy of nisin, pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 against L. monocytogenes,E. Faecium and E. faecalis and bacteriocin cross resistance of antibiotic susceptibility of their bacteriocin resistant variants. J Fd Sci Technol 2014, 51(2), 233-44.

Bacteriocin susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 657, Enterococcus faecium DSMZ 20477, E. faecium VRE, and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and their corresponding bacteriocin resistant variants was assessed. The single and combined effect of nisin and pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 bacteriocins produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus 34, and E. faecium FH99, respectively, was determined. Pediocin34 proved to be more effective in inhibiting L. monocytogenes MTCC 657. A greater antibacterial effect was observed against E. faecium DSMZ 20477 and E. faecium (VRE) when the a combination of nisin, pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 were used whereas in case of L. monocytogenes MTCC 657 a combination of pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 was more effective in reducing the survival of pathogen. Bacteriocin cross-resistance and the antibiotic susceptibility of wild type and their corresponding resistant variants were assessed and results showed that resistance to a bacteriocin may extend to other bacteriocins within the same class and also the acquired resistance to bacteriocins can modify the antibiotic susceptibility/resistance profile of the bacterial species used in the study. According to the hydrophobicity nisin resistant variant of L. monocytogenes was more hydrophobic (p<60>0.001), whereas the pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 resistant variants were less hydrophobic than the wild type strain. Nisin, pediocin 34 and enterocin FH99 resistant variants of E. faecium DSMZ 20477 and E. faecium VRE were less hydrophobic than their wild type counterparts. Nisin resistant E. faecalis ATCC 29212 was less hydrophobic than its wild type counterpart.

1 illus, 6 tables, 40 ref

004460   Dodiya H;Kale V;Goswami S;Rajesh Sundar;Jain M (Pharmacology Dep, Lallubhai Motilal College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: sunitalmcp@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of adverse effects of lisinopril and rosuvastatin on hematological and biochemical analystes in wistar rats. Toxic int 2013, 20(2), 170-6.

Combination therapy of lisinopril and rosuvastatin may be an important concept in developing more effective strategies to treat and prevent atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and co-morbid metabolic disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of lisinopril and rosuvastatin alone or its combination therapy on hematological and biochemical analytes in Wistar rats. Forty-two rats were divided into seven groups, with each group comprising six rats. Rats were administered with lisinopril, rosuvastatin alone, or in-combination at two different doses. The blood samples were collected from rats after 21 days of oral administration of the drug/s and analyzed for various hematological and biochemical analytes. Lisinopril alone and its combination treatment with rosuvastatin at high doses decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit. Rosuvastatin alone at high dose and its concomitant administration with lisinopril at two different doses showed increase in total white blood cells and absolute lymphocyte count and neutrophil count. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin were significantly increased in rosuvastatin alone and its combination with lisinopril at both the doses. Besides this, lisinopril treatment decreased serum levels of sodium and increased the levels of potassium. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were increased in the animals treated with rosuvastatin at both the doses. However, increased serum CK level because of rosuvastatin became normal with co-administration of lisinopril at low doses. Our results indicate that administration of lisinopril with rosuvastatin does not ameliorate hepatotoxicity caused by rosuvastatin. However, combination treatment reduces serum CK levels elevated clue to rosuvastatin, implicating protective effect of combination treatment on myopathy at low doses.

1 illus, 6 tables, 33 ref

004459   Chakrabarti S B (NO, Anthropological Survey of India, 15/8, Rajkrishna Pal Lane, Kolkata-700 075, Email: sbchakrabarti@gmail.com) : Science and culture of society: approaches of Nirmal Kumar Bose. Sci Cult 2014, 80(3-4), 87-90.

Indian Science News Association recently undertook a panel discussion in Kolkata Doordarshan. The main focus of the discussion centred around the genesis and development of its celebrated journal Science and Culture. The panelists were concerned, among other things, to touch upon a very common issue of the equation between science and culture in the context of society at large. The purpose of the present paper precisely is to reiterate those issues raised in some details now in a contextual milieu. A concrete example of the approaches of Professor Nirmal Kumar Rose, (one of the editors of Science and Culture from 1964-67), has been taken up with regard to his study of society and culture of India.

6 ref

004458   Basumatary S J (NO, I.G.P.E.S.S., Delhi Univ, B - Block, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110 018) : Academic stress and examination anxiety among school going children of NCR. Scient J Sports Exercise 2014, 10(2), 37-41.

Present Study was related to assess the Academic stress and Examination Anxiety among the school going children of schools of NCR. 50 students were randomly selected from differentsenior secondary schools of NCR. Age group of the subjects were ranged from 15-19 years. Academic Stress and Examination Anxiety were selected as a concern of psychological variable to be assessed. Students' examination Anxiety Test (SEAT) and Academic Stress Scale for Children (ASC) by Dr. Madhu Aggrawal and Miss. Varsha Kaushal and Dr. A.K. Singh & Dr. A. Sen Gupta were respectively used to assess on the school going children. To assess the academic stress and examination anxiety the descriptive statistical technique was used using central tendency, S.D. and mean at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that high level of examination anxiety and academic stress is very widely relevant and accepted among senior school going children.

2 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

004457   Baloni V;Chakraborty S (Physical Education and Sports Sciences Dep, Univ of Delhi, Delhi) : Management factors influencing the development of female football players in India. Scient J Sports Exercise 2014, 10(2), 9-14.

Strengths of the women's football are limited and relatively unknown as the sport isn't publicized very much. This is the fact that women's football has an extensive background, although the sport is just over a century old it has developed positively. The changing role of women in society from the Victorian age to the present manifests is an enormous social revolution, in which sports have played a major role and thus the development of women's sports in the present century definitely is one of the most fascinating topics. After knowing this fact, the research scholar had undertaken the present study to find out the management issues/factors those might influence (hinderence) the development of women football in India. A total number of 150 National female football players below 16 yrs. of age were randomly selected as samples (representing different states and union territories of India). A Self-developed questionnaire was distributed among the subjects. To analyse the collected data percentage method was applied. Result of the study indicated the absence of relavent factors the women football in India is not moving forward as supposed to be. Factors such as Talent Identification, Job Opportunities, Availability of Sponsors, followed by Training Abroad, Frequency of perticipation at International Competitions and then there is non-Availability of Monitoring and Testing Techniques for the players, poor inflow of Financial Support from Corporate Sectors,lack of Psychological Training, and Prize and Match fee are seem to be atop of the ladder, as pointed out by the survey population. Availability of Financial support from Government, Fair selection process came out with moderate responses. Availability of Coaches and Availability of Facilities and Equipments are somehow influencing the women football positively. Availability of sports physiotherapist is the only factor which came out with the average percentages in the ladder of factors. Onus being the female shall be equally treated at par with the male counterparts. Since constitution of India envisage women equality in our country.

1 table, 11 ref

003392   Yadav B S;Garde R P (Research Center of Zoology, M.S.G. College Malegaon Camp, Nashik, Maharashtra, Email: rajeevgarde2010@gmail.com) : Study of plankton bio-diversity in relation to hydro biological factor of Girna river, Nashik Maharashtra. Life Sci Bull 2013, 10(1), 141-3.

Study on the plankton bio-diversity of Girna river, Nashik (Maharastra) was carried out for a period of one year. In this study species composition, population dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton were correlated with seasonal variations in hydro-biological characteristics of water. The results of the present study revealed that among the phytoplankton, members of Chlorophyceae were dominant component, whereas Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were sub dominant and Euglenophyceae constituted as a minor component. Among zooplankton, rotifers formed the dominant component whereas Protozoans were minor component. The present result showed that plankton were abundant during summer and were found minimum in number during monsoon. The higher values of temperature, alkalinity, hardness were the factors responsible for the plankton abundance during summer whereas high turbidity, cloudy weather and dilution in the concentration of some salts during monsoon were associated with the minimum number of plankton during monsoon.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

003391   Uwah C (NO, Fort Hare Univ, East London Campus, South Africa, Email: cuwah@ufh.ac.za) : Creating a culturallyinclusive intervention mechanism for HIV/AIDS education in South Africa. J hum Ecol 2014, 46(2), 103-11.

With HIV/AIDS prevalence levels reaching catastrophic levels in South Africa, the need to articulate effective intervention mechanism cannot be over-emphasised. Research has revealed that theatre's intervention in South Africa has achieved very little success in changing people's behaviour towards the pandemic. Scholars have attributed this lack of success to theatre practitioner's failure to centralise culture in the design of the performances. Many theatre groups go into communities with pre-packaged plays which do not incorporate essential aspects of target audiences cultural norms and beliefs. Communication scholars have reiterated that any message delivered outside the cultural norms and values of any given population will achieve very little success at changing the behaviour of such population. This paper examines the results of a three-year research conducted in South Africa which examined the cultural content of HIV/AIDS performances by prominent theatre groups in their campaign against HIV/AIDS. The findings indicate that while the groups made considerable impact on the target audiences, the impact was not enough to achieve the desired behaviour change because, key aspects of the communities cultural norms and beliefs were overlooked in the design of the performances.

4 tables, 21 ref

003390   Suresha G S;Jacob J;Bose P;Sanjeev Kumar; Santha I (Biochemistry Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: sureshgiriyapur@gmail.com) : Molecular cloning of partial genomic and cDNA sequence of oleate desaturase gene from Brassica juncea. Indian J agric Biochem 2013, 26(2), 125-9.

In plants, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated oleate desatuarse (FAD 2) is the key enzyme responsible for the production of linoieic acid in non-photosynthetic tissues. In the present study, we isolated a partial genomic and cDNA sequences encoding microsomal oleate desaturase (FAD2) using a PCR approach. A pair of primers were synthesized based on the known plant fad2 gene sequences available in NCBI database. Using these primers in genomic PCR and RT PCR, 987 bp fragments were amplified from Brassica juncea. After purification, the fragments were cloned into the pGEMT Easy vector and sequenced. Isolated both genomic and cDNA sequences were identified as a part of the gene encoding oleate desaturase. Both genomic and cDNA fragments were 100% identical and showed that isolated genomic fragment does not contain any intron. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence revealed similarity with other reported oleate desaturase gene sequences. Isolated fad2 fragments could be a novel target for genetic manipulation of fad2 gene for desired oil quality in Brassica.

6 illus, 23 ref

003389   Subramanyam V;Kalavar J M;Duvvuru J (NO, Sports Authority of India (SAI), Bangalore) : Effect of behavioural interventions and functional competence in older adults. Indian J Gerontol 2014, 28(2), 173-81.

Role of behavioural interventions in promoting active ageing through functional competence in a sample of 64 elderly was examined in the age group of 50-59 and 60-69 years living in semi urban and rural areas of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. Functional competence was measured through the performance of different ADLs and PBADLs. Appropriate psychological interventions along with physical exercises were planned to improve functional competence. Some Policy implications on promoting active ageing have been discussed.

5 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

003388   Srivastava N S;Dua D (Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity Univ, Greater Noida Expressway, Sector-125, Noida-201 303, Email: nsinha@amity.edu) : Antioxidant profiling of lycopene extract in rat PC-12 (Pheochromocytoma) cells exposed to neurotoxic shock. Indian J agric Biochem 2013, 26(2), 130-4.

Most potent antioxidant among various common carotenoids, protects against the threat of neurodegeneration and works as a neuroprotective agent by preventing mitochondrial dysfunctions, microglia activation and focal cerebral ischemia in rats. To study the antioxidant properties of lycopene, the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and non-enzymatic parameters such as glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation were analyzed in PC-12 cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and lycopene. Cell viability was also determined using MTT assay in these samples. Since 6-OHDA is a neurotoxic agent, it caused a decrease in levels of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT, GST, GSH and cell viability. Lipid peroxidation levels were increased in PC-12 cells after treatment with 6-OHDA. But on further treatment of cells exposed to 6-OHDA with lycopene, the levels of these enzymes and the cell counts were increased to nearly 80% as compared to the control and lipid peroxidation levels were decreased to 75% as compared to the control. Altered activities of these antioxidant enzymes upon treatment with 6-OHDA were restored to almost normal level upon treatment of cells with lycopene. This may be due to the antioxidant property of lycopene which regulated the neuronal cells defense system against neurotoxic shock.

9 illus, 13 ref

003387   Shrivastava J (Sociology Dep, B.B. Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Population ageing and affirmative policy for the elderly in India: a need for policy reorientation. Indian J Gerontol 2014, 28(2), 273-90.

Population ageing has emerged as an alarming problem in the world. It has been a major concern for long in the developed world. But it is now engulfing the developing countries as well, including India on a very rapid pace for which these countries, given their socio-economic conditions, are not well prepared. The population of elderly has rapidly increased in India in the recent years and is going to take a quantum jump in the coming decades. Realising the increasing magnitude of elderly population and OADR and urgency of the problem, the Government of India has already formulated a national policy on elderly population which is very noble and progressive in intentions and objectives and comprehensive in vision and scope. It identifies the problems of the elderly, the associated challenges and the strategies for meeting their needs. But the policy is very weak on several substantive points. The present paper describes the ageing scenario in India, critically assesses the affirmative policy of Indian state on the elderly persons and gives significant suggestions for urgently reorienting the policy to fully ensure welfare of the elderly in the country.

2 tables, 16 ref

003386   Parveen S;Siddiqui S A;Mangodia N;Siddiqui A S (Biotechnology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of rhizobium and azotobacter co-inoculation on nodulation and yield production of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Life Sci Bull 2013, 10(1), 35-6.

A study on the effect of inoculation with a mixed culture of Rhizobium and Azotobacter on nodulation, N₂ fixation and yield of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) was undertaken under pot conditions during Kharif season, 2012. Inoculation of seed with an effective strain of Rhizobium species along with Azotobacter chroococcum resulted in significant increase in nodulation, N₂ content in root and grain yield over uninoculated control. The beneficial effect of testmicrobial inoculant and plant might be attributed to the synthesis of some growth promoting substances.

2 tables, 9 ref

003385   Narmadha B;Meenakshiganesan N;Kalaimagal T (Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 003, Email: manosandhiya_87@yahoo.co.in) : Frequency and spectrum of gamma ray and EMS induced chlorophyll mutants in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.]. Int J Trop Agric 2013, 31(1-2), 121-5.

Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by gamma rays and EMS in M₂ generation of two varieties of soybean namely Co(Soy)3 and JS 335 were studied. Frequency of chlophyll mutants induced was worked out on M₂ family and population basis. Generally the frequency of mutants increased with increase in the dose of the mutagen. EMS was found to be effective in inducing higher frequencies and broad spectrum of mutants than gamma rays. Varietal differences were also found in response to mutagenic treatments. The overall spectrum of induced chlorophyll mutations observed in soybean was in the following order Xantha (14.08%) <62> Marina (3.10%) <62>Viridis (2.53%) <62> albina (0.09%).

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003384   Mutinta G (School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, Univ of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa, Email: mutinta@ukzn.ac.za) : Multiple sexual partnerships and their underlying risk influences at the university of KwaZulu-Natal. J hum Ecol 2014, 46(2), 147-55.

Multiple sexual partners are defined as having more than one sexual partner over a period of time. These can be either serialised partners; one after the other, or simultaneous or concurrent; different sexual partners that overlap in time. Multiple sexual partners have been identified as a likely driver of the spread of HIV in countries with a generalised epidemic because they connect people to a sexual network in which HIV is spread more quickly and the entire community can be affected. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multiple sexual partnerships and their underlying factors among students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. A study was conducted on 385 students using multistage sampling technique. The data were Analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with SPSS software package version 16.8. Findings show that 49.6% of the students were engaging in sex. About 44.2% sexually active respondents reported having multiple sexual partnerships. Male students were prone to multiple sexual partners compared to females (AOR=3.75; CI: 2.01-6.50). Students staying alone in rented apartments were two times more likely to have multiple sexual partners compared to those living with their parents (AOR=1.01;CI: 0.24-2.26). Findings also show that students who were under peer pressure were five times likely to have multiple sexual partners compared to those who did not have (AOR=4.99;CI: 2.65-8.80). Students who used alcohol were more likely to have multiple sex partners compared to those who never drank (AOR=2.19: CI: 1.01- 4.07). Findings suggest that the practice of engaging in multiple sexual partnerships is rampant on campuses and it is influenced by several underlying risk factors. Therefore, intervention programmes addressing multiple sexual partnerships and risk factors should be developed on campuses.

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