LEKSHMI S, SWAPNA T S
042242 LEKSHMI S, SWAPNA T S (Botany Dep, Kerala Univ, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, Email: swapnats@yahoo.com) : In vitro anticancer potential of Anaphyllum wightii Schott. against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cell lines and molecular docking studies of β-sitosterol. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(8), 522-6.
Cancer is the second most life threatening noncommunicable disease in humans that challenges the mankind with its multifactorial etiology. Even though various treatment strategies such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc. are commonly used for this disease, researches are being focussed on developing plant-derived novel anticancer compounds that lack side effects. There were no previous reports on the anticancer potential of the ethnomedicinally important plant Anaphyllum wightii Schott. (Araceae). Hence, in the present study, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of A. wightii on Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) tumor cell line. Interestingly, the acetone extract of rhizome showed much lower LC50 value (14.27 μg/ mL) for the DLA cell line compared to that of normal rat spleen cells (1189.23 μg/mL), revealing its significant anticancer potential. The molecular docking analysis showed β-sitosterol, present in the rhizome, as a promising lead molecule for the development of cytochrome P450 1 A1 inhibitors, which may provide potential anticancer agents.
2 illus, 1 table, 33 ref
UJJANIA N C, SONI N
042239 UJJANIA N C, SONI N (Aquatic Biology Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat - 395 007, Gujarat, Email: ncujjania@vnsgu.ac.in) : Age structure, growth rate and exploitation pattern of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham. 1822) in Vallabhsagar reservoir, Gujarat, India. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(7), 498-501.
Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.1822), one of the Indian major carps widely distributed in Indian inland waters, has considerable aquaculture potential. Knowledge on factors such as age, growth and exploitation pattern is important in fisheries management. Here, we investigated the age structure, growth increment and exploitation pattern of mrigal in Vallabhsagar reservoir, Gujarat (India). Age composition of the studied fish was 1+ to 9+ age groups with mean total lengths 40.78, 50.99, 59.82, 66.32, 70.72, 74.56, 77.80, 80.22 and 82.50 cm. The corresponding growth rate in terms of length were 40.78, 10.21, 8.83, 6.50, 4.40, 3.84, 3.24, 2.42 and 2.28 cm observed for these age groups. The growth increment was maximum at the initial age group whereas it was moderate to low in the subsequent years of the age. The exploitation patterns of fish were 3.94 for +1, 32.02 for +2, 22.17 for +3, 25.12 for +4, 2.96 for +5, 6.16 for +6, 4.43 for +7, 2.46 for +8 and 0.74 % for +9 age classes. Results depict that exploitation pattern of fish was high at early age fish stock than the higher age classes. The exploitation pattern for 1+ to 3+ age classes was 58.13 %, and 41.87 % contributed by 4+ to 9+ age classes. Higher catch rate of younger fishes is not a good sign for natural stocking of fish i.e., mrigal in the Vallabhsagar reservoir.
4 illus, 1 table, 27 ref
GEROCS A, NEMES-BARNAS K, PAL S, SZOKE B, MAJER J, FARKAS T, OLASZ F
042235 GEROCS A, NEMES-BARNAS K, PAL S, SZOKE B, MAJER J, FARKAS T, OLASZ F (Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Badacsonytomaj, Hungary, Email: olasz.ferenc@abc.naik.hu) : Isolation and characterization of yeast strains from Badacsony, Hungary. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(7), 461-73.
In modern winery, starter strains are used for wine making to avoid the risk of slow or incomplete fermentation. However, application of commercial starter yeasts sometimes leads to a uniform character of the wines. On the other hand, indigenous (“terroir”) strains are adapted better to local conditions highlighting the specific taste of wine. In this study, we isolated local yeast strains from Badacsony wine region of Hungary and investigated with microbiological and molecular biological tests in order to develop indigenous starter selection method. As many as 480 yeast strains were isolated and grouped using carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. Finally, 80 selected isolates were characterized for important oenological features, including tolerance of glucose, ethanol and acetic acid. Fermentation ability, killer toxin, hydrogen sulfide and acid production of 80 selected isolates were also tested. Isolates were studied by applying two molecular methods based on rRNA gene sequencing and analysis of Ty retrotransposon's delta elements in case of Saccharomyces strains. Our results have shown that the isolated strains belong to 15 yeast species of 8 genera, and the diversity of yeast population was significantly high in the investigated vineyard. We have found that selection for technological properties was a potential way to find suitable strains from the local microbiome, because a high proportion of isolated wild yeast strains show beneficial oenological properties for wine making. Further, we studied 35 available starter yeasts to avoid re-isolation and we identified only 3 starter yeasts from grape and must samples, which can be considered as very low incidence.
6 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref
GOYAL D, RATHER S A, SHARMA S C, MAHMOOD A
042233 GOYAL D, RATHER S A, SHARMA S C, MAHMOOD A (Biochemistry Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh - 160 014, Email: akhtarmah@yahoo.com) : In vitro anticariogenic effect of gallic acid against Streptococcus mutans. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(7), 445-51.
Involvement of Streptococcus mutans in the pathogenesis of dental caries among human populations is well established. Here, we studied the effect of gallic acid, a naturally occurring polyphenol on certain cariogenic activities of S. mutans. Gallic acid inhibited the glycosyltransferase activity, a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism by 27-36 % in S. mutans. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gallic acid (136 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of S. mutans by 50 %. About 0.4 mM of the polyphenol reduced biofilm formation by 40 %, hydrophobicity 60 % and acid production 36 % by the organism under in vitro growth conditions. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that in absence of gallic acid, the cells were present as clumps, however in the presence of gallic acid (68 µg/mL), they were well segregated due to the inhibition of biofilm formation. The present findings suggest that gallic acid has cariostatic activity against S. mutans, which may have potential application in prevention of dental caries.
2 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref
ZHI X, LU L, PU Y, MENG A, ZHAO Y, CHENG F, JIANG J, XU J L, ZENG Y
042231 ZHI X, LU L, PU Y, MENG A, ZHAO Y, CHENG F, JIANG J, XU J L, ZENG Y (Nanjing Medical Univ Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China, Email: nei85818141477@163.com) : Investigation and analysis of psychological stress and professional identity of nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian J Exp Biol 2020, 58(6), 426-32.
Certain diseases or infections affect large number of people in short span of time. A local endemic disease can outbreak into an epidemic affecting the whole population or region which at times extend to other countries and continents and become pandemic. Pandemics results in loss of life as well as economy. Pooled efforts and resources, effective sharing of data, parallel multiple approaches as well as physical and mental state of front line staff influence management of pandemics. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 started in December 2019 from Wuhan in China, is now a worldwide public health emergency affecting millions of people.It affects many frontline healthcare workers too. Here, we studied psychological stress and professional identity of nursing students for possible correlations, if any, and analyze influencing factors. We used purposive sampling technique with 415 nursing students in Nanjing, China through a general information questionnaire, perceived stress scale and nursing professional identity questionnaire. Students' origin, monthly living expenses and their knowledge on epidemic prevention and treatment have shown a significant impact on their psychological stress (P <0.01). Similarly, students' gender, origin, clinical practices and knowledge of prevention and treatment, and whether they actively learn such knowledge impact significantly on their professional identity (P <0.01). The overall score of psychological stress was (24.47±7.35) and professional identity had 72.47±8.07. The stress condition exhibited negative correlation with the degree of professional identity (P <0.01,r = -0.457). Increased psychological stress, had lower sense of professional identity. Overall, analysis of data on perceived stress and professional identity pandemic suggests that stress levels are inversely proportional to knowledge in effective ways of handling the pandemic. Students with clinical practice fared better in terms of professional identity. The study suggests nursing students to stay focused on studies, clinical practice and counselling, if required.
3 tables, 33 ref
ARIANMAL M S , WAHIDAKARIME
044100 ARIANMAL M S , WAHIDAKARIME (Biology Dep, Paktia Univ, Paktia, Gardiz, Afghanistan) : Mammals justification of Kabul province reported to be in (vulnerable) and (near threat) condition. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2020, 7(1), 185-9.
The present research was conducted to study the mammals (least worry, vulnerable and near threat) of Kabul province. Our current research is based on IUCN reports and data from within the country during the year 1398. Studies carried out by domestic and foreign researchers over the past 30 years have shown that from the Lynx cat family to the Bear family, the Black Bear family to the rat leopard, and the Uuri ram to the VU cattle family are thus vulnerable to VU. Confirmation of IUCN's in-country report of Siagush's presence in the area of Stalef, a species brought to Kabul Zoo that has limited their numbers, and leopard mice were not identified during the investigation but local people in DehSabz district For the past 20 years, they have been remembering and still keeping Ural rams near the Saffi Mountain for 30 years. They have passed the past. Animals that are in close proximity to the threat (NT). From the hyena family is the hyena, from the cat family to the kitten and from the cow family to the maroo deer. Confirmed by (IUCN Red lest) in Kabul, no calories have been seen in Kabul province for the past 20 years, and a mere report of a Paghman district reporting the existence of a catfish over the past 5 years and a species of marsh Kabul Zoo Preserved Reporting The zoo was taken from a flat mountain.
7 illus, 15 ref
NARGIS F , KAUR S , ALI A, HAQ Q M R
044095 NARGIS F , KAUR S , ALI A, HAQ Q M R (Biosciences Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi) : Antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of ESBL producing isolates of escherichia coli in hospital sewage water of South Delhi, India.. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2020, 7(1), 161-5.
Extended spectrum β - lactamase (ESBL) producing strains of E. coli have caused paramount therapeutic problems globally as majority of them are resistant to variety of antibiotics. In this study, the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out to assess the resistance patterns offered by the 70 E. coli isolates to seven different antibiotics and to conduct phenotypic screening for ESBL producing E. coli strains cultured from the hospital sewage water of South East Delhi during 2017-2018. The Phenotypic screening for ESBL production using preliminary and PDCT revealed 35 (50 %) out of 70 E. coli isolates as ESBL producers and remaining samples were considered as non-ESBL producers. Further, the presence of genes responsible for ESBL in E. coli was confirmed by PCR based techniques. Based on our results, it is recommended that prescription of oxyimino-cephalosporins should be restricted to susceptible isolates and that the use of other effective antibiotics must be considered. There is also a necessity of constant and regular antimicrobial sensitivity surveillance for the presence of ESBL genes. Preliminary disinfection of the hospital sewage before it exits the premises will assist in minimizing the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria to the environment.
4 illus, 1 table, 27 ref
DANIEL C , WEISS J , DIMITY C
044093 DANIEL C , WEISS J , DIMITY C ( Microbiology and Immunology Div, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany) : CD4 T follicular helper cells in HIV. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2020, 7(1), 154-6.
HIV infects millions of individuals worldwide, and new things still emerge. Once infected, the virus cannot be cleared by the system and causes non-heritable immunological disorder syndrome. Combination antiretroviral therapeutic program effectively suppresses microorganism replication and halts malady progression. The treatment, however, doesn't eliminate the virus-infected cells, and interruption of treatment inevitably leads to microorganism rebound. The rebound virus originates from a gaggle of virus-infected cells named because the cellular reservoir of HIV. Distinctive and eliminating the HIV reservoir can stop microorganism rebound and cure HIV infection. During this review, we tend to concentrate on a recently discovered HIV reservoir during a set of CD4+ T cells referred to as the vesicle helper T (TFH) cells. We tend to describe the probable mechanisms for the looks of reservoir in TFH cells, and therefore the ways to focus on and eliminate this microorganism reservoir.
9 ref
PAYAL N, BROOR S, MAHESHWARI M
045546 PAYAL N, BROOR S, MAHESHWARI M (Microbiology Dep, SGT Univ, Gurgaon, Haryana) : Prevalence of candida species isolated from clinical specimens: A study from a tertiary care hospital in North India. JK Sci 2020, 22(4), 175-80.
Candida species are not only normal commensals of skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract but may also cause a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from muco-cutaneous involvement to life-threatening systemic infections. In the last decade or so prevalence of non albicans candida (NAC) species is increasing which are intrinsically more resistant to antifungals and thus it is important to speciate the candida isolates. To determine the prevalence rate of Candida infections and to compare the conventional methods with CHROM Agar for identification of Candida species. The present study was carried out to isolate Candida species from various clinical samples received at the Department of Microbiology, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute over a period of 2.5 years and to carry out their speciation using conventional methods and CHROM agar. The Candida species were characterized using conventional methods such as Gram’s stain, culture characteristics, Germ tube test, chlamydospore production, thermos-tolerance, carbohydrate fermentation- assimilation and growth on CHROM Agar. Results: Of a total of 7903 clinical samples which included urine, sputum, high vaginal swab and pus, Candida species were isolated from 200 (2.53 %) specimens. C. albicans [80 (40 %)] was the most commonly isolated species followed by C. tropicalis [56 (28 %)], C. glabrata [31 (15.5 %)], C. kefyr [15(7.5 %)], C. krusei [14(7 %)] and C. parapsilosis [04(2 %)]. By using CHROM Agar medium, results obtained were similar to conventional methods for all species except C. parapsilosis and C. kefyr, as CHROM agar cannot differentiate between C. kefyr and C. parapsilosis as they both produce pink coloured colonies. The rapid method, CHROM Agar does help in quick and easy identification of Candida species but might fail in determining the exact species because of the same colour representation by some of the Candida species.
5 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref
CHALAK A, SABHARWAL R, BANGAR M, MAHAJAN A
045544 CHALAK A, SABHARWAL R, BANGAR M, MAHAJAN A (Biochemistry Dep, Seth G.S. Medical Coll and K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai) : Impact of Covid-19 on biochemical parameters: A narrative review. JK Sci 2020, 22(4), 163-8.
Coronaviruses have been a major threat to public health globally since last decades. Coronaviruses are enveloped and positive-stranded RNA genome. After SARS and MERS, SARS-CoV-2 is the third known coronavirus causing fatal respiratory diseases in humans. In the initial stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical features are quite nonspecific and not all suspected patients can be tested to exclude or confirm the diagnosis. The clinical course of the disease may cause changes in laboratory parameters. Early identification of causative agent SARS-CoV-2 and monitoring the blood biochemical parameters helps in assessment of disease severity and proper monitoring of the disease. In this review, the research studies on biochemical markers in COVID-19 till 31st August 2020 are retrieved and selected articles are reviewed. These data are extremely important in assessing the evolution of the disease, prognosis and directing therapeutic interventions. In the view of that the present study aimed to discuss the impact of biochemical markers in COVID-19.
46 ref
SHARMA M, CHAKRAVARTI A, BROOR S, PRAVEEN G
045541 SHARMA M, CHAKRAVARTI A, BROOR S, PRAVEEN G (Microbiology Dep, SGT Univ, Gurugram, Delhi-NCR) : Biomedical waste management: A study of knowledge, attitude, and practice among medical, dental and nursing students in a teaching College. JK Sci 2020, 22(3), 141-6.
Bio-medical waste is perilous and can be a health hazard. Medical, dental and nursing graduates spend maximum time during their clinical posting with the patients which increases their chance of exposure and risk related to biomedical waste. Therefore, they need to be aware about biomedical waste management. To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) regarding biomedical waste management among medical, dental and nursing students. This cross-sectional study was carried out to access the knowledge and awareness about biomedical waste. The structured self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Out of the total 300 students enrolled in this study (Group I: Medical, Group 2: Dental, Group 3: Nursing students), 20 medical 13 dental and 23 nursing failed to respond to the questionnaire. MBBS students had more knowledge but better attitude towards BMW management guidelines were seen in nursing students (p<0.001). 86 % of the participating candidates had correct knowledge about definition of BMW. Only around 38 % of candidates had knowledge of segregation of waste but none had knowledge of correct colour coding. 88 % of candidates confirmed that record maintenance was essential but they did lack to answer what kinds of records are important to maintain for biomedical waste management. 94 % of the participating candidates said that BMW is teamwork. There is a need for rigorous training programme and monitoring for medical students.
1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref
MEHTA S, KUMAR A, SINGH V A, THAKUR J R, KUMAR H
045525 MEHTA S, KUMAR A, SINGH V A, THAKUR J R, KUMAR H (Microbiology Dep, MM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Ambala, Haryana) : Central venous catheter-related blood stream infections: Incidence, risk factors and associated pathogens in a University Hospital ICU. JK Sci 2020, 22(2), 55-60.
Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) are indispensable in current intensive care treatment; also pose a greater risk of device related infections in comparison to any other type of medical device and are major cause of morbidity, mortality and increased expense. A cross sectional prospective study of one year duration was conducted in the tertiary care University Hospital ICU located in the rural region of Haryana, India, to determine the incidence of the central venous catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), rate of catheter colonization and to identify the associated risk factors and the microbial spectrum of CRBSI along with the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of microbial isolates. Sixty patients with central venous catheter inserted and admitted under ICU having signs and symptoms of septicaemia post 48 hours of central venous catheter insertion were included. The rate of CRBSI was assessed by paired quantitative blood culture method in the CVC and peripheral vein. The CRBSI incidence was 16.67 % and catheter colonization was found to be 53.3 %. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumanni were the predominant isolates. A statistically significant association of duration of catheterization with CRBSI was found. It is concluded that CRBSI incidence is high, with significant association of prolonged duration of catheterization with CRBSI. By knowing the changing trends of microbial flora, empirical therapy can be formulated for early and effective management of CRBSI.
3 tables, 21 ref
KAMEL R H, AL- TAEE A A
046766 KAMEL R H, AL- TAEE A A (Babylon Univ, Hillah, Iraq) : Iron oxide nanoparticles induced histological alteration and fetal skeletal abnormalities in the embryo of albino rats. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194712.
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticle(NP) on the brain, liver, spleen and vertebral colum in the embryo of albino rats at the age of 19 day of pregnancy . The study included twenty (20) embryos divided into two groups ,treated and control group . The results of the histological study reveled the existence of histological alteration in the brain, liver, spleen and vertebral colum of treated groups compared with controls .
4 illus, 23 ref
AL-SAADI S A M, AL-MUSSAWI K A M, MUHAMMED H A
046762 AL-SAADI S A M, AL-MUSSAWI K A M, MUHAMMED H A (Biology Dep, Kerbala Univ, Karbala, Iraq) : Molecular identification of sarcocystis species infection in sheep in karbala Governorate – Iraq. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194708.
Sarcocystis spp. are causative agents of ovine muscular stiffness, myopathies and/or inflammations of the mucosa of the intestine, , diaphragm Heart and skeletal muscles , which are generate important economic loss when causing clinical and subclinical cases, ovine Sarcocystis spp. are a protozoan parasite of worldwide distribution transmitted by canids, most commonly associated with subclinical infection in sheep, our study were described in unorganized five different localities in Karbala governorate for sheep Sarcocystis spp. investigation and classified in to two ages groups, less than 18 months-old and over 18 months-old, Macroscopic and microscopic and certain biochemical tests were used for parasite observation, Molecular assay PCR assay was used to confirm this protozoan, Currently, PCR assay based on certain regions of the cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences is considered and used widely as an inexpensive, rapid and precise molecular approach to identify the Sarcocystis spp.
3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref
AL-IBRAHEMI N, HASAN R M, ALSLMAN K
046761 AL-IBRAHEMI N, HASAN R M, ALSLMAN K (Biology Dep, Kufa Univ, Kufa, Iraq) : Effect of zinc oxid nanoparticles on the oxidative stress (Malonaldehyde MDA, Lipid Peroxidation Level LPO) and antioxidants (GSH glutation). Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194707.
The plant was selected as the source of the nanoscale study because it possesses more chemical compounds than the other plants,ZnO nanoparticles ( ZnONPs) were prepared from the plant Artemisia herba alba extract and from the flavonoid compound. The samples were diagnosed by Atomic Force Microsco (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy , and effect ZnONPs the synthesis from Artemisia herba alba extract , from the flavonoid compound , Artemisia herba alba and flavonoid on the criteria for oxidative stress (Malonaldehyde MDA, Lipid peroxidation level LPO) and antioxidants (GSH glutation) were determine effective time and effective dose. The results showed that MDA and LPO showed a significant decrease compared with the control group, while the period of 32 days showed a significant decrease compared to 62 days. The analysis of GSH found that the coefficients of the study showed a significant increase compared with the control, while the period of 32 days showed a significant decrease compared with 62 days.
4 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref
ALASADIY Y D K, ALHASNAWI A N, EABAID F A
046758 ALASADIY Y D K, ALHASNAWI A N, EABAID F A (Biology Dep, AL- Muthanna Univ, Samawah, Iraq) : The prevalence of parasitic infection in domestic chicken: A review. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194434.
The relative contribution of poultry to total animal protein production in the world is increasing, the major increase in developing countries. Many types and species of ectoparasites and Endoparasites are known to infect chickens; one of the actual problems that cause economic bias in animal farms and rural areas that raise chickens annually is parasitic diseases. The common parasitic infections that occur in poultry can divided to External parasites include arthropods Lice ,Mites, Fleas and Ticks which isolated from skin and feathers Internal parasites include protozoa ,cestodes, nematodes, trematodes which isolated from digestive tract, blood and Pooled poultry droppings. The external and internal parasites that infected hosts possess features such as small size, cylindrical body, hook and hard body, enhance their adaptation to the long life and effect on the poultry industry by affecting the growth rate of chickens, leading to little eggs production, and death in severe infections. Prevalence of helminthic infection (cestodes and nematodes infect by digestive tract) was highly in farms and rural areas chickens from the different studies in different sites in the world, followed by protozoa infection by blood, followed by arthropodic infection by skin and feathers and followed by prevalence by trematodes .
2 tables, 42 ref
SINGH W S, SINGH T N , SINGH N B
045513 SINGH W S, SINGH T N , SINGH N B (Microbiology Dep, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur, Email: nabakr@rediffmail.com) : CD4+t lymphocyte response in HIV-TB syndemic. JK Pract 2020, 25(1-4), 16-20.
HIV-TB co-infection continues to be a dual threat worldwide. To assess impact of ATT/ART treatment on CD4+T lymphocytes counts among HIV-TB co-infected patients. A prospective longitudinal study on a total of 104 HIV and TB coinfected patients was conducted from November, 2017 to October, 2019, in the Department of Microbiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Hospital, Imphal, Manipur, India . Diagnosis of HIV was made as per NACO guidelines, Govt. of India using rapid kit tests. Diagnosis of TB was made as per RNTCP guidelines, Govt. of India. Estimation of CD4 cell counts was carried out by FACS count machine. Follow up of cases done after six months of initiation of ATT/ART. In this study, there were 104 co-infected patients of HIV–TB. Out of the 104 subjects, 67 (64.4 %) were from the rural area and the remaining 37(35.6 %) were from urban area. There were more of males (72, 69.2 %) than the females (32, 30.8 %). The maximum number of co-infected patients were 46(42.2 %) in the age group of 35-45 years. There were 58 cases of pulmonary TB, 41 cases of extra pulmonary TB and 5 cases of both. All the patients were on ATT and ART therapy. The 2nd CD4 count (283.59 cells /mm3 ) estimations after six months of therapy increases as compared to that of 1st CD4 counts (181.90 cells /mm3) and found statistically significant (p value = 0.0001). In the present study, there was improvement in CD4 counts after the coinfected patients were put on six months ATT/ART therapy. However regular monitoring of CD4 counts is highly required to avoid from other opportunistic infections.
2 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref
KUMAR M, NANDI S
042084 KUMAR M, NANDI S (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical Univ, Kashipur - 244 713, Email: sisir.iicb@gmail.com) : Prediction of agonist, partial agonist and full antagonist of H. pylori TlpB utilizing molecular docking. Indian J Chem Sec B 2020, 59B(05), 669-76.
Helicobacter pylori infections are one of the major issues that produce gastric and duodenal ulcers due to chronic gastritis. Deforestation and global warming may cause ecological imbalance followed by climatic change due to enhanced temperature. This may contribute to abdominal discomfort and gastritis specifically in case of in taking a lot of non-vegetables, fast and junk foods, oily and spicy foods. H. pylori, which is asymptomatic for almost 80 % of people’s gastrointestinal tract (G.I.T.), may be stimulated due to chronic gastritis. It has been associated with colorectal polyps and cancer, if not treated well. Therefore, attention has been paid to predict some urea compounds as H. pylori antagonists utilizing structure-based molecular docking. Earlier reports of such work do not exist.
7 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
SATHYANARAYANA K, SANGANNAVAR P A
045498 SATHYANARAYANA K, SANGANNAVAR P A (Central Silk Board, Bengaluru-560 068, Karnataka, Email: skutala@yahoo.com) : Effect of soil amendments on biochemical and micronutrient status of mulberry (Morus alba l.) under alkali soils. J Cell Tissue Res 2020, 20(1), 6861-7.
Biochemical analysis of mulberry leavesfortotal proteins, total carbohydrates, minerals, reducing sugars and micro-nutrients viz., iron, zinc & copper, were carried out in reclaimed alkali soil with inorganic and organic amendments ofsouth India. The resultsshowed thatsoil properties and nutritional status were improved with decrease in soil pH, Ec, ESP, SAR. Maximum improvement was noticed in soil reclaimed with oraganic amendment (pressmud). Performance of the mulberry genotypes under reclaimed as well as unreclaimed soil conditions indicated that biochemical parameters, and micronutrient status of leaves are found to be dependent on both reclamation treatment and the mulberry genotypes. Though significant variation among mulberry genotypes with respect to biochemical parameters and micronutreint were observed in the same reclamation treatments, yet the effect of different reclamation treatments was evident by average increased gain in the reclamation treatment with organic amendment and reclamation treatment with inorganic amendment. From the present study, it is clear that the overall performance of the mulberry genotypes with respect to all the parameters improved significantly, when organic amendment, pressmud was considered. Out of the test genotypes and checks employed in the present study, it was observed that response of the genotype, AR-12 was superior with respect to all the traits in alkali soil. The study indicated the suitability of AR-12 in alkali soils and its superiority is further boosted up when the soil is reclaimed with pressmud.
3 tables, 45 ref
GUPTA P D, TYAGI S
045497 GUPTA P D, TYAGI S (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Email: pdg2000@hotmail.com) : Development of immune system from new born to adult: A new insight. J Cell Tissue Res 2020, 20(1), 6853-60.
Certain antibodies can pass through placenta and therefore the new born baby carries some immunoglobulins at the time of birth to protect from worldly pathogens, this natural passive immunisation does not long last and new born has to develop immune system of its own. The fully grown immune system loses its capacity in old age. The immune system modify according to the needs of the body’s physiology and pathology. For example during pregnancy, auto immune diseases and cancer the system is not normal.
4 illus, 41 ref
VADIVELAN G, GOHULAVANI G, SARAVANABHAVAN M, MURUGESAN V, SEKAR M
042037 VADIVELAN G, GOHULAVANI G, SARAVANABHAVAN M, MURUGESAN V, SEKAR M (Chemistry Dep, Ethiraj Coll for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: gohulavanigg@gmail.com) : Benzimidazolium picrate single crystal: Synthesis, growth, characterization and their biological activity. Indian J Chem Sec A 2020, 59A(09), 1305-12.
Knowledge on charge-transfer complexes of drugs is important to understand the drug-receptor binding mechanism. Here, we have been synthesized the organic charge transfer complex of Benzimidazolium picrate (BP) and confirmed its molecular structure and carbon skeleton by 1H and 13C NMR spectral analysis. Asymmetric unit of BP consists of one benzimidazolium cation and a monovalent anion of picric acid. Decomposition pattern and thermal stability BP have been investigated using TG/DTA analysis. The interaction of the compound with calf thymus DNA is investigated by electronic absorption spectroscopy which indicates that the compound could interact with DNA through intercalation. The CT complex demonstrated significant free radical scavenging with 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl. The BP complex has been also screened for its antimicrobial activity.
8 illus, 3 tables, 50 ref
ARORA M, KARN S K, SINGH RK, SHARMA AK
043889 ARORA M, KARN S K, SINGH RK, SHARMA AK (Biochemistry & Biotechnology Dep, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Univ, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Role of probiotics in prevention and control of viral infection. Int J Herb Med 2020, 8(5), 42-7.
Probiotics are living microorganisms which administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on a host. The risk of viral infection in humans increased exponentially. However, the efficacy of vaccines and remedies for infectious disease is limited by the high mutation rate of virus, especially RNA viruses. The most common type of microbes used as probiotics are Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, which are generally consumed as a part of fermented foods, such as yoghurt or dietary supplements. One of the major mechanisms of probiotic action is through the regulation of host immune response. Probiotics contain immunostimulatory substances such as lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan and nucleic acid, which are toll-like receptor ligands, and muramyl dipeptide, which is a nod-like receptor ligand. Different experiments provide insight on the clinical effects of probiotics against respiratory virus infections. Commonly the retro viruses interact with the respiratory epithelium, which generates an innate immune response by activating the IFN signaling and other proinflammatory cytokines. Once cytokines have been secreted, macrophages and NK cells will be recruited to phagocytize and kill both viruses and viralinfected cells. To trigger a specific immune response, the immune system needs proinflammatory cytokines, energy, and some cofactor elements. Hence, probiotics can provide some elements to boost the immune response. There is another variety of mechanism to boost immune response and therefore these are also called immuno biotics. In this communication, we highlight the effectiveness of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of virally induced infectious diseases and the unique mechanism by which viruses are eliminated. Different methods and strategies such as vaccines, antibiotics, therapies, etc. have been performed for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases but infection control has not yet been achieved at a sufficient level for diseases like Ebola haemorrhagic fever, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus, avian influenza, Zika virus, etc. As the increased geographical movement of humans and export and import of goods increased, the numbers of pathogenic virus species and affected area have increased. Therefore, the risk of viral infection has now become a critical issue. Most recently, scientists identified a new corona outbreak in Wuhan, China that has now reached all over the world. The virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause COVID-19. Corona virus undergoes a process of discontinuous mutation as a result development of vaccine becomes difficult and the disease becomes pandemics. Corona virus typically affects the respiratory tracts of birds and mammals including humans. Doctors associate them with common cold, bronchitis, pneumonia, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. In the current studies, special emphasis is given on the viral infection and outlining the possible application of several probiotics against viral infectious disease and to explain the immune defence mechanism against viral infection that is induced by probiotics.
39 ref
BABU N V J, PRAGADA P M, RAO G M N
043868 BABU N V J, PRAGADA P M, RAO G M N (Botany Dep, Govt. Degree Coll, Yeleswaram, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh) : Survey and documentation on ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of osteoporosis by traditional healers in Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Herb Med 2020, 8(3), 25-31.
Medicinal plants are nature's gift to mankind and are rich heritage of India. India is well known as an “Emporium of medicinal plants”. About 70% of the rural folk depend on medicinal plants for their health care. Osteoporosis is a disorder in which the bones and joints become degenerated, less dense, brittle, porous, weak and could be easily damaged/ broken. The Eastern Ghats are a long chain of broken hills that pass mainly through three states viz., Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana they situated between 120 38’ – 22 º N latitudes and 780 50’ – 840 46’ E longitudes. Several field trips have been conducted during 2014-2019 in the tribal pockets of Eastern Ghats of A. P. The methodology were adopted which were described by earlier scientists. A total of 77 species belonging to 66 genera and 49 species have been recorded which are being potentially exploited by the tribal and nontribal groups in treating osteoporosis. Pharmacognostic studies are to be conducted for ascertaining the active ingredients, alkaloids, flavonoids for the species which are not yet covered hitherto.
5 tables, 23 ref
BOOMINATHAN P, CHITTIBABU CV
043863 BOOMINATHAN P, CHITTIBABU CV (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, Presidency Coll (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu,) : Anticancer activities of ethanol tuberous root extracts of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn and Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br.. Int J Herb Med 2020, 8(2), 38-42.
Herbal medicines containing different alkaloids of medicinal plants are used for prevention and treatment of dreadful diseases such as cancer, HIV and tuberculosis. They include traditional medicines of ancient times and the present day standardized plant drugs are all herbal drugs. In the age of clinical medicines, the main challenge is drug resistance. So, multidrug resistance somehow hampers random use of clinical medicines anymore, resulting in the use of herbal medicines. Use of herbal medicines is cheaper due to its easy availability. Modern day medicines have already accepted herbalism as a form of alternative medicine. Clinical medicines however use many plant-derived metabolites in pharmaceutical drugs, for example- opium, aspirin, digitalis, quinine etc; but scope of using herbal medicines is further extended as it consists of many more unexplored herbals, minerals, fungal and algal products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanol tuberous root extract of D. hamiltonii and roots of H. indicus on Hep G2 cells and cytotoxicity on Vero cells by MTT assay method. The maximum cell death of Vero cells by tuberous root extract of D. hamiltonii was 23.66±0.003 % and that of H. indicus was 20.69±0.003 % at 160 µg/mL concentration. The maximum cell death of HepG2 cells by tuberous root extract of D. hamiltonii was 76.58±0.005 % and in the case of H. indicus it was 72.11±0.004 % at 160 µg/mL concentration.
5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref
DINESH M, THAKOR J, VISHWA K V, PATHAK M, PATEL S K, KUMAR P, QURESHI S, SINGH K P, SAHOO M
041978 DINESH M, THAKOR J, VISHWA K V, PATHAK M, PATEL S K, KUMAR P, QURESHI S, SINGH K P, SAHOO M (Pathology Div, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, Email: vety.lisa@gmail.com) : Pathology and diagnosis of Streptococcus suis infections in pre-weaned piglets. Indian J Vet Pathol 2020, 44(3), 144-53.
Streptococcus suis is an emerging bacterial pathogen causing high mortality in nursery pigs. The prevalence of S. suis in piglets especially in nursery piglets of India is not known and needs to be addressed for its eff ective control. A total of 243 biological samples (152- nasal swabs; 57-palatine tonsils; 21-dead piglets and 13-joint fl uids) were collected from both healthy and diseased preweaned piglets. Out of 209 samples from the asymptomatic piglets processed for microbiological investigations, 14 cultures were isolated (6.69 %) while higher positivity was recorded by molecular method (68.4 %) showing greater efficacy of molecular method for detection of S. suis infections in piglets. In diseased piglets, 5 isolates were recovered by routine culture method while40 cases (43.47 %) were detected by molecular means. Majority of the isolates belonged to serotype 2 (9/19; 47.36 %) followed by serotype 5 (5/19; 26.31 %), serotype 7 (3/19; 15.78 %) and serotype 9 (2/19; 10.52 %). The predominant genotype was found to be mrp-/epf-/sly-/arcA- in both the cases. The piglets died of S. suis infections showed pneumonia, hepatitis, nephritis, splenitis, tonsillitis, enteritis with the demonstration of bacterial antigens at the site of lesions confi rm its association with the development of the disease. Moreover, mouse pathogenecity testing of S. suis isolates confirm its pathogenic potential irrespective of its genotypes. This is the first report on documenting the prevalence and characterization of S. suis among healthy and diseased preweaned piglets of India.
5 illus, 1 table, 40 ref
SINGH S K, SUBBA N, TILAK R
041964 SINGH S K, SUBBA N, TILAK R (Dermatology and Venereology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: najumasubba@gmail.com) : Efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole in different doses and in combination in the treatment of tinea infection: A randomized controlled parallel group open labeled trial with clinico mycological correlation. Indian J Dermatol 2020, 65(4), 284-9.
There is a rising prevalence of dermatophyte infection especially in the tropics. It has been observed that the antifungals are not as effective as they used to be. To determine the effectiveness of terbinafine and itraconazole in different doses and in combination in the treatment of tinea infection. Study design was a randomized parallel group trial. Patients were randomly divided into five parallel arms in which two of the standard drugs in recommended doses were compared with their double doses and with combination of both the drugs. Patients were followed up every 2 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at 4 and 8 weeks. Cure was considered as complete clinical resolution of the lesions. Fungal culture and sensitivity were done by disk diffusion method for all patients. Parametric one‑way analysis of variance (F test) and Chi‑square test were used for the analysis. Two‑hundred seventy‑five patients were included in the study. Itraconazole containing groups showed significantly higher cure rates than terbinafine only groups both at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.001). Itraconazole containing groups, when compared against each other, were not found to be significantly different. The outcomes between terbinafine only groups were also not significantly different. Cure rates at 8 weeks were found to be greater than that at 4 weeks for all groups which were found to be highly significant (P < 0.001). Itraconazole seems to be more effective than terbinafine. There is no benefit in increasing the dose or using a combination regimen in the treatment of tinea. Prolonged duration of treatment is required for complete cure.
1 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref
ASSIRI K, HAMEED M S, DAWASAZ A A, ALAMOUDI E, ASIRI A M, VIJ H, AJMAL M
041960 ASSIRI K, HAMEED M S, DAWASAZ A A, ALAMOUDI E, ASIRI A M, VIJ H, AJMAL M (Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology Dep, King Khalid Univ, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: mohammad.shahul@gmail.com) : Correlation of buccal micronucleus with disease activity score using buccal micronucleus cytome analysis (BMCA) in systemic lupus erythematosus. Indian J Dermatol 2020, 65(4), 265-8.
A disease activity score obtained by using systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) has traditionally been a reliable method to assess the SLE status of patients. More recently, a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCA) has been developed for use as a biomarker of DNA damage in patients with SLE. There has been a very limited number of studies pertaining to the oral lesions in Arab population suffering from SLE in Asir region. Hence, it became utmost important to study epidemiological data of oral mucosal lesions in SLE patients. Distribution of oral lesions in SLE patients could also be helpful in better management of oral complications. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of a correlation between SLEDAI score and the degree of micronuclei (MN) formation using BMCA. After thorough oral examination of adult Saudi SLE patients of Asir hospital and that of healthy control subjects, the subjects underwent BMCA from normal unaffected bilateral buccal mucosae. Pearson’s correlation test showed that MN count did not significantly correlate with either disease activity or duration of SLE. Controlled state SLE does not lead to a significant increase in MN formation. Thus, the occurrence of premalignant lesions in the oral cavity could be minimized using proper management protocols.
2 tables, 22 ref
AL-SABBAGH J K
046752 AL-SABBAGH J K (Microbiology Dep, Kerbala Univ, Karbala, Iraq) : The role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194429.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune demyelinating diseases involved in the central nervous system (CNS) and its etiological factors believed to be both environmental and genetic factors . The disease affected brain and spinal cord with various characteristic involved defect of myelination , chronic inflammation , pathological effect on axon and oligodendrocyte . The herpesvirus family is play a vital role in pathogenicity of disease . Cytomegalovirus (CMV) from these family members which detected to have a role in MS and our results investigated a significant relation of CMV with MS between patients and controls . Besides a previous data which approved the effect of the level of vitamin D on MS development and modifications in patients . In this study the results achieve significant differences in the levels of vitamin D between the two groups under study .
3 tables, 29 ref
OUDAH N A R, MOHAMMED A A, AL-TEEA K S C
046751 OUDAH N A R, MOHAMMED A A, AL-TEEA K S C (Biology Dep, Mustansiriyah Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : Investigating the level of vitamin E, C and superoxide dismutase in patients with allergic asthma and allergic asthma with Helminths infection. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194428.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of antioxidant activity, vitamin E, vitamin C and superoxide dismutase with the severity of allergic asthma by estimating their level in the patients’ sera, as well as evaluating their association with the level of total and specific serum IgE in allergic asthmatics and allergic asthmatics with helminths infection. The study applied on 180 subjects divided into three groups, 100 patients with allergic asthma and 50 patients having allergic asthma with helminths infection. The group of patients included 50 males and 100 females age 15-60 years. The control group comprised of 30 healthy individuals, included 14 males and 16 females age range 16-60 years. For each participant, the medical history was considered; the total and specific IgE levels, vitamin E, vitamin C and superoxide dismutase levels were determined in the patient’s sera using ELISA technique. The present study has demonstrated an increased level in serum total IgE in the patients’ groups (allergic asthma group and allergic asthma with helminths) compare to the control group, mean 374.54 IU/mL; 472.24 IU/mL; 29.21 IU/mL respectively. The level differences among the three groups are highly significant when compared statistically
2 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref
JYOTHI R, MURTHY K M S
043839 JYOTHI R, MURTHY K M S (Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Email: jyothiramachandra24@gmail.com) : Cytotoxic potentiality of Colocasia esculenta leaves extract on five different cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Int J Green Pharm 2020, 14(4), 375-80.
Medicinal plants have been playing a major role because of their therapeutic importance in terms of combating various diseases. Colocasia esculenta is an annual plant known for its medicinal properties. The present investigation was aimed to screen the cytotoxic potentiality of C. esculenta leaves extract against five different cancer cell lines. Ethanol was used as a solvent to extract plant material using hot extraction method. In our investigation, five different cancer cell lines such as human lung cancer (A549), ovarian cancer (Pa-1), prostate cancer (PC3), colon cancer (HCT 116), and acute leukemia (K562) were exposed to dose dependent cytotoxic studies. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay carried out to determine the efficacy of ethanol extract of indigenous medicinal plant C. esculenta leaves in hindering the activity of cancerous cells and cisplatin was used as standard anticancer drug. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values recorded for Pa-1, A549, HCT116, K562, and PC-3 are 93.2 µg/mL, 133.6 µg/mL, 172.87 µg/mL, 217.54 µg/mL, and 223.08 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values ranged 93.2 µg/mL–223.08 µg/mL indicate the presence of variety of active principles present in the ethanolic extract. The ethanolic extract showed dose-dependent activity against all five different cancer cell lines. Investigation provides basic evidence to enlist C. esculenta leaves as one of the plants with cytotoxic properties, encourages to isolate bioactive compounds, and understands their interaction with cancer cells.
6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref
FALHI A K, LUAIBI N M, ALSAEDI A J
046735 FALHI A K, LUAIBI N M, ALSAEDI A J (Biology Dep, Mustansiriyah Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : Serum anti-mullerian hormone concentration and function of the pituitary-gonadal axis in Iraqi patients with chronic kidney disease. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194411.
Infertility among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been extensively investigated. However, reproductive function in these patients is less well‑characterized. The present study was aimed to examine the associations among chronic kidney disease (CKD) and fertility status by evaluation levels of: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Estrogen (E2) and Progesterone (P4) for females and Testosterone for males along with Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in CKD patients. The study has been registered at Nephrology and Transplant Center in Medical City of Baghdad- Iraq from April 2018 to July 2018. The study included 50 patients who are diagnosed to have CKD stage-5, their ages ranged between 20-50 years (25 males and 25 females) and 20 matched apparently healthy as control, their ages ranged between 20-48 years (10 males and 10 females). This study showed a highly significant (P0.05) decrease in P4 level in CKD females patients compared to the control group. In parallel, there is significant (P0.05) increase in AMH level in CKD patients compared to the control group.
5 tables, 31 ref
KHALAF A K
046734 KHALAF A K (Microbiology Dep, Thi-Qar Univ, Nasiriyah, Iraq, Email: amalkhudair111@yahoo.com) : Histopathological changes associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in patients with Baghdad Boil/South of Iraq. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194410.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iraq and it is become epidemic in Nassirriyah city recently/ South of Iraq. The following histopathological study were achieved in microbiology dept. at college of Medicine in University of Thiqar, targeting Nassiriyah city in south of Iraq where Baghdad boil is highly distributed during a period of time at end of April 2016. several of tissue (skin) biopsies were obtained by dermatologist under sterilizing condition and at Al-Hussain teaching hospital where the patients have entered for treatment . The result explain the following changing : marked epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, two small granulomas of macrophages some with vaculation in the dermis, sever dermal hyperplasia and foliculitis also hyperkeratosis and scab formation, marked hyperplasia of epidermis, hyperkeratosis and scab formation.
6 illus, 13 ref
SHARMA V, SHARMA P, SHARMA K
043810 SHARMA V, SHARMA P, SHARMA K (Bioscience and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Univ, Vanasthali - 304022, Rajasthan, Email: drvshs@gmail.com) : Unfolding the antioxidative and free radicals scavenging potential of stem bark of the wonder tree, Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: An in vitro approach. Int J Green Pharm 2020, 14(1), 122-9.
The present experimental investigation was conducted to unravel and analyze the antioxidant potential of sequential extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hydroethanol, and aqueous) of Prosopis cineraria. Quantitative assays for estimating content of phytochemicals (phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and saponins), in vitro antioxidant and free radicals scavenging assays were performed. Reducing power capability of various extracts was done. The research investigated and calculated the half-inhibitory concentration (i.e., IC50) values for various sequential extracts. The research study revealed that hydroethanol extracts showed maximum antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential in contrast to other extracts. Hydroethanol extracts of the stem bark of the studied plant had comparatively lower IC50 values in comparison to other extracts. Quantitative measurements of phytoconstituents also revealed that the plant extracts are rich in bioactive constituents and antioxidants. This investigation would encourage researchers toward the extracts of stem bark of P. cineraria, which have significant antioxidative potential. The plant extracts can be further explored for understanding the mechanism underlying the free radicals scavenging, by conducting in vivo studies.
10 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref
KOLEVA M S, DIKOV D I, BELOVEZHDOV V T, SARAFIAN V
041914 KOLEVA M S, DIKOV D I, BELOVEZHDOV V T, SARAFIAN V (General and Clinical Pathology Dep, Medical Univ, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Email: mariya.kolevaivanova@gmail.com) : Eosinophilic metaplasia in transurethral resection of the prostate. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2020, 63(3), 423-6.
To investigate prostatic eosinophilic metaplasia (EM) in a large series of cases and their relationship with the basic prostate pathology in TURP‑material: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), National Institutes of Health category IV prostatitis (also called histologic prostatitis or HP), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). The relation between EM and basic prostate pathology: BPH, PCa, and HP. Around 61 consecutive TURP‑specimens were reviewed for the presence of EM. The tissue sections were stained routinely with hematoxylin‑eosin (HE), hematoxylin‑phloxine‑saffron (HPS), and periodic acid‑Schiff’s procedure. Simultaneously BPH, HP, and PCa were evaluated. We found EM in 55.7 % of TURP‑specimens. EM is located more often in the ductal epithelium (58.8 %) and is usually focal (73.5 %) and in small groups (88.2 %) of secretory luminal cells. They are associated with BPH and with a variable degree of HP in all cases. However, there is no association with PCa. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in EM are better visualized with HPS. Zones induced by tissue electrocoagulation which mimic EM, are seen in the periphery of TURP‑fragments. EM in prostate is presented by the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in benign secretory epithelium. The study presents the first attempt to investigate EM in a large series of patients. Our results enrich the available information about the histoepidemiology of prostatic EM. Moreover, EM is more common in a focal lesion, found in small groups of ductal secretory epithelial cells while EM in TURP‑specimens is associated with BPH and HP in all the cases.
4 illus, 18 ref
ABOUHASHEM N S, ABDELBARY E H, ABDALLA M M H, EL SHAZLY M
041911 ABOUHASHEM N S, ABDELBARY E H, ABDALLA M M H, EL SHAZLY M (Pathology Dep, Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt, Email: nehaleldieb@yahoo.com) : Diagnostic utility of amylase α‑1A, MOC 31, and CD 82 in renal oncocytoma versus chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2020, 63(3), 405-11.
Renal oncocytoma (RO) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) originate from the same cell origin, that is, the intercalated cells of the collecting duct.[1] In most cases, there are clear morphologic differences between RO and ChRCC; however, in some instances, overlapping features may be encountered and the differentiation between the two entities becomes difficult.[2] Several immunohistochemical markers with different expression patterns in ChRCC and RO have been described to rule out this dilemma. d RO have been described to rule out this dilemma. Materials and Methods: About 47 primary renal neoplasms that had been diagnosed as RO or ChRCC were submitted for immunohistochemical staining of amylase α‑1A (AMY1A), MOC 31, and CD 82. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy have been analyzed. AMY1A positivity was observed in all RO cases in our work with 91.7 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity in the diagnosis of RO. The PPV of its expression was (100%) and NPV (97.2 %) with a diagnostic accuracy of 97.9 %. A significant high expression of MOC 31 was observed in ChRCC compared to its expression in RO with a statistical significance (P < 0.001). In addition, we obtained 82.9 % sensitivity and 91.7 % specificity of MOC 31 expression in the diagnosis of ChRCC. The positive predictive value (PPV) was (96.7 %), negative predictive value (NPV) (64.7 %) with diagnostic accuracy (85.1 %). In our studied cases, we detected positive immunoexpression of CD 82 in 10 cases (83.3 %) of ChRCC. However, it was lost in all RO cases (100 %). CD 82 sensitivity and specificity in differentiating ChRCC from RO were 100 % and 83.3 %, respectively. We propose MOC 31 and CD 82 as negative immunostains for RO, as these markers are commonly expressed in ChRCC. In conjunction with AMY1A strong immunopositivity in RO cases, we provide a triple panel of biomarkers (AMY1A, MOC 31, and CD 82) for the distinction between RO and ChRCC.
5 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref
KHALIFA S M, BADER B M
045444 KHALIFA S M, BADER B M (Biology Dep, AlJufra Univ, Al-Jufra, Libya) : Floristic analysis of the family Asteraceae in Al-Jufra region, Libya. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(6), 13-5.
The present study focused on the floristic description of Family Asteraceae in the Al-Jufra region of Libya. This description includes a list of plant species of Family Asteraceae and their life-span, lifeforms and chorotypes. In 20 stands (25 m2 each), a survey of the family Asteraceae species was conducted in Al-Jufra Oases (Waddan, Hun, Zalla, Sawknah and El-Fugha). The results showed that, the family Asteraceae included 23 species, belonged to 19 genera. Launaea and Picris were the predominant genera with three species each These species were classified into 14 annuals (60.87 %) and 9 perennials (39.13 %). According to life-forms, the recorded Asteraceae members were grouped into 14 therophytes (60.87 %), seven chamaephytes (30.43 %) and two hemicryptophytes (8.7 %). The chorological analysis revealed that, the Saharo-Arabian taxa (8 species, 34.9 %) were the most dominant type. Further studies are required to highlight the importance and conservation of family Asteraceae species in the study area.
3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
CAKIR E, SAYGIN I, KISIOGLU S
041892 CAKIR E, SAYGIN I, KISIOGLU S (Pathology Dep, Karadeniz Technical Univ, Ortahisar - 61080, Trabzon, Email: emelnur7@gmail.com) : A comparison between unifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‑like nuclear features and other patterns: A retrospective clinicopathological study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2020, 63(2), 188-93.
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (mPTC) is defined as a tumor with low malignancy potential. Different treatment protocols have been used at different centers for analyzing this tumor which has common recurrence and metastasis rates. Consequently, in 2016, the definition of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‑like nuclear features (NIFTP) was accepted which included the lesions >1 cm. It is important to explain the clinical course and appropriate treatment options for mPTC and its subtypes. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical course of mPTC with and without NIFTP and to determine different risk groups among these subtypes. We performed microscopic reexamination of about 280 unifocal mPTCs retrieved from our archives between 2007–2018 and analyzed the results of morphological and clinical comparison among these cases that had 0–11‑years of clinical follow‑up. Among 280 unifocal mPTCs, 127 cases (45.4 %) had classical morphology, 58 (20.7 %) had NIFTP, 53 (18.9 %) had infiltrative pattern, 27 (9.6 %) had oncocytic pattern, 12 (4.3 %) showed capsular invasion, and 3 (1.1 %) showed other morphologies. Seven patients were detected with lymph node metastasis and one with distant metastasis at diagnosis. Lymph node metastasis (recurrence) was postoperatively detected in five patients. All patients with recurrence were women. Moreover, three of these patients were in their 30s and two in 70s. The median diameter of the tumor was 3 mm. Both invasive and noninvasive cases have recurred. Contrary to the results of the previous studies, the results of our study did not confirm the indolent course of mPTC with NIFTP. However, metastasis was detected both at the time of diagnosis and during the postoperative period. The malignancy potential of these tumors may not be low. Therefore, more clinicopathological and molecular studies are needed to determine the biological behavior of mPTC cases with different histology.
2 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref
KAR A, PATTNAIK K, KAR T, BISWAL P, MISHRA C, GURU L
041891 KAR A, PATTNAIK K, KAR T, BISWAL P, MISHRA C, GURU L (S.C.B.Medical Coll, Cuttack, Odisha - 753 006, Email: asarantikar@yahoo.co.in) : Clear cell lesions in pathology: Histomorphologic approach to diagnosis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2020, 63(2), 177-87.
There has been remarkable progress in the field of surgical pathology; however, histomorphology has remained the most important and essential tool of the surgical pathologist in everyday practice till now. It is surprising that the hematoxylin–eosin (H and E) stain, introduced more than a century ago, has still remained the gold standard stain for histological examination and diagnosis of human diseases. Besides different findings or clues observed in histopathology sections like inclusions, granules, grooving, globules, halo, or clearing, which would enable the pathologist to provide a precise and accurate diagnosis; observation of clear cells is one of the important findings and clue for reporting. It may also sometimes lead to difficulties and delays in establishing the diagnosis. It can be focal or extensive and primary or rarely it may be secondary. Clear cell changes may be observed in many non‑neoplastic, benign, or malignant tumors of diverse origin. Clear cell tumors contain a preponderance of clear cells. It can be seen in almost all the organs of human body and can be classified according to location or biological behavior. Commonly seen clear‑cell tumors are usually malignant and common organs involved are female genital tract, urogenital tract, head and neck areas, central nervous system, skin, and rarely in bone and soft tissues. For approach to clear cell lesions, one has to decide if the change is artifactual, a mimic of clear cell tumors, or a clear cell tumor in reality. Once the mimics and artifactual/degenerative changes have been ruled out, a tumor either primarily of clear cell origin or showing secondary change has to be decided. The tumor next is to be diagnosed as benign/malignant and epithelial/mesenchymal based on morphology.
7 illus, 1 table, 49 ref
MERE C A, IFEMEJE J C, AMAEFULE K I, NWAKA A C
045425 MERE C A, IFEMEJE J C, AMAEFULE K I, NWAKA A C (Biochemistry Dep, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Univ, Anambra State, Nigeria) : Antiulcereogenic effects of Ageratum conyzoides extract in male albino rats. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(3), 47-51.
Antiulcereogenic effect of methanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides was evaluated in indomethacin- induced gastric ulceration in male albino rats. The ground plant leaves were macerated to prepare a methanol extract. Twenty male albino rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. The extract was administered orally at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for the experimental groups. Distilled water (2 ml/kg) and cimetidine (32 mg/kg) were administered orally to the control and reference groups respectively. The extract treatments were carried out 60 minutes before oral administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg) for ulcereogenic inducement. The rats were sacrificed after 8 hours. Rats pre- treated with extracts of A. conyzoides showed non-significant (P 0.05) inhibition of gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin, however, pre- treatment with Cimetidine (reference drug) produced higher ulcer protection when compared with the extract. The rats pre-treated with 200 mg/kg. b.w of the extract showed higher ulcer inhibition than those pre-treated with 100 and 400 mg/kg b.w of the extract respectively, signifying non dose dependency. A. conyzoides, a common weed, has some properties that can protect from ulcer induced by indomethacin. This suggests, it could be an easy source for antiulcer remedy.
1 table, 49 ref
ELKHODARY N M, FARRAG K A, ELOKABY A M, OMRAN G A E-H
041876 ELKHODARY N M, FARRAG K A, ELOKABY A M, OMRAN G A E-H (Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Dep, Damanhour Univ, Damanhour, Egypt, Email: amanyelokaby18@gmail.com) : Efficacy and safety of 7 days versus 10 days triple therapy based on levofloxacin‑dexlansoprazole for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: A pilot randomized trial. Indian J Pharmacol 2020, 52(5), 356-64.
Levofloxacin‑based triple therapies are considered the standard regimen for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) due to decreased sensitivity to clarithromycin and the optimal duration of therapy is still controversial. Besides, there is no complete evidence about dexlansoprazole efficacy in the eradication of H. pylori. Our study aimed to determine the effectiveness of triple therapy based on levofloxacin‑dexlansoprazole as a standard treatment for H. pylori infection and estimate the effect of H. pylori on lipid profile and hemoglobin (Hb). A pilot prospective randomized trial of a triple therapy based on levofloxacin‑dexlansoprazole for H. pylori eradication was conducted at Damanhour Medical National Institute, Egypt; 66 participants with H. pylori infection received levofloxacin (500 mg/day) plus amoxicillin (1 g/12 h) plus dexlansoprazole (60 mg/day). All medications administrated orally for either 7 days or 10 days. Four weeks after treatment, the eradication was assessed by the stool antigen test. The rate of eradication was 63.6 % in levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and dexlansoprazole (LAD) 7‑day group, and 90.9 % in LAD 10‑day group. In addition, laboratory test results showed a significant difference in Hb, low‑density lipoprotein, high‑density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels before and after treatment (P < 0.05). LAD 10 days is the least duration that provides maximum efficacy for H. pylori in Egyptian participants. In addition, successful treatment of H. pylori infection may reduce the risk of anemia and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, all members of the patient’s family should be screened for H. pylori to prevent recurrent infection.
1 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref
BONJORU R, JERRY TJ, BAKARI GH
043749 BONJORU R, JERRY TJ, BAKARI GH (Biology Dep, Education Coll, P.M.B 1021, Zing, Taraba, Nigeria) : A preliminary checklist of zooplanktons and macroinvertebrates of river Kashimbila, Taraba state, Nigeria. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2020, 8(2), 24-7.
A preliminary study was conducted to determine the composition and abundance of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates of Kashimbila River, Takum LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria. Zooplankton samples were collected monthly from the River from August 2016 to March 2017 using plankton net of 55μm mesh size. The plankton was preserved using 4 % formalin and three drops of Lugol’s solution and stored in plastic containers and taken to laboratory for further analysis. Zooplankton identification and counting were done by use of a binocular light microscope. Twenty one (21) species belonging to twelve (12) taxonomic groups were recorded. Macroinvertebrates were the dominant taxon with 38 % followed by ciliophora with 14 % while Cnidaria, Rotifera, Arthropoda, Nematoda, Amoebozoa, Copepoda, Diptera, Heterichida, Cladocera and Coleoptera with 4.76 % each had one species. The findings indicate the unpolluted nature of the Kashimbila River and also provide useful information on the checklists and ecology of the zooplankton’s species which could be potentially used as bio-indicators for assessing and monitoring the River.
2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
AL-MARSOMY H D, HASSAN F A
046730 AL-MARSOMY H D, HASSAN F A (Microbiology Dep, Al-Nahrain Univ, Baghdad- 64074, Iraq, Email: hudaalmarsome@yahoo.com) : Study the role of trichomoniasis in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) failure. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194406.
Trichomoniasis is a sexual transmitted disease that affects human fertility. In women, trichomoniasis has been related to infertility due to pelvic inflammatory disease that compromises tubal patency, while in men, trichomoniasis may contributed to infertility by deficit of sperm cell quality and function due to physical damage. In this article, asymptomatic fifty couples with unexplained infertility, undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis (T.V.) infection. In 70 % of couples, embryo implantation failed and pregnancy was not achieved, probably as a consequence of trichomoniasis. The result indicates that T. vaginalis pathogenicity, adverse reproductive health outcomes, in time diagnosis, and treatment may improve implantation rate in patients with unexplained infertility undergoing Assisted reproductive technology ( ART).
3 tables, 43 ref
SHARMA S, GOVENDER K, NAGARAJU K, CHHETRI P, CHANDRASEKHAR SRINIVAS S
041858 SHARMA S, GOVENDER K, NAGARAJU K, CHHETRI P, CHANDRASEKHAR SRINIVAS S (Rhodes Univ, Grahamstown, South Africa, Email: samridhi11sharma@gmail.com) : antimicrobial resistance: identifying the major conflicts of interest and way forward. Indian J Pharm Pract 2020, 13(4), 294-303.
Consistent and sustainable actions in the right direction to address the current public health challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial to avert the severe negative impact on health and development of the global population. Inadequate knowledge on the appropriate use of antibiotics in humans as well as in food production (meat and plant-based), lack of hygiene, and poverty are some of the major contributing factors to the emergence and spread of AMR. While existing antimicrobials are becoming ineffective at an alarming rate and the discovery void in new classes of antibiotics has remained for decades, specific attention on the rational use of available antibiotics is crucial. While low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) address their double burden of diseases with inadequate healthcare systems and lack of preparedness to address AMR, the commercial interests of the market forcing for the irrational use of antimicrobials will also remain a major trigger. Hence, LMICs require greater commitment in operationalizing their national AMR action plan which have all been adopted from the WHO’s Global Action Plan. This review article provides a summary of global events for AMR, HIV/AIDS and NCDs, to draw out the disparity of resolutions and conflicts of interest. Increased knowledge and education on the rational use of antimicrobials is key for agricultural industries, health care professionals as well as patients and communities. The implementation of national and international policies along with youth participation is bound to lead to positive health and development outcomes.
2 illus, 5 tables, 101 ref
SUR T M, AKBABA E, HASSAN S A, BAGCI E
043733 SUR T M, AKBABA E, HASSAN S A, BAGCI E (Biology Dep, Firat Univ, Elazig, Turkey) : Neuropharmacological profile of Hypericum scabrum L. essential oil in rats. J Essent Oil Res 2020, 32(1), 79–87.
Members of the genus Hypericum L. are traditionally used for various illnesses including depression. In this study, the effects of essential oil obtained from Hypericum scabrum L. on anxiety and depressive-like behavior were evaluated in dementia animal model. H. scabrum essential oil (1 % and 3 %) was applied to rats for 21 days by inhalation. Then, the rats were treated with scopolamine prior to behavioral tests: elevated plus maze and forced swimming test. H. scabrum essential oil increased the number of open arm entries and number of crossings within elevated plus maze as compared to scopolamine-alone treated group, demonstrating anxiolytic effect. Furthermore, depressive-like symptoms induced by scopolamine were reduced by H. scabrum essential oil inhalation as evidenced by increases in the swimming time and decreases in the immobility time within forced swimming test. These results show anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities of H. scabrum essential oil in dementia rat model.
3 illus, 1 table, 45 ref
ABDULLA K N, AHMED M S, SALEH MOHAMMED R
046712 ABDULLA K N, AHMED M S, SALEH MOHAMMED R (Biology Dep, Tikrit Univ, Tikrit, Iraq) : The effect of oral magnesium supplements on lipid profile and oxidative stress in adult albino female rats. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194388.
The present study was designed to show the effect of magnesium on lipid profile and oxidative stress. The present study used 30 adult albino female rats that distributed to following groups (each group consist 6 rats); control group received ad libidium, second group administrated magnesium (orally, 35.7mg /kg) for eight weeks, third group administrated magnesium (orally, 71.4mg /kg) for eight weeks, fourth group (pregnant rats) administrated magnesium (orally, 35.7mg /kg) for eight weeks, fifth group (pregnant rats) administrated magnesium (orally, 71.4mg /kg) for eight weeks, and then killed. The results showed high significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels of lipid profile (total cholesterol, total glyceride, high density lipid (HDL), low density lipid (LDL) very low density lipid (VLDL)), especially in pregnant female rats (third and fifth groups) compared with control group. On the other hand, the results showed significant changes (P < 0.05) in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase especially in pregnant female rats (third and fifth groups) compared with control group. It was concluded that the prolong using and overdose of magnesium lead to elevated the lipid profile and oxidative stress in rats especially in pregnant female rats.
2 tables, 17 ref
KHALAF N Z, NAJEEB L M, ABDUL-JALIL A A
046710 KHALAF N Z, NAJEEB L M, ABDUL-JALIL A A (Biology Dep, Anbar Univ, Ramadi, Iraq) : Molecular study of spy1258 gene in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from pharyngitis patients in Fallujah city. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194386.
Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) strict human pathogen that give rise to a wide range of diseases. GAS is the most current bacterial cause of pharyngitis and firstly effect school-age children 5-15years of age. SPY1258 gene is a specialized gene group in GAS and its considered specific for GAS and can be used for its detection as a markers. A total of 300 throat swab were collected from patients suffering from pharyngitis referred to Fallujah general teaching Hospital, Fallujah taeching Hospital for women and chiladren and Amerya general Hospital , Iraq during a peroid between 2018-2019. Theses samples were submit for bacteriology and molecvular tests. Out of all samples screened 43 isolates (14.3)were identified as ß – hemolytic streptococci and only 13 isolates were detected as streptococcus pyogenes by bacteriology and biochemical test and also by PCR GAS isolates exposed in order to detect the particular gene (SPY1258). Antibiotic sensetivity test showed a high incidence of bacterial resistance to macrolids. Bacitracin sensetive is non- specific test for the identification of Streptococcus pyogenes, and should be used further test, for best result should confirmed by SPY1258 gene. The SPY1258 gene can be used for accurate molecular diagnosis of Streptococcus pyogenes.
4 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref
MANIMARAN P , RAJAN MR
043656 MANIMARAN P , RAJAN MR (Biology Dep, Gandhi Gram Univ, Tamil Nadu) : Removal of toxic substances from zinc electroplating industry effluent using iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Ecol Environ Sci 2020, 2(4), 440-4.
The objective of the present work was related to the removal of toxic substances from zinc electroplating industry effluent using iron oxide nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method and characterized using by SEM, EDAX, FTIR, and XRD. Physico-chemical parameters were estimated. Different quantities of Iron oxide nanoparticles such as 100,200,300,400,500 mg were employed for the removal of toxic substances from zinc electroplating industry effluent. SEM image of iron oxide nanoparticles was observed at the wave length range of 11.27, 10.86 band 11.28mm.EDAX spectrum recorded 3 peaks located between 2 and 10 ke V. The FT-IR spectrum of iron oxide nanoparticles was analyzed in the range of 400-4000cm-1 . XRD diffraction peaks are indexed as 30.22 0 (220), 35.53 0 (311), 43.25 0 (400), 57.14 0 (415) and 62.78 0 (440). All the parameters of Zinc electroplating industry effluent was decreased when treated with 500 mg of iron oxide nanoparticles.
4 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref
KADHUM Y A-A, SALMAN S D, ABDEL- RAHMAN S A-H, HAMEID N S A
046707 KADHUM Y A-A, SALMAN S D, ABDEL- RAHMAN S A-H, HAMEID N S A (Biology Dep, Mustansiriya Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : The relation between serum vitamin c and d, calcium intake with obese type 2 diabetic patients. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194383.
This study took place at Al-kindy hospital on 30 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between (35-52) years old and 30 control men aged between (37-48) years old. In addition, the body mass index, vitamin D and C, serum calcium were measured. It was noticed that the body mass index increases in diabetic group (28.9 kg/m2) in comparison with the control group (24.2 kg/m2 ). Besides, serum calcium, vitamins C&D showed a significant decrease in diabetogenic patients (7.601 mg/ml, 0.61 ng/ml,16.48 ng/ml respectively) Compared with the control ones (9.871 mg/dl, 1.21 ng/ml, 28.104 ng/ml respectively).
3 tables, 25 ref
Asaad D A A, Sultan A S, Hassan Z N
046706 Asaad D A A, Sultan A S, Hassan Z N (Biology Dep, Mustansiriyah Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : Atherogenic index of plasma among type2 diabetic patients cross-sectional study in Iraq. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194382.
The study was carried out on (60) males previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type2 aged (40- 55) years with mean ± SE of age (48.46 ±5.03), who visited the Specialist Center for Endocrine and Diabetes at Baghdad province.The total cholesterol(TC) mg/dl levels were (180.90±11.68 ,209.60±14.50 ,203.10±14.65) respectively showed non significant (p˃0.05) variation in diabetic groups ,TG mg/dl levels in normal weight group (172.55±14.13) decreased significantly (p˂0.01) in comparison with over weight and obese (273.95±22.83) ;(306.95±25.20) ,respectively. LDL mg/dl levels were (101.50±9.56; 110.00±12.71; 105.40±9.99) respectively showed non significant (p˃0.05) variation in diabetic groups. VLDL mg/dl in normal weight group (35.75±3.31) decreased significantly (p˂0.01) in comparison with over weight and obese (59.70±4.59); (61.30±5.03).HDL mg/dl levels were (43.20±2.01 ,42.85±3.05,40.05±3.32) respectively showed non significant (p˃0.05) variation in diabetic groups. FBG showed non-significant correlation with TC(r=-0.13),LDL(r=-0.13),TG (r=-0.12),VLDL(r=-0.15),HDL(r= 0.24). HbA1C showed positive significant (p˂0.05) correlation with TC(r= 0.25), while showed non significant correlation with TG (r= 0.10),LDL (r=0.18),VLDL (r=-0.01), HDL (r=0.16).BMI showed non-significant with TC(r=0.15),LDL(r=0.08),HDL,(r=-0.08).While positive significant (p˂0.01) , correlation with TG (r=0.50), VLDL(r=0.39). The levels of AIP differ significantly (p0.05). AIP was significantly correlated with body mass index(r = 0.25), visceral fat (r = 0.37), TC (r = 0.22), LDL (r=0.24), HDL (r = −0.72), TG (r = 0.84), glucose (r = 0.32). Positive correlation (P<0.01) with BMI(r=0.36) ;VLDL (r=0.28)(p<0.05) and negative correlation (p<0.01) with HDL-C (r=-0.32)was seen .
1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref
KAROMI A S A
046700 KAROMI A S A (Biology Dep, Kirkuk Univ, Kirkuk, Iraq) : Screening study for some strains of E. coli collected from five regions in Kurdistan-Iraq for its sensitivity, resistance and MDR against thirteen antibiotics. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194376.
New strains of bacteria, which are sensitive and resistant to antibiotics, has been selected due to the overuse of antibiotics. The profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli), which is resistant to antibiotics, are taken from different samples of human fecal and urine. This article investigates the occurrence and observing the sources of E. coli, which is sensitive and resistant to antibiotics. The study samples are collected from human urine and fecal by limited inhibition zone. The study revealed a 92 % sensitivity to Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin, 77 % to Clarithromycin and Neomycin and 54 % to Doxycycline. While the lowest sensitivity level was documented for Erythromycin and Novobiocin represented by 6.8 %. Furthermore, the lowest level of sensitivity was reported for Erythromycin, and represented by 38 % in comparison to control. Moreover, the sensitivity to penicillin was low. Besides, this study revealed that the isolated samples of E. coli were highly resistant to the multiple antibiotic resistance of the three antibiotics, namely Ampicillin, Lincomycin and Rifampin during the same time. All of the antibiotics used in this study had a clear impact against E. coli bacteria as antimicrobial drugs to inhibit its growth and infection.
6 tables, 13 ref