026419   MARANDI A, HARSIJ M, ADINEH H, JAFARYAN H (Fisheries Dep, Gonbad Kavous Univ, Gonbad Kavous, Iran, Email: m_harsij80@yahoo.com) : Interaction of fish density and background color effects on growth performance, proximate body composition and skin color of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(3), 138-46.

This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effects of three stocking densities and two tank colors on growth, body composition and skin coloration of common carp (1.41 ± 0.05 g).Fish with low (LD: 20 specimens/tank or 0.70 g/L), medium (MD: 40 specimens/tank or 1.41 g/L)and high (HD: 80 specimens/tank or 2.82 g/L) densities were reared in two tank colors (black and white) for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, density recorded 2.45 g/L and 7.00 g/L at low and high densities treatments, respectively. The final weight and specific growth rate of the fish at LD treatment were significantly higher than those of MD and HD treatments. The highest weight (4.90 ± 0.44 g) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.21 ± 0.13) were obtained for the LD fish treatment reared in the black tanks. Rearing density has a significant effect on the fish body total protein content, but the tank color had no effects on this factor. The fish body lipid content in the white tanks and high density was significantly higher than other treatments. Significant interactions between tank color and rearing density were observed for the fish body protein, fiber and dry matter.The fish skin color was considered by three factors: L*, a* and b*. The results showed that black color had a negative effect on the fish skin color indices. Brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of the fish skin in the white tanks were higher than those of the black tanks. In the present study, tankcolor and rearing density significantly affected growth and feed performance of common carp, while no combined interaction was found between the two factors examined.

4 illus, 1 table, 50 ref

026418   RAISI M, POURKHABBAZ H R, BANAEE M, POURKHABBAZ A R, JAVANMARDI S (Environment Dep, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia Univ of Technology, Behbahan, Iran, Email: pourkhabbaz@yahoo.com) : Effects of Pirimicarb carbamate insecticide alone and in combination with lead (Pb) on biochemical parameters of soft tissues in freshwater snail, Galba truncatula. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(3), 126-37.

In this study, potential effects of Pirimicarb and lead (Pb) were investigated on biochemical parameters in tissues of freshwater snails, Galba truncatula. During an 8-day experiment, snails were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Pirimicarb (0.5 and 1 mg/L) and/or lead acetate (0.1 and 0.2 mg/L). Biochemical analyses of tissues to Photometric method in snails indicate that snails treated with Pirimicarb, Pb, or both Pirimicarb and Pb increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) and decreased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, compared to the control group. Alanine transferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were increased in combined treatments of Pirimicarb and Pb. Total antioxidant (TAO) level increased in snails exposed to both Pirimicarb and Pb, while it decreased in snails treated with either Pb or Pirimicarb. Cholesterol level increased in most experimental groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was showed no significant changes in groups treated with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L of Pb compared to the control; however, AST enhanced in other treatments. In groups exposed to 0.5 and 1 mg/L of Pirimicarb, the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not significant, although a significant reduction was found in AChE level in other treatments. The results indicated that cytotoxicity of Pirimicarb alone and in combination with Pb depended on their concentrations. Higher concentrations of Pb induced significant changes in some biochemical parameters. Moreover, increased Pb level in water intensifies toxic effects of Pirimicarb in snails. Pirimicarb or/and Pb, in sub-lethal concentrations, induced oxidative damages in soft tissue of snails. Finally, these data support the hypothesis that changes in biochemical parameters were induced by exposure to Pirimicarb or/and Pb.

11 illus, 53 ref

026417   SONG J, TONG H (Wuhan Univ, China, Email: huatong09@126.com) : Relationship between yolk sac liquid crystal formation and calcium transport in pigeon egg yolk sac endoderm. Agric Res 2018, 7(2), 232-8.

During the incubation of pigeon eggs, the yolk is transformed from a disordered to an ordered state before being absorbed, and the liquid crystals formed the ordered structure via self-assembly in the yolk. In this study, the relationship between the enzymes (ACPase and Ca-ATPase) and liquid crystal formation within the pigeon endoderm was determined. The results showed that ACPase is critical for transforming the yolk into liquid crystals, which originate mainly from the endoderm. The formation of lamellar structures in the yolk was closely associated with the hydrolytic activity of the enzymes. Additionally, a large amount of Ca-ATPase was expressed in the lamellar structures, indicating modulatory effects of Ca-ATPase on the precipitation of calcium carbonate and appearance of lamellar spherical structures. The liquid crystals containing transport enzymes, which formed as a result of laminarization, serve as reaction sites as well as a reactive source of calcium. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) is an epithelial calcium channel. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between yolk sac liquid crystals and calcium transport by investigating the regulatory mechanisms underlying TRPV6 gene expression in the pigeon endoderm. The pattern of expression of TRPV6 observed in this study suggests that yolk sac liquid crystals participate in calcium transport in the endoderm.

4 illus, 28 ref

026411   HORIE H, CHIBA A, WADA S (Microbiology Dep, Ohu Univ, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan, Email: h-horie@pha.ohu-u.ac.jp) : Inhibitory effect of soy saponins on the activity of β-lactamases, including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(5), 1948-52.

β-Lactamase-producing bacteria encode enzymes that inactivate β-lactam antibiotics by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring. Crude soy saponins were observed to have synergistic effects on the antimicrobial activity of β-lactam antibiotics against β-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus strains. Furthermore, the activities of β-lactamases derived from Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and S. aureus were decreased significantly in the presence of crude soy saponins. This inhibitory effect was also observed against the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), an enzyme whose activity is not inhibited by the current b-lactamase inhibitors. The synergistic effect on the antimicrobial activity of β-lactam antibiotics by crude soy saponins was thought to result from the inhibition the b-lactamase activity. The components of crude soy saponins include several kinds of soyasaponins and soyasapogenols. It was revealed that soyasaponin V has the highest inhibitory activity against NDM-1. The combined use of soy saponins with β-lactam antibiotics is expected to serve as a new therapeutic modality, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics against infectious diseases caused by β-lactamase-producing bacteria, including those encoding NDM-1.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

026410   MOEZ P, MOFTAH R, MAHMOUD H A (Clinical Pathology Dep, Alexandria Univ, Alexandria2152, Egypt, Email: Rfadl78@gmail.com) : A study on the genotype frequency of -158 Gγ (C→T) Xmn1 polymorphism in a sickle cell trait cohort from Siwa oasis, Egypt. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 505-11.

Sickle cell haemoglobinopathy is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of haemoglobin S (HbS) including sickle cell disease (SCD) (sickle cell anemia, HbS/ β-thalassaemia and HbSC disease) and sickle cell trait. In Siwa Oasis, most remote oasis town in Egypt, the prevalence rate of sickle cell haemoglobinopathy is approaching 20 %. The Xmn1 polymorphism was reported to increase the HbF level ameliorating the severity of the SCD. The present study aims mainly to investigate the genotype frequency of −158 Gγ (C→T) Xmn1 polymorphism in Siwa Oasis, Egypt and to study, if possible, any association with increased HbF expression. This study was performed on 62 sickle cell carriers (AS), three cases of sickle cell anaemia (SS) detected during a screening programme conducted on primary school children in Siwa Oasis by Alexandria Faculty of Medicine in 2011–2012. Sixty-five age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (AA) were included. All enrolled children were subjected to PCR-RFLP for the detection of −158 Gγ (C→T) Xmn1 polymorphism using the Xmn1 restriction enzyme. Genotyping of the −158 Gγ (C→T) Xmn1 polymorphism revealed that among AS, 85.5 % were homozygous for the wild-type allele (CC) and 14.5 % were heterozygous (CT). However, among SS, two cases were homozygous for the wild-type allele (CC) and one case was heterozygous (CT). The genotype frequencies among AA were 83.1 % homozygous for the wild-type allele (CC) and 16.9 % heterozygous (CT). None of the studied cases or controls was homozygous for the mutant allele (TT). Among both AS and AA, there was no significant difference between the wild-type and heterozygous genotypes regarding HbF level. Studying genotype frequency of the Xmn1 γ G globin polymorphism (−158 C>T) in Siwa Oasis, Egypt can be considered as a starting point for further research targeting this community sector. However, in our studied cohort, there were only three sickle cell anaemia patients. Further, none of the tested cases or controls was found to be homozygous for the mutant allele (TT). In the absence of any homozygous genotype for the mutant allele (TT) in the studied cohort, any reasonable conclusion on the effect of polymorphism on increase in HbF could not be established. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed for better understanding of the possible association.

1 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

026409   PASANDIDEH M, MIANJI G R, GHOLIZADEH M (Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Univ, Sari, Iran, Email: Majidpasandideh@gmail.com) : A genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting average daily gain and Kleiber ratio in Baluchi sheep. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 493-503.

Genomewide association study (GWAS) is an efficient tool for the detection of SNPs and candidate genes in quantitative traits. Growth rate is an important trait for increasing the meat production in sheep. A total of 96 Baluchi sheep were genotyped using Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip to run a GWAS for an average daily gain (ADG) and Kleiber ratio (KR) traits in different periods of age in sheep. Traits included were average daily gain from birth to three months (ADG_0–3), from three months to six months (ADG_3–6), from six months to nine months (ADG_6–9), from nine months to yearling (ADG_9–12), from birth to six months (ADG_0–6), from three months to nine months (ADG_3–9), from three months to yearling (ADG_3–12) and corresponding Kleiber ratios (KR_0–3, KR_3–6, KR_6–9, KR_9–12, KR_0–6, KR_3–9and KR_3–12, respectively). A total of 42,243 SNPs passed the quality-control filters and were analysed by PLINK software in a linear mixed model. Two SNPs were identified on two chromosomes at the 5 % genomewide significance level for KR(3–9) and KR(6–9). Two candidate genes, namely MAGI1 and ZNF770, were identified correspondingly harbouring and close to these QTL. Also, a total of 21 SNPs were found on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 17, 19, 20 and 25 at the 5 % chromosomewide significance level for ADG and KR traits. Thus, we suggest more studies to discover the causative variants for growth traits in sheep.

2 illus, 4 tables, 61 ref

026408   LI M, LI S, RAO Y, CUI S, GOU K (China Agricultural Univ, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China, Email: goukm@cau.edu.cn) : Loss of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain results in the bladder and stomach developing lesion during foetal development in mice. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 469-76.

Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) is exclusively expresses in smooth muscle, which takes part in smooth muscle cell contraction. Here, we used an insertional mutation mouse whose heavy polypeptide 11 (Myh11) gene has been disrupted and no SM-MHC protein has been detected. Compared to the wild-type and SM-MHC^+/− mice, the SM-MHC^−/− neonates had large round bellies, thin-walled giant bladders, and large stomachs with huge gas bubbles. Most of it died within 10 h and the rest within 20 h after birth. Further analysis of the developing foetuses from 16.5 days postcoitum (dpc) stage to newborn showed no significant (P < 0.05) difference in the ratio of Mendelian inheritance and average body weight among SM-MHC^+/+, SM-MHC^+/− and SM-MHC^−/− mice, whereas the abnormal exterior appearance was observed in each SM-MHC^−/− bladders from 16.5 dpc. Histological analysis showed no difference in stomach tissues but evidently thin-walled smooth muscle layer and a giant cavity in bladders of SM-MHC^−/− foetuses at various stages from 15.5 dpc to newborn. The results indicated that the defect of SM-MHC lead to the bladder developing lesions initially at 15.5 dpc stage in mouse and also implied that the SM-MHC loss might result in the gas bubbles in stomach. The study should facilitate further detailed analyses of the potential role of SM-MHC in bladder and stomach development.

3 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

026407   DJAOUT A, CHIAPPINI B, GAOUAR S B S, BOUZEBDA F A, CONTE M, CHEKKAL F, BOUYAHIAOUI R E, BOUKHARI R, AGRIMI U, VACCARI G (Institut des Sciences Agrovétérinaires (ISAV), 41000 Souk-Ahras, Algeria, Email: djaout.amel08@gmail.com) : Biodiversity and selection for scrapie resistance in sheep: Genetic polymorphism in eight breeds of Algeria. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 453-61.

Scrapie is a prion disease that affects the sheep and goats. It belongs to the group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). TSEs are characterized by the accumulation of the pathological form (PrPSc) of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). The susceptibility of sheep to scrapie is influenced by polymorphisms in the PrP gene (PRNP). The aim of this study was to identify the genetic variability of sheep PRNP in Algerian sheep. Two-hundred and thirteen Algerian sheep from eight breeds (Ouled Djellal, Rembi, Hamra, Berbere, Barbarine, Sidaou, Taadmit and Tazegzawt) with no clinical manifestation of scrapie were analysed. Sequencing of the entire coding sequence of PRNP showed four main alleles (ARQ, ARR, AHQ and ARH) based on codons 136, 154 and 171 with different frequencies among the investigated breeds. Moreover, 14 additional nonsynonymous polymorphisms (Q101R, N103K, M112T, A116P, M137I, L141F, I142M, H143R, N146S, R151G, Y172D, N176K, H180Y and S240P) as well as two synonymous polymorphisms at codons 231 and 237 were found in the PRNP gene. Interestingly, the N103K, M137I and I142M polymorphisms were not described in sheep. The ARQ, ARR and ARH haplotypes were present in all breeds with a highest frequency of ARQ in Barbarine. The ARH was absent in Barbarine breed and the VRQ haplotype was absent in all Algerian breeds studied. The ARQ and ARR alleles were the most common with frequencies ranging from 30 to 65 % and from 8 to 26 %, respectively, in different breeds. These results represent the first study on PRNP variability in Algerian sheep and may serve as a basis for the development of breeding programmes to render national sheep breeds resistant to scrapie.

3 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

026406   GUO R, WANG B, LIN L, CHENG G, ZHOU S, XIE S, SHI X, CAO M, ZHANG Y, BAI X (Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning- 530 007, People’s Republic of China, Email: baixianjin@126.com) : Evolutionary, interaction and expression analysis of floral meristem identity genes in inflorescence induction of the second crop in two-crop-a-year grape culture system. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 439-51.

The fruitfulness of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) is determined to a large extent by the differentiation of uncommitted meristems, especially in the second-crop production of some varieties, where the intermediate of inflorescence and tendril accounts for a significant proportion in two-crop-a-year grape culture system. The differentiation of uncommitted lateral meristem was reported to be regulated by a network, whose backbone was composed of several floral meristem identity genes. In the present study, the phylogenetics of grape floral meristem identity genes with their orthologues in other species, and their conserved domain and interaction networks were analysed. In addition, the effects of chlormequat chloride and pinching treatments on the expression profiles of floral meristem identity genes and content of gibberellic acid (GAs) and zeatin riboside (ZR), as well as the ratio of ZR/GAs in buds that were used to produce the second crop, and the ratio of inflorescence induction of the second crop were studied in ‘Summer Black’. The present results showed that floral meristem identity genes of grape and their orthologues in one or more among Malus domastic, Citrus sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum lycopersicum and Glycine hirsutum, probably originated from a common ancestor. Interaction networks of six grape-floral meristem identity genes indicated that the inflorescence induction and floral development were regulated by one more complex network, and expression profiles of genes that involved in this network could be affected by each other. Expression profiles of eight floral meristem identity genes were affected by chlormequat chloride and pinching treatments, and higher expression levels of FT, TFL1A and TFL1B, as well as lower expression levels of LFY from 3 days before full bloom to 11 days after full bloom were thought to play important roles in promoting the formation of inflorescence primordial of the second crop, and higher expression levels of CAL A, SOC1 and TFL1A at 18 days after full bloom (DAF) could promote the development of inflorescence primordial. In addition, lower ratio of ZR/GAs at 3 days before full bloom and 4 days after full bloom could promote the formation of uncommitted lateral meristems in chlormequat chloride and pinching-treated plants, and higher ratio at 11 days after full bloom was the main reason for the formation of more inflorescences after chlormequat chloride treatment.

8 illus, 1 table, 51 ref

026405   GLUSHKOVA M, BOJINOVA V, KOLEVA M, DIMOVA P, BOJIDAROVA M, LITVINENKO I, TODOROV T, ILUCA E, CALUSARU C, NEAGU E, CRAIU D, MITEV V, TODOROVA A (Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, Medical Univ Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria, Email: glushkova.mariq@gmail.com) : Molecular genetic diagnostics of tuberous sclerosis complex in Bulgaria: Six novel mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 419-27.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of hamartomas localized in various tissues which can occur in the skin, brain, kidney and other organs. TSC is caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes. Here we report the results from the first molecular testing of 16 Bulgarian patients and one Romanian patient in whom we found six novel mutations: four in the TSC2 gene, of which one is nonsense, two frame shift and one large deletion of 16 exons; and two in the TSC1 gene, one nonsense and other frame shift. In addition, we detected 10 previously reported mutations; some of which are described only once in the literature. Our data is similar to the previous studies with exception of the larger number of TSC1 mutations than that reported in the literature data. In total, 40 % (4/10) of the mutation in the TSC2 gene are located in the GTPase-activating protein domain, while 50 % (3/6) are in the TSC1 gene and clustered in exon 15. All the cases represent the typical clinical symptoms and meet the clinical criteria for TSC diagnosis. In 35 % of our cases the family history was positive. Our results add novel findings in the genetic heterogeneity and pathogenesis of TSC. The genetic heterogeneity might correlate to the clinical variability among the TSC-affected families, which makes the genetic counselling a real challenge.

3 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

026404   DAI J, XU C, WANG G, LIANG Y, WAN T, ZHANG Y, XU X, YU L, CHE Z, HAN Q, WU D, YANG Y (Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery Dep, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China, Email: yysdj4829@yahoo.com.cn) : Novel TBX22 mutations in Chinese nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate families. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 411-7.

TBX22 is a gene which contribute to cleft lip/palate, and many mutation sites of TBX22 have been reported. However, the exact role of TBX22 mutation in Chinese nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P) family was not clearly explored. In this study, we tried to investigate the profiles and effects of TBX22 mutation in Chinese NSCL/P family. Members of two Chinese NSCL/P families and 200 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Further, DNA sequence and bioinformatic analysis for TBX22 were performed. The results showed that a novel and essential splicing site mutation, IVS6-1G>C, was detected in a family with cleft palate. The bioinformatic analysis results showed that this mutation would lead to abnormal transcription or translation, followed by a loss of function of TBX22. In addition, a hemizygous missense mutation, c.874G>A (p.D292N), was first reported in another Chinese family, which may exhibit aggravated effects on the phenotypes of CL/P. Taking these findings together, this study provides a profile of TBX22 mutation in Chinese NSCL/P families, and further confirmed the important role of TBX22 in familial cases with X-linked cleft palate.

5 illus, 20 ref

026403   MISHRA S, SRIVASTAVA A, MANDAL K, PHADKE S R (Medical Genetics Dep, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow- 226 014, Email: shubharaophadke@gmail.com) : Study of the association of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene polymorphisms with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions in Indian population. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 405-10.

Recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation. Various causes of RSA have been identified, still 50 % cases remain unexplained after evaluation. One of the causes of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions (URSA) is supposed to be the disruption of immunological tolerance at foeta–maternal interface. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for the development of immune-tolerant environment at foetal–maternal interface and supports pregnancy. Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FOXP3) gene plays an important role in the development and function of Tregs. In URSA, Tregs (CD4+CD25+) are reduced in peripheral blood and decidua of pregnant women. This reduction of Tregs (CD4+CD25+) is associated with decreased expression of FOXP3 gene. This study evaluated the association between singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FOXP3 gene and URSA in Indian population. In this study, 100 patients with a history of URSA and 100 healthy ethnically matched women with at least one normal pregnancy and no abortion were included as case and control groups, respectively. Four SNPs of FOXP3 gene, two in the promoter region: −924A/G and −3279C/A, and two intronic, −20G/A and +459T/C, were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). −924A/G and +459T/C polymorphisms were found to be associated with URSA. −3279C/A and −20G/A polymorphism were not found to be associated with URSA. The odds ratio (OR) of mutant allele G for −924A/G polymorphism was 2.5 (95 % CI 1.7–3.8; P < 0.001) and mutant allele C for +459T/C polymorphism was 1.7 (95 % CI 1.1–2.6; P = 0.01). For −20G/A polymorphism, only GG genotype was found in both URSA and controls. These results suggest that −924A/G and +459T/C polymorphisms of the FOXP3 gene might be associated with URSA and −20G/A polymorphism is likely to be rare in Indian population and might not be associated with URSA.

3 tables, 19 ref

026402   SILVEIRA M A D, ANTONELLI A S, FIORELLI B O, DARCE L P G (State Univ of West Paraná (UNIOESTE), Paraná 85819-110, Brazil, Email: maruhensilveira@gmail.com) : Cytological multimarker screening using BMCyt test in waterpipe smokers: an integrative study of cell damage, toxicological and cancer risk. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 399-404.

Waterpipe smoking is an ancient method of tobacco smoking practiced worldwide. There is a common belief that waterpipe smoking is a safer alternative to cigarette, but many studies showed that some toxicants were associated with cancer risk, significantly higher in waterpipe smoking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the status of waterpipe smoker’s buccal cells and its cancer risk using the buccal micronucleus cytome test. Forty waterpipe smokers (noncigarette smokers) were recruited and paired by gender, age and alcoholic habits with 40 control subjects. One-thousand cells from each individual were analysed and the number of pyknotic cells (PYC), karyolitic cells (KYL), karyorrhetic cells (KHC), condensed chromatin (CC), binucleated cells (BN), basal cells (BC), nuclear buds (NBUD) and differentiated cells (DIFF) were counted. Additionally, 2000 differentiated cells were analysed counting micronucleated cells (MNi) and nuclear buds. We observed an increasing P < 0.05 in all waterpipe smoker’s cell parameters, except DIFF (fold-decrease). Only CC showed no differences between groups. The interference in the cell cycle plus DNA damage observed in this study could be responsible for the high number of damaged cells and in death process, showing the importance of our study and the high risk in waterpipe smoking.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

026401   KARAN K P, SATISHCHANDRA P, SINHA S, ANAND A (Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru - 560 064, Email: anand@jncasr.ac.in.) : A genetic locus for sensory epilepsy precipitated by contact with hot water maps to chromosome 9p24.3-p23. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 391-8.

Hot water epilepsy (HWE) is a rare form of sensory epilepsy where seizures are precipitated by a stimulus of contact with hot water. While earlier studies have suggested causal role of genes for HWE, specific underpinnings are beginning to be explored only recently. We carried out a whole genome-based linkage analysis in a family where most of its members affected by HWE and found evidence of a previously unknown locus at chromosome 9p24.3-p23. Parametric two-point analysis suggested linkage with the greatest LOD score of 3.42 for the marker D9S286 at 9p24.1 at recombination fraction (θ) = 0, 90 % penetrance value and 1 % phenocopy rate. The highest multipoint LOD score of 3.42 was obtained for same marker at 9p24. The critical genetic interval of about 10 Mb of DNA was defined by the markers D9S917 and D9S168 corresponding to the centromere-distal and centromere-proximal recombination boundaries, respectively. This observation along with our previous findings of hot water genetic loci at 10q21.3-q22.3 (OMIM: 613339) and 4q24-q28 (OMIM: 613340), indicates unanticipated genetic heterogeneity for the disorder in families from a relatively small geographic region in the southern parts of India.

3 illus, 2 tables, 48 ref

026400   BRAHMACHARI V, KOHIL S, GULATI P (Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi Univ, Delhi- 110 007, Email: vani.brahmachari@gmail.com.) : In praise of mealybugs. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 379-89.

The fascinating chromosomal cycle leading to facultative heterochromatization in the mealybugs has been a challenging system for mechanistic understanding of the phenomenon of genomic imprinting and epigenetics. The elegant cytological dissection of the various processes reported in the literature is equally fascinating for the researchers of current molecular age. Presently, a two way approach is being pursued; continued efforts of utilizing elegant cytology, in combination with the molecular probes to decipher molecular correlates on one hand and on the other, the de novo biochemical/molecular analysis for the identification of the molecular players using genomic tools. The hope is to uncover novel players in genomic imprinting and epigenetic regulation in the mealybug system which shows differential regulation of the entire genome, with 50 % of its genome being transcriptionally inactivated in a parental-origin-specific and sex specific manner. In addition to being a model for epigenetic regulation, the mealybugs are being utilized for the analysis of radiation resistance as well as metabolic interactions between the microbiome and the host. The overview presented here is an attempt to bring out some of the work carried out in these directions. We also discuss the areas that remain poorly explored in this system, such as the role/involvement of noncoding RNA in male-specific inactivation and the molecular dissection of heterochromatin, the cytological manifestation of the inactive state of genes and chromosome.

4 illus, 2 tables, 71ref

026399   LUCCHESI J C (Biology Dep, Emory Univ, GA 30322, USA, Email: jclucch@emory.edu.) : Transcriptional modulation of entire chromosomes: Dosage compensation. J Genet 2018, 97(2), 357-64.

Dosage compensation is a regulatory system designed to equalize the transcription output of the genes of the sex chromosomes that are present in different doses in the sexes (X or Z chromosome, depending on the animal species involved). Different mechanisms of dosage compensation have evolved in different animal groups. In Drosophila males, a complex (male-specific lethal) associates with the X chromosome and enhances the activity of most X-linked genes by increasing the rate of RNAPII elongation. In Caenorhabditis, a complex (dosage compensation complex) that contains a number of proteins involved in condensing chromosomes decreases the level of transcription of both X chromosomes in the XX hermaphrodite. In mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by the inactivation, early during development, of most X-linked genes on one of the two X chromosomes in females. The mechanism involves the synthesis of an RNA (Tsix) that protects one of the two Xs from inactivation, and of another RNA (Xist) that coats the other X chromosome and recruits histone and DNA modifying enzymes. This review will focus on the current progress in understanding the dosage compensation mechanisms in the three taxa where it has been best studied at the molecular level: flies, round worms and mammals.

98 ref

026398   DWIVEDI M K, NARIYA M, GALIB R, PRAJAPATI P K (Drug Research Dep, Gujarat Ayurved Univ, Jamnagar, Email: drmkdi@gmail.com) : Anti-hyperlipidaemic effects of fresh and cured Bhallataka Kshaudra (Semecarpus anacardium L.) in animals. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2018, 9(2), 143-50.

Bhallataka Phala (fruit of Semecarpus anacardium L.), is a well-known anti-hyperlipidaemic drug. Bhallataka is described in all Ayurvedic classics as Rasayana and advocated for various therapeutic purposes such as Kushtha (skin diseases), Arsha (piles), Krimi (worm infestations), Prameha (urine disorders), Medodosha (lipid disorders), etc. Though its anti-hyperlipidaemic activity has been studied; actual differentiation in their therapeutic efficacy due to storage period has yet not been attempted on experimental animals. This prompted to initiate a comparative anti-hyperlipidemic activity of fixed oil (expressed oil) i.e. non-volatile in nature collected from fresh Bhallataka and four months old (cured) Bhallataka samples against cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidaemia in rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced by oral administration of cholesterol (20 % suspension in coconut oil, 5 mL/kg) in morning hours and hydrogenated vegetable oil (5 mL/kg) in evening. The effect of drugs was assessed on body weight, serum biochemical and histological parameters. Both drugs produced significant attenuation of the relative weight of liver in cholesterol-fed animals. Cured sample of Bhallataka provided better effect in lowering serum cholesterol (21.98 %), triglyceride (60.23 %), VLDL (56.82 %); while fresh sample of Bhallataka also found to be effective in lowering serum cholesterol (20.69 %), serum triglyceride (45.59 %), VLDL (46.59 %) in comparison to control group. From the result of the present study, it is concluded that the cured sample of Bhallataka has pronounced anti-hyperlipidemic effect than the fresh sample in experimentally-induced hyperlipidemia in rats.

4 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

026397   ABDEL GAYOUM A A, AHMIDA M H S (Clinical Laboratory Sciences Dep, Hail Univ, Hail, Saudi Arabia, Email: aabdelgayoum@hotmail.com) : The influence of spironolactone on the serum electrolytes balance and renal cortical magnesium and calcium contents in cisplatin - treated rabbits. Asian J Med Sci 2018, 9(3), 10-6.

Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug. Its use is known to induce nephrotoxicity and may be associated with disturbance of the electrolyte balance. Spironolactone, an antagonist of aldosterone, is frequently prescribed as a potassium sparing diuretic. The present study aims to investigate whether spironolactone can correct the cisplatin-induced electrolyte disturbance in the rabbit. Thirty two New Zealand rabbits were distributed into four groups. Animals of control (C); spironolactone (S); cisplatin (P); spironolactone and cisplatin (SP) groups were injected ip with saline; given spironolactone (20 mg/kg bw/day) orally for 5 days; injected ip with cisplatin (6.5 mg/kg bw); given both spironolactone and cisplatin, respectively. Serum, liver and kidney cortical homogenates were used for biochemical analysis. Serum creatinine and urea levels of P were significantly (P < 0.001) elevated and were severely raised in SP by 7-fold and 2.7-fold. The serum magnesium was increased in S and SP groups by 93.75 % and 112 %, respectively and was depressed in P by 18.75 % compared to C. Serum potassium and calcium of P were significantly (P<0.001) depressed, whereas, serum calcium levels in the S and SP were significantly elevated. The liver magnesium and calcium of SP were elevated by 38.37 % and 40.7 %, respectively, whereas, kidney magnesium showed reduction in the S, P and SP by 36 %, 24 % and 19 %, respectively and elevated in the SP group by 26.56 % compared to S group. The kidney calcium was depressed in the S, P and SP by 30.89 %, 40.0 % and 28.2 %, respectively compared to C. Cisplatin treatment depleted the serum and renal cortical magnesium. The serum calcium and potassium were reduced secondary to the magnesium depletion. The co-administration of spironolactone reversed the cisplatin-induced magnesium and calcium depletions in serum and renal tissue.

2 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

026416   VINAYAK S, THANGADURAI K, GAYATRI R, ANILSUNDARESAN (International Research Foundation for Siddha Science (INFOS), Kannur, Kerala) : Analysis of bioactive compounds from single herbal Siddha distillate. Asian J Sci Technol 2018, 9(05), 8176-80.

Theeneer, the hydro distillate formulations of Siddha medicine is getting popularity and wide clinical acceptance owing to its faster therapeutic outcome. The raw drugs single or compound is preprocessed and subjected to distillation by following the traditional parameters mentioned in the siddha texts. Vasambu (Acoruscalamus Linn.) is a well known herb that has very reputed use in Traditional system like Siddha medicine and other Ethno medicinal practices. The rhizome part is distilled for its medicinal purposes and is termed as Vasambu Dravagam. The drug is indicated in siddha medicine for correcting the vitiations of three humors namely Vazhi, azhal and Iyyam (Vatham, pitham and Kapham). The present study aims in preparing the distillate of Acoruscalamus rhizome and to analyze the drug with GC-MS (Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry). The Rhizome part of Vasambu (Acoruscalamus Linn.) was distilled after following the preprocedures and further the distillate were analyzed for screening the active components. Vasambu Theeneer was colorless with slight peculiar nauseating odor, and having mild sweet and pungent taste.Through GC-MS a total of 4 compounds were identified from Acorus distillate. Predominant peak belonging to 4-[4-(1-Phenyl-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl)-1, 3-thiazol-2-yl] pyridine then asarone, Silicic acid and 2-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl] acrylonitrile. Asarone and the volatile siloxane silicic acid is the active component of this Acorus distillate which has reputed Pharmacological activity in deciding the outcome of the drug. Vasambu Dravagam and its possibility in clinical aspects for broad spectrum of diseases may be supported with this preliminary screening and interpretations.

3 tables, 20 ref

026415   UGEWEEZUMBA P C, NWANKPA P, EMENGAHA F C, EGWURUGWU J N, ABIEIM C, AKWEOGU C N, CHUKWVEMEKA O G, ETTEH C C (Medical Biochemistry Dep, Imo State Univ Owerri, Nigeria) : Alteration of haematological indices on administration of ethanol leaf and root extracts of Sida acuta in albino wistar rats. Asian J Sci Technol 2018, 9(05), 8156-9.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of ethanol leaf and root extracts of Sida acuta on the haematological parameters of albino wistar rats. Twenty eight (28) wistar rats were randomly selected, divided into four equal groups for the study. Group 1 which served as control was fed with normal rat feed and water. Group 2 received 50 mg/kg of ethanol leaf extract of Sida acuta, group 3 received 50 mg/kg of ethanol root extract while group 4 received 25 mg/kg each of both leaf and root extracts of Sida acuta. All administrations were done orally and the study lasted for 21 days after which standard analytical method was used for the haematological assay. The result indicated a significant (P<0.05) reduction in RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, haemoglobin concentration, and PCV while MCV (μm³) showed a significant (P< 0.05) increase in treatment groups compared to control. The result showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) in RBC, platelet, PCV, MCV, MCHC and MCH when both extracts were given together compared to control. In conclusion therefore, Sida acuta leaf and root extracts may induce anemia, suppress immunity and have thrombocytopenia tendencies.

2 tables, 39 ref

026414   JAGPAT S G, KHYADE V B (Zoology Dep, K. G. Kataria Coll, Pune– 413 801) : Oxidative stress reducing capabilities of Moracin, the novel compound from the fruits of mulberry, Morus alba (L) in hydrogen peroxide induced stress in skin fibroblast cell line culture (AH927). Asian J Sci Technol 2018, 9(05), 8126-33.

The potential regarding antioxidant activity of Moracin has been assessed through the use of hydrogenperoxide induced stress in skin fibroblast cell line culture (AH927). The results of the attempt showed that the Moracin offers protection against oxidative stress. And cell viability was found restored to that of control on pre-incubation with the Moracin. The fibroblasts pre-incubated with Moracin had significantly lower levels of catalase; lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde activity when compared to untreated ones. This attempt indicates that, the Moracin is serving as a valuable antioxidant source and therefore, it may be used to treat the cancer cells. The present attempt suggests that acetone-soluble (and water- soluble too) Moracin, from a natural source the fruits of mulberry, Morus alba (L), serve as ideal molecule to prevent oxidative stress.

3 illus, 3 tables, 59 ref

026413   HABIBI G (Biology Dep, Payame Noor Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: gader.habibi@gmail.com) : Antioxidant metabolism and performance index of photosystem II in maize seedlings exposed to high concentration of salicylic acid. Indian J Plant Physiol 2018, 23(2), 360–8.

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) as a plant hormone on photochemical adjustments is still unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different SA concentrations (0, 0.5 and 5 mM) on the chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant activity of maize (Zea mays) leaves at different time intervals after treatments. While exposure to a low concentration of SA (0.5 mM) increased the shoot fresh weight in maize seedlings, a high concentration of SA (5 mM) reduced the chlorophyll a content, shoot fresh weight and performance index of photosystem (PI_ABS). This downregulation of PI_ABS was associated with decreases in the efficiency of the water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII (as inferred from F_v/F_o) and relative water content, which might be related to the influence of SA on this fraction of the electron transport chain of PSII. Additionally, the detrimental effect of high-concentration SA on antioxidant metabolism was time dependent, and an increased level of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation was obtained after 4 days of treatment, associated with an imbalance between superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Taken together, these results suggested that the negative effect of high-concentration SA was time dependent and probably due to an imbalance between the rate of production and quenching of reactive oxygen species, resulting in defective photochemical functioning.

9 illus, 36 ref

026412   PRAJAPAT A, PANDEY R (Pharmacology Dep, Swami Vivekanand Coll of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: prajapatantim7@gmail.com) : Diabetic wound healing potential of Eclipta alba gel in diabetic rodent model. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2018, 9(5,6), 5813-6.

The present study provides a scientific evaluation for the diabetic wound healing potential of herbal gel of Eclipta alba (Linn) Hassk, family Asteraceae, grow as a common in areas of upper gangetic plains, in pasture lands, roadside in chhota Nagpur, all districts of Bihar and Orissa, Punjab, Western India and South India. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a fast growing epidemic throughout the world. Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high level of glucose in the blood. wound healing become challenging position to biomedical sciences when associated with diabetic people.The herbal products are more precious in both prophylaxis as well as curative in delayed diabetic wound healing activity of methanolic powder extract gel and hydro alcoholic extract gel of Eclipta alba in alloxan (120 mg/kg i.p.) inducd diabetic rats. A wound of 1 cm incision was made on ventral side of diabetic male wister rats. Two different gel of Eclipta.alba are applied on wound b.i.d.for 15 days .The initial and final fasting serum glucose level was estimated to confirm the disease state. The plant Eclipta.alba Hassk (Asteraceae) having important role in traditional Ayurvedic, Unani systems of holistic health and herbal medicine of the east.eclipta.alba Hassk is reported to possess hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, deobstruent, antiviral and promoter for blackening and growth of hair. Important source of chemicals is Wedelolactone, demethylwedelolactone exhibit anti hepatotoxic activities. 

1 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

025345   BULUT Y, YENISEHIRLI G, DURMAZ R (Medical Microbiology Dep, Gaziosmanpapa Univ Faculty of Medicine, Tokat-60100,Turkey, Email: yunus.bulut@gop.edu.tr) : Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains in under five children. Indian J Pediatr 2018, 85(5), 364-8.

To determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of rotaviruses in children presenting to authors’ hospital in Middle Black Sea region of Turkey. The results may supply important information about vaccine studies in Turkey. Rotavirus antigen was detected by latex agglutination test and rotavirus RNA was detected by RT-PCR test. On the other hand, rotavirus positive samples were genotyped by semi-nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The highest rate of rotavirus positivity (46.9 %) was observed among children in the 13 to 24 mo age group. All the positive-strains were in G1–4, G8–9, P [4], P [8], and P [9] genotypes. The most common G and P combination in present study was G9P[8] (n = 24, 28.9 %). The present results indicated that the most prevalent genotypes were G1, G9, P8, G9P[8] and G1P[8] in authors’ region. Rotavirus vaccines used in this region must include mainly these genotypes.

3 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

025340   PATHAK G P, VARSHNEYA C, SHARMA D K, SANKHYAN V (Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology Dep, DGCNCOVAS, Palampur-176 062, Email: sankhyan@gmail.com) : Effect of seabuckthron (Hippophae rhamnoides) oil on aflatxin induced hepatotxicity in boiler chickens. Haryana Vet 2018, 57(1), 1-5.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of seabuckthorn (SBT) oil against toxicity induced by aflatoxin B, (AFB,) in broiler chickens. The experiment included 210 broiler chickens (30 birds per group) divided into 7 groups viz. Control (T₁), aflatoxin (AF) (T₂), aflatoxin+Glucomannan(GM)(T3), aflatoxin + SBT oil @ 0.5 ml/kg b.w (T₄), Aflatoxin + SBT oil @ 1.0 ml/kg b.w (T₅), only SBT oil treated group @ 0.5 ml/kgb.w (T₆) and SBT oil treated group @1.0 ml/kgb.w (T₇). GM was mixed with the feed @ 1 g/kg whereas, AF was added @ 400 ppb in feed for duration of 28 days. AF treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR). SBT oil as well as GM significantly (P<0.05) improved the growth performance. AF treatment produced a significant (P<0.05) decrease in total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, and significant (P<0.05) increase in serumaspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total serum bilirubin. However, SBT oil as well as GM significantly (P<0.05) restored these biochemical parameters to normal levels. The histopathological lesions in the liver were severe in AF treated group whereas least severe in SBToil treated groups. On the basis of the growth performance, biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver, it could be concluded that oral supplementation of seabuckthorn oil provide protection against aflatoxicosis in broilers.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

025336   ATWA A A (King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah-21589, KSA, Email: atwaradwan@yahoo.com) : Biological control potential of two Steinernematid species against the date fruit stalk borer (Oryctes elegans prell, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J Insect Sci 2018, 18(3), 1-8.

The fruit stalk borer (Oryctes elegans) is an important pest of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) trees in Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to determine efficacy of using two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema kushidai and Steinernema glaseri, against O. elegans under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, both species of nematodes showed a significant effect on the mortality of O. elegans larvae. Significant variations were observed when insects were exposed to nematodes for variable durations under laboratory conditions. They showed no differences in insect larval mortality when tested either in aqueous suspensions or in Galleria-infected cadavers. Insects exposed to nematode aqueous suspension for 4 d and those treated with Galleria-infected cadavers showed the same rates of mortality, which differed when insects were exposed to nematode-infected cadavers under field conditions. Mean percentages of corrected mortality varied between nematode species and number of infected cadavers. S. kushidai caused significantly higher mortality percentages ± SE (72.17 ± 5.57, 95.83 ± 4.17, 94.43 ± 5.57, and 100 %) compared with S. glaseri when the fruit stalk borer, O. elegans, was treated for 6 wk with two, four, six, and eight infected cadavers, respectively.

3 illus, 2 tables, 52 ref

025335   VAUGHAN S C, LIN H-T, TRIMMER B A (Biology Dep, Tufts Univ, MA- 02155, US, Email: barry.trimmer@tufts.edu) : Caterpillar climbing: Robust, tension-based omni-directional locomotion. J Insect Sci 2018, 18(3), 1-8.

Animals that must transition from horizontal to inclined or vertical surfaces typically change their locomotion strategy to compensate for the relative shift in gravitational forces. The species that have been studied have stiff articulated skeletons that allow them to redistribute ground reaction forces (GRFs) to control traction. Most also change their stepping patterns to maintain stability as they climb. In contrast, caterpillars, most of which are highly scansorial, soft-bodied, and lack rigid support or joints, can move with the same general kinematics in all orientations. In this study, we measure the GRFs exerted by the abdominal prolegs of Manduca sexta (Linnaeus) during locomotion. We show that, despite the orthogonal shift in gravitational forces, caterpillars use the same tension-based environmental skeleton strategy to crawl horizontally and to climb vertically. Furthermore, the transition from horizontal to vertical surfaces does not seem to require a change in gait; instead gravitational loading is used to help maintain a stancephase body tension against which the muscles can pull the body upwards.

7 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

025334   SCHALER J, STOFFOLANO J, FAUSTO A M, GAMBELLINI G, BURAND J (Microbiology Dep, Massachusetts Univ, Amherst, Hampshire, Email: jburand@microbio.umass.edu) : Effect of diet on adult house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) injected with the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV). J Insect Sci 2018, 18(3), 1–5.

Research to date on the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) in three species of flies has focused on adult flies having access to and taking a proteinaceous diet. Since many studies have shown that diet affects viral infection in numerous organisms, this study examined the effect of a protein-free diet on the effect of the SGHV virus in adult house flies, Musca domestica. L. Adults infected with the virus, and maintained on a sugar diet only, showed salivary glands with a blue rather than a grayish color and mild hypertrophy compared with protein-fed flies. It was possible to retrieve the virus from these glands and successfully infect noninfected flies. When injected at various ages, female flies fed only sugar showed that regardless of age, sugar-fed flies still became infected and showed the pathology of the glands. In addition, electron microscope studies revealed at the ultrastructural level that there was no difference between viral replication in cells from salivary glands of adults fed a proteinaceous-free diet and those feeding on protein. 

4 illus, 28 ref

025329   ARROYO-SALGADO B, GARCIA-ESPINEIRA M, OLIVERO-VERBEL O (Cartagena Univ, Cartagena, Colombia, Email: joliverov@unicartagena.edu.co) : Effects of Bisphenol A on streptozotocin treated female mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(6), 419-29.

Bisphenol A (BPA) alters blood glucose homeostasis and is a likely risk factor for diabetes. In this study, we examined the effects of a single BPA dose in adult female mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ) for 13 days under ad libitum conditions. Four groups were used. On day one, groups I and III received sesame oil, and groups II and IV BPA. On the fifth day, and for seven consecutive days, groups I and II received citrate buffer and groups III and IV, STZ. Body weight and biochemical analyses were performed, using histology and hepatic enzymes to evaluate liver injury. Liver mRNA expression for several signaling pathways was studied using real-time PCR. BPA had no adverse effects on weight and biochemical parameters. It did produce a small increase in tail blood glucose levels in STZ mice, as well as liver cytotoxicity and histological changes in other organs. BPA moderately increases the severity of lesions induced by STZ. Both chemicals induced the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), although there was no clear effect when the two were combined. The results showed moderate changes in the liver of adult mice treated with STZ and BPA.

6 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref

025328   SRIVASTAVA D, GAYATRI M C, SARANGI S K (Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056, Email: deeptibiotech@rediffmail.com) : In vitro mutagenesis and characterization of mutants through morphological and genetic analysis in orchid Aerides crispa Lindl.. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(6), 385-94.

Mutation breeding techniques combined with tissue culture and molecular marker methods provide a powerful tool for improvement of slow growing plants such as orchids. In this study, we developed a protocol for in vitro mutagenic studies in a medicinal orchid of Western Ghats, Aerides crispa Lindl., commonly called the Curled Aerides. In vitro grown 60 day old protocorms treated with low concentrations (0.025–0.03 %) of colchicine, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), and low doses (1–4Gy) of gamma radiations, and 27 combinations resulted in healthy multiple shoot bud formation with 40–60 % survival frequency. Higher singly or combined dose treatments caused protocorm or shoot initials death, after 20–30 days. Healthy 2500 in vitro seedlings were screened for phenotypic changes in shoots and roots owing to a mutagenic effect. In total, 206 in vitro seedlings of 52 variant lines were identified on the basis of their unique leaf shape, colour, white stripes, thickness, length, and width and their root length and thickness. These variant lines were multiplied, established in an orchidarium, and compared with the control for genetic variability by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA method. Only 15 genetically distinct mutant lines were identified, which exhibited disparity in growth rate, leaf shape, leaf length, width, chlorophyll variegation, stomatal density, and/or pigment contents.

5 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

025327   SANKHLA I S, MEGHWAL R R, CHOUDHARY S, RATHI S, TAK N, TAK A, GEHLOT H S (Botany Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 033, Email: hsgehlot@gmail.com) : Molecular characterization of microsymbionts associated with root nodules of Crotalaria burhia Buch.-ham. ex Benth., a native keystone legume species from Thar desert of India. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(6), 373-84.

Establishment of legume-rhizobia symbiosis has ample agronomic and ecological significance. Characterization of native rhizobia could enhance our understanding of their natural distribution and co-evolution. The Great Indian Thar Desert is an ecologically significant unique habitat with its flora and fauna. Crotalaria spp. is an economically important legume widely distributed in the Thar Desert and can be considered its one of the bioresources, particularly for biological nitrogen fixation with their symbiotic rhizobia. Here, we examined the legume Crotalaria burhia Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. in search of potential novel rhizobial species. Out of 72 root nodule bacterial (RNB) strains isolated from C. burhia, 51 rhizobia-like strains were examined for genetic diversity based on ARDRA and RAPD patterns. BLASTn sequence similarity results based on 16S rRNA gene of selective thirteen strains representing four ARDRA types revealed that they were related to genera Ensifer, Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. In 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, five (CB5, CB17, CB36, CB44, CB56) strains were closer to Ensifer kostiensis, three (CB6, CB12, CB32) to E. terangae and CB11 showed similarity with E. kostiensis and E. saheli. Strain CB4 was similar to Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and three (CB29, CB31, CB46) strains were closer to species of Rhizobium (R. etli, R. sullae and R. borbori respectively). Symbiotic (nodA and nifH) genes phylogeny of Ensifer sp. CB56 was incongruent and showed close similarity with E. fredii whereas sym gene phylogeny of Bradyrhizobium sp. CB4 was congruent with 16S rRNA gene phylogeny. In Rhizobium strains sym genes could not be amplified and they failed to nodulate host. Our study suggests that C.burhia is nodulated by diverse strains of Ensifer and Bradyrhizobium in alkaline soil of Thar Desert and these strains effectively cross-nodulated crop Vigna radiata.

6 illus, 4 tables, 44 ref

025326   MAITY A, NATARAJAN N, PASTOR , VIJAY D, GUPTA C K, WASHIK V K (Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Email: aniruddha.maity@icar.gov.in) : Nanoparticles influence seed germination traits and seed pathogen infection rate in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(6), 363-72.

Nanoparticles (NPs) influence germination and growth of plants and also reported to have antimicrobial effect on seed. In the present study, effect of four metal/metal oxide NPs viz. Zinc oxide (ZnO), Titanium oxide (TiO₂), Copper oxide (CuO) and Silver (Ag) on seed germination traits and seed pathogenicity of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.)] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] was assessed. NPs were synthesized before seed treatment and characterized for size and chemical property by particle size analyzer (PSA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) following standard procedure. All NPs were pure and confirmed as under nano-size (>90 % of particles below 100 nm). Seed surfaces were observed under SEM for natural openings that apparently acted as entry points for NPs. Seeds were treated with NPs at 0 mg (D0), 750 mg (D1), 1000 mg (D2) and 1250 mg/kg of seed (D3). Except TiO₂, all other NPs enhanced germination at lower dose (D1), but germination was reduced at higher dose (D3) (p=0.05) as compared to control (D0). Seed vigour traits (germination, shoot length, root length and seedling dryweight in this experiment) were also influenced by NPs. Ag NP was proved to be strong antimicrobial agent in this study.

6 illus, 3 tables, 46 ref

025325   DHIMAN K, SHIRKOT P (Biotechnology Dep, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-173 230, Email: dhiman.karuna@gmail.com) : Bioprospecting and characterization of laccase producing bacteria from paddy fields of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(5), 334-41.

Laccase is a copper containing polyphenol oxidase that acts on a wide range of substrates, and thus used in several industrial and biotechnological applications. This enzyme is found in many plant species and is widely distributed in fungi and mostly fungal laccases are used in biotechnological applications. In contrast, little is known about bacterial laccases, although bioinformatic analysis revealed high diversity of bacterial genes for laccase like enzyme and suggests that the enzymes are widespread in bacteria. Since bacterial genetic tools and biotechnological processes are well established, developing bacterial laccases would be significantly important. Thus in the present study, significant high diversity of laccase producing bacteria from rhizosphere of rice plants from paddy fields of Himachal Pradesh was assessed. A total of 375 bacteria were isolated using Tryptone Yeast agar medium containing 5 mM guaiacol as substrate and 40 mg/L CuSO₄. Secondary screening for laccase activity based on their ability to oxidise tannic acid and laccase specific substrate dimethoxyphenol led to selection of 51 bacterial isolates. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characterization and laccase activity, nine bacterial isolates exhibiting maximum laccase activity were selected and molecular characterization was carried out using 16S rRNA gene technology. In silico analysis of 16S rRNA sequences identified these bacterial isolates as Pseudomonas and Lysinibacillus sp.

3 illus, 1 table, 41 ref

025324   DEVINDRAPPA, PATIL J, GOWDA M T, VIJAYAKUMAR R, VERGHESE A (ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru-560 024, Email: patiljaggi@gmail.com) : Fluctuating temperature: A cause for survival and development of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(5), 327-33.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) belonging to the families of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are obligate pathogens of a wide range of insects. But their survival and efficacy is adversely affected by the temperature. Therefore, in the present study, we determined the survival ability of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and Heterorhabditis indica (Poinar) infective juveniles (IJ) by exposing them to various temperatures. Results showed that the percentage survival with the maximum exposure time (48 h) at 25 and 40° C, for S. carpocapsae was 100 and 32.93 %, respectively. H. indica which also showed 100 % survival after exposure to 25° C, did not survive at 40° C. Among the nematodes, S. carpocapsae showed more tolerance to high temperature compared to H. indica and exposure time also significantly different in both nematodes. When IJs used as inoculum source after exposing to various temperature levels, the percent penetration was reduced and, importantly, progeny production was very less on Greater wax moth larvae. On desiccation, IJs of both S. carpocapsae and H. indica showed significant survivalability. H. indica IJs showed significantly more survival compared to S. carpocapsae when exposed to different desiccating levels.

4 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

025846   MISHRA N, BEHERA S P, KALAIYARASU S, NEMA R K, DUBEY P, RAJKUMAR K (ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Madhya Pradesh-462 022, Email: mishranir@rediffmail.com) : Complete genome sequence analyses of an Indian cattle strain of bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (BVDV-2). Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(5), 322-6.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus which infects cattle worldwide causing substantial economic losses in cattle farming. BVDV is divided into two recognized species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 and one tentative species, BVDV-3. Since, complete genome sequence analysis can provide better insights into molecular epidemiology of BVD, we report here the first complete genome sequence analyses of an Indian BVDV-2 strain isolated from cattle. The full-genome of strain Ind 141353 contains 12285 nucleotides (nt) with a single large open reading frame which codes for 3898 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain belongs to the BVDV-2a subtype and has highest (93 %) level of genetic identity with the Chinese cattle strain JZ05-1. It was inferred that although introduction from China is possible, introduction of BVDV-2 into Indian and Chinese cattle from a common trade source cannot be ruled out completely. The results in this study extend the spectrum of pestivirus molecular data and provide important insights into BVDV molecular epidemiology.

2 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

025323   SAIMITHRA T, KUMAR N, NANDAKUMAR K, NAMPOOTHIRI M, RAO C M (Pharmacology Dep, Manipal Coll of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka-576 104, Email: mallikin123@gmail.com) : Catechin, an active constituent of green tea, preserves skeletal muscle activity in dexamethasone induced cachexia by increasing acetylcholine sensitivity in muscles of wistar rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(5), 314-21.

Chronic administration of glucocorticoids produces cachexia like symptoms such as muscular dystrophy, weight loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. However, only limited options are available for treatment of this disease. One of the tea catechins, epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuated skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. In this context, we explored here (+)-catechin hydrate (catechin) for of its anticachectic activity in dexamethasone induced muscle dystrophy. Dosing of catechin at 100 mg/kg p.o. was continued for 5 days along with a daily dosing of dexamethasone at 0.6 mg/kg i.p. On the  6^th day, animals were assessed for cachectic condition using changes in body weight, functional aspect of skeletal muscle such as muscle integrity, locomotor activity, handgrip strength, glucose uptake, responsiveness of skeletal muscle to acetylcholine, by estimating inflammatory parameters such as nitrite, myeloperoxidase in the gastrocnemius muscle and by evaluating plasma biochemical parameters such as triglycerides, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea and IL-6 levels. Except for a few parameters, such as body weight, glucose uptake by hemi-diaphragm and triglyceride level, remaining parameters were significantly reversed by catechin treatment. The underlying mechanism of the myoprotective action of catechin has been postulated by the increased sensitivity of muscle to acetylcholine as demonstrated in this study, which might be responsible for prevention of muscle inflammation.

5 illus, 39 ref

025322   SHINDE G, KHAVALE S, DADACHAJI R, D' SOUZA S, NANDEDKAR T, MUKHERJEE S (Molecular Endocrinology Dep, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai-400 012, Email: srabanimuk@yahoo.com) : Estrogenized mouse model of polycystic ovary highlights mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(5), 293-304.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a major cause of anovulatory infertility in women, featured by an ovarian morphology that reflects arrested follicular growth and accumulation of cystic follicles. Alteration of apoptotic process may promote development and persistence of follicular cysts, which has not been explored in details. Female animals exposed to estrogenic compounds at specific growth stages show altered pubertal maturation, ovulatory dysfunction, accumulation of follicular cysts and infertility. Here, we developed a mouse model of cystic ovary by neonatal estrogenization and investigated apoptotic changes underlying cystogenesis across various time points. We compared pro- and anti-apoptotic markers along with ovarian morphology between control and estradiol treated mice using several techniques including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Treated mice presented with cystic follicles with degenerated oocyte and reduced granulosa cell layer, anovulation, along with persistent estrus cycle and infertility. Increased apoptosis was demonstrated in cystic follicles with significantly increased expression of JC-1, Bid, caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, our findings highlight the involvement of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in development of polycystic ovary in response to neonatal exposure to estrogen. This model may serve to delineate the effect of environmental estrogen exposure to altered ovarian physiology which is frequently observed in PCOS women.

6 illus, 39 ref

025320   GEETHANJALI S, SUBHASH A (Biochemistry Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Thiruvannamalai– 606 753, Email: drgeethanjalitnau@gmail.com) : Isolation and purification of protease from Labeo rohita viscera. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2018, 55(3), 222-6.

The discarding of fish wastes creates environmental and disposal problems. A number of bioactive compounds can be extracted and purified from the fish wastes. Therefore, protease was purified from the visceral organ wastes of Labeo rohita. The fish visceral waste was collected from Mettur Dam, Tamil Nadu. A crude homogenate was prepared and subjected to acetone precipitation, dialysis, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The molecular weight of the isolated protease was determined by SDS-PAGE and confirmation of the protease activity was done by zymography. From the study, it was concluded that, the final purified sample showed a purification fold of 13.4, the specific activity of 8.62 U/mg, recovery percentage of 5.44 and a molecular weight of 38 kDa. Hence the present study was taken up with the view of utilizing the large amounts of fish wastes for the extraction of a beneficial enzyme, namely protease thereby contributing to the reduction of pollution caused by disposal of fish waste.

3 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

025318   PRAJAPATI P, SINGH D, TRIPATHI S, PATEL K, ABBAS H, PATEL A (Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari- 396 450, Email: praveenprajapat01@gmail.com) : Effect of water stress on antioxidative enzymes and glycine betaine content in drought tolerant and drought susceptible cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2018, 55(3), 198-204.

Drought stress is one of the foremost abiotic stress, which causes a reduction in plant growth and yield. Therefore, present study was aimed to analyzed the activity of four antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), esterase (EST), and osmolyte glycine betaine (GB) in leaf and root tissues of two cotton genotypes namely, G.cot-16 (drought tolerant) and GBHV-177 (drought susceptible) subjected to drought stresses by with holding of irrigation. A differential response was observed for antioxidant enzymes and GB network in cotton genotypes. GB content was significantly higher in leaf tissues as well as root tissues of G.cot-16 than GBHV-177. The activity of SOD significantly boosted in leaf and root tissues of both the genotype up to 20 days after stress (DAS) however, further it declined in the GBHV-177 with increasing severity of water deficit stress. Activities of GR and EST significantly enhanced in leaf and root tissues of G.cot-16 while drastically declined in the leaf and root tissues of GBHV- 177 till 40 DAS under water stress condition. Moreover, POD activity was significantly increased in the leaf and root tissues of G.cot-16 up to 30 DAS then it was declined to 40 DAS, however in GBHV-177 markedly declined in the leaf and root tissues till 40 DAS under water deficit stress condition. It is concluded that during water stress leaf tissues of drought- tolerant genotype shows higher reactions of an antioxidative pathway to cope up drought stress. Thus, the existence of this variability in the cotton genotypes might be used by the breeder for improvement of cotton productivity under drought or water deficit stress condition.

1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

025317   MITTA R, KANDULLA R R, PULALA R Y, KORLAKUNTA N J (Pharmacology Dep, CMR Coll of Pharmacy, Hyderabad- 501 401, Email: mittargv@gmail.com) : Alleviatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress on male Wistar rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2018, 55(3), 191-7.

Fluoride is one of the most common pollutants of potable water. Fluorosis is an endemic and global problem. Excessive intake of fluoride might accumulate and alter the functions of soft tissues including liver. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the alleviatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (BOB) leaves on sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals in each. Group I served as the normal control. Group II served as toxic control. Group III, IV, and V served as treatment groups received extract at three doses 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg respectively. Group VI served as plant control received a hydroalcoholic extract of BOB leaves 400 mg/kg. All groups except I, and VI, received NaF (100 ppm) through drinking water for 30 days. After the end of the study, serum profile and lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and catalase enzyme levels were measured in homogenates of the liver. The results of the present study suggested that BOB alleviates sodium fluoride- induced hepatotoxicity, probably via its antioxidant activity.

1 illus, 5 tables, 37 ref

025316   KARMAKAR S, GHOSH R (Biochemistry and Biophysics Dep, Kalyani Univ, Nadia- 741 235, Email: ritadg2001@yahoo.co.in) : Synergistic action of cisplatin and 9-Phenyl acridine in A375 cells. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2018, 55(3), 173-82.

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug and its potency lead to treatment of different types of cancer. Cisplatin discovery has led to the perception that platinum (II) compounds can be potent anticancer drugs that can successfully use in the treatment of cancers like cancer of bones, muscles, soft tissue, blood, etc. In spite of having such a broad spectrum of anticancer activity, these platinum compounds are poisons, become resistance to different cancers and produce severe side effects. So, cisplatin is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents like PARP inhibitors to increase its efficacy at lower doses. In this report, we present our findings on the effect of 9-Phenyl acridine (ACPH) on cisplatin toxicity in A375 cells. ACPH could sensitize killing of both exponential and density inhibited A375 human melanoma cells. Compared to cisplatin alone, co-treatment of cisplatin with ACPH resulted in an increase in DNA damage, ROS generation and depletion of GSH level in treated cells. Apoptotic death was also enhanced. ACPH possibly potentiated the effects of cisplatin through the inhibition of PARP1 activity.

10 illus, 34 ref

025315   RAUF A, RAHIM A, QASMI I A (Ilmul Advia Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh) : Antihyperglycaemic activity of extracts of Khulanjan (Alpinia galanga-rhizome) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hippocratic J Unani Med 2018, 13(2), 13-24.

The rhizome of Alpinia galanga L., commonly known as Khulanjan in Unani System of Medicine, has been used for long for the treatment of headache, impotence, rheumatic pain, sore throat and diabetes mellitus. In the present study, its aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were investigated for their antihyperglycaemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A comparison was made between the effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts in low and high doses (70 & 140 mg/kg and 130 & 260 mg/kg, respectively) and a known antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide (0.25mg/kg) for 28 days. Fasting and postprandial blood sugar was estimated on 0, 7^th, 14^th, 21^st, and 28^th day. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed and blood was investigated for HbA1c and liver glycogen. The effect of extracts on body weight and urine sugar was also observed. The low doses of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract showed a significant reduction in fasting (p<0.05 and p<0.01) and postprandial blood glucose level (p<0.05 and p<0.01). HbA1c reduced to a significant level in low doses of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract (7.08 ± 0.3650 and 7.27 ± 0.1858) respectively and high dose of hydroalcoholic extract (7.75 ± 0.4216) as compared to diabetic control (10.49 ± 0.4670) group. The low dose of hydroalcoholic extract also exhibited a significant increase in liver glycogen (53.90 ± 7.051). The study suggests that the test drug possesses antihyperglycaemic activity

6 tables, 24 ref

025314   KHANRA A, RAI M P (Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Uttar Pradesh-201 313, Email: mprai@amity.edu) : Evaluation of mixotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis for lipid synthesis and FAME characterization towards biodiesel application. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(6), 359-64.

The lipid enhancement of Euglena gracilis has been investigated in mixotrophic condition by altering the concentration of technical glycerol. The lipid yield (45.15 %) was found more than three times higher in contrast to photoautotrophic cultivation (11.28 %). The role of essential abiotic factors, light intensity (30, 60.5, 100, 150 μmol m-2 s-1) and photoperiod (24:0, 16:8, 8:16, 0:24 Light: dark) were also investigated. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were synthesized and analysed through GC-MS. It possesses appropriate quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), in accordance with biodiesel standards. Henceforth, our present study focuses the improved lipid synthesis from E. gracilis for biodiesel application.

4 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

025313   VISHWANATHAN M S, SEKHAR M C, ARULARASAN S, NATHANI N M, ARUMUGAM S, PATEL A K, GADHVI I R, JOSHI C G (Marine Biology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai- 608 502, Email: vtpviswa@gmail.com) : In vitro primary culturing of cells and explant tissue of Conus cumingii venom duct: Cytotoxicity assessment of their culture supernatant on HEK 293T. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(5), 1096-102.

In present study, we attempted to establish primary culture of cells in suspension and tissue explants from the venom duct of Conus cumingii for ample production of conopeptides. Venom secretary cells migrated from tissue explant within a day and the primary culture cells were successfully maintained up to 20 days. Further, the culture supernatant from both the cell suspension and explant was treated with HEK 293T cells for determining its cytotoxic effects which revealed significant reduction of cell viability giving a prompt evidence for the successful conopetides production by the primary culture in the growth medium.

5 illus, 26 ref

025312   AMBILY V, NANDAN S B (Marine Biology Dep, Cochin Univ of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Email: bijoynandan@yahoo.co.in) : Nutritional composition of Arius subrostratus (valenciennes, 1840) from Cochin estuary, India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(5), 972-77.

Proximate, amino acid, fatty acids and mineral composition of the muscle tissue of Arius subrostratus from Cochin estuary were analyzed. The present study revealed that the moisture, protein, lipid and crude ash of the species was 80.46 %, 17.65 %, 1.83 % and 1.24 % respectively. In this study eight essential amino acids were detected where lysine (10.21%) exhibited highest percentage of total amino acids detected. Major PUFA detected from this study were linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C20:6). Among the minerals obtained phosphorus (47.80%) contributed major percentage. Hence the study reveals muscle tissues of Arius subrostratus contain high amount of protein, rich source of iron and other essential nutrients good for our health and well being.

1 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

025360   BOZOK F (Biology Dep, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Univ, Osmaniye, Turkey, Email: fbozok@osmaniye.edu.tr) : Herbicidal activity of Nepeta flavida essential oil. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 2018, 21(6), 1687-93.

Chemical components of the essential oil of Nepeta flavida (aerial parts), collected from Düziçi region of Osmaniye province (Turkey) was investigated. A total of forty-one compounds were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among these, the major compounds were found to be linalool (37.64 %) and 1,8-cineole (30.80 %). Herbicidal activity of the essential oil of N. flavida in different concentrations (0.25-8.0 μl/ml) was studied on the seeds of Lepidium sativum, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa . It was found that the essential oil at 4.0 and 8.0 μl/ml concentrations completely inhibited the germination of all tested species.

1 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

025359   ADASZYNSKA-SKWIRZYNSKA M, DZIECIOL M (West Pomeranian Univ of Technology, Szczecin, Poland, Email: madaszynska@zut.edu.pl) : Comparison of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from different cultivars and morphological parts of Lavandula angustifolia. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 2018, 21(6), 1532-41.

The aim of the study was to compare the composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from flowers and leafy stalks of two cultivars of Lavandula angustifolia: ‘Blue River’ and ‘Ellagance Purple’. Using gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS) method, 47 of their components were identified and quantified. The composition and activity of essential oils varied with the type of cultivar and the morphological part of the plant. The main components of essential oils obtained from flowers were: linalool, linalool acetate, lavandulol acetate and α-terpineol. Essential oils from leafy stalks contained mainly: borneol, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, caryophyllene, eucalyptol and linalool. The significant inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms growth: S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans was observed for all tested oils, but some important differences in their activity were found and compared to linalool. The relationship between the composition and biological activity was discussed.

2 tables, 32 ref

025358   HARSAL A E, MANSOUR A I, SENHAJI N S, KHAY E O, BOUHDID S, AMAJOUD N, FARAH A, BELMEHDI O, ABRINI J (Biology Dep, Abdelmalek Essaâdi Univ, Morocco, Email: elharsal20@gmail.com) : Influence of extraction time on the yield, chemical composition, and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Origanum elongatum (E. & M.) harvested at Northern Morocco. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 2018, 21(6), 1460-74.

The essential oil of Origanum elongatum is known by numerous biological activities, which are linked to its chemical composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-distillation time on the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of O. elongatum growing in the north of Morocco. The essential oil fractions were captured at nine regular time intervals after the beginning of hydro-distillation process. Maximum essential oil yield was achieved at a hydro-distillation time of 140 min. The dissolved volatile fraction was extracted from the hydrosol at the end of hydro-distillation process. The chemical composition was determined by GC-FID and GC/MS. The chemical profile of the essential oil showed the predominance of oxygenated compounds (65.14 %) followed by hydrocarbon compounds (28.02 %). Thymol accounted for 63.44 % of the total EO. Dissolved volatile fraction was dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes with 91.93 % of thymol. The results revealed that hydrodistillation time produces oil fractions with specific chemical profiles. The antibacterial activity was tested against four bacterial strains. The results showed that essential oil fractions captured from 80 to 160 min had greater antibacterial activity than fractions recovered at the beginning of the distillation and the whole oil. The inhibitory zones diameters were linearly correlated with the increase of thymol concentration in each fraction up to 160 min (r-Pearson ranges between 0.95 and 0.97 with p < 0.0001). The strongest activity was observed with essential oil fractions from 141 to160 min of hydro-distillation time with MIC values ranged from 0.0312 to 0.125 % (v/v) and MBC from 0.0312 to 0.25 % (v/v). These data may help to reduce the cost and the time of essential oil extraction and to select the oil fraction with desirable composition for it use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food industries.

2 illus, 4 tables, 56 ref

025357   AITBOULAHSEN M, ZANTAR S, AMIN L, MOHAMMED E, ABDELHAY A, CHAIRI H, BAKKALI M, ZERROUK M H (Biology Dep, Abdelmalek Essaâdi Univ, Morocco, Email: mounirtech@yahoo.es) : Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils against pathogens isolated from food, crops and hospitals in Morocco. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 2018, 21(6), 1450-9.

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium) and Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) essential oils (EOs) against bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from food and hospitals and phytopathogenics fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer) isolated from crops were studied. Gas vhromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed pulegone (86.3 %) as the major compound for M. pulegium EO (MEO) while R. officinalis EO (REO) was rich in 1,8-Cineole (35.7 %). Antibacterial activity of MEO was more important than REO. S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were the most resistant to REO while P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive to MEO. MEO was also effective against the fungal strains at low concentrations. In fact, 2 μL/mL were sufficient to inhibit 100 % of mycelium growth for both B. cinerea and R. Stolonifer. B. cinerea was more sensitive to REO than R. stolonifer. Antioxydant activity of the two EOs were examined using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay method. MEO showed notable antioxidant activity when compared to BHT while REO showed a very small activity.

4 tables, 41 ref.

025356   NOREEN R, INTISAR A, GHAFFAR A, JABEEN F, ABID M A, DIN M I, IRFAN M, FAIZ F, SATTAR T (Punjab Univ, Lahore - 54590, Email: azeemchemist@yahoo.com) : Constituents of volatile oil from bark of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) and its antibacterial activity. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 2018, 21(1), 198-205.

Volatile oil composition of the bark of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) was reported. Oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed through GC-MS. 48 Constituents were successfully identified that accounted for 93.35 % of the total composition. The most abundant constituents found in the bark were linoleic acid (20.1 %), α-zingiberene (10.3 %) o-cymene (9.3 %), palmitic acid, (9.0 %), oleic acid (7.0 %), and βsesquiphellandrene (5.3 %). Moreover, antibacterial activity of oil was evaluated against four different pathogenic strains namely Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Methicillinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Proteus spp. The results of antibacterial activity demonstrated that the activity of oil follows the principle of dose-dependency. The zone of inhibition at the maximum dose of 200 μL were 38 mm for Proteus spp., 34 mm for E. coli, 31 mm for MRSA and 30 mm for MSSA.

1 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref.