012130   Manjunatha P M;Prabhakara M C;Lakshmipathi V (NO, Acharya and B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560 090, Email: mudagal@yahoo.co.in) : Biochemical estimation of parotoid secretions from (Bufo melanostictus). Biomed 2007, 2(2), 193-201.

Bio-chemical estimation of parotoid secretion from Bufo melanostictus (Toad) was taken up, as such no reports were documented. Parotoid exudates per se, methanol and acetone extracts were subjected for quantification and separation. Separation was done by electrophoresis; protein content was estimated by Lowery et al. The pattern proteins observed in the venomous secretions of Bufo melanostictus (Indian toad) on SDS-gel indicated a distinct pattern of 4 protein zones in venomous secretions and some additional bands with very weak staining on the gel. The pattern of the gland extract is however, poor in its resolution, but exhibits some minor variations with several additional bands appearing in the slow moving zone. Tricine SDS-gel indicated a distinct pattern of 4 protein zones in venomous secretions, one weak zone at 6.5 kDa additionally some bands with very weak staining on the gel. Quantitative estimates on bio chemical components viz. proteins of the parotoid glands exudates per se and its extracted fractions results indicated that the total protein composition constitute about 47% - 50%.

2 illus 1 table, 23 ref

012129   Manjunatha P M;Prabhakar M C;Lakshmikanth V (NO, Acharya and B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-90) : Occurrence of histamine in extracts of the parotoid gland of Bufo melanostictus and pharmacological action on extravascular smooth muscle. Biomed 2007, 2(2), 175-83.

Extracts of the skin of some South American amphibians belonging to the genus Lapstadactylus contain remarkable amounts of imidazole alkylamines. Although the biochemical and pharmacological characteristics of many amphibians venoms are reported, but reports on Indian toad (Bufomelanostictus) is scanty. In the work the objective was to study biochemical and pharmacological action from extracts of parotoid exudates of toad. The crude parotoid exudate per se, methanol and acetone soluble and insoluble fractions were prepared. Biochemical estimation was performed by adopting standard procedures. Histamine was present in all fractions and it was observed more in methanol and acetone soluble fractions compared to crude parotoid exudates per se, methanol and acetone insoluble fractions. Further pharmacological actions of all fractions were performed on extra vascular smooth muscle using isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. It was observed that crude parotoid exudates per se, methanol and acetone soluble fractions produced fast contractile response and these responses were antagonized by pheniramine maleate. But methanol and acetone insoluble fractions also produced a fast contraction; eventually accompanied by moderate increase in tone, but sensitivity varied from one dose to another dose (i.e.) Tachyphylaxis was prompt, intense. To assess new source of bioactive compounds, with significant medical interest through systematic screening. Helps in assessing comparative pharmacological and biochemistry of amphibian skin, as they substantially contribute to understand and interpretation of facts assessed in mammals and they may offer the basis for new research trends in higher vertebrates.

7 illus, 17 ref

012128   Makhija D;Mathai A M;Naik R;Suneet Kumar;Rai S;Pai M R;Baliga P (Pathology Dep, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore-575 001, Email: drrdn@hotmail.com) : Morphometric evaluation of endometrial blood vessels. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 346-50.

Five hundred endometrial specimens were studied to document the changes in blood vessels in various phases of menstrual cycle, menstrual disturbances and in unexplained infertility. Sixty-three cases were taken as control and 437 cases as study group which included cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), endometrial polyps, fibroids, adenomyosis, infertility and atrophic endometrium. Using light microscopy, the vascular morphology was studied. The blood vessels were concentrated more in basal layer in the proliferative phase and in functional layer in the secretory phase. Cases of complex hyperplasia and pill endometrium had significantly higher vessel concentration. Congestion and dilatation of blood vessels were significantly higher in cases of DUB. The present study showed a positive correlation between endometrial angiogenesis and menstrual disorders. The alteration in blood vessel morphology has significant role in prognosis and in various anti-angiogenic therapies.

4 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

012127   Krupanidhi A M;Vagdevi H M;Shreedhara C S; Vaidya V P;Muralikrishna K S (NO, Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davangere-577 004, Email: krupa_nidhi@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of antifertility activity of Dodonaea viscosa seeds. Biomed 2007, 2(2), 169-74.

Different extract and fractions A₁, A₂, A₃, and A₄ of the plant Dodonaea viscosa (DV) seeds were prepared and investigated for its anti fertility activity in female albino rats. The ethanolic extract exhibited significant anti fertility activity at a dose of 30mg/kg (p.o). Butanol insoluble fraction of ethanolic extract of seeds of DV was subject to column chromatography and ethyl acetate: methanol fractions of A₁, A₂, A₃ and A₄ separately for anti fertility activity. Significant anti infertility activity was observed for even all fractions (A₁, A₂, A₃ and A₄). The activity was reversible on withdrawal of the treatment of the test samples (extracts and fractions).

3 tables, 7 ref

012126   Kharoubi O;Slimani M;Aoues A;Seddik L (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Lab, University of Es-senia, B.P. 19, Oran, Algeria, Email: omarkharoubi@yahoo.fr) : Prophylactic effects of Wormwood on lipid peroxidation in an animal model of lead intoxication. Indian J Nephrol 2008, 18(2), 51-7.

Ability of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) extract (A.Ab) to restore membrane-bound enzymes like Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca⁺⁺ -ATPase, Mg⁺⁺-ATPase, and oxidative damage induced by lead were investigated. Rats were exposed to lead acetate (750 ppm) for 11-weeks and treated during 4-weeks with A.Ab. Lipid levels, ATPase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and proteins carbonyl were estimated. In liver and kidney, lead acetate inhibited membrane-bound enzymes and increased (P< 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, TBARS, and carbonyl proteins. After 4 weeks, the intoxicated group who received A.Ab showed a significant reduction in TBARS and carbonyl levels in liver and kidney compared to group exposed to lead. A.Ab restored the levels of membrane-bound enzymes and lipid levels to near normal. These results indicate that aqueous Wormwood extract had a significant antioxidant activity and protect liver and kidney from the lead-induced toxicity.

1 illus, 6 tables, 41 ref

012125   Joseph L D;Pushpalatha;Kuruvilla S (Pathology Dep, Sri Ramachandra Univ, Porur, Chennai-600 116, Email: drsarakuruvilla@gmail.com) : Cytomegalovirus infection with lissencephaly. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 402-4.

Lissencephaly is a malformation of the brain in which the brain surface is smooth, rather than convoluted. Among the various causes of lissencephaly, infection by a virus during pregnancy plays an important role. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen causing this anomaly. We present this case of a young female with 24-week-gestation diagnosed on ultrasound as carrying an anomalous fetus with lissencephalic features. At autopsy, there were multiple intra-nuclear CMV inclusions in the brain and the kidneys. This case is presented for its rarity and for the documentation of the tissue localization of CMV inclusions at autopsy.

^ccr2 illus, 9 ref

012124   Jesil Mathew A;Atulya M;Joseph A (NO, Manipal College of Pharaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, Email: jesilmathew@gmail.com) : Antioxidant and anti diabetic activity of Mimosa pudica Linn. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed 2008, 3(2), 155-64.

Aqueous extract of Mimosa pudica was found to inhibit the generation of superoxide, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation by Fe²⁺/ascorbate system as well as Fe³⁺ / ascorbate / ADP system and nitric oxide radical in vitro. Concentrations needed for 50% inhibition of these free radicals were 26.3, 156.2, 106.5, 122.1 and 101.2 μg/ml respectively. Administration of M. pudica 100, 500 mg/kg, b.wt. to normal rats increased glucose tolerance significantly (P<0.001) from 60 min. M. pudica was also found to reduce serum glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats significantly (p<0.005) at a dose level of ISO mg/kg, b.wt. from 2nd hour. Continued administration (15 days) of the extract 75, 150 mg/kg, body weight. produced 41.1% and 48.3% reduction in the elevated serum glucose level produced by streptozotocin administration. The animals treated with M. pudica extract, the decrease in body weight was completely suppressed as compared with diabetic group. Elevated hepatic and renal enzymes produced by streptozotocin were found to be reduced (P<0.001) by M. pudica extract.

4 tables, 24 ref

012123   Jayalakshmi J;Jayaram V S (Microbiology Dep, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: jayanthisuresh_2000@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of various screening tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 379-81.

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of various screening tests in detecting asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women. Clean catch midstream urine specimens were collected from 630 consecutive pregnant women and processed. Forty-four (7.4%) of the urine samples were culture positive, with Escherichia coli as the predominant organism isolated (57.4%). The results of the four screening tests, viz., Gram's staining of uncentrifuged urine, pus cell count, nitrite test and leukocyte esterase (LE) test, were compared against urine culture. Gram's stain of the uncentrifuged urine was found to be the single most useful test with a sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 85.1 % and 98.8%, respectively. Pus cell count was the least sensitive. Neither the nitrite test nor the LE test alone was sensitive enough with 74.4% and 61.7%, respectively. However, when either or both tests positive were considered, it increased the sensitivity and NPV comparable with Gram's staining results, with 82.9% and 98.8%, respectively. With the potential to be used as an office diagnostic procedure, the combined nitrite and LE dipstick test may provide an acceptable alternative.

2 tables, 8 ref

012122   Jaswal R K;Kocher G S;Banga H S;Brar R S (Microbiology Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, GADVASU, Ludhiana) : Application of Bacillus alkaline protease for dehairing of buffalo skin and its histological studies. Indian J vet Pathol 2008, 32(1), 26-9.

Alkaline proteases are eco-friendly enzymes that can be used as an alternate to chemical processes of pretanning operations in tanning industry. The alkaline proteases are known to be produced by a number of bacteria and fungi. However, industry is still in search of efficient protease producing microorganisms. In the study, among the four potential alkaline protease producing bacterial isolates enriched from different sources, RJ25 enriched from corpses was selected on the basis of plate clearing zone method. This isolate was identified as a strain of Bacillus sp. on the basis of different morphological, biochemical and physiological tests. The protease was produced under standard conditions and used for the treatment of buffalo skin pieces (1.5" X 1.5") in crude protease of Bacillus sp. RJ 25 and 10% v/v enzyme incubation for 3 hours was found to be the optimum. The ease of plucking was used for qualitative analysis that revealed easy removal of skin hairs. The results were compared with histological and microscopic analysis of enzyme treated skin.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

012121   Jain D;Singh T (Pathology Dep, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi-110 002, Email: deepalijain76@gmail.com) : Parvovirus-induced dyserythropoeisis in a child. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 418-20.

Most persons with parvovirus B19 infection are asymptomatic or exhibit mild, nonspecific, cold-like symptoms. However, hematologic problems associated with the infection include transient aplastic crisis, chronic red cell aplasia, mild neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. A rare hematologic manifestation is in the form of dyserythropoeisis. Herein, The case of a 9-year-old female with severe dyserythropoeisis associated with parvovirus infection.

^ccr2 illus, 9 ref

012120   Jain A;Mondal R (Post Graduate Microbiology Dep, C.S.M. Medical University, Lucknow-226 003, Email: amita602002@yahoo.com) : Detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. Indian J med Res 2008, 127(4), 344-6.

Reports the screening sensitivity of four representative antimicrobial agents i.e., cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam, commonly used for ESBL detection in Klebsiella spp. A total of 100 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. from the cases of neonatal septicaemia at a tertiary care hospital from north India, were screened for ESBL production by Kirby- Bauer's disc diffusion (cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test by agar dilution methods. Confirmation was done by double disc method. Results showed that 58 of the 100 isolates tested were ESBL positive by confirmatory test and cefpodoxime was more efficient ESBL screening antimicrobial agent than ceftazidime, cefotaxime and aztreonam. Using the standard disk diffusion as screening test for identifying ESBL producers, cefpodoxime was found to be the most efficient antimicrobial agent in screening isolates as potential ESBL producers followed by ceftazidime in Klebsiella spp. isolates.

1 table, 16 ref

012119   Jagadish N R N;Gopalkrishna B (NO, S J M College of Pharmacy, Chitradurga-577 502, Email: jagadishnn@rediffmail.com ) : Evaluation of analgesic activity of different extracts of Stachytarpheta indica L. (Vahl). Biomed 2008, 3(3-4), 229-33.

Stachytarpheta indica is known to possess many medicinal properties such as de-worming, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties but limited studies are available on its analgesic properties. Hence the study was undertaken to determine the analgesic effects of its leaves in Swiss Albino mice. The leaves were dried and extracted with petroleum ether (60 - 80°C), chloroform, ethanol and distilled water in the increasing order of polarity. The analgesic property of these extracts was evaluated on acetic acid induced writhing response in Swiss Albino mice. The results suggested that the extract of the herb significantly reduced the writhing in mice to an extent of 77.6 % compared to untreated control. Results from second model of immensity the tail also confirmed the analgesic effect of the herb. The results confirmed that the strong administered at 200mg/kg body weight possessed significant analgesic effect compared to other extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and water extracts).

2 tables, 6 ref

012118   Harsh Kumar;Gupta P K;Satish Kumar;Sarkar R S (Transfusion Medicine Dep, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411 040, Email: paw_5671@hotmail.com) : Is seroprevalence of anti_IGM CMV among blood donors relevant in India?. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 251-2.

Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is more common in developing nations and the people belonging to the lower socioeconomic section of the society. The immunosuppressed population for whom CMV-seronegative blood products are requested is increasing due to advances in medical care. To study the prevalence of CMV antibodies among the different sexes and age groups in healthy blood donors. A retrospective study was done on 5600 serum samples stored frozen in a repository for CMV antibodies using the ELISA technique. Five thousand three hundred and fifty (95.5%) were male and 250 (4.5%) were female. Four cases (0.071 %) out of 5600 samples were positive for anti-IgM CMV with 95% Confidence Interval (95% C.l) of 0.02 - 0.17. In a developing country like India, screening for IgM antibody on a routine basis may not be feasible, given the likely positive yield to be low and the cost being high. It is recommended that in a tertiary care hospital, blood units to be transfused to neonates, organ transplant recipients, those suffering from malignancies and other immunocompromised patients should be screened for anti-IgM CMV or preventive strategies like universal leucodepletion to be implemented to decrease the transmission of CMV in these groups of patients.

1 table, 10 ref

012117   Gupta K;Joshi A;Jindal S K;Rayat C S (Pathology Dep, PGIMER, Chandigarh-160 012, Email: kirtigupta10@yahoo.co.in) : Spectrum of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with ultrastructural correlation: an autopsy study from northern India. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 329-36.

In the present study, we have evaluated the use of electron microscopy in subtyping pulmonary adenocarcinomas, comparing the ultrastructural findings with the diagnosis rendered by light microscopy. The gross and histologic features of 16 autopsy cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma were analyzed and compared with electron microscopic features. The cytologic phenotypes of these cases of well-differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma were determined by electron microscopic examination. More than 200 cells in each case were examined, and the tumors were classified according to the predominant feature noted. Eight cases were of Clara cell origin and one case each of type II pneumocyte and bronchial surface cell type. The remaining 6 cases lacked definite discernible features of differentiation towards any specific cell type, other than presence of small nuclear clefts in occasional nuclei. Tumors with Clara cell differentiation were low cuboidal with apical snouts. Type II pneumocyte tumor failed to reveal any characteristic definable as light microscopic feature. Ultrastructural examination is the only definite means of identification of various cell types in the respiratory epithelium and hence forms an invaluable tool in classification of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

4 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

012116   Gujral S;Agarwal A;Gota V;Nair R;Gupta S;Pai S K;Sanger M;Shet T;Subramanian P G;Muckaden M;Laskar S (Pathology Dep, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai-400 012, Email: s_gujral@hotmail.com) : Clinicopathologic study of mantle cell lymphoma in a single center study in India. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 315-22.

Clinical features, histopathology and results of treatment in cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) at the hospital have been presented. Author had 93 cases (2.1%) of MCL out of total 4301 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a 4-year period. It included 68 cases (1.7%) of MCL from 3987 cases of NHL diagnosed on histopathology. Remaining 25 cases (7.9%) diagnosed solely on peripheral blood examination were excluded. Thirty-six (85%) patients had advanced-stage disease. Sixty-three were nodal and five were extranodal (all gastrointestinal tract). Common patterns were diffuse (64%), nodular (25%) and mantle zone type (11%). Sixty-two cases had lymphocytic while six had blastic morphology (all nodal). Tumor cells expressed CD20 (100%), CD43 (94%), CD5 (89%) and cyclin D1 (85%). Bone marrow was involved in 25 (59%) cases. Thirty-two patients could be treated. Median recurrence-free survival was 22.23 months. Diffuse pattern of nodal involvement had a lower overall survival.

6 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

012115   Goyal V K;Adak A;Prasad M C (Toxicology Dep, Jai Research Foundation, Post Box No. 30, G.I.D.C, Vapi-396 195) : Incidence of spontaneous non-neoplastic lesions of lymphoid organs in Wistar rats. Indian J vet Pathol 2008, 32(1), 52-5.

Incidence of spontaneously occurring pathological lesions in various lymphoid organs was studied in Wistar rats aged about 19-21 weeks. A total of 596 rats (male-298 and female-298) contributed the morbid material. Lymphoid tissues from all the animals were routinely collected for evaluation of potential pathological lesions. Based on gross and histopathological studies the rate of occurrence was determined. The most common lesions in spleen were congestion/hemorrhage (11.41%), extra medullary hematopoiesis (4.87%), hemosiderosis (5.70%), atrophy (6.88%), lymphoid hyperplasia (7.21%) and fibrosis (0.67%). In thymus, commonly observed lesions included atrophy/lymphoid depletion (10.91%), epithelial cell hyperplasia (4.36%), starry sky appearance (4.19%), congestion/haemorrhage (3.02%), histiocytosis (0.34%), lymphoid hyperplasia (3.69%), cyst (0.34%) and hemosiderin deposition (0.34%). Various lymph nodes revealed lesions like atrophy/lymphoid depletion (3.02%), congestion/haemorrhage (0.34%), hemosiderin deposits (1.85%), fibrosis (2.35%), sinus histiocytosis (6.04%) and lymphoid hyperplasia (11.74%). A variety of other less commonly lesions was also identified in both the sexes of rats.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

012114   Govindwar R B;Perumal P (NO, J.K.K. Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam-638 183, Email: rahulgovindwar@gmail.com) : Phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory evaluation of methanolic extract of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. Biomed 2007, 2(3), 296-9.

Euphorbia heterophylla is medicinal plant used in the treatment of constipation, bronchitis and asthma. In the study the leaves were subject to successive extraction in Soxhet apparatus in methanol. The methanolic extract was subjected to anti-inflammatory activity using experimental animal model, in the presence of positive control drugs. The inflammation was induced by carragenean. Significant differences were not observed in anti-inflammatory activity even at different doses (150 and 300 mg/kg) of the drug.

2 tables, 7 ref

012113   Francis R P;Gangawane L V (Microbiology Dep, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar-414 001) : Effect of micronutrients on malathion degradation by Rhizobium. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(1), 57-9.

1 table, 5 ref

012112   Devi P;Meera R;Badmanaban R;Patel C N (Pharmacognosy Dep, K.M. College of Pharmacy, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Email: badmanab77@yahoo.co.in) : Anti-inflammatory activity of Solena amplexicaulis. Biomed 2007, 2(3), 293-5.

Anti-inflammatory activity of ether extract of Solena amplexicaulis at different dose was studied in Wistar rats by using carrageenan induced paw oedema. The extracts were administered 100 or 200mg/kg body weight per oral and the standard indomethacin at 20 mg/kg body weight per oral. The ether extract and indomethacin exhibited significant (p<0.001) activity compared with carrageenan control.

1 table, 4 ref

012111   Deshmukh V R (Botany Dep, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Camp, Amravati.-444 602) : Nutritive value of some forest plants of Melghat tiger reserve (Maharashtra). Bioinfolet 2009, 6(1), 79-81.

Chemical composition of 20 common forest plants from Melghat tiger reserve was studied. The crude protein content in the foliage ranged from 8.3 to 23.1 %, crude fat from 1.5 to 11.5 %, crude fibre from of 10.5 to 37.0%, while Ash content from 4.0 to 19.8 %. Wide variation in the chemical composition was observed however, some of the plants i.e. Citrulus colocynthus, Clitoria biflora, Flacourtia indica may be recommended as fodder on the basis of their protein and fat content.

1 table, 8 ref

012110   Chimkode R;Patil M B;Jalalpure S;Pasha T Y; Sarkar S (NO, N.R Vekaria Institute of Pharmacy and Research Center, Junagadh, Gujarat, Email: chimrm@rediffmail.com) : Antipyretic activity of Hedyotis corymbosa Linn. in Albino rats. Biomed 2008, 3(3-4), 234-8.

Object of the study was to screen antipyretic activity of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, butanone, butanol extract of Hedyotis corymbosa on yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats. Different extracts of Hedyotis corymbosa obtained by successive soxhlet extraction like ether, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, butanone, n-butanol, were subjected to acute toxicity studies. The extracts were screened for antipyretic activity by yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats. Results from the study suggested that among the various extracts used in the study, only petroleum ether extract did not shown any significant antipyretic activity, whereas other extracts i.e ethyl acetate, butanone, n-butanol, solvent ether showed significant antipyretic activity compared with paracetamol treated group. The study indicates the potential usefulness of Hedyotis corymbosa, Linn. in the treatment of fever.

1 table, 8 ref

012109   Chaudhary U;Bhaskar H;Sharma M (NO, , 74, Vijay Park, Sonepat Road, Rohtak-124 001, Email: madhusharma71@rediffmail.com) : Imipenem-EDTA disk method for rapid identification of metallo-β-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria. Indian J med Res 2008, 127(4), 406-7.

^ssc1 table, 9 ref

012108   Chandrashekhar M S;Satyanarayana S;Kalaskar G P;Rubbani S (NO, College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560 027, Email: shekharsultan@yahoo.co.in) : Drug-drug interaction between fluvastatin and fenofibrate (antihyperlipidemic) with gliclazide (antidiabetic) in rats. Biomed 2008, 3(3-4), 254-9.

Study was conducted to evaluate the safety of gliclazide (antidiabetic) therapy with the presence of fluvastatin and fenofibrate (antihyperlipidemic) in rats. Studies in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats were conducted with oral doses of gliclazide and their combination with fluvastatin and fenofibrate with adequate wash out period in between the treatments. Blood samples were collected in rats from retro orbital puncture at 0,1,2,3,4,6,8, 10 and 12 h. All the blood samples were analysed for glucose by GOD/POD method. Gliclazide (1/2, TD) produced hypoglycaemic activity in normal and diabetic rats with peak activity at 2 h & 8 h. Fluvastatin (TD) + fenofibrate (TD) combination treatment increased the hypoglycaemic effect of gliclazide in normal rats/diabetic rats when administered together. The interaction observed appears to be pharmacodynamic in nature.

2 tables, 16 ref

012107   Chakravarty A K;Yasmin H (Immunology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, North Bengal Univ, Siliguri-734 430, Email: prof_ashim_chakravarty@rediffmail.com) : Free redical scavenging and nitric oxide synthase activation in murine lymphocytes and ehlrich ascitic carcinoma cells treated with ethanolic extract of tumeric. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2008, 78(Pt-1), 37-44.

Ethanolic turmeric extract (ETE) leads to inhibition and scavenging of strong oxidant, such as superoxide (O₂-), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂-) and hydroxyl radical (OH-), both in case of lymphocytes as well as tumor cells. At the same time ethanolic turmeric extract was found to stimulate the lymphocytes to increase nitric oxide (NO) production probably for mounting cytotoxic response towards tumor cells by activating the L- arginine derived nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. Increase in the nitric oxide in tumor cells seems to set apoptosis in the cells which was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy where the tumor cells showed cytoplasmic blebbing and multiple apoptotic body formation upon turmeric treatment. Whereas, the lymphocytes with turmeric treatment seemed to be quite healthy under SEM.

6 illus, 49 ref

012106   Baksi R;Baksi S;Chatterjee S;Batabyal S (Veterinary Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, Khudiram Bose Sarani, Kolkata-700 037, Email: batabyals123@rediffmail.com) : Isolation and immunobiochemical characterization of secretory protein of E. coli isolates of dog. Anim Sci Reptr 2009, 3(2), 43-6.

Escherichia coli are responsible for colisepticaemia in in pups, and gastroenteritis in adult dogs. It is difficult to prevent and control E. coli through vaccination due to substantial strain variations. The immunogenic potentials of secretory proteins can be a potent source for vaccine production against E. coli infection. The study involved protein fingerprinting of four serotypes of Escherichia coli viz. O1, O25, O36 and O44 through SDS-PAGE, which revealed common peptide bands between the 4 serotypes ranging between 38 kDa and 97kDa. The polypeptide bands of secretory protein of E. coli serotypes were found to be immunoreactive at 97, 66 and 58 kDa against hyperimmune serum of crude secretory protein of E. coli O44 in western blot analysis.

1 table, 8 ref

012105   Arumugam M;Karthikeyan S;Ahmed John S (H.H. The, Rajah's College, Pudukkottai, Email: Arumugam_bot@yahoo.com) : Antibacterial activity of Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreem.. Res J biol Sci 2009, 1(3), 157-61.

The ethanolic extract of Indoneesiella ehioides shows a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities. The chemical compounds present in the experimental plant are biologically active and inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria. Five human pathogenic bacteria were selected for the present study. Among them four are gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi) and one is gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Indoneesiella was assayed by using disc diffusion method, agar well diffusion method and dilution method. The experimental results obtained justified the folk use of this species as a cicatrizant and vulnery agent.

4 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

012104   Amarapurkar A D;Kim V V (NO, , D 401, Ameya Society, New Prabhadevi Road, Mumbai-400 025, Email: anjali_1963@hotmail.com) : Angiogenesis in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 323-8.

Angiogenesis has been well documented in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As liver cirrhosis is considered preneoplastic condition, the aim of this study was to evaluate the process of angiogenesis using CD 34 as an endothelial cell marker in normal liver, cirrhosis and HCC. A total of 111 cases were included in this study, which consisted of 30 cases each of normal liver and cirrhosis that were all autopsy cases. Twenty-one cases of HCC included 10 autopsy specimens, nine surgically resected specimens and two liver biopsies. Remaining were 30 cases of metastasis to the liver, which included 20 autopsy specimens, one surgically resected specimen and nine liver biopsies. The patients were between the age range from 17 to 80 years with 70 males and 11 females. Paraffin-embedded liver sections of all these cases were stained routinely by hematoxylin-eosin stain, while immunohistochemistry for CD 34 was performed for expression of endothelial cells. The positivity of CD 34 staining was evaluated by counting in 10 high-power field, grading was done from 0 to 4 and compared between normal liver, cirrhosis and HCC and metastasis. CD 34 was positive in 16/30 (53.3%) cases of cirrhosis, 18/21 (85%) cases of HCC and 26 (86.6%) of metastasis to the liver. None of the normal liver showed any positivity. Grade 3 to 4 positivity was seen in 4/16 (25%) and 13/18 (72%) cases of cirrhosis and HCC, respectively. Amongst these, 10 were moderately differentiated, one well differentiated and rest two were fibrolamellar and sarcomatoid variants of HCC. Over expression of endothelial cell marker CD 34 with gradual progression was found from normal liver to cirrhosis to HCC and metastasis. Understanding of this process of angiogenesis might help in the design of efficient and safe antiangiogenic therapy for these liver disorders.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

012103   Ali S;Shukla I;Malik A;Rizvi M;Ajmal M R (Microbiology Dep, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: drindushukla@hotmail.com) : Prevalence of HCV and HBV infection in liver disorders in the Aligarh region of western Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 460-1.

1 table, 6 ref

012102   Ajantha G S;Kulkarni R D;Jeevan Shetty; Shubhada C;Jain P (Microbiology Dep, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580 009, Email: ajju_dwd@rediffmail.com) : Phenotypic detection of inducible clindamycin resistace among Staphylococcus aureus isolates by using the lower limit of recommended inter-disk distance. Indian J Path Microbiol 2008, 51(3), 376-8.

Clindamycin is one of the important alternative antibiotics in the therapy of Staphylococcus aureus, particularly in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLS_B - inducible Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B resistance) is a critical factor in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. To know the rate of inducible Clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in our hospital by Disk approximation test (D-test) using the average recommended inter-disk distance and comparing the results with that of D-test using the lower limit of recommended inter-disk distance. A total of 51 erythromycin-resistant and clindamycin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were subjected to disk approximation testing with 21 ± 1 mm and 15 mm edge-to-edge distance between the clindamycin and erythromycin disks. Z-test levels. Among 51 erythromycin-resistant and clindamycin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, 25 (49%) were recorded as inducible clindamycin resistant by D-test with 21 ± 1 mm edge-to-edge distance between the Clindamycin and erythromycin disks. When we re-tested all the 51 strains by D-test with 15 mm inter-disk distance, we identified 14% more iMLS_B strains previously reported as D-test negative. Z-test for MRSA indicates that 15 mm edge-to-edge distance has significant advantage. Since the incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance is high (63% in our study), accurate identification of inducible clindamycin resistance is important to prevent therapeutic failure in infections caused by these strains. We suggest the use of D-test with 15 mm edge-to-edge inter-disk distance for detecting iMLS_B.

1 table, 10 ref

011234   Vashist J;Vishvanath;Kapoor R;Kapil A; Yennamalli R;Subbarao N;Rajeswari M R (Biochemistry Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, Email: mrraji@hotmail.com ) : Interaction of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin with wild type and mutated quinolone-resistance-determining region of DNA gyrase A. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(2), 147-53.

The quinolones exert their anti-bacterial activity by binding to DNA gyrase A (GyrA), an essential enzyme in maintenance of DNA topology within bacterial cell. The mutations conferring resistance to quinolones arise within the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of GyrA. Therefore, quinolones interaction with wild and mutated GyrA can provide the molecular explanation for resistance. Resistant strains of Salmonella enterica of our hospital have shown mutations in the QRDR of GyrA of serine 83 (to phenylalanine or tyrosine) or aspartic acid 87 (to glycine or tyrosine). In order to understand the association between observed resistance and structural alterations of GyrA with respect to quinolone binding, we have studied the interaction of mutated QRDR of GyrA with nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin by molecular modeling using GLIDE v4. Analysis of interaction parameters like G-score has revealed reduced interaction between nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin with QRDR of GyrA in all four mutated cases of resistant strains. The mutation of Ser83 to Phe or Tyr shows least binding for nalidixic acid, while Asp87 to Gly or Tyr exhibits minimal binding for ciprofloxacin. The study also highlights the important role of arginines at 21, 91 and His at 45, which form strong hydrogen bonds (at < 3 Å) with quinolones. The hydrophilic OH group of Serine 83, which is in close proximity to the quinolone binding site is replaced by aromatic moieties of Tyr or Phe in mutated GyrA. This replacement leads to steric hindrance for quinolone binding. Therefore, quinolone resistance developed by Salmonella appears to be due to the decreased selectivity and affinity of nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin to QRDR of GyrA.

011233   Varma M C;Pankaj P P (University Department of Zoology, T.M. Bhagalpur Univ, Bhagalpur-812 007) : Production of c-phycocyanin from Nostoc muscorium using organic solvent - a novel method. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 147-51.

C-phycocyanin is a major phycobiliprotein produced by cyanobacteria but only few strains have been reported for its efficient production till date. In the present study, the production of C-phycocyanin from a novel isolate Nostoc muscorum was studied. The phycocyanin was extracted using 80% acetone followed by heat shock at 50°C for 30 minutes. The obtained C-phycocyanin was then precipitated sequentially in different percentages of (NH₄)₂SO₄. The best result was obtained at 40% (NH₄SO₄. Precipitated C-phycocyanin was dissolved in minimal volume of 50 mM Tris-buffer (pH 7.5) and optical density was measured at 620 nm, 650 nm and 280 nm. Purified phycocyanin showed absorbance maxima at 620 nm. A purity ratio (R) of 3.25 was achieved. The recovery efficiency of C-phycocyanin from crude extract was above 65.8%. 106.3milligram C-phycocyanin of purity ratio 0.99 was obtained from 1g of dried cell mass. The C-phycocyanin precipitated at 40% (NH₄)₂SO₄ showed single protein band at ~124 kDa indicating the characteristic (αβ)3 subunit assembly as it was observed in electrophoretic separation on Native gel.

3 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

011232   Umavathi S;Logankumar K (Post Graduate and ResearchDepartment of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Variations in the primary productivity of Singanallur pond in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 323-6.

The primary productivity of the Singanallur pond water was studied during the month of July 2006 to December 2006. The primary productivity of the ecosystem is essential in food -chain studies. The sustainable yield of a fishery can be estimated by using only measurements of primary production. In addition to long-term effects, changes in photosynthetic rates may show the almost instantaneous effect of a nutrient, toxicant or physical changes in the environment. By primary productivity autotrophic organisms transform inorganic carbon and nutrients into living matter (Tilzer, 1989).

1 table, 25 ref

011231   Tiwary M;Naik S N;Tewary D K;Mittal P K;Yadav S (Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016, Email: sn_naik@hotmail.com) : Chemical composition and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) against three mosquito vectors. J Vector Borne Dis 2007, 44(3), 198-204.

Study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal potential of the essential oil from the seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum DC [syn. Z. alatum Roxb] (Rutaceae) against three medically important species of mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Essential oil was hydro distilled in the laboratory from the seeds obtained from the market and the chemical constituents of the oil were determined using GC/GC-MS. Bioefficacy of the essential oil was evaluated under laboratory conditions using III instar mosquito larvae. Among the three mosquito species tested, Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most sensitive (LC₅₀ = 49 ppm) followed by Ae. aegypti (LC₅₀ = 54 ppm) and An. stephensi (LC₅₀ =58 ppm). GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed at least 28 compounds, consisting mainly of oxygenated monoterpenes (75) and monoterpenes (22). Linalool though constituted a major part (57), failed to produce any appreciable mortality when tested alone. From the results it can be concluded that the larvae of the three mosquito species were susceptible to the essential oil composition. Such findings would be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for mosquito control based on bioactive chemical compounds from indigenous plant sources as an alternative to chemical larvicides.

2 tables, 32 ref

011230   Tikare S N;Das K K;Dhundasi S A (Physiology Dep, Al Ameen Medical College, Bijapur-586 108, Email: swati_tikare@rediffmail.com) : Blood leukocyte profile in different phases of menstrual cycle. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(2), 201-4.

Optimal availability of immune cells in the peripheral blood stream of women plays a critical role in their response to disease and therapeutic interventions. Interaction between the reproductive and immune system plays an important immunoregulatory role. This study was designed to examine the impact of different phases of menstrual cycle on the blood leukocytes. Twenty-four healthy women in their reproductive age group and having regular menstrual cycle were studied during menstrual, proliferative and secretary phases of menstrual cycle. Total leukocyte count, absolute and differential counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes and mixed cells (includes eosinophils, basophils and monocytes) were analyzed. Results showed that the variations in the different types of leukocytes during different phases of menstrual cycle were not statistically significant. No significant inter group difference, except for the significant decrease in differential lymphocyte percentage in proliferative phase as compared to menses were observed.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

011229   Talukdar A;Zhang G Q (Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou-510 642, Email: akshayassam@yahoo.co.in) : Inheritance of grain shape and molecular tagging of the QTL for reduced grain width (gw) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 103-7.

Grain shape as determined by the ratios of grain length (L) to width (W) is an important trait affecting consumer preferences and the rice markets worldwide. Study of its inheritance and identification of linked molecular markers are therefore essential for rice breeding with desirable grain shapes. For this purpose, Single Segment Substitution Lines (3-S Lines) developed by crossing HJX74 (medium grain) with Amol-3 (slender grain) and Basmati 370 (slender grain) have been used. Slender shape (L: W > 3) of grain was found to be monogenic recessive. The QTL for grain width (gw8) was mapped to the distal end of the chromosome 8 and was found to be linked with RM447 (0.0cM) and RM502 (2.5cM) which were located at a distance of 55kb on the same clone AP005529 of rice physical map. The study should facilitate map-based cloning of the gene (QTL) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) for slender shape of grain in rice.

2 illus, 18 ref

011228   Suresh K;Karthikeyan M;Lokabharathi P A (NO, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi-613 503) : Diversity of bacteria in marine waters amended with iron at Dona Paula bay, Goa. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 87-92.

Study was mae on the effect of seawater amended with 10μM of FeSO₄. 7H₂O on bacterial community. The physico-chemical characteristics of control seawater (without Fe) collected from Dona Paula Bay were studied. Changes in the bacterial cell number and species composition were followed in control seawater and seawater amended with 10μM of FeSO₄, by conducting the experiments for 185 hours. The bacteria were isolated and enumerated in different treatments. The addition of iron was beneficial to bacterial community.

2 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

011227   Sivakami R;Guru V;Sugi P;Prem Kishore G (Post Graduate and Research Department of Microbiology, Kurinji College of Arts and Science, Trichirappalli-620 002) : Occurance of chloroccales of uyyakkondan channel of the ayilapettal region of Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 397-400.

In general the luxuriant growth of chlorococcales indicates an eutrophic condition of the water body (Krishnan and Suresh, 2005). Further very few studies has been done on chlorococcales in India especially in Tamilnadu. This prompted the present study in Uyyakkondan channel of Ayilapettai region. Results show that a total of 9 sps occurred in 3 sites of the channel. Among the Chlorella and Gloeotaenium loitlesbergerianum was found to occur in all the 3 sites. Positive correlation between chlorococcales and pH, BOD, COD and TSS could not be observed.

3 tables, 6 ref

011226   Sivakami R;Casino X;Anthonisamy A;Prem Kishore G (Post Graduate and Research Department of Microbiology, Kurinji College of Arts and Science, Trichirappalli-620 002) : Analysis of cyanobacteria in two fresh water lentic systems of central, Tamilnadu. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 393-6.

Cyanobacteria is an essentially important group at it is used for a variety of activities like food, feed, biofertilizers, biodegradation of waste and fuel production. Hence, it was thought worthwhile to assess the cyanobacteria population of two freshwater bodies of varied nature located in Tiruchirappalli, Central Tamilnadu with in distance about 10 kms from each other in Kulumani region. Results show that temple tank recorded only 11 species belonging to 9 genera, while the river fed pond recorded 18 species belonging to 10 genera. The temple tank however recorded 2 unique species while the river fed pond, recorded 9 unique species. The presence of economically important Cyanobacteria, like Anabaena (biofertilizer) Spirulina (feed) in these water bodies indicates that these water bodies can be utilized for the benefit of man.

2 tables, 10 ref

011225   Singh R K;Singh A (College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, , Email: ranjay_jbp@rediffmail.com) : Women's wisdom and indigenous human healthcare practices. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2009, 8(2), 262-9.

An effort was made to explore the diversities of indigenous knowledge systems pertaining to human health among rural women of the purposively selected villages of eastern part of Azamgarh district, Uttar Pradesh. Data pertaining to study were collected by using the participatory approach, group discussions, participant learning and personal interview methods. Results indicate that women are having their ancestral wisdom to cure many diseases. A range of indigenous fruits and tubers are utilized during drought and food scarcity to meet nutrition requirement for maintaining health. These indigenous practices of health were found to be appropriate on account of low cost, good efficacy and easy local availability.

011224   Savitha D;Raghvendra Rao K;Girish S P (Physiology Dep, Narayana Medical College, Nellore-524 002) : Effect of surgical stress on neutrophil function. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(3), 302-6.

Study was undertaken to find out the effect of surgical stress on nonspecific immune response. Twenty patients posted for various elective surgeries participated in the study (male : 17, female : 3, age : 43.4±2 yrs). The blood samples were taken preoperatively (4 to 6 days prior to surgery) and the following parameters were assessed: phagocytic index of neutrophils, avidity index of neutrophils and percentage of neutrophils in differential count. These were compared with the respective parameters assessed in the blood samples taken 24 hours after surgery. There was a significant (P=0.0001) decrease in the phagocytic index of neutrophil and a significant (P=0.003) increase in the percentage of neutrophils in differential count in the postoperative blood samples. However, the avidity index did not show a significant change. It could be tentatively concluded that surgical stress causes depression of nonspecific immunity in the early postoperative period.

^ssc3 tables, 14 ref

011223   Sarkar B;Verma R P S;Mishra B (NO, Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR), P.B. No. 158, Agrasain Road, Karnal-132 001, Email: rpsvdwr@hotmail.com) : Genetic diversity for malting quality in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2008, 68(2), 163-70.

Genetic diversity for malting quality was studied on a set of 131 barley genotypes of indigenous and exotic origin representing both two and six row types. Observations were recorded on seven grain and seven malt traits. The study revealed that lot of variability exists in material for all malting quality traits. It was also observed that in general two-row barleys have better malting quality. Sources for different quality traits were identified for use as donors in breeding programme. The clustering analysis revealed four major clusters amongst the genotypes with varying standards for quality traits. The non hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis indicated that genotypes with very good malting quality were grouped in one cluster. Clustering pattern based on Ward's minimum variance method also revealed four major discrete clusters among the genotypes studied.

1 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

011222   Rao C N;Shivankar V J;Shyam Singh (NO, National Research Centre for Citrus, Amravati Road, Nagpur-440 010, Email: nandikesh@yahoo.com) : Relative toxicity of certain bio-rational insecticides to citrus blackfly, psylla and leaf miner. Indian J Hort 2008, 65(1), 110-12.

^ssc3 tables, 16 ref

011221   Raja P;Rajesh R P;Murugan A (NO, Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, 44-Beach Road, Tuticorin-628 001) : Antagonistic activity of the surface associated bacteria of the seaweed Halimeda tuna. Seaweed Res Utilis 2008, 30(spl), 191-6.

The epiphytic bacteria from the seaweed Halimeda tuna was isolated and screened for antagonistic activity against human bacterial pathogens. The average number of culturable epibacteria on the surface of H, tuna was 189 x 10² CFU/cm². Out of four epiphytic strains from H. tuna which showed activity, the strain H1 exhibited wide spectrum activity against nine out of ten pathogens and that of H2 showed high activity against four pathogens. The H2 strain which showed good activity in the cross streaking assay was cultured further and the subsequent screening showed wide spectrum activity against all pathogenic bacteria with a zone of inhibition range of 4 to 10 mm.

2 tables, 22 ref

011220   Pradhan D;Panda P K;Tripathy G (University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004) : Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic extract of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. flowers in rats. Nat Prod Radiance 2009, 8(1), 37-42.

Various extracts of the flowers of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Family-Lecythidaceae) were evaluated for potential immunomodulatory activity using the in-vitro polymorphonuclear leukocyte function test (human neutrophils). The methanol extract was evaluated for immunomodulatory activity in invivo studies, using rats as the animal model. The extracts were tested for hypersensitivity and hemagglutination reactions, using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as the antigen. Distilled water served as a control in all the tests. The successive methanol and water extracts exhibited a significant increase in the percentage phagocytosis versus the control. In the in vivo studies, the successive methanol extract was found to exhibit a dose related increase in the hypersensitivity reaction, to the SRBC antigen, at concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg in animal studies. The successive methanol extract was found to stimulate cell mediated and antibody mediated immune responses in rats. It also enhanced the phagocytic function of the human neutrophils, in vitro.

011219   Pradhan D;Panda P K;Tripathy G (University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004) : Wound-healing activity of aqueous and methanolic bark extracts of Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. in Wistar rats. Nat Prod Radiance 2009, 8(1), 6-11.

Excision, incision and dead space wound models were used to evaluate the wound-healing activity of Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. on Wistar rats of either sex. In excision wound model, treatment was continued till the complete healing of the wound whereas in incision and dead space wound models the treatment was continued for 10 days. For topical application, 5% w/w ointment of aqueous and methanol barks extracts were prepared in 2% sodium alginate and for oral administration suspensions containing 30 mg/ml of each of the extracts in 1% gum tragacanth were prepared. In excision and incision wound models, the control group of animals was left untreated and in dead space wound models the animals were treated with 1 ml of 1% gum tragacanth/kg b.w. The healing of the wound was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength, granulation strength, dry granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline estimation and histopathology of the granulation tissue. Aqueous and methanol barks extracts promoted the wound healing activity significantly in all the wound models studied. High rate of wound contraction, decrease in the period for epithelialisation, high skin breaking strength and granulation strength, increase in dry granulation tissue weight, elevated hydroxyproline content and increased collagenation in histopathological section were also observed when compared to the control group of animals. Methanol extract possesses better wound healing property than the aqueous extract.

011218   Prabhu N;Rengaramanujam J;Anna Joice P (Post Graduate and Research Department of Microbiology, Dr NGP Arts and Science College, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital, Coimbatore-641 035, Email: prachanna_76@yahoo.co.in) : Efficacy of plants-based holy stick fumigation against infectious bacteria. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2009, 8(2), 278-80.

The most common and accepted method of fumigation is to produce fumes using formaldehyde along with potassium permanganate. The formaldehyde cause sulphydryl poisoning, protein aggregation and cancer inducing nature due to protein cross linkage. Indians follow the practice, Homam -Yagam, where the lifestyle of meditation and external medical practices were followed. Various holy sticks collected from trees and fumes were produced along with cow dung cake and ghee. Various bacteria were isolated from various sources and each organism was exposed to the religious stick fumes with different time incubation. The results revealed that organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae were prominently inhibited. Fumes of Achyranthus aspera controlled Streptococcus pyogenes. These sticks (dhoops) with various level combinations produce fumes to inhibit or reduce the level of contamination and risk of infection.

011217   Pawar C R;Mutha R E;Landge A D;Jadhav R B; Surana S J (Pharmacognosy Dep, R. C. Patel College of Pharmacy, Shirpur, Dhule-425 405, Email: chaitalipawar.2006@rediffmail.com) : Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima wood. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(2), 198-200.

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima wood were studied in in vitro models. Both extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by the low IC₅₀ values in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and superoxide scavenging methods; the values were found to be less or comparable to those of gallic acid, the standard used. To determine the cytotoxic activity, extracts were tested for toxic effects to brine shrimp larvae. In this assay, the methanolic extract had little effect, but aqueous extract was relatively toxic. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities may be attributed to the total phenolic content in the wood.

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011216   Parakh D B;Khetarpal R K;Chalam V C (Plant Quarantine Div, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012, Email: rkk94rk@yahoo.com) : Risk of seed-transmitted viruses associated with exchang of soybean germplasm and the South Asian scenario. Indian J Virol 2008, 19(1), 47-9.

Risk involved in introduction of seed-transmitted viruses of soybean in South Asia is described. Of the 24 seed-transmitted viruses reported in soybean, 17 are not known to occur in the region. Quarantine regulatory res will help in preventing the introduction of these viruses in South Asian region.

2 tables, 14 ref

011215   Pandit H K;Singh A K;Kanhere R R (NO, P.M.B. Gujarati Science P.G. College, Indore-452 001) : Primary productivity of Govindgarh lake, Rewa (M.P.) India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 181-4.

Govindgarh (lat.24°24' to 24°25'N and long. 81°15' to 81°20'E) is a historical lake of Bindhya region of Madhya Pradesh. Monthly variations in primary productivity were carried out during July 2005 to June 2006. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) exhibited between 58.4C to 107.98 mgc/m³/3 hrs and 40.37 to 71.86 mgc/m³/3 hrs respectively. The respiration (R) values varied between 18.03 to 36.12 mgc/m³/3 hrs. The maximum rates of production in summer months denotes the peak of phytoplankton, macrophytes, higher values of light intensity, temperature and chlorophyll concentration. The minimum rates of primary production were observed during monsoon months.

1 table, 22 ref

011214   Pandey V;Kumar R (Psychology Dep, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Adjustment and spousal support among male school teachers in pre-retirement phase. Indian J Gerontol 2008, 22(2), 163-74.

The study aimed to asses the changes in the level of adjustment and spousal support among male school teachers approaching retirement. Adjustment Inventory which assess adjustment related to five areas, viz., health, emotional, self, home and social (Ramamurti, 1968) and Social Support Scale which assesses four functional aspects of perceived support, viz., emotional, informational, practical and companionship were administered to a sample of 62 male school teachers (Mean age 58yrs) in two pre-retirement phases, viz., "Close-to-Retirement" (Ss with 1-4 yrs to retirement, N=34) and "Distant-to-Retirement" (Ss with 5-8 yrs to retirement, N=28). Results indicated no difference between Ss in the two groups on total adjustment scores as well as on various areas of adjustment and perception of spousal support. It appears that as the Ss approach retirement event the importance of spousal support increases significantly in all the areas of social support for maintaining adequate levels of adjustment. Results have been analyzed in context to importance of spousal support for smooth transition from pre-retirement to the retirement phase.

4 tables, 19 ref