011213   Olatokun Wole M;Ayanbode O F (Africa Regional Centre for Information Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Email: woleabbeyolatokun@yahoo.co.uk) : Use of indigenous knowledge by women in a Nigerian rural community. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2009, 8(2), 287-95.

Investigates Rural Women's use of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in the development of Ogun State, Nigeria. Among others, it aimed at identifying the nature and types of IK being used by the rural women, the extent of use as well as the domains of use. It equally aimed at finding out how the rural women's use of IK has positively affected sustainable development in Ogun State. The survey research design was adopted. The targeted population comprised rural women in Odeda local government area of Ogun State. A purposive sample of 250 respondents was selected. Data were collected with an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analyses were carried out using frequencies and percentage distributions. Findings revealed that majority of the rural women were farmers and illiterates but have vast knowledge of traditional medicine. There was an extensive use of oral IK in various domains: culture transfer and preservation, food security, saving and lending money, population control, childcare, etc but its greatest impact was in the area of food production.

011212   Nedumaran T;Thillairajasekar K;Perumal P (CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Mangrove associated cyanobacteria at Pichavaram, Tamilnadu. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 77-85.

Study was carried out at two stations on the seasonal variations and species composition of mangrove associated cyanobacteria at Pichavaram, southeast coast of India, during April 2000 to March 2001. The results indicated that the water quality differed between the two stations viz. the Periakadavu and Karithurai. More number of cyanobacteria was recorded during monsoon season. Many cyanobacterial species were found to be associated with the aerial roots of the mangrove plants. Totally 23 cyanobacterial species were recorded in association with the mangrove vegetation. Among them Lyngybya major, Oscillatoria agardhii and Phormedium fenue were predominant. Avicennia marina harboured maximum cyanobacterial species than the other mangrove plants.

10 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

011211   Nandeesha H;Sathiyapriya V;Bobby S;Selvaraj N;Pavithran P;Agrawal A (Biochemistry Dep, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry-605 006, Email: zacbobby@yahoo.com) : Atherogenic lipid risk factors in men classified as overweight and obese according to the preliminary WHO guidelines for Asians. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(2), 205-8.

^ssc1 table, 8 ref

011210   Nair S K;Vinod;Bhanwar Singh;Tomar S M S (Genetics Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vinod.genetics@gmail.com) : Inheritance and chromosomal location of flecking in a mutant C591(M8) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 108-12.

Genetic analysis of data in F₂ generation derived from the cross NP852/C591(M8) and NP846/C591(M8) revealed that flecking in mutant C591(M8) of Triticum aestivum L. is controlled by a single dominant gene. The mutant C591(M8) was also crossed with individual monosomic lines of Chinese Spring and monosomic F₁ plants were cytologically identified. The F₂ plants derived from individual monosomic F₁s were scored for the presence of flecking. No critical line could be Identified as several lines deviated from expected Mendelian ratio. Considering the peculiar characteristics of the mutation, which resembled the disease lesion mimic mutations reported in other crops such as maize, this indeed is a mutation in hexaploid wheat. The gene symbol Flk is proposed for flecking (= lesion mimic) in the mutant line C591 (M8). The flecking mutant will serve as a useful genetic marker.

6 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

011209   Muruganandam A;Natanamurugaraj G;Arulmurugan P;Senthilkumar T;Ramalingam R;Jeyachandran S (PG and Research Dep of Botany & Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpham College, Poondi-613 503) : Antibacterial efficiency of marine cyanobacteria. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 171-6.

Cyanobacteria belong to diverse group of prokaryotes with unique functional and adaptable features in all ecosystems. The present work was carried out to study antibacterial efficiency of Arthrospira platensis and Aphanocapsa littoralis by disc diffusion technique. Bacterial strains were used for testing microorganisms of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcusfaecalis and gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sterile filter paper discs containing methanol extracts of the marine cyanobacteria were placed on the medium. A disc containing the standard ciprofloxacin (2mg/disc) was used as positive control. The assessment diameter of zone of inhibition formed around the disc was measured. The MIC of all extracts were observed except in few concentrations. The complexity of antimicrobial properties in cyanobacterium is due to multiple inhibition properties, which may be found in pharmaceutical value.

7 illus, 9 ref

011208   Mukherjee M;Datta A K (Botany Dep, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235) : Evaluation of genetic diversity in five species of Ocimum by SDS-Page. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 212-14.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

011207   Mojtahedin A;Tamaddonfard E;Zanboori A (Basic Sciences Dep, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia Univ, Urmia-57135, Iran, Email: e_tamaddonfard@yahoo.com) : Antinociception induced by central administration of histamine in the formalin test in rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 249-54.

The study, effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of histamine, mepyramine (H₁-receptor antagonist) and famotidine (H₂-receptor antagonist) have been investigated on the formalin test in rats. Subcutaneous injection of formalin (50 μl, 1%) into the ventral surface of the left hind paw produced a marked biphasic pain response (first phase: 0-5 min and second phase: 15-45 min). All the performed treatments did not significantly influence the first phase of pain. Histamine at the doses of 10 and 40 μg and mepyramine and famotidine at the same doses of 20 and 80 μg, significantly (P<0.05) decreased the late phase of formalin-induced pain. Pretreatments with mepyramine and famotidine at the same dose of 80 μg, significantly (P<0.05) prevented the histamine (40 μg)-induced antinociception. These results indicate that brain histamine produces antinociception, and both central H₁ and H₂ receptors may involve in the histamine-induced antinociception in the formalin test in rats.

4 illus, 30 ref

011206   Mohanty B;Arul S;Kumar R R (NO, , No. 8, 4th Cross, Tantai Perriyar Nagar, Pondicherry-605 005, Email: snehamohanty@sify.com) : Metabolic syndrome - prevalence and significance of its detection in selected population in Pondicherry. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 207-10.

Obesity by itself is not an immediate lethal disease, however, it is a significant risk factor associated with a range of serious non-communicable diseases. Aim is to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in interns coming from higher socioeconomic class. Sixty one interns participated in the study. BMI, WHR and blood chemistry were performed. EGIR criteria were considered to identify the metabolic syndrome. According to EGIR criteria, insulin resistance was found in 24.5% cases and metabolic syndrome exists in 14.7% of overweight/obese interns. Insulin resistance as per HOMA-IR was found in 6% of those having metabolic syndrome. High diastolic blood pressure, low HDLc are prone to develop metabolic syndrome by six times where as an increase in WHR (central obesity) particularly in male are eleven times more prone to develop metabolic syndrome.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

011205   Misro M M;Chaki S P;Chandra M;Maheshwari A; Nandan D (Reproductive Biomedicine Dep, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi-110 067, Email: mm_misro@yahoo.com) : Release of copper from CuT 380A co-incubated with human semen and its effect on sperm function in Vitro. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 267-73.

Release of copper and its effect on functional integrity of human sperms in vitro were assessed following co-incubation of semen with CuT 380A. After 30 min of incubation with semen, release of copper ions from CuT 380A was found to be 9.2 to 40 times higher compared to control incubations with PBS. Sperm function tests, when simultaneously performed following loss of motility in sperms (>95%) after 120 min of copper exposure, depicted a significant (P<0.001) reduction in sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) response. However, the affected sperm populations revealed no significant alterations in other functional tests like acrosomal status or nuclear chromatin decondensation. It is therefore concluded that the high release of copper from CuT 380A drastically lowers sperm motility. viability and HOS response but only marginally affects the acrosome status or nuclear chromatin condensation in short term incubations.

3 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

011204   Mishra A;Singh M (Anatomy Dep, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, Email: dranan5@rediffmail.com) : Effect of prenatal topiramate exposure on behavior alterations in rats. Ann Neurosci 2008, 15(2), 31-5.

Pregnant Charles-Foster rats were exposed to topiramate, a novel antiepileptic drug at the doses of 40,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight orally from day 9-12 of gestation (GD). The animals from both treated as well as vehicle control groups were allowed to deliver on GD 21. The offspring culled at birth on the basis of sex and weight were subjected to behavioral tests at the age of 8 weeks. The topiramate treated rat offspring showed enhanced anxiety, increased fearfulness, reduction in spatial learning and memory on behavioral tests performed in Open field, Elevated plus maze and Morris Water Maze. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to topiramate during a critical period of brain development leaves a lasting imprint on the brain, resulting in abnormal anxiety states, possibly through dopaminergic neurotransmission mechanisms.

3 tables, 25 ref

011203   Mishra A J (Humanities and Social Sciences Dep, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee) : Family linkage of the old age home residents of Orissa. Indian J Gerontol 2008, 22(2), 196-212.

The tremendous growth of old age hones is India draw attention to the disjunction in relationships between ageing parents and children. Nowadays there is a marked shift in the preference of living arrangement among both parents and children. This paper looks at the family linkages of the old age home residents. The paper is based on the study conducted in four coastal districts of Orissa. It was found that the poverty and lack of money was one of the prime reasons for conflict with children. The residents did not prefer "intimacy - but - at - a - distance" as a form of living arrangement as is found in the European countries. They were of the opinion that either the parents should live with children or they should live away from children in some distant place.

14 ref

011202   Mahadeswaraswamy Y H;Devaraja S;Kumar M S; Goutham Y N J;Kemparaju K (Studies in Biochemistry Dep, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, Email: kemparaj@rediffmail.com) : Inhibition of local effects of Indian Daboia/Vipera russelli venom by the methanolic extract of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(2), 154-60.

Although anti-venom therapy is available for the treatment of fatal bite by snakes, it offers less or no protection against the local effects such as dermo- and myonecrosis, edema, hemorrhage and inflammation at the bitten region. The viper species are known for their violent local effects and such effects have been commonly treated with plant extracts without any scientific validation in rural India. In this investigation, the methanolic extract of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) seed was studied against the Indian Daboia/Vipera russelli venom-induced local effects. The extract abolished the proteolytic and hyaluronidase activities and also efficiently neutralized the hemorrhage, edema-inducing and myonecrotic properties of the venom. In addition, the extract also inhibited partially the pro-coagulant activity of the venom and abolished the degradation of Aa and Bá chains of human fibrinogen. Thus, the extract possesses potent anti-snake venom property, especially against the local effects of viper bites.

011201   Madhumathy A P;Aivazi A A;Vijayan V A (Studies in Zoology Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: vavunimys@rediffmail.com) : Larvicidal efficacy of Capsicum annum against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. J Vector Borne Dis 2007, 44(3), 223-6.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

011200   Lokhande P K;Dalvi U S;Damame S V;naik R M; Mhase L B (Biochemistry Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722) : Rapd analysis of f₁ diallel cross population of chickpea for drought tolerance trait. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 353-6.

The diallel F₁ crass populations viz, PG.96006 X ICCC-42 and PG-96006 X Vijay were analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with two informative primers (OPA-14 and OPA-08). The RAPD patterns with OPA-14 showed a distinct band of 0.68 kb of parent PG-96006 in both the crosses. However, with OPA-08, the specific locus sequence and 1.03 kb and parent PG-96006 appeared in PG-96000 X Vijay cross. With these two primers further segregation population of chickpea will be detected for drought tolerant trait.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

011199   Lokhande P K;Dalvi U S;Damame S V;Naik R M; Mhase L B (Biochemistry Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722) : Identification of molecular marker associated with chickpea for drought tolerance using rapd analysis. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 349-52.

Seven drought tolerant genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were evaluated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. These genotypes were evaluated using 12 different 10-mer primers of arbitrary sequences. All 12 primers were polymorphic in total, 124 amplified bands were observed in these patterns. Out of the 124 amplified bands, 100 were polymorphic accounting for 80.64%. OPA 14 generated only one unique band of 0.68 Kb and OPA 8 generated three unique bands of 0.95,1.03 and 1.56 Kb associated with PG 96006 as national check for drought tolerant genotype.

2 tables, 6 ref

011198   Kuppusamy U R;Chong Y L;Mahmood A A;Indran M; Abdullah N;Vikineswary S (Molecular Medicine Dep, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: umah@um.edu.my) : Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) mushroom extract protects against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(2), 161-5.

Lentinula edodes (Berk) Pegler, commonly known as Shiitake mushroom has been used as medicinal food in Asian countries, especially in China and Japan and is believed to possess strong immunomodulatory property. In the present study, the methanolic extract of the fruit bodies of L. edodes was investigated for cytoprotective effect against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by measuring the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) . H₂O₂ at a concentration of 5 μM caused 50% inhibition of PBMCs viability. The extract improved the PBMC viability and exerted a dose-dependent protection against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity. At 100 μg/ml of extract concentration, the cell viability increased by 60% compared with the PBMCs incubated with H₂O₂ alone. The extract also inhibited XO activity in PBMC, while showing moderate stimulatory effect on GPx. However, in the presence of H₂O₂ alone, both the enzyme activities were increased significantly. The GPx activity increased, possibly in response to the increased availability of H₂O₂ in the cell. When the cells were pretreated with the extract and washed (to remove the extract) prior to the addition of H₂O₂, the GPx and XO activities as well as the cell viability were comparable to those when incubated with the extract alone. Thus, it is suggested that one of the possible mechanisms via which L. edodes methanolic extract confers protection against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in PBMC is by inhibiting the superoxide-producing XO and increasing GPx activity which could rapidly inactivate H₂O₂.

011197   Kumar R;Venkatesh S;Kumar M;Tanwar M;Shasmsi M B;Kumar R;Gupta N P;Sharma R K;Talwar P;Dada R (Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Lab, Anatomy Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110 029, Email: rima_dada@rediffmail.com) : Oxidative stress and sperm mitochondrial DNA mutation in idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermic men. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(2), 172-7.

Physiological function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been known since a long, but recently toxic effects of ROS on spermatozoa have gained much importance in male infertility. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is believed to be both source and target of ROS. mtDNA unlike nuclear DNA is not compactly packed and hence more susceptible to oxidative stress (OS) than nuclear DNA. In the present study, the role of OS in mitochondrial genome changes was studied in men with idiopathic infertility. The study included 33 infertile oligo-asthenozoospermic (OA) men and 30 fertile controls. Semen analyses were performed and OS was measured by estimating the level of malondialdehye (MDA) in the seminal plasma and ROS in the sperm. Sperm mtDNA was sequenced by standard PCR-DNA sequencing protocol for ATPase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ND) groups of genes. Sperm count and progressive motility were found to be significantly lower in infertile group than the fertile controls. Semen MDA and ROS levels of infertile group were significantly higher (p<0.0001), when compared to the control group. However, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were significantly lower in infertile group, compared to controls, but no significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed between control and cases. This might be due to higher expression of SOD alone in order to overcome OS in the semen. mtDNA analysis showed significant and high frequency of nucleotide changes in the ATPase (6 and 8), ND (2, 3, 4 and 5) genes of infertile cases compared to the controls. Hence excess ROS and low antioxidant levels in the semen might cause mtDNA mutations and vice versa in OA men that might impair the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Thus, it is important to understand the etiology of mitochondrial genome mutations in idiopathic OA cases for better diagnostic and prognostic value in infertility treatment/assisted reproductive technique.

011196   Kumar B;Malaviya D R;Roy A K;Kaushal P (NO, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi-284 003) : Isozyme variability in Trifolium alexandrinum accessions. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 195-200.

The present investigation was carried out on 65 accessions of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) to estimate the genetic variability based on five enzymes - peroxidase, acid phosphatase, esterase, super oxide dismutase and glutamate oxalo acetate transaminase using starch gel electrophoresis. A similarity matrix showed 95-100% similarity among 64 accessions. Accession EC 329299 belonging to 'Saidi' ecotype showed 79% similarity with other accessions. The accessions grouped in three major clusters based on the cutting points in the dendrogram at root level. However, phenetic line drawn at 98% identified 25 groups comprising of 1 to 10 accessions. Of these, 13 groups with more than one germplasm lines showed 100% similarity. Morphologically distinct accessions (i.e. multifoliates and red flowered) formed one cluster. Monomorphic bands (13 out of 26) were in high number. Exotic accessions also showed close similarity to many indigenous accessions which indicated less genetic variability among the germplasm lines introduced from other countries. Polymorphism was recorded for 13 bands (2 for SOD, 3 for GOT, 1 for ACP and 7 for Peroxidase).

1 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

011195   Kaushik A (Social Work Dep, University of Delhi, Delhi) : Factors influencing sense of security among elderly women. Indian J Gerontol 2008, 22(2), 175-95.

The paper is an attempt to look into the sense of security among 350 urban aged women. A structured interview schedule was developed covering such dimensions as personal information, social economic condition, sense of security, type of family, decesion making. The findings of the study reflected that socio-demographic variables like religion, caste, marital status, educational level and occupational status do not significantly influence sense of security among aged women. It was found that aged women cared for and respected by their family members, possess sense of security. It is suggested here that efforts should be made to enhance mutual caring and sharing between the aged and their significant others for ensuring their sense of security as well being.

4 tables, 24 ref

011194   Karthikeyan D R;Manivasagam T;Subramanian P; Somasundaram S T;Anantharaman P;Balasubramanian T (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Antioxidant activity of brown alga Padina boergesenii against carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis in rats. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 157-63.

The hepatoprotective effects of brown alga Padina boergesenii extract on the carbon tetrachloride (GC1₄) induced liver damage as well as the possible mechanisms involved in these protections were investigated. Pretreatment with extract prior to the administration of CC1₄ significantly prevented the increase in the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (ALT,AST & ALP) and lipid peroxidation TEARS level in the liver. Treatment of rats with extract suggests that the extract possesses protective action against hepatic dysfunctions induced by the potent toxin CC1₄. It can be concluded that the hepatic and plasma cells possess definite antioxidant activities either through stabilization of cellular membrane or antiperoxidase activity. It must be noted, however, that the possible mechanisms of protection are speculative at this stage and more investigations are needed to identify the active components of the seaweed and elucidate their modes of hepatoprotective action.

2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

011193   Kalaivani M;Kennadi P (Zoology Dep, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Role of plerotus and phosphobacterai in composting the municipal of Jayankondam, Tamilnadu. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 207-9.

The municipal waste was decomposed with the help of Plerotus and Phosphobacteria. The composting process was completed in 60 days. The waste materials undergo intensive decomposition under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions in the open place with adequate moisture and finally yield a brown to dark colour to the humified material, which is more stable in form, valuable for replenishment of plant nutrients. In the final compost the N, P, K content was analyzed. Composting maintains the soil organic matter and improve the soil condition.

1 table, 7 ref

011192   Jyoti Kumari;Gadag R N;Jha G K (Genetics Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: jj_gene@rediffmail.com) : Genetic distance based on simple sequence repeats and its relationship to specific combining ability and heterosis in maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 124-31.

Genetic relationship among ten maize inbred lines derived from four different source populations was assessed using forty microsatellite markers. Correlations were estimated between Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers based genetic distance with F₁ hybrid performance, midparent heterosis and combining ability for grain yield, days to silking and plant height. The genetic distances based on SSRs were almost congruent with pedigree information and depicted positive linear relationship with F₁ hybrid performance, heterosis value and specific combining ability for grain yield. From the present results it is concluded that the Jaccard similarity coefficient based on SSR data might be used for determining genetic relationship among inbred lines. Although positive relation was revealed between genetic distance and midparent heterosis in this analysis but due to its low magnitude it couldn't be used to precisely predict the F₁ hybrid yield performance.

2 illus, 5 tables, 27 ref

011191   Jothibai Margret R;Kumaresan S;Indra Jasmine G (Chemistry Dep, Pope's College, Sawyerpuram-628 251) : Antimicrobial activities of some macro algae from the coast of Tuticorin, Tamilnadu. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 149-56.

Some commonly occurring marine algae Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Ulva lactuca (green algae), Padina tetrastromatica and Stoechospermum marginatum (brown algae) and Acanthophora spicifera (red alga) have been collected from the coast of Tuticorin, Tamilnadu and were evaluated for antifungal and antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method. Four different solvents namely petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and methanol were used for extraction. By using some commercial medicine as control, the zones of inhibition were compared. Petroleum ether extract of all these algae showed best result for antifungal activity. Some extracts are found to be more effective than the commercial medicine. All the extracts studied were inactive against the gram positive bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. All the four extracts of Acanthophora spicifera showed antibacterial activity. The methanol extract was active except in Caulerpa scalpelliformis.

6 illus, 7 tables, 8 ref

011190   Jena S;Chainy G B N (Biotechnology Dep, Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Email: chainyg@sify.com) : Effect of methylene blue on oxidative stress and antioxidant defence parameters of rat hepatic and renal tissues. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 293-6.

Objective of the study was to investigate the effect of administration of 1 mM methylene blue (MB) in drinking water for 30 days on hepatic and renal antioxidant status in female adult Wistar strain rats (n=5). MB failed to induce significant change in any of the measured antioxidant defence parameters namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH). However, a marginally significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPx) was recorded in liver, while a reduction (P<0.05) in its level in the kidney was noticed. Serum alanine amino transferase (AlaAT) and creatinine levels significantly (P<0.001) decreased in MB treated rats without any change in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Findings suggest that the effect of MB as administered in the present study was tissue specific with regard to the level of LPx, however, in general, it does not impair liver and kidney functions as evidenced by serum parameters.

1 table, 24 ref

011189   Jebasingh S E J;Raja P;Murugan A (NO, Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, 44-Beach Road, Tuticorin-628 001) : Antibacterial activity of the seaweed Gracilaria edulis associated epiphytic bacteria against human bacterial pathogens. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 183-9.

Bacteria associated with marine sources are rich in bioactive metabolites. Epiphytic bacterial strains associated with the seaweed Gracilaria edulis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales, Gralilariaceae) distributed along Tuticorin coast, were studied for antibacterial activity against 10 human pathogenic bacteria. The epiphytic strains which showed activity against nine pathogens were further cultured and extracted separately with solvents hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol. Wide spectrum activity with an inhibition zone range of 2 to 4 mm was observed in ethyl acetate extract. The bioassay guided fractionation using Column chromatography indicated the non-polar nature of the active substance.

3 tables, 21 ref

011188   Jebasingh S E J;Murugan A (NO, Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, 44-Beach Road, Tuticorin-628 001) : Antagonistic activity of epibiotic bacteria associated with the mangrove Avicennia marine against human bacterial pathogens. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 165-70.

Epibacteria from the root of the mangrove Avicennia marina distributed along Tuticorin coast were isolated and screened against human bacterial pathogens. The average number of culturable epibacteria on the surface of A. marina root was 92 X 10² CFU/cm². The preliminary cross streaking antibacterial screening indicated activity in three epibacterial strains associated with A. marina. The subsequent culture and screening of supernatants of the epibacterial isolate A2 showed inhibitory activity against nine pathogenic bacteria. Higher zone of inhibition of 10 mm and above was noticed against five bacterial pathogens.

2 tables, 26 ref

011187   Jain D;Mishra R;Kumar A;Jaiswal G (NO, , 128/77 'E' Block, Kidwai Nagar, Kanpur, Email: drdeepti.jain@rediffmail.com) : Levels of malondialdehyde and antioxidants in the blood of patients with vitiligo of age group 11-20 years. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 297-301.

Aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo has not been fully understood. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of vitiligo, we examined the blood level of antioxidants and malondialdehyde in 40 patients with generalized vitiligo and 40 healthy volunteers belonging to same age group. Our results revealed that the level of malondialdehyde was significantly raised while those of vitamin E, uric acid and ceruloplasmin were significantly lowered (P<0.05) in patients with generalized vitiligo as compared to controls. This demonstrates the presence of an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system in the blood of vitiligo patients and thus provides support for a free radical mediated damage as a pathogenic event in vitiligo.

1 table, 27 ref

011186   Hossain F;Prasanna B M;Kumar R;Singh B B (Genetics Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: bmprasanna@gmail.com) : Genetic analysis of kernel modification in quality protein maize (QPM) genotypes. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(1), 1-9.

Study was undertaken to analyze in detail different attributes of kernel modification (endosperm modification, crown opaqueness and ear appearance) in QPM inbred lines and a set of experimental crosses (7 x 7 full diallel). Significant differences among the QPM genotypes for kernel modification were observed in the diallel set, indicating segregation of several kernel modifier genes. Correlation analysis revealed significant and positive associations among endosperm modification, crown modification as well as ear appearance under open-pollination. Analysis of ears obtained from different pollination modes (open vs. controlled-pollination) indicated significant interaction of the genotypes with the pollination mode, suggesting the importance of the source of pollen and its genetic constitution in conferring the kernel texture. The diallel analysis also indicated almost equal contribution of additive and non-additive effects for endosperm modification; however, there was predominance of non-additive gene effects on crown modification and ear appearance. Reciprocal cross differences for kernel modification in the diallel set were also observed, suggesting the possible dosage effects of the endosperm modifiers. Overall, for analysis of combining ability and for estimation of genetic variance components in relation to kernel modification in the QPM genotypes, experiments employing controlled-pollination mode could be more reliable than those using the open-pollination mode.

1 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

011185   Hossain F;Prasanna B M;Kumar R;Singh B B (Genetics Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: bmprasanna@gmail.com) : Effect of genotype x pollination mode interaction on kernel modification in quality protein maize (QPM) genotypes. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 132-8.

Kernel vitreousness or texture is one of the most important prerequisites for successful adoption of the Quality Protein Maize (QPM) genotypes by the farmers. The present study was carried out to analyze in detail the effects of pollination mode (controlled- versus open-pollination) on different kernel attributes (endosperm modification, crown modification and ear appearance) in a set of QPM inbred lines and their experimental crosses. QPM genotypes were found to differ significantly with respect to kernel modification, indicating genetic heterogeneity for endosperm modifier genes. Analysis of ears obtained from different pollination modes indicated significant interaction of the genotypes with the pollination mode, suggesting the importance of the source of pollen and its genetic constitution in conferring the kernel texture. The study also demonstrates that the data derived using controlled-pollination could be more reliable than those using the open-pollination mode for analyzing the effects of complementation of endosperm modifier genes in QPM cross combinations. Ascertaining the kernel modification potential of the QPM genotypes would aid in proper selection of genotypes during QPM breeding.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

011184   Gupta R;Johri S;Saxena A M (Zoology Dep, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007) : Effect of ethanolic extract of Feronia elephantum Correa fruits on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nat Prod Radiance 2009, 8(1), 32-6.

Feronia elephantum Correa (Family 3/4 Rutaceae) commonly known as Wood apple has been widely used in Indian folk medicine for treatment of blood impurities, leucorrhoea, and as diuretic and liver tonic. It has not been studied experimentally for its blood glucose lowering potential earlier hence present study was conducted. Oral administration of 250mg/kg body weight of 95% ethanolic extract of unripe fruits significantly lowered the blood glucose levels of fasted, fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rats. It also depressed the peak value in glucose loaded model. Further, study on histology of pancreatic β-cells granularity of normal rats was also done. Marked degranulation in β-cells of extract treated rats, associated with the blood glucose lowering was observed. Extract probably lowered the blood glucose concentrations by stimulating insulin secretogogue activity.

011183   Gupta P;Ashish Kumar;Biswas;Thakuria B (Microbiology Dep, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, (HIMS), Dehradun-248 140) : Biofilms: Perspectives and implications. Indian med Gaz 2008, 142(9), 354-8.

Commonly encountered as a layer on slime clogging drainpipes, biofilms appear in our everyday life in more than one form. Bacteria suspended in water or aqueous cultures are "Planktonic" and most studies in microbiology have been conducted using such suspensions. Biofilm formation usually commences with the colonization of a surface by bacteria. The adhesion and attraction of the bacteria to the surface may be brought about by different mechanisms including surface charge, gravity, Brownian motion and chemo attraction, provided the surface has nutrients. Factors influencing bacterial attachment to surfaces are nutrient availability at the surface, Nutrient concentration, pH available temperature etc. Common examples can be water pipelines (hot or cold), water filter systems used in dialysis units or elsewhere, dental units, storage tanks or vessels, section apparatuses, artificial ventilator pipes, gas tubes and the like. Such processes are seen to occur in most of the flowing systems where the ambient physical conditions favour growth of microorganisms. Such sessile biofilm organisms are very difficult to eradicate and biocidal substances, which kill biofilm organisms, are used at 50-600 times the planktonic minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC). It can be summarized that if effective control measures are warranted to control the growth of biofilms it can result in an enormous saving of finances, drugs, manpower and ultimately life itself.

16 ref

011182   Dvivedi J;Harminder Kaur;Dvivedi S (NO, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Jolly Grant, Dehradun-248 140) : Effect of 1 week '61-points relaxation training' on cold pressor test induced stress in premenstrual syndrome. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 262-6.

The study was conducted on 50 clinically healthy women volunteers who were in their reproductive age group and in their premenstrual period. Thirty women having premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were compared with 20 control women to evaluate 1 week training of 61- points relaxation (61-PR) yogic exercise. In both the groups cold pressor test (CPT) was performed; and systolic blood pressure (SBP; mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; mmHg) and heart rate (HR/min) were measured. Basal SBP, DBP and HR of women with PMS was significantly higher than the control subjects with P value 1.2E-05, 0.000583 and 0.005707 respectively, suggesting the presence of stress in women with PMS. Immediately after CPT, the said parameters were statistically significantly more raised in PMS group than control group (P = 6.14E-05, 2.78E-06, 0.003799) respectively. Following 1 week of 61-PR training, the control group showed a significant decline in SBP, DBP & HR (P = 0.00769384, 0.00852894, 0.62316217) respectively. However, the PMS group showed a statistically highly significant reduction in SBP, DBP & HR (P = 2.55E-07, 4.35E-07 and 6.4904E-06) respectively immediately after CPT. These results suggest a reduction in sympathetic activity by 61-PR training and it can be used as an effective relaxation tool during premenstrual stress.

1 table, 20 ref

011181   Deshpande S B;Pandey R;Tiwari A K (Physiology Dep, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: desh48@yahoo.com) : Pathophysiological approach to the management of scorpion envenomation. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 311-14.

Indian red scorpion (Masobuthiis tamulun: MBT) produces lethal stings and is a matter of concern in certain parts of India. MBT envenomation produces multi-systemic involvement, thus presents difficulty in the management. Symptomatic treatment has been practiced earlier that failed to relieve the toxic effects of the venom. Therefore, present manuscript deals with pathophysiologically based approach in the management of toxicity considering the merits and the demerits of treatment protocols so as to evolve a consensus in the treatment strategies of scorpion envenomation.

27 ref

011180   Datta D;Bhardwaj S C;Prashar M (NO, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi-221 305) : Development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines with specific rust resistance genes and their authentication through molecular markers. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 113-23.

High yielding cultivars of wheat viz. PBW343, UP2338 and WH542 were used to incorporate multiple rust resistance genes against leaf, stem and stripe rusts from winter wheat or agronomically inferior wheat lines carrying known rust resistance genes. Genetic stocks were evaluated for seedling resistance as well as field resistance with prevalent and virulent pathotypes of Puccinia triticina, Puccinia graminis tritici and Puccinia striiformis. With the help of classical tools resistance genes were fixed in the early generation. Incorporation of resistance gene in the genetic stock viz. Vr5, YrW, Yr15, YrSP, Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr32, Lr39, Lr28, Lr42, Lr45 was confirmed through allelism tests and presence of leaf rust resistance genes viz.Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr26 were also authenticated through molecular markers. Rust resistance and utility of genetic stocks are discussed.

3 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref

011179   Dasgupta S;Nath R K;Biswas S;Mitra A;Panda A K (Chemistry Dep, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura-799 130, Email: akpanda1@yahoo.com) : Interactions of bacterial polysaccharides with cationic dyes: physicochemical studies. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(2), 192-7.

Capsular polysaccharides (SPS) are an integral component of gram-negative bacteria, and also have potential use as vaccine. Interactions of SPS isolated from Klebsiella strains K20 and K51 with cationic dyes pinacyanol chloride (PCYN) and acridine orange (AO) were studied by absorbance and fluorescence measurements. Both the polysaccharides having glucuronic acid as the potential anionic site induced strong metachromasy (blue shift ~100 nm) in the PCYN. The spectral changes were studied at different polymer/dye molar ratios (P/D = 0-40). A complete reversal of metachromasy was observed upon addition of co-solvents, suggesting the breakaway of dye molecules from the biopolymer matrix. Binding constant, changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the dye polymer complex were also computed from the spectral data at different temperatures to reveal the nature of the interaction. Quenching of fluorescence of AO by the polymers and the incorporated mechanisms were also explored.

011178   Das I;Satsangi A (D.E.I. Dayalbagh, , Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Social support as a function of life satisfaction. Indian J Gerontol 2008, 22(2), 233-6.

The study aims at exploring the relationship between social support and life satisfaction among elderly people. Generally older people are seen as loosing interest in social interaction but simultaneously social support provides a buffer against stress in their lives, including the age related stress of retirement and bereavement. The sample consists of randomly selected 100 elderly above the age of 60 years. A scale of measuring social support by Sarason. Levin, Basham and Sarason (1983) and for measuring the life satisfaction, P. GI Well-being scale by Moudgil, Verma, Kaur & Pal (1986) was used. Result indicates that there is significant positive correlation between social support and life satisfaction among elderly. It shows that elderly people who have more social support are more satisfied with their lives in comparison to those elderly who have less social support. It suggests that people who can identify several close friends or family members with whom they can share their concerns freely, experience higher levels of wellbeing.

8 ref

011177   Cyril W;Shibu Joseph S T;Sharma B S (Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam-691 001) : Nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton abundance in the marine environment of kollam (quilon), south west coast of India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 93-104.

Phytoplankton abundance was determined and nutrients measured in the Kollam Coast, Southwest Coast of India, at the sites Chavara, Neendakara, Tangasseri and Paravur. Marine water sampling was performed on a monthly basis during the period June 2003 to May 2004. The average concentrations of PO₄ -P, NO₃ -N and [Si (OH)₄]- Si in surface sea water varied in the range 1.07 μM to 1.66 μM, 3.49 μM to 4.79 μM and 3.18 to 5.06 μM respectively. In the bottom water, the values of PO₄ -P, NO₃ -N and [Si (OH)₄]- Si varied in the range 1.10 to 1.73 μM, 4.08 to 4.84 μM and 2.13 to 4.40 μM. Off the upwelling coast of Kollam, abundance of phytopiankton was noted, compared to other coastal water of India. Surface water phytopiankton density reached the highest level (114.80 x 10 numbers I^-1) during monsoon. During post-monsoon and pre-monsoon the phytopiankton counts were 100.44 x 10² and 29.76 x 10² respectively. Diatoms dominated during all seasons. The peak period of phytopiankton abundance coincided with low nutrient concentrations. Along with hydrographic and hydro chemical factors anthropogenic factors contribute to the phytopiankton growth in the area.

13 illus, 23 ref

011176   Chimote V P;Rajkumar;Sharma N;Kamal S (Crop Improvement Div, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171 001) : Nuclear-cytoplasmic diversity in parental genotypes used for Indian early bulking potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) breeding programme. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 171-6.

Forty parental lines used for development of early bulking potato varieties were analyzed for genetic divergence using twenty RAPD primers and cytoplasmic base by using six PCR-based markers comprising of two chloroplast DNA deletions based (HI and H3), one plastid SSR (NTCP9) and three mitochondrial SCAR markers. In RAPD divergence studies there were three clear clusters, those with andigena pedigree and JF series in pedigree formed two separate clusters from rest of genotypes. AGB69.1 was the most distinct parent followed by the parent-progeny combination (MS/82-638 and MS/92-3128). On plastome/chondriome analysis three andigena type cytoplasm possessing parents (Phulwa, AGB69-1 and A98-175) and four wild type cytoplasm possessing parents (i.e. AG14(X37)H, J99-2, A98-165 and PS/M75) were distinct from the rest i.e. tuberosum type cytoplasm genotypes. The diverse andigena type cytoplasm genotypes can be preferred as parents to broaden the genetic base in early bulking varieties, while those wild type cytoplasm genotypes may contribute to introgression of useful traits like higher dry matter and late blight resistance. The results of present study showed that divergent parents from both paternal and maternal pedigree are being used in Indian breeding programme for early bulking varieties. Divergent parents identified in present study may be useful in planning hybridization programme aimed at effective utilization of heterosis.

4 tables, 18 ref

011175   Chauhan P S;Singh S S (Tree Biology Laboratory, HNB Garhwal Univ Campus-Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal-249 199) : Radiosensitivity of populus deltoides middle aged clones (12 months) to gamma rays and its synergistic effects with stik. Indian J For 2008, 31(3), 361-8.

The middle aged stem cuttings of Populus deltoides (chromosomes No. 38) were irradiated with different continuous and fractionated doses of gamma rays (500r, 01, 02, 04 krd.) during the month of September to observe sensitivity of sprouting and shoot growth behavior. Some irradiated cuttings were also treated with Stik 500 ppm to observe its antagonistic and protagonistic effects on regeneration of cuttings. Maximum sprouting percentage was recorded under the 1KR-C (83.3%) followed by 4KR-F (54.5%) while control sprouted only (43.7%). Continuous doses proved to be most promising for mutation breeding, having abnormal size of leaf, increased number of leaves and enhanced length of the lateral branch. Maximum length of lateral branch was recorded under the treatment of 500 R-F (4.5 cm ± 0.15). Stik 500 ppm, showing protagonistic effects at all the lower continuous and fractionated does while higher C&F doses indicating antagonistic effects on different parameters i.e. sprouting percentage, length of the lateral branch, number of leaves per cutting and size of the leaves. The mortality percentage of sprouted buds was recorded and it was maximum 85.8% in 4 KRC treatment.

2 tables, 4 illus, 16 ref

011174   Chalam V C;Parakh D B;Khetarpal R K;Maurya A K;Jain A;Shamsheer Singh (Plant Quarantine Div, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012, Email: mailcelia@gmail.com) : Interception of seed-transmitted viruses in cowpea and mungbean germplasm imported during 2003. Indian J Virol 2008, 19(1), 12-16.

The quarantine processing of 117 germplasm accessions comprising 48 of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) from Eritrea (2), IITA, Nigeria (44) and USA (2) and 69 of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] from China (20), AVRDC, Taiwan (35) and USA (14) revealed the presence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) in cowpea from IITA, Nigeria; Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in cowpea from Eritrea and IITA, Nigeria; CABMV in mungbean from AVRDC, Taiwan and CMV in mungbean from China. Virological testing methods employed include visual inspection, growing-on test, electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Harvest from only virus-free plants was released to the indenters which eliminated the risk of introduction of exotic seed-transmitted viruses or its strains.

1 table, 20 ref

011173   Chakraborty A;Jha B C;Bhakat R K (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120) : Diversity and impact of macrophytes in bandardaha beel, Murshidabade, West Bengal. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 331-5.

Extensive survey of macrophytes was conducted in a floodplain wetland (Bhandardaha beel) of West Bengal to understand the status of species diversity, pattern of distribution and their impact on ecological processes, including the fishery. Increase in emergent and marginal macrophytes has been the hallmark in this wetland, indicating decrease in depth profile. Greater colonization of macrophytes has also affected the fish grazing chain like plankton, benthos and other communities, which in turn has affected the fishery thereby livelihood support to traditional fishers, adversely.

3 tables, 17 ref

011172   Chakraborty A;Jha B C;Bhakat R K (NO, Central Island Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120) : Ecology and biodiversity of beloon beel, Murshidabad, West Bangal with special emphasis on macrophytes. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 79-84.

Ecology and Biodiversity study of a degraded flood plain wetland (Belloon beel) was conducted over the period 2006-07. It indicated dense proliferation of macrophytes comprising of 34 species. The phytopiankton diversity showed the dominance of diatoms, followed by green-algae, blue-greens, euglenoids and dinophyceae. The lake found supporting 24 species of zooplankton and 17 species of macrobenthic invertebrates. 41 species of fish fauna, mostly smaller varieties, were also recorded from the beel. The abundance and diversity of macrophytes indicated a stressed ecosystem, which needs restoration measures to revive the utility functions.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

011171   Biswas K K (Unit of Plant Virology, Plant Pathology Div, New Delhi-110 012) : Molecular diagnosis of Citrus tristeza virus in mandarin (Citrus reticulata) orchards of Darjeeling hills of West Bengal. Indian J Virol 2008, 19(1), 26-31.

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and its vector, brown citrus aphid (BrCA) Toxoptera citricidus are widely distributed in the mandarin (Citrus reticulata) orchards of Darjeeling hills of India. The BrCA incidence upto 32.5% and severity upto 27.2% were recorded. Under field conditions, diagnosis of CTV in Darjeeling mandarin trees is rendered very difficult as no visible symptoms develop. About 16% to 90% of mandarin samples collected from 15 areas were found to be infected by CTV using ELISA with polyclonal antisera to CTV. The mandarin trees of all ages from 10 to 25 yrs at varying altitudes from 500 to 1540 m were found to be similarly infected by CTV. Infections of CTV in kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia), sweet orange (C. sinensis) and pumello (C. grandis) in this region were also detected. The citrus species, Rangpur lime (C. limonia), rough lemon (C. jambhiri), trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and hybrid trifoliate (Citrange) were found to be free from CTV. Kagzi lime indicator plants when graft inoculated with test samples develop mild to severe vein clearing and vein flecking symptoms characteristic to CTV infection. Electron microscopy (EM) showed long flexuous particles of CTV from inoculated symptomatic kagzi lime plant. The DAC-ELISA and RT-PCR effectively detected CTV in infected trees; the details of which are presented.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

011170   Binah L;Or-chen K (The Day Care Center for the Eldrly, , Kiryat-Tivon, Israel) : Old age is not a sickness. Indian J Gerontol 2008, 22(2), 237-55.

Old age in Western society is defined as a social problem, and even defined' as illness, or as an undesirable condition that through personal efforts can be deferred. People should be educated throughout their life to accept aging and to view it as part of the life cycle. Old age has a positive aspect which can be learned about from the literature. The elderly should view themselves in a positive light, and must feel vital, and that they contribute to their community, and society will also see them as such.

16 ref

011169   Bhosale B;Rohini Devi (NO, Shrimati Ratnaprabhadevi Mohite Patil College of Home Science for Wome, Akluj Dist. Solapur, Maharasthtra) : Health status of institutionalized elderly. Indian J Gerontol 2008, 22(2), 227-32.

Elderly are recognised as distinct group all over the world. Health status of 500 institutionalized elderly was assessed. Data was collected by interviewing the subjects using an interview schedule. Results suggest that majority of selected elderly were suffering from health problems such as impairment in vision (61.6%), arthritis (47.0%), loss of memory (46.4%), insomnia (42.6%), headache (39.4%) and impairment in hearing (38.4%). Comparison of health problems between men and women indicates a significantly high prevalence of health problems in elderly women as compared to men. Prevalence of health problems such as constipation, insomnia, nocturia, arthritis, impairment in hearing and impairment in vision increased with advancement of age.

3 tables, 6 ref

011168   Bhattacharya V;Khan A M (Scial Sciences Dep, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi) : Mental health needs of elderly living in old age homes in Delhi. Indian J Gerontol 2008, 22(2), 213-26.

In view of the rapid changes in the family, structurally and functionally, need for institutional care 'is becoming more prominent in the big cities, particularly in cosmopolitan cities, which are relatively more urbanized and greatly affected with the consumerstic culture and varied market forces. With variety of reasons the elderly are forced to live in Old Age Homes. NRI children, only daughters, unmarried, adjustment problems in the family, destitute are a few examples from the long list of the reasons of the elderly spending their lives in Old Age Homes. The spell of ongoing transition in the Institution of family is being experienced in every section of Indian society. Most visible impact of such inevitable transition due to globalization, industrialization and modernization has come in the life of older persons. The problem of isolation, alienation and loneliness leading to depression amongst the older people living in Old Age Homes is becoming more perceptible (Khan & Bhattacharya, 2005). They need special care and attention in terms of guidance and counselling. The present papers is reflecting on the Mental Health needs of these elderly living in Old Age Homes and to what extent Homes are able to full fill those needs.

1 illus, 7 tables, 2 ref

011167   Betanabhatla K S;Christina A J M;Syama Sundar B;Selvakumar S;Sundara Saravanan K (Pharmacology Div, KM College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi, Melur Road) : Antilithiatic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on ethylene glycol-induced lithiasis in rats. Nat Prod Radiance 2009, 8(1), 43-7.

The ethanolic extract of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (EEHS) was evaluated for its antilithiatic activity in rats. Lithiasis was induced by oral administration of ethylene glycolated water (0.75 %) in adult male albino Wistar rats for 28 days. The ionic chemistry of urine was altered by ethylene glycol (EG), which elevated the urinary concentration of crucial ions, viz. calcium, phosphate, uric acid and oxalate thereby contributing to renal stone formation. The EEHS, however, significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the elevated level of these ions in urine. Also, it elevated concentration of urinary magnesium, which is considered as one of the inhibitors of crystallization. All these observations revealed that EEHS has curative effect on stone formation induced by ethylene glycol.

011166   Arul Senthil K;Rajesh R P;Murugan A (NO, Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, 44-Beach Road, Tuticorin-628 001) : Antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of the seaweed Padina boergesenii. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 177-82.

The methanol, diethyl ether, acetone and dichloromethane extracts of Padina boergesenii showed antibacterial activity against human bacterial pathogens at 250 μg per disc concentration. Diethyl ether (3 mm to 6 mm) and dichloromethane (2 mm to 4 mm) extracts showed activity against all pathogens. The methanol extract showed inhibition of eight pathogenic bacteria. The ethyl acetate phase of the partitioned extract showed wide spectrum activity with inhibition zone range of 3 to 6 mm. Column fractionation indicated wide spectrum activity in the Hexane 75%: Ethyl acetate 25% and 100% Ethyl acetate fractions indicating the non-polar nature of the active ingredient.

3 tables, 18 ref

011165   Anuranjini C;Geethu S;Dhanashree B (Microbiology Dep, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore-575 001, Email: dbiranthabail@yahoo.co.in) : Bacteriological analysis of ice creams from Mangalore, South India. Indian J med Res 2008, 127(1), 91-2.

1 table, 7 ref

011164   Anju T R;Babu A;Paulose C S (Molecular Neurobiology and Cell Biology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience,, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682 022, Email: cspaulose@cusat.ac.in) : Superoxide dismutase functional regulation in neonatal hypoxia: Effect of glucose, oxygen and epinephrine. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(2), 166-71.

Hypoxia is one of the major causes of damage to the fetal and neonatal brain and cardiac functions. In earlier studies, we have reported the brain damage caused by hypoxia and resuscitation with oxygen and epinephrine and have found that glucose treatment to hypoxic rats and hypoxic rats treated with oxygen shows a reversal of brain damage. The neonatal rats are shown to be deficient in free radical scavenging system, which offers a high risk of oxidative stress. In the present study, we induced hypoxia in neonatal Wistar rats and resuscitated with glucose, oxygen and epinephrine. Heart tissue and cerebral cortex were used to study the kinetics of superoxide dismutase activity in experimental groups of rats to assess the free radical status. Results showed that glucose supplementation in hypoxia (Hx + G) and hypoxic + oxygen (Hx + O) had an efficient free radical scavenging capability, compared to all other experimental groups. The observation was ascertained by studying the activity of catalase, another antioxidant enzyme in the body. Our results suggested that in neonatal rats during hypoxic condition, damage to heart and brain was more prominent in all groups, except when supplemented with glucose. These findings may have clinical significance in the proper management of heart and brain function.