013590   Kamurthy H;Nampally S;Dontha S (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Secunderabad-14, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: kamurthy18@gmail.com) : Anti-inflammatory activity of Rotula aquatica Lour in albino Rats. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2014, 6(1), 48-51.

Purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of Rotula aquatica whole plant on acute inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw edema) and sub-acute inflammation (cotton pellet granuloma) in animal models. Five different groups of six animals each of either sex were used for acute and sub-acute experimental groups. Group I (control) received saline (5 ml/kg) and groups II rats were treated with indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of whole plant of Rotula aquatica at a dose of 200 mg/kg was given orally to group III, IV and V rats respectively. 1.0 ml of carrageenan was injected s.c. to plantar region of right hind paw of each rat, 1 hour after the drug administration. The change in paw volume was measured at 0, I, 2 and 3 hours intervals. For sub-acute model of inflammation, sterilized cotton pellets, weighing 10 mg each, were implanted, one on each side of the groin, under light anaesthesia. Drug treatment was given for 7 days. On the eight day, cotton pellets along with granuloma were removed surgically, and wet pellets were weighed, after that dried at 60°C overnight and then the dry pellets weight was taken. Petroleum ether and ethyl extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight exhibited significant inhibition (P<60>O.O I) in acute and sub-acute inflammation models, which was comparable with standard drug (Indomethacin) whereas ethanolic extract showed marked inhibition (P<60>0.05). Rotula aquatica whole plant possesses anti-inflammatory effects i both acute and sub-acute inflammatory conditions and this may be possible to explain use of plant in traditional medicine.

2 tables, 14 ref

013589   Gupta V K;Chaturvedi I (Zoology Dep, C.M.D. Post Graduate College, Bilaspur-495 001, Email: vkgcmd@gmail.com) : Histochemical characterization of protocell-like supramolecular assemblies "Jeewanu", synthesized in a irradiated sterilized aqueous mixture of some inorganic and organic substances. Asian J expl Sci 2013, 27(2), 23-8.

Study shows the occurrence of autoreplicative protocell-like model "Jeewanu" for the origin of life in the possible prebiotic atmosphere. The Jeewanu has been prepared in the laboratory in a sunlight exposed sterilized aqueous mixture of some inorganic and organic substances(Bahadur and Ranganyaki; 1970). An attempt has been made to study histology of these artificially prepared particles with acidic and basic dyes. The investigation revealed that Jeewanu has orderly structural organization with metabolic characteristics. In prebiotic atmosphere possibly energy transducing systems similar to Jeewanu existed which had an ability to convert solar energy into useful forms.

8 illus, 5 ref

013588   Dorjee B;Mondal N;Sen J (Anthropology Dep, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, District Darjeeling-743 013, West Bengal, Email: jaydipsen@rediffmail.com) : Applications of dermatoglyphics in anthropological research. South Asian Anthrop 2014, 14(2), 171-80.

Grooves and the ridges on the fingers, palms and the soles have aroused scientific interest for centuries. This field, known as dermatoglyphics, has a lot of applications in modern day population and medical research research. The present paper focuses on the different aspects of dermatoglyphics and also its applications. A brief account about the development of dermatoglyphic studies in India has also been discussed.

^iia135 ref

013587   Donna Pahangchopi;Singh R V;Singh S V;Das P; Sharma D;Sardana T;Naveen Kumar;Chaubey K K;Gupta S (Animal Genetics Div, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Email: Shoorvir.singh@gmail.com) : Evaluation of `cattle' and `Indian Bison' type antigens of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis for diagnosis of Bovine Johne's Disease using `indigenous ELISA' and AGPT. Indian J expl Biol 2014, 52(12), 1182-5.

Two antigens (`cattle' type and `Indian Bison' type) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis were evaluated for diagnosis of Johne's disease (JD) in a gaushala (cattle herd). Of the 160 cows of Sahiwal and Hariana breeds screened, 81 (50.6%) tested positive in ELISA and 66 (41.8%) in AGPT test. Using the two antigens, 33.5% tested positive in both the tests while 41.1% tested negative. Exclusively, only 8.2% tested positive in ELISA while 17.1% tested positive in AGPT. Two antigens together detected 58.9% prevalence of MAP in the gaushala. Individually, indigenous ELISA using antigen from native source of MAP proved superior to AGPT in the diagnosis of JD in cows.

2 tables, 26 ref

013586   Cressey R;Kumsaiyai W;Mangklabruks A (Medical Technology Dep, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Email: ratchada.cr@cmu.ac.th) : Daily consumption of banana marginally improves blood glucose and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects and increases serum adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients. Indian J expl Biol 2014, 52(12), 1173-81.

In this study, we explored the effects of consumption of banana in thirty hypercholesterolemic and fifteen type 2 diabetic subjects. They were given a daily dose of 250 or 500 grams of banana for breakfast for 12 weeks. Fasting serum lipid, glucose and insulin levels were measured initially as well as every 4 weeks. Daily consumption of banana significantly lowered fasting blood glucose (from 99±7.7 to 92±6.9 and 102±7.3 to 92±5.7 mgùdL^{-1 (p<60>0.05) after consuming banana 250 or 500 g/day for 4 wk, respectively) and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (from 2.7±0.98 to 2.4±0.85 and 2.8±0.95 to 2.5±0.79, p<60>0.005) in hypercholesterolemic volunteers. Analysis of blood glycemic response after eating banana showed significantly lower 2 h-postprandial glucose level compared to baseline in hypercholesterolemic volunteers given a dose of 250 g/day. The changes of blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients were not statistically significant, but for plasma levels of adiponectin, there were significantly increased (from 37.5±9.36 to 48.8±7.38 ngùml-1, p<60>0.05) compared to baseline. Although it remains to be confirmed with larger group of volunteers, this pilot study has demonstrated that daily consumption of banana (@ 250 g/day) is harmless both in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic volunteers and marginally beneficial to the later.}

6 tables, 48 ref

013585   Chikezie P C;Ojiako O A (Biochemistry Dep, Imo State Univ, Owerri, Nigeria, Email: p_chikezie@yahoo.com) : Cyanide and aflatoxin loads of processed cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers (Garri) in Njaba, Imo state, Nigeria. Toxic int 2013, 20(3), 261-7.

The present study sought to investigate the role of palm oil, in conjunction with the duration of fermentation, on cyanide and aflatoxin (AFT) loads of processed cassava tubers (Garri). Matured cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tubers were harvested from three different locations (Akunna, Mkporo-Oji and Durungwu) in Njaba Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. The cassava tubers were processed into Garri according to standard schemes with required modifications and measured for cyanide content using titrimetric methods. Samples of Garri for determination of AFT levels were stored for 30 days before the commencement of spectrophotometric analysis. Cyanide content of peeled cassava tubers was within the range of 4.07 ± 0.16-5.20 ± 0.19 mg hydrocyanic acid (HCN) equivalent/100 g wet weight, whereas the various processed cassava tubers was within the range of 1.44 ± 0.34-3.95 ± 0.23 mg HCN equivalents/100 g. For the 48 h fermentation scheme, Garri treated with palm oil exhibited marginal reduction in cyanide contents by 0.96%, 3.52% and 3.69%, whereas 4 h fermentation scheme is in concurrence with palm oil treatment caused 4.42%, 7.47% and 5.15% elimination of cyanide contents compared with corresponding untreated Garri samples (P <62> 0.05). Levels of AFT of the various Garri samples ranged between 0.26 ± 0.07 and 0.55 ± 0.04 ppb/100 g. There was no significant difference (P <62> 0.05) in AFT levels among the various samples in relation to their corresponding sources. The present study showed that the 48 h fermentation scheme for Garri production caused significant (P <60> 0.05) reduction, but did not obliterate the cyanide content of cassava tubers. Conversely, the 48 h fermentation scheme promoted the elevation of AFT levels, but was relatively reduced in Garri samples treated with palm oil.

2 illus, 2 tables, 55 ref

013584   Bhattacharya R (Anthropology Dep, Bangabasi College, Kolkata-700 009, Email: ratnaardhendu@gmail.com) : Two new prehistoric sites at Galudih in East Singbhum, Jarkhand. South Asian Anthrop 2014, 14(2), 113-18.

Study reports of a discovery of two new Pleistocene archaeological sites at Galudih in East Singbhum. This article is based on surface and partly on excavated findings discovered at Galudih-Mahulia (GLD: site 1) and Chandrarekha (CRH: site 2) in Jharkhand State ofIndia. The two sites are located in a natural geographical setting and have yielded different types of tools made on different rock raw material, mainly quartzite pebbles, but quartz, mica, quartzite and basalt as well. We can note a change in the nature and pattern of the soil with stratigraphic variations due to the erosional activities of the Subarnarekha river. The findings prove that there was continuity in tool industry from chopper-biface to flake to flake-blade industry, followed by a rich microlithic industry. The evolving tool types and different techniques used by the Pleistocene ancestors indicate continuous intellectual development and human evolution in this part of eastern India.

4 illus, 4 ref

013583   Bharath Kumar G;Divya Kumari;Sravanthi G; Rajeshwar G;Umadevi V;Kotla N G (Dhanvanthri College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Tirumala Hills, Mahabubnagar-509 001, Email: niranjandqa@gmail.com) : Antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of terminalia catappa leaves agains gastric ulcers by pyrolic ligation induced model in Rats. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2014, 6(1), 38-40.

Terminalia catappa family combretaceae moreover known as Indian almond was a large, spreading tree scattered throughout the tropics in coastal environments in India. Anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of T. catappa (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w) was examined on pyrolic ligated induced ulcer model in rats. Omeprazole was used as standard. The anti-ulcer activity of T. catappa was evaluated with the help of ulcer index and histopathological examination. Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies of T. catappa also carried out. The extract showed significant (p <60> 0.001) reduction in pH, gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index in dose dependent manner as compared to control. The extract did not produce any toxic effects even at high doses. The anti-ulcer activity was probably due to the presence of flavonoids.

2 illus, 18 ref

012636   Sundriyal R C;Dhyani P P (NO, Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora-263 643, Email: sundriyalrc@yahoo.com) : Human wildlife conficts. Curr Sci 2014, 107(3), 346-7.

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012635   Saxena T;Tiwari S;Dave L;Agrawal B K (Medical Biochemistry Dep, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : Oxidative stress in chronic smokers.. Flora Fauna 2014, 20(1), 156-60.

Fifty smokers (Cigarette/Bidi) of mean age 35± 5 years were enrolled for the study and were compared to fifty normal healthy non-smokers of the same age. Blood samples were obtained by puncture of anticubital vein and the following tests were performed i.e. P-MDA and Serum-SOD. Increased plasma lipid peroxidation (P<60>0.05) was observed in cigarette/Bidi smokers. Also a significant hike (P<60>0.05) in serum SOD was observed in smokers when compared to normal/healthy control subjects. The increased level of lipid peroxidation products in smokers reflected that there was increased cell wall damage that might further lead to several complications such as COPD, Stroke and the variety of lung and other cancers. It was also found that cigarette/bidi smoke altered the antioxidants status as well as minerals imbalance in smokers and increased atherogenecity.

3 tables, 29 ref

012634   Raja S;Lyla P S;Ajmal Khan S (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: seyedajmal@gmail.com) : Diversity of amphipods in the continental shelf sediments of southeast coast of India. J Mar Biol Ass India 2013, 55(1), 35-41.

The diversity of amphipods in the continental shelf sediments of the southeast coast of India is dealt in the paper. Samples for the study were collected onboard FORV Sagar Sampada during Cruise Nos. 260, 275 and 290 conducted in December 2008, May 2010 and October 2011 respectively. Samples were collected at various depths (30 m, 50 m, 75 m, 1 00 m, 1 50 m and 200 m) along 6 transects namely Singarayakonda, Tammenapatanam, Chennai, Cheyyur, Cudallore-Parangipettai and Karaikkal besides Cuddalore-SIPCOT using Smith-Mclntyre grab having a bite area of 0.2 m^{2. The total number of species of amphipods recorded was 44 belonging to 29 genera and 17 families. The number of species and abundance decreased from the shallower depths to the deeper depths. The abundance varied from 1 to 467 nos./0.2 m2. The maximum was found in Cheyyur transect at 30 m depth and the minimum in Cheyyur at 150 m and in Cuddalore-SIPCOT at 200 m depth. The number of species at various depths ranged from 1 to 17. While the maximum number of species was found in Cheyyur at 30 m depth, the minimum was found in Cheyyur at 1 50 m, Cuddalore-SIPCOT at 200 m and Cuddalore-Parangipettai at 1 50 m depths. Ampelisca spp. was found to be dominant in the study area. Species estimators, especially Chaol showed the chances of recording as many as 142 species of amphipods in the study area with intensive sampling. In view of this fact, further sampling in the study area will throw more light on the amphipod diversity.}

5 tables, 39 ref

012633   Patel H V;Kalia K (Laboratory of Biochemistry, BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidya Nagar-388 120, Email: kirankalia_in@yahoo.com) : Role of hepatic and pancreatic oxidative stress in arsenic induced diabetic condition in wistar rats. J envir Biol 2013, 34(2), 231-6.

Arsenic, a potent environmental toxicant has been reported to induce diabetes mellitus, but its potential biological mechanism(s) has not been much investigated. The present study was designed to correlate pancreatic and hepatic oxidative stress with arsenic induced diabetes mellitus in experimental animals. Male albino Wistar rats were administered with low (1.5 mg kg^{-1 b.wt.) and high (5.0 mg kg-1 b.wt.) sodium arsenite orally for 4 week. Hyperglycemic condition was observed in arsenic exposed groups as indicated by increased (P<60>0.001) fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which were accompanied by an increase in the level of lipid peroxidation (P<60>0.001), protein oxidation (P<60>0.05 at low dose and P<60>0.001 at high dose) and nitric oxide (NO) (P<60>0.001) in hepatic and pancreatic tissue compared to control. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<60>0.001), catalase (CAT) (P<60>0.001) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (P<60>0.05 at low dose and P<60>0.001 at high dose) activities were elevated, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P<60>0.05 at low dose and P<60>0.001 at high dose) and GSH level showed significant (P<60>0.001) depletion in both studied tissue of arsenic exposed rats compared to control. Arsenic induced hepatotoxicity was manifested by an increase (P<60>0.001) in serum ALT, AST and ALP. Arsenic exposure leads to accumulation of arsenic (P<60>0.05) and significant (P<60>0.05) depletion of copper and zinc level in hepatic and pancreatic tissue as compared to control. The data suggests that sub-chronic arsenic exposure induces diabetic condition which may be mediated due to increased oxidative stress in hepatic and pancreatic tissue.}

2 illus, 4 tables, 43 ref

012632   Mavhandu-Mudzusi A H (Health Studies Dep, Faculty of Human Sciences, South Africa Univ, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0003, South Africa, Email: mmudza@unisa.ac.za) : Management of staff and students living with HIV and AIDS in a South African rural-based university. J hum Ecol 2014, 47(3), 209-17.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is making its toll in South African institutions of higher education. Studies revealed that several students and staff became ill and some died in patterns that signal HIV and AIDS-related conditions. The study aim was to explore how the staff and students living with HIV and AIDS are managed at a South-African rural-based university. The study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach as a methodology. In-depth interviews were conducted with19 participants composed of staff and students living with HIV and AIDS and other university staff involved in the provision of care to this population. Data were analysed using IPA framework for data analysis. One superordinate theme "inadequate planning to address the need for managing staff and students living with HIV and AIDS on the campus" emerged from data analysed. This theme had four sub-themes: persisting stigma and discrimination, lack of confidentiality, inadequate treatment, care and support. This study recommends the development of a contextually relevant HIV/AIDS care management model for a South African rural-based university.

21 ref

012631   Kharangate-Lad A;Bhosle S (Microbiology Dep, Goa Univ, Taleigao plateau-Goa, 403206, Email: amritakharangate@gmail.com) : Bioemulsifier production by a bacterial isolate. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(10), 674-9.

Bioemulsifiers have gained a lot of importance in biodegradation, bioremediation, medical, pharmaceutical and food industries due to their non-toxicity. In the present study bacteria producing bioemulsifier were isolated from mangroves and saltpans on mineral salt medium (MSS) containing crude oil as sole carbon source. Amongst the 19 isolates picked up to screen for bioemulsification activity, 9 isolates showed potential bioemulsification activities which were in the range of 2.0-45.5% for pellets while 1.7-56.5% for supernatants. Two isolates MS-3 and MS-18 that showed the highest Emulsification index with supernatant were selected and identified based on biochemical characteristics as Aeromonas (MS-3) and Vibrio (MS-18) species. The isolate MS-3 was selected for detailed studies. The bioemulsifier was isolated, purified and characterised using TLC, FTIR and found to be glycolipid in nature. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the present emulsifier was found to be 12 mg/ ml with xylene as the hydrocarbon.

2 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

012630   Khan S A;Dutta P;Borah J;Mahanta J (NO, Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), N.E. Region, Dibrugarh-786 001, Email: sirajkhanicmr@gmail.com) : Survey of new mosquito species of Meghalaya, India. J envir Biol 2013, 34(2), 191-5.

A study on mosquitoes in parts of Meghalaya revealed the presence of 64 species of mosquitoes under 10 genera. In monsoon (June to October) and post-monsoon (November to May) survey, 42 and 48 species of mosquitoes were detected, respectivily. Higher species diversity was found at lower elevations (up to 1050 m). Anopheles peditaeniatus, An. sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. nigrostriatus, Ae. annandalei, Culex. fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. murrelli, Cx. brevipalpis, Coquillettidia novochracea, Lutzia halifaxii, Malaya genurostris. Ml. jacobsoni, Tripteroides aranoides, Toxorhynchites minimus, Uranotaenia campestris, (Jr. edwardsi and (Jr. testaceae which were never reported earlier from Meghalaya state were detected in the present study and the findings were discussed with previously published reports from the state.

1 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

012629   David A (UGC - Academic Staff College, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad-580 003, Email: dmanuradha@gmail.com) : Biodiversity and distribution of marine gastropods (mollusca) during pre- and post-monsoon seasons along the Goa coastline, India. J Mar Biol Ass India 2013, 55(1), 17-24.

Biodiversity and distribution of different gastropod species was studied during pre- and post- monsoon seasons in sub-and inter-tidal zones from 16 sampling sites located in the northern and southern regions of the Goa coastline, India. Each site was surveyed twice during the pre-monsoon and twice in the post-monsoon season. A set of 2,493 specimens, 86 species, 51 genera, and 24 families were identified during the sixteen surveys that were conducted, four each in the pre- and post-monsoon season during January 2008 to September 2009. Species abundance was higher in rocky inter-tidal zones when compared with sandy and or sub-tidal zones. Shannon-Weiner biodiversity index (H') ranged from 2.1749 in the pre-monsoon season to 5.7641 during the post-monsoon months. Species richness (d) was the highest in Vacra and the lowest in Velsao during the pre- and post monsoon seasons. Peilou's indices recorded higher species evenness in the post-monsoon months in all the sampling sites. The highest number of species/individuals was obtained in Vacra (63/218) and the lowest in Miramar (13/74) respectively. A significant increase (P<60>0.001) was observed in the total number of individuals collected month wise in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Anjuna, Candolim, Sinquerim in north Goa and Betul, Palolem and Vacra in south Goa recorded more than 50 species whereas, less than 15 species were found in Dona Paula, Miramar (north Goa) and Velsao, Colva (south Goa). The highest number of individuals collected belonged to two families namely, Turritellidae and Trochidae. The results of this study indicate that the coasts of Goa are known to be a haven for gastropod fauna and needs to be protected to promote the conservation of this vulnerable resource.

5 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

012628   Chuffa L G A;Fioruci-Fontaneli B A;Bordon J G;Pires R B;Braga C P;Seiva F R F;Fernandes A A H (Anatomy Dep, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Univ of State of Sao Paulo, Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) : Rutin ameliorates glycemic index, lipid profile and enzymatic activities in serum, heart and liver tissues of rats fed with a combination of hypercaloric diet and chronic ethanol consumption. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2014, 51(3), 215-22.

Alcoholism and obesity are strongly associated with several disorders including heart and liver diseases. This study evaluated the effects of rutin treatment in serum, heart and liver tissues of rats subjected to a combination of hypercaloric diet (HD) and chronic ethanol consumption. Rats were divided into three groups: Control: rats fed a standard diet and drinking water ad libitum; G1: rats fed the HD and receiving a solution of 10% (v/v) ethanol; and G2: rats fed the HD and ethanol solution, followed by injections of 50 mg/kg^{-1 rutin as treatment. After 53 days of HD and ethanol exposure, the rutin was administered every three days for nine days. At the end of the experimental period (95 days), biochemical analyses were carried out on sera, cardiac and hepatic tissues. Body weight gain and food consumption were reduced in both the G1 and G2 groups compared to control animals. Rutin effectively reduced the total lipids (TL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), VLDL, LDL-cholesterol and glucose levels, while it increased the HDL-cholesterol in the serum of G2 rats, compared to G1. Although rutin had no effect on total protein, albumin, uric acid and cretinine levels, it was able to restore serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK) in animals fed HD and receiving ethanol. Glycogen stores were replenished in both hepatic and cardiac tissues after rutin treatment. Moreover, rutin consistently reduced hepatic levels of TG and TC and cardiac AST, ALT and CK activities. Thus, rutin treatment was effective in reducing the risk factors for cardiac and hepatic disease caused by both HD and chronic ethanol consumption.}

4 illus, 2 tables, 58 ref

012627   Chris A (Biological Science Dep, Sam Higginbottom Instutute of Agriculture, Technol. & Sciences, Allahabad-211 001, Email: achris1@rediffmail.com) : Changes in growth and antioxidants in cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum exposed to cadmium and ultraviolet-B radiation. Biochem Cell Archs 2014, 14(1), 95-100.

UV-B and cadmium, alone and together, induced changes in protein content, enzymatic (SOD and CAT) and non enzymatic (proline) antioxidants, level of hydrogen, peroxide lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in Nostoc mscorum were evaluated. Protein content was found to decrease with rising concentration of cadmium and UV-B exposure alone and its level further declined when both the stresses were applied together. Total peroxide content increased with simultaneous increase in lipid peroxidation. Like H₂O₂ and lipid peroxidation, elctrolyte leakage in the cyanobacterial cells was also increased at all the concentrations and was further enhanced in the cells treated with doses of UV-B and Cd. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at all concentrations except the highest simultaneous dose of UV-B and cadmium. The level of non enzymatic antioxidant proline was found to increase with simultaneous decrease in catalase activity following UV-B and cadmium stress.

38 ref

012626   Bhosale H J;Kadam T A;Bobade A R (Microbiology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Nanded-431 606, Email: bhoslehemlata@gmail.com) : Identification and production of Azotobacter vinelandii and its antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. J envir Biol 2013, 34(2), 177-82.

The phytopathogenic Fusarium species are one of the leading causes of loss in agricultural productivity. In search of an efficient bacterial antagonist, 19 soil isolates of Azotobacter sp. were screened for antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum by agar well diffusion assay. The potential strain was identified as Azotobacter vinelandii by 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimum conditions for culturing A. vinelandii to obtain maximum antifungal activity were determined by varying temperature, pH, incubation period and NaCI and sucrose concentration. Maximum inhibition of F. oxysporum was observed at pH 7 and 8, 1% NaCI and 2% sucrose concentration and after 72 hr of incubation at 30°C temperature. A. vinelandii showed 44% higher yield of antifungal metabolite under optimized conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 10 μg ml^{-1 for F. oxysporum. The FTIR analysis of purified metabolite showed presence of aldehyde, C-N, ester, aromatic ring, P-H stretch, and C-N stretch of alkyl amine in the structure. The purified antifungal metabolite of A. vinelandii showed effect on spore germination and mycelia morphology of F. oxysporum. The study revealed significance of A. vinelandii in controlling F. oxysporum and its promising application as a biocontrol agent in agriculture.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

012625   Basu S;Bhattacharyya D;Banerjee R (Crystallography and Molecular Biology Div, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700 064) : Applications of complementarity plot in error detection and structure validation of proteins. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2014, 51(3), 188-200.

The complementarity plot (CP) is based on packing and electrostatics of amino acid residues buried within globular proteins and is a sensitive indicator of the harmony or disharmony of interior residues with regard to short and long range forces sustaining the native fold. As a structure validation tool, it has already been reported to be effective in detecting erroneous side-chain torsions in obsoleted structures. The current study describes the design of several local and global scores based on CP and surveys their utilities in discriminating between obsolete structures and their corresponding upgraded counterparts, detection of wrong rotamer assignments and in identifying packing anomalies. CPs are especially effective in the detection of low-intensity errors (in main-chain geometrical parameters) diffused over the entire polypeptide chain. The methodology is also used to confirm the integral role played by strategic deviations (in main-chain geometrical parameters) in maintaining fold integrity, as reversal to their corresponding ideal values (either unimodal or conformation dependent) lead to large-scale structural distortions. A special feature of this validation tool is to signal unbalanced partial charges within protein interiors. The application of CP in protein homology modeling and protein design is also demonstrated.

5 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

012624   Arko-Achemfuor A (Adult Basic Education and Training Dep, College of Education, South Africa Univ, South Africa, Email: aachea@unisa.ac.za) : Teaching permaculture to ensure food security in rural South Africa: The case study of tiger kloof. J hum Ecol 2014, 47(3), 251-5.

In the rural areas of the South Africa, most people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Many adults in the rural areas engage in animal husbandry, crop production and small scale agro-processing. Farmers from the Black communities in South Africa use traditional methods in farming practices which are less productive and expensive. The Tiger Kloof Educational Institution in the North West Province in partnership with the North West Department of Agriculture has been giving training to farmers in permaculture since 2008 as a way of equipping adults with skills in good agricultural practices. This paper investigated the impact of the farmer training in permaculture by Tiger Kloof Educational Institution on food security. The qualitative method using interview schedules was used to solicit the views of 10 farmers, the trainer at Tiger Kloof and one official from the District office of the Department of Agriculture. The findings of the investigation indicate that the training in permaculture is contributing to poverty alleviation and ensuring food security in the communities. The programme is recommended to government and communities in addressing poverty, food security, unemployment and sustainable livelihoods.

15 ref

012623   Ansari K G M T;Lyla P S;Ajmal Khan S (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: ansari.cas@gmail.com) : New records of five Daptonema species (Nematoda: Xyalidae) from Indian waters. J Mar Biol Ass India 2013, 55(1), 71-8.

Free-living marine nematodes were collected from the continental shelf region of southeast coast of India during the Cruise no. 260 of FORV Sagar Sampada. As many as, 4235 specimens were enumerated belong to one hundred and ninety two nematode species were identified up to species level. Family Xyalidae is the most dominant family and it consist of eighteen species from the study area. Among these, eleven species were identified under the genus of Daptonema. Five of these species Daptonema biggi, Daptonema hirsutum, Daptonema normandicum, Daptonema psammoides and Daptonema tenuispiculum which happen to be first record from Indian waters are described.

11 illus, 46 ref

012622   Ahmed M;Guleria A;Singh A K;Bandyopadhyay T; Sarkar S K (Radiation & Photochemistry Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085) : Deciphering the binding modes of hematoporphyrin to bovine serum albumin. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2014, 51(3), 175-87.

Interaction of proteins with small molecules is important in understanding delivery and transport of different therapeutic agents, including drugs. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between hematoporphyrin (HP), the principal component of photosensitizing drug with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous buffer solution using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements. The results were further substantiated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our results revealed that fluorescence of BSA was dominantly quenched by the ground-state complex formation with HP accompanied by the electronic energy transfer (EET) to the later. We experimentally determined the thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° for the HP-BSA system which were -35.5 kJ mole^{-1, -56.4 kJ mole-1 and -0.06 kJ mole-1 K-1, respectively. These parameters suggested hydrogen-bonding and Van der Waals forces playing major role in the complexation. This was also supported by the binding energy parameters calculated by molecular docking. Moreover, the experimentally determined G0 nicely correlated with those determined by molecular docking and MD-simulation. Further, computational results clearly showed that the binding of HP with BSA in the subdomains IB and IIA.}

14 illus, 2 tables, 45 ref

011640   Varshney R K (NO, , Raj Bhawan, Manik Chowk, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh-202 001) : Fauna and flora on the Indian stamps: miniature sheets. Bionotes 2013, 15(4), 134-6.

011639   Tripathi S;Chakravarty A (Home Science Dep, (Food and Nutrition) Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sushma.tripthi85@yahoo.com) : Assessment of height, weight and BMI of school going children in Varanasi. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 496-8.

The present study was conducted on the growth parameters of school going children of 10 to 15 years of age in urban area of Varanasi. 150 school going children were selected by cluster and purposive random sampling method. Height (cm) and weight (kg) were taken as indicators for nutritional status for the study.BMI was calculated according to WHO criteria. Information was collected on growth pattern of school going children. The study revealed that weight, height and BMI of both boys and girls were comparatively lower in comparison with reference standards of ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research, 1990) and NCHS (National Council of Health and Statistics, 2007).

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

011638   Timung J;Sarmah J (Extension Education (H.Sc.) Dep, College of Home Science, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat, Assam, Email: jogotimung@gmail.com) : Nutrition, health and hygienic practice of women tea plantation workers of Assam. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 421-4.

The present research study was taken up with the objectives to study the socio-personal characteristics of women tea plantation workers of Assam, to identify the existing practices of women tea plantation workers on selected areas of nutrition, health and hygiene, to find out the relationship of women tea plantation workers' practice on nutrition, health and hygiene with the selected independent variables. The study was carried out in four Tea Estate i.e. Kakojan T.E., Duflating T.E., Kothalgoorie T.E. and Gotonga T.E. of Jorhat district of Assam. Twenty five married permanent women tea plantation workers with atleast one child were selected from each garden totalling one hundred women tea plantation workers from all the selected tea gardens as the respondents of the present study.

4 tables, 6 ref

011637   Teo P;Ma F;Liu D (Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal Univ, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, P.R. China, Email: shanteo@hotmail.com) : Quantification of thiamine in edible bird's nest by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Asian J Chem 2014, 26(3), 846-8.

Edible bird's nest is the nest made from saliva of swiftlets. In the Tang (618-907 AD) and Song (960-1279 AD) dynasties, edible bird's nest is a traditional Chinese medicine. As time changes, it becomes a perfect nutraceutical food for the easterners in daily diet. People attach importance to the edible bird's nest for the study of bioactive constituents. The study of vitamin was rarely conducted in the edible bird's nest, especially B-complex. We detected thiamine in the edible bird's nest for the first time. The method used a C18 analytical column 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm (Hypersil-ODS2). The aqueous mobile phase contained methyl alcohol and sodium acetate solution (34: 66) (v/v). Separation and quantification was achieved by changing the proportion of the system linearly with a time-schedule programme. Detection was carried out using fluorescence detection set at 365 nm excitation wavelength and 475 nm emission wavelength.

2 illus, 12 ref

011636   Sharma R P (National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: rpsnrcpb@yahoo.co.in) : Wingless to Wnt: discovery of conserved cell signalling gene family in the animal kingdom. Curr Sci 2013, 104(9), 1140-1.

14 ref

011635   Sharma D;Pathania R (Human Development Dep, College of Home Science, C.S.K. Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyala, Palampur, Email: deepika.sharma521@gmail.com) : Study of emotional stability and maturity among children in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 362-6.

The study was undertaken with the specific objectives viz., (i) to find out the emotional stability and maturity of both ICDS and Non-ICDS children, (ii) to compare the emotional stability and maturity both ICDS and Non-ICDS children and (iii) to explore the factors affecting emotional stability and maturity of selected children. The data were collected from two randomly selected blocks (Bhawarna and Sulah) of Kangra district. A total sample of 150(100 ICDS and 50 non-ICDS) pre-schoolers in the age group of 2-6 years was randomly selected. Two standardized scales namely Emotional Stability Scale of Children (Gupta and Singh 2001) and Emotional Maturity Scale (Singh and Bhargava, 2001) were employed to assess the emotional skills. The collected data were tabulated, processed and analysed by employing statistical techniques like t test, f test, regression analysis and coefficient of variance. The results of the study indicated that the non-ICDS children were found significantly better than that of ICDS in the areas of emotional stability and emotional maturity. Occupation of father contributed significantly to the emotional stability, whereas age of the children and type of occupation of the parents showed positive relationship with emotional maturity.

7 tables, 8 ref

011634   Sharma C M;Shrawan Kumar;Meghwani M K;Agrawal R P (NO, , 8/218, Flat No. H, Arya Nagar, Kanpur-208 002, Email: dr.cmsharma@gmail.com) : Poland syndrome. Indian J Hum Genet 2014, 20(1), 82-84.

Poland's syndrome is a rare congenital condition, characterized by the absence of the sternal or breastbone portion of the pectoralis major muscle, which may be associated with the absence of nearby musculoskeletal structures. We hereby report an 8-year-old boy with typical features of Poland syndrome, the first documented case from Uttar Pradesh, India.

^ccr4 illus, 9 ref

011633   Sangeetha A;Prasath G S;Subramanian S (Biochemistry Dep, Madras Univ, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Email: subbus2020@yahoo.co.in) : Anthyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials of Sesbania grandiflora leaves studied in stz induced experimental diabetic Rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2014, 5(6), 2266-75.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome involving severe insulin dysfunction in conjugation with gross abnormalities in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, which has been affecting several millions of population all over the world. Despite the introduction of hypoglycemic agents from natural as well as synthetic sources, diabetes and its secondary complications continue to be a major health problem for the medical fraternity. Sesbania grandiflora L. Pers. is an Indian medicinal plant which belongs to family Leguminosae possesses a wide array of beneficial and pharmacological properties. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant nature of Sesbania grandiflora leaves. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45mg/Kg b.wt). Diabetic rats orally treated with leaves extract (300 mg/kg b.w/day) for 30 days resulted in significant (P<60>0.05) decrease in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea, serum uric acid, serum creatinine and diminished activities of pathophysiological enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The levels of glycogen content and the activities of glycogen metabolizing enzymes were normalized in diabetic rats treated with leaves extract. The elevated oxidative stress marker and diminished antioxidant status were normalized indicating the antioxidant potential of leaves extract. The results of the present study indicate that the leaves extract possess both antidiabetic and antioxidant potent which could be attributed to the presence of pharmacologically active ingredients such as vitamins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, diterpenes, triterpenoids, glycosides and phenols in the leaves.

56 ref

011632   Saini S (Human Development Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: saritasaini@pau.edu) : Dimensional analysis of the 'belonging component' of quality of life of elderly across varying support. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 367-72.

A study was undertaken to assess the various dimensions of the 'Belonging component' of the quality of life of elderly (65 years and above) living in various types of support systems.'Belonging component' refers to how one fits in with people and places and is known to strongly impact the quality of life of an individual. The study comprised a sample of 400 subjects from Ludhiana city, equally drawn from four support systems viz., elderly living with sons, living with daughters, living alone, and living in institutions. The sample was further divided over the two sexes. A quality of life profile, senior's version prepared and published by quality of life research unit, University of Toronto, Canada (2000) was administered to measure the 'Belonging component' of quality of life (QOL) of the subjects across various support systems. The 'Belonging component' of the QOL was studied under three dimensions viz., 'Physical belonging' pertaining to how one fits in with the physical aspects of his environment, 'Social belonging' relating to how one fits in with the people around one's life and 'Community belonging' referring to the nexus between an individual and the resources that are typically available to most members of one's community. The study revealed that there were significant gender differentials across different dimensions of the 'Belonging component' of the QOL of aged living across different support systems. It was found that very few elderly females compared to males were enjoying 'Very good quality of life' with respect to the 'Belonging component'. The results revealed that 'Social belonging' dimension was significantly weaker for females living across all support systems except those 'living with daughters'. However, the 'Physical belonging' and 'Community belonging' dimensions were found to be significantly weaker for females 'living alone or in institutions'. Comparatively, the picture was far more encouraging for their male counterparts.

3 tables, 11 ref

011631   Rose M H;Sudha P N;Sudhakar K (NO, M S Univ, Trineveli, Tamil Nadu, Email: drparsu8@gmail.com) : Effect of antioxidants and hepatoprotective activities of methanol extract of beet root (Beta Vulgaris L.) against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Rat models. Int J pharm Sci Res 2014, 5(6), 2546-55.

Study on the effect of methanol extract of red beetroot (MEBV) against CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats of Wistar strain (150 to 180g) was done. Five groups with six rats each were used as positive control, negative control and experimental with an oral dose of CCl₄ throughintra-peritoneal (IP) route and MEBV at 100μgm/ml, 200μgm/ml & 300μgm/ml per os, respectively, for 14 days. After 14 days, animals were sacrificed; blood samples were obtained and analyzed. The results showed that CCl₄ administration was associated with triple fold increases in the activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Bilirubin (P<60>0.05) compared with the respective mean control values. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as, serum catalase, GSH, Vit. E, Vit.C, & SOD, were lower than the respective mean values of the normal control. The blood parameters have got reduced. The hapatochords and hepatocytes architecture was also observed to be disturbed. However, treatment with MEBV restored the enzyme activities of the liver ALT, AST, Bilirubin, WBC, RBC, PCV and hepatic lobule architecture, to a very near normal level. This work showed that methanol extract of Beta vulgaris was successful at 300μgm/ml, in counteracting CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity and amelioration of the same (hepatic remediation) to near normalcy level in rat liver functions and amelioration may be due to the total phenolics, flavonoids and other antioxidants composition in the plant extract.

30 ref

011630   Princy;Kang T K (Human Development Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Spirituality and religiosity as correlates of happiness among elderly: a gender study. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 785-91.

Happiness is a multidimensional construct comprising of emotional and cognitive elements. It is related with positive emotions whereas intellectual, emotional and spiritual growth balance our material pursuits and make us happy. Happiness can be achieved provided one has the wisdom of discovery, the wisdom of contentment, the wisdom of gratitude, the wisdom of giving and wisdom of self-actualization. Spirituality is to some extent an one-to-one communication with the divine without the influence of any organization or a set of dogmatic views. It is based more on personal experiences rather than the experience of others. Religion may be defined as a way of life revealed in emotional expressions and inspired by faith in God or in a "supernatural power" which controls and guides the action of man and the destiny of world. Man often feels that his life is incomplete and imperfect. He longs for perfection. This longing makes him to seek the help of some "supernatural power" which can do for him things that he cannot do for himself. Hence, the objectives of the present research were framed to study the state of happiness, spirituality and religiosity among male and female elderly and to study the relationship and contribution of spirituality and religiosity towards the state of happiness. The sample comprised of 360 elderly persons (180 males and 180 females) in the age group 65years and above, only those elderly were selected for the sample who were leading a retired life, were not suffering from any deadly disease and belonged to middle socio-economic status families. The sample was equally distributed over the three cultural zones of Punjab naming Malwa, Majha and Doaba. Data were collected through questionnaire-cum-interview method. Results revealed that significantly more happiness was perceived by elderly males as compared to their female counterparts. Positive and significant relation between spirituality and state of happiness but non-significant relation between religiosity and state of happiness among elderly were found. Correlation analysis showed positive and significant relationship of happiness with spirituality but negative and non-significant relationship of happiness with religiosity among elderly.

7 tables, 29 ref

011629   Okoro I O;Umar I A;Atawodi S E;Anigo K M (Biochemistry Dep, Ahmadu Bello Univ, Samaru zaria, Nigeria, Email: israelik@yahoo.com) : Antidiabetic effect of Cleome rutidosperma dc and Senecio biafrae (OLIV. & hiern) extracts in streptozotocin induced diabetic Rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2014, 5(6), 2490-2507.

Study was carried out to investigate the effects of oral administration of aqueous extracts of Cleome rutidosperma leavesand Senecio biafrae roots on blood glucose, biochemical parameters, lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes activity and hepatic glucose regulating enzyme activities in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ was administered as a single dose (60mg/kg wt, i.p.) to induce diabetes. The effects of the extracts were compared with the standard drug Glibenclamide (600μg/kg b.wt). The aqueous extract of both plants at different doses (125mg/Kg, 250mg/Kg and 500mg/Kg) administered orally to the diabetic rats for 28 days, produced significant (p <60> 0.05) decrease in the level of blood glucose, feed and water intake as well as serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low density lipoprotein (LDL), creatinine, urea, bilirubin and activity of liver marker enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP and TBARS in liver and kidney. Treatment also produced significant (p <60> 0.05) increase in body weight, PCV, High density lipoprotein (HDL), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Glutathione Reductase(GR). Administration of both extracts to STZ-diabetic rats accelerated hepatic glucokinase activity and inhibited gluconeogenesis enzymatic activity (glucose-6-phosphatase). Comparatively, the aqueous extract of Cleome rutidosperma leaves showed better activities than the Senecio biafrae roots aqueous extract. The present investigation suggests that Cleome rutidosperma leaves and Senecio biafrae roots aqueous extracts exhibit antihyperglycaemic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant effects and consequently could prevent various complications of diabetes. The study has also provided evidence for the traditional usage of the plants in the control of diabetes.

58 ref

011628   Mamatha M;Thumuganti P;Konda S;Madhavi M (Pharmacology Dep, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Ramnagar, Hanamkonda, Warangal-506 001, Email: haritha.madhavi@gmail.com) : Evaluation of nootropic activity of hydroxycitric acid in phenytoin treated Rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2014, 5(6), 2216-24.

The study investigates neuroprotective effect of hydroxy citric acid (50%) on phenytoin induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats.Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups and each group received vehicle, phenytoin (25mg/kg, i.p) and hydroxy citric acid (400 and 800mg/kg, orally) for 14 days respectively. Memory and learning was evaluated by using the Rectangular maze, Morris water maze and Locomotor activity were evaluated. On day 14, animals were sacrificed, brain tissue was dissected. The Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE) levels, antioxidants levels were estimated in the brain homogenate. The histopathological studies were done to check for the gross changes in histology. Phenytoin (25mg/kg, i.p) produced significant deficits in learning and memory as indicated by significant increase transfer latency in rectangular maze, Morris water maze and decrease number of counts in Actophotometer. It also produced significant elevation in brain AChE, MDA levels along with reduction in Catalase and DPPH levels. Hyrdroxy citric acid (400 and 800mg/kg) orally, when co-administered with phenytoin, significantly prevented phenytoin induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress and improved the histopathological abnormalities in a dose dependant manner.

20 ref

011627   Maheshwari R (NO, , 53/13, Sriteertha Apartments, 4th Main, 17th Cross, Malleswaram, Bangalore-560 055, Email: rameshmaheshwari2013@hotmail.com) : Biofuel redux. Curr Sci 2013, 104(9), 1138-9.

4 illus, 4 ref

011626   Mahalaxmi Mohan;Shashank B;Vishnu Priya A (NO, Priyadarshini College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Affiliated to Osmani, Narapally, Chowdaryguda (V), Ghatkesar (M), R.R. District, Hyderabad-500 088, Email: mm_nasik@yahoo.co.in) : Protective effect of Psidium guajava L. leaves ethanolic extract on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2014, 5(2), 129-33.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. leaves against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals treated with doxorubicin (8mg/kg, i.p) once daily for 2 days significantly (P<60>0.05) increased Serum Urea, BUN, creatinine, total protein, LPO and significantly (P<60>0.05) decreased CAT, SOD, GSH levels as compared to vehicle treated rats. Treatment with P. guajava (100 & 300 mg/kg, p.o) showed significant (P<60>0.05) decrease in Serum Urea, BUN, creatinine, total protein, LPO and significant (P<60>0.05) increase in CAT, SOD, GSH levels as compared to doxorubicin treated group. Histopathological examinations of kidney tissue showed that doxorubicin changed the renal architecture significantly which was less evident in P. guajava (100 mg/kg & 300 mg/kg) pre-treated rats. Results suggest that P. guajava extract has the potential to ameliorate doxorubicin induced nephrotoxicity and might serve as a novel combination agent with doxorubicin to limit renal damage.

4 illus, 32 ref

011625   Latha B;Latha M S (NO, Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, School of Bioscien, P.D. Hills, P.O, Kottayam-686 560, Email: mslathasbs@yahoo.com) : Preventive effect of leucas aspera methanolic extract on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced sub-acute liver toxicity in male wister Rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2014, 5(6), 2349-53.

N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), a chemical carcinogen widely used to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Food stuffs such as milk and meat products, salted fish, alcoholic beverages and a few varieties of vegetables are the principal sources of nitroso compounds. NDEA has been suggested to cause oxidative stress and cellular injury due to the enhanced formation of free radicals. The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of the methanolic extract of Leucas aspera (MELA) against NDEA induced subacute liver injury in male Wistar rats. NDEA was administered for 4 weeks. MELA at 100 and 200mg doses and standard drug; silymarin at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight were administered one week before the onset of NDEA intoxication and continued for 4 weeks. Significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and total protein were observed in the drug treated groups. Rats intoxicated with NDEA showed elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) and tissue lipid peroxides (TBARS & CD). The study reveals that MELA at a dose of 200mg/kg effectively reversed the hepatotoxicity induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats. Histological changes supported the findings.

14 ref

011624   Khan A A;Saboor I (Microbiology Dep, Umaru Musa Yaradua Univ, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, Nigeria, Email: abraramu@rediffmail.com) : Impact of coal-ash amended soil on growth, yield and photosynthetic pigments of Cicer arietinum. J funct envir Bot 2014, 4(2), 92-5.

Coal-ash, a by-product of coal burned, is rich in a variety of macro- and micro-nutrients and has a vast potential for use in agriculture as amendment. In the present study, the various levels of coal-ash (0.0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100%) were applied to soil to observe the impact on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plant. All the parameters of growth, yield and photosynthetic pigments were increased significantly in 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels as compared to control. The level 30% was best for this crop. However, all the above parameters were reduced at 50%, 75% and 100% levels as compared to control.

2 tables, 9 ref

011623   Kayasth M;Gera R;Varun Kumar (Microbiology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: rgera1967@yahoo.com) : Diversity of free living diazotrophs in salt affected areas of Haryana. Ann Biol 2014, 30(2), 227-34.

Molecular diversity of diazotrophs has been investigated in salt affected areas of Haryana. In this study, out of 234 only 71 isolates showed nifH gene amplification. They exhibited positive acetylene reduction assay, therefore, considered as diazotrophs. Genomic DNA of all the nifH +ve morphotypes was also amplified for 16S rDNA gene using BAC primers i. e. 27F and 1378R. The amplified product was subjected to ARDRA analysis with RsaI, HaeIII and MspI restriction enzymes to identify different phylogenetic groups. On the basis of ARDRA analysis, the different diazotrophic bacterial isolates growing on Burk's, Jensen's, Malate and Soil extract media were distributed into various groups and sub-groups and the divergence among these was started at 51, 64, 65 and 62% similarity, respectively. Considerable genetic diversity was obtained from the similarity coefficient and UPGMA cluster analysis of various diazotrophic bacterial isolates obtained on different media but the isolates obtained on soil extract and Jensen's media showed more diversity at 80% similarity coefficient as compared to Malate and Burk's media.

4 illus, 18 ref

011622   Jurel S K;Gupta D S;Singh R D;Singh M; Srivastava S (NO, , C/O Er. R.B. Singh, 18/373, Indira Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: dentistmj1110@yahoo.co.in) : Genes and oral cancer. Indian J Hum Genet 2014, 20(1), 4-9.

Oral cancers have been one of the leading causes of deaths particularly in the developing countries. Prime reason for this high mortality and morbidity is attributed to the delay in diagnosis and prompt treatment. Relentless research in the field of oncology has led to the advent of novel procedures for the early detection of oral cancers. Molecular biology is highly promising in this regard. It is a procedure that detects alterations at a molecular level much before they are seen under a microscope and much before clinical changes occur. Molecular studies serve as the basis by which we will eventually be able not only to augment clinical assessment and classification of oral lesions but also predict malignant potential of oral lesions, thus reducing the incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. However, making such sophisticated tools available for the common man in developing countries is one of the most important challenges faced today.

^iia56 ref

011621   Gupta S;Sharma V;Shukla D N (Bio-science & Bio-Technology Dep, Banasthali Univ, Tonk, Rajsthan-304 002) : Physico-chemical study of tons river water, meza road, Allahabad and its better management in irrigation. Bioved 2013, 24(1), 61-5.

An experiment was conducted at Allahabad during 2010 to physico-chemical study of Tons river water and its impact on growth index of Arachis hypogaea. Sample taken from Meza Road was physico-chemically analysed. Arachis hypogaea plant was selected for the study of seed germination and seedling growth. Lower concentration of Tons river water was beneficial for germination and seedling growth (till 60%) and higher concentration (80% & 100%) was harmful.

2 tables, 9 ref

011620   Goyal V;Mittal A;Bhuwal A;Yadav G;Yadav A; Aggarwal N K (Microbiology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: neerajkuk26@rediffmail.com) : Isolation, identification and biochemical characterization of meso-alkalophillic cellulase producing Bacillus species. Ann Biol 2014, 30(2), 212-16.

Cellulose is considered as one of the most important carbon sources on this planet, these are degraded into smaller glucose units by cellulase enzymes. These enzymes act on (3-1-4 glycosidic bond on the cellulose and release the glucose units which have various applications in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. Screening of 80 meso-alkalophilic cellulase producing bacteria was done from different soil and agricultural waste samples. The qualitative screening for cellulase production is done by agar plate containing carboxymethylcellulose followed by quantitative screening by shake flask method. Isolates were screened with CMCase activity ranging from 0.07-6.11 U/ml and the highest enzyme activity lied on isolate NVG70. After qualitative and quantitative screening, NVG70 showed a hydrolytic zone of 46 mm diameter and 6.11 U/ml cellulase activity at 35°C. The isolate was characterized biochemically as Bacillus sp.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

011619   Ghosh K;Gorakshakar A C (Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Dep, National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th Floor, Multistoreyed Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai-400 012, Email: kanjakshaghosh@yahoo.com) : Familial mediterranean fever: an unusual disease enlightening the inflammation biology. Indian J Hum Genet 2014, 20(1), 1-3.

1 illus, 13 ref

011618   Dutta S (NO, L.T.K. College, Azad, Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: swapnadutta544@gmail.com) : Evaluation study of Axom Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Mission with regards to deprive urban children. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 676-9.

The Government of Assam launched the Axom Sarva Siksha Abhiyan Mission, a society under Education Department, in 2001 with the primary aim of universalizing elementary education in Assam. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan aims at reaching out all children with a special focus on the most disadvantage groups such as domestic servants, sibling care, and children working in hotels/garages/shops etc. The problems of deprived urban children are peculiar and different from other groups. This calls for special interventions, strategy and approach. Hence, the investigator carried out a study targeting deprived urban children to find out the rate of dropout and to see achievement level of learners in terms of their literacy and numeracy scores and highlighting the suggestion for improving implementation of the programme. One hundred and twenty (120) learners were considered as respondents. The major finding revealed that there had been wide variation in enrolment status of learners and the drop-out rate from special training classes of SSA, ranged from 10.26 per cent to 36 per cent. The reasons for drop-out explained by the learners were lack of time, discouragement by the family members, ill health, distance of the centre from the residence etc. But the achievement level of learners in respect of writing ability, numerical ability and general ability was seen quite improved. The aforesaid finding has provided useful information regarding the process involving in reaching out to the deprived urban children through SSA mission and thus has provided an insight in to the working of the scheme.

5 tables, 7 ref

011617   Choudhary G;Gulati J K (Human Development Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: garima.ror@gmail.com) : Impact of enrichment programme on self-confidence among adolescent girls from low socio-economic status families. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 641-4.

Self-confidence is essentially an attitude which allows us to have a positive and realistic perception of ourselves and our abilities. The present study aimed to examine the impact of enrichment programme on self-confidence of adolescent girls living in low socio-economic conditions. The sample was comprised of 150 adolescent girls aged between 15 to 17 years studying in theGovernment Senior Secondary Schools of Ludhiana city and belonging to low socio-economic status. Self-Confidence Inventory developed by Gupta (2005) was administered to assess self-confidence of adolescent girls. Enrichment progrmame was developed and implemented on adolescent girls. The enrichment proramme was purely group focused and lasted for four months. After a gap of one month of enrichment programme, the participants were re- examined by using the same instruments and the same method of testing. The results revealed significant positive change during pre-enrichment and post-enrichment programme. This shows that enrichment programme helped adolescent girls to enhance their self-confidence and discover their own identity.

3 tables, 11 ref

011616   Chawla S;Madan S;Jain V;Munjal R (Biochemistry Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: sunsshine2009@gmail.com) : Variation of zinc content, yield and yield components in bread and Durum wheat under zinc deficiency. Ann Biol 2014, 30(2), 321-4.

Role of macro and micronutrients is crucial in crop nutrition and thus important in achieving higher yield. Low availability of zinc (Zn) in calcareous soils is one of the widest ranging abiotic stresses in world agriculture. The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of zinc deficiency on zinc content, yield and yield components. Two Triticum aestivum genotypes viz., WH-147 and WH-1061 and two Triticum durum genotypes viz., WH-896 and WH-912 were grown in varying levels of zinc i. e. 100, 50 and 25% Zn. Analysis of data revealed that zinc content decreased in leaves and grains but increased in roots under zinc deficiency. The yield and yield attributes in terms of plant height, biomass per plant, spike length, test weight, grain yield per plant and number of spikelets recorded marked reduction with the decreasing level of zinc. WH-1061 was found significantly superior in retaining total grain yield at different zinc levels. In case of spike length and test weight, highest reduction was noted in WH-896 at different zinc levels. Bread wheat genotypes (WH-1061) were found to be more tolerant under Zn deficit conditions than durum wheat genotypes.

3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

011615   Chakravortty D (Microbiology and Cell Biology Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: dipa@mcbl.iisc.ernet.in) : Hypertension. Curr Sci 2013, 104(9), 1136.

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011614   Bhaskar S;Dharmendra Kumar (Teacher Education Dep, Vardhman P.G. College, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh) : Impact the class room verbal behaviour patterns of rural science teachers for secondary schools. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(2), 700-2.

The study based on ampact of class rooms of secondary schools (U.P.) during the years 2011-12 and 2012-13 through verbal behaviour pattern of rural science teachers which revealed that the magnitude for teacher talk remained higher (85.88%) over (80.02%) in case of rural female against male teachers. However, the magnitude of rural pupil talk was observed lower (13.49%) of female teachers against male (18.12%), which indicated more participation of rural male teachers over female due to more silence or confusion which was due to more acceptable behaviour puting higher number of questions for the development of students. The pupil initiation ratio indicated better in male teachers (35.34%) against female (33.38%) on account of their significant nature of better initiation of approtunities for discussion with the students. Finally the content cross ratio was also observed higher among female teachers over male i.e. 75.76 per cent over 61.46 per cent.

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