017571   Sunitha G;Krishna Mohan A V;Hanumantha Reddy G (NO, Veterinary Biological and Research Institute, Shanthi Nagar, Hyderabad-500 027, Email: tmaskumar@yahoo.com) : Detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell lines by PCR assay. Indian vet J 2008, 85(7), 702-3.

In this study, PCR assay was conducted on Vero cell lines, BHK₂₁ cell lines, MDBK cell lines to detect the contaminating Mycoplasmas. The study indicates that PCR is a rapid, specific and sensitive assay to detect Mycoplasma contamination in cell lines.

1 illus, 3 ref

017570   Sunil Kumar G;Saikishore;Malipatil M;Patil M B (NO, Karnataka College of Pharmacy, Bidar-585 401) : Evaluation of leaves of Amaranthus spinosus for antimicrobial and wound healing activity in rats. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 71-4.

Plant Amaranthus spinosus belongs to Amaranthaceae family. In the research the preliminary phytochemical investigations, antimicrobial and wound healing activity of leaves of Amaranthus spinosus were studied. Sterols, triterpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, proteins, carbohydrates and flavonoids were the active principles present. The shade-dried leaves were subjected for extraction by maceration process using polar and non-polar solvents. Further all the extracts were subjected for antimicrobial activity against both gram- positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram- negative (Escherichia coli) organisms at the concentration of 50 to 200 μg/0.l ml by using DMF as solvent. Streptomycin was used as the standard. The benzene and alcoholic extract shown significant antimicrobial activity so they were taken up for the screening of wound healing activity using excision, incision and dead space wound models. Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing about 150-250 gms each were used for the study. The dose selected for study was l/l0^th of LD50 value i.e 200 mg/kg b.w.

2 tables, 6 ref

017569   Suarez A I;Vasquez L J;Taddei A;Arvelo F; Compagnone R S (Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apdo 40109, Caracas, Venezuela, Email: asuarez@ciens.ucv.ve) : Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of leaf essential oil of Croton malambo. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(2), 208-13.

The composition of the essential oil obtained from leaves of Croton malambo was determined by means of GC-MS analysis. The major compound present in the oil was found to be: methyl eugenol (94.2 %): γ-bisabolene (1.3 %), isoelemicin (0.8 %) and γ-curcumene (0.8 %) were the minor compounds. The antibacterial activities of the oil from leaf were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginose, Escherichia coli and Candida tropicalis. A significant antibacterial activity was determined with the agar diffusion method. In vitro cytotoxic activity of C. malambo essential oil was tested against, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, on prostate cancer cell line PC 3, on colon carcinoma Lo Vo and on normal human fibroblasts. The results indicated a moderate activity on MCF-7 cancer cell line.

3 llus, 1 table, 12 ref

017568   Soni H;Pandey H;Pathak A K;Nayak G;Singhai A K;Parihar A;Singh V;Rathur A S (Pharmacy Dep, Barktullah University, Bhopal-462 026) : Evaluation of antioxidant potential of hydro-alcohlic extract of leaves of Coleus aromaticus. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 75-82.

In- Vitro and In- Vivo antioxidant activity of Coleus aromaticus leaves has been investigated by 1, 1, Diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl free radical(DPPH),Reducing power and Nitric oxide, Lipid peroxidation scavenging Method. The hydro-alcoholic extract (70:30) of leaves showed significant antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH, Reducing power and when compared with standard ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity by Nitric oxide assays revealed that IC₅₀ of Coleus aromaticus was less comparable with .standard(Curcumin) IC₅₀, In- Vivo antioxidant activity Coleus aromaticus on ethanol-induced changes were more or less similar and comparable with the vitamin C treatment.

5 tables, 10 ref

017567   Singh M;Paray M;Mudaser S S (Immunology and Molecular Medicines, SKIMS Soura, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir) : Pattern of dystrophin gene deletions in muscular dystrophy (Duchenne & Becker's muscular dystrophy) patients of Kashmir. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2008, 27(2), 123-9.

One hundred twenty subjects including 12 patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and their family members from Kashmir valley (North India) were studied for intragenic deletion in 18 exons of the DMD gene using multiplex PCR. All except one of the DMD patients (91.66%) showed intra genic deletions. 60% of the deletions were located at the distal hotspot region (exons 4<1-55) and 40% of the deletions were located at the proximal region (exons 2-19). Exon 48 followed by exons 47 & 51 are most frequently deleted. Majority of the patients showed multiple deletions, of which four patients showed deletion of two exons and only one patient showed single exon deletion. Multiplex PCR methodology could detect deletions in affected cases and not in unaffected family members. Studies the first of its kind in Kashmiri population, documents one of the highest deletion rates in dystrophin gene in DMD patients. The differences' observed in pattern and proportion of intragenic deletions could be the result of population-specific intronic sequences that pedispose individuals to preferential deletion breakpoints.

2 illus, 17 ref

017566   Singh M (BioScience Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : Qualitative study of phytoplankton and zooplankton in upper lake, Bhopal. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 372-4.

Qualitative study of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the upper lake of Bhopal during July 2004 to June 2005, was studied. Phytoplankton composed of 9 species of Chlorophyceae, 5 species of Bacillariophyceaei, 6 species of Cynaphyceae, Euglnophycae, Charophyceae and Zooplankton composed of 3 species of protozoas, 5 species of Rotifers, 8 species of Crustaceae and Meroplankton organisms mainly consisting of insects. The major phytoplankton and zooplankton species which created problem in the water treatment as observed were Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cyclotella, Syndera, Microspora etc. Zooplanktons as indications of eutrophication as observed were Daphnia, Amoeba, Euglena, Mesocyclops, Dapharosoma. Meroplanktonic organisms decreased from upstream to down stream regions.

22 ref

017565   Shrestha B;Basnett H;Dilly Babu V;Patel S S (NO, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, E. Sikkim-737 136) : Antihelmintic and antimicrobial activity of the chloroform extract of Pergulariadaemia Forsk. leaves. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 13-16.

Chloroform extract of the shade dried leaves of Pergularia daemia were prepared and evaluated for their antihelmintic and antimicrobial activity. The extract showed significant antihelmintic activity in dose dependent manner against Pheritima posthuma (earthworm) when compared with standard drug albendazole. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against both bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella aeruginosa and Streptococcus aureus) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) and compared with standard drug Erythromycin and Miconazole. The extract showed moderate antibacterial and mild antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms.

3 tables, 16 ref

017564   Sholapurkar A A;Pai K M;Ahsan A (Oral Medicine and Radiology Dep, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal-576 104, Email: amar_as2002@yahoo.co.in) : Central giant cell granuloma of the anterior maxilla. Indian J dent Res 2008, 19(1), 78-81.

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) formerly called giant cell reparative granuloma is a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion of unknown etiology. It occurs most commonly in the mandible. The case reported here resembled a wide variety of conditions that led to a misdiagnosis both on clinical and radiographic examination but was histopathologically diagnosed as CGCG. Describes a case of central giant cell granuloma arising from the anterior maxilla to highlight to the general dental practitioner the importance of histopathology in the diagnosis of this enigmatic lesion.

^ccr13 ref

017563   Shivhare U D;Dorlikar V P;Bhusari K P;Mathur V B;Duragkar N J;Mirani B N (NO, Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur-441 110, Email: udshivhare@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of transdermal film using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 21-8.

Transdermal films of carvedilol were prepared using four different polymers either individual or in combination, Eudragit RLl 00 (ERLl00), Eudragit RSl00 (ERSl00), hydroxy propyl methylcellulose K 15 LV (HPMC), and ethyl cellulose (EC), of varying degrees of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The effect of the polymers on the technical properties, i.e., drug release, water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), and percentage moisture loss (ML), percentage moisture absorption (MA), folding endurance and thickness was investigated. Different formulations were prepared in accordance with ERLl00 being the parent polymer. The patch containing ERLl00 alone showed maximum WVTR, % MA and % ML, which could be attributed to its hydrophilic nature. As expected, substitution with ERS 100, HPMC, and EC decreased all the above values in accordance with their decreasing degree of hydrophilicity. Drug-polymer interactions was studied by DSC study, which indicate there is no interaction between drug and polymer. Moreover, the release of the drug was sustained and itextended over a period of 24 h in all formulations. AS emerged as the most satisfactory formulation.

1 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

017562   Shastry R A;Mahadevan K M;Habbu P V;Patil B S;Patil J P (Post Graduate Studies in Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, S.R. Nagar, Dharwad-580 002) : Evaluation of antiamnesic potential of corm of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst) in mice. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 1-12.

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (A.P) is commonly known as elephant foot in Indian system of medicine. The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the plant on cognitive functions and brain cholinesterase activity in mice. The ethyl acetate (EAAP) and ethanolic extracts (EtAP) of corm were selected for the study. Exteroceptive behavioral models such as elevated plus maze and Water maze were used to assess the short term memory, where as, scopolamine and natural ageing induced amnesia served as interoceptive models. The whole brain acetyl cholinesterase activity was measured to assess the effect of A. paeoniifolius on central cholinergic system. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the transfer latency significantly (p<0.01) in young mice on first and second day as compared to control indicating impairment of memory. Pretreatment with EtAP (l00 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p<0.0l) reduced scopolamine and ageing induced amnesia as compared to (EAAP). Escape latency time (ELT) was recorded in water maze model as an index of acquisition, and trials were conducted for 4 days. The mean lime spent in target quadrant (TSQT) during retrieval trial on 5^th day was taken as the index of retrieval (memory). EAAP (l00 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) administered before training trial (from day I to day 4), significantly (p<0.0l) reduced scopolamine and ageing induced in TSQT during retrieval test on 5^th day. EtAP (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased whole brain AChE activity of both young and aged mice thus exhibiting anti-acetyl cholinesterase activity in whole brain homogenate compared to Piracetam, scopolamine and control groups of mice.

7 tables, 32 ref

017561   Shanmugam K R;Ramakrishna C;Mallikarjuna K; Sathyavelu Reddy K (Molecular Biology Div, Zool Dep, S.V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, Email: sathykreddy@hotmail.com) : Role of ginger on mitochondrial enzymes in alcohhol induced free radical toxicity rats. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2008, 27(2), 69-81.

Investigation explored the effect of ginger on mitochondrial enzymes in alcohol treated rats. The Wistar stain male albino rats were divided into four groups as per experimental protocol. After one month treatment the selected enzymes such as Succinate dehydrogenase (SOH), Lactate dehydrogenase (LOH), Malate dehydrogenase (MOH), and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GOH) activities were assayed in the kidney tissue. The activities of SOH, G6POH MOH, and GOH were decreased and LOH activity was increased in alcohol treated rats, but with ginger treatment in alcohol treated rats these mitochondrial enzymes were came to normal levels. These results suggest that mitochondrial enzyme activities were increased with ginger treatment. Concludes that one month ginger treatment would be beneficial to improve the mitochondrial enzymes activities during alcohol induced free radical stress.

3 tables, 39 ref

017560   Shankar S;Anand R;Ramesh K (Postgraduate and Research Dep of Chemistry, A.V.V.M. Sripushpam College, Poondi-613 503, Email: rajiphysio21@yahoo.com) : Antimicrobial activity of natural dye from Thespisia populea extract. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 805-7.

The bark extract of Thespisia populea was selected to study the antimicrobial activity against four infectious bacteria such as E. coli, Streptococcus sp., S. aureus, S. epidermis and four fungi such as Trichophyton mentogrophyte, T. tonsurans, T. rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum.

^ssc2 tables, 9 ref

017559   Shankar S;Anand R;Ramesh K (Postgraduate and Research Dep of Chemistry, A.V.V.M. Sripushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur, Email: rajiphysio21@yahoo.com) : Antibacterial activity of diethyl ether extract of Calocybe indica. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 802-4.

The antimicrobial properties of diethyl ether extract of Calocybe indica was investigated against ten infectious bacterial strains. The extract of Calocybe indica showed better antibacterial activity against Ps. aeruginosa, Klebisella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus sp. using both disc diffusion and agar well methods.

^ssc1 table, 10 ref

017558   Sekar Babu Hari Ram;Pillai S;Uma Devi C (Biotech & Biomedical Dep, Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajahmundry-533 294) : Neuro-toxic effect of combination pesticide spark EC36 (Trizophos (OP) 35%+ deltamethrin (pyrethroids) 1%)) on the psychopharmacological changes in wistar rats. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 61-6.

Presents trend in agricultural practice to control pest animals by using a mixed formulation of synthetic or natural pyretheroids with different proportions of organophosphates to reduce the toxic effect of organophosphate compounds toxicity on the human, domestic animals and environment. The mixed formulation selected for the study spark EC 36 (Aventis Bombay) was used for sub acute and Acute toxicity studies. Wister rats weighing around 90-120 gms: of either sex were selected . Acute studies were carried out to fix the LD 50 dosage of the selected pesticide. Based on the LD 50 values the subacute doses were fixed (1/40^th, 1/20^th, 1/l0^th of the LD 50 Dosage). Since lot of data available regarding neuro toxicity of constituent pesticide (organophosphates and pyrethroids) hence the present work has been designed to asses the neuro toxicity of a combination pesticide through behavioral parameters (Psychopharmacological observation) and instrumental analysis such as spontaneous motor activity for 28 days. It is evident from the results that 1/ 20 and 1/10 of LD 50 dosed animals of either sex showed marked differences in the behavioral patterns when compare to 1/40 of LD 50 dose animals.

3 tables, 5 ref

017557   Sathiyavathi S;Mathivannan V;Sabhanayakam S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Positive effects of CD4+ cell counts in HIV infected patients in and around salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. Biosci Res Bull 2008, 24(2), 107-17.

Human lmmuno Deficienty Virus (HIV) targets the CD4+ positive leading to cytopathic effects and chronic immune activation followed by eventual depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes and serve immune suppression. Treatment with combination antiretroviral therepy has lead to dramatic improvements in HIV- related morbidity and mortality. The progressive depletion of CD+ lymphoytes is the cardinal event in the pathogenesis during the infection by human immunodeficiency virus. The absolute number of these CD4+T cells in the peripheral blood is the single most important parameter for monitoring the disease associated with HIV infection. CD4+T cell enumeration is essential in three areas. First, CD4 counts are used to assess, The degree of immune deterioration as a surrogate marker for HIV induced damage and repeated CD4 tests define a decline slope of CD4 counts as an indication of the speed of progression towards Acq uired Immuno Deficiency, Synrome (AIDS), with the help of baseline CD4 counts, patients are placed for appropritate timing of starting antiretro viral therapy (ART) and to define the starting point for efficient prophylaxis against opportunistic infection. Secondly, while on therapy, improvement in CD4 counts is indicative of the efficacy of ART. Finally, epidermiological AIDS surveillance is based on CD4 counts to help define an anticipated welfare and health care needed. There is indeed an urgency to make it possible to deliver efficient therapy to patients at the right time, to guard against unmonitored drug distribution of resistance to commonly used drug and to dispel an out-dated myths that flow cytometry is too complex, expensive and complicated for routine use in wide areas of the globe. The successful ART is associated with potent suppression of HIV replication as measured by falling HIV / AIDS viral load and improvement in immune function with increased CD4+ lymphocyte numbers. Both previously sequestered memory CD4+ cells and naive lymphocytes are involved in the immune reconstruction.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

017556   Roy A;Moktan B;Sarkar P K (Microbiology Lab, Botany Dep, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734 013, Email: pksarkar@bsnl.in) : Survival and growth of foodborne bacterial pathogens in fermenting batter of dhokla. J Fd Sci Technol 2009, 46(2), 132-5.

Dhokla is a lactic acid fermented steamed cake having a soft and spongy texture, consumed widely in India. Dhokla batter may be contaminated with common foodborne pathogenic bacteria during processing of its substrates, viz. raw rice and Bengalgram. Dhokla batter prepared in the laboratory remained contaminated during 15 h fermentation with Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. At the time of fermentation, the rise in volume of dhokla batter remained negatively correlated with its decline in pH. When dhokla batter was intentionally inoculated at the start of fermentation with these bacteria in order to simulate unwanted contaminating situation, all the 3 types of organisms survived. While steaming the batter for 15 min to prepare dhokla cakes, the count of S. aureus and E. coli went below the detection limit (2.0 log cfu/g cake), but B. cereus survived. Hence, it can be concluded that though the fermentation is capable of holding the growth of common pathogenic bacteria in check, steaming is critical to produce microbiologically safe dhokla.

2 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

017555   Roy A;Moktan B;Sarkar P K (Microbiology Lab, Botany Dep, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734 013, Email: pksarkar@bsnl.in) : Diversity and growth control of multiple-antibiotic resistant Salmonella from legume-based Indian fermented foods. J Fd Sci Technol 2009, 46(1), 31-5.

Antibiogram of 33 strains of Salmonella isolated previously from 3 different types of legume-based Indian fermented foods were studied against 18 different antibiotics that are commonly used against foodborne diseases, mainly gastroenteritis. All the strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance; erythromycin and metronidazole had no effect on the isolates. Each of the isolates was resistant to at least 5 different antibiotics. High resistance was observed for rifampicin, ampicillin, penicillin G, vancomycin, cloxacillin, cephalothin, trimethoprim, bacitracin and streptomycin. Isolates were most sensitive to benzene derivative (chloramphenicol) followed by quinolones (ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid). The detection of high number of multiple antibiotic resistant isolates demands the need for the implementation of national resistance monitoring programme to reduce the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of NaCl, benzoic acid and sorbic acid for the growth of isolates were 70-95 mg/ml, 450-650 μg/ml (pH 5.1-4.3) and 500-700 μg/ml (pH 5.0-4.6), respectively. In nutrient broth, growth was seen at a minimum and maximum pH of 4.4 and 9.9, respectively. While studying the combined effect of selected hurdles on the growth of Salmonella 1-S4, the judicious combination was low acid (pH 5.4), 50 mg NaCl/ml and 600 μg benzoic acid/ ml. The whole-cell protein fingerprinting analysis using SDS-PAGE revealed a high level of diversity among the isolates. The 33 isolates of Salmonella belonged to 17 subclusters, out of which 15 were source (food)-wise homogeneous.

4 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

017554   Ray S;De A U (NO, Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Bidhan Nagar, Durgapur-713 206, Email: supratimray_in@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and biological activity of succinimidobenzenesulfonyl oxopyrrolidine analogs as possible antineoplastic agents. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 379-87.

Some new succinimidobenzenesulfonyl oxopyrrolidine analogs were synthesized and screened for antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites Carcinoma in female Swiss albino mice using percentage inhibition of tumor cell count and tumor weight as activity parameters. Few synthesized compounds show encouraging activity.

2 tables, 20 ref

017553   Ratnayake R R;Seneviratne G;Kulasooriya S A (NO, Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka, Email: gaminis@ifs.ac.lk) : Characterization of clay bound organic matter using activation energy calculatd by weight loss on ignition method. Curr Sci 2008, 95(6), 763-6.

Soil organic matter (SOM) through intimate associations with clay particles forms clay bound organic matter (CBO), which contributes mainly to long-term stability of SOM in most soils. The CBO fraction contributes mainly to more meaningful carbon sequestration due to their long-term stability and hence storage. The formation and stabilization of CBO is a complex process and studies on determination of the exact composition of this fraction are meagre. An attempt was made to characterize the CBO of a soil in terms of the other SOM fractions such as fulvic fraction (FF), humic fraction (HF) and fine soil litter. The weight loss on ignition (LOI) data of extracted SOM fractions and fine soil litter were used to characterize CBO. Rate constants (k) of the oxidation reactions during the LOI were calculated using percentage weight losses at different temperatures of the FF, HF and fine soil litter. Calculated activation energies (E_a) of the other SOM fractions at different temperatures were used in a multiple regression analysis to predict the E_a of the CBO fraction. The results showed that the activation energy of the CBO [E_a (CBO)] was positively related to that of the fine soil litter [E_a (fine soil litter)] and the FF [E_a (FF)]. The relationship indicates that the CBO of the soil is composed of a mixture of fine soil litter and the FF, as also proposed in the literature.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

017552   Prakash Yoganandam G;Biswas D;Vijender Kumar; Santhanam A;Bhuwaneshwaran B;Jayanthi S;Lavanya R;Senthil R;Bhaskar R B (NO, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203) : Potential hypoglycemi effects of Cassia auriculata in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 121-4.

Aqueous extract of leaves of Cassia auriculata linn (Caesalpinlaceae) was investigated for its anti-hyperglycemic activity. The study is aimed to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Cassia auriculata in two different doses (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight) on blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats against standard drug Gliclazide (25mg/kg body weight). Results of biochemical estimations were reported as mean ± SEM. The total variation present in the data was analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANNOYA). It was concluded that from these studies the extract prepared from the leaves of Cassia aurieulata possess potential hypo glycemic effects when compared with standard drug Gliclazide.

2 tables, 11 ref

017551   Pius A;Viswanathan G (Chemistry Dep, Gandhigram Rural Univ, Gandhigram-624 302, Email: anithapius@rediffmail.com) : Determination of calcium dose for minimizing fluoride bioavailability in rabbits. Curr Sci 2008, 95(6), 770-3.

Fluorosis results from excess fluoride ingestion and is characterized by marked abnormalities of bones and teeth. Most of the absorbed fluoride from the diet and drinking water can readily enter into the bones and teeth thus the bones become hypertropic and coarse but are fragile. Earlier studies indicated that calcium binds with fluoride forming an insoluble calcium fluoride in the gastrointestinal tract; thus the adverse effect of fluorosis may decrease. Quantification of calcium needed to reduce excess fluoride absorption is necessary for the treatment of fluorosis. Differ-ent doses of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate were administered to albino rabbits and it was obser-ved that significant decrease in fluoride bioavailability was observed in the group of animals administered with 11.4, 14.3, 17.2, 21.4 and 50 mg calcium per kg body wt. This calcium dose level is equivalent to 1200, 1500 and 3500 mg of calcium required for a 70 kg body wt human beings.

1 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

017550   Perumal G;Rajeswari R;Paranichandiran P (Microbiology Dep, Kandaswamy Kandar's College, Velur, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu) : Bacterial pathogens from wound infection and their susceptibility against different antibiotics. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 327-9.

Study pertains the isolation of aerobic microorganisms from wound infection and to study its antibiogram. From the collected 20 wound samples 10 isolates were identified. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%) was the predominant isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and Escherichia coli (20%). Antobiogram study reveals that all the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Sporidoxin.

2 tables, 18 ref

017549   Paul S B;Datta Choudhury M;Choudhury R;De B (Life Sciences Dep, Assam Univ, Airongmara, Dargakona, Silchar, Cachar-788 011, Email: monishi_dc@writeme.com) : Structure elucidation and analgesic activity of separated active compounds from the methanolic extract of Solanum torvum. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 581-8.

Methanolic extract of fruits of Solarium torvum Swartz was subjected for column chromatography taking ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The separated and purified chemical constituents and crude extract were tested for their analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing method. The structures of therapeutically active constituents were elucidated by spectral analysis and they were steroidal glycosides.

4 tables, 8 ref

017548   Pathak J P N;Yadav U;Gupta A;Shouche S; Choudhary L (Microbiology and Zoology Dep, Government Madhav Mahavidyalaya, Vikram University, Ujjain-456 010) : Impact of parasites on the haemogram of Sphaerodema rusticum Fabs (Heteroptera). Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 55-8.

Natural infection by Bradynema sp. (nematode) affects the haemogram of Sphaerodema rusticum. The infected adults have low total haemocytes counts specifically the percentage of granular cells, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids decreased. The percentage of prohaemocytes increased significantly. The dividing cells appear in circulations which were not found in normal healthy insects.

1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

017547   Pande M;Pathak A (NO, NRI Institute of Pharmaceuitcal Sciences, 3, Sajjansingh Nagar, Opp. Patel Nagar, Raisen Raod, Bhopal-462 022) : Aphrodisiac activity of Ocimum gratissimum (Ram tulsi) ethanolic extract in mice. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 149-56.

Study is aimed to investigate the effect ethanolic extract of ram tulsi on libido effects on sexually normal male Swiss Albino mice. The suspension of the extract was administered orally at the dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg / kg, to different groups of male mice (n = 6) once a day for seven days. The female Swiss Albino mice involved in mating were made receptive by hormonal treatment. The general mating behaviour, libido and levels of hormone testosterone was determined and compared with the standard reference drug sildenafil citrate. Oral administration of the extract significantly increased the levels of testosterone. The most appreciable effect of the extract was observed at the dose of 500 mg/kg. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum Linn.(Labiatae) produced a significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male mice adverse effects. Thus, the resultant aphrodisiac affectivity of the extract lends support to the claims for its traditional usage in sexual disorders.

3 tables, 14 ref

017546   Pande M;Pathak A (NO, NRI Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, Sajjan Singh Nagur, Opp. Patel Nagar, Raisen Road, Bhopal-462 021) : Effect of ethanolic Extract of Blepharis edulis (Utangan) on sexual behaviour in normal mice. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 53-60.

Seeds of Blepharis edulis (family Acanthaceae) have been used in Ayurvedic medicine since ancient times for the treatment of male sexual disorders. The study is aimed to investigate the effect ethanolic extract of Blepharis edulis (family Acanthaceae) on general mating behaviour along with its likely gastric ulceration and adverse effects on sexually normal male albino mice. The suspension of the extract was administered orally at the dose of l00, 250, and 500 mg / kg, to different groups of male mice (n = 6) once a day for seven days. The female albino mice involved in mating were made receptive by hormonal treatment. The general mating behaviour, libido and potency were determined and compared with the standard reference drug sildenafil citrate. The probable gastric ulceration and adverse effects of the extract were also evaluated. Oral administration of the extract significantly increased the Mounting Frequency, Intromission Frequency; Intromission Latency, Erections as well as aggregate of penile reflexes and caused significant reduction in the Mounting Latency and Post Ejaculatory Interval. The most appreciable effect of the extract was observed at the dose of 500 mg/kg. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of Blepharis edulis (family Acanthaceae) produced a significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity or normal male mice, without any gastric ulceration and adverse effects. Thus, the resultant effectivity of the extract lends support to the claims for its traditional usage in sexual disorders.

3 tables, 18 ref

017545   Panda B B;Panda P K;Pradhan D;Kar D M (University Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep(UDPS), , Utkal University) : Hepatoprotective activity of petroleum ether extract of aerial part of Jatropha gossypifolia in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxic rats. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 43-8.

Investigates the hepatoprotective activity of Petroleum ether extract of aerial part of Jatropha gossypifolia in carbon tetrachloride induced rats. The powder of aerial part of Plant i.e., Jatropha gossypifolia were extracted by successive solvent extraction by soxhlet apparatus in petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and finally maceration in water at room temperature. Then hepatoprotective activities of 3 extracts (petroleum ether, methanol, aqueous) were assessed against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxic in rats. The CCl₄4 produced significant changes in histological and biochemical parameters Though All the extracts showed protective activity, the petroleum ether extract showed maximum protectivity i.e. 87.41%,95.38%,99.81%, 94.93%,77.12%,74.42% and 79.4% in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Cholesterol and Protein Respectively and 58.31 %, 92.21 %, 40.58% in SOD, Catalase, protein of liver tissue respectively. The present study indicates that though all the 3 extracts have hepatoprotective activity, petroleum ether extract showed greater protectivity and Alcoholic extract showed the minimum activity.

2 tables, 10 ref

017544   Nasirullah;Jeyarani T;Rakshitha D (Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dep, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020) : Isolation and antioxidant efficacy of nutraceutical concentrates from sesame and flax seed oils. J Fd Sci Technol 2009, 46(1), 66-9.

Oils obtained from raw and roasted sesame (Sesamum indicum) and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), were used to isolate antioxidant/nutraceutical concentrates. Roasting showed no adverse effect on the fatty acid composition of these oils. Antioxidant concentrate of sesame oil showed absorbance at λ_max 288-289 nm for sesamol. The presence of lignan molecules in all the concentrates was confirmed by FT-IR frequencies. Thin layer chromatography of ethanol extract of sesame seed oil (EESSO), ethanol extract of roasted sesame seed oil (EERSSO), ethanol extract of flaxseed oil (EEFSO) and ethanol extract of roasted flaxseed oil (EERFSO) revealed the presence of vanillic, cinnamic and hydroxy benzoic acids. Polyphenol content of residual sesame oil was 5.8% and of roasted flaxseed oil concentrate 9.1%. The sesamol content was maximum (22,931 ppm) in EERSSO. The concentrates EESSO, EERSSO, EEFSO and EERSFO at 200 and 500 ppm have been fortified to refined sunflower oil without tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) to assess their antioxidant potential at ambient (25-28°C) and elevated temperature (37°C) for 12 weeks period. The free fatty acids and anisidine value for sunflower oil with TBHQ and sunflower oil with above concentrates were close to each other. Nutraceutical concentrate had the matching potential to protect sunflower oil from autoxidation as compared to TBHQ.

3 tables, 28 ref

017543   Narmadha Selvamathy S M K;Saranya P;Annie Jeyachristy S;Geetha A (Biochemistry Dep, Bharathi Women's College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai-600 108) : Antioxidant and H<. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 1-10.

Swertia chirayita is traditionally used for gastric complications including ulcer. Extracts of the aerial parts of Swertia chirayita obtained with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, hydroalcohol and water were used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-ulcer activity in vitro. The anti-ulcer effect was assessed by the capacity to inhibit H⁺K⁺-ATPase activity of sheep gastric mucosa. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated with DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide scavenging models and by assessing the reducing power. Results indicated that various solvent extracts of Swertia chirayita possess inhibitory effect on sheep mucosal H⁺K⁺-ATPase activity. The maximum inhibition was observed with hydroalcoholic extract. Among all the fractions, hydro alcohol fraction has shown to exhibit greatest free radical scavenging activity when compared to corresponding standards. The free radical scavenging effects were found to be concentration dependent and the study indicates that hydroalcoholic extract of Swertia chirayita has significant anti-ulcer and antioxidant properties when tested in vitro. The antioxidant property of the plant might be accounted for the anti-ulcer activity.

6 illus, 40 ref

017542   Nagasamy D et al (Pharmaceutics Dep, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Ooty-643 001) : Design and in vitro evaluation of alginate beads of aceclofenac. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 17-20.

Oral slow and sustained release drug delivery system can release their drug content with a controlled manner, producing a desirable blood serum level, reduction in drug toxicity and improving the patient compliance by prolonging dosing intervals. The major drawback of orally administered drug like aceclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis has a shorter biological half-life. To overcome these drawbacks, an attempt has been made to develop a sustained release dosage form of aceclofenac embedded alginate microbeads prepared by ionotropic gelation technique. The results revealed that the surface adhering drug was found to release immediately and a steady state of release was obtained up to 8 h from all the batches. The results indicated there was an inverse relationship between the concentration of alginate and drug rtiease. The drug release was found to follow non-fickian diffusion obeying first order kinetics.

2 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

017541   Nagabhushan Reddy M;Basha Mohideen M D (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh) : Energy metabolism in albino rat when fed ditary formulations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 337-9.

Consumption of fish especially that of marine, which is a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) prevent the occurrence of coronary heart diseases. Besides, n-3 PUFA are essential in growth and development of humans. Levels of ATP and ADP were more with higher significance (P<0.001) when compared to AMP in both liver and muscle of male and female albino rats fed dietary formulations of high n-3 PUFA (ControKLow n-3 PUFA diet<Medium n-3 PUFA diet<High n-3 PUFA diet). Energy charge (EC) represents the levels of ATP and ADP in both sexes of rats fed dietary formulations of n-3 PUFA, whereas the levels of AMP were more in rats fed low n-3 PUFA diet (Control>Low n-3 PUFA diet>Medium n-3 PUFA diet>High n-3 PUFA diet) and low energy charge is a reflection of higher level of AMP.

2 tables, 11 ref

017540   Mojumder D L (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dep, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Email: mojumder@bcm.tmc.edu) : Capillary-contacting horizontal cells in the rodent retina. J Anat Soc India 2008, 57(1), 34-6.

Horizontal cells, the interneurons in the distal retina, provide feedback control of the photoreceptor synaptic output at the first synapse in the visual pathway. Using immunohistological and confocal microscopy techniques, presents anatomical evidence that in rat and mouse retina, the horizontal cell processes are in contact with retinal capillaries as are retinal gliai cells. This glia-like property of horizontal cells in these two species, also previously reported in tree shrews by Knabe and Ochs (1999), appear to be a more common theme for these neurons than previously appreciated.

3 illus, 8 ref

017539   Manjunatha B S;Kumar G S;Raghunath V (Oral Pathology Dep, SJM Dental College and Hospital, PB Road, Chitradurga, Karnataka) : Histochemical and polarization microscopic study of two cases of vegetable/pulse granuloma. Indian J dent Res 2008, 19(1), 74-7.

Vegetable granuloma (VG) or pulse granuloma (PG) results from the implantation of food particles of plant or vegetable origin. It is usually seen in the periapical or in the sulcus areas. These lesions have been described as a distinct entity and classified into central and peripheral lesions according to the location. Central lesions are asymptomatic, whereas peripheral lesions present as painless sub-mucosal swellings. Many authors have postulated that food particles in VG or PG get implanted and are rapidly digested, and sometimes partly get altered by host responses. The cellulose part of plant foods being indigestible persists in the form of hyaline material, whereas the starch matter gets digested. This cellulose moiety invokes chronic granulomatous response.

^ccr1 table, 9 ref

017538   Manigauha A;Patel S;Chandy A (NO, NRI College of Pharmacy, Sajjan Singh Nagar, Raisen Road, Bhopal) : Investigation of anti-inflammatory efficiency of Lobelia inflata leaves. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 49-52.

Methanolic extract of leaves of Lobelia infiata belonging to the family Lobeliaceae were checked for there anti-inflammatory efficiency against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Wister rats. All the dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg orally were found to significant (P < 0.05) and (P < 0.01) respectively inhibit paw oedema induced by carrageenan in rats when compared with the standard and control. The leaves extract showed maximum inhibition of 52.54% at the dose of 200 mg/kg after 4 hr. whereas the standard drug showed 62.38% of inhibition.

1 table, 13 ref

017537   Manigauha A;Patel S (NO, NRI College of Pharmacy, Sajjan Singh Nagar, Raisen Road, Bhopal) : Anti-inflammatory activity of Ipomoea digitata Linn plant by dextran and formalin induced paw oedema in rats. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 95-8.

Plant Ipomoea digitata Linn belonging to the family Convolvulaceae has been explored for its anti-inflammatory potential in the study. The anti-inflammatory property was assessed by formalin and dextran-induced paw oedema in male wistar rats against methanolic extract of plant Ipomoea digitata. All the dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg orally were found to significant (P < 0.05) and (P<0.001) respectively inhibit paw oedema induced by formalin and dextran in rats when compared with the standard and control.

2 tables, 12 ref

017536   Malipatil M;Chitme H R;Ramesh Chandra; Irchhaya R;Patil R (NO, Karnataka College of Pharmacy, Manhalli Road, Bidar-585 403) : Anti-depressant activity of root extract of Carissa carandas Linn. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 139-41.

All the parts of the Carissa carandas were reputed in indigenous medicine for various kinds of diseases and disorders. The objective of the work is to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of petroleum ether extract or root of the plant. Dried and powdered root of Carissa carandas Linn was extracted with various solvents of increasing polarity. The petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigations. The study deals with anti-depressant activity of petroleum ether extract of root of Carissa carandas Linn. The anti-depressant effect of petrofeum ether extract of root of Carissa carandas was evaluated in male Wister rats weighing 160-180g were used. Total duration of immobility was calculated and results were compared with propylene glycol. a standard anti-depressant drug. The results shown that the petroleum ether extract of root of Carissa carandas significant. However, further studies were required for coming to conclusion.

1 table, 4 ref

017535   Mahmoudi A;Dehghanpouri S;Jahani K;Rasmi Y (Chemistry Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran, Email: mohmoudi_ali@Yahoo.com) : Comparative sensitivity of human acetylcholinesterase to in vitro inhibition by synthetic analogues of phosphoramidate compounds. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 195-205.

Using phosphoryl chloride as a substrate, some phosphoramidate derivatives with the general formula (R₁)(O)PC1(R₂); [R₁ = NMe₂, OC₆H₅, OC₆H₄CH₃ and R₂ = N(CH₂C₆H₅)(CH₃), N(CH₂C₆H₃)(C₂H₅)] was prepared and characterized by ¹H, ³¹P and ¹³C NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Biochemical studies conducted to evaluation of sensitivities of human acetylcholinesterase to inhibition of these compounds. Determination of human eryth-rocyte acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) activity was carried out according to the Ellman's modified kinetic method. Biomolecular rate constant (k₁) of the selected compounds towards the active site of hAChE ranged between 2.4 x 10^{-3 and 5.23 x 10-1 M-1 min-1 and their IC₅₀ values varied from 2.33 x 10-1 to 1.99 x 10-3 mM. The difference in the inhibitory potency of these compounds is discussed with respect to their hydrophobicity. A comparison of the k-1 and IC₅₀ values for inhibition of hAChE by these inhibitors revealed that hydro-phobic, steric and electronic factor of phosphorus substituents are important in potency of inhibitory on hAChE.}

1 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

017534   Kusuma M P;Chandana Lakshmi M V V (Biotechnology Dep, Gandhi Institute of Technology, GITAM Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 045, Email: mpkusuma@rediffmail.com) : Antimicrobial activity of some of the locally available vegetables. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 823-5.

In vitro antimicrobial properties of different vegetables which are used in day to day life is studied. The vegetable extracts were tested against pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium tetanii and Streptococcus bacilli following spread plate method. The aqueous extracts of the different parts of vegetables are having antimicrobial properties. In the investigation it was found that the epicarp of Ash gourd has greater inhibitory activity among the tested extracts on all the test strains.

^ssc2 tables, 3 ref

017533   Kiran Mayi P (Biochemistry Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510) : High temperature stress induced alterations in thylakoid membrane lipids and proteins of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 65-70.

Study was to characterize the effect of high temperature on thylakoid lipid peroxidation and polypeptide profile in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 630 I. The increase in the temperature caused gradual enhancement in the lipid peroxidation of thylakoid membrane. To analyze the protective mechanism against lipid peroxidation 3 mM ascorbate was used as reducing agent in reaction mixture before giving the temperature stress. The studies explained that ascorbate acted as potent reducing agent during peroxidation of thylakoid membranes. To correlate the lipid peroxidation with photosystem II catalyzed electron transport, the results indicated the inverse relationship between photosystem photochemistry and lipid peroxidation. In addition to the lipid peroxidation, a low molecular weight polypeptide analysis was made in thylakoid membranes of control and treated samples.

4 tables, 11 ref

017532   Kharche S D;Goel A K;Jindal S K;Sinha N K; Yadav P (NO, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom-281 122) : Effect of somatic cells co-culture on cleavage and development of in-vitro fertilized caprine embryos. Indian J Anim Sci 2008, 78(7), 686-92.

Investigation was undertaken to study the influence of granulose cell monolayer and oviduct epithelial cell co-culture on developmental competence of in-vitro fertilized goat oocytes. Ovaries (1050) were collected from local abattoir and transported within 4h to the laboratory in warm saline (37°C) containing 100 IU penicillin-G and 100 μg streptomycin sulphate/ml. Oocytes were retrieved by follicle puncture technique from goat ovaries. Cumulus oocyte complexes (2132) were selected for in-vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium (L-gluuimin, sodium pyruvate, gentamycin sulphate and supplemented with 20% estrus goat serum at 38.5°C and 5% CO₂ under humidified air for 27h. In-vitro matured oocytes (290) were denuded after 27h following culture by overtaxing, fixed for 15 min in 2.5% (w/v) glutaraldehyde, washed twice with PBS, stained with 0.lμg/ml 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindol and mounted on slides. The evaluation of nuclear status was done by epifluorescence microscopy. After 27h of In-vitro maturation, oocytes (n=1447) were denuded and washed in sperm TALP and then fertilized in a drop of fertilization TALP (20% EGS and 10 μg/ml heparin) containing 1x10⁶ spermatozoa/ml from Sirohi buck. Oocytes-sperm after 18h of co-incubation were washed in embryo development medium for 15-20 times. The cleaved embryos were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group I in-vitro fertilized oocytes (282) were co-cultured with oviductal epithelial cells in a 50μl drop of embryo development medium. In group 2 in-vitro fertilized oocytes (330) were cultured over a granulose cell monolayer in a 50μl drop of embryo development medium. Development of in-vitro fertilized oocytes were observed at every 24h till day 7 post insemination under inverted phase contrast microscope. The percentage of aberrations, GV, GVBD, MI and MII stage oocytes were 7.24, 4.82, 3.79, 14.82 and 61.37%, respectively. The percentage of 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell and morula were 47.87, 28.36, 14.89 & 8.86% and 65.45, 25.15, 6.36 and 3.03%, respectively, in groups I and 2. In conclusion, the present results indicate that (i) the granulosa cell monolayer significantly (P<0.05) improved the cleavage rate of in-vitro matured goat oocytes as compared to OEC co-culture, and (ii) oviductal epithelial cell co-culture significantly (P<0.05) increased embryo development from 2-cell to morula as compared to granulose cell monolayer.

1 illus, 1 table, 68 ref

017531   Karthick A;Jayashree V S (Microbiology Dep, Dr. G.R. Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore-641 014) : Earthern pot culture method to check the stability of marine Azotobacter in the soils by assessing growth of green gram. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 123-6.

Azotobacter sp. is a gram-negative soil dwelling organism with a wide variety of metabolic capabilities which include the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen by converting it to ammonia. In the study, 45 samples were positive out of 50 marine samples, collected from different locations of Rameshwaram marine region at the depth of 1-2m. The nitrogen fixing ability of the isolated Azotobacter sp. from marine source is compared with soil Azotobacter sp. and standard Azotobacter sp. by pot cultivation method by assessing the growth of green gram. Seed germination, shoot length, root length and chlorophyll content were measured. Therefore, irrespective of the environment, marine Azotobacter sp. is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in a terrestrial environment at a higher frequency rate. Since it is a non-symbiont, it can be a suitable for all kinds of crop plants as a biofertilizer.

^ssc1 table, 1 ref

017530   Joshi H;Joshi A B;Sati H;Gururaja M P; Subrahmanyam E V S;Satyanarayana D (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575 022) : Hepatoprotective activity of Memecylon umbellatum roots against carbon tetrachloride inducecd hepatotoxicity in rats. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 83-8.

Ethanol extract of the roots of M. umbellatum Burm. (Melastomataceae) was tested for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury model in rats. M. umbellatum root extract exhibit significant hepatoprotective activity that was evident by in vivo studies, histopathological studies and were also supported by functional parameters. i.e. barbiturate sleeping time. Based on results, it was observed that M. umbellatum root extract protect liver from oxidative stress induced by CCl₄ treatment in rats.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

017529   Joshi H;Joshi A B;Sati H;Gururaj M P; Chandrashekar K;Subramanyam E V S;Satyanarayana D (NO, NSG Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer, Deralakatte, Mangalore-574 160) : Anti-inflammatory potential of Memecylon umbellatum root extract. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 11-15.

Anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract obtained from the roots of Memecylon umbellatum Burm. (Melastomataceae) were evaluated using two different models on rats: an acute model by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and a sub-acute model by cotton pellet induced granuloma. The ethanol extract showed a dose-dependent and a significant anti-inflammatory activity in both animal models, and the weight of adrenal glands was also found to be significantly increased in treated animals. The results showed that M. umbellatum root extract has a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in the two test models used in the study.

2 tables, 15 ref

017528   Hazar M (The School of Physical Education and Sports, Gazi Univ, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey, Email: muhsinhazar@yahoo.com) : Effects of intense endurance exercise on serum levels of zinc and copper in elite rowers. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 567-71.

Aims of this study was to investigate serum levels of zinc and copper in well-trained individuals of men's rowing team during and after aerobic maximal intensity endurance exercise. Eleven well-trained young male completed the exercise protocol. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after exercise and 1 h after exercise. Serum was analyzed for Zn and Cu by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. Both of Zn and Cu levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in serum samples collected 1 h after exercise while no significant change (p > 0.05) for Zn and Cu was observed in serum samples collected immediately after exercise in comparison to the resting levels.

4 tables, 11 ref

017527   Eswar Kumar K;Mastan S K;Sreekanth N;Chandra Sekher M (Pharmacology Div, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Influence of crude aqueous extract of Momordica charantia on gliclazide-induced hypoglycemia / antihyperglycemia in normal/alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 99-104.

Since drugs from oriental medicine are used along with allopathic drug therapy in highly populated countries, such as India and China, and since optimal blood sugar control is needed in diabetes, a herbal drug that influences blood glucose was studied for its effect on Gliclazide response in normal and diabetic rats. In the study the safety of the herbdrug combination with respect to blood glucose in animal models was studied. Albino rats of either sex were divided into three groups of six each and were fasted for 18 h prior to the experiment with water ad libitum. Three groups received crude aqueous extract of Momordica charantia (CAM), Gliclazide 1.44 mg/200 g body weight and CAM prior to the administration of G liclazide 1.44 mg/200 g body weight respectively in normal and diabetic rats. All the groups were administered orally. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus at 0 (pre dose) & 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h after drug administration and were analyzed for blood glucose by glucose oxidase/peroxidase (GOD-POD) method. Diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate 100 mg/kg body weight administered by Lp route. Gliclazide produced hypoglycemia in normal and diabetic rats with peak activity at 2 hand 8 h. CAM produced hypoglycemia when given alone and prolonged the effect of Gliclazide in combination during 112 h in normal and diabetic rats without hypoglycemic convulsions. The blood levels and of Gliclazide were not altered in the presence of CAM. The study indicated that the combination can be used safely to obtain prolonged and sustained antidiabetic effect.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

017526   Erdogrul O;Ciftci E;Bozdogan H;Toroglu S (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, 46045 Kahramanmaras, Turkey, Email: storoglu@sku.edu.tr) : Antimicrobial activity of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.). Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 467-70.

Study was designed to examine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa seed by the paper disc agar diffusion method. For this purpose, extracts of Nigella sativa seeds were prepared in ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethanol tested on bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 6538, Listeria monocytogenes SCOTT A, Bacillus megaterium NRS, Micrococcus luteus LA 2971, Bacillus subtilis ATTC 6633, Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 P 41797, Bacillus brevis EMC 33, Escherichia coli ATTC 8739, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATTC 9027, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Entemcoccus faecalis ATCC 15753, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Serratia spp. (isolated in KSU) and Candida albicans ATTC 10194 as in vitro. The results were compared with ampicillin (10 mcg) and nystatin (30 mcg) standards. It was found that inhibitory activity of Nigella sativa seeds showed different levels of antimicrobial activity to all test strains.

1 table, 14 ref

017525   Elgindi M R;Mahmoud I I;Attia H G (Pharmacognosy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan Univ, Cairo, Egypt, Email: mrelgindi@yahoo.com) : Isoflavones and fatty acids from Crotalaria aegyptiacea. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 589-95.

The methanolic extract of Crotalaria aegyptiaca was concentrated and then extracted with chloroform. The ethyl acetate extract from chloroform residue was subjected to chromato-graphic techniques that revealed the presence of genistein, genistin and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-diprenyl isoflavone. The fatty acids detected are capric acid, lauric acid, arachedic acid and myrisitic acid. The major hydrocarbon was proved to be squalene (36.24 %), while the major sterol was cholesterol (3.20 %).

2 tables, 14 ref

017524   Chopra R;Sambaiah K (Biochemistry and Nutrition Dep, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, Email: sambaiah1948@yahoo.com) : Incorporation of long chain n-3 PUFA into rice bran oil by enzymatic acidolysis. J Fd Sci Technol 2009, 46(1), 26-30.

Production of structured lipids by acidolysis of rice bran oil (RBO) with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in hexane was carried out using immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. Long chain n-3 PUFA obtained after hydrolysis of cod liver oil, were used as acyl donors. The study of complex interaction among incubation time and temperature, substrate to molar ratio and enzyme concentration and identification of the optimal combination have been carried out using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) experiments. The experimental data was fitted to a response surface method based on the CCRD, and linear relationship was observed between the predicted and observed values. The optimum conditions generated from the models indicated that maximum incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were ~ 12% at 1:10 molar ratio of RBO: long chain n-3 PUFA, when incubation was carried out for 26 h at 40°C and enzyme concentration was 5.5% of total substrates weight. Incubation time and temperature did not affect the incorporation significantly whereas incorporation of long chain n-3 PUFA into RBO was significantly increased with increase in enzyme concentration and substrate molar ratio.

1 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

017523   Chintu Ravishankar;Promod K;Anoop S (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Pookot, Lakkidi, P.O-673 576) : Isolation of Actinobacillus - Pasteurella group bacteria from a bite wound in a pup. Indian vet J 2008, 85(7), 799-800.

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017522   Chaudhary M;Kulkarni M (Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Dep, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune-411 018, Email: drmayur111@yahoo.co.in) : Molluscum contagiosum in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Indian J dent Res 2008, 19(2), 155-9.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a cutaneous lesion caused by a DNA virus from the poxvirus family. Worldwide in distribution, MC is most frequently encountered as an easily treated disease of childhood and has rarely been a cause of serious morbidity. With the advent of new populations of immunocompromised individuals, especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MC has emerged as a difficult clinical challenge and the focus of renewed interest for dental professionals. Presents four cases of HIV positive patients afflicted by MC along with a review of the literature on this dermatopathological lesion.

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