018128   Gangasuresh P;Sudhakar S;Revathi G;Sugumar S; Pushpa R (Sri Ram Nallamani Yadava College of Arts & Sciences, , Tenkasi-627 804, Email: gng.suresh@gmail.com) : Protein profile of different organelles from Eudrilus eugenine and the storage conditions of denatured protein samples. Res J biol Sci 2009, 1(3), 12-17.

Earthworm is wonderful specimen for the study of regeneration and stem cell biology. Among the studies in molecular biology protein characterization is a challenging field. In protein characterization, protein extraction, and storage are important stages. The present study is on the stability of protein extracted from earthworms at different temperature in storage. In addition, the protein profile of the tail, clitellum and head part of earthworm has been documented using SDS-PAGE.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

018127   Ganga Soundari S;Sashi V (NO, , 12/34A, Bharathi Street Savadipudur, Madukkarai (via), Coimbatore-641 105) : Bacterial xylanases. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 677-82.

Xylanases represents one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes, mainly used in the pulp and paper industries. Thermostable xylanases works at high temperature favours wide range of industrial applications. Xylanases are produced by microorganisms using xylan as a carbon source. The xylans are rich in agricultural residues, making use of such residues as a xylan source will minimize the cost of xylanase production. In this review the source microorganisms and properties of bacterial xylanases are discussed.

3 tables, 61 ref

018126   Frank Peterside N;Sampson T (Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Science, Por Horcourt Univ, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) : Pattern of bacterial contamination of wounds at the federal medical centre, Yenagoa; Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 501-5.

Bacteria associated with wound infection in Yenagoa, Nigeria and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was investigated using standard microbiological techniques. Of the 100 patients investigated, 58 were men and 42 were women. Burn injuries, diabetic wounds, Post Operative Wound Injuries and traumatic wounds were the categories of wound studied. One hundred and one isolates were characterized and identified from the 100 patients. In the overall analysis, S. aureus had the highest frequency (35.6%) E. coli - 26.7%, P. aureginosa - 21.8% and Proteus; 15.8%. The sensitivity result obtained showed that 69.3% of the isolates were sensitive to colostrin sulphae (polymyxin E) and the highest level of resistance was to Ampicillin - 26.7%. There was a high level of resistance. This study highlights the predominant bacterial pathogens among the infected wounds in our locality.

2 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

018125   Frank Peterside N;Alu O (Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Science, Port-Harcourt Univ, Rivers-State, Nigeria) : Antibacterial activity of Nigerian honey: an in vitro study. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 633-7.

The antimicrobial activity of honey from different locations in Nigeria (North, South, East and West) against Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sputum and wound swabs (collected from Niger Hospital and University of Port-Harcourt teaching Hospital all in Port Harcourt) were studied. The method employed was the well-in-agar diffusion assay, which involved the determination of antibacterial activity by measuring the zone of inhibition produced by the different honey samples. The results of these studies revealed antibacterial activity of all the honey samples against the test organisms, with activity increasing as the percentage concentration of honey increased. Honey from the East was found to be most potent against the test organisms by producing a larger zone of inhibition at all concentrations; this was followed by honey from the West, South and finally honey from the North.

5 tables, 11 ref

018124   Dhar T N;Sen Gupta C;Ghosh P D (Cytogenetics and Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Botany Dep, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741 235) : Optimization of DNA isolation protocol in selected cultivars of Sesamum indicum L.. Bionature 2009, 29(2), 63-6.

Genetic analysis of plant is relished on high yield of pure DNA sample. In this paper we present the optimization DNA isolation protocol of selective cultivar of Sesamum indicum. The method involves a modiied CTAB extraction employing PVP yield grinding. Successive long term chloroform : isoamyl alcohol extraction and RNAase treatment with all steps carried out at room temperature. The yield of DNA ranges from 205.2 to 721.2 μg/ml., 231.6 to 781.3 μg/ml and 218.1 to 768.8 μg/ml. of leaf tissue and the purity was 1.65 to 1.79, 1.68 to 1.85 and 1.60 to 1.87 indicating minimal level of contaminating particles. The techniques are ideal for DNA isolation and can be for further molecular studies.

1 illus, 8 ref

018123   Chaudhary U;Aggarwal R (Microbiology Dep, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak) : Intestinal colonization with ESBL-producing bacteria. Indian J clin Pract 2009, 19(10), 22-3.

Detection of ESBL production among organisms in intestinal tract is important as this represents an epidemiological marker.

1 illus, 3 ref

018122   Chaubey S N;Maurya S P;Mishra R;Tripathi (Zoology Dep, S D J P G College, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh-276 128, Email: drsnchaubey@gmail.com) : Effect of starvation on the wet & dry weights of the body and levels of protein and activity of acid phosphatase enzyme of the fat body of the larvae of Corcyra cephalonica staintion (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae). Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(2), 241-5.

A continuous an significant reduction in the body weight (wet and dry) and wet weight and percent proportion of the fat body was observed in the starved larvae with prolongation of starvation period. The percent proportion of fat body did not change significantly in starved larvae until 4th day of starvation but it reduced markedly in the larvae of 6th day of starvation. A significant decrease in the concentration and total amount of protein in the fat body of C.cephalonica with the prolongation of starvation period was found. Activity of acid phosphatase enzyme increased significantly in the fat body of starved larvae with the prolongation of starvation period.

2 tables, 37 ref

018121   Chanthuru A;Yogananth N;Bhakyaraj R;Sasi A; Palanivel S (P G and Research Dep of Microbiology, J J College of Arts and Science, Pudukkottai-622 422, Email: bioyogaa@gmail.com) : Production of antibiotic from tsunami soil isolates of Streptomyces sp at Velanganni, Nagapattinam district. Res J biol Sci 2008, 1(1), 38-43.

Tsunami is usually generated by Sea-floor disturbances associated with volcanic eruptions or land slides. Soil samples were collected from tsunami affected areas and their physico-chemical characters analysed to assess the distribution of bacteria and fungi. It was observed that Tsunami soil has toxic chemicals such as Fe, Pb, Hg etc. A total of 5 genera of bacteria viz; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis and one fungi, Candida albicans were isolated. In addition to these, Actinomycetes members were also enumerated. The chloroform extracts of Streptomyces culture filtrates (50 ppm) were screened for antimicrobial activity. Two streptomyces isolates were used. It was observed that Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were highly sensitive (0.0 to 58.0 mm and 25.00 to 60.81 mm respectively), followed by Bacillus cereus (28 to 42 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (27.0 to 39.62 mm). Inhibitory activity of these isolates appeared to be high for Escherichia coli (10.00 to 30.62 mm) when compared to Bacillus subtilis (11 to 28.62 mm).

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

018120   Bhot M;Saha M;Phatak A;Nandra Chandra (Botany Dep, Birla College, Kalyan-421 304) : Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) blume. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2010, 4(1), 17-24.

Antibacterial activity of three varieties of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume viz. Norwood beauty, Punctatum aureum and Undulatum, against six different bacterial strains including gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. Extracts of fresh leaves, dried leaves and fresh callus derived from leaf were prepared using seven different solvents (Acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and water). Experiments were carried out by well diffusion and disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity was visually recorded by measuring zone of inhibition in millimeters. The zone of inhibition varied with the plant varieties, plant extracts, solvents used for extraction and the organisms tested. The largest zone of inhibition (24.3 mm) was found against Arthrobacter using methanol extract of leaf callus of var. Punctatum aureum.

3 tables, 15 ref

018119   Bhakyaraj R;Vetriselvi J;Sasi A;Yogananth N; Chanthuru A;Palanivel S (P G and Research Dep of Microbiology, J J College of Arts and Science, Pudukkottai-622 404, Email: rbrajbhakya@gmail.com) : Prevalence of microbial inhabitants from cowshed and its control. Res J biol Sci 2008, 1(1), 33-7.

Cow dung contains vast quantities of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Totally four bacterial strains viz; Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Clostridium sp, Staphylococcus sp and five fungal strains viz; Fusarium semitectum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus sydowi were isolated from cow dung with soil and two dominant types of bacteria i.e., Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp and two fungi i.e., Fusarium semitectum, Aspergillusflavus were chosen for treatment with Na₂Co₃.The experimental group showed a higher inhibition spectra in both bacterial and fungal colonies compared with those in the to control groups.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

018118   Anand R;Murugalakshmi C N (Postgraduate and Research Microbiology Dep, , , Email: anand_ramus@rediffmail.com) : Effect of bioparameters in the production of siderophors by pseudomonads. Res J biol Sci 2009, 1(3), 3-11.

Four strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated and characterized from rhizosphere of Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) were evaluated for their ability to produce siderophores, an iron chelating substance having antagonistic activity towards the phytopathogens. The hydxoymate type of siderophores obtained was estimated using Spectrophotometer at 630nm. The effects of pH, temperature, water source, cell mass, carbon source, organic acid, amino acid, nitrogen source and ferrous iron concentration on the production of siderophores were evaluated. Significant differences in siderophore production were revealed while maintaining divergent parameters and chemicals in the basal medium.

9 illus, 17 ref

018117   Amutha C;Subramanian P (Animal Science Dep, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: profsubbus@rediffmail.com) : Tissues damaging effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle on Oreochromis mossambicus. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(2), 235-9.

Certain elements behave differently when their particle size reduced to nano-Ievel and it exerts different impact on the exposed organisms. Such an impact particularly of toxicological could be evaluated through animal models. Then only safe materials can be suggested for various applications including pharmaceuticals. Subsequently create awareness among the public about its ill effect from the environment The effect of oral exposure of ZnO nanoparticles (50-100nm) at different concentrations (70ppm, 80ppm, 90ppm and 100ppm) on O.mossambicus at 12 day duration was evaluated. In this regard the biochemical analysis on every 3 days interval. The tissue damaging effects caused in the ZnO nanoparticle exposed fish was evident from the liver and gill enzyme assays. The tissue damaging level was discernible from the biomarker enzymes modulations in glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All these enzymes level significantly increases with increasing doses at early stages, subsequently a gradual decrease of both ALP and GPT was noted despite increased level of GOT. GOT has been found much more active than GPT. Enzyme activities are based on the formation of oxaloacetate (GOT) or pyruvate (GPT) from aspartic acid and alanine respectively with oxoglutarate. A linear relationship was observed between the enzyme concentration and activity of GOT and GPT, however, GOT showed a maximum activity than GPT.

12 illus, 19 ref

018116   Amirtham D;Satakopan V N (Biochemistry Dep, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 014, Email: amirtham_d@yahoo.com) : Does cadmium toxicity induce oxidative stress in chickpea (Cicer Arietinum. L). Res J biol Sci 2008, 1(1), 44-9.

Investigation was carried out to verify whether Cadmium toxicity could cause oxidative stress in Chickpea. The data indicated decreased germination percentage, root length, shoot length and protein level. Significant accumulation of Proline, an indicator of water stress occurred in the presence of Cadmium along with a gradual increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD. Increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was suggestive of disturbed oxidative metabolism. Cadmium caused a transient depletion of Peroxidase and vitamin C in root, shoot and cotyledon. The data also confirmed the inhibitory effect of Cadmium on Glutathione reductase and Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities especially in the root system of chickpea. But there is a modified pattern of Gutathione reductase and Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was found in the shoot and cotyledon system suggesting the possibility for the presence of isoenzymes. There was no significant change in the shoot Catalase activity but the root and cotyledon Catalase activities were found to be significantly decreased in presence of Cadmium. Results obtained suggested an induction of oxidative stress in germinating chickpea under Cadmium phytotoxicity.

m2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

018115   Agasthya A S;Isloor S;Prabhudas K (Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, , Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024, Email: prabhudas_4@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of Brucella indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in comparison with conventional serological tests in pyrexia of unknown origin cases. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 671-5.

Bracellosis is not an uncommon disease among patients presenting with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) in India. The present study was done at Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Bangalore (India) to interpret the sero-prevalence of brucellosis among Pyrexia of Unknown Origin cases in different parts of Karnataka State (India). Serum samples collected from 1500 patients with a history of chronic fever were subjected to serological tests like Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination Test (RBPT), Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and an indigenously standardized indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i ELISA) by using smooth lipopolysaccharide antigen of Erucella abortus 99. Out of 1500 PUO cases, 204 samples were tested positive for brucellosis. Disease prevalence was 12% in males while 1.6% was in females. The overall prevalence recorded was 13.6%. The disease prevalence was 9.27% in South Karnataka and 4.33% in North Karnataka respectively. The present study showed that brucellosis could be considered an important cause of PUO in India. Indirect ELISA was found to be more sensitive than the conventional RBPT and STAT. The detection of antibodies against Brucella by the indirect ELISA would be of help in detection and treatment of patients in time.

4 tables, 19 ref

018114   Aberomand M;Khirolah A;Aberomand S (Biochemistry Dep, Ahwaz JondiShapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Email: aberumand@yahoo.com) : pH dependant acid phosphatase activity in some plants. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(2), 163-4.

Acid phosphatase activity was studied in Orange (Citrus sinensis)), Onion (Allium cepa), Garlic (Allium sativum) and Sweet lemon (Citrus lemon). With p-nitrophenyl phosphate in phosphate buffer as substrate, acid phosphatase activity shows maximum activity at pH 3.6, 4.4, 3.8 and 4.4 in Orange, Onion, Garlic and Sweet lemon respectively. The highest specific activity was noticed in Sweet lemon as compared to the rest three.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

017206   Vishnu Kumar;et al. (Biochemistry & Pathology Dep, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Email: singhrk23a@hotmail.com) : Hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root in rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(6), 507-10.

The hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (family Malvaceae) root extract was studied on triton and cholesterol-rich high fat diet (HFD) induced models of hyperlipidemia in rats. In triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, feeding with root extract (500 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.) exerted lipid-lowering effect, as assessed by reversal of plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) and reactivation of post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) of plasma. The other model was fed with cholesterol-rich HFD and root extract (500 mg/kg body wt/ day p.o.) simultaneously for 30 days. This also caused lowering of lipid levels in plasma and liver homogenate and reactivation of plasma PHLA and hepatic total lipoprotein lipase activity. The hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis root was compared with a standard drug guggulipid (200 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.), a known lipid- lowering agent in both models. Histopathological findings in rat liver supported the protective role of H. rosa sinensis root extract in preventing cholesterol-rich HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.

1 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

017205   Venkatakrishnan G;Reddy S R R (Chemistry Dep, Massachusetts Univ, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA, Email: gitacenkatakrishnan@hotmail.com) : Arginase isoforms in frog and lizard tissues. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010, 47(1), 13-19.

Isoforms of arginase in the liver and kidney tissues of the ureotelic frog (Rana tigerina) and uricotelic lizard (Calotes versicolor) were fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography (pH 8.3). Four molecular forms, designated as A'₁, A₂, A₃ and A₄ based on the KCl concentration required for their elution from the ion-exchange column, were detected in lizard liver, while only two forms were found in lizard kidney (A₃ and A₄) and frog liver and kidney (A₂ and A₃). No major differences were found in the pH optimum, substrate affinity and molecular weight of the isoenzymes. The isoforms in lizard tissues were either totally unaffected or only partially immunoprecipitated by antibodies raised against rat liver and beef liver arginases, but those in frog tissues were significantly activated by the two antibodies. While the physiological importance of the presence of four isoforms in lizard liver remains enigmatic, different sets of isoenzymes were present in the liver of the two ureotelic vertebrates, rat and frog. Hence, it appeared that a given mode of nitrotelism was not associated with a specific set of isoenzymes. Also, the data were not consistent with the generally held view that a basic isoform of arginase served as a component of the urea cycle in liver and a neutral/slightly acidic form functions in the synthesis of proline, glutamate and polyamines in extra-hepatic tissues. The isoforms appeared to show considerable functional overlap.

7 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

017204   Thampi Raj S;Lipton A P;Chauhan G S (Botany Dep, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Marthandam-629 165, Email: thampi_raj_anu@yahoo.in) : Characterization and infectivity evaluation of Vibrio harveyi causing white patch disease among captive reared seahorses, Hippocampus kuda. Indian J Mar Sci 2010, 39(1), 151-6.

Pathogenic bacterium was isolated from infected parts of the captive reared seahorse. During the present investigation, high mortality with symptoms such as external white patches on the body and anorexic conditions were noted among laboratory-cultured seahorses, Hippocampus kuda. Bacteria isolated from internal organs of infected fish were biochemical homogenized and identified as Vibrio harvei. In infectivity studies with Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, symptoms such as tail rot and erythemia were noted apart from the white skin. The lethal dose for Tilapia with average body weight of 8.8g was 8 x 10^{6 cells/fish, while for seahorse with an average body weight of 6.2 g, it was 4x104 cells/fish.}

2 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

017203   Sudheesh N P;Mathew J;Sweda S;Janardhanan K K (Microbiology Dep, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555) : Ganoderma lucidum ameliorates chronic fatigue induced by he single bout forced swimming in mice. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 169-74.

The study evaluated the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on the skeletal muscle antioxidant status in mice subjected to a single bout of swimming exercise till exhaustion. The effect was evaluated by estimating the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) as well as the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the skeletal muscle of animals orally administered with aqueous-ethanolic extract of G. lucidum (250 and 1000 mg/kg body weight). The effect was compared with that of normal and control group of animals. Vitamin E (200 mg/Kg) was used as the positive control in the study. The results indicated that during single bout of swimming exercise, the levels of GSH as well as the activities of innate antioxidants such as SOD, GPx, and CAT were decreased significantly (P<0.01) than that of normal group. But the administration of G lucidum extract elevated the levels of GSH as well as activities of SOD, GPx and CAT significantly (p<0.01) than that of control group. The effect was partly ascribed to free radical scavenging activity of G. lucidum or may be due to the induction of pathways leading to enhanced synthesis or levels of antioxidant enzymes.

1 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

017202   Siveen K S;Kuttan G (NO, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P O, Thrissur-680 555) : Antitumour and antiinflammatory activity of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex schultes. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 38-43.

Aerva lanata, belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, is an important medicinal plant growing through out the plains of India. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antitumour and antiinflammatory activity of alcoholic extract of Aerva lanata. Alcoholic extract of A. lanata was 100% toxic to DLA and EAC cells at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. The intraperitoneal administration of plant extract at a concentration of 5 mg/dose/animal resulted in a significant reduction in solid tumour development induced with DLA cells and an increase in life span of mice bearing EAC tumour by 35.1%. The extract also showed significant reduction in paw oedema induced by inflammatory agents such as dextran, formalin and carrageenan. Nitric oxide level in the serum of LPS stimulated animals were also reduced by the administration of extract. These studies indicate that the alcoholic extract of A. lanata possesses significant antitumour activity which may be due to high cytotoxicity towards tumour cells. Antiinflammatory activity of the plant suggests the potential therapeutic uses of this plant.

5 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

017201   Singh R B (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Periodate oxidation in water soluble polysaccharides from eltophorum ferrugineum seeds. Bionotes 2010, 12(2), 62.

^ssc1 table, 7 ref

017200   Singh J;Kataria A K (Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner) : Relationship between bacterial species and total somatic cell counts in sub-clinical and latent mastitis in cattle. Indian J Anim Sci 2009, 79(1), 38-40.

From 88 apparently normal milk samples from Rathi cattle native to Bikaner area and its crosses with Jersey and Holstein cattle 11 different combinations of bacterial species were obtained in sub-clinical mastitis whereas it were 4 combinations in latent infections. The study revealed that when there was involvement of mixed infections especially with S. aureus the somatic cell counts were higher.

^ssc1 table, 15 ref

017199   Sharma S B;Tanwar R S;Rini A C;Singh U R; Gupta S;Shukla S K (Biochemistry Dep, Univ Collage of Medical Sciences, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 095, Email: drsbs08@rediffmail.com) : Protective effect of Morus rubra L. leaf extract on diet-induced atherosclerosis in diabetic rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010, 47(1), 26-31.

The antiatherosclerotic effect of aqueous leaves extract of Morus rubra was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with atherosclerotic (Ath) diet [1.5 ml olive oil containing 8 mg (3, 20,000 IU) vitamin D₂ and 40 mg cholesterol] for 5 consecutive days. A short-term toxicity assessment was also conducted in healthy rats to examine toxic effects of the extract. Oral administration of extract to diabetic rats (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight per day for a period of 30 days) produced significant (p<0.001) fall in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with the extract (400 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.001) improvement in body weight and serum lipid profile i.e., total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-choIesterol and VLDL-cholesterol, when compared with diabetic control. Endothelial dysfunction parameters (sVCAM-1, Fibrinogen, total NO levels and oxidized LDL), apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B were significantly (p<0.001) reversed to near normal, following treatment with the extract. Thus, our study shows that aqueous leaf extract of Moms rubra (400 mg/kg) significantly improves the homeostasis of glucose and fat and possesses significant anti-atherosclerotic activity.

5 table, 50 ref

017198   Shaji C;Suvidha S;Bindu L (Botany Dep, Sree Narayana College, Kollam-691 001, Email: bindulajapathi@yahoo.com) : Short term assessment of water quality of Ayroor river (Kerala) with special reference to zooplankton diversity. J envir Sociobiol 2008, 5(2), 157-63.

The study was carried out in Ayroor river (Kerala) to assess the water quality for a period of six months from December, 2006 to May, 2007. Physico-chemical parameters of water and zooplankton diversity were estimated. High values of BOD (10.2-15.6 mg/l), COD (160-230 mg/l), IDS (200-1400 mg/l), free CO₂ (22-88 mg/l), nitrate (1.65-13.99 mg/l) and MPN coliform (5000/100 ml) coupled with low dissolved oxygen content (2-4.2 mg/l), low diversity index (1.170-1.563) and presence of indicator species confirm high organic pollution in the river.

2 tables, 34 ref

017197   Rony K A;Mathew J;Nimitha M C;Janardhanan K K (Microbiology Dep, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala-680 555) : Antioxidant and DNA protective effects of ethyl acetate extract of Phellinus rimosus (Berk) Pilat. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 94-8.

Free radical scavenging activity and DNA protective effects of P. rimosus were investigated. The ethyl acetate extract of P. rimosus showed significant superoxide anion scavenging, Fe^{2+- ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation inhibiting and 2, 2- Diphenyl-1- picryl hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. P. rimosus showed in vitro DNA protective activity as evident from their protective effect on pBR 322 plasmid DNA clevage. Results of the investigations thus indicate that ethyl acetate extract of P. rimosus possessed profound antioxidant and in vitro DNA protecting activity.}

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

017196   Patil P B;Yadav V S;Gaonkar V (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bijapur-586 101) : Influence of family solidarity on life satisfaction of the elderly. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2009, 28(2), 149-51.

The study was carried out in Dharwad district, Karnataka with a sample of 220 elderly persons. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between family solidarity and life satisfaction of the elderly i.e good family solidarity improved the life satisfaction of the elderly and poor family solidarity reduced the life satisfaction of the elderly. Therefore it is evident from the study that amongst all the support, it is the support from the family i.e family solidarity that keeps a person satisfied and contented in life.

2 tables, 5 ref

017195   Manu K A;Kuttan G (NO, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555) : Limonene induces cell cycle delay and apaptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells by activating the intrinsci pathway. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 44-9.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Limonene, a monoterpene on inducing apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells. Treatment of B16F-10 melanoma cells with nontoxic concentration of Limonene could cause G0/ Gl phase delay in cell cycling. Treatment with nontoxic concentrations of Limonene showed the presence of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation in B16F-10 melanoma cells in a dose depended manner. TUNEL assay also confirmed the above result. The apoptotic genes p53 and caspase-3 were found to be upregulated in Limonene treated cells. All these results demonstrate that Limonene induce apoptosis via activation of p53 induced caspase-3 mediated pro-apoptotic pathway.

6 illus, 11 ref

017194   Khan N;Mathur A;Mathur R (Zoology Dep, Govt. S.M.S. Science College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) : Socio-economic and health status of people of Lashkar, Gwalior (India). J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(3), 318-22.

To find out the causative factors effective on the health, it is necessary to have close observation of the socio-ecological status of the specific area. A survey of the city population was made to find out the sanitary habits of the people and conditions of the resources. For this a questionnaire was prepared based on that of NCAER New Delhi. The data was subjected to statistical analysis. Hygienic practices are suggested.

1 table, 7 ref

017193   Jisha Joy;Nair C K K (NO, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555) : Centella asiatica protects DNA and membrane from gamma radiation induced damages: an in vivo study. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 86-93.

Centella asiatica extract is studied for its protective action to DNA and membrane against γ radiation. The hydro-alcoholic extract of C. asiatica (200 mg/ kg body wt) was administered to Swiss albino mice exposed to different doses of γ radiation (2, 4 and 10 Gy). The GSH and GPx levels were estimated in liver and brain tissues of both the extract treated as well as in the irradiated animals. The extract treated animals could restore the reduced glutathione and GPx levels in the irradiated animals. The extent of lipid peroxidation was also found to be reduced in the CAE treated animals compared to the radiation alone treated animals. Comet assay was also performed to analyze the protective effect of CAE against the DNA damage caused by the exposure to radiation. The extract treated animals showed significant protection against the DNA strand breaks as can be evidenced from the comet parameters such as % DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment and olive tail moment. It is evident from the results that the extract of Centella asiatica offered significant protection to DNA and membrane against a radiation.

10 illus, 22 ref

017192   Jayaprakash A;Ebenezer P (Botany Dep, Madras Univ, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Email: aruljaypee@gmail.com) : Investigation on extracellular liase production by Aspergillus japonicus isolated from the paper nest of Ropalidia marginata. Indian J Sci Technol 2010, 3(2), 113-17.

Aspergillus japonicus isolated from the paper nest of Ropalidia marginata was screened for its extracellular lipase production. Maximum lipase activity (120 U/ml) was achieved by manipulating the culture environment. The optimum pH was 7.5 and the temperature was 40°C. Sucrose served as the best carbon source whereas peptone was the best nitrogen source for lipase production. An animal fat, pig fat in the culture medium enhanced lipase production. These investigations will be helpful in further scaling-up processes of this industrial enzyme. Owing to many applications in high-value syntheses and as bulk enzymes, lipases have high impact on bioprocessing.

8 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

017191   Jatwa R;Kar A (School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Univ, Takshashila Campus, Indore-452 017, Email: rjatwa80@hotmail.com) : Effect of metformin on renal microsomal proteins, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in dexamethasone-induced type-2 diabetic mice. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010, 47(1), 44-8.

An SDS-PAGE analysis of renal microsomal fraction of albino mice was performed to study the involvement of proteins in dexamethasone-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and their alterations by metformin, a widely accepted oral antidiabetic drug. In addition, changes in renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as renal somatic index (RSI) and daily rate of water consumption were also investigated. While dexamethasone administration (1.0 mg/kg for 21 days) expressed two renal proteins (43 kDa and 63.23 kDa), in addition to the increased fasting serum levels of glucose and insulin, renal LPO, RSI and daily rate of water consumption, a parallel decrease in renal SOD, CAT and GSH was also observed. Treatment with metformin normalized these alterations including the renal proteins and LPO, confirming its efficacy in ameliorating dexamethasone-induced type-2 DM and also the association of two proteins with type-2 DM.

25 ref

017190   Gomathi;Nair P;Sherief P M (College of Fisheries, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Panangad, Kochi-682 506, Email: nairjr@rediffmail.com) : Antibacterial activity in the accessory nidamental gland extracts of the Indian squid, Loligo duvauceli Orbigny. Indian J Mar Sci 2010, 39(1), 100-4.

Antibacterial activity of accessory nidamental gland-butanol extracts from the Indian squid Loligo duvauceli in different stages of maturity was studied. The activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method using five strains of bacteria. The extracts from ripe stage ANG showed antibacterial activity against gram negative bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. Immature and spent gland extracts did not show any antibacterial activity. Spectrophotometric analysis of the ripe gland extract showed the maximum absorbance at 498.5 nm. This infers the presence of carotenoid pigments which impart the orange red colour to the ripe glands. Thin layer chromatography of the ANG-butanol extract revealed the presence of lipid components such as phospholipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides, fatty acid esters, and cholesteryl esters. The total free fatty acid content was significantly higher in the ripe ANG (16.0 ± 0.143 mg oleic acid/g tissue), in comparison to the immature ANG (10.3 ± 0.114 mg oleic acid/g tissue). Gas chromatographic studies of immature and ripe stages revealed the presence of a mixture of fatty acids. The major unsaturated fatty acids content in the ripe stage was 1.973 mg/gm tissue, whereas in immature stage it was only 0.251 mg/g tissue. Significantly higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in the ripe stage could be the factor responsible for the antibacterial activity of the ANG-butanol extract.

2 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

017189   George J;Smina T P;Vishnu S;Janardhanan K K (Microbiology Dep, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555) : Antioxidant and antitumor activities of Cordyceps sinensis. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 50-5.

Mushrooms are traditionally used in folk medicine in several countries. Cordyceps sinensis is an insect parasitizing mushroom of ascomycete's family. The genus has been shown to produce some potent antitumor agents. In this paper, an attempt is done to discover antioxidant and antitumor activities of 70% ethanolic extract of Cordyceps sinensis. The species has found to have significant antioxidant potential. IC₅₀ value for lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide scavenging and DPPH scavenging assays was found to be 140 μg/ml, 350 μg/ml and 600 μg/ml respectively. Further it has found to have potent cytotoxic and antitumor activity. IC₅₀ for cytotoxicity against DLA cell line was found to be 780 μg/m. Antitumor activity of ethanolic extract is in a dose dependent manner, with no signs of toxicity. The extract when administrated at concentration, 250,500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight after implantation of tumor decreased 23.26%, 37.21 % and 58.18% of tumor volume and 20.5%, 34.12% and 56.82% tumor weight respectively after 4 weeks. The extract at 1000 mg/kg body weight produced comparable results as with standard reference drug cylophosphamide (25 mg/kg body weight). The results suggest potential therapeutic use of this mushroom.

6 illus, 23 ref

017188   Dubey S;Saxena P;Pursotum R K (Chemistry Dep, "A" Grade Govt. Model Science College, Jabalpur, Email: saras_dubey123@yahoo.co.in) : Major isoflavones identification in the root of Pueraria lobata. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(3), 413-20.

Pueraria lobata of Root present in Isoflavones (Pueraria radix) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to mass spectroscopy (MS) using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) in combination with (HPLC-APC1-MS-MS) for identification of glycosides and aglycones. The major glycosides are derived from Daidzein (9) and almost are 8-c-glycosides.3'-hydoroxypuerarin -4'-O-deoxyhexoside(2b) and 3'methoxy-6"-O-D-xylosypuerarin (6) were identified as new constitutes. MS data were obtained for puerarin-4'-O-D-glycoside (1), puerarin (3) 3'-methoxypuerarin (4), 6"-O-D-xylosylpuerarin (5), daidzin (7) and 3'-methoxydaidzin (8), which were previously characterized by NMR analysis. Isoflavones identified in Puerariae radix comprise 3'-methoxydaidzein(10). Genistein (12), daidzein-7-O-methyl ether (13a), formononetin (14), biochanin A (15), was substantiated by data.

2 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

017187   Divakaran S A;Nair C K K (NO, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555) : Enzyme therapy for cancer. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 16-18.

21 ref

017186   Dhindsa S S;Dhaliwal G S;Sood N K;Ghuman S P S (Animal Reproduction Dep, Gynaecology and Obstetric, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab-141 004, Email: dhaliwal1960@rediffmail.com) : Blood biochemical and uterine tissue alterations in relation to duration of dystocia in caesarean-operated bovines. Indian J Anim Sci 2009, 79(1), 30-3.

The study was undertaken to assess some biochemical and uterine histopathological alterations in 41 dystocia affected bovines. The animals were divided into 3 groups, viz. with occurrence of labour pains for <12h (group A; n=12), 12-36h (group B; n=11) and >36h (group C; n=18). Pre-caesarean concentrations of blood histamine, serum ceruloplasmin and plasma creatine kinase were significantly higher in group C in comparison to group A. Concentrations of serum ceruloplasmin and plasma creatine kinase remained elevated during post-caesarean period in animals of group C compared to group A. Uterine histopathology of dystocia affected bovines revealed severe damage to epithelial/ subepithelial, muscular and endometrial glands with increase in duration of dystocia, whereas, superficial inflammatory changes were chronic in delayed cases. In conclusion, elevated blood histamine, serum ceruloplasmin and plasma creatine kinase along with severe uterine damage in delayed cases of dystocia indicated progression towards severe inflammation, stress and possibly peritoneal adhesion formation.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

017185   Dhanya K C;Khanna P K;Nair C K K (NO, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555) : Cellular radioprotecting potential of silver nanoparticle - phytoceutical complex. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 56-62.

Silver nanoparticles (SN) of particle size of less than 50 run were redispersed in aqueous solution of Pluronic F127 and complexed with the phytoceutical, glyzyrrhizic acid (GLY). In vitro and ex vivo models were used to evaluate radioprotecting ability of the obtained nanoparticle- Glyzyrrhizic acid complex (SN-GLY). The SN-GLY, SN and GLY protected pBR322 DNA under in vitro conditions of radiation exposure when exposed in presence of 5 mM GLY or its equivalent silver nanoparticle or their complex. It was also found that SN-GLY, SN and GLY inhibited radiation induced peroxidation of lipids in mouse liver homogenates exposed to 25 Gy gamma radiation up to 82.47%, 57.32% and 75.87% respectively and the cellular DNA was protected against gamma radiation induced damages as the comet parameters such as % DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment and olive tail moment were lower in mouse spleenocytes exposed to 4 Gy gamma radiation. The increased radiation protection potential of the silver-glyzyrrhizic acid complex could be the additive free radical scavenging property - both of glyzyrrhizic acid and silver nanoparticles.

4 illus

017184   Deindl E;Fischer S;Preissner K T (Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Email: elisabeth.deindl@med.uni-muenchen.de) : New directions in inflammation and immunity: the multi-functional role of the extracellular RNA/RNase system. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009, 46(6), 461-6.

In the mid-eighties of the last century, extracellular-proteolipid complexes have been identified in tumor patients and circulating RNA was suggested to represent a specific secretory product of cancer cells. The presence of specific types of RNA in a variety of cancer types proved to be useful in cancer diagnosis. It has been suggested that extracellular RNA and DNA are not inert molecules, but contain biological activities. Recent data have demonstrated that extracellular RNA is likely to present the up to now undefined "natural foreign surface", serving as an initiating factor in blood coagulation in vivo. Yet, extracellular RNA seems to have even more functions. Investigations on blood-brain-barrier have shown that extracellular RNA mediates endothelial permeability. Ample success has been achieved in administrating RNase in different animal models of vascular diseases, thereby significantly delaying thrombus formation and reducing cerebral edema formation with neuroprotection in acute stroke models. Furthermore, extracellular mammalian RNA was found to decrease tumor yield in a murine model system, suggesting that extracellular RNA might trigger immune response. Finally, extracellular nucleic acids were identified as danger signals involved in innate immunity related to neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing and haemocyte activation and coagulation in the insects. Thus, a new area of research on extracellular RNA functions with promising future perspectives just started in the field of inflammation and immunity.

^iia1 illus, 62 ref

017183   Das S K;Mukherjee S;Gupta G;Rao D N;Vasudevan D M (Biochemistry Dep, Agartala Govt Medical College, Kunjaban P.O., Agartala-799 006, Email: drsubirkdas@yahoo.co.in) : Protective effect of reseratrol and vitamin E against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in mice: biochemical and immunological basis. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010, 47(1), 32-7.

The metabolism of ethanol gives rise to the generation of excess amounts of reactive oxygen species and is also associated with immune dysfunction. We examined the efficacy of resveratrol and vitamin E on the immunomodulatory activity and vascular function in mice with liver abnormalities induced by chronic ethanol consumption by measuring the protein, liver-specific transaminase enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymes such as reduced glutathione (GSH) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level, nitrite level, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in mice blood. Ethanol (1.6 g/kg body wt/day) exposure for 12 wks significantly increased TBARS and nitrite levels and GST activity, and significantly decreased GSH content and the activities of SOD, CAT, GR and GPx in whole blood hemolyzate of 8-10 wks-old male BALB/c mice (weighing 20-30 g). Ethanol exposure also elevated the activities of transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT), IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, VEGF-A and TGF-P1, while decreasing the albumin concentration and IL-4 activity in the serum. Both resveratrol (5 mg kg^{-1 day-1) and vitamin E (80 mg kg-1 day-1) treatment significantly reduced AST, ALT, GST, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, VEGF-A and TGF-β1 activities and levels of TBARS and nitrite, and elevated albumin content, GSH level and activities of SOD, CAT, GR and GPx, compared to ethanol-treated group. Thus, results from the study demonstrated that both resveratrol (5 mg kg-1 day-1) and vitamin E (80 mg kg-1 day-1) can effectively ameliorate ethanol (1.6 g kg-1 day-1)-induced oxidative challenges, immunomodulatory activity and angiogenesis processes.}

4 tables, 46 ref

017182   Damodara Reddy V;Padmavathi P;Parmahamsa M; Varadacharyulu N C (Biochemistry Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantpura-515 055, Email: vdp_1975@yahoo.co.in) : Amelioration of alcohol-induced oxidative stress by Emblica officinalis (Amla) in rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010, 47(1), 20-5.

The study was aimed at investigating the ameliorative effect of Emblica (Phyllanthus Emblica. L) fruit extract (EFE) against alcohol-induced oxidative changes in plasma biochemical profile in rats. Alcohol administration (5 g/kg body wt/day) for 60 days resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx), total bilirubin, creatinine, and abnormalities in lipid and lipoproteins. Moreover, alcohol receiving rats showed significantly (P<0.05) lowered plasma total protein, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and uric acid, with no significant change in glucose level. The EFE administration (250 mg/kg body wt/day) to alcohol-administered rats significantly modulated plasma lipids and lipoprotein patterns and also decreased nitrite/nitrate, total bilirubin and creatinine levels. EFE administration to alcohol receiving rats showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma total protein, A/G ratio and uric acid levels. Total cholesterol (r = 0.466), triglycerides (r = 0.574), VLDL-C (r = 0.578), LDL-C (r = 0.225) and total bilirubin (r = 0.419) showed a stronger positive correlation with that of NOx in alcohol-treated rats. The concentration of nitric oxide (NOx) was negatively correlated with HDL-C (r = -0.285) and uric acid (r = 0.392) in alcohol-treated rats. The amelioration of alcohol-induced oxidative stress might be due to the combined effect of phytophenols, such as tannins and flavonoid compounds and vitamin C.

1 illus, 3 tabels, 51 ref

017181   Chattopadhyay R;Pal N K (Microbiology Dep, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata) : Antibiotic resistance among the faecal bacterial isolates of dairy, unorganized and free range cattle. J envir Sociobiol 2008, 5(2), 147-50.

A total of 132 bacterial isolates Escherichia coli obtained from faecal samples of organized dairy, unorganized khatal and free rang animals between May 2007-February 2008 were studied to generate data regarding the prevalence of ESPL (Extended-spectrum β-lactamase) and antibiotic resistant bacterial strains in above three sources. ESβSL production was significantly (p<0.01) more prevalent among organized dairy cattle which indicates selection of resistant E. coli in organized dairy due to abuse of antibiotics.

2 tables, 8 ref

017180   Chachra D;Coote J;Parton R;Jand S K;Arora A K (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science Univ, GADVASU, Ludhiana) : Survivability of Pasteurella multocida B: 2 in complement-dependent antibodymediated bactericidal assay. Indian J Anim Sci 2009, 79(1), 6-8.

The survivability of Pasteurella multocida B: 2 were observed in complement dependent antibody mediated bactericidal assay. The organisms were grown in the presence of specific antibodies against P. multocida B: 2 with and without the supplementation of 2 different sources of complement, viz. fresh bovine serum and guineapig serum. The studies indicated that organisms were not killed and were rather multiplying in any kind of serum, suggesting that complement is not playing a role in the killing of P. multocida B: 2.

2 tables, 6 ref

017179   Ashokan K V;Koshti V V;Angadi S M;Mundaganur D S (Biological Science Dep, PVP College, Kavathe Mahankal, Sangli-416 405) : Effect of childhood food habit and physical activities on health of their old age. J Dairying Fd Home Sci 2009, 28(2), 146-8.

An attempt has been made to study the correlation between the childhood food habit and its impact on the health status in their adulthood. Those who were accustomed to fabricated food items in childhood were prone to fatal diseases like diabetes, heart ailments, obesity, kidney problems etc. in their adulthood. The population which indulged more in fabricated foods resided in urban areas than in rural areas.

6 tables, 10 ref

017178   Ajith T A (Biochemistry Dep, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur-680 555) : Role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Amala Res Bull 2009, 29, 5-15.

Mitochondrial research is presently one of the fastest growing disciplines in biomedicine. In mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as undesirable side products of the oxidative energy metabolism. It has been hypothesized that major factor in the dysfunction of mitochondria results from the defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that results in the stimulation of the mitochondrial production of ROS and damage to mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). Mitochondrial electron transport is an enzymatic source of oxygen radical generation and also a target against oxidant-induced damage. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested the increased productions of oxygen radicals in the failing heart while preserving the antioxidant enzyme activities. ROS induce myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis by activating matrix metalloproteinases. These cellular events play an important role in the development and progression of maladaptive myocardial remodeling and heart failure. Inhibition of oxidative stress and mtDNA damage could be novel and effective treatment strategies for heart failure. There are evidences of beneficial effect of certain antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q10, selenium, carvediol, and L-acetyl-carnitine in heart failure. Over expression of the genes for peroxiredoxin-3, a mitochondrial antioxidant, or mitochondrial transcription factor A, could ameliorate the decline in mtDNA copy number in failing hearts. Based on the recent exciting developments in mitochondrial research, increasing pharmacological efforts have been made leading to the emergence of 'Mitochondrial Medicine'. The targeted and carrier-based delivery of drugs and DNA to mitochondria hardly constitutes a field of research on its own and is still in its infancy.

6 illus, 36 ref

015915   Wale S D (Entomology Dep, Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra) : Enzyme activity in carbamate resistance and different compounds suppressing carbamate resistance. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 50-3.

Synergism of carbaryl methomyl and thiodicarb was tested by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) S.S.S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM) to know the mechanism of carbamate resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. There was greater activity of enzyme Glutathione-S- transferase (GST) in carbaryl and thiodicarb resistance whereas less participation of Esterase and Monooxygenase enzymes. Esterase activity was found responsible for methomyl resistance, whereas GST and Monooxygenase enzymes were found to be less active. Bioassay also showed significant carbaryl resistance suppression by Citronella oil (75 mg/larva). Significant methomyl and thiodicarb resistance suppression was achieved by Sesamum oil (75 mg/larva) and Karanj oil (25 mg/larva).

2 tables, 7 ref

015914   Venkatrayulu C;Kala Rani V;Reddy D C (Fishery Science and Aquaculture Dep, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Influence of commercial probiotics on bacterial (Vibrio) load and total yield in semi intensive Penacus mondon culture ponds. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 117-22.

Major limiting factor-the mass mortality in Penaeus monodon culture has been attributed to the presence of pathogenic bacteria Vibrio in the reating environment. This study presents results on the effect of commercial wate and feed probiotics (Wunapuo-15; Aqualact) on the population density of Vibrio (Yellow was green colonies) bacteria in rearing pond waters and total yield in semi intensive shrimp culture ponds. The results showed that the use of probiotics has reduced Vibrio bacterial count and improved total yield of shrimp. The average Vibrio bacterial (yellow and green colobnies) counts were found to be significantly (P<0.01) lower in probiotic treated (PB) ponds compared to control ponds (CP). The total yield (TY), survival rate (SR%) and average body weight (ABW) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in probiotic treated (PB) ponds compared to countrol ponds (CP). The total yield (TY), survival rate (SR%) and average body weight (ABW) were significantly (P<0.01) higher but food conversion ration (FCR) was significantly (<0.01) lower in probiotic treated (PB) culture ponds than in the control ponds (CP). Comulative feed (CF) did not differ (P>0.05) significantly between control (CP) and probiotic teated (PB) culture ponds. Possible impact of using probiotics on sustainable shrimp culture is discussed.

5 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

015913   Venkata Rathnamma V;Vijayakumar M; Chamudeswaramma K V;Philip G H (Zoology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar-522 510) : Activity of glycolysis enzymes in fresh water fish Labeo rohita exposed to deltamethrin. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 557-61.

Freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to deltamethrin in lethal (lppm) and sublethal (0.lppm) concentrations to study the activity level of glycolysis enzymes like Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and aldolase. To estimate the activity of these three enzymes in different tissues like liver, gill and muscle were taken. Activity level was increased in all the enzymes and liver was responded more than that of other tissue like gill and muscle in total exposure periods of lethal and sublethal concentrations of Deltamethrin over controls in day 4^{th of lethal treatment (Hexokinase +48.78%, phosphofructokinase +51.46%, and aldolase +53.48%). Deltamethrin exposure in three tissues like liver, gill and muscle activity of increment was decreased in sublethal concentrations, when compared to lethal concentrations of deltamethrin exposure.}

1 table, 23 ref

015912   Vaghmare J;Wanule D;Gachande B D;Sirsikar A N (Life Sciences Dep, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded-431 602) : Mycoflora of currency notes. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 24-5.

Study carried out at Nanded city (M.S.) revealed contamination of currency notes by fungal pathogens i.e. Aspergillus niger (38.46%), A. flavus (17.94%), A. nidulans (7.69%), Penicillium citrinum (2.56%), Alternaria tenuis (7.69%), Curvularia pallescens (2.56%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (2.56%), Rizopus stolonifer (2.56%), Aspergillus sp. 1 (15.12%), Aspergillus sp. 2 (22.56%), Candida albicans (2.56%) and white sterile mycelium (2.56%), Prevention and control of fungal contamination through currency notes is essential to protect public health.

1 table, 9 ref

015911   Uma C;Gopalakrishnan V K (Biochemistry Dep, Karpagam Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 021, Email: c_uma@yours.com) : Invertase production and characterization from Penicillium spp., using pomegranate peel waste. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 553-6.

Invertase production by penicillium spp., at varying pH, temperature, period of incubation was studied by using Czapek Dox as basal medium. Sucrose in the medium was substituted with pomegranate peel waste. The effect of metal ions of invertase was also carried out. The results of the study revealed that the production of invertase was maximum on the 5th day of incubation at an optimum pH of 5.0 and optimum temperature of 40°C. Purification of invertase was carried out using ammonium sulfate, dialysis followed by acetone precipitation. Protein content and thermal stability of the purified invertase was determined.

3 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

015910   Theng A D;Gajare K A;Deshmukh A A (Zoology Dep, Govt. Rajaram College, Kolhapur, Email: ashish_cellbio@rediffmail.com) : Protective effects of in vitro supplementation of ascorbic acid on plasma membrane, acrosomal membrane and mitochondrial activity index of human spermatozoa. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2009, 3(3), 291-6.

Spennatozoa were the first type of cells reported to produce free radicals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated damage to sperm is a significant contributing factor to male infertility. Impaired motility, impaired fertilization and oxidative DNA damage are three inter-related mechanisms that account for oxidative stress mediated male, infertility. Spermatozoa lack cytoplasmic antioxidant defense due to exclusion of cytoplasm and therefore rely upon antioxidants present in the seminal plasma. Centrifugation of a semen sample prior to its use for intra-uterine insemination (ICI) and in vitro Fertilization (IVF) induce oxidative stress. Therefore there is need to supplement the semen with antioxidants. In the present investigation attempts were made to r study the effects of in vitro supplementation of p non-enzymatic antioxidant ascorbic acid on n sperm plasma membrane integrity, acrosome A intactness and mitochondrial activity index. IT There was highly significant (p<0.00l) improvement in these parameters that relate to d: healthy state of the spermatozoa.

1 table, 35 ref